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+The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Blot on the Kaiser's 'Scutcheon, by
+Newell Dwight Hillis
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: The Blot on the Kaiser's 'Scutcheon
+
+
+Author: Newell Dwight Hillis
+
+
+
+Release Date: October 1, 2007  [eBook #22821]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BLOT ON THE KAISER'S
+'SCUTCHEON***
+
+
+E-text prepared by Suzanne Shell, Stephen Blundell, and the Project
+Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+THE BLOT ON THE KAISER'S 'SCUTCHEON
+
+by
+
+NEWELL DWIGHT HILLIS
+
+
+        *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ Each 12mo, cloth, net, $1.20
+
+ STUDIES OF THE GREAT WAR
+ What Each Nation Has at Stake
+
+ LECTURES AND ORATIONS BY HENRY WARD BEECHER
+ Collected by Newell Dwight Hillis
+
+ THE MESSAGE OF DAVID SWING TO HIS GENERATION
+ Compiled, with Introductory Memorial Address
+ by Newell Dwight Hillis
+
+ ALL THE YEAR ROUND
+ Sermons for Church and Civic Celebrations
+
+ THE BATTLE OF PRINCIPLES
+ A Study of the Heroism and Eloquence of the
+ Anti-Slavery Conflict
+
+ THE CONTAGION OF CHARACTER
+ Studies in Culture and Success
+
+ THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC
+ Studies, National and Patriotic, upon the
+ America of To-day and To-morrow
+
+ GREAT BOOKS AS LIFE-TEACHERS
+ Studies of Character, Real and Ideal
+
+ THE INVESTMENT OF INFLUENCE
+ A Study of Social Sympathy and Service
+
+ A MAN'S VALUE TO SOCIETY
+ Studies in Self-Culture and Character
+
+        *       *       *       *       *
+
+ FAITH AND CHARACTER
+ 12mo, cloth, gilt top, net, 75 cents
+
+ FORETOKENS OF IMMORTALITY
+ 12mo, cloth, net, 60 cents
+
+ HOW THE INNER LIGHT FAILED
+ 18mo, boards, net, 25 cents
+
+ RIGHT LIVING AS A FINE ART
+ A Study of Channing's Symphony
+ 12mo, boards, net, 35 cents
+
+ THE MASTER OF THE SCIENCE OF RIGHT LIVING
+ 12mo, boards, net, 35 cents
+
+ ACROSS THE CONTINENT OF THE YEARS
+ 16mo, old English boards, net, 25 cents
+
+ THE SCHOOL IN THE HOME
+ Net, 60 cents
+
+
+        *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE BLOT ON THE KAISER'S 'SCUTCHEON
+
+by
+
+NEWELL DWIGHT HILLIS, D. D.
+Author of "German Atrocities," etc.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Decoration]
+
+
+New York         Chicago
+Fleming  H.  Revell  Company
+London   and   Edinburgh
+
+Copyright, 1918, by
+Fleming H. Revell Company
+
+
+_Uniform with this Volume_
+
+German Atrocities
+By NEWELL DWIGHT HILLIS
+Illus., Cloth, $1.00 net
+
+_A Million and a Half
+Extracts from this book
+have been issued by the
+Liberty Loan Committee!_
+
+
+New York: 158 Fifth Avenue
+Chicago: 17 North Wabash Ave.
+London: 21 Paternoster Square
+Edinburgh: 75 Princes Street
+
+
+
+
+Contents
+
+
+ I. THE ARCH-CRIMINAL                            11
+      1. The Kaiser's Hatred of the United
+         States.
+      2. The Kaiser's Character Revealed
+         in His Choosing the Sultan for His
+         friend.
+      3. Pershing's Charges versus the
+         Kaiser.
+      4. Who Taught the Kaiser That a
+         Treaty Is a Scrap of Paper?
+      5. The Plot of the Kaiser.
+
+ II. THE JUDAS AMONG NATIONS                     31
+      1. The Original Plot of the Members
+         of the Potsdam Gang.
+      2. The Berlin Schemers and Their
+         Plot.
+      3. German Superiority a Myth That
+         Has Exploded.
+      4. German Intrigues.
+      5. German Burglars Loaded with Loot
+         Are the More Easily Captured.
+      6. Germans Who Hide Behind the
+         Screen.
+      7. Must German Men Be Exterminated?
+
+ III. THE BLACK SOUL OF THE HUN                  60
+      1. German Barbarism Not Barbarism
+         to the German.
+      2. The German "Science of Lying."
+      3. The Malignity of the German Spies.
+      4. The Cancer in the Body-Politic of
+         Germany.
+      5. Polygamy and the Collapse of the
+         Family in Germany.
+      6. The Red-Hot Swords in Sister
+         Julie's Eyes.
+      7. The Hidden Dynamite: The
+         Hun's Destruction of Cathedrals.
+      8. The German Sniper Who Hid Behind
+         the Crucifix.
+      9. The Ruined Studio.
+     10. Was This Murder Justified?
+
+ IV. IN FRANCE THE IMMORTAL!                     98
+      1. The Glory of the French Soldier's
+         Heroism.
+      2. Why the Hun Cannot Defeat the
+         Frenchman.
+      3. "I Am Only His Wife."
+      4. A Soldier's Funeral in Paris.
+      5. The Old Book-Lover of Louvain.
+      6. A Vision of Judgment in Martyred
+         Gerbéviller.
+      7. The Return of the Refugees.
+      8. An American Knight in France.
+      9. An American Soldier's Grave in
+         France.
+     10. "These Flowers, Sir, I Will Lay
+         Them Upon My Son's Grave."
+     11. The Courage of Clemenceau.
+
+ V. OUR BRITISH ALLIES                          132
+      1. "Gott Strafe England"--"And
+         Scotland."
+      2. "England Must Not Starve."
+      3. German-Americans Who Vilify
+         England.
+      4. British vs. American Girls in
+         Munition Factories.
+      5. The Wolves' Den on Vimy Ridge.
+      6. "Why Did You Leave Us in
+         Hell for Two Years?"
+      7. "This War Will End Within
+         Forty Years."
+      8. "Why Are We Outmanned By
+         the Germans?"
+
+ VI. "OVER HERE"                                164
+      1. The Redemption of a Slacker.
+      2. Slackers versus Heroes.
+      3. German Stupidity in Avoiding the
+         Draft.
+      4. "I'm Working Now for Uncle
+         Sam."
+      5. The German Farmer's Debt to the
+         United States.
+      6. "Sharper Than a Serpent's Tooth"
+         Is an Ungrateful Immigrant.
+      7. In Praise of Our Secret Service.
+
+
+
+
+Publisher's Explanatory Note
+
+
+These brief articles are sparks struck as it were from the anvil of
+events. They were written on trains, in hotels, in the intervals between
+public addresses. During the past year beginning October 1, 1917, Dr.
+Hillis, in addition to his work in Plymouth Church, and as President of
+The Plymouth Institute, has visited no less than one hundred and
+sixty-two cities, and made some four hundred addresses on "The National
+Crisis," "How Germany Lost Her Soul," "The Philosophy of the German
+Atrocities," and "The Pan-German Empire Plot," the substance of these
+lectures and addresses being given in the book, "German Atrocities,"
+heretofore published. These articles are illustrative of and
+supplementary to the principles stated in that volume.
+
+While consenting to publication, the author was not afforded opportunity
+for full revision of this second volume, being again called over-seas
+just as this book was being put into type. This will account for the
+form in which the material appears.
+
+
+
+
+THE ARCH-CRIMINAL
+
+I
+
+
+1. The Kaiser's Hatred of the United States
+
+It is a proverb that things done in secret soon or late are published
+from the housetops.
+
+Certainly everything that was hidden as to the plots of the Potsdam gang
+is, little by little, now being revealed.
+
+Nothing illustrates this fact better than that volume published in
+Leipsic in 1907, called "Reminiscences of Ten Years in the German
+Embassy in Washington, D. C."
+
+When that aged diplomat published the story of his diplomatic career he
+doubtless thought that the volume prepared for his children and
+grandchildren and friends was forever buried in the German language. It
+never even occurred to the Councillor of the Ambassador, von Holleben,
+that the book would ever fall into the hands of any American. The very
+fact that an American author found the volume in a second-hand
+bookstore of Vienna in 1914 and translated the three chapters on the
+Kaiser's representatives in the United States and the organization of
+the German-American League, must have roused the Foreign Department in
+Berlin to the highest point of anger.
+
+Children and diplomats oftentimes unconsciously betray the most
+important secrets. No volume ever published could possibly have revealed
+matters of greater moment to Germany than this volume of reminiscences
+that sets forth the propaganda carried on in the United States by
+Ambassador von Holleben and his legal councillor for the furthering of
+the Pan-German Empire scheme.
+
+No scholar can doubt the right of this old diplomat to speak. The Kaiser
+personally vouched for him by giving him this important duty. The
+honours bestowed at the end of his long diplomatic career tell their own
+story. Every page breathes sincerity and truthfulness. No one who reads
+this volume can doubt that this author gave the exact facts--facts well
+known to his German friends--in the recollections of his diplomatic
+career.
+
+This diplomat tells us plainly that von Holleben and himself were sent
+to the United States specially charged with the task of reuniting
+Germans who were naturalized in America with the German Empire.
+
+It was their duty to organize secret German-American societies in every
+great city like New York and Brooklyn, Chicago and Milwaukee, Cincinnati
+and St. Louis, and to present to these societies a German flag sent from
+the hands of the Kaiser himself.
+
+Their work, says the author, was based upon the fact that the Kaiser had
+passed a law restoring full citizenship in Germany to those Germans who
+had become naturalized citizens of the United States. When, therefore,
+these members of the German-American League formally accepted their
+restored citizenship their first duty was to the Fatherland and the
+Kaiser and their second duty to the United States and its Government.
+Indeed, this lawyer and author actually goes so far as to give extracts
+from von Holleben's speech before the German-American League in Chicago
+when he presented the society with a German flag and swore the members
+to the old-time allegiance.
+
+He says that in some way the editor of the Chicago _Tribune_ found out
+about this meeting and wrote a very severe editorial, after which, he
+adds, that von Holleben and himself had to be more careful.
+
+Concerning the Milwaukee meeting, he refers to a conversation which
+revealed his judgment that if ever there was trouble between Germany and
+the United States the war would partake of the nature of a civil war.
+The author not only gives an account of the conference held at the
+Waldorf-Astoria between Ambassador von Holleben, Professors Munsterberg
+of Harvard and Schoenfield of Columbia and himself, on the one side, and
+Herman Ridder on the other, but he gives the instructions from Berlin
+that Herr Ridder could only keep his subsidy from the German Government
+for the New Yorker _Staats Zeitung_ by placing his fealty to Germany
+first and subordinating his Americanism, and that otherwise Ambassador
+von Holleben would found a rival German paper that would have back of it
+"unlimited resources, to wit: the total resources of the German Empire."
+
+Here, then, is proof positive that the Kaiser began his efforts to
+establish a pro-German movement against the United States for several
+years before 1906 and that he methodically kept it up until the war
+began.
+
+Through it all he claimed to be our sincere friend; but he was then, as
+he is to-day, an implacable and relentless enemy, with a heart laden
+with hatred and bitterness.
+
+
+2. The Kaiser's Character Revealed in His Choosing the Sultan for His
+Friend
+
+Nothing tests manhood like the choice of a bosom-friend. Criminals
+choose bad associates.
+
+Every Black Hand leader goes naturally towards the saloon, the gambling
+house and the dens where thieves congregate. Dickens made Fagin surround
+himself with pickpockets, burglars and murderers.
+
+History tells us that Christianity has always kept good company. Its
+friends have been architects, artists, poets and statesmen. Christianity
+repeats itself through its friends in the Gothic Cathedral shaped in the
+form of the cross, in the Transfiguration of Raphael, the Duomo of
+Giotto, the Paradise Lost of Milton, the In Memoriam of Tennyson, the
+Emancipation Proclamation of Lincoln. Christianity has never formed any
+close friendships with jails, gallows or slave ships. Men like Gladstone
+and Lincoln always kept good company; their friends have been scholars
+and heroes; but, in striking contrast, consider the friends selected by
+the Kaiser.
+
+To the Kaiser came a critical hour; at that moment he was at the parting
+of the ways. It became necessary for him to make a choice of friends.
+Like every man, his isolation was impossible and friendship became a
+necessity.
+
+The Kaiser had the whole world from which to choose. Yonder in London
+were King Edward and his son, the Prince of Wales. In France were
+certain statesmen and scientists like Curie. There was the old hero
+living in the capital of Japan and two ex-Presidents known the world
+around for their splendid manhood; and he could have made overtures of
+friendship to any one of these brave men; but in the silence of the
+night the Kaiser passed in review earth's great men, and finally
+selected for his close friend the lowest of the low--the butcher,
+unspeakable butcher--the Sultan of Turkey.
+
+At that time the Sultan had just completed the butchery of many
+Armenians. His garments were red with blood, his hands dripped with
+gore. His house was a harem; his hand held a dagger. The sea-wall behind
+his palace rose out of the blue waters of the Bosporus.
+
+When an American battle-ship was anchored there and a diver went down he
+pulled a rope and was brought up, shivering with terror, and saying that
+he found himself surrounded with corpses tied in sacks and held down by
+stones at the bottom of the sea.
+
+In that hour the Kaiser exclaimed: "Let the Sultan be my associate! I
+will go to Constantinople and sign a treaty with the unspeakable
+butcher."
+
+And so the Kaiser took his train, lived in the Sultan's palace, signed
+this treaty, and hired the Sultan's knife and club, just as the Chief
+Priest Annas chose Judas to be his representative upon whom he could
+load the responsibility for the murder of Jesus.
+
+Never was a friendship more damnable. Reared in a country that believed
+in the sanctity of the marriage relation and in monogamy, the Kaiser
+lined up with polygamy. The treaty that he made was thoroughgoing. He
+sent out word to all Mohammedans, whether they lived in India or Persia,
+in Arabia or Turkey, that they must remember that the Kaiser had entered
+into a treaty to become their protector and friend. Having become a
+Lutheran in Berlin, he became a Mohammedan in Constantinople on the
+principle that "When you are in Rome do as the Romans do, and when you
+are in hell act like the devil"--a simple principle which the Kaiser
+proceeded to obey as soon as he reached Constantinople.
+
+Every one knew that the Kaiser wanted to build a German railroad through
+to Bagdad and the Persian Gulf; this would give him an outlet for
+surplus goods to be sold in India. Serbia lay straight across the path,
+and he had to work out some scheme to attack Serbia. Then he needed the
+Sultan's friendship, and the end justified the means--and the end was
+the Bagdad Railroad.
+
+But the Turk tired of being the Kaiser's tool; he wanted more land; the
+Armenian was in his way; the Turk was lazy, shiftless and a spendthrift.
+The Armenian was industrious and hard-working. The Turk's method of
+living made him poor. The gifts of the Armenian tended towards wealth.
+Once in twenty years the Turk found himself a pauper and found the
+Armenian rich; the result was envy and covetousness on the part of the
+Sultan and his people. It became necessary to bribe the Turk to stand by
+the Kaiser and his Baghdad Railroad. The Kaiser's German officers,
+therefore, furnished the bribe.
+
+"Let us go to this Armenian village, or that, and kill the people. We
+German officers will take the large houses of the rich merchants and
+move into them, and your Turkish soldiers can kill the old men, use the
+Armenian girls for the harem, and fling the little children's bodies
+into pits dug in the garden behind the house. We will enter the village
+in the morning as soldiers; when the night comes, as Germans and Turks,
+we will be the only people living in the Armenian village, and we will
+move into their stores and take possession of their houses and their
+looms."
+
+"You cannot hang an entire nation," said Edmund Burke. "You must arrest
+the leaders and hang them." Burke was right as to the punishment of
+criminals, but he was wrong when it comes to murdering industrious and
+honest Armenians. You can murder an entire nation, for the Germans and
+the Turks have practically done it. Ambassador Morgenthau has just said
+that the Kaiser and the Sultan through their forces have murdered nearly
+a million Armenians. But, soon or late, remorse and conscience will take
+hold upon these two unspeakable butchers with hands that drip with
+blood--the butcher Kaiser, the butcher Sultan, that represent earth's
+two murderous twins.
+
+
+3. Pershing's Charges versus the Kaiser
+
+Nothing measures a man so accurately as the names he gives to his
+favourite son. Most significant, therefore, is the fact that the Kaiser
+named his second son Eitel, or Attila. Who was this Attila who has
+captured the imagination of the Kaiser? He was a Hun who devastated
+Italy fifteen hundred years ago. The motto of this black-hearted
+murderer Attila the Hun was: "Where my feet fall, let grass not grow for
+a hundred years." When the Kaiser read Attila's story he exclaimed:
+"That is the man for me!" First, he named his favourite son for Attila
+the Hun. Second, in sending his German soldiers out to China, and later
+in 1914 to Belgium, he gave them this charge: "You will take no
+prisoners; you will show no mercy; you will give no quarter; you will
+make yourselves as terrible as the Huns under Attila." Plainly the
+Kaiser knew his men. He knew that they were capable of outdoing even
+that monster Attila the Hun. So he sent them forth to bayonet babes,
+violate old women, murder old men, crucify officers, violate nuns, sink
+_Lusitanias_, and turn solemn treaties into scraps of paper.
+
+Now over against the Kaiser's charge, black as hell, and big with death,
+witness Pershing's charge, reported loosely by a French boy, with his
+imperfect knowledge of English, translated out of the French newspapers
+on July 18, 1917. Pershing's brief address comes to this:
+
+"Young soldiers of America, you are here in France to help expel an
+invading enemy; but you are also here to lift a shield above the poor
+and weak; you will safeguard all property; you will lift a shield above
+the aged and oppressed; you will be most courteous to women, gentle and
+kind to little children; guard against temptation of every kind; fear
+God, fight bravely, defend Liberty, honour your native land. God have
+you in His keeping." "Pershing."
+
+The difference between yonder lowest hell in its uttermost abyss and
+yonder highest heaven, where standeth the throne of a just God, is not
+greater than the chasm that separates that unspeakable butcher, the
+Kaiser, from General Pershing and the American soldier boys, who have
+never betrayed in France, the noblest ideals of service cherished by the
+people of the American Republic.
+
+
+4. Who Taught the Kaiser That a Treaty Is a Scrap of Paper?
+
+Each month of this war clears away some clouds and reveals Germany as
+wholly given over to crime and treachery. At the beginning of the
+invasion of Belgium, the Kaiser spoke of his treaty safeguarding the
+neutrality of that little land as a "scrap of paper." At the moment no
+one seems to have realized whence the Kaiser had that cynical
+expression. Now the whole damnable story has been made clear.
+Twenty-five years ago the Kaiser, in one of his addresses, used these
+words:
+
+"From my childhood I have been under the influence of five
+men--Alexander, Julius Cćsar, Theodoric II, Napoleon and Frederick the
+Great. These five men dreamed their dream of a world empire; they
+failed. I am dreaming my dream of a world empire, but I shall succeed."
+
+Now why did the Kaiser over and over again proclaim his allegiance to
+Frederick the Great? How is it that he celebrates his ancestor,
+Frederick? This "scrap of paper" incident makes it all quite clear. The
+bitter waters gushing out of the Potsdam Palace go back to a bitter
+spring named Frederick the Great. The poisoned fruit that ripened in
+1914 hangs on a bough whose trunk was planted by Frederick in far-off
+days.
+
+Among many musty old German books recently published is a little book by
+that same Frederick. The Prussian king was writing certain notes for the
+guidance of his sons and successors, among whom is the present Kaiser.
+In his page of counsels Frederick talks very plainly about the breaking
+of treaties:
+
+"Consider a treaty as a scrap of paper under any one of the following
+emergencies: First, when necessity compels it. Second, when you lack
+means to continue the war. Third, when you cannot by any other means
+combat your ally or enemy."
+
+Then Frederick raises one question: "If the interests of your army or
+your people or yourself are at stake or you have to keep your word on
+one hand and your pledge word and treaty is on the other hand, which
+path will you take? Who can be stupid enough to hesitate in answering
+this question? In other words, treaties are to be kept when they promote
+your interest, and shamelessly broken when you gain thereby."
+
+The Kaiser, therefore, had from Frederick, his ancestor, this handbook
+on lying. In turn, the Kaiser gave this notion of the treaty as a scrap
+of paper to his Chancellor, Bethmann-Hollweg, who engraved, as has been
+said, "on eternal brass the infamy of Germany": "We are now in a state
+of necessity, and necessity knows no law. We were compelled to override
+the the just protest of Luxembourg and Belgian Governments. The wrong--I
+speak openly--that we are committing we will endeavour to make good as
+soon as our military goal has been reached. Anybody who is threatened,
+as we are threatened, and who is fighting for his highest possessions,
+can have only one thought, how he is to hack his way through."
+
+Guizot mentions "honour and fidelity to the pledged word" as one of the
+distinguishing elements of what is called "a civilized State." But this
+puts Germany among the barbarous savages. Three indictments and
+convictions have blackened the name of Germany throughout all the world.
+First, her atrocious and dishonourable methods of warfare; second, the
+carrying off into slavery of non-combatants, the Belgians and French,
+and third, the breach of the pledged word and the solemn treaties with
+other nations.
+
+But at last we know that Frederick the Great, the ancestor of the
+Kaiser, was the author of the phrase, "the treaty is a scrap of paper."
+What was once in the gristle in the ancestor is now bred in the bone of
+the Kaiser and Crown Prince. That phrase, "a scrap of paper," holds the
+germ of a thousand wars. It spells the ruin of civilization. Not to
+resent it by war, is for the Allies to commit spiritual suicide.
+
+
+5. The Plot of the Kaiser
+
+All the pamphlets issued secretly to the members of the Pan-German
+League invariably used Rome as their illustration. We are not surprised,
+therefore, to find that the German leaders called attention to the fact
+that it took two wars at intervals of some years to make Rome a world
+empire.
+
+In like manner, therefore, the Kaiser and his Cabinet told the German
+people at home and abroad that the first war, beginning in 1914, would
+establish a Middle-Europe Empire extending from Hamburg on the North Sea
+to Bagdad on the Persian Gulf.
+
+One of the pamphlets issued many years ago fixed the countries to be
+conquered about 1915, and distinctly mentioned Denmark, Holland, Belgium
+and North France, Poland and Rumania, Hungary and Austria, Serbia and
+Bulgaria, and the wheat granaries of Russia, with Turkey and Armenia.
+
+The number of people to be conquered and included after the first war
+was fixed at 250,000,000.
+
+The argument states that it will take but a few years to compact this
+Middle-Europe Empire and that naturally Great Britain, Spain and Italy,
+to the west, with Norway and Sweden to the north, with Italy and
+Switzerland to the south, and of course Greece and Egypt would, from
+time to time, as crises came, fall inevitably into Germany's hand.
+Berlin, as the world capital, should by 1920 be the magnet, and the
+little particles of iron, named the Balkan States, would be drawn and
+held by this great German magnet in Berlin.
+
+The first step to be taken and the first goal to be reached concerned,
+of course, the English Channel, the Dutch cities on the mouth of the
+Rhine, and the iron mines of Northern France. We know to an absolute
+certainty all the details of this plan.
+
+For more than thirty years Germany had been organizing her army; she
+knew every road, inn, bridge, factory, shop, and wholesale store in
+Denmark and Holland, Belgium and France. In all of the larger ones she
+had German agents belonging to the Pan-German League toiling as workmen
+and every detail was planned out in advance.
+
+In 1910 General von Bissing, one of the Kaiser's closest friends, was
+sent to Brussels. For years he spent the summer months apparently at
+the watering places near The Hague in Holland and Ostend in Belgium,
+preparatory to the hour when Germany would seize Belgium and he assume
+his position as Governor-General, living in Brussels.
+
+Men nearing death tell the truth. In January of 1917 von Bissing
+prepared a memorandum for the direction of Belgian affairs in His
+Majesty's name and according to his wish. This document contains the
+meditations of a dying man. The statements he makes, he says, contain
+the views that inspired his every act in Belgium during his
+administration.
+
+In his last will and testament von Bissing, in the spring of 1917,
+advises the German Government in Berlin that the time has come to throw
+off all disguises. He says that at the beginning of the war it was
+probably good policy to deny that the Government ever intended to annex
+Belgium, but, he says, "now that we are victorious there is no reason
+why we should not publish to the world the fact that we never intend to
+give up one foot of the Belgian sea-coast, nor one ton of the Belgian
+coal, nor one acre of the French iron mines."
+
+He says plainly: "The annual Belgian production of 23,000,000 tons of
+coal has given us a monopoly on the continent which has helped to
+maintain our vitality. If we do not hold Belgium, administer Belgium in
+future for our interest and protect Belgium by force of arms, our trade
+and industry will lose the positions they have won in Belgium and
+perhaps will never recover them."
+
+And what about Dutch cities and seaports? On page eighteen of General
+von Bissing's last will and testament he adds:
+
+"Our frontier, in the interest of our sea power, must be pushed forward
+to the sea." This sentence makes it perfectly plain that a little later
+Germany intends to incorporate Rotterdam in her own customs union.
+"Belgium must be seized and held, as it now is, and as it is to-day it
+must be in the future. The conquest of Belgium has simply been forced
+upon us by the necessities of German expansion."
+
+Von Bissing, however, recognizes the difficulty of annexing Belgium and
+securing the consent of the members who shall arrange the treaty of
+peace at the conclusion of the war, and this is his decision:
+
+"Our best method, therefore, is to avoid, during the peace negotiations,
+all discussion about the form of the annexation and to apply nothing
+but the right of conquest. Plainly Belgium's King can never consent to
+abandon his sovereignty, but we can read in Machiavelli that he who
+desires to take possession of a country will be compelled to remove the
+King or regent, even by killing him."
+
+Von Bissing has torn off all masks. He himself states that he is
+speaking for the Kaiser, as his most trusted friend and counsellor.
+Germany intends, therefore, ultimately to kill King Albert of Belgium,
+and this carries with it that the Kaiser and his War Staff believe they
+have the right to kill any King or President who happens to stand in the
+pathway of their ambition. Every lover of mankind whose heart is knitted
+in with the poor and the weak will understand what that editor meant the
+other day when he said:
+
+"The one duty of the hour, therefore, for America, is to kill Germans,
+that we may keep the rest of the world from being killed."
+
+
+
+
+THE JUDAS AMONG NATIONS
+
+II
+
+
+1. The Original Plot of the Members of the Potsdam Gang
+
+Many historic meetings, big with social disaster, are recorded in
+history. Witness the meeting of the Athenian judges for the killing of
+Socrates. Witness the coming together of the priests and Judas for the
+piteous tragedy of the death of Jesus. Witness that midnight meeting of
+the conspirators in Florence for the burning of Savonarola. Terrible
+also the results of that meeting in the Potsdam Palace in 1896 that
+culminated in the Pan-German Empire scheme.
+
+What began as a spark that day has ended in a world conflagration.
+
+In retrospect the Kaiser and his associates had many events behind them
+to encourage the ambition to make Berlin a world capital, Kaiser Wilhelm
+the world emperor and all the other nations and races subject peoples.
+
+Beginning in 1860 with thirty-five millions of people and only fifteen
+billions of dollars, Germany had climbed to greatness upon iron steps,
+heated hot by war. Never did wars yield so large a return.
+
+The war with Denmark had given Germany the Kiel Harbour, the Kiel Canal
+and a sea-coast for her ships.
+
+The war with Austria had given Germany the rich coal provinces of
+Central Europe. The war with France had given Germany the iron mines of
+Alsace and Lorraine.
+
+And here for the next war were Denmark and Holland, Belgium and northern
+France--so many jewel boxes that could be looted. To the eastward were
+Poland with her coal mines, Rumania with her oil fields and Russia with
+her wheat granaries. And once Central Europe became a Middle-Europe
+German Empire there was no reason why later on Germany should not extend
+her conquests to Russia on the east and England on the west, and then to
+North and South America.
+
+It was a great scheme. Never was prize so rich. Never could obstacles be
+so easily swept away. To make Berlin a world-capital and Kaiser Wilhelm
+a world-emperor only two things were needed.
+
+Plainly the first thing to be done was to organize the Pan-German Empire
+League and educate the leading men of Germany--the ship owners, bankers,
+merchants and manufacturers, editors, ministers, priests and university
+professors.
+
+Local branch societies were organized in all the large German towns and
+cities. Weekly meetings were held, papers read and reports made. Slowly
+people of the middle class were included in the league. Documents marked
+"Secret and Confidential" were distributed, setting forth the details of
+the scheme.
+
+Full reports were made as to what Germany could make by seizing the
+fields of Denmark, the cities on the mouth of the Rhine in Belgium, the
+coal and iron mines of France, Poland and Russia, and also the
+undeveloped resources of the Valley of the Euphrates.
+
+Careful statements were prepared as to the difficulties that must be
+surmounted, but always this lure was held out--that the poorest German
+who then had nothing, would when Germany was victorious become a
+landowner, live in a mansion and drive his own automobile. Then he would
+have Russians and Frenchmen to wait upon him, since the German was a
+superman, intended for a patrician, while all other races were pigs,
+intended by nature to be bondsmen and plebeians.
+
+"The rest of the world is amassing wealth, and when the fruit is ripe
+then we Germans will pluck it"--this was their motto.
+
+Little by little the germ of world-ambition became a fever, burning in
+the soul of every German at home or abroad. It took twenty years to
+thoroughly inculcate every individual of the German race with this
+feverish ambition, but when 1914 came every German had gone over to the
+Pan-German scheme and was ready to die for it.
+
+
+2. The Berlin Schemers and Their Plot
+
+After all the Germans at home and abroad understood the Pan-German
+scheme of seditious intrigue in foreign countries and the vast web was
+spun and thrown out over all the cities and continents where the
+Kaiser's representatives were living, the second thing to be done was to
+make the plan clear by spreading it out like a great map. The method
+used, therefore, was pictorial.
+
+The Department of Publicity in Berlin became experts on geography. They
+began to issue illustrated maps so that the rudest German peasants and
+the German colonists living in Milwaukee or El Paso, in Rio Janeiro or
+Buenos Aires, in Brussels or St. Petersburg, in Melbourne or Calcutta,
+could easily understand the method and the goal.
+
+Out of twenty maps issued in Berlin and reproduced by Andre Cheredame,
+no one is more important than the one marked "The Old Roman Empire." The
+simplest German miner understood the map at a glance and realized its
+meaning for the members of the Pan-German League. Here is old Rome
+marked world capital. Here is Cćsar Augustus called the first world
+emperor. Here is Carthage with its capital looted and Roman peasants
+remaining after the victory to move into rich men's houses and estates
+of North Africa. And here also were the maps of conquered Palestine,
+Ephesus, Athens and Corinth. To be sure the old Romans had to become
+soldiers, but, later, did not each Roman soldier live in the rich
+gardens around Thebes, Ephesus and Corinth?
+
+Instantly the imaginations of the German peasants and workmen kindled.
+The Kaiser was right. What had been in Rome must be in Berlin. The Elbe
+must succeed the Tiber. Berlin shall be the second world-capital. Our
+Wilhelm shall be the second world-emperor. Germania shall be written
+straight across Europe from Hamburg on the North Sea to Bagdad on the
+Persian Gulf. Germans alone shall be allowed to carry weapons, as once
+only the Roman was allowed to own a spear; only Germans shall be allowed
+to hold title deeds to lands, even as once only Romans could hold a
+field or a house in fee simple. Old Rome won by becoming a military
+State.
+
+Did not the people of Rome go forth as soldiers and return with
+triumphal processions, with treasures of loot that took days to pass
+along the Appian Way, while the Romans stood cheering and the women and
+children sang and threw flowers in the path? Why should not the German
+army, between the reaping of the wheat in July and the threshing of the
+wheat in October, return from Brussels and Paris laden with treasure,
+while a second triumphal procession marched down Wilhelmstrasse?
+
+The German peasants kindled at this dream. Why should the German have
+to live always on bologna sausage, drink beer, eat sauerkraut and live
+in ugly houses when the people of Paris and London drank champagne, ate
+roast fowl, wore French laces and the finest English wools? It was a
+wicked shame. Surely the German was intended for something better than
+sauerkraut and beer!
+
+"Two weeks and we will be in Brussels. Three weeks and we will have
+Paris. Two months and we will loot London."
+
+This was the plan. How significant that letter, taken from the dead body
+of a German boy found in No Man's Land, near Compičgne.
+
+"Within three days, Liebschen, we will be in Paris. I intend to bring
+you a pocketful of Paris rings and jewels, with Paris gowns and laces."
+
+From the body of a German boy found near Lunéville was taken this letter
+saying that, with his three companions, he had picked out four French
+farms and left the houses standing, and that his friends and himself had
+picked out these farms as permanent homes. Later he added that Heinrich
+thought it would be much better for them to wait until they smashed
+England and made Canada a German colony. Then they could own, not small
+French farms, but vast Canadian farms with a hundred tenants working for
+him in the valleys around Toronto and the vineyards of Winnipeg and
+orchards of Hudson Bay.
+
+Most shrewd and cunning, the plotters of the Potsdam gang. They knew how
+to feed the fires of envy and avarice in the German people. Every few
+weeks they placed new material in the hands of every German at home and
+abroad. They reminded each poor peasant and foreign colonist that he was
+a superman, and that by day and by night he was to prepare for the time
+when he would become the head of all the people of the town or industry
+with which he was related. Poor Germans in foreign countries dreamed
+their dreams of the time when they would be appointed by the Kaiser and
+Foreign Minister to take charge of the village in Mexico, the mine in
+Chile, or when they would be the tax collector in some distant province.
+
+We know now, from letters that have been found, that the German soldiers
+in France carried in their pockets a description by the German historian
+Curtius of the triumphal procession along the Appian Way, when the
+Roman conquerors came home loaded with loot. These skillful German
+plotters printed at the bottom of Curtius's description the statement
+that each German soldier must look forward to a similar return from
+London, Paris and Brussels to march through the streets of Munich and
+Berlin.
+
+What a dream was this German dream! What treasures were to be brought
+into Berlin! What marbles and bronzes of Rodin stolen from Paris! At
+last Berlin was to own beautiful paintings, for the treasures of the
+Louvre were to be the Kaiser's.
+
+Never was there such a dream dreamed by peasants who soon were to become
+princes and kings and patricians. The German had exchanged the rye bread
+of 1913 for the "fog bank" of 1918; had given up German beer to grasp
+only empty, breaking bubbles. But it was a great dream while it lasted.
+In pursuance of his hope he sacrificed three million German boys, left
+dead in the fields of Flanders and France. He sent home four million
+German cripples. He filled the land with vast armies of widows and
+orphans.
+
+It could not have been otherwise. There has never been, and never will
+be, but one world city--Rome; and there has never been but one
+world-emperor--Cćsar Augustus. There is to be one universal kingdom--and
+that is the kingdom of God, the kingdom of love, justice, peace and
+good-will. The German has been pursuing a will-o'-the-wisp.
+
+A world-kingdom will come, but no Kaiser will rule over that empire of
+love. In that world-parliament all the races shall be represented as
+equals; then the earth that has long been a battle-field shall become an
+Eden garden, where all are patriots towards the world-kingdom, and
+scholars towards the intellect, and self-sufficing towards the family,
+and obedient towards their God.
+
+
+3. German Superiority a Myth That Has Exploded
+
+Several years before the great war began a Dutch humorist wrote a play
+on German megalomania. He portrayed a German schoolroom in Prussia.
+Thirty or forty embryonic Prussians are at the desks and a Prussian
+schoolmaster is in the chair.
+
+"Children, what is the greatest country in the world?"
+
+All shouted vociferously, "Germany!"
+
+"What is the greatest city in the world?"
+
+"Berlin!"
+
+"Who is the greatest man in the world?"
+
+"The Kaiser!"
+
+"Should there ever be, children, a vacancy in the Trinity, who is best
+fitted to fill the position?"
+
+"The Crown Prince!"
+
+"Who are the chosen people of the good old German God?"
+
+"The German people!"
+
+Never was there a finer bit of sarcasm and yet the Germans were never
+able to understand the play. The Kaiser, the War Staff, the Cabinet,
+down to the last wretched creature working in the stables and the
+sewers, reading the play, exclaimed:
+
+"What is the man driving at? Why, of course the Germans are the greatest
+people in the world--we admit it!"
+
+Now, during the last few years the Germans have spent untold millions in
+propagating this myth of superiority, and yet the German intellect has
+never even had a second-rate position. Call the roll of all the tools
+that have redeemed men from drudgery and you will find that Germany's
+contributions are hopelessly inferior to the other nations.
+
+The new industrial era began with the locomotive and steamship; James
+Watt invented the one and Stevenson the other.
+
+The new era of physical comfort began with the loom; a Frenchman named
+Jacquard and an Englishman named Arkwright made men warm for their work
+in winter. Garments within the reach of the poor man in forest and
+factory, field and mine, means the cotton gin, and that gin is the gift
+of an American. The sewing machine changed woman's position, but the
+world owes that to our own Elias Howe.
+
+We owe the telegraph to an English inventor and, in part, to Morse. We
+owe the cable in part to Lord Kelvin and, in part, to Cyrus Field. We
+owe the telephone to Bell and the wireless to Marconi.
+
+Holland invented the submarine, Wright the airplane, McCormick the
+reaper and Edison the phonograph.
+
+An American invented the German submarine; an American invented the
+German torpedo; an American invented the German machine-gun; an American
+invented the Murphy button, the yellow fever antitoxin, the Dakin
+solution.
+
+An English physician discovered the circulation of the blood, Jenner
+gave us vaccination, Lister antiseptics, France the Pasteur serums and
+the Curie radio discoveries, while a Bulgarian, Dr. Metchnikoff,
+discovered the enemies of the blood.
+
+It was from France, England and the United States that Germany stole the
+typewriter, the steel building, the use of rubber, the aniline dyes,
+reënforced concrete bridges, air-brakes, the use of electricity.
+
+One of the most amazing volumes in the world is the "History of Tools
+and Machinery." We have all known for a long time that there is not one
+single German name among the eight great masters of painting that begins
+with Rembrandt and includes men like Velasquez and Giotto. We have long
+known that there is no German sculptor of the first class nor a German
+sculptor that is within ten thousand leagues of Rodin, Michael Angelo or
+Phidias. We have long known that Schubert and Schumann and Rubinstein
+and Haydn and Chopin were all Jews, and that three-fourths of the other
+so-called German musicians were Jews whose ancestors suffered such
+frightful political disabilities in Germany and were so regularly looted
+of all their property that they gave up their Hebrew names and took
+German, just as now thousands upon thousands of Germans in this
+country, ashamed of their names, are Americanizing their family title.
+
+The simple fact is that if a Jew will only write the creative music,
+like that of Beethoven, a German whose gift is detail will conduct the
+orchestra.
+
+The German can standardize a machine, providing an Englishman, a
+Frenchman or an American will first invent it. The German will gather up
+the remnants and scraps and odds and ends in a clothing factory--but,
+oh, think of an American gentleman having to wear the coat that was cut
+by a tailor in Berlin or Munich! Having during ten different summers
+looked at their garments, all one can say is that the German men and
+women are covered up but not clothed.
+
+For thirty years the Germans have paid their representatives to stand on
+the corner of the street and bawl out to every passer-by: "Great is the
+Kaiser! Great are we Germans! Let all people with cymbals, sackbut,
+shawms and psaltery cry aloud, saying 'Great is the Kaiser and all his
+people!'"
+
+And now suddenly the myth has burst like a bubble. The delusion is
+exploded. The Kaiser has found out that it is dangerous to blow too
+much hot air into a German bladder.
+
+Measured around the stomach in the Hofbraus in the presence of a barrel
+of beer, the Prussian and the Bavarian are great; but the hat band
+requires the least material of any made in four countries.
+
+For the time has come to confess this simple fact that for any one great
+tool, or art, or contribution to science created by a German there are
+four invented by either an American, an Englishman or a Frenchman.
+
+
+4. German Intrigues
+
+The spider's web stretched out over a flower bed with a great fat spider
+at the centre and the threads along which the spider runs to thrust its
+poisoned sting into the enmeshed butterfly is nature's most accurate
+symbol of the vast web of espionage lying over North and South America
+with secret threads that vibrated to the touch of the spider at the
+centre named Berlin.
+
+In that web thousands of German-Americans were enmeshed. The records of
+our Secret Service concerning these German enemies of the American
+Government read like a book of assassinations or like a history of the
+black arts. When the whole story comes to be told it will horrify the
+world.
+
+The quality of the German-Americans that Berlin bribed is set forth in
+the reminiscences of Witte when he says that the Kaiser and the Foreign
+Department paid Munsterberg of Harvard University $5,000 a year salary
+and that Munsterberg was the most successful and efficient spy that the
+German system had ever developed.
+
+In the long list of German agents are to be found the names of
+German-American bankers who received secret decorations and medals from
+the German Government; of German merchants who were partners in this
+country of firms in the Fatherland and were bribed by a ribbon and an
+invitation to the Potsdam Palace; of German newspaper men who were under
+German pay, and, most amazing of all, among the papers seized in the
+office of a German Consul was found a commission appointing this Consul
+in an American city to the office of Governor-General of one of the
+greatest States of Canada as soon as Canada became a German colony.
+
+Many of the threads from Berlin ran into the various cities of Mexico. A
+German head office was set up under the general direction of Zimmermann
+in Berlin and of von Bernstorff in Washington. Certain large
+institutions that did business in Mexico, working in the same field,
+were quietly elbowed out of Mexico, and an American company, ostensibly
+American, but controlled by Germans, took over the business of the other
+firms under special arrangement with Mexico. Pledges were given Mexico
+that as soon as Germany had reduced Canada and the United States to the
+position of German colonies, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada and
+California should be handed back to the Mexicans.
+
+Millions were spent by the German Foreign Office as ordinary men spend
+dollars. The German spies, like Boy-Ed and von Papen, arranged to blow
+up American munition factories and held dinners waiting for a telephone
+message saying that the magazine had just exploded or the depot had
+taken fire or a scow had been sunk, after which they drank the health of
+the man who lighted the match.
+
+German agents burned up wheat elevators with hundreds of millions of
+dollars' worth of wheat; they fired warehouses, blew up bridges, wrecked
+munition plants, destroyed shiploads of food, dynamited the House of
+Parliament in Ottawa, sank the _Lusitania_ near Ireland, spread glanders
+among the horses in Sweden, poisoned the food in Rumania, sank the ships
+of Norway, plotted against the Argentine Republic. Their spies,
+dynamiters, secret agents, were in every capital and country because it
+was their purpose to make Berlin a world capital, Kaiser Wilhelm the
+world emperor and to Germanize the people of the whole earth.
+
+The web had as its centre the Potsdam Palace, but its black lines ran
+out into all the earth.
+
+
+5. German Burglars Loaded With Loot Are the More Easily Captured
+
+It seems that Germany has published, for the Spaniards, a list of
+treasures she has won. In the long calendar the reader finds that eight
+States--Belgium, France, Poland, Rumania, Russia, Serbia, Armenia,
+Italy--have all been looted.
+
+The Germans claim they have spoiled over three hundred first class
+cities, several thousand secondary cities and towns; they add that they
+have destroyed seventy-three cathedrals and looted them of their
+priceless treasures of statues, paintings, stained glass, vessels of
+silver and gold.
+
+With brazen audacity the German pamphlet tells the Spaniards that they
+have seized so many hundred thousand watches, so many hundred thousand
+rings, so much treasure of diamonds and jewels, so many paintings from
+rich men's houses, and the long boast ends with the statement that they
+"obtained nearly five billions of loot out of western Russia and have
+assessed two billions more upon the farmers, villages and cities of
+Ukraine."
+
+But the boast is an idle and empty boast. It is true that no army of the
+Allies has crossed the German frontier to permanently hold a city. But
+let no man think that Germany has succeeded because of the richness of
+her loot. There is a success that is failure. There is a victory that is
+defeat.
+
+Macbeth killed Duncan and went to live in the palace of the dead king,
+but did Macbeth succeed? Was not his palace a brief halting place in his
+journey towards remorse, insanity and the day when Duncan's friends in
+turn slew Macbeth?
+
+The rich judges of Athens succeeded and Socrates failed. They went home
+to drink wine and feast, while Socrates went to the jail to drink a cup
+of poison. But who succeeded? The judges whose names are written low
+down and bespattered with dirt--or Socrates, whose name fills the sky
+and who has become the thinker for the world?
+
+What if the Kaiser does boast of his successes to-day? So boasted
+Nero--sending Paul to his rags, crusts and the dungeon preparatory to
+the headman's axe. But it is Nero that lost out, and it is Paul who
+reigns a crowned king.
+
+The chief priests celebrated their victory; at the close of the day,
+after they had succeeded in crucifying Jesus; but after nineteen
+centuries the murderers are unknown and almost forgotten, while that
+young carpenter rules over His Empire of Love.
+
+To-day the Kaiser claims to have won the victory of "a superman." In
+that he has carried murder, arson, lying, rapine, lust up to the _nth_
+power, let us concede his claim. Not otherwise two hundred years ago
+the Indian, with his scalping knife, his war-whoop and his tomahawk,
+was "a superman" in terms of savagery. Not otherwise the Spaniards under
+Bloody Alva were "supermen" in terms of rack, thumbscrew and instruments
+of torture.
+
+But what savages once did in the little, the Kaiser and his men now do
+in the large. But because the Kaiser can publish a long list of wealth
+gained--by breaking his treaties, by murder, arson and lust--let no man
+think that he is successful.
+
+The two Biddle brothers looted the Bank of England, but they became
+outcasts upon the face of the earth, and always the dungeon yawned for
+them, just as the Kaiser and von Hindenburg never sleep at night without
+a vision of an oak tree, a long bough and a hemp rope dangling at the
+end, for the hemp is now twisted that will one day choke to death the
+murderous Kaiser and his War Staff.
+
+Let no patriot, whether he lives in Spain, Russia or the United States,
+forget that ours is a world ruled by men who were defeated.
+
+To-day on the thrones of the world are the heroes, like Paul and
+Demosthenes; the martyrs who were burned with Savonarola in Florence or
+poisoned with Socrates in Athens.
+
+To-day, the soldiers of Marathon and Marston Moor, Gettysburg and the
+Marne now rule the world.
+
+The treasure of the burglar and the brigand dissolves like snowflakes in
+a river.
+
+Long ago the Hebrew poet said: "I have seen the wicked flourish like a
+green bay tree, and then I lifted up my eyes, and, behold! he was not."
+And when a little time has passed all lovers of liberty and humanity
+will exclaim: "During four years I have seen the Kaiser and von
+Hindenburg flourish as the green bay tree, and I lifted up mine eyes,
+and, behold! they were not. For the breath of His nostrils had slain
+them."
+
+
+6. Germans Who Hide Behind the Screen
+
+Two thousand years are a long time in terms of history.
+
+Many damnable tools have been invented during these twenty centuries.
+The rack, the thumbscrew, the tomahawk, the fagot belong among these
+devilish instruments.
+
+Cruelties so terrible have been devised that old scholars often felt
+unwilling to believe that men were so low in the scale as to have been
+the authors of these methods of fiendishness.
+
+In the hope, therefore, of keeping respect for man many scholars
+transferred all responsibility unto devils. They called in Satan and
+made him to be the father of hate and cruelty. They could not believe
+that Nero, Judas or Torquemada could conceive such wickedness. They
+therefore made the devil with his cloven feet and his long tail to
+whisper these cunning suggestions in the ear of the traitor. Thus the
+responsibility for unwonted cruelty was divided between the murderer and
+the devil who counselled the black crime.
+
+Perhaps the most damnable thing that was ever suggested by the devil in
+two thousand years is this little object called the German soldier's
+token. Never did an object so small send forth cruelties so large and
+manifold.
+
+The little disc is stamped out on thick paper for German privates and
+upon aluminum for the officers. At the top of this cardboard is the
+portrait of that awful being called by the Kaiser "our good old German
+God."
+
+Look at his white hair, the long beard and the great sword in the right
+hand, with the suggestion that since God uses the sword the German
+soldier must cut men to pieces also.
+
+Beneath you see flames gushing up, suggesting to the German soldier that
+he is quite right in burning the houses of France and Belgium after he
+has looted them, and for flinging the dead bodies into the blazing
+rafters. Now read the words written beneath the face of the being the
+Germans call God.
+
+"Strike them all dead. The Day of Judgment shall ask you no questions."
+
+Strike dead old men and women! Dash the children's brains out against
+the stone wall! Violate young girls! Mutilate their fair bodies so that
+they will be unseemly when they are found by the husband or father.
+Burn, steal, kill--but remember that your Kaiser and the War Staff have
+promised to stand between you and God Almighty and the Day of Judgment!
+Even if Jesus did say, "Woe unto them that offend against my little
+ones," you must remember that your Kaiser and officers have promised you
+immunity on the Day of Judgment.
+
+That is what is meant by the sentence on page thirty-one in the German
+handbook of "War on Land": "That which is permissible to the German
+soldier is anything whatsoever that will help him gain his goal
+quickly."
+
+Nothing better illustrates the total collapse of manhood in the Germans
+than this soldier's token.
+
+A coward by nature, the German is afraid to kill and steal, and so he
+invented a screen behind which he could hide and named it "the soldier's
+token."
+
+Going into a French village the Germans collect the women and children,
+order them to march in advance, shoot a few to terrorize the rest, and
+then, hiding behind this living screen, the Germans march forward. In
+this way they protect themselves.
+
+The whole history of the human race contains no chapter of atrocity like
+the atrocity of the Germans. The history of the world contains no story
+of cowardice so black and damnable as the cowardice of the Germans. Out
+of cowardice the soldier's token was born.
+
+And so the Kaiser and the War Staff invented this round piece of
+cardboard, with the representation of God as going forth with His sword
+to kill men and with His flames to burn them and with the motto: "Strike
+them all dead, for the Day of Judgment will ask you no questions."
+
+Therefore among the instruments of cruelty, called the rack, the fagot,
+the thumbscrew and the tomahawk, let us give the first place to the
+German soldier's token, the most damnable weapon that has come out of
+hell during the last two thousand years.
+
+
+7. Must German Men Be Exterminated?
+
+A singular revulsion of sentiment as to what must be done with the
+German army after the war, is now sweeping over the civilized world. Men
+who once were pacifists, men of chivalry and kindness, men whose life
+has been devoted to philanthropy and reform, scholars and statesmen,
+whose very atmosphere is compassion and magnanimity towards the poor and
+weak, are now uttering sentiments that four years ago would have been
+astounding beyond compare. These men feel that there is no longer any
+room in the world for the German. Society has organized itself against
+the rattlesnake and the yellow fever. Shepherds have entered into a
+conspiracy to exterminate the wolves. The Boards of Health are planning
+to wipe out typhoid, cholera and the Black Plague. Not otherwise, lovers
+of their fellow man have finally become perfectly hopeless with
+reference to the German people. They have no more relations to the
+civilization of 1918 than an orang-outang, a gorilla, a Judas, a hyena,
+a thumbscrew, a scalping knife in the hands of a savage. These brutes
+must be cast out of society.
+
+Some of us, hoping against hope, after the reluctant confession of the
+truth of the German atrocities, have appealed to education. We knew that
+Tacitus said, nearly two thousand years ago, that "the German treats
+women with cruelty, tortures his enemies, and associates kindness with
+weakness." But nineteen centuries of education have not changed the
+German one whit. The mere catalogue of the crimes committed by German
+officers and soldiers and set forth in more than twenty volumes of
+proofs destroys the last vestige of hope for their future. Think of the
+catalogue! Babies nailed like rats to the doors of houses! Children
+skewered on a bayonet midst the cheers of marching Germans--as if the
+child were a quail, skewered on a fork! Matrons, old men and priests
+slaughtered; young Italian officers with throats cut and hanging on
+hooks in butchers' shops; the bombing of Red Cross hospitals and nurses
+and the white flag; everything achieved by civilized man defiled and
+destroyed--reverence for childhood and age, the sanctity of womanhood,
+the standards of honour, fidelity to treaties and all destroyed, not in
+a mood of drunkenness or a fit of rage, but on a deliberate, cold,
+calculated policy of German frightfulness.
+
+The sense of hopelessness as to civilizing the German and keeping him as
+an element in the new society grew out of the breakdown of education and
+science in changing the German of the time of Tacitus. Plainly the time
+has come to make full confession of the fact that education can change
+the size but not the sort. The German in the time of Tacitus was
+ignorant when he took the children of his enemy and dashed their brains
+out against the wall; the German of 1914 and 1918 still butchers
+children, the only difference being that the butchery is now more
+efficient and better calculated, through scientific cruelty, to stir
+horror and spread frightfulness. The leopard has not changed its spots.
+The rattlesnake is larger and has more poison in the sac; the German
+wolf has increased in size, and where once he tore the throat of two
+sheep, now he can rend ten lambs in half the time. In utter despair,
+therefore, statesmen, generals, diplomats, editors are now talking about
+the duty of simply exterminating the German people. There will shortly
+be held a meeting of surgeons in this country. A copy of the preliminary
+call lies before me. The plan to be discussed is based upon the Indiana
+State law. That law authorizes a State Board of Surgeons to use upon the
+person of confirmed criminals and hopeless idiots the new painless
+method of sterilizing the men. These surgeons are preparing to advocate
+the calling of a world conference to consider the sterilization of the
+ten million German soldiers, and the segregation of their women, that
+when this generation of German goes, civilized cities, states and races
+may be rid of this awful cancer that must be cut clean out of the body
+of society.
+
+
+
+
+THE BLACK SOUL OF THE HUN
+
+III
+
+
+1. German Barbarism Not Barbarism to the German
+
+Strictly speaking, the only man who thoroughly understands the cruelty
+of the Germans is the German himself. No American or Englishman, no
+Belgian or Frenchman has the gift of telepathy that enables him to know
+what is going on in the German mind that guides the German's hand in
+committing his horrible atrocities. Now and then, in a moment when he is
+off guard, an occasional German reveals the explanation, and we look in,
+just as John Bunyan's pilgrim saw the door into Hades opened by a little
+crack, through which he looked upon the flames. Not otherwise was it
+with that German in Baltimore, who recently exposed the German mind, and
+from the German view-point explained the Germans in their hour of
+brutality.
+
+During a most intimate and personal conversation with a banker, this
+German, the other day, explained his people's atrocities by saying that
+what is barbarism and atrocities to England, France or the United States
+is not barbarism at all to the Germans. In proof of this astounding
+statement the German gave this personal incident of his boyhood. He said
+that in his gymnasium there was another boy who had something that he
+wanted. When the opportunity came, being the stronger, he jumped upon
+the other boy, beat him up terribly and made him a cripple for life. On
+reaching his home he showed his parents what he had stolen, and he was
+patted on the back, praised for his might with his fists, and told that
+that was the method he was to follow in after life.
+
+He insisted that this sort of thing was drilled into every German boy,
+and for that reason it never once even occurred to him that he had done
+wrong. "After I became a man I settled in America, and as I came to
+understand the spirit of American civilization it grew upon me that I
+had committed a crime, and now for twenty-two years, as some atonement
+for my sin, I have been supporting that crippled man and his widowed
+mother."
+
+The modern banker has become a sort of confessor, and to the banker many
+sins are revealed as once to the priest. Nothing is more significant
+than this German confession and his philosophy of the German atrocity.
+In his own written letter concerning that crime of his boyhood this
+German adds: "Had I remained in Germany no one would ever have thought
+of suggesting to me that I had done wrong, and it would never have
+entered into my head that I was under any obligation to the man I had
+maimed. In the light of American civilization I understand the
+difference, and I am seeking to atone for my sin, but all Germans have
+been taught, as I was taught. The Germans, therefore, in their campaign
+of frightfulness, are committing deeds which from the view-point of
+American civilization are barbarous, but from the view-point of Germans
+are not crimes at all."
+
+The significance of this frank confession of a German, his story of how
+America had redeemed his soul out of the spirit of force and cruelty
+into the spirit of kindness, humanity and justice, reveals more of the
+real nature of the German beast and the Potsdam gang than a thousand
+volumes on the philosophy of German atrocities. The simple fact is that
+the crimes of the Germans are abominable atrocities to us, but that
+intellectually and morally the German officer and soldier simply do not
+know what we mean by our horror and the wave of moral indignation that
+has swept over the earth. Jesse Pomeroy used to pull canary birds apart,
+and tortured children to death. But the boy was deficient in the nerve
+of humanity. He simply stared with blank eyes when the judge and the
+jury condemned him. He was incapable of knowing what the excitement over
+the dead body was about. On the side of compassion and humanity the
+German is, as it were, colour blind, is without musical sense, and the
+nerves of kindness and humanity are atrophied. The ordinary German
+prisoner when shown the bodies left behind after the flight of the
+German army simply looks blankly at the mutilated corpse and exclaims:
+"Well, what of it? Why not? Why shouldn't we?" and shrugs his shoulders,
+taking it as a matter of course. That is another reason why a great
+number of American business men, bankers, merchants, manufacturers,
+scholars, statesmen, have reluctantly been forced to the conviction that
+the ten millions of German soldiers should be painlessly sterilized,
+that the German people (saving only the remnant who accept Jesus' idea
+of compassion and kindness towards God's poor and weak) should be
+allowed to die out of the world. Re-read, therefore, what this German
+has said about the teaching of his German parents and the German people
+in praise of cruelty, and how for twenty years now, redeemed by life in
+the United States, he has tried to make atonement by supporting the man
+whom he had crippled, and also his mother. Who shall explain to us the
+reason why German barbarism is not barbarism to the Germans? Why, this
+German shall explain it, through his personal experience as a criminal.
+But the day will come when the Potsdam gang and ten million German
+soldiers will stand before the judgment seat of God. And what shall be
+the verdict then pronounced? You will find it in the New Testament:
+"'Out of thine own mouth will I judge thee,' thou wicked and cruel
+German!"
+
+
+2. The German "Science of Lying"
+
+For the first time in history a nation has organized lying into a
+science and taught deceit as an art.
+
+At the very time when the diplomats of the world have refused any form
+of secrecy and insist upon publishing all international treaties and
+doing everything in the open, Germany has organized lying into a
+national science. Even Maximilian Harden, editor of _Zukunft_, openly
+acknowledges this in one of his editorials reproduced in the papers of
+Denmark and Holland.
+
+Harden comes right out in the open. He tells the German people that at
+the beginning of the war it was necessary to say to the world that
+Germany was fighting a defensive war, that her back was against the
+wall, that those wicked enemies named England and France, Russia and
+Belgium were leaping upon her like wolves.
+
+Of course, says Harden, at first that was good diplomacy, but now that
+we are successful, "Why say this any longer? Let the Kaiser and his
+Chancellor tell the world plainly that we decided upon this war
+twenty-five years ago; that during all of these years we were preparing
+cannons and shells; that we drilled ten million men against 'Der Tag';
+that we wanted this war, that we planned this war, that we forced this
+war and that we are proud of it."
+
+With one stroke Harden has torn off the mask. He exhibits the Kaiser as
+the prince of liars. If his words mean anything, they mean that what has
+long been surmised is absolutely true, namely, that Germany wished some
+one would kill the Austrian Prince and Princess so as to start the war,
+for which Berlin had prepared everything, down to the last buckle on the
+harness of the horses.
+
+General von Bissing is not less open. Dying men are not apt to tell
+lies. When he saw that the end was coming the Governor-General of
+Belgium prepared what he called his "last will and testament."
+
+As a close and intimate friend of the Kaiser, he left a letter with his
+will asking the German Government carefully to consider his wishes. He
+says plainly that all of the statements that Berlin never intended to
+annex Belgium were pure camouflage. He urges the Berlin office to flatly
+declare its purpose never to give up a foot of the Belgian coast nor an
+acre of the conquered territory of north France and Belgium.
+
+"It is of no consequence," he says, "that we have given a solemn pledge
+not to annex Belgium. Why not tell the world that we will have failed in
+the one thing for which we set out if we evacuate Belgium? We need
+Belgium's coast line for our shipping."
+
+He adds that Germany has used twenty-three million tons of Belgian coal
+and has taken as much more iron ore out of France's basin in Briey. "We
+cannot live and compete with France and England if we give up the coal
+and iron mines that we have conquered and the harbours that we have
+won."
+
+Having affirmed, therefore, that the German Government lied at the
+beginning in claiming that they entered Belgium fighting a defensive
+warfare, General von Bissing cast about for some one behind whom he can
+hide as a screen and who can be used as an authority for lying. He finds
+his guide and leader in "The Prince," written by Machiavelli. That book
+has often been called the treatise on the art of lying. Never was such
+cunning exhibited. Never was the father of lies invoked with such skill
+as by the German leaders. In their sight truth is contemptible,
+kindness is weakness, honour is a figment.
+
+But the individual, the city, or the empire that builds its life on lies
+builds its house on sand. Soon the rains will descend and the floods
+come, the winds will blow, and the house will fall, and great will be
+the fall of it.
+
+The German is like a thirsty man who tries to quench his thirst by
+drinking scalding water. He is like a hungry man who tries to satisfy
+his appetite by eating red-hot coals.
+
+
+3. The Malignity of the German Spies
+
+Disturbed by many events in their city, the Secret Service men guard
+very carefully the speakers for the Liberty Loan, the Red Cross or the
+Y. M. C. A. hut work. Fearing lest some German agent might injure the
+good name of their town, the Secret Service men of a certain community
+recently told the following incident, merely as a warning to all public
+speakers who might, by their words, arouse the enmity of half-balanced
+German fanatics. Because it was intended to put us all upon our guard,
+and because no interest could possibly be injured, but many persons be
+benefited, the incident is here set forth in detail. The speaker was a
+young lawyer, of position, influence and fine education, who was serving
+his country during the period of the war.
+
+"One morning I received my assignment through a sealed envelope.
+Experience told me that I was to take up the work of some other Secret
+Service man and complete the task. Of course, one Secret Service man
+does not know who else is in the service. Since the war began we go by
+numbers, rather than by our names. When I opened my envelope I found
+these directions: 'Go to No. ---- ----. Wait until there is no customer
+in the tobacco store. Then put down on the counter two ten-cent pieces,
+and say to the woman, "I want that package of green leaf tobacco." When
+you have left the store, open the package, and you will find full
+directions therein.' I followed the instructions strictly, and out on
+the street I opened the package, and found a large key and a small one,
+with these words written: 'Go to No. so-and-so (mentioning a third-class
+little apartment house in one of the worst districts in the city). The
+large key will open room No. 14. The small key will open a little
+writing table in the room. In the drawer of that table you will find
+full directions.'
+
+"I soon found the apartment house, climbed to the second floor, found my
+large key turning in the lock, and the small key opened the drawer in
+the desk. In that drawer I found these words: 'The man we want is in the
+adjoining room. He will come in about seven o'clock, but he may not come
+until eleven or twelve. It is important that we have his testimony.
+Don't wound him seriously or kill him. You will find a hole bored
+through the door between your room and his. That hole is filled with
+putty, but underneath the putty is wax. Warm the wire in the drawer in
+the gas jet and melt the wax.'
+
+"I waited until eleven o'clock for the man to come in. For a while he
+sat on the bed, with his back towards me. He was reading. Finally he
+lifted his pillow to shake it up, and I caught sight of a big revolver
+under the pillow. For several reasons I decided to do nothing until he
+had fallen asleep. I kept my ear glued to that little hole for one hour
+after he turned out his light. When he was sleeping soundly I went into
+the hall, with my skeleton key turned the lock in the door, and then
+with my lantern in the left hand and my revolver in the right made one
+bound into the room, struck my light and my revolver into his face under
+the light and shouted: 'Hands up!' Within three minutes I had him
+handcuffed and within ten had him bound. In that room, when the police
+came at my call, we found enough chemicals and powerful explosives to
+have blown up the entire block. In his satchel were found incriminating
+letters, secret documents, and, with their help, we soon landed the
+entire crowd. All have now been taken care of. Their flames were stamped
+out before they were kindled." That one incident was only one of a
+series of closely-related dramatic events. Outwardly, life in that city
+is very safe, simple and straightforward, but as to the forces of evil,
+the anarchists, the I. W. W.'s and German plotters the patriot can only
+say that but for the Secret Service and the police and the Department of
+Justice, society could not go on for one single month.
+
+
+4. The Cancer in the Body-Politic of Germany
+
+To-day, physicians and surgeons count the cancer man's deadliest enemy.
+Every year this baffling disease takes large and larger toll of human
+life. From time to time experts come together to plan its limitation,
+but meanwhile the terrible disease increases. Addressing a company of
+experts recently, a great physician exclaimed: "Even if we can stop its
+growth by radium, it still remains for us to get rid of the growth
+itself. There seems to be no way to lift the evil cells out save through
+the knife, after which nature must heal the wound. Science knows no
+other way." Plainly, no magic can be invoked. No miracle assists the
+surgeon. His one recourse is to the knife, and after that the healing
+forces of nature.
+
+Let us confess that the knife has a large place in the extermination of
+social diseases. Militarism is a cancer on the German body-politic, just
+as slavery was once a cancer fastened on the fair body of the great
+South. That disease had fastened itself upon the South many years before
+the Civil War. Like a cancer, it spread its roots throughout the whole
+social and economic structure of the Southern States. It poisoned trade.
+Its virus was in the body of law. It destroyed kindness and sympathy for
+the weak. Slavery debased the poor white working-man. It made the white
+fathers of mulatto children so cruel that they sold their own flesh and
+blood. Overseers became brutes. Slave drivers stood up and bid upon
+their own children in the auction markets. Slowly the disease spread.
+Men became alarmed. They tried everything excepting the knife held in
+the hand of war surgeons. Clay recognized the cancer in the body
+politic. He proposed compromise as a poultice. Garrison and Phillips
+proposed the amputation of the diseased limb. John Brown tried to put
+sulphuric acid upon the sore spots and eat it out through the flames of
+insurrection. Lincoln knew that it was a case of life or death. The
+Republic could not endure half slave and half free. All measures failed.
+Finally the god of war went forth and lifted a knife heated red hot and
+cut the foul cancer out of the body and saved the fair South. When many
+years had passed nature healed the wound and saved the life of the
+Republic.
+
+Germany, Austria and Turkey to-day are patients in a world hospital. It
+is plain that they are stricken with death. The foul cancer of
+militarism has fastened itself upon Germany. The cancer of autocracy is
+eating into the vitals of Austria. The cancer of polygamy is enmeshed in
+the life of Turkey. Of late the disease has been spreading. Now these
+surgeons, named Foch, Haig and Pershing, have been anointed by the
+ointment of war black and sulphurous, and, lifting their scalpel, these
+men have been ordained to cut out the foul growth from the body-politic
+of Germany. Perchance there is still enough vital force left therein to
+heal the wound after the disease has been removed. Meanwhile, the sick
+man of Turkey struggles. The patient hates the knife. The diseased body
+will not have the only instrument that holds possible cure, and yet,
+despite all his struggle, the disease must come out. Slowly the surgical
+process goes on. One root at Verdun was cut, and now another is being
+sundered in the West. Much blood flows, but the blood is black and foul.
+Every cell in the German body-politic seems to be diseased. Medicines
+must be found. The stimulants of sound ethics and morals must be
+invoked--after that it is a question of the recuperative forces of
+intellect and conscience in the German people. These forces alone can
+heal the wound left after the foul cancer has been cut away. To-day, men
+with a large mind, blessed with magnanimity, kindness and good-will must
+stay their hearts upon history, that shows us that in the past in our
+own country slavery was a cancer cut out by the surgeons of war, and
+that after a long time the great South recovered its health, its beauty
+and its usefulness.
+
+
+5. Polygamy and the Collapse of the Family in Germany
+
+The unexpected influences of this war upon Germany herself is a striking
+consideration. Few men anticipated the far-off results of the Kaiser's
+alliance with the Sultan and his polygamous philosophy. During the past
+two years the German newspapers, magazines and debates in the Reichstag
+have been filled with startling suggestions concerning the family. The
+_Berliner Lokalanzeiger_, on March 7, 1916, published a statement urging
+that "every girl should be given the right on reaching twenty-five
+years to have one child born out of wedlock, for which she should
+receive from the state an annual allowance."
+
+Dr. Krohne, in his address before the House, says: "The decline of the
+birth rate in Germany has proceeded three times as fast as in the
+preceding twenty-five years. No civilized nation has hitherto
+experienced so large a decline in so short a time. Our annual number of
+births falls already to-day by 560,000 below what we had a right to
+expect. We should have to-day 2,500,000 more inhabitants than we have."
+Commenting thereupon, the _Berliner Lokalanzeiger_ demands that
+"illegitimate children should be put socially and morally on a level
+with the legitimate."
+
+When, therefore, the Kaiser cast about for an alliance with some man who
+could be his bosom friend and could love what he loves, the Kaiser chose
+the Sultan with his polygamy and the Moslem teaching with its harem. No
+British or French officer, therefore, was surprised when documents like
+the following began to be found on the dead bodies of young German
+officers. This document is a verbatim and absolutely accurate copy of
+one of the many now deposited in the various departments of Justice and
+the War Departments in Havre and Paris:
+
+"Soldiers, a danger assails the Fatherland by reason of its dwindling
+birth rate. The cradles of Germany are empty to-day; it is your duty to
+see that they are filled. You bachelors, when your leave comes, marry at
+once the girl of your choice. Make her your wife without delay. The
+Fatherland needs healthy children. You married men and your wives should
+put jealousy from your minds and consider whether you have not also a
+duty to the Fatherland. You should consider whether you may not
+honourably contract an alliance with one of the million of bachelor
+women. See if your wife will not sanction the relation. Remember, all of
+you, the empty cradles of Germany must be filled.
+
+"Your name has been given us as a capable man, and you are herewith
+requested to take on this office of honour, and to do your duty in a
+proper German way. It must here be pointed out that your wife or fiancée
+will not be able to claim a divorce. It is, in fact, hoped that the
+women will bear this discomfort heroically for the sake of the war. You
+will be given the district of ----. Should you not feel capable of
+carrying on the task allotted to you, you will be given three days on
+which to name some one in your place. On the other hand, if you are
+prepared to take on a second district as well you will become
+'drekoffizier' and receive a pension. An exhibition of photographs of
+women and maidens in the district allotted to you is to be seen at the
+office of ----. You are requested to bring this letter with you."
+
+This is an amazing document. Plainly the German family has broken down.
+But no household can be built on free love in 1918, just as no stone
+building can be erected on hay, stubble or sand. The German family has
+gone, and German society is tottering towards its final ruin.
+
+
+6. The Red-Hot Swords in Sister Julie's Eyes
+
+The history of heroism holds nothing finer than the story of Sister
+Julie, decorated by the French Government with the Cross of the Legion
+of Honour. She lived in the little village of Gerbéviller, now called
+"Gerbéviller the Martyred." On August 27th the French army broke the
+line of the German Crown Prince and compelled the Huns' retreat. General
+Clauss was ordered to go northeast and dig in on the top of the ridge
+some twelve miles north of Gerbéviller. The Germans reached the village
+at nine o'clock in the morning, and by half-past twelve they had looted
+all the houses and were ready to burn the doomed city. The incendiary
+wagons were filled with the firebrands stamped 1912. Beginning at the
+southern end of the village, the German officers and soldiers looted
+every house, shop, store and public building, and then set fire to the
+town. At last they came to the extreme northern end, where a few houses
+and the little hospital over which Sister Julie had charge, were still
+standing.
+
+About noon a German colonel with the blazing firebrand in his right hand
+stood in front of Sister Julie's house. It has been said that there are
+flaming swords in the eyes of every good woman. In that terrible hour
+the face of Sister Julie proved the proverb. She told the German officer
+that these few houses that were left were filled with wounded French
+soldiers, with here and there a wounded German. The Hun answered that
+his men would remove the Germans who were wounded, but that the
+buildings must be fired. Behind him were several hundred buildings
+blazing like one fiery furnace. Sister Julie stood squarely across the
+path of the Hun. "While I live you shall not enter. You shall not kill
+these dying men. I swear it by this crucifix! Your hands are already red
+with blood. God dwells within this house. Look at this figure of Jesus,
+who said, 'Woe unto him that offends against one of my little ones.
+These shall go away into everlasting hell.' I myself will bear witness
+against you. You have murdered our fifteen old men. All their lives long
+these old men did us good and not evil. Look at the little girls you
+have slain. God Himself will strike you dead." General Clauss stood
+dumb. He was embarrassed beyond all words. Fear also got hold upon him.
+He turned and disappeared into a group of his soldiers. Two or three
+minutes passed by. A German colonel came to Sister Julie. He told her
+that the houses used for wounded soldiers would be spared by General
+Clauss provided Sister Julie would agree to continue her ministrations
+to the wounded Germans lying in her hospital. As General Clauss already
+knew that this had already been done, and would be, the Germans marched
+away, leaving the hospital buildings uninjured. It was a victory of the
+soul of a noble woman.
+
+One morning last summer Sister Julie showed her decorations. Her face
+was kind, gentle and motherly. Her atmosphere was peace and serenity.
+She seemed a tower of strength. It must have been easy for dying French
+boys in those rooms to have identified Sister Julie with Mary the
+Mother, who saw her son dying on the cross. Later on we met an aged
+woman of martyred Gerbéviller. She had been nursing in the hospital and
+had stood behind Sister Julie when she forbade General Clauss to light
+the firebrands. "What did Sister Julie say?" we asked the old woman.
+"Oh, sir, I do not know, and yet I do know. She told them that she would
+ask God to strike them dead. In that moment I was afraid of her. She
+seemed to me more to be feared than General Clauss and all his wicked
+army. I can tell you what our good priest says about Sister Julie." "And
+what is that?" The old woman could not quote the verse accurately, but
+from what she said we were soon guided to a chapter in the old Bible,
+and there was the verse that described Sister Julie, with arms uplifted
+at the door of her hospital and denying access to General Clauss. The
+verse was this: "And lo! an angel with a flaming sword stood at the gate
+and kept the garden."
+
+
+7. The Hidden Dynamite; the Hun's Destruction of Cathedrals
+
+In one group of ruined cellars that was once a splendid French city,
+there is a beautiful building standing. It is rich with the art and
+architecture of the sixteenth century. The lines are most graceful and
+the structure is the fulfillment of Keats' line: "A thing of beauty is a
+joy forever." Such a building belongs not to the French nation, but to
+the whole human race. An architect like the man who planned this noble
+building is born only once in a thousand years. Every visitor to that
+ruined town asks himself this question: "Why did the Germans allow this
+building to remain?" An incident of the story of Bapaume throws a flood
+of light upon the problem.
+
+One year ago, when the Germans were retreating from Bapaume, they looted
+every house, burned or dynamited every building save the Hôtel de Ville.
+That city hall the Germans left standing in all its majesty and beauty.
+In front of the building they placed a placard containing in substance
+the statement that they left this building as a monument to Germany's
+love of art and architecture.
+
+Secretly, however, in the cellar of this noble building the Germans
+buried several tons of dynamite. To this dynamite they attached a
+seven-day clock. They set the seven-day clock to explode at eleven
+o'clock one week after the Germans had retreated. These beasts worked
+out the theory that the largest possible number of British and French
+officers and public men would be inspecting the building at that hour of
+the day.
+
+The plot was successful. Their devilish cunning was rewarded and their
+hate glutted. The clock struck the detonator, the dynamite exploded,
+blew the building and the visitors into atoms. Standing in the ruined
+public square, one sees nothing but that great shell pit where the earth
+opened up its mouth and swallowed a monument builded to beauty and
+grandeur. This other building, therefore, that stands in the city fifty
+miles to the south of Bapaume is there for the sole reason that the
+seven-day clock failed to explode the dynamite--not because of any love
+of architecture that possessed the Germans. It is there to tell us that
+some part of the mechanism of death failed to connect.
+
+In analyzing the German mind nothing is more certain than the fact that
+they lack a fine sense of humour and are often quite devoid of
+imagination.
+
+As for sculpture, nothing can be more hideous than the statues of the
+fifteen Prussian kings that do not decorate, but simply vulgarize, the
+avenue leading towards Magdeburg. The vast broad statue of Hindenburg,
+to which the Germans come to drive nails and scratch their names in lead
+pencils, reminds one of the occasional public buildings in this country
+defaced by thoughtless and vulgar boys. Nor is there anything in the
+world as ugly as the German sculptor's statue of the present Kaiser out
+at Potsdam Palace, unless it be the statue of an Indian in front of a
+tobacco store down in Smithville, Indian Territory, though even this is
+doubtful. It hardly seems possible that one earth only 7,000 miles in
+diameter could hold two statues as ugly as that of the Kaiser!
+
+It is this singular lack of imagination and failure to understand the
+beautiful that explains the systematic destruction by the German army of
+the glorious cathedrals, the fourteenth century churches, libraries,
+châteaux and hôtels des villes that were the glory and beauty of France.
+
+"If we cannot have these vineyards and orchards," said the Germans,
+"Frenchmen shall not have them."
+
+So they turned the land into a desert. Not otherwise the German seems to
+feel that if he cannot build structures as beautiful as these glorious
+buildings in France that he will not leave one of them standing.
+
+Next to the Parthenon in Athens and St. Peter's in Rome, perhaps the
+world's best loved and most admired building was the Cathedral of
+Rheims. There Joan of Arc crowned Charles IX; there for centuries the
+noblest men of France had gone to receive their offices and their
+honours. A building that belonged to the world. What treasures of beauty
+for the whole human race in the thousand and more statues in the
+cathedral! How priceless the twelfth-century stained glass! What
+paintings which have come down from the masters of Italy! Whoever
+visited the library and the Cardinal's palace without exclaiming: "What
+beautiful missals! What illuminated manuscripts?"
+
+Fully conscious of the fact that they were impotent to produce such
+treasures the Germans, unable to get closer to the cathedral than four
+miles, determined to destroy them. Day after day they bombed the noble
+cathedral. Gone now, too, the great stone roof! Fallen the flying
+buttresses, ruined the chapels. Perished all the tapestries, the rugs
+and the laces. Water stands in puddles on the floor. The cathedral is a
+blackened shell.
+
+The victim of grievous ingratitude, King Lear, was turned out into the
+snow and hail by his wicked daughters; and the white-haired old king
+wandered through the blackness of the night beneath the falling hail.
+And, lo! the Cathedral of Rheims is a King Lear in architecture--broken,
+wounded, exposed to the hails of the autumn and the snow of the winter,
+through the coarseness and vandalism of the Germans.
+
+The German Foreign Minister put it all in one word: "Let the neutrals
+cease their everlasting chatter about the destruction of Rheims
+Cathedral. All the paintings, statues and cathedrals in the world are
+not so much as one straw to the Germans over against the gaining of our
+goal and the conquest of their land."
+
+Never was a truer word spoken. The German lacks the imagination and the
+gift of the love of the beautiful. He would prefer one bologna sausage
+factory and one brewery to the Parthenon, with St. Peter's and Rheims
+Cathedral thrown in.
+
+
+8. The German Sniper Who Hid Behind the Crucifix
+
+For hundreds of years the French peasants have loved the crucifix. Many
+a beautiful woman carries a little gold cross with the figure of Jesus
+fastened thereto, and from time to time draws it out to press the
+crucifix to her lips. Even in the harvest fields and beside the road,
+travellers find the carved figure of the Saviour lifted up to draw poor,
+ignorant and sinful men to His own level.
+
+One of the most glorious pieces of carving in France was wrought in
+walnut by a great sculptor and lifted up on a tree in the midst of an
+estate, where the peasants, resting from their work, could refresh their
+souls by love and faith and prayer.
+
+One day last summer, during the Teuton advance, a German officer stood
+beneath that divine figure. Mentally he marked the place. That night
+when the darkness fell a company of German officers returned to that
+spot. One of them climbed up on the tree. He found that the carved
+figure of Jesus was life size.
+
+With the end of a rope a little platform was drawn up level with the
+foot of the crucifix. Two ropes were fastened to the outstretched arms
+of the Saviour. Another rope was fastened around the neck of Jesus,
+until the platform was made safe. Then a German sniper with his gun
+climbed up on the platform. He laid his rifle upon the shoulders of the
+Divine Figure, hiding his body behind that of Jesus. The German officer
+must have chuckled with satisfaction, for he knew that he had found a
+screen behind which a murderer might hide, and the German villain was
+quite right in his psychology.
+
+It was true that the French soldiers loved that beautiful figure. To
+them the crucifix was sacred. So beautiful were their ideals, so lofty
+their spirit, so pure and high their imagination, that they were
+incapable of conceiving that a German could use the sacred crucifix as a
+screen from which to send forth his murderous hail.
+
+The green boughs of that tree hid the little puff of smoke. From time to
+time a French soldier would fall dead with a hole through his forehead.
+Once a French officer threw up his hands while the blood streamed from
+his mouth and he pitched forward dead.
+
+At last the French soldiers understood. There was a sniper behind
+Christ's cross. The French could have turned their cannon against that
+tree, but instead they simply kept below the trench until the night
+fell. Then in the darkness some French boys took their lives in their
+hands and crawled on hands and knees across No Man's Land. Lying on
+their backs they cut the wires above their heads.
+
+By some strange providence they dropped safely into the German trench
+and crawled ten yards beyond. Then they climbed into the tree, removed
+that glorious crucifix with the carved figure, brought it back in
+safety and at daybreak turned their cannon on the tree and blew the
+platform to pieces.
+
+Foul Huns had made a screen of that sacred figure, but the French were
+not willing to injure their ideals by shooting the crucifix to pieces.
+
+To-day all the world despises the Germans. Nothing is sacred to them.
+Their souls are dead within them and when the soul dies, everything
+dies.
+
+The German's body may live on for twenty years, but you might as well
+pronounce the funeral address to-day, for the soul of Germany is dead.
+Nothing but a physical fighting machine now remains.
+
+Meanwhile, France lives. Never were her ideals so lofty and pure. That
+is why the world loves France. She has kept faith with her ideals.
+
+
+9. The Ruined Studio
+
+I have in my possession several photographs of a ruined studio. Some
+twenty or thirty Germans dashed into a little French village one day,
+and demanded at the point of their automatic pistols the surrender by
+the women of their rings, jewelry, money and their varied treasure. At
+the edge of the village was a simple little summer-house, in which one
+of the French artists had his studio. He had been in that valley for
+three months, sketching, and working very hard. Knowing that they had
+but a little time in which to do their work as vandals, the Huns started
+to ruin the studio. With big knives they cut the fine canvases into
+ruins. They knocked down the marbles, and the bronzes; the little bust
+from the hand of Rodin was smashed with a hammer. The bronze brought
+from Rome was pounded until the face was ruined. One blow of the hammer
+smashed the Chinese pottery, another broke the plates and the porcelain
+into fragments. Then every corner of the room was defiled, and the pigs
+fled from their filthy stye. Across one of the canvases the German
+officer wrote the words, "This is my trademark." And every other part of
+the canvas was cut to ribbons with his knife. No more convincing
+evidence of the real German character can possibly be found than these
+photographs of the interior of that ruined studio.
+
+Here we have the reason why the Kaiser himself, who knew the German
+through and through, called his people Huns. Long ago the first Huns
+entered Italy. They found a city of marble, ivory, and silver. They left
+it a heap and a ruin. They had no understanding of a palace; they did
+not know what a picture meant, or a marble; they were irritated by the
+superiority of the Roman. What they could not understand they determined
+to destroy. That is one of the reasons why all the marbles and bronzes
+that we have in Italy are marred and injured. The head of Jupiter is
+cracked; the Venus di Milo has no arms; Aphrodite has been repaired with
+plaster; Apollo has lost a part of his neck and one leg. From time to
+time an old marble is dug up in a field, where some ploughman has
+chanced upon the treasure. Owners hid their beautiful statues, ivories
+and bronzes, to save them from the vandals. Unfortunately, the modern
+Huns rushed into the French towns, riding in automobiles, and sculptors
+and painters had no time to hide their treasures. The great cathedrals
+could not be hidden. The Kaiser in one of his recent statements boasted
+that he had destroyed seventy-three cathedrals in Belgium and France. It
+is all too true. From the beginning, the Cathedral of Rheims, dear to
+the whole world, and glorious through the associations of Jeanne d'Arc,
+was doomed, because the Germans, having no treasure of their own, and
+incapable of producing such a cathedral, determined that France should
+not have that treasure. The other day, in Kentucky, a negro jockey came
+in at the tail end of a race, ten rods behind his rival. That night, the
+negro bought a pint of whiskey, and determined to have vengeance, so he
+went out at midnight, and cut the hamstrings of the beautiful horse that
+had defeated his own beast. Now that is precisely the spirit that
+animated the German War Staff and the men that have devastated France
+and Belgium, and every man who has witnessed these German crimes with
+his own eyes will never be the same person again. His whole attitude
+towards the Hun is an attitude of horror and revulsion. A certain noble
+anger burns within him, as burned that noble passion in Dante against
+those criminals who spoiled Florence of her treasures.
+
+
+10. Was This Murder Justified?
+
+One raw, December day, in 1914, an American gentleman, widely known as
+traveller and correspondent, was in a hospital in London, recovering
+from his wound, received in Belgium. He was startled by the appearance
+of an old Belgian priest, and a young Belgian woman. The American author
+was travelling in Belgium at the time of the German invasion. Quite
+unexpectedly he was caught behind the lines, near Louvain. Having heard
+his statement, the German officer recognized its truthfulness and
+sincerity, and insisted that this American scholar should be his guest
+at the Belgian château of which he had just taken possession. The German
+had already shot the Belgian owner, and one or two of the servants, who
+defended their master. To the horror and righteous anger of the
+American, the German officer took his place at the head of the table,
+waved the American to his seat, and ordered the young Belgian woman to
+perform her duties as hostess. In that tense moment, it was a matter of
+life and death to disobey. That German officer had his way, not only
+with the young Belgian wife, half dazed, half crazed, wholly broken in
+spirit, but with the American whom he sent forward to Brussels.
+
+Plunged into the midst of many duties in connection with Americans and
+refugees who had to be gotten out of Belgium into England, this American
+author had to put aside temporarily any plan for the release of that
+young Belgian woman held in bondage. Later, when he was wounded, the
+American crossed to London for medical help. When the old Belgian priest
+and that young woman stood at the foot of his bed in the hospital in
+London, all the events of that terrible hour in the dining-room of the
+Belgian château returned, and once more he lived through that frightful
+scene. The purpose of the visit soon became evident. The old Belgian
+priest stated the problem. He began by saying that God alone could take
+human life since God alone could give it. He urged that the sorrow of
+the young woman's present was as nothing in comparison to the loss of
+her soul should she be guilty of infanticide. It was the plea of a man
+who lived for the old ideals. His white hair, his gentle face, his pure
+disinterested spirit lent weight to his words. Then came the statement
+of the young Belgian woman. She told the American author of the dreadful
+days and weeks that followed after his departure, that every conceivable
+agony was wrought upon her, and that now within a few months, she must
+have a child by that wicked German officer. She cried out that the very
+babe would be unclean, that it would be born a monster, that it was as
+if she was bringing into the world an evil thing, doomed in advance to
+direst hell. That every day and every hour she felt that poison was
+running through her veins. She turned upon the old priest, saying, "You
+insist that God alone gives life! Nay, no, no, no! It was a German devil
+that gave me this life that now throbs within my body! And every moment
+I feel that that life is pollution. German blood is poisoned blood.
+German blood is like putrefaction and decay, soiling my innermost life."
+The young woman wept, prayed, plead, and finally in her desperation
+cried out, "Then I decide for myself! The responsibility is mine. I
+alone will bear it." And out of the hospital she swept with the dignity
+and beauty of the Lady of Sorrows.
+
+A year later, in Paris, the French judge and court cleared the young
+girl who choked to death with a string the babe of the German officer
+who had attacked her. But since that time, all France and Belgium and
+the lands where there are refugees are discussing the question--Where
+does the right lie? Has the French mother, cruelly wounded, no right?
+And this foul thing forced upon her a superior right? Which path for the
+bewildered girl leads to peace? Where does the Lord of Right stand? What
+chance has a babe born of a beast, abhorred and despised, when it comes
+into the world? The women of the world alone can answer this question.
+
+
+
+
+IN FRANCE THE IMMORTAL!
+
+IV
+
+
+1. The Glory of the French Soldier's Heroism
+
+As much as the German atrocities have done to destroy our confidence in
+the divine origin of the human soul, the French soldiers have done to
+vindicate the majesty and beauty of a soul made in the image of God.
+
+I have seen French boys that were so simple, brave and modest in their
+courage, so beautiful in their spirit, as to make one feel that they
+were young gods and not men. One day, into one of the camps, came a
+lawyer from Paris. He brought the news of the revival of the Latin
+Quarter. For nearly three years a shop near the Beaux Arts had been
+closed. During all this time the French soldier had been at the front.
+When the first call came on that August day he put up the wooden
+shutters, turned the key in the lock, and marched away to the trenches.
+
+Said the lawyer: "I come from your cousin. The Americans are here in
+Paris. Your cousin says that if you will give me the keys and authorize
+her to open the shop she will take your place. She can recover your
+business, and perhaps have a little store of money for you when you have
+your 'permission' or come home to rest. She tells me that she is your
+sole relative." The soldier shook his head, saying: "I never expect to
+come home. I do not want to come home. France can be freed only by men
+who are ready to die for her. I do not know where the key is. I do not
+know what goods are in the shop. For three years I have had no thought
+of it. I am too busy to make money. There are other things for
+me--fighting, and perhaps dying. Tell my cousin that she can have the
+shop." Then the soldier saluted and started back towards his trench.
+"Wait! Wait!" cried the attorney. Then he stooped down, wrote hurriedly
+upon his knee, a little paper in which the soldier authorized his cousin
+to carry on the business, in his name. Scrawling his name to the
+document, the soldier ran towards the place where his heart was--the
+place of peril, heroism and self-sacrifice.
+
+This was typical of the thousands of soldiers at the front, for French
+soldiers suffer that the children may never have to wade through this
+blood and muck. The foul creature that has bathed the world in blood
+must be slain forever. With the full consent of the intellect, of the
+heart and the conscience, these glorious French boys have given
+themselves to God, to freedom, and to France.
+
+
+2. Why the Hun Cannot Defeat the Frenchman
+
+One morning in a little restaurant in Paris I was talking with a British
+army-captain. The young soldier was a typical Englishman, quiet,
+reserved, but plainly a little excited. He had just been promoted to his
+captaincy and had received one week's "permission" for a rest in Paris.
+We had both come down from near Messines Ridge.
+
+"Of course," said the English captain, "the French are the greatest
+soldiers in the world."
+
+"Why do you say that?" I answered. "What could be more wonderful than
+the heroism, the endurance of the British at Vimy Ridge? They seem to me
+more like young gods than men."
+
+To which the captain answered: "But you must remember that England has
+never been invaded. Look at my company! Their equipment is right from
+helmet to shoe, so perfectly drilled are they that the swing of their
+right legs is like the swing of one pendulum. I will put my British
+company against the world. Still I must confess this, that, so far as I
+know, no English division of fifteen thousand men ever came home at
+night with more than five thousand prisoners.
+
+"But look at the French boys at Verdun! As for clothes, one had a
+helmet, another a hat, or a cap, or was bareheaded. One had red
+trousers, one had gray trousers and one had fought until he had only
+rags left. When they got within ten rods of the German trench they were
+so anxious to reach the Boche that they forgot to shoot and lifted up
+their big bayonets, while they shouted, 'For God and France!'
+
+"That night when that French division came back ten thousand strong they
+brought more than ten thousand German prisoners with them to spend the
+night inside of barbed wire fences.
+
+"The reason is this: These Frenchmen fought for home and fireside. They
+fought against an invader who had murdered their daughters and mothers.
+The Huns will never defeat France. Before that could be done," exclaimed
+the English captain, "there would not be a man left in France to explain
+the reason for his defeat."
+
+
+3. "I Am Only His Wife"
+
+Human life holds many wonderful hours. Love, marriage, suffering,
+trouble, are crises full of romance and destiny, but I question whether
+any man ever passed through an experience more thrilling than the hour
+in which he stands at the Charing Cross or Waterloo Station in London or
+in the great station in Paris and watches the hospital trains come in,
+loaded with wounded soldiers brought in after a great battle.
+
+Often fifty thousand men and women line the streets for blocks, waiting
+for the trains. Slowly the wounded boys are lifted from the car to the
+cot. Slowly the cot is carried to the ambulance. The nurses speak only
+in whispers. The surgeons lift the hand directing them. You can hear the
+wings of the Angel of Death rustling in the air.
+
+When the automobile carrying two wounded boys moves down the street, the
+men and women all uncover while you hear whispered words, "God bless
+you!" from some father or mother who see their own son in that boy.
+
+Now and then some young girl with streaming eyes timidly drops a flower
+into the front of the ambulance--pansies for remembrance and love--upon
+a boy whom she does not know, while she thinks of a boy whom she knows
+and loves who is somewhere in the trenches of France.
+
+One morning a young nurse in the hospital in Paris received a telegram.
+It was from a young soldier, saying: "My pal has been grievously
+wounded. He is on the train that will land this afternoon. He has a
+young wife and a little child. You will find them at such and such a
+street. I do not know whether he will live to reach Paris. Can you see
+that they are at the station to meet him? That was his last whispered
+request to me."
+
+That afternoon at five o'clock, with her face pressed between the iron
+bars, a young French woman, with a little boy in her arms, was looking
+down the long platform. Many, many cots passed by, and still he did not
+come. At last she saw the nurse. The young wife did not know that her
+soldier husband had died while they lifted him out of the car.
+
+The young nurse said that she never had undertaken a harder task than
+that of lifting the boy in her own arms and leading the French girl to
+that cot, that she might know that henceforth she must look with altered
+eyes upon an altered world. A few minutes passed by and then a miracle
+of hope had happened.
+
+"I saw her," said the nurse, "with one hand upon his hair and the other
+stretched upward as she exclaimed: 'I am only his wife, France is his
+mother! I am only his wife, France is his mother! I give him to France,
+the mother that reared him!'"
+
+
+4. A Soldier's Funeral in Paris
+
+The two boys were incredibly happy. Two mornings before they had landed
+in Paris. What a reception they had had in the soldiers' club from the
+splendid French women! How good the hot bath had seemed! Clean linen, a
+fresh shave, a good breakfast, a soft cot, plenty of blankets,
+twenty-four hours' sleep, and they had wakened up new men. The first
+morning they walked along the streets, looking into the shop windows; in
+the afternoon one of the ladies took them to a moving picture show, and
+now on the second day here they were, at a little table before the café
+in one of the best restaurants in the Latin Quarter, with good red wine
+and black coffee, and plenty of cigarettes, and not even the boom of
+cannon to disturb their conversation. Strange that in three days they
+could have passed from the uttermost of hell to the uttermost of safety
+and peace. "These are good times," said one of the boys, "and we are in
+them."
+
+Then they heard a policeman shouting. Looking up, they saw a singular
+spectacle. Just in front of them was a poor old hearse drawn by two
+horses, whose black trappings touched the ground. Shabbier hearse never
+was seen. Strangest of all, there was only a little, thin, black-robed
+girl walking behind the hearse. There were no hired mourners as usual.
+There was no large group of friends walking with heads bared in token of
+reverence; there was no priest; no carriages followed after. Saddest of
+all, there was not even a flower. What could these things mean? How
+strange that when they were so happy this little woman could be so sad.
+
+Suddenly one of the soldier boys arose. He stepped into the street and
+looked into the hearse. There he saw these words: "A soldier of France."
+He began to question the woman. Lifting her veil, he saw a frail girl,
+and while the traffic jam increased she told her story. The soldier had
+been wounded at the Battle of the Marne. He was one of the first to be
+brought to Paris. He never walked again. "I am very poor; I have only
+one franc a day. We have no friends. I borrowed money for the hearse."
+
+The boy returned to his fellows. "Fall in line, boys!" he shouted. "Here
+is a soldier of France. This little girl has taken care of him for three
+years on one franc a day. Line up, everybody, and tell the men to
+swallow their coffee and wine and fall into the procession. Go into the
+shops and say that a soldier of France lies here." When that hearse
+began to move there were twenty men and women walking as mourners behind
+the body. Two soldier boys walked beside the frail little girl with her
+heavy crępe. As the soldiers walked along beside the hearse the
+procession began to grow. On and on for two long miles this slowly
+moving company increased in number until one hundred were in line, and
+when they came into God's Acre they buried the poor boy as if he were a
+king coming in with trumpets from the battle. For he was a soldier of
+France.
+
+
+5. The Old Book-Lover of Louvain
+
+Among the fascinating pursuits of life we must make a large place for
+the collection of old books, old paintings, old missals and curios.
+Certain cities, like Venice, Florence, Rome, Naples, and Madrid, have
+been for a thousand years like unto the Sargasso Sea in which beautiful
+things have drifted.
+
+Fifty years ago, men of leisure began to collect these treasures. Some
+made their way into Egypt and Palestine, and there uncovered temples
+long buried in sands and ruins and all covered with débris. From time to
+time old missals were found in deserted monasteries, marbles were digged
+up in buried palaces. Men came back from their journeys with some lovely
+terra cotta, some ivory or bronze, some painting by an old master, whose
+beauty had been hidden for centuries under smoke and grime. The
+enthusiasm of the collectors exceeds the zest of men searching for gold
+and diamonds amid the sands of South Africa.
+
+Fifty years ago a young scholar of Louvain won high praise because of
+his skill in dating and naming old pictures and manuscripts. When ten
+years had passed by, this scholar's name and fame were spread all over
+Europe. Many museums in different countries competed for his services.
+
+The time came when the heads of galleries in London and Paris and Rome
+sent for this expert to pass upon some art object. During the fifty
+years this scholar came to know every beautiful treasure in Europe.
+
+In the old castles of Austria, in a monastery of Bohemia, in the house
+of an ancient Italian family, in certain second-hand bookstores, in
+out-of-the-way towns he found treasures as precious as pearls and
+diamonds raked out of the muck-heap.
+
+When death took away his only son and left his little grandchildren
+dependent upon himself the old book-lover looked forward serenely into
+the future. He knew that every year his treasures were growing more and
+more valuable. Living in his home in Louvain he received from time to
+time visits from experts, who came in from all the cities of the world
+to see his treasures, and if possible, to buy some rare book.
+
+Then, in August, 1914, came the great catastrophe, as came the explosion
+of Vesuvius that buried Pompeii under hot ashes and flaming fire.
+
+One morning the old scholar was startled by the noise and confusion in
+the street. Looking down from his window he saw German soldiers, German
+horsemen, German cannon. He beheld women and children lined up on the
+sidewalk. He saw German soldiers assault old men. He saw them carrying
+the furniture, rugs and carpets out of the houses. He saw the flames
+coming out of the roofs of houses a block away.
+
+A moment later an old university professor pounded upon his door and
+called out that they must flee for their lives. There was only time to
+pick out one satchel and fill it with his precious manuscripts and
+costly missals. Then the two old scholars fled into the street with the
+grandchildren. Fortunately a Belgian driving a two-wheeled coal cart was
+passing by. Into the cart climbed the little grandchildren. Carefully
+the satchel filled with its treasures was also lifted into place.
+
+At that moment a German shell exploded beside the cart. When the old
+book-lover recovered consciousness the cart was gone, the grandchildren
+were dead and of all his art treasures there was left only one little
+book upon which some scholar of the twelfth century had toiled with
+loving hands.
+
+Carried forward among the refugees several hours later, Belgian soldiers
+lifted the old man into a train that was carrying the wounded down to
+Havre. In his hand the collector held the precious book. Excitement and
+sorrow had broken his heart. His mind also wandered. He was no longer
+able to understand the cosmic terror and blackness. A noble officer,
+himself wounded, put his coat under the old man's head and made a
+pillow and bade him forget the German beast, the bomb shells, the
+blazing city. But all these foul deeds and all dangers now were as
+naught to the old man.
+
+"See my little book," he said. "How beautiful the lettering! Why, upon
+this book, as upon a ship, civilization sailed across the dark waters of
+the Middle Ages. Look at this book of beauty. The ugliness of the tenth
+century is dead. The cruelty and the slavery of bloody tyrants is dead
+also. The old cannon are quite rusted away. But look at this! Behold,
+its beauty is immortal! Everything else dies. Soon all the smoke and
+blood will go, but beauty and love and liberty will remain."
+
+And then lifting the little book the old collector of Louvain pressed
+his lips to the vellum page, bright with the blue and crimson and gold
+of seven hundred years, and in a moment passed to the soul's summer
+land, where no shriek of German shells rends the air, where wicked
+Germans have ceased from troubling and where the French and Belgians,
+worn by the cruelty of the Huns, are now at rest and peace.
+
+
+6. A Vision of Judgment in Martyred Gerbéviller
+
+To-day everybody knows the story of Gerbéviller, the martyred.
+
+To the northwest is that glorious capital of Lorraine, Nancy. Farther
+northwest are Verdun and Toul, with our American boys. The region round
+about the martyred town is a region of rich iron ores.
+
+Some years ago, Germany found herself at bay, by reason of the
+threatened exhaustion of her iron mines in Alsace-Lorraine. The news
+that France had uncovered new beds of iron ore stirred Germany to a
+frenzy of envy and longing.
+
+High grade iron ore meant a new financial era for France. The exhaustion
+of Germany's iron mines meant industrial depression, and finally a
+second and third rate position. Rather than lose her place Germany
+determined to go to war with France and Belgium and grab their iron
+mines. To break down resistance on the part of the French people, the
+Germans used atrocities that were fiendish beyond words. The richer the
+province she wished to steal, the more terrible her cruelties.
+
+At nine o'clock in the morning on August 27, General Clauss and 15,000
+soldiers entered Gerbéviller. Ten miles to the south was the remainder
+of the German army, utterly broken by the French attack. Clauss had been
+sent north to dig his trenches until the rest of the German army could
+retreat.
+
+Every hour was precious. The Germans remained in the little town from 9
+A. M. until 12:30 P. M. They found in the village thirty-one hundred
+women, girls and children, fifteen old men (the eldest ninety-two), one
+priest and one Red Cross ambulance driver. Even the little boys and men
+under seventy had gone to the front to dig ditches and carry water to
+the French.
+
+It took the Germans only two and one-half hours to loot all the houses
+and load upon their trucks the rugs, carpets, chairs, pictures, bedding,
+with every knife and fork and plate. At half-past eleven General Clauss
+was in the Mayor's house, when the German colonel came in and reported
+that everything in the houses had been stripped and that they were ready
+to begin the firing of the buildings.
+
+The aged wife of the secretary to the Mayor told me this incident:
+
+"We find no weapons in the houses, and we find only these fifteen old
+men, one Red Cross boy, and this priest," said the colonel.
+
+"Line up the old men then and shoot them," shouted General Clauss. "Take
+the priest as a prisoner to do work in the trenches."
+
+The old men were lined up on the grass. General Clauss himself gave the
+signal to fire. Two German soldiers fired bullets into each one of the
+old men.
+
+One of the heart-broken onlookers was the village priest. The Germans
+carried him away as prisoner and made him work as a common labourer;
+through rain and sun, through heat and snow, he toiled on, digging
+ditches, carrying burdens, working eighteen hours a day, eating spoiled
+food that the German soldiers would not touch, until finally
+tuberculosis developed and he was sick unto death. Then the Germans
+released him as a refugee, so the priest returned to Gerbéviller to die.
+
+Then came the anniversary of the murder of the fifteen old men and of
+the one hundred and two women, girls and children. On the anniversary
+day of the martyrdom the noble Governor of the province assembled the
+few survivors for a memorial service about the graves of the martyrs.
+
+Knowing that the priest would never see another anniversary of that day
+the Prefect asked the priest to give the address at the memorial
+service. No more dramatic scene ever occurred in history. At the
+beginning the priest told the story of the coming of the Germans, the
+looting of the houses, the violation of the little girls, the collecting
+of the dead bodies. Suddenly the priest closed his eyes, and all
+unconsciously he lived the scene of those three and a half hours.
+
+"I see our fifteen heroes standing on the grass. I see the German
+soldiers lifting up their rifles. I hear General Clauss cursing and
+shouting the command to fire.
+
+"I see you, Thomas; a brutal soldier tears your coat back. He puts his
+rifle against your heart. When you sink down I see your hands come
+together in prayer.
+
+"I see you, François. I see the two big crutches on which you lean. You
+are weary with the load of ninety years. I hear your granddaughter when
+she sobs your name, and I see your smile, as you strive to encourage
+her.
+
+"I see you, Jean. How happy you were when you came back with your
+wealth to spend your last years in your native town! How kind you were
+to all our poor. Ah! Jean, you did us good and not evil, all the days of
+your life with us!
+
+"I see you, little Marie. You were lying upon the grass. I see your two
+little hands tied by ropes to the two peach trees in your mother's
+garden. I see the little wisp of black hair stretched out under your
+head. I see your little body lying dead. With this hand of mine upon
+that little board, above your grave, I wrote the words, 'Vengeance is
+mine; I will repay, saith the Lord.'
+
+"And yonder in the clouds I see the Son of Man coming in His glory with
+His angels. I see the Kaiser falling upon Gerbéviller. I see Clauss
+falling upon our aged Mayor. But I also see God arising to fall upon the
+Germans. Berlin, with Babylon the Great, is fallen. It has become a nest
+of unclean things. There serpents dwell. Woe unto them that offend
+against my little ones. For, lo, a millstone is hanged about their necks
+and they shall be drowned in the sea with Satan."
+
+The excitement was too much for the priest. That very night he died.
+Henceforth he will be numbered among the martyrs of Gerbéviller.
+
+
+7. The Return of the Refugees
+
+The return of the refugees to Belgium and France holds the essence of a
+thousand tragedies. From the days of Homer down to those of Longfellow,
+with his story of Evangeline, literature has recounted the sad lot of
+lovers torn from one another's arms and all the rest of their lives
+going every whither in search of the beloved one, only to find the lost
+and loved when it was too late.
+
+But nothing in literature is so tragic as the events now going on from
+week to week in the towns on the frontier of Switzerland.
+
+When the Germans raped Belgium and northern France they sent back to the
+rear trenches the young women and the girls, and now, from time to time,
+those girls, all broken in health, are released by the Germans, who send
+them back to their parents or husbands.
+
+Multitudes of these girls have died of abuse and cruelty, but others,
+broken in body and spirit, are returning for an interval that is brief
+and heart-breaking before the end comes.
+
+Three weeks ago an old friend returned from his Red Cross work in
+France. By invitation of a Government official he visited a town on the
+frontier through which the refugees released by Germany were returning
+to France.
+
+It seemed that during the month of September, 1914, the Germans had
+carried away a number of girls and young women in a village northeast of
+Lunéville. When the French officials finished their inquiry as to the
+poor, broken creatures returning to France they found a French woman,
+clothed in rags, emaciated and sick unto death. In her arms she held a
+little babe a few weeks old. Its tiny wrists were scarcely larger than
+lead pencils. The child moaned incessantly. The mother was too thin and
+weak to do more than answer the simple questions as to her name, age,
+parents, and husband.
+
+Moved with the sense of compassion, the French official soon found in
+his index the name of her husband, the number of his company and
+telegraphed to the young soldier's superior officer, asking that the boy
+might be sent forward to the receiving station to take his wife back to
+some friend, since the Germans had destroyed his village. By some
+unfortunate blunder the officials gave no hint of the real facts in the
+case.
+
+Filled with high hope, burning with enthusiasm, exhaling a happiness
+that cannot be described, the bronzed farmer-soldier stepped down from
+the car to find the French official waiting to conduct him to one of the
+houses of refuge where his young wife was waiting.
+
+My American Red Cross friend witnessed the meeting between the girl and
+her husband. When the fine young soldier entered the room he saw a poor,
+broken, spent, miserable creature, too weak to do more than whisper his
+name. When the young man saw that tiny German babe in his young wife's
+arms he started as if he had been stung by a scorpion. Lifting his hands
+above his head, he uttered an exclamation of horror. In utter amazement
+he started back, overwhelmed with revulsion, anguish and terror.
+
+Gone--the beauty and comeliness of the young wife! Gone her health and
+allurement! Perished all her loveliness! Her garments were the garments
+of a scarecrow. Despite all these things the girl was innocent. But she
+realized her husband's horror and mistook it for disgust. She pitched
+forward unconscious upon the floor before her husband could reach her.
+
+The history of pain contains no more terrible chapter. That night the
+dying girl told the French officials and her husband the crimes and
+indignities to which she had been subjected. Two other babes had been
+born under German brutality, and both had died, even as this infant
+would die, and when a few days later her husband buried her he was
+another man. The iron in him had become steel. The blade of intellect
+had become a two-edged sword. His strength had become the strength of
+ten. He decided not to survive this war. Going back to the front, he
+consecrated his every day to one task--to kill Germans and save other
+women from the foulest degenerates that have ever cursed the face of the
+earth.
+
+
+8. An American Knight in France
+
+Coming around the corner of the street in a little French village near
+Toul, I beheld an incident that explained the all but adoring love
+given to our American boys by the French children. The women and the
+girls of that region had suffered unspeakable things at the hands of the
+German swine. Photographs were taken of the dead bodies of girls that
+can never be shown. The terror of the women at the very approach of the
+German was beyond all words. The very words "Les Boches" send the blood
+from the cheeks of the children. The women of the Dakotas on hearing
+that the Sioux Indians were on the war-path with their scalping knives
+were never so terrified as the French girls are on hearing the German
+soldiers are on the march. Even the little children have black rings
+under their eyes, with a strained, tense expression as they stand
+tremulous and ready to run.
+
+On the sidewalk near me was a little French girl of about six, with her
+little brother, perhaps four years of age. Suddenly around the corner
+came an American boy in khaki. He was swinging forward with step sure
+and alert. The children turned, but there was no terror in their eyes
+and no fear in their hearts. They did not know the American soldier;
+never before had they seen his face, but his khaki meant safety. It
+meant a shield lifted between the German monster and themselves.
+Forgetting everything, the little French girl started on a run towards
+the American soldier, while her little brother came hobbling after. She
+ran straight to the American boy, flung her arms around his legging,
+rubbed her cheek against his trousers and patted his knee with her
+little hands. A moment later when her little brother came up the
+American boy stooped down, lifted the boy and girl into his arms, and
+while they were screaming with delight carried them across to a little
+shop, and found for them two tiny little cakes of chocolate, the only
+sweet that could be had. The French children understand.
+
+The German motto was: "Frightfulness and terrorism are the very essence
+of our new warfare."
+
+Pershing's charge was: "You will protect all property, safeguard all
+lives, lift a shield above the aged, be most courteous to the women,
+most tender and gentle to the children."
+
+In France our boys have lifted a shield above the poor and the weak,
+and, having given service, they are receiving a degree of love beyond
+measure; but there is no danger that they will be spoiled by the
+adulation of the French women and children, who rank them with the
+knights and the heroes of old.
+
+
+9. An American Soldier's Grave in France
+
+One August morning I was in the wheat fields near Roye. Somewhere in
+that field the body of a noble American boy was lying. He was a graduate
+of the University of Virginia; his mother and his sister had a host of
+friends in my old home city, Chicago. Guided by a white-haired priest,
+out in the wheat we found at last a little mound with a part of a broken
+airplane lying thereupon. I pulled the rest of his machine upon his
+grave and learned that when the French boys picked him up they found
+that four explosive bullets had struck him while flying in the air after
+his victory over many German enemies.
+
+With my knife I cut a sheaf of golden grain and an armful of scarlet
+poppies and said a prayer for the boy and his mother and his sister.
+
+Standing there in the rain I wrote a letter to those who loved him,
+saying: "When you see this head of wheat, say to yourself 'One grain
+going into the ground shall in fifteen summers ripen into bread enough
+to feed sixteen hundred millions of the family of men.' When you look at
+this pressed poppy, say, 'His blood like red rain went to the root to
+make the flowers crimson and beautiful for all the world; soon the
+fields of France shall wave like a Garden of God, and peace and plenty
+shall dwell forever there. "Without shedding of blood there is no
+remission." Wine means the crushing of the grapes. At great price our
+fathers bought Liberty.'"
+
+Two thousand years ago Cicero, sobbing above the dead body of his
+daughter Tullia, exclaimed: "Is there a meeting place for the dead?"
+What becomes of our soldier boys who died on the threshold of life? This
+is life's hardest problem. Where is that young Tullia so dear to that
+gifted Roman orator? Where is that young musician Mozart? Where is young
+Keats? And where is Shelley? And where are young McConnell and Rupert
+Brooke and young Asquith? And ten thousand more of those young men with
+genius. Where also is that young Carpenter of Nazareth, dead at thirty
+years of age?
+
+The answer is in this: They have passed through the black waters and
+have come into the summer land. There they have been met by the heroes
+coming out with trumpets and banners to bring them into a world
+unstained by the smoke and din of battle. There they will write their
+books, invent their tools, complete their songs and guide the darkling
+multitudes who come in out of Africa, out of the islands of the sea,
+into the realm of perfect knowledge, love and peace.
+
+
+10. "These Flowers, Sir, I Will Lay Them Upon My Son's Grave"
+
+Last August, at an assembly in Paris, Ambassador Sharp held a little
+company spellbound, while he related several incidents of his
+investigations in the devastated region near Roye. One afternoon the
+captain stopped his military automobile upon the edge of what had once
+been a village. Surveyors were tracing the road and making measurements
+in the hope of establishing the former location of the cellar and the
+house that stood above it. An old gray-haired Frenchman had the matter
+in charge. He had lost the cellar of his house. Also, the trees that had
+stood upon his front sidewalk, also his vines and fruit trees. His story
+as stated by Ambassador Sharp was most pathetic. The old man had retired
+from business to the little town of his childhood. When it became
+certain that the Germans would take the village, the man pried up a
+stone slab in the sidewalk and buried his money, far out of sight. A
+long time passed by. When the Hindenburg plans were completed, the
+Germans made their retreat. Among other refugees who returned was the
+aged Frenchman. To his unbounded amazement the old man could not locate
+the site of his old home. In bombarding the little village, the Germans
+dropped huge shells. These shells fell into the cellar, and blew the
+brick walls away. Other shells fell in the front yard, and blew the
+trees out by the roots. Later other shells exploding blew dirt back into
+the other excavations. Little by little, the ground was turned into a
+mass of mud. Not a single landmark remained. Finally the old man
+conceived the idea of beginning back on the country road, and measuring
+what he thought would have been the distance to his garden. But even
+that device failed him. For the huge shells had blown the stone slab
+into atoms, scattered his buried treasure, and left the man in his old
+age penniless and heart-broken.
+
+Long ago Dumas represented the man who had taken too much wine as trying
+in vain to enter his own home, explaining to his inebriated friend that
+the keyhole was lost. But think of a cellar that is lost! Think of shade
+trees, whose very roots have disappeared! Think of a lovely little
+French garden with its roses and vines, and fruit trees, all gone! "Why,
+the very well was with difficulty located," said the Ambassador. But
+after all, the loss of buried treasure that could never be found is only
+a faint emblem of the loss of human bodies and human minds. Think of the
+soldiers who have returned to find that the young wife or daughter whom
+they loved has disappeared forever! And think of the wives and
+sweethearts who have received word from their officers that the great
+shell exploded and killed the lover, but that no fragment of his body
+could be found! During one day Mr. Chamberlain and myself were driven
+through twenty-four series of ruins, that once had been towns and
+villages, but where there was nothing left but cellars filled with
+twisted iron and blackened rafters. Already, men are anticipating the
+hour of victory and talking about the reconstruction of the devastated
+regions, the enforced service of a million German factories, building up
+what once they had torn down. But the restoring of houses, the
+restoration of factory and schoolhouse, of church and gallery, represent
+a material recovery. But the other day, a French woman was invited
+before the general who decorated the widow and praised her, returning to
+her the thanks of France, in that her last and seventh son had just been
+killed. Her response was one of the most moving things in history. "I
+have given France my all. These flowers, ah, sir, I have but one use for
+them. I will take them out, and lay them on my son's grave."
+
+
+11. The Courage of Clemenceau
+
+One Sunday afternoon, last August, in Paris, Alexandre, head of the Fine
+Arts Department of the Government, brought me an invitation from Rodin
+to visit his studio. We found the successor to Michael Angelo turning
+over in his hand an exquisite little head of Minerva, goddess of wisdom,
+carved with the perfection of a lily or a rose. "He is always studying
+something," exclaimed the author. But what Rodin wanted us to see was
+his head of Clemenceau. When the covering was lifted, there stood the
+very embodiment of the man who is supreme in France to-day,--Clemenceau.
+The sculptor's face kindled and lighted up. "The lion of France!" How
+massive the features! How glorious the neck and the shoulders!
+Clemenceau makes me think of a stag, holding the wolves at bay, while
+his herd finds safety in flight. He makes me think of the lion, roaring
+in defence of his whelps. Our descendants will say, of a truth there
+were giants in those days, and among the giants we must make a large
+place for Clemenceau.
+
+The invincible courage of Clemenceau is in the challenge he has just
+flung out to the enemies of France. Reduced to simple terms it comes to
+this,--"It is said that the Germans can get within bombing distance of
+Paris, or reach the capital, providing they are willing to pay the
+price. Well,--the Allies can break through the German line and gain the
+Rhine, providing they are willing to pay the price. To destroy Paris
+means a price of 750,000 Germans at least. The probabilities are that so
+heavy a price would mean a political revolution in Germany. But what if
+Ludendorff gets to Paris? Rome was twice destroyed, and later the city
+of brick was rebuilt as a city of marble. Nearly fifty years ago the
+people of Paris destroyed their own city, at an expense of hundreds of
+millions of francs. The motive back of the destruction was the desire to
+replace an old and ugly city by a new and the most beautiful city in the
+world. Fire destroyed Chicago, intellect rebuilt it,--earthquake and
+flame levelled San Francisco, courage restored the ruins. Enemies may
+destroy Paris, genius and French art and skill and industry and will,
+will replace it. Our eyes are fixed on the goal, namely, the crushing of
+Prussianism. What if Paris must decrease? It will only mean that
+civilization in France, and humanity, will increase." Reduced to the
+simplest terms, that is the substance of Clemenceau's appeal. Never was
+there courage more wonderful. Not even Leonidas at Thermopylć ever
+breathed nobler sentiments. That is why Paris is safe to-day. That is
+why France is secure. That is why we await with confidence and quietness
+the next great offensive for the Germans.
+
+In her darkest hour what France and the world needed was a hero, a man
+of oak and rock, a great heart, a lion,--and the world found such a man
+in Clemenceau. Nothing fascinates the listeners like tales of courage.
+Not even stories of love and eloquence have such a charm for children
+and youth. Many of us remember that in our childhood the crippled
+soldier of the Civil War became a living college, teaching bravery to
+the boys of the little town. For months Clemenceau has been going up and
+down France, heartening the people. This Prime Minister with his great
+massive head, the roaring voice, the clenched fist, is an exhilarating
+spectacle. That hero of Switzerland, William Tell, left behind him a
+tradition that it meant much to him to waken each morning and find Mont
+Blanc standing firm in its place. Not otherwise all patriots, soldiers,
+and lovers of their fellow men to-day can look on the great French
+statesman and patriot and gather comfort and courage from the fact that
+he still stands firmly in his place.
+
+
+
+
+OUR BRITISH ALLIES
+
+V
+
+
+1. "Gott Strafe England"--"and Scotland"
+
+At the crossroads near the city of Ypres is a sign-board giving the
+directions and the distances to various towns. One day the Germans
+captured that highway.
+
+There was a man in the company who had lived in some German-American
+city of the United States. He knew that but for England Germany would
+have gotten through to the Channel towns and looted Paris. Climbing up
+on the sign-board that German-American wrote in good plain English these
+words: "God ---- England!"
+
+That afternoon the Australian and the New Zealand army pushed the
+Germans back and recaptured the highway. Among other soldiers was a
+Scotsman named Sandy.
+
+He read the sign, "God ---- England!" with ever increasing anger.
+Finally he flung his arms and legs around the sign-post, pulled himself
+up to the top and, while his companions watched him, they saw him do a
+most amazing thing.
+
+They were cheering him because they expected him to rub out the word
+"England." But not Sandy! Holding on by his left hand, with his right
+Sandy added to the words "God ---- England!" these words, "and
+Scotland."
+
+He felt that it was an outrage that Scotland should be overlooked in any
+good thing. Blessed was the people who had won the distinction of being
+hated by the German, and therefore Sandy added the words "and Scotland"!
+
+Now Scotland deserved that high praise. When the historian comes to
+write the full story of this great war it will make a large place for
+the words "and Scotland." Wonderful the heroism of the British army!
+Marvellous their achievements! But who is at the head of it? A great
+Scotsman, Sir Douglas Haig.
+
+What stories fill the pages of the achievements of English sailors ever
+since the days of Nelson, standing on the deck of the _Victory_, down to
+the battle of Jutland! But that gallant Scot, Admiral Beatty, holds the
+centre of the stage to-day. There came a critical moment also when a man
+of intellect and a great heart must represent Great Britain in her
+greatest crisis in the United States, and in that hour they sent a
+Scotsman, Arthur James Balfour, philosopher, metaphysician, theologian,
+statesman, diplomat and seer.
+
+And what shall one more say save that the finances of this war have been
+controlled by a Scotch Chancellor of the Exchequer, and her railways
+organized by a Scotch inventor. Wonderful the achievements of
+England--that "dear, dear land." Marvellous the contribution of Wales,
+through men like the Prime Minister, Lloyd George!
+
+Who can praise sufficiently the heroes of Canada, Australia and New
+Zealand? In Ireland, for the moment, things are in a muddle. "What is
+the trouble with the Emerald Isle?" was the question, to which the
+Irishman made instant reply: "Oh, in South Ireland we are all Roman
+Catholics, and in North Ireland we are all Protestants, and I wish to
+heaven we were all agnostics, and then we could live together like
+Christians."
+
+But Ireland will soon iron out her troubles. To the achievements of the
+various people of the great British Empire let us make a large place for
+the contributions of Scotland. The Germans hate with a deadly hatred any
+country and any race that has stopped them in their headlong career
+towards crime.
+
+But the next time that a German-American has gone back to Berlin and has
+reached the western front and puts up a sign reading "Gott strafe
+England" let him not fail to add these words, "and Scotland."
+
+
+2. "England Shall Not Starve"
+
+Despite all warnings, rumours, and alarms, no dire peril known to
+passengers disturbed our voyage. The nearest approach came on a morning
+when the ship was two hundred miles off the coast of Ireland.
+
+The steamer was making a letter S and constantly zigzagging, when
+suddenly the lookout called down that there was a rowboat dead ahead.
+With instant decision the officer changed the ship's course and we
+passed the life-boat a half mile upon our right.
+
+The usual rumour started up and down the deck that there were dead
+bodies in the boat, but the petty officer answered my question by saying
+that it was 2,000 lives against one possible life that every drifting
+boat must be looked upon as a German decoy; that if the steamer stopped
+to send sailors with a life-boat to investigate it would simply give a
+German submarine a chance to come up with torpedoes. At that very moment
+one of the men beside the gun sighted a periscope and a moment later the
+gun roared and then boomed a second time and then a third. Because the
+object disappeared, all passengers said it was a submarine, but the
+officers said it was a piece of driftwood, tossed up on the crest of a
+wave.
+
+That night, on deck, a close friend of the purser came for an hour's
+walk around the deck. The memory of those three shots rested heavily
+upon his mind.
+
+It seemed that some months before he had been a purser on an East Indian
+liner. On the home voyage, twenty-four hours after they left Cairo, when
+well out into the Mediterranean, this officer went below for an hour's
+rest. Suddenly a torpedo struck the steamer. The force of the explosion
+literally blew the purser out of his berth. Grabbing some clothes, he
+ran through the narrow passageway, already ankle deep in rushing water.
+The great ship carried several thousand soldiers and a few women who
+were coming home from India or from Egypt. Despite the fact that all
+realized the steamer would go down within a few minutes, there was no
+confusion and the soldiers lined up as if on parade.
+
+The boat went down in about eight minutes, but every one of the women
+and children had on their life-preservers and were given first places in
+the life-boats that had not been ruined by the explosion.
+
+The purser said that he decided to jump from the deck and swim as far as
+possible from the steamer, but despite his struggles he was drawn under
+and came up half unconscious to find himself surrounded with swimming
+men and sinking rowboats that were being shelled by the German
+submarine. Suddenly a machine-gun bullet passed through his right
+shoulder and left an arm helpless. For half an hour he lay with his left
+arm upon a floating board, held up by his life-preserver. The submarine
+had disappeared. At distances far removed were three of the ship's
+boats and one raft. It was plain that there was no help in sight.
+
+Near him was a woman, to whom he called. The purser told the woman that
+he had been shot in the right arm and could not help her nor come near
+to her. She answered that it was good to hear his voice.
+
+The water was very cold. He began to be alarmed and reasoned as to
+whether the cold water would not stay the bleeding. From time to time he
+would call out to the woman to keep up hope and courage and not to
+struggle, but at last he saw she was exhausted. With infinite effort,
+swimming with his left arm, he managed to draw near to her.
+
+"Is drowning very painful?" the woman asked.
+
+"No," answered the officer. "Once the water rushes into the lungs one
+smothers."
+
+To which the English girl answered, "Then I think I will not wait any
+longer. Good-bye! Good luck!"
+
+Utterly exhausted she let her head fall over and in a moment the
+life-preserver was on the top and that was all that he saw.
+
+"The next thing I remember," said the officer, "was waking up to find a
+nurse trying to pour a stimulant down my throat."
+
+A destroyer had come up in response to the signals for help and picked
+up the survivors.
+
+For months he was in the hospital before he could be carried to England.
+Even now he was not able to lift a hat from his head with his right arm,
+but he could write a little. This was his first voyage to test his
+strength to prove to the Government that he could take his old task as
+purser.
+
+"How did you feel, purser, when you heard that cannon roar this morning
+against that submarine?"
+
+You should have seen the fire flash in the man's eyes.
+
+"How did I feel?" answered the officer. "I felt like a race-horse
+snuffing the battle from afar. Let them sink this ship--I will take
+another. Let them sink every steamer, I'll take a sailing vessel. Let
+them sink all our sailing vessels, we will betake ourselves to tugs.
+
+"We have 5,000 steamers that come and go between any Sunday and Sunday.
+Some are old cattle-boats, some are sea tramps and some are ocean
+hounds. They have carried 10,000,000 men and 20,000,000 tons of war
+materials, and 8,000,000 tons of iron ore and $3,000,000,000 worth of
+goods.
+
+"We have lent six hundred ships to France and four hundred ships to
+Italy. Our ancestors smashed the Spanish Armada. Our grandfathers
+baffled Napoleon and their sons defy the Hun and his submarine.
+
+"When I go down my son will take my place. When Germany beats England
+there will not be an Englishman left to tell how it happened."
+
+Then, leaning over the railing of the ship, the officer pointed to the
+setting sun, and lo, right out of the sea, sailing into our sight, came
+a fleet of English merchantmen, laden with wheat, and the purser said:
+
+"By God's help, England shall not starve."
+
+
+3. German-Americans Who Vilify England
+
+The biography of Grant holds many exciting incidents. One of them
+concerns a spy who nearly wrecked Grant's plans. It seems that a rumour
+came saying that Sheridan had been defeated at Winchester. A telegram
+came a few minutes later saying that Sheridan was recovering from the
+disaster. Meanwhile, Grant noticed one of his young assistants was
+endeavouring in vain to conceal his pleasure over the news of Sheridan's
+defeat. That feeling seemed inexplicable to Grant. The Commander-in-Chief
+had three armies--Sherman's in the South, Sheridan's in the Valley of
+the Shenandoah, and his own army of the Potomac. How could a young aide
+rejoice over Sheridan's defeat without down in his heart wanting Grant
+defeated, the Union destroyed, and secession made a success? Grant
+became more and more alarmed. He told one of his associates to follow
+this youth, whom he feared was a spy. Shortly afterwards the man was
+discovered sending signals, was tried, the proofs of his treason
+uncovered, and finally he was executed.
+
+To-day certain German-Americans never tire of announcing their
+Americanism. Their favourite expression is: "Germany was the Fatherland,
+but the United States is the wife." Not daring, therefore, to attack our
+Government, afraid to confess that they want Germany to succeed, and
+when that time comes expect to hold certain offices under Germany, they
+spend all their time vilifying Great Britain. There is one absolute and
+invariable test of the German-American's treason to this country, and
+that is bitterness towards England, because England is doing all she can
+to prevent Germany's victory. One thing has saved this country during
+four years, giving us a chance to prepare--Great Britain's fleet,
+holding Germany's battle-ships behind the Kiel Canal. To-day our
+Republic is defended by three armies--General Pershing's, Marshal Foch's
+and Marshal Haig's. But whenever a German-American vilifies Haig and
+attacks England you may know that down in his heart he wants Pershing
+defeated, the United States conquered, and Germany made victorious. The
+German-American who vilifies Great Britain is angry because Great
+Britain has prevented Germany from loading a million German veterans
+upon her six or eight thousand passenger ships, freight ships, sailing
+vessels and war fleet, and sailing to New York and assessing fifty
+billion dollars indemnity upon us.
+
+In a certain Western State a German professor of electricity resigned
+from his institution. He was receiving about $3,000 a year. Many months
+passed by. One day this man was heard defaming England. "England has
+destroyed the freedom of the seas. England controls Gibraltar and the
+Suez Canal. England is the great land pirate. England is the world
+butcher." A Secret Service man followed the German professor, and found
+that he was working as fireman at the wireless station of that great
+city. This German professor of electricity had resigned a $3,000 a year
+position to work for $75 a month as fireman. As soon as he found that
+the United States Government was upon his track he fled to Mexico. This
+spy's camouflage was love for the United States, but his treason was
+revealed through his hatred of England. That man should have been
+arrested at dark, tried at midnight, and shot at daybreak.
+
+There is a newspaper reporter in this country. This German-American was
+caught by a trick. Another reporter faked a story, writing out on his
+typewriter an account of several German submarines getting into the
+harbour of Liverpool and blowing up half a dozen English steamers and
+killing several thousand Englishmen, and this German-American reporter
+lifted his hands into the air in glee, and in the presence of half a
+dozen fellow reporters shouted: "I knew it! I knew it! I knew the
+Germans would smash Hades out of them!" In that moment he revealed his
+real attitude towards the United States. Any man that wants Admiral
+Beatty defeated wants the American transports sunk and American soldiers
+murdered. That reporter should also have been arrested at dark, tried at
+midnight, and shot at daybreak.
+
+In another city there is a young Irish writer. He fulfills all the
+proverbs about the crazy Irishman. In connection with the Sinn Fein
+conspiracy this young writer proposed a toast to the memory of Sir Roger
+Casement, the success of the revolution, and poured forth such
+bitterness upon England as cannot be described by those who hate
+ingratitude towards a country that has given us a chance to prepare.
+Wherever that man goes he carries hate with him towards Great Britain.
+His atmosphere is malign; his presence breathes treason towards England.
+That is another man who should have been arrested at dark, tried at
+midnight, and shot at daybreak. No man can serve God and Mammon. No man
+can be faithful to the United States who hates England and loves
+Germany. He must love the one and hate the other; he must hold to the
+one and despise the crimes of the other. No man can serve God and the
+Allies, Germany and the devil, at one and the same time.
+
+
+4. British vs. American Girls in Munition Factories
+
+To-morrow morning at eight o'clock one million British girls will enter
+the munition and related factories. To-morrow afternoon at four o'clock
+another million girls will enter the same factories, to be followed at
+midnight by the third shift of women.
+
+These factories average forty feet wide, and end to end would be 100
+feet in length. The roar of the machinery is never silent by day or
+night.
+
+In one factory I saw a young woman who was closely related, through her
+grandfather, to a man in the House of Lords. Her arms were black with
+machine oil, her hair was under a rubber cover, she wore bloomers. Her
+task was pouring two tons of molten steel into the shell moulds. The
+great shells passed from the hands of one girl to another until the
+fiftieth girl, 1,500 feet away, finished the threads into which the
+cap's screw was fastened.
+
+Every twenty-four hours these women turn out more small calibre
+cartridges than all England did the first year of this war. Every
+forty-eight hours they turn out more large cartridges than all England
+did the first year of this war. Every six days, with the help of men not
+fit for the battle front, they turn out more heavy cannon than all
+England did the first year of this war.
+
+They have sent 17,000,900 tons of ammunition to the front. Their shells
+are roaring on five battle fronts in three continents. When the British
+boys thrust their huge shells into the cannon these boys literally
+receive the shells at the hands of the millions of English girls who are
+passing them forward.
+
+Wonderful the heroism of the British soldiers! The reason why the men
+fight well at the front is because there are women at home worth
+fighting for. In all ages battles have been won, partly by the strong
+arm of the soldier, but chiefly by the heart that nerves the arm. That
+is why John Ruskin once said that "the woman in the rear generally wins
+the victory at the front."
+
+It stirs one's sense of wonder to find that all classes and all social
+conditions are represented in these factories. Thousands of young
+school-teachers have left the schoolroom behind, closed the book and
+desk and gone to the factory. Tens of thousands of young wives and
+mothers have left their little children with the grandmother. Many
+rectors and clergymen and priests, unfit for service at the front by
+reason of age, work all day long in the munition factory. Many a
+professional man crowds his work in the office that he may reach the
+factory for at least a few hours' work upon shot and shell.
+
+One day in France, as I was entering the factory, I saw perhaps twenty
+young women come out, hurry across the street to a building where two
+old crippled soldiers were taking care of the little children. These
+young mothers nursed their babes, looked after the other children and
+then hurried back to the factory. Every minute was precious; every day
+was big with destiny. Their young husbands and brothers and lovers, when
+the German push came, must have their cartridges and shells ready and in
+abundance.
+
+Watching these women with their strained, anxious faces--women who cut
+each thread in the shell with the accuracy of the expert--you could see
+the lips of the woman murmuring, and needed no confession from her that
+she was silently praying for the man who would use this weapon to defend
+her beloved France, her aged mother and her little child.
+
+When the beast is slain and the Potsdam gang tried and executed for
+their crimes, and the boys come home with trumpets and banners, the
+ovations will be for the soldiers; but after the soldiers have had their
+parade and their honour and their ovation on the first day of the
+triumph, there should be a second great parade, in which, while the
+soldiers stand on the streets and observe, and the merchants and working
+men and the professional classes stand as spectators, down the street
+shall march the munition girls, who fashioned the weapons with which the
+soldiers slew the common enemy.
+
+For while the boys at the front have defended liberty the girls at home
+have armed the soldiers. Neither one without the other could have made
+the world safe for democracy.
+
+Through the imagination these women have a right, while they toil, to
+watch the shell complete their work. The smith who forges the chain for
+the ship's anchor has a right to exult when he looks out through his
+imagination upon the great boat held firm by his chain in the hour when
+the storm threatened to hurl the craft upon the rocks. The inventor has
+a right to say: "That granary full of wheat is mine; I invented the
+reaper." The physician has a right to rejoice over the battle and
+victory over the youth whose life was saved by the surgeon's skill. Not
+otherwise, the munition girl has a right when the long day of battle is
+over to say: "I safeguarded that cottage; I lifted a shield above that
+little child; I built a wall against the cathedral and the gallery and
+the homes of yonder city."
+
+For American girls of vision there is nothing that they so much desire
+as the immediate condemnation by our Government of 10,000
+luxury-producing plants in this country, which should immediately be
+taken over by our Government for munition purposes, and before the
+daybreak of the first morning there would be ten million American girls
+standing before the doors, trying to break their way in to obtain a
+chance to fashion the shells that would protect American boys in danger
+at the front.
+
+
+5. The Wolves' Den on Vimy Ridge
+
+The bloodiest battle of 1917 was fought on the slopes of Vimy Ridge.
+That ridge is seven and a half miles long and is shaped like a dog's
+hind leg. Lifted up to an elevation of several hundred feet, the hill
+not only commands an outlook upon the German lines eastward, but
+protects the great plains that slope westward towards the English
+Channel.
+
+To hold that ridge the Germans constructed a vast system of trenches,
+barbed wire barriers, Portland cement pill-boxes and underneath the
+ridge, at a depth of sixty feet, they made their prisoners dig a gallery
+seven and a half miles long, with rooms for the officers opening out on
+either side of the long passageways.
+
+One morning the Canadian troops started up the long sloping hillside,
+under skies that rained cartridges, shells and gas bombs. So terrific
+was the machine-gun fire that some cartridges cut trees in two as if
+they had been cut with a saw, while others did not so much strike the
+Canadian boys as cut their bodies into two parts.
+
+Lying upon their faces they crawled up the hillside, cutting the wires
+as they crept forward. Not until the second afternoon did the shattered
+remnants reach the German trench that crowned the hillcrest. Then they
+plunged down into the trench, while the Germans rushed down the long
+stairs into the underground chamber and fled through the lower openings
+of their long gallery northward towards safety.
+
+Not until the Canadian officers led us into one of those German chambers
+did we understand the black tragedy. The room was shell-proof. The soft
+yellow clay was shored up by rough boards. All around the walls were
+bunks. In that chamber the German officers had kept the captive French
+and Belgian girls. There were two cupboards standing against the wall.
+One was made of rough boards; the other was a large, exquisitely carved
+walnut bureau for girls' garments. When the German officers fled from
+the trench above they had just time to escape to the lower shell-proof
+rooms, grab some of the treasure and flee. Unwilling to give these
+captive girls their freedom, since they could not have the girls they
+determined that their French and Belgian fathers and sweethearts should
+not recover them.
+
+There was just time during the excitement of the flight to unlock the
+door, rush in and send a bullet through each young woman. A few minutes
+later the Canadian boys swarmed through the long connecting chambers and
+side rooms.
+
+In one of those rooms they found these young women now dead or dying.
+Gas bombs had already been flung down and the rooms were foul with
+poisoned air. Protected by their masks the Canadian boys had time to
+pick up these girls and carry them up the steps into the open air, where
+they laid them down on the grass in the open sunshine. But help came too
+late. Beginning with an attempt to murder the souls of the girls the
+German officers had ended by slaying their bodies.
+
+An officer saw to it that the official photographer kept the record of
+the faces of these dead girls. Once they must have been divinely
+beautiful, for all were lovely beyond the average. One could understand
+the pride and joy of a father or lover when he looked upon the young
+girl's face. The slender body made one think of the tall lily stem,
+crowned with that flower named the face and glorious head. Strangely
+enough they seemed to sleep as if peace had come, after long pain.
+Plainly death had been longed for.
+
+Weeks passed by. The photographs of the dead girls were shown in the
+hope that if possible word might reach their parents, but no friend had
+been found to recognize them. One day a Canadian officer, making slow
+recovery in a hospital near the coast, was asked by his nurse for the
+photograph.
+
+It seemed there was a Belgian woman working in the hospital. Her village
+had been entirely destroyed. Her home was gone and all whom she loved
+had disappeared. By some accident the Red Cross nurse remembered this
+photograph and decided to show it to the Belgian woman who had passed so
+swiftly from abundance and happiness to the utmost of poverty and
+heart-break. Almost unwillingly at first the woman looked at the print.
+A moment later she held the picture out at arm's length, rose to her
+feet, then drew it to her lips and hugged it to her breast.
+
+With streaming eyes she almost shouted, "Thank God! Julia is dead!
+Thank God! Julia is dead! Now I know there is a God in Israel, for Julia
+is dead, is dead--is dead! Thank God! Thank God!"
+
+Though for a long time the doves had been in the clutches of the German
+hawks; though for a long time the lambs had been in the jaws of the
+German wolves; when all else failed death came and released the lovely
+girls from the clutch of German assassins.
+
+
+6. "Why Did You Leave Us in Hell for Two Years?"
+
+For British soldiers it had been a long trying day on Messines Ridge.
+For many nights the boys had been coming up towards the front trenches.
+The next morning at 3:50 they were to go "over the top"; a feat which
+they accomplished, driving in a mile and a half deep, on a long, long
+line, only to be stopped by four days and nights of rain that drowned
+the trenches and drove them back out of the flooded valley to the
+hillside. Because the Germans knew what must come the next day, the
+German cannon were trying to bomb out the British guns.
+
+That night--tired out--we drove back eighteen miles behind the line for
+one good night's sleep. After dinner an English lieutenant told me this
+tragic tale:
+
+"It was an April night last spring. All day the wind and fog and rain
+had been coming in from the North Sea. The chill and damp went into the
+very marrow of the bones. When night fell a few of us officers crept
+down the long stair into a shell-proof room. There we had our pipes and
+gossiped about the events of the day and talked with the French captain,
+our guest, who was spending a week studying our sector. Finally the time
+came when we must go back into the trench to take our turn in the rain.
+
+"We were putting on our raincoats, when in my happiness I said, 'Well,
+men, you should congratulate me. One week from to-night I shall not be
+here in this rain and mud. I shall be home in England and have my little
+wife and my baby girl. Just one week! It seems like seven eternities
+instead of seven days and nights!'
+
+"I little dreamed the little tragedy that I had precipitated. My colonel
+was very kind. He told me that he would have his permission in three
+more months. The rest of the boys also said nice things. Suddenly we
+realized that the French captain was acting very strangely and saying
+excited things with his back towards us. We did not know how we had
+insulted him, nor could we understand what had happened. Finally my
+colonel said to him:
+
+"'Captain, I hope you will have your vacation soon and have a chance to
+go home and see your family.'
+
+"He turned on us like a crazy man. He put his fists in the air, he half
+shouted and half sobbed at us.
+
+"'How do you men dare talk to me about going home? Your land has never
+been invaded, nor your families ruined. Home! How can I go home? The
+Germans have had my town for a year. In their retreat they carried away
+my little girl and my young wife, and now the priest has gotten word to
+me that in six weeks my little girl and my young wife will both have
+babes by the German beast who carried them off.'
+
+"And then the Frenchman cursed God and cursed the devil! Cursed the
+Kaiser and cursed the Fatherland. Oh, it was so terrible. Doctor, I
+often wonder how Americans could have left the women and girls of
+Belgium and France in hell for two and a half years, while you men
+stood in safety and in peace."
+
+The historian will find it hard to answer that question. History will
+have it to say that England was the good Samaritan who helped the
+Belgians who had fallen among thieves, while Americans were among those
+who passed by on the other side.
+
+
+7. "This War Will End Within Forty Years"
+
+A New Zealand officer was giving directions to a group of his soldiers.
+They were in the field at the foot of Bapaume. The immediate task was
+that of cutting and rolling up the barbed wire. In that territory the
+Germans had left trenches foul with fever, wells filled with the corpses
+of men and horses, springs polluted with every form of filth, but worst
+of all, the barbed wire entanglements. Every sharp point was covered
+with rust and threatened lockjaw. Looking in every direction, the whole
+land was yellow with the barbed wire. The work was dangerous. The
+rebound of the wire threatened the eye with its vision, threatened the
+face and the hand, and all the soldiers were in a mood of rebellion. In
+an angry mood, the officer exclaimed, "There are a hundred million miles
+of German barbed wire in France!"
+
+And when later I asked the first lieutenant how long this war would
+last, he made the instant answer, "This war will continue forty years
+more! One year for the fighting, and thirty-nine years to roll up the
+wire."
+
+Because every soldier at the front hated the wire entanglements, that
+bright sentence ran up and down the entire line from Belgium to the
+Swiss frontier. And for men of experience there is more truth in the
+statement than one would at first blush think. It will take one more
+year for the fighting, but it will take thirty-nine years more to grow
+the shade trees. Five centuries ago the French began to develop the love
+of the beautiful. On either side of the roads running across the land
+they planted two rows of poplars, oaks or elms. When long time had
+passed the fame of the French roads and the shade trees went out into
+all the earth. Under these trees the French farmer stopped his cart, fed
+his horses and refreshed himself beneath the shade. Under these trees
+the old men at the end of their career rested themselves, and gossiped
+about old friends that had gone.
+
+And when the German found he could not hold the land and enjoy the shade
+trees, the splendid orchards, the purple vineyards, he determined that
+the Frenchman should not have them, and so he lifted the axe upon every
+peach and pear, plum and grape, cherry and gooseberry tree. Perhaps it
+was as black a crime to murder the land as it was to murder the bodies
+of the farmers, since the soul is immortal.
+
+"One more year of fighting and thirty-nine years" not to roll up the
+wire, but to rebuild the cathedrals and churches, the colleges and
+universities, the halls of science, the temples of art, the mills for
+the weaving of cotton and linen and wool, and above all for the
+rebuilding of the railways, the reconstruction of the canals and the
+bridges, great and small. But the most grievous loss is the human loss.
+Think of 1,500,000 crippled heroes and poor wounded invalids in the land
+of France alone! Think of another 1,500,000 young widows, or lovers and
+mothers! Gone the young men who promised so great things for the French
+essay, the French poem, for the paintings and the bronzes! Dead the
+young lawyers, physicians and educators! Gone the young farmers and
+husbandmen! Perished 1,000,000 old people and 500,000 little children,
+all dead of heart-break. The German beast has been in the land. Like a
+wolf leaping into the sheepfold to tear the throats of the young lambs
+and the mother ewes.
+
+What! Thirty-nine years more to recover ruined France and Belgium,
+Poland and Rumania? France will never be the same again. The scar of the
+beast will abide. That is why no man of large mind and great heart will
+ever make friends with a soldier from Germany, will ever buy an article
+of German stamp, so long as he lives, will ever read another German
+book, or support another German business. It is our duty to forgive the
+transgressor who is repentant, but it is a crime to forget the
+unspeakable atrocities, the devilish cruelties of the German Kaiser, the
+German War Staff and the German army, with its 10,000,000 criminals.
+
+
+8. "Why Are We Outmanned by the Germans?"
+
+Many thoughtful men have lingered long over the despatches announcing
+that Great Britain called thirty thousand farmers to the trenches, thus
+threatening the loss of a part of her harvest. One of the British
+editors and statesmen explains this event by the frank statement that
+for the moment the Allies are outmanned, and will be until another
+million Americans reach France. Many men are puzzled to understand what
+this means, but the explanation is very simple. The combined population
+of Germany, Austria, Hungary and Bulgaria is not far from 140,000,000.
+To this must be added seventy millions of conquered and impressed
+peoples of Belgium, Poland, Rumania, with the Baltic provinces of
+Russia, Ukraine and other regions. Over against this population stands
+the 125,000,000 living in Great Britain, France, Italy, Canada,
+Australia, New Zealand and the English people of South Africa, and
+India, and the Isles of the Sea. Concede, therefore, that the army of
+six millions of Allies are over against six millions of Germans. Why are
+we outmanned?
+
+Back of that British editor-statesman's statement lies a most dramatic
+fact. Our Allies keep their treaties, and will not use German prisoners
+to fight against their brothers. Therefore the six million of Allies'
+soldiers have no support behind them. But the Germans impress all
+conquered peoples and lifted into the air if the observer had a glass
+powerful enough, he would behold back of the German six millions another
+six millions of impressed prisoners and conquered peoples, who support
+the German army. These men, driven forward by an automatic pistol and
+the rifle, work within half a mile of the rear German trench. They dig
+ditches, fill shell holes, repair roads, bring up burdens, care for the
+horses, scrub the mud from the wagons, and the slightest neglect of the
+task means that they are shot down by the German guards. All this
+releases the German soldier from the deadly work that breaks the nerve,
+and unfits a man to go over the top. That means that the German soldier
+can fight eight hours, and have sixteen for rest and recreation.
+
+But over against this German army fighting eight hours, with the deadly
+work wrought by several million of impressed servants and slaves, stands
+the Allied army. But our men after eight hours of active service must
+then begin to dig ditches, fill shell holes, repair bridges, clean the
+mud from the wagons, bring up the munitions, and this deadly work for
+eight hours, added to their eight hours of active service, means only
+eight hours for sleep and recovery, while the German has sixteen hours
+off duty for recovery and sleep. The Allies keep their treaties, and do
+not ask a German prisoner to fight against his brother. The Allies obey
+the laws of right and wrong, but the Ten Commandments are a great
+handicap in time of war. Is there any one who supposes that six million
+of Allied soldiers, working sixteen hours a day, are as fresh and as fit
+as six million Germans, working only eight hours a day? That is why the
+situation is so perilous. Fortunately victories are not won by muscle
+without but by the soul within. The sense of justice in the heart lends
+a form of omnipotence to a youth. In a moral universe, therefore, we
+must win. The great problem is, how to carry on until we can get another
+million Americans across to France, with full equipment, and fifty
+thousand aeroplanes.
+
+
+
+
+"OVER HERE"
+
+VI
+
+
+1. The Redemption of a Slacker
+
+Out on the Ohio River there is a large steel town. During the last few
+years many foreigners who have the Bolsheviki spirit have crossed the
+ocean and found work in the great shops and factories. Little by little
+the foreign newspapers have developed the spirit that has now ruined
+Russia, and is here under the American name of the I. W. W. movement. In
+this steel city was an anarchist, with real power to move the mobs. The
+mere mention of the name of Carnegie or Rockefeller was to him like
+waving a red flag in the face of a bull. In the evenings it was his
+custom to climb upon a box at the corner of the street, close to a
+little park, and tell his hearers that all the wealth in the rich man's
+house was created by the workman's muscle. He made no allowance for the
+inventor, for the organizer, for the risks taken by the man who built a
+factory. A few weeks ago this anarchist laid down a newspaper,
+containing an account of the trial of the I. W. W. leaders in Chicago.
+That night, becoming alarmed, lest he himself be caught in the drag-net,
+and perhaps forced to enlist as an enemy alien, this agitator
+disappeared, leaving behind him his board bill, laundry bill, tailor's
+bill, not to mention many other forms of indebtedness--a disappearance
+that led every one of his creditors to give up any and all faith in the
+American Bolsheviki movement.
+
+Now there was a young boy of about twenty-three who had long been
+listening to this agitator. When, therefore, the second night after the
+anarchist's disappearance came, this young man, who aspired himself to
+be a leader of the mob, climbed up on the soap box, at the corner of the
+little park, and began to speak to the same old crowd.
+
+"Think of it, my friends! Just think of it! Think of some soldier coming
+in here and making me enlist! I have no grudge against the Germans. I
+don't want to kill them. My forefathers were all German! My name is
+German. And I am an American all right, all right! Still, I don't
+propose to have anybody tell me what I must do. If I want to enlist, I
+will enlist, and if I don't, I won't! I'd like to see some Government
+agent come along and grab me for the draft! When he comes, he'll hear a
+few things from me, and then some!"
+
+At that point a man lifted up his hand and said: "Now you may stop right
+there!" Throwing back his coat collar, he showed a little metal badge.
+Climbing up on the box, the stranger took the young anarchist by his
+shoulder and half choked him, saying: "So you want to have the people
+see some one take you to the draft office? Well," said the officer,
+"now's the time for them to see him, and I'm the man. And you people,"
+he went on, "just take a good look at this fellow. It'll be the last
+chance you're going to have, for he will be in jail to-night, and
+to-morrow we will decide whether or not he has been opposing the draft.
+If he has, he stands a good chance of being shot." Blowing a little
+whistle, the officer dragged the young anarchist to the edge of the
+street, half lifted and half kicked him into the police wagon, which
+soon disappeared. The enemy aliens who remained behind were stupefied,
+partly with astonishment and partly with terror. Aliens began to say,
+"What will come next?" That night a number more of pro-Germans
+disappeared from this town with its steel mills.
+
+The next morning, at ten o'clock, the officer entered the jail. "Get a
+move on you, young man!" he said brusquely. "You're going up to the
+court to be examined to see whether you are a slacker or a traitor. In
+the one case you will be interned and in the other case you will be
+hanged or shot."
+
+The young anarchist was on his feet in a moment. "But, officer, aren't
+you going to give me a chance to enlist?"
+
+"Young man, this Government does not want traitors to enlist, nor
+pro-Germans."
+
+"I am not a pro-German this morning," cried the excited man. "I have
+thought the whole thing over last night. I did not sleep a wink. I think
+this Government is the best government in the world. And I am willing to
+fight for it."
+
+The officer was astounded. "Well, my young enemy," he exclaimed, "a
+dungeon seems to have had a good effect upon your mind. What has
+regenerated you? Was it the cold water or the corn bread? Or the steel
+door before your dungeon? Or was it the bad air in your cell? Or
+possibly it was the fear of death, or God Almighty, or future
+punishment. Come now, out with it!"
+
+It was a thoroughly frightened boy who stood half an hour later in the
+prisoner's dock. "Give me some book on the Government of the United
+States," he exclaimed to the judge. "And give me a week in which to show
+that I am in earnest, and I will then volunteer." The judge was very
+grave. "Young man," he said sternly, "any boy that will eat the bread of
+the United States, that will enjoy the liberty of this country, and has
+had all the chances to climb to place that have come to you, and refuses
+to enlist, has something wrong with him, and it is only a question of
+time when he comes to the judgment day." To this the young man made the
+answer that he had been lazy, careless and ignorant; that he had allowed
+himself to become the tool of the runaway agitator, and then once more
+he asked that he might have a chance to enlist. With the help of
+friends, the judge and the draft board finally let him off and sent him
+to a camp for three months' intensive training. Then came the news that
+his company had been sent over seas, and within a short time thereafter
+in the list of casualties the name of this young foreigner appeared.
+But one letter reached this country, and that letter was notable for
+this sentence: "For the first time in my life I have had young Americans
+for my companions. The boys in my company have had a college education
+and they have taught me bravery, truth, self-sacrifice, kindness and
+chivalry. I have learned more in two months at the camp than in all the
+rest of my life put together. The companionship in my company and in my
+camp have saved my soul." It is this that explains the redemption of the
+slacker.
+
+
+2. Slackers versus Heroes
+
+Going through the long communication trench, between the ruined city of
+Rheims and an observation lookout, with its view of the German front
+trench, we passed several soldiers digging an opening in the soft white
+marl, into a parallel trench. The captain in charge called my attention
+to a French poilu. His hair was quite black, save for the half inch next
+to the scalp and that was white as snow. If one had lifted up his hair
+and estimated his age by the last two inches of the jet locks the poilu
+would have been about thirty-five, but the hair, pure white at the
+roots, and a glance at his face told us that he was fifty-five to sixty.
+
+"He passed inspection," said the captain, "by dyeing his hair, and
+several weeks ago he broke the bottle of dye. Now he is half scared to
+death for fear he will be thrown out, because he is at the beginning of
+old age. Still I have no better soldier, no stronger, braver man. But I
+am hoping much from a friend in Epernay, to whom I sent for a bottle of
+black hair dye."
+
+So long as the Frenchmen have that spirit France will never be defeated.
+
+Many weeks ago I was in a manufacturing town near Pittsburgh. The wind
+was sharp and chill. All overcoats were turned up at the collar. On a
+box stood a young Australian lieutenant. His cheeks held two fiery
+spots. He was telling the story of the second battle of Ypres. While he
+talked you walked with him the streets of the doomed city, you heard the
+crash of the great shells as they smashed through the public buildings;
+you witnessed the burning of the Cloth Hall and shivered as the noble
+structure fell. One laughed with him in his moments of humour and wept
+over the sorrows of the refugees. He pleaded with the Welshmen and the
+Cornishmen, and told them that the motherland was bleeding to death and
+that now every boy counted. He flogged his hearers, scoffed at them,
+praised them, wept, laughed, reviled, transformed and finally conquered
+them.
+
+At the close, shaking hands with him, lo! he was burning with fever,
+with skin hot and dry. "Lieutenant, you should be at the hotel, in bed.
+You will kill yourself speaking in this cold air."
+
+"Well," he answered, "there are plenty of our boys who are perfectly
+sound who will be killed inside of three months. I have the t. b.,
+(tuberculosis), but I believe that I can pull through a year. I have
+enlisted over one hundred coal miners from Wales and iron-workers from
+Cornwall. I am willing to die for the motherland, after a year of t. b.,
+since my pals will be dead within three months through bullets. And when
+I die I want to die with the consciousness that I have kept my manhood."
+
+I left that poor, wounded, half-dead young soldier with the feeling that
+I had been in the presence of a superior being.
+
+Over against these heroes stand the slackers. There are hundreds and
+thousands of young men from allied countries who are of draft age, who
+find refuge in this land. There are other thousands who have been
+exempted, one because he has a flat instep, another because he has had
+trouble with his eyes or his teeth; or has tuberculosis, in its initial
+form, or is a victim of bronchitis. Most of these men owe it to their
+country and themselves to tear up their exemption papers. They earn
+their living in this country, working ten hours a day, but they will not
+work six or eight hours a day for Old England, thus releasing some young
+man to go to the front.
+
+The question is not whether the youth has an exemption paper. The heart
+of the question is, Has he any moral right to accept an exemption? This
+war is being fought by untold thousands of soldiers who could obtain
+half a dozen exemptions. They prefer to run the risk of death in six
+months, to looking after their own hides and keeping well away from
+danger for the next six years or sixty. No one who has been in the coal
+regions or in the great mines of the Rocky Mountains but realizes that
+there are an enormous number of allied slackers in this country. They
+have left their country to its dire peril at a moment when Old England
+is bleeding to death--when every man counts and when the cripples, the
+invalids, the old men, the women, everybody who can give four hours or
+eight of work a day should enter the great war offices or commissary
+departments and do office work, and thus release the stronger men for
+their work at the front.
+
+The time has fully come when Americans should ask themselves the
+question whether or not they have a moral right to support with money
+that could be far better used, in the war stamp purchases or Red Cross
+work, all these slackers and cowards, at a time when the motherland asks
+them to throw away their exemption papers, in an hour when civilization,
+liberty and humanity are treasures trembling in the balance.
+
+
+3. German Stupidity in Avoiding the Draft
+
+Following the revolution of 1848 in Germany, multitudes of people fled
+from Prussia and Bavaria, and these fugitives, settling in the United
+States, organized colonies that grew until there were often one hundred
+families in a single community. Strangely enough, as the years went on,
+these Germans forgot the iron yoke they once had borne, until, when many
+years had passed by, it came about that time and distance lent a glamour
+to the landscape of the far-off Fatherland. Occasional letters from
+their relatives kept them in touch with the old German home. At last
+they quite forgot the militarism, the poverty, the cruel limitations and
+the hypocrisy of Germany. Familiarity also with the institutions of the
+Republic bred a kind of contempt. Through the imagination Germany became
+an enchanted land. When, therefore, war was declared these
+German-Americans came together in their clubs, beer gardens and German
+churches, to pledge unswerving fealty to the Kaiser and to the
+militarism from which once they had fled as from death itself.
+
+Last summer brought the Government draft to the young men of one of
+these German colonies. The week was approaching when the German boys
+must have their physical examination. American officers, American
+physicians and the members of the draft board were already in session
+in a certain town. One Sunday a German-American physician appeared in
+that community. That night some twenty or more young German-Americans
+met that physician. He told them plainly how deeply he sympathized with
+their unwillingness to turn their guns against their own German cousins
+and relatives in the Fatherland. Out of pity and compassion had been
+born his plan to save their limbs and perhaps their lives, and also to
+serve the Fatherland and the beloved Kaiser. "I have here," said the
+physician, "a certain heart depressant. It will slow your heart like the
+brake on an automobile. It is a simple coal-oil product. It is quite
+harmless. It was made by the well-known German firm of Baer & Company,
+chemists, and it is so cheap. I shall see to it that you are rejected
+for the draft. And--think of it!--only twenty-five dollars! For that
+little sum I will keep you from being wounded or killed. You will each
+one give me twenty-five dollars; then I will give you this bottle,
+holding five grains for Monday, ten grains for Tuesday, fifteen grains
+for Wednesday, twenty grains for Thursday, twenty-five grains for
+Friday, and on Saturday you will be rejected." Ten minutes later the
+necromancer had juggled twenty-five dollars out of the pocket of each
+newly drafted boy and into his own right-hand pocket.
+
+On Saturday these young men appeared before the draft board and the
+Government physicians. All the boys were in a dreadful condition
+nervously. Now the heart would drop to forty, and then at the slightest
+exertion run up to two hundred and twenty. All were dizzy, nauseated,
+yellow and green, feverish. But the Secret Service men knew every detail
+of what had taken place, and all the facts were in the hands of the
+draft board. A certain farmer's son, young Heinrich H----, was first
+examined. The United States physician counted a pulse that varied from
+forty to two hundred and twenty. The physician kept his face perfectly
+straight. "Marvellous heart! Regular as a clock! Strong as the throbbing
+of a locomotive. Seventy-two exactly! Absolutely normal. I congratulate
+you, young men, upon your fine heart action. A man is as old as his
+heart engine. A boy with a heart like yours ought to live to be a
+hundred years old. All you need is a change of climate. France will do
+the world for you. You may need a little heart stimulant, but I think
+that nothing hastens the pulse beat like a few rifle balls and bomb
+shells from Hindenburg." He sent every one of the twenty boys into the
+service, but separated them, one going to Camp Ayer, in Massachusetts;
+one to Camp Bliss, in El Paso, Texas, and the rest to camps in States
+between. In one Middle West community a German father and son went so
+far as to deaden pain through cocaine and then cut off the finger of the
+right hand. It is generally understood that both the father and son are
+now in two widely separated penitentiaries, reflecting each in his own
+cell upon the folly of treason and the crime of becoming a traitor to
+the kindest and best Government that has ever been organized upon our
+earth.
+
+
+4. "I'm Working Now for Uncle Sam"
+
+The long transatlantic train came to a dead stop at the division station
+in that great Southwestern State, where one was surrounded by
+sage-brush, the sand, the distant foot-hills and the far-off mountain
+range.
+
+One of the Pullman cars showed signs of a hot box, and a moment later
+the wheel burst into a mass of flame. In the thirty minutes' wait for
+repairs I made my way into the room where the conductors, engineers and
+firemen met. On a little table I found a copy of the address given
+before the railroad men of El Paso, Texas, by Secretary McAdoo.
+
+I called the attention of the different men to the address, to the
+clarity of the reasoning, the simplicity of the argument, the strength
+of the appeal and the glowing patriotism that filled all the pages. The
+pamphlet had been worn by much reading. It was covered with the black
+finger prints of busy men who had been working around the locomotives
+and tenders.
+
+Plainly Mr. McAdoo's speech had made a profound impression upon these
+employees. Having first of all called the attention of the large group
+of men to the creative work of Alexander Hamilton, the first Secretary
+of the Treasury, who struck, as Daniel Webster said, "the dry rock of
+national credit and abundant streams of revenue gushed forth," I asked
+these men whether there had been in one hundred and twenty-five years
+any forward movement in finance that was comparable to the benefits
+derived from the national reserve bank law, under Secretary McAdoo, a
+law that not only had prevented a panic in this country during this war,
+but had raised more billions within four years than the total cost of
+the Government in the first century of our existence.
+
+Late that afternoon, on the train, the conductor sought me out. In the
+midst of the discussion he drew out a roll of bills. He told me that in
+those mountain towns many of the ranchers did not buy their tickets at
+the stations.
+
+To use his expression, "They had it in for the railroads." "They pay me
+their fare in cash, and when I give them the receipt they tear up the
+receipt and wink at me. I always feel," he said, "like resenting these
+actions, because I know that they are incitements to petty theft, but
+now," he said, "I have my chance. I always tell them," said the
+conductor, "that money belongs to Uncle Sam. He runs this railroad,
+Uncle Sam takes this money.
+
+"With it he will buy guns for the American boys at the front and build
+ships to carry food that will feed these soldiers. I would rather lose
+that right arm than take one penny of money that belongs to Uncle Sam.
+This is my job to run this train. I tell my crew every day that we must
+make the coal produce every possible pound of steam, that every waste
+must be saved, and every pound of energy used and that we must run this
+train so as to help win this war."
+
+From morning till night I found that conductor was preaching that
+sentiment. His words were directly traceable to the words of Secretary
+McAdoo at El Paso, Texas. That single speech transformed these men.
+
+Measured by the results--truth that transforms life and changes conduct
+and character--that was a truly great speech. We must all hope much from
+this new sense of devotion to the interests of Uncle Sam.
+
+
+5. The German Farmer's Debt to the United States
+
+There are literally thousands of small German colonies in different
+parts of this country. In one far distant State is a community settled
+by about two hundred German families, who took up the land immediately
+after the Civil War.
+
+By some good fortune they settled in what is now one of the very
+richest sections in the United States. Land that they bought for $1.25
+an acre is now worth $250 an acre. In that community there are two
+German churches.
+
+Both pastors came from Germany, both were educated in German colleges,
+both read German newspapers and both insist upon carrying on a
+colloquial German school, with German teachers, German text-books and
+German standards.
+
+Little pressure was brought to bear upon these farmers during the First
+Liberty Loan. By many devices they succeeded in getting their boys away
+before the draft registration. While it was never proved technically
+that they had all pledged themselves not to oppose Germany, morally this
+is known to be the fact.
+
+October of 1917 came and the Second Liberty Loan was on. One day all
+these farmers received a printed card, saying there would be a meeting
+on Monday night, in connection with the Second Liberty Loan. "I find you
+made no subscription whatsoever to the First Liberty Loan. There are
+reasons why I think it best for me to advise you to attend this
+meeting."
+
+Every German farmer read that card several times. Who was this stranger
+who was coming into the community? Was he a Secret Service man? How did
+he find out that there had been a secret meeting of the Germans
+immediately after war had been declared against Germany? Each farmer
+began to ask himself: "Has any one quoted me?" Each one decided to
+attend that meeting.
+
+The meeting began at precisely seven o'clock. Only one man who had
+received the notice was absent, and his son brought a message concerning
+his father's absence. The stranger arose in his place, but left it
+uncertain as to whether he was a Secret Service man, a banker or a
+patriot interested in his country. He began with substantially these
+words:
+
+"Men, you are all German-Americans. I find that not one of you
+subscribed to the First Liberty Loan. You came to this country poor men.
+This Government sold you Government land for from a dollar and a quarter
+to two dollars and a half an acre. But you seem to have forgotten one
+thing. Your title deed to your farm rests upon your loyalty as citizens
+of the Republic. Whenever you refuse to support the people of the
+Republic you have by your own act annulled the title deed of your land.
+
+"If you refuse to support your Government in this war, you are a
+traitor, and when this is proved you will be shot. If secretly you have
+been sending money to the Kaiser to buy guns with which to kill American
+boys you have forfeited the title deed to your farm. Your property has
+become again the possession of the Government and people of the United
+States."
+
+By this time these farmers had their mouths open, and their faces became
+tense and alarmed. When his words had had time to sink in, the stranger
+went on: "I have here a statement as to the number of acres in each farm
+owned by each man in this room. The first man's name is Heinrich ----;
+you own 320 acres of land. It is worth at least $75,000. There is no
+mortgage on this farm. Heinrich, I think you had better buy $2,500 worth
+of Liberty Bonds. I am simply advising with you as a friend. I have made
+out an application for you, and all you have to do is to sign it.
+
+"My advice to every one of you is that you buy from three to five per
+cent, of the value of your farm. I want to say incidentally that I
+trust that there will never again be held a secret meeting of the
+Germans in this room to discuss the best way to avoid supporting the
+United States Government in this war against Germany, and how you can
+best help the Kaiser."
+
+That little sentence worked like magic. Every farmer in the room rose to
+his feet in his anxiety to rush forward to the table. Men literally
+struggled to see who should sign up first. Their enthusiasm for the
+United States Government was as boundless as it was sudden in its
+manifestation.
+
+Remember that there were only two hundred farmers in the room. And yet
+there are the best of reasons for believing that the men in that room
+bought that night nearly $200,000 worth of Liberty Bonds.
+
+
+6. "Sharper Than a Serpent's Tooth" Is an Ungrateful Immigrant
+
+One of the things that no patriot can ever understand is the ingratitude
+of the Germans who fled from the Fatherland to escape German militarism
+and autocracy.
+
+Lecturing in a Western State, I met a banker who had returned from a
+schoolhouse in a rural district where he had been talking about the
+Liberty Bonds to a German audience. One old German refused to attend
+this meeting. He was very bitter in his attacks upon our Government. He
+had made no subscription to the first two Liberty Loans; he had refused
+to help in the campaign for the Red Cross Fund; he insisted that he paid
+his taxes and that was all that the Government had any right to demand
+from him.
+
+He went one step further: The old man said that he had not read a single
+American newspaper since the war began, and that nothing but a German
+newspaper should cross his threshold until the war ended. Not until that
+banker descended upon this pro-German with the indignation of an
+outraged patriot did the rich old farmer capitulate.
+
+The story of that German is typical. He came to this country about 1859.
+When the homestead act was passed he received from the United States one
+hundred and sixty acres of land in the very centre of one of the richest
+States in this Union, and his one hundred and sixty acre farm is now
+worth about $100,000.
+
+When he ran away from Germany he was receiving twenty cents a day. He
+rose at daybreak, cleaned stables, milked cows, toiled in the field,
+began his milking after dark, worked sixteen hours a day, had nothing to
+eat except what could not be sold by his employer. He was a German
+plebeian, with no chance ever to improve his condition. He was ignorant,
+stupid, a mere beast of burden.
+
+So the German boy slipped across the line into Holland, came steerage to
+this country, slept among the rats of the ship, but the people of the
+United States welcomed that miserable refugee. The American school,
+without any charge, gave him four months' instruction every winter until
+he was twenty. The American people gave him a farm as a free gift. This
+Republic educated his children, his grandchildren and enriched them with
+land, office, honours and wealth. Once he hated autocracy and militarism
+in the Fatherland--but in 1918 he loved them.
+
+No sooner did the Kaiser invade Belgium and commit rape upon that land
+than this German farmer passed through a revulsion. Whatever the Kaiser
+did was right. If Germany did a thing it was proper. Germany had a right
+to break her solemn treaties; Germany had a right to sink the
+_Lusitania_; if Germany was out of iron ore she had a right to invade
+France and steal her iron mines. What had been crimes suddenly became
+virtues.
+
+Fleeing from the German tyrant in 1859, in 1918 the old farmer turned
+upon the United States that had befriended him.
+
+"If I have to make my choice, I choose the Kaiser."
+
+Mentally, it seems absurd. Morally, his was a monstrous position. But
+blood was thicker than water. Gratitude had no place in his heart.
+
+This old German regarded the gift of his farm by our people as a sign of
+weakness. The Republic gave him a homestead because he was a superior
+man. He actually had a belief that Germany would soon overrun the world;
+that the Kaiser would soon be enthroned in Washington; that some German
+in Iowa would supersede the Government in Des Moines, and he was simply
+getting ready, having made friends with the Kaiser's Government, to
+receive reward when the United States became a German colony.
+
+Who can explain the obsession?
+
+It is clear that the German-Americans had been drilled for forty years
+through their German newspapers in these ideas. Little by little they
+have been alienated from the institutions of the Republic. Slowly they
+have been led to believe that Berlin is soon to be a world capital and
+Kaiser Wilhelm the world emperor, while only Germans shall be allowed in
+this country to hold office or land, while all Americans become tenants
+and servitors thereto.
+
+Plainly this is what Siebert meant in his book, published five years ago
+in Berlin:
+
+"When we have reached our goal Germany must see to it that no race save
+the German race can have a title deed in land or carry weapons, just as
+in the first world empire no one but a Roman was allowed to own land or
+have a sword or spear."
+
+
+7. In Praise of Our Secret Service
+
+Of necessity our Secret Service work is carried on in silence and
+without blare of trumpets. The achievements of the Department of Justice
+cannot be proclaimed from the housetops. Everybody knows something about
+the crimes committed by the German agents. These spies, loyal with their
+lips, have in their hearts plotted innumerable crimes against our
+Government. They have dynamited our factories and warehouses; they have
+burned shops and planted bombs on ships; they have thrown trains from
+the track; they have poisoned the horses and mules upon the transports
+en route to France; they have fouled the springs of knowledge through
+their hired reporters; with all the cunning developed by long practice,
+they have spread their insidious and perilous influences into the
+remotest regions of the land. But over against these spies and secret
+agents have stood the United States Secret Service men, and with
+everything in favour of the German plotter, our defenders have beaten
+the German at his own game.
+
+War was declared against Germany on April 6, 1917. One Sunday night two
+or three weeks later a large company of German-Americans belonging to
+the secret German league met in their accustomed place of assembly.
+There were several hundred Germans present, but among them were three
+Secret Service men. The German lawyer who opened the meeting was very
+bitter. Having made certain that only German sympathizers were present,
+he went on to say that the occasion of this war could be traced to Wall
+Street. Certain rich bankers and American plutocrats had loaned perhaps
+a billion dollars to England. Since the war was going against England,
+these rich men were afraid that they would lose their investment. In
+their emergency they forced war upon Congress. The speech was clever,
+specious, cunning, shrewdly calculated to stir up passion. And the
+speech was applauded to the echo. The second speaker made a no less
+skillful appeal to the prejudices of the members of the secret
+German-American league. Since the war was a money war, originated by
+Wall Street, the Government could be defeated as to its plans only by
+money. Therefore, every member of the league must make his contribution;
+no one present but must give at least ten dollars. And, he added, in
+view of the fact that it was Sunday night and that some might be without
+money, and since no checks could be accepted, there were several German
+bankers present, who would be glad to advance money to the members who
+wished to make cash contributions. The Germans had provided in advance
+against every possible emergency.
+
+Then came the opportunity for the Secret Service men. The first one
+arose and began with an apology for a German brogue that in reality he
+was assuming. He spared no words in praising the first two speakers.
+"What a wonderful man was the Kaiser! What victories von Hindenburg had
+achieved! The Fatherland was standing with back against the wall. How
+wicked a nation was France, and Poland! What a black heart England had!"
+He pictured Germany as a lamb with fleece as white as snow, and a huge
+Belgian wolf jumping at the lamb's tender throat. "What an ambitious man
+was President Wilson. How eagerly had Congress waited until Germany was
+weak, and then rushed in to grab the fruits of war!" When this man sat
+down his hearers were in a state of rapturous upheaval. But scarcely had
+his voice ceased echoing in the air when the second Secret Service man
+arose. Having complimented the first two speeches by the German
+plotters, he said that he thought he represented the members in
+expressing the judgment that the third speaker had made a speech that
+was unrivalled in its statement as to the duty of the members toward the
+Kaiser and the beloved Fatherland. The second Secret Service man,
+therefore, moved that it be the sense of the meeting that the member who
+had just spoken be made secretary of the meeting, be custodian of the
+funds just contributed. In five minutes he had all the secrets of the
+meeting safely lodged in the hands of the first Secret Service man. At
+this point the third representative of the Government arose and
+nominated the second Secret Service speaker, who had just taken his
+seat, as teller to count the funds, and in recognition of this man's
+gifts the teller immediately afterwards appointed the third Secret
+Service man assistant teller. During the next three hours, in the
+secrecy of their own meeting, over twenty prosperous and influential
+Germans committed themselves against this Government.
+
+About midnight the secretary and the two tellers turned over to the two
+Germans who had made the two big speeches at the opening of the meeting
+the entire collection, which amounted to thousands of dollars. But at
+half-past twelve, as these two Germans were entering their hotel, four
+Secret Service men tapped them on the shoulder and promptly relieved
+them of the aforementioned thousands. One of these men is now working
+out his sentence in a Southern penitentiary and the other in a Western
+penitentiary. Their sentences were for twenty-eight years. The other men
+who defended Germany and attacked the United States are serving
+terms--some long and some short. It is a proverb that the wicked flee
+when no man pursueth. But Dr. Parkhurst coined a striking sentence when
+he added: "The wicked man makes better time in fleeing when the
+righteous Secret Service man pursues him with a sharp stick."
+
+
+_Printed in the United States of America_
+
+
+
+        *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Note:
+
+   Minor typographical errors have been corrected without note.
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BLOT ON THE KAISER'S
+'SCUTCHEON***
+
+
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+<h1>The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Blot on the Kaiser's 'Scutcheon, by
+Newell Dwight Hillis</h1>
+<pre>
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at <a href = "http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></pre>
+<p>Title: The Blot on the Kaiser's 'Scutcheon</p>
+<p>Author: Newell Dwight Hillis</p>
+<p>Release Date: October 1, 2007  [eBook #22821]</p>
+<p>Language: English</p>
+<p>Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1</p>
+<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BLOT ON THE KAISER'S 'SCUTCHEON***</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>E-text prepared by Suzanne Shell, Stephen Blundell,<br />
+    and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br />
+    (http://www.pgdp.net)</h3>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 260px;">
+<img src="images/001.png" width="260" height="400" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<h1>The Blot On<br />
+The Kaiser's 'Scutcheon</h1>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+
+
+<div class="bbox28"><p class="hd1">By Newell Dwight Hillis</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 35%; margin: 0em auto;' />
+
+<p class="c1">Each 12mo, cloth, net, $1.20</p>
+
+<p class="c1">STUDIES OF THE GREAT WAR<br />
+What Each Nation Has at Stake</p>
+
+<p class="c1">LECTURES AND ORATIONS BY HENRY WARD<br />
+BEECHER<br />
+Collected by Newell Dwight Hillis</p>
+
+<p class="c1">THE MESSAGE OF DAVID SWING TO HIS GENERATION<br />
+Compiled, with Introductory Memorial Address<br />
+by Newell Dwight Hillis</p>
+
+<p class="c1">ALL THE YEAR ROUND<br />
+Sermons for Church and Civic Celebrations</p>
+
+<p class="c1">THE BATTLE OF PRINCIPLES<br />
+A Study of the Heroism and Eloquence of the Anti-Slavery<br />
+Conflict</p>
+
+<p class="c1">THE CONTAGION OF CHARACTER<br />
+Studies in Culture and Success</p>
+
+<p class="c1">THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC<br />
+Studies, National and Patriotic, upon the America of<br />
+To-day and To-morrow</p>
+
+<p class="c1">GREAT BOOKS AS LIFE-TEACHERS<br />
+Studies of Character, Real and Ideal</p>
+
+<p class="c1">THE INVESTMENT OF INFLUENCE<br />
+A Study of Social Sympathy and Service</p>
+
+<p class="c1">A MAN'S VALUE TO SOCIETY<br />
+Studies in Self-Culture and Character</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 35%; margin: 0em auto;' />
+
+<p class="c1">FAITH AND CHARACTER<br />
+12mo, cloth, gilt top, net, 75 cents</p>
+
+<p class="c1">FORETOKENS OF IMMORTALITY<br />
+12mo, cloth, net, 60 cents</p>
+
+<p class="c1">HOW THE INNER LIGHT FAILED<br />
+18mo, boards, net, 25 cents</p>
+
+<p class="c1">RIGHT LIVING AS A FINE ART<br />
+A Study of Channing's Symphony<br />
+12mo, boards, net, 35 cents</p>
+
+<p class="c1">THE MASTER OF THE SCIENCE OF RIGHT LIVING<br />
+12mo, boards, net, 35 cents</p>
+
+<p class="c1">ACROSS THE CONTINENT OF THE YEARS<br />
+16mo, old English boards, net, 25 cents</p>
+
+<p class="c1">THE SCHOOL IN THE HOME<br />
+Net, 60 cents</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+
+<h1>The Blot On<br />
+The Kaiser's 'Scutcheon</h1>
+
+<p class="hd2">By</p>
+
+<h2>NEWELL DWIGHT HILLIS, D. D.</h2>
+
+<p class="hd3">Author of "German Atrocities," etc.</p>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 65px; margin-bottom: 3em;">
+<img src="images/002.png" width="65" height="100" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td class="td1">New York</td><td class="td4">&nbsp;</td><td class="td2">Chicago</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td3" colspan="3">Fleming H. Revell Company</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td1">London</td><td class="td4">and</td><td class="td2">Edinburgh</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<p class="center">Copyright, 1918, by<br />
+FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY</p>
+
+<div class="cpoem12">
+<p class="cu">Uniform with this Volume</p>
+<p class="center"><big><b>German Atrocities</b></big><br />
+<small>By NEWELL DWIGHT HILLIS<br />
+<small>Illus., Cloth, $1.00 net</small></small></p>
+
+<p class="ju">A Million and a Half
+Extracts from this book
+have been issued by the
+Liberty Loan Committee!</p></div>
+
+
+<div class="pub1">New York: 158 Fifth Avenue<br />
+Chicago: 17 North Wabash Ave.<br />
+London: 21 Paternoster Square<br />
+Edinburgh: 75 Princes Street</div>
+
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span></p>
+<h2>Contents</h2>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+
+<tr><td class="td11" rowspan="6">I.</td>
+<td class="td12" colspan="2">The Arch-Criminal</td>
+<td class="td15" rowspan="6"><a href="#Page_11">11</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">1.</td><td class="td14">The Kaiser's Hatred of the United States.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">2.</td><td class="td14">The Kaiser's Character Revealed in His Choosing the Sultan for His friend.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">3.</td><td class="td14">Pershing's Charges versus the Kaiser.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">4.</td><td class="td14">Who Taught the Kaiser That a Treaty Is a Scrap of Paper?</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">5.</td><td class="td14">The Plot of the Kaiser.</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td colspan="4">&nbsp;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="td11" rowspan="8">II.</td>
+<td class="td12" colspan="2">The Judas Among Nations</td>
+<td class="td15" rowspan="8"><a href="#Page_31">31</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">1.</td><td class="td14">The Original Plot of the Members of the Potsdam Gang.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">2.</td><td class="td14">The Berlin Schemers and Their Plot.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">3.</td><td class="td14">German Superiority a Myth That Has Exploded.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">4.</td><td class="td14">German Intrigues.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">5.</td><td class="td14">German Burglars Loaded with Loot Are the More Easily Captured.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">6.</td><td class="td14">Germans Who Hide Behind the Screen.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">7.</td><td class="td14">Must German Men Be Exterminated?</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td colspan="4">&nbsp;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="td11" rowspan="11">III.</td>
+<td class="td12" colspan="2">The Black Soul of the Hun</td>
+<td class="td15" rowspan="11"><a href="#Page_60">60</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">1.</td><td class="td14">German Barbarism Not Barbarism to the German.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">2.</td><td class="td14">The German "Science of Lying."</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">3.</td><td class="td14">The Malignity of the German Spies.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">4.</td><td class="td14">The Cancer in the Body-Politic of Germany.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">5.</td><td class="td14">Polygamy and the Collapse of the Family in Germany.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">6.</td><td class="td14">The Red-Hot Swords in Sister Julie's Eyes.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">7.</td><td class="td14">The Hidden Dynamite: The Hun's Destruction of Cathedrals.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">8.</td><td class="td14">The German Sniper Who Hid Behind the Crucifix.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">9.</td><td class="td14">The Ruined Studio.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">10.</td><td class="td14">Was This Murder Justified?</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td colspan="4">&nbsp;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="td11" rowspan="12">IV.</td>
+<td class="td12" colspan="2">In France the Immortal!</td>
+<td class="td15" rowspan="12"><a href="#Page_98">98</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">1.</td><td class="td14">The Glory of the French Soldier's Heroism.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">2.</td><td class="td14">Why the Hun Cannot Defeat the Frenchman.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">3.</td><td class="td14">"I Am Only His Wife."</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">4.</td><td class="td14">A Soldier's Funeral in Paris.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">5.</td><td class="td14">The Old Book-Lover of Louvain.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">6.</td><td class="td14">A Vision of Judgment in Martyred Gerb&eacute;viller.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">7.</td><td class="td14">The Return of the Refugees.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">8.</td><td class="td14">An American Knight in France.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">9.</td><td class="td14">An American Soldier's Grave in France.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">10.</td><td class="td14">"These Flowers, Sir, I Will Lay Them Upon My Son's Grave."</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">11.</td><td class="td14">The Courage of Clemenceau.</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td colspan="4">&nbsp;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="td11" rowspan="9">V.</td>
+<td class="td12" colspan="2">Our British Allies</td>
+<td class="td15" rowspan="9"><a href="#Page_132">132</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">1.</td><td class="td14">"Gott Strafe England"&mdash;"And Scotland."</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">2.</td><td class="td14">"England Must Not Starve."</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">3.</td><td class="td14">German-Americans Who Vilify England.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">4.</td><td class="td14">British vs. American Girls in Munition Factories.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">5.</td><td class="td14">The Wolves' Den on Vimy Ridge.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">6.</td><td class="td14">"Why Did You Leave Us in Hell for Two Years?"</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">7.</td><td class="td14">"This War Will End Within Forty Years."</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">8.</td><td class="td14">"Why Are We Outmanned By the Germans?"</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td colspan="4">&nbsp;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="td11" rowspan="8">VI.</td>
+<td class="td12" colspan="2">"Over Here"</td>
+<td class="td15" rowspan="8"><a href="#Page_164">164</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">1.</td><td class="td14">The Redemption of a Slacker.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">2.</td><td class="td14">Slackers versus Heroes.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">3.</td><td class="td14">German Stupidity in Avoiding the Draft.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">4.</td><td class="td14">"I'm Working Now for Uncle Sam."</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">5.</td><td class="td14">The German Farmer's Debt to the United States.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">6.</td><td class="td14">"Sharper Than a Serpent's Tooth" Is an Ungrateful Immigrant.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td13">7.</td><td class="td14">In Praise of Our Secret Service.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span></p>
+<h2>Publisher's Explanatory Note</h2>
+
+
+<p>These brief articles are sparks struck as it were
+from the anvil of events. They were written on
+trains, in hotels, in the intervals between public
+addresses. During the past year beginning October
+1, 1917, Dr. Hillis, in addition to his
+work in Plymouth Church, and as President of
+The Plymouth Institute, has visited no less than
+one hundred and sixty-two cities, and made some
+four hundred addresses on "The National Crisis,"
+"How Germany Lost Her Soul," "The Philosophy
+of the German Atrocities," and "The Pan-German
+Empire Plot," the substance of these
+lectures and addresses being given in the book,
+"German Atrocities," heretofore published.
+These articles are illustrative of and supplementary
+to the principles stated in that volume.</p>
+
+<p>While consenting to publication, the author
+was not afforded opportunity for full revision of
+this second volume, being again called over-seas
+just as this book was being put into type. This
+will account for the form in which the material
+appears.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span></p>
+<h2 class="lu">THE<br />
+ARCH-CRIMINAL</h2>
+
+<h2>I</h2>
+
+
+<h3>1. The Kaiser's Hatred of the United
+States</h3>
+
+<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">It</span> is a proverb that things done in secret
+soon or late are published from the housetops.</p>
+
+<p>Certainly everything that was hidden as
+to the plots of the Potsdam gang is, little by
+little, now being revealed.</p>
+
+<p>Nothing illustrates this fact better than
+that volume published in Leipsic in 1907,
+called "Reminiscences of Ten Years in the
+German Embassy in Washington, D. C."</p>
+
+<p>When that aged diplomat published the
+story of his diplomatic career he doubtless
+thought that the volume prepared for his
+children and grandchildren and friends was
+forever buried in the German language. It
+never even occurred to the Councillor of the
+Ambassador, von Holleben, that the book
+would ever fall into the hands of any American.
+The very fact that an American<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span>
+author found the volume in a second-hand
+bookstore of Vienna in 1914 and translated
+the three chapters on the Kaiser's representatives
+in the United States and the organization
+of the German-American League, must
+have roused the Foreign Department in
+Berlin to the highest point of anger.</p>
+
+<p>Children and diplomats oftentimes unconsciously
+betray the most important secrets.
+No volume ever published could possibly
+have revealed matters of greater moment to
+Germany than this volume of reminiscences
+that sets forth the propaganda carried on in
+the United States by Ambassador von Holleben
+and his legal councillor for the furthering
+of the Pan-German Empire scheme.</p>
+
+<p>No scholar can doubt the right of this old
+diplomat to speak. The Kaiser personally
+vouched for him by giving him this important
+duty. The honours bestowed at the end
+of his long diplomatic career tell their own
+story. Every page breathes sincerity and
+truthfulness. No one who reads this volume
+can doubt that this author gave the exact
+facts&mdash;facts well known to his German
+friends&mdash;in the recollections of his diplomatic
+career.</p>
+
+<p>This diplomat tells us plainly that von<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span>
+Holleben and himself were sent to the
+United States specially charged with the
+task of reuniting Germans who were naturalized
+in America with the German Empire.</p>
+
+<p>It was their duty to organize secret German-American
+societies in every great city
+like New York and Brooklyn, Chicago and
+Milwaukee, Cincinnati and St. Louis, and to
+present to these societies a German flag sent
+from the hands of the Kaiser himself.</p>
+
+<p>Their work, says the author, was based
+upon the fact that the Kaiser had passed a
+law restoring full citizenship in Germany to
+those Germans who had become naturalized
+citizens of the United States. When, therefore,
+these members of the German-American
+League formally accepted their restored
+citizenship their first duty was to the Fatherland
+and the Kaiser and their second duty
+to the United States and its Government.
+Indeed, this lawyer and author actually goes
+so far as to give extracts from von Holleben's
+speech before the German-American
+League in Chicago when he presented the
+society with a German flag and swore the
+members to the old-time allegiance.</p>
+
+<p>He says that in some way the editor of
+the Chicago <i>Tribune</i> found out about this<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span>
+meeting and wrote a very severe editorial,
+after which, he adds, that von Holleben and
+himself had to be more careful.</p>
+
+<p>Concerning the Milwaukee meeting, he refers
+to a conversation which revealed his
+judgment that if ever there was trouble between
+Germany and the United States the
+war would partake of the nature of a civil
+war. The author not only gives an account of
+the conference held at the Waldorf-Astoria between
+Ambassador von Holleben, Professors
+Munsterberg of Harvard and Schoenfield of
+Columbia and himself, on the one side, and
+Herman Ridder on the other, but he gives
+the instructions from Berlin that Herr
+Ridder could only keep his subsidy from the
+German Government for the New Yorker
+<i>Staats Zeitung</i> by placing his fealty to Germany
+first and subordinating his Americanism,
+and that otherwise Ambassador von
+Holleben would found a rival German paper
+that would have back of it "unlimited resources,
+to wit: the total resources of the
+German Empire."</p>
+
+<p>Here, then, is proof positive that the
+Kaiser began his efforts to establish a pro-German
+movement against the United
+States for several years before 1906 and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span>
+that he methodically kept it up until the war
+began.</p>
+
+<p>Through it all he claimed to be our sincere
+friend; but he was then, as he is to-day, an
+implacable and relentless enemy, with a
+heart laden with hatred and bitterness.</p>
+
+
+<h3>2. The Kaiser's Character Revealed in
+His Choosing the Sultan for His
+Friend</h3>
+
+<p>Nothing tests manhood like the choice of
+a bosom-friend. Criminals choose bad associates.</p>
+
+<p>Every Black Hand leader goes naturally
+towards the saloon, the gambling house and
+the dens where thieves congregate. Dickens
+made Fagin surround himself with pickpockets,
+burglars and murderers.</p>
+
+<p>History tells us that Christianity has always
+kept good company. Its friends have
+been architects, artists, poets and statesmen.
+Christianity repeats itself through its friends
+in the Gothic Cathedral shaped in the form
+of the cross, in the Transfiguration of
+Raphael, the Duomo of Giotto, the Paradise
+Lost of Milton, the In Memoriam of Tennyson,
+the Emancipation Proclamation of Lincoln.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span>
+Christianity has never formed any
+close friendships with jails, gallows or slave
+ships. Men like Gladstone and Lincoln always
+kept good company; their friends have
+been scholars and heroes; but, in striking
+contrast, consider the friends selected by the
+Kaiser.</p>
+
+<p>To the Kaiser came a critical hour; at
+that moment he was at the parting of the
+ways. It became necessary for him to make
+a choice of friends. Like every man, his isolation
+was impossible and friendship became
+a necessity.</p>
+
+<p>The Kaiser had the whole world from
+which to choose. Yonder in London were
+King Edward and his son, the Prince of
+Wales. In France were certain statesmen
+and scientists like Curie. There was the old
+hero living in the capital of Japan and two
+ex-Presidents known the world around for
+their splendid manhood; and he could have
+made overtures of friendship to any one of
+these brave men; but in the silence of the
+night the Kaiser passed in review earth's
+great men, and finally selected for his close
+friend the lowest of the low&mdash;the butcher,
+unspeakable butcher&mdash;the Sultan of Turkey.</p>
+
+<p>At that time the Sultan had just completed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span>
+the butchery of many Armenians.
+His garments were red with blood, his hands
+dripped with gore. His house was a harem;
+his hand held a dagger. The sea-wall behind
+his palace rose out of the blue waters
+of the Bosporus.</p>
+
+<p>When an American battle-ship was anchored
+there and a diver went down he
+pulled a rope and was brought up, shivering
+with terror, and saying that he found
+himself surrounded with corpses tied in
+sacks and held down by stones at the bottom
+of the sea.</p>
+
+<p>In that hour the Kaiser exclaimed: "Let
+the Sultan be my associate! I will go to
+Constantinople and sign a treaty with the
+unspeakable butcher."</p>
+
+<p>And so the Kaiser took his train, lived in
+the Sultan's palace, signed this treaty, and
+hired the Sultan's knife and club, just as the
+Chief Priest Annas chose Judas to be his
+representative upon whom he could load the
+responsibility for the murder of Jesus.</p>
+
+<p>Never was a friendship more damnable.
+Reared in a country that believed in the
+sanctity of the marriage relation and in
+monogamy, the Kaiser lined up with polygamy.
+The treaty that he made was thoroughgoing.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span>
+He sent out word to all Mohammedans,
+whether they lived in India or
+Persia, in Arabia or Turkey, that they must
+remember that the Kaiser had entered into a
+treaty to become their protector and friend.
+Having become a Lutheran in Berlin, he
+became a Mohammedan in Constantinople
+on the principle that "When you are in
+Rome do as the Romans do, and when you
+are in hell act like the devil"&mdash;a simple
+principle which the Kaiser proceeded to obey
+as soon as he reached Constantinople.</p>
+
+<p>Every one knew that the Kaiser wanted
+to build a German railroad through to Bagdad
+and the Persian Gulf; this would give
+him an outlet for surplus goods to be sold in
+India. Serbia lay straight across the path,
+and he had to work out some scheme to
+attack Serbia. Then he needed the Sultan's
+friendship, and the end justified the means&mdash;and
+the end was the Bagdad Railroad.</p>
+
+<p>But the Turk tired of being the Kaiser's
+tool; he wanted more land; the Armenian
+was in his way; the Turk was lazy, shiftless
+and a spendthrift. The Armenian was industrious
+and hard-working. The Turk's
+method of living made him poor. The gifts
+of the Armenian tended towards wealth.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span>
+Once in twenty years the Turk found himself
+a pauper and found the Armenian rich;
+the result was envy and covetousness on the
+part of the Sultan and his people. It became
+necessary to bribe the Turk to stand
+by the Kaiser and his Baghdad Railroad.
+The Kaiser's German officers, therefore, furnished
+the bribe.</p>
+
+<p>"Let us go to this Armenian village, or
+that, and kill the people. We German officers
+will take the large houses of the rich
+merchants and move into them, and your
+Turkish soldiers can kill the old men, use the
+Armenian girls for the harem, and fling the
+little children's bodies into pits dug in the
+garden behind the house. We will enter
+the village in the morning as soldiers; when
+the night comes, as Germans and Turks, we
+will be the only people living in the Armenian
+village, and we will move into their
+stores and take possession of their houses
+and their looms."</p>
+
+<p>"You cannot hang an entire nation," said
+Edmund Burke. "You must arrest the
+leaders and hang them." Burke was right
+as to the punishment of criminals, but he
+was wrong when it comes to murdering industrious
+and honest Armenians. You can<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span>
+murder an entire nation, for the Germans
+and the Turks have practically done it.
+Ambassador Morgenthau has just said that
+the Kaiser and the Sultan through their
+forces have murdered nearly a million Armenians.
+But, soon or late, remorse and
+conscience will take hold upon these two unspeakable
+butchers with hands that drip with
+blood&mdash;the butcher Kaiser, the butcher Sultan,
+that represent earth's two murderous
+twins.</p>
+
+
+<h3>3. Pershing's Charges versus the Kaiser</h3>
+
+<p>Nothing measures a man so accurately as
+the names he gives to his favourite son.
+Most significant, therefore, is the fact that
+the Kaiser named his second son Eitel,
+or Attila. Who was this Attila who has
+captured the imagination of the Kaiser?
+He was a Hun who devastated Italy fifteen
+hundred years ago. The motto of
+this black-hearted murderer Attila the Hun
+was: "Where my feet fall, let grass not
+grow for a hundred years." When the
+Kaiser read Attila's story he exclaimed:
+"That is the man for me!" First, he named
+his favourite son for Attila the Hun. Second,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span>
+in sending his German soldiers out to
+China, and later in 1914 to Belgium, he gave
+them this charge: "You will take no prisoners;
+you will show no mercy; you will
+give no quarter; you will make yourselves as
+terrible as the Huns under Attila." Plainly
+the Kaiser knew his men. He knew that
+they were capable of outdoing even that
+monster Attila the Hun. So he sent them
+forth to bayonet babes, violate old women,
+murder old men, crucify officers, violate nuns,
+sink <i>Lusitanias</i>, and turn solemn treaties into
+scraps of paper.</p>
+
+<p>Now over against the Kaiser's charge,
+black as hell, and big with death, witness
+Pershing's charge, reported loosely by a
+French boy, with his imperfect knowledge
+of English, translated out of the French
+newspapers on July 18, 1917. Pershing's
+brief address comes to this:</p>
+
+<p>"Young soldiers of America, you are here
+in France to help expel an invading enemy;
+but you are also here to lift a shield above
+the poor and weak; you will safeguard all
+property; you will lift a shield above the
+aged and oppressed; you will be most courteous
+to women, gentle and kind to little
+children; guard against temptation of every<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span>
+kind; fear God, fight bravely, defend Liberty,
+honour your native land. God have
+you in His keeping." "Pershing."</p>
+
+<p>The difference between yonder lowest hell
+in its uttermost abyss and yonder highest
+heaven, where standeth the throne of a just
+God, is not greater than the chasm that separates
+that unspeakable butcher, the Kaiser,
+from General Pershing and the American
+soldier boys, who have never betrayed in
+France, the noblest ideals of service cherished
+by the people of the American Republic.</p>
+
+
+<h3>4. Who Taught the Kaiser That a
+Treaty Is a Scrap of Paper?</h3>
+
+<p>Each month of this war clears away
+some clouds and reveals Germany as wholly
+given over to crime and treachery. At
+the beginning of the invasion of Belgium,
+the Kaiser spoke of his treaty safeguarding
+the neutrality of that little land as a "scrap
+of paper." At the moment no one seems to
+have realized whence the Kaiser had that
+cynical expression. Now the whole damnable
+story has been made clear. Twenty-five
+years ago the Kaiser, in one of his
+addresses, used these words:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"From my childhood I have been under
+the influence of five men&mdash;Alexander, Julius
+C&aelig;sar, Theodoric II, Napoleon and Frederick
+the Great. These five men dreamed
+their dream of a world empire; they failed.
+I am dreaming my dream of a world empire,
+but I shall succeed."</p>
+
+<p>Now why did the Kaiser over and over
+again proclaim his allegiance to Frederick
+the Great? How is it that he celebrates his
+ancestor, Frederick? This "scrap of paper"
+incident makes it all quite clear. The bitter
+waters gushing out of the Potsdam Palace
+go back to a bitter spring named Frederick
+the Great. The poisoned fruit that ripened
+in 1914 hangs on a bough whose trunk was
+planted by Frederick in far-off days.</p>
+
+<p>Among many musty old German books
+recently published is a little book by that
+same Frederick. The Prussian king was
+writing certain notes for the guidance of his
+sons and successors, among whom is the
+present Kaiser. In his page of counsels
+Frederick talks very plainly about the
+breaking of treaties:</p>
+
+<p>"Consider a treaty as a scrap of paper
+under any one of the following emergencies:
+First, when necessity compels it. Second,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span>
+when you lack means to continue the war.
+Third, when you cannot by any other means
+combat your ally or enemy."</p>
+
+<p>Then Frederick raises one question: "If
+the interests of your army or your people or
+yourself are at stake or you have to keep
+your word on one hand and your pledge
+word and treaty is on the other hand, which
+path will you take? Who can be stupid
+enough to hesitate in answering this question?
+In other words, treaties are to be
+kept when they promote your interest, and
+shamelessly broken when you gain thereby."</p>
+
+<p>The Kaiser, therefore, had from Frederick,
+his ancestor, this handbook on lying. In
+turn, the Kaiser gave this notion of the
+treaty as a scrap of paper to his Chancellor,
+Bethmann-Hollweg, who engraved, as
+has been said, "on eternal brass the infamy
+of Germany": "We are now in a
+state of necessity, and necessity knows no
+law. We were compelled to override the
+the just protest of Luxembourg and Belgian
+Governments. The wrong&mdash;I speak openly&mdash;that
+we are committing we will endeavour
+to make good as soon as our military goal
+has been reached. Anybody who is threatened,
+as we are threatened, and who is fighting<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span>
+for his highest possessions, can have only
+one thought, how he is to hack his way
+through."</p>
+
+<p>Guizot mentions "honour and fidelity to
+the pledged word" as one of the distinguishing
+elements of what is called "a civilized
+State." But this puts Germany among the
+barbarous savages. Three indictments and
+convictions have blackened the name of
+Germany throughout all the world. First,
+her atrocious and dishonourable methods of
+warfare; second, the carrying off into
+slavery of non-combatants, the Belgians and
+French, and third, the breach of the pledged
+word and the solemn treaties with other
+nations.</p>
+
+<p>But at last we know that Frederick the
+Great, the ancestor of the Kaiser, was the
+author of the phrase, "the treaty is a scrap
+of paper." What was once in the gristle in
+the ancestor is now bred in the bone of the
+Kaiser and Crown Prince. That phrase, "a
+scrap of paper," holds the germ of a thousand
+wars. It spells the ruin of civilization. Not
+to resent it by war, is for the Allies to commit
+spiritual suicide.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<h3>5. The Plot of the Kaiser</h3>
+
+<p>All the pamphlets issued secretly to the
+members of the Pan-German League invariably
+used Rome as their illustration.
+We are not surprised, therefore, to find that
+the German leaders called attention to
+the fact that it took two wars at intervals
+of some years to make Rome a world
+empire.</p>
+
+<p>In like manner, therefore, the Kaiser and
+his Cabinet told the German people at home
+and abroad that the first war, beginning in
+1914, would establish a Middle-Europe Empire
+extending from Hamburg on the North
+Sea to Bagdad on the Persian Gulf.</p>
+
+<p>One of the pamphlets issued many years
+ago fixed the countries to be conquered about
+1915, and distinctly mentioned Denmark,
+Holland, Belgium and North France, Poland
+and Rumania, Hungary and Austria, Serbia
+and Bulgaria, and the wheat granaries of
+Russia, with Turkey and Armenia.</p>
+
+<p>The number of people to be conquered and
+included after the first war was fixed at
+250,000,000.</p>
+
+<p>The argument states that it will take but
+a few years to compact this Middle-Europe<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span>
+Empire and that naturally Great Britain,
+Spain and Italy, to the west, with Norway
+and Sweden to the north, with Italy and
+Switzerland to the south, and of course
+Greece and Egypt would, from time to time,
+as crises came, fall inevitably into Germany's
+hand. Berlin, as the world capital, should
+by 1920 be the magnet, and the little particles
+of iron, named the Balkan States, would
+be drawn and held by this great German
+magnet in Berlin.</p>
+
+<p>The first step to be taken and the first
+goal to be reached concerned, of course, the
+English Channel, the Dutch cities on the
+mouth of the Rhine, and the iron mines of
+Northern France. We know to an absolute
+certainty all the details of this plan.</p>
+
+<p>For more than thirty years Germany had
+been organizing her army; she knew every
+road, inn, bridge, factory, shop, and wholesale
+store in Denmark and Holland, Belgium
+and France. In all of the larger ones she
+had German agents belonging to the Pan-German
+League toiling as workmen and
+every detail was planned out in advance.</p>
+
+<p>In 1910 General von Bissing, one of the
+Kaiser's closest friends, was sent to Brussels.
+For years he spent the summer months apparently<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span>
+at the watering places near The
+Hague in Holland and Ostend in Belgium,
+preparatory to the hour when Germany
+would seize Belgium and he assume his position
+as Governor-General, living in Brussels.</p>
+
+<p>Men nearing death tell the truth. In January
+of 1917 von Bissing prepared a memorandum
+for the direction of Belgian affairs
+in His Majesty's name and according to his
+wish. This document contains the meditations
+of a dying man. The statements he
+makes, he says, contain the views that inspired
+his every act in Belgium during his
+administration.</p>
+
+<p>In his last will and testament von Bissing,
+in the spring of 1917, advises the German
+Government in Berlin that the time has come
+to throw off all disguises. He says that at
+the beginning of the war it was probably
+good policy to deny that the Government
+ever intended to annex Belgium, but, he says,
+"now that we are victorious there is no
+reason why we should not publish to the
+world the fact that we never intend to give
+up one foot of the Belgian sea-coast, nor one
+ton of the Belgian coal, nor one acre of the
+French iron mines."</p>
+
+<p>He says plainly: "The annual Belgian<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span>
+production of 23,000,000 tons of coal has
+given us a monopoly on the continent which
+has helped to maintain our vitality. If we
+do not hold Belgium, administer Belgium in
+future for our interest and protect Belgium
+by force of arms, our trade and industry will
+lose the positions they have won in Belgium
+and perhaps will never recover them."</p>
+
+<p>And what about Dutch cities and seaports?
+On page eighteen of General von
+Bissing's last will and testament he adds:</p>
+
+<p>"Our frontier, in the interest of our sea
+power, must be pushed forward to the sea."
+This sentence makes it perfectly plain that a
+little later Germany intends to incorporate
+Rotterdam in her own customs union.
+"Belgium must be seized and held, as it now
+is, and as it is to-day it must be in the future.
+The conquest of Belgium has simply been
+forced upon us by the necessities of German
+expansion."</p>
+
+<p>Von Bissing, however, recognizes the difficulty
+of annexing Belgium and securing the
+consent of the members who shall arrange
+the treaty of peace at the conclusion of the
+war, and this is his decision:</p>
+
+<p>"Our best method, therefore, is to avoid,
+during the peace negotiations, all discussion<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span>
+about the form of the annexation and to apply
+nothing but the right of conquest.
+Plainly Belgium's King can never consent to
+abandon his sovereignty, but we can read in
+Machiavelli that he who desires to take possession
+of a country will be compelled to remove
+the King or regent, even by killing
+him."</p>
+
+<p>Von Bissing has torn off all masks. He
+himself states that he is speaking for the
+Kaiser, as his most trusted friend and counsellor.
+Germany intends, therefore, ultimately
+to kill King Albert of Belgium, and
+this carries with it that the Kaiser and his
+War Staff believe they have the right to kill
+any King or President who happens to stand
+in the pathway of their ambition. Every
+lover of mankind whose heart is knitted in
+with the poor and the weak will understand
+what that editor meant the other day when
+he said:</p>
+
+<p>"The one duty of the hour, therefore, for
+America, is to kill Germans, that we may
+keep the rest of the world from being
+killed."</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span></p>
+<h2 class="lu">THE JUDAS<br />
+AMONG NATIONS</h2>
+
+<h2>II</h2>
+
+
+<h3>1. The Original Plot of the Members
+of the Potsdam Gang</h3>
+
+<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">Many</span> historic meetings, big with social
+disaster, are recorded in history. Witness
+the meeting of the Athenian judges for
+the killing of Socrates. Witness the coming
+together of the priests and Judas for the
+piteous tragedy of the death of Jesus. Witness
+that midnight meeting of the conspirators
+in Florence for the burning of Savonarola.
+Terrible also the results of that
+meeting in the Potsdam Palace in 1896 that
+culminated in the Pan-German Empire
+scheme.</p>
+
+<p>What began as a spark that day has ended
+in a world conflagration.</p>
+
+<p>In retrospect the Kaiser and his associates
+had many events behind them to encourage
+the ambition to make Berlin a world capital,
+Kaiser Wilhelm the world emperor and all
+the other nations and races subject peoples.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Beginning in 1860 with thirty-five millions
+of people and only fifteen billions of dollars,
+Germany had climbed to greatness upon iron
+steps, heated hot by war. Never did wars
+yield so large a return.</p>
+
+<p>The war with Denmark had given Germany
+the Kiel Harbour, the Kiel Canal and
+a sea-coast for her ships.</p>
+
+<p>The war with Austria had given Germany
+the rich coal provinces of Central Europe.
+The war with France had given Germany
+the iron mines of Alsace and Lorraine.</p>
+
+<p>And here for the next war were Denmark
+and Holland, Belgium and northern France&mdash;so
+many jewel boxes that could be looted.
+To the eastward were Poland with her coal
+mines, Rumania with her oil fields and Russia
+with her wheat granaries. And once Central
+Europe became a Middle-Europe German
+Empire there was no reason why later on
+Germany should not extend her conquests to
+Russia on the east and England on the west,
+and then to North and South America.</p>
+
+<p>It was a great scheme. Never was prize
+so rich. Never could obstacles be so easily
+swept away. To make Berlin a world-capital
+and Kaiser Wilhelm a world-emperor
+only two things were needed.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Plainly the first thing to be done was to
+organize the Pan-German Empire League
+and educate the leading men of Germany&mdash;the
+ship owners, bankers, merchants and
+manufacturers, editors, ministers, priests and
+university professors.</p>
+
+<p>Local branch societies were organized in
+all the large German towns and cities.
+Weekly meetings were held, papers read and
+reports made. Slowly people of the middle
+class were included in the league. Documents
+marked "Secret and Confidential"
+were distributed, setting forth the details of
+the scheme.</p>
+
+<p>Full reports were made as to what Germany
+could make by seizing the fields of
+Denmark, the cities on the mouth of the
+Rhine in Belgium, the coal and iron mines
+of France, Poland and Russia, and also the
+undeveloped resources of the Valley of the
+Euphrates.</p>
+
+<p>Careful statements were prepared as to
+the difficulties that must be surmounted, but
+always this lure was held out&mdash;that the
+poorest German who then had nothing,
+would when Germany was victorious become
+a landowner, live in a mansion and drive
+his own automobile. Then he would have<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span>
+Russians and Frenchmen to wait upon him,
+since the German was a superman, intended
+for a patrician, while all other races were
+pigs, intended by nature to be bondsmen and
+plebeians.</p>
+
+<p>"The rest of the world is amassing wealth,
+and when the fruit is ripe then we Germans
+will pluck it"&mdash;this was their motto.</p>
+
+<p>Little by little the germ of world-ambition
+became a fever, burning in the soul of every
+German at home or abroad. It took twenty
+years to thoroughly inculcate every individual
+of the German race with this feverish
+ambition, but when 1914 came every German
+had gone over to the Pan-German
+scheme and was ready to die for it.</p>
+
+
+<h3>2. The Berlin Schemers and Their Plot</h3>
+
+<p>After all the Germans at home and abroad
+understood the Pan-German scheme of seditious
+intrigue in foreign countries and the
+vast web was spun and thrown out over all
+the cities and continents where the Kaiser's
+representatives were living, the second thing
+to be done was to make the plan clear by
+spreading it out like a great map. The
+method used, therefore, was pictorial.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The Department of Publicity in Berlin
+became experts on geography. They began
+to issue illustrated maps so that the rudest
+German peasants and the German colonists
+living in Milwaukee or El Paso, in Rio Janeiro
+or Buenos Aires, in Brussels or St. Petersburg,
+in Melbourne or Calcutta, could easily
+understand the method and the goal.</p>
+
+<p>Out of twenty maps issued in Berlin and
+reproduced by Andre Cheredame, no one is
+more important than the one marked "The
+Old Roman Empire." The simplest German
+miner understood the map at a glance
+and realized its meaning for the members
+of the Pan-German League. Here is old
+Rome marked world capital. Here is C&aelig;sar
+Augustus called the first world emperor.
+Here is Carthage with its capital looted and
+Roman peasants remaining after the victory
+to move into rich men's houses and estates
+of North Africa. And here also were the
+maps of conquered Palestine, Ephesus, Athens
+and Corinth. To be sure the old Romans
+had to become soldiers, but, later, did not
+each Roman soldier live in the rich gardens
+around Thebes, Ephesus and Corinth?</p>
+
+<p>Instantly the imaginations of the German
+peasants and workmen kindled. The Kaiser<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span>
+was right. What had been in Rome must
+be in Berlin. The Elbe must succeed the
+Tiber. Berlin shall be the second world-capital.
+Our Wilhelm shall be the second
+world-emperor. Germania shall be written
+straight across Europe from Hamburg on
+the North Sea to Bagdad on the Persian
+Gulf. Germans alone shall be allowed to
+carry weapons, as once only the Roman was
+allowed to own a spear; only Germans shall
+be allowed to hold title deeds to lands, even
+as once only Romans could hold a field or
+a house in fee simple. Old Rome won by
+becoming a military State.</p>
+
+<p>Did not the people of Rome go forth as
+soldiers and return with triumphal processions,
+with treasures of loot that took days
+to pass along the Appian Way, while the
+Romans stood cheering and the women and
+children sang and threw flowers in the path?
+Why should not the German army, between
+the reaping of the wheat in July and the
+threshing of the wheat in October, return
+from Brussels and Paris laden with treasure,
+while a second triumphal procession marched
+down Wilhelmstrasse?</p>
+
+<p>The German peasants kindled at this
+dream. Why should the German have to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span>
+live always on bologna sausage, drink beer,
+eat sauerkraut and live in ugly houses when
+the people of Paris and London drank champagne,
+ate roast fowl, wore French laces and
+the finest English wools? It was a wicked
+shame. Surely the German was intended
+for something better than sauerkraut and
+beer!</p>
+
+<p>"Two weeks and we will be in Brussels.
+Three weeks and we will have Paris. Two
+months and we will loot London."</p>
+
+<p>This was the plan. How significant that
+letter, taken from the dead body of a German
+boy found in No Man's Land, near
+Compi&egrave;gne.</p>
+
+<p>"Within three days, Liebschen, we will
+be in Paris. I intend to bring you a pocketful
+of Paris rings and jewels, with Paris
+gowns and laces."</p>
+
+<p>From the body of a German boy found
+near Lun&eacute;ville was taken this letter saying
+that, with his three companions, he had
+picked out four French farms and left the
+houses standing, and that his friends and
+himself had picked out these farms as permanent
+homes. Later he added that Heinrich
+thought it would be much better for
+them to wait until they smashed England<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span>
+and made Canada a German colony. Then
+they could own, not small French farms, but
+vast Canadian farms with a hundred tenants
+working for him in the valleys around Toronto
+and the vineyards of Winnipeg and
+orchards of Hudson Bay.</p>
+
+<p>Most shrewd and cunning, the plotters of
+the Potsdam gang. They knew how to feed
+the fires of envy and avarice in the German
+people. Every few weeks they placed new
+material in the hands of every German at
+home and abroad. They reminded each poor
+peasant and foreign colonist that he was a
+superman, and that by day and by night he
+was to prepare for the time when he would
+become the head of all the people of the
+town or industry with which he was related.
+Poor Germans in foreign countries dreamed
+their dreams of the time when they would
+be appointed by the Kaiser and Foreign Minister
+to take charge of the village in Mexico,
+the mine in Chile, or when they would be the
+tax collector in some distant province.</p>
+
+<p>We know now, from letters that have
+been found, that the German soldiers in
+France carried in their pockets a description
+by the German historian Curtius of the triumphal
+procession along the Appian Way,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span>
+when the Roman conquerors came home
+loaded with loot. These skillful German
+plotters printed at the bottom of Curtius's
+description the statement that each German
+soldier must look forward to a similar return
+from London, Paris and Brussels to march
+through the streets of Munich and Berlin.</p>
+
+<p>What a dream was this German dream!
+What treasures were to be brought into
+Berlin! What marbles and bronzes of Rodin
+stolen from Paris! At last Berlin was to
+own beautiful paintings, for the treasures of
+the Louvre were to be the Kaiser's.</p>
+
+<p>Never was there such a dream dreamed
+by peasants who soon were to become princes
+and kings and patricians. The German had
+exchanged the rye bread of 1913 for the
+"fog bank" of 1918; had given up German
+beer to grasp only empty, breaking bubbles.
+But it was a great dream while it lasted. In
+pursuance of his hope he sacrificed three
+million German boys, left dead in the fields
+of Flanders and France. He sent home four
+million German cripples. He filled the land
+with vast armies of widows and orphans.</p>
+
+<p>It could not have been otherwise. There
+has never been, and never will be, but one
+world city&mdash;Rome; and there has never been<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span>
+but one world-emperor&mdash;C&aelig;sar Augustus.
+There is to be one universal kingdom&mdash;and
+that is the kingdom of God, the kingdom of
+love, justice, peace and good-will. The German
+has been pursuing a will-o'-the-wisp.</p>
+
+<p>A world-kingdom will come, but no Kaiser
+will rule over that empire of love. In that
+world-parliament all the races shall be represented
+as equals; then the earth that has
+long been a battle-field shall become an Eden
+garden, where all are patriots towards the
+world-kingdom, and scholars towards the intellect,
+and self-sufficing towards the family,
+and obedient towards their God.</p>
+
+
+<h3>3. German Superiority a Myth That
+Has Exploded</h3>
+
+<p>Several years before the great war began
+a Dutch humorist wrote a play on German
+megalomania. He portrayed a German
+schoolroom in Prussia. Thirty or forty
+embryonic Prussians are at the desks and a
+Prussian schoolmaster is in the chair.</p>
+
+<p>"Children, what is the greatest country in
+the world?"</p>
+
+<p>All shouted vociferously, "Germany!"</p>
+
+<p>"What is the greatest city in the world?"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Berlin!"</p>
+
+<p>"Who is the greatest man in the world?"</p>
+
+<p>"The Kaiser!"</p>
+
+<p>"Should there ever be, children, a vacancy
+in the Trinity, who is best fitted to fill the
+position?"</p>
+
+<p>"The Crown Prince!"</p>
+
+<p>"Who are the chosen people of the good
+old German God?"</p>
+
+<p>"The German people!"</p>
+
+<p>Never was there a finer bit of sarcasm
+and yet the Germans were never able to understand
+the play. The Kaiser, the War
+Staff, the Cabinet, down to the last wretched
+creature working in the stables and the
+sewers, reading the play, exclaimed:</p>
+
+<p>"What is the man driving at? Why, of
+course the Germans are the greatest people
+in the world&mdash;we admit it!"</p>
+
+<p>Now, during the last few years the Germans
+have spent untold millions in propagating
+this myth of superiority, and yet the German
+intellect has never even had a second-rate
+position. Call the roll of all the tools
+that have redeemed men from drudgery and
+you will find that Germany's contributions
+are hopelessly inferior to the other nations.</p>
+
+<p>The new industrial era began with the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span>
+locomotive and steamship; James Watt invented
+the one and Stevenson the other.</p>
+
+<p>The new era of physical comfort began
+with the loom; a Frenchman named Jacquard
+and an Englishman named Arkwright
+made men warm for their work in winter.
+Garments within the reach of the poor man
+in forest and factory, field and mine, means
+the cotton gin, and that gin is the gift of
+an American. The sewing machine changed
+woman's position, but the world owes that to
+our own Elias Howe.</p>
+
+<p>We owe the telegraph to an English inventor
+and, in part, to Morse. We owe the
+cable in part to Lord Kelvin and, in part, to
+Cyrus Field. We owe the telephone to Bell
+and the wireless to Marconi.</p>
+
+<p>Holland invented the submarine, Wright
+the airplane, McCormick the reaper and
+Edison the phonograph.</p>
+
+<p>An American invented the German submarine;
+an American invented the German
+torpedo; an American invented the German
+machine-gun; an American invented the
+Murphy button, the yellow fever antitoxin,
+the Dakin solution.</p>
+
+<p>An English physician discovered the circulation
+of the blood, Jenner gave us vaccination,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span>
+Lister antiseptics, France the Pasteur
+serums and the Curie radio discoveries, while
+a Bulgarian, Dr. Metchnikoff, discovered the
+enemies of the blood.</p>
+
+<p>It was from France, England and the
+United States that Germany stole the typewriter,
+the steel building, the use of rubber,
+the aniline dyes, re&euml;nforced concrete bridges,
+air-brakes, the use of electricity.</p>
+
+<p>One of the most amazing volumes in the
+world is the "History of Tools and Machinery."
+We have all known for a long time
+that there is not one single German name
+among the eight great masters of painting
+that begins with Rembrandt and includes
+men like Velasquez and Giotto. We have
+long known that there is no German sculptor
+of the first class nor a German sculptor that
+is within ten thousand leagues of Rodin,
+Michael Angelo or Phidias. We have long
+known that Schubert and Schumann and
+Rubinstein and Haydn and Chopin were all
+Jews, and that three-fourths of the other so-called
+German musicians were Jews whose
+ancestors suffered such frightful political
+disabilities in Germany and were so regularly
+looted of all their property that they
+gave up their Hebrew names and took German,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span>
+just as now thousands upon thousands
+of Germans in this country, ashamed of their
+names, are Americanizing their family title.</p>
+
+<p>The simple fact is that if a Jew will only
+write the creative music, like that of Beethoven,
+a German whose gift is detail will
+conduct the orchestra.</p>
+
+<p>The German can standardize a machine,
+providing an Englishman, a Frenchman or
+an American will first invent it. The German
+will gather up the remnants and scraps
+and odds and ends in a clothing factory&mdash;but,
+oh, think of an American gentleman
+having to wear the coat that was cut by a
+tailor in Berlin or Munich! Having during
+ten different summers looked at their garments,
+all one can say is that the German
+men and women are covered up but not
+clothed.</p>
+
+<p>For thirty years the Germans have paid
+their representatives to stand on the corner
+of the street and bawl out to every passer-by:
+"Great is the Kaiser! Great are we
+Germans! Let all people with cymbals,
+sackbut, shawms and psaltery cry aloud, saying
+'Great is the Kaiser and all his people!'"</p>
+
+<p>And now suddenly the myth has burst like
+a bubble. The delusion is exploded. The<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span>
+Kaiser has found out that it is dangerous to
+blow too much hot air into a German bladder.</p>
+
+<p>Measured around the stomach in the Hofbraus
+in the presence of a barrel of beer, the
+Prussian and the Bavarian are great; but
+the hat band requires the least material of
+any made in four countries.</p>
+
+<p>For the time has come to confess this simple
+fact that for any one great tool, or art,
+or contribution to science created by a German
+there are four invented by either an
+American, an Englishman or a Frenchman.</p>
+
+
+<h3>4. German Intrigues</h3>
+
+<p>The spider's web stretched out over a
+flower bed with a great fat spider at the
+centre and the threads along which the
+spider runs to thrust its poisoned sting into
+the enmeshed butterfly is nature's most
+accurate symbol of the vast web of espionage
+lying over North and South America with
+secret threads that vibrated to the touch of
+the spider at the centre named Berlin.</p>
+
+<p>In that web thousands of German-Americans
+were enmeshed. The records of our
+Secret Service concerning these German<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span>
+enemies of the American Government read
+like a book of assassinations or like a history
+of the black arts. When the whole story
+comes to be told it will horrify the world.</p>
+
+<p>The quality of the German-Americans that
+Berlin bribed is set forth in the reminiscences
+of Witte when he says that the Kaiser and
+the Foreign Department paid Munsterberg
+of Harvard University $5,000 a year salary
+and that Munsterberg was the most successful
+and efficient spy that the German system
+had ever developed.</p>
+
+<p>In the long list of German agents are to
+be found the names of German-American
+bankers who received secret decorations and
+medals from the German Government; of
+German merchants who were partners in this
+country of firms in the Fatherland and were
+bribed by a ribbon and an invitation to the
+Potsdam Palace; of German newspaper men
+who were under German pay, and, most
+amazing of all, among the papers seized in
+the office of a German Consul was found a
+commission appointing this Consul in an
+American city to the office of Governor-General
+of one of the greatest States of
+Canada as soon as Canada became a German
+colony.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Many of the threads from Berlin ran into
+the various cities of Mexico. A German
+head office was set up under the general
+direction of Zimmermann in Berlin and of
+von Bernstorff in Washington. Certain
+large institutions that did business in Mexico,
+working in the same field, were quietly
+elbowed out of Mexico, and an American
+company, ostensibly American, but controlled
+by Germans, took over the business
+of the other firms under special arrangement
+with Mexico. Pledges were given Mexico
+that as soon as Germany had reduced Canada
+and the United States to the position of
+German colonies, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona,
+Nevada and California should be
+handed back to the Mexicans.</p>
+
+<p>Millions were spent by the German Foreign
+Office as ordinary men spend dollars. The
+German spies, like Boy-Ed and von Papen,
+arranged to blow up American munition
+factories and held dinners waiting for a
+telephone message saying that the magazine
+had just exploded or the depot had taken
+fire or a scow had been sunk, after which
+they drank the health of the man who
+lighted the match.</p>
+
+<p>German agents burned up wheat elevators<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span>
+with hundreds of millions of dollars' worth
+of wheat; they fired warehouses, blew up
+bridges, wrecked munition plants, destroyed
+shiploads of food, dynamited the House of
+Parliament in Ottawa, sank the <i>Lusitania</i>
+near Ireland, spread glanders among the
+horses in Sweden, poisoned the food in
+Rumania, sank the ships of Norway, plotted
+against the Argentine Republic. Their
+spies, dynamiters, secret agents, were in
+every capital and country because it was
+their purpose to make Berlin a world capital,
+Kaiser Wilhelm the world emperor and to
+Germanize the people of the whole earth.</p>
+
+<p>The web had as its centre the Potsdam
+Palace, but its black lines ran out into all
+the earth.</p>
+
+
+<h3>5. German Burglars Loaded With Loot
+Are the More Easily Captured</h3>
+
+<p>It seems that Germany has published, for
+the Spaniards, a list of treasures she has won.
+In the long calendar the reader finds that
+eight States&mdash;Belgium, France, Poland, Rumania,
+Russia, Serbia, Armenia, Italy&mdash;have
+all been looted.</p>
+
+<p>The Germans claim they have spoiled over<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span>
+three hundred first class cities, several thousand
+secondary cities and towns; they add
+that they have destroyed seventy-three
+cathedrals and looted them of their priceless
+treasures of statues, paintings, stained glass,
+vessels of silver and gold.</p>
+
+<p>With brazen audacity the German pamphlet
+tells the Spaniards that they have seized
+so many hundred thousand watches, so many
+hundred thousand rings, so much treasure of
+diamonds and jewels, so many paintings
+from rich men's houses, and the long boast
+ends with the statement that they "obtained
+nearly five billions of loot out of western
+Russia and have assessed two billions more
+upon the farmers, villages and cities of
+Ukraine."</p>
+
+<p>But the boast is an idle and empty boast.
+It is true that no army of the Allies has
+crossed the German frontier to permanently
+hold a city. But let no man think that Germany
+has succeeded because of the richness
+of her loot. There is a success that is failure.
+There is a victory that is defeat.</p>
+
+<p>Macbeth killed Duncan and went to live
+in the palace of the dead king, but did
+Macbeth succeed? Was not his palace a
+brief halting place in his journey towards<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span>
+remorse, insanity and the day when Duncan's
+friends in turn slew Macbeth?</p>
+
+<p>The rich judges of Athens succeeded and
+Socrates failed. They went home to drink
+wine and feast, while Socrates went to the
+jail to drink a cup of poison. But who
+succeeded? The judges whose names are
+written low down and bespattered with
+dirt&mdash;or Socrates, whose name fills the sky
+and who has become the thinker for the
+world?</p>
+
+<p>What if the Kaiser does boast of his
+successes to-day? So boasted Nero&mdash;sending
+Paul to his rags, crusts and the dungeon
+preparatory to the headman's axe. But it is
+Nero that lost out, and it is Paul who reigns
+a crowned king.</p>
+
+<p>The chief priests celebrated their victory;
+at the close of the day, after they had succeeded
+in crucifying Jesus; but after nineteen
+centuries the murderers are unknown
+and almost forgotten, while that young carpenter
+rules over His Empire of Love.</p>
+
+<p>To-day the Kaiser claims to have won the
+victory of "a superman." In that he has
+carried murder, arson, lying, rapine, lust up
+to the <i>nth</i> power, let us concede his claim.
+Not otherwise two hundred years ago the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span>
+Indian, with his scalping knife, his war-whoop
+and his tomahawk, was "a superman" in
+terms of savagery. Not otherwise the
+Spaniards under Bloody Alva were "supermen"
+in terms of rack, thumbscrew and instruments
+of torture.</p>
+
+<p>But what savages once did in the little,
+the Kaiser and his men now do in the large.
+But because the Kaiser can publish a long
+list of wealth gained&mdash;by breaking his
+treaties, by murder, arson and lust&mdash;let no
+man think that he is successful.</p>
+
+<p>The two Biddle brothers looted the Bank
+of England, but they became outcasts upon
+the face of the earth, and always the
+dungeon yawned for them, just as the
+Kaiser and von Hindenburg never sleep at
+night without a vision of an oak tree, a long
+bough and a hemp rope dangling at the end,
+for the hemp is now twisted that will one
+day choke to death the murderous Kaiser
+and his War Staff.</p>
+
+<p>Let no patriot, whether he lives in Spain,
+Russia or the United States, forget that ours
+is a world ruled by men who were defeated.</p>
+
+<p>To-day on the thrones of the world are
+the heroes, like Paul and Demosthenes; the
+martyrs who were burned with Savonarola<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span>
+in Florence or poisoned with Socrates in
+Athens.</p>
+
+<p>To-day, the soldiers of Marathon and
+Marston Moor, Gettysburg and the Marne
+now rule the world.</p>
+
+<p>The treasure of the burglar and the brigand
+dissolves like snowflakes in a river.</p>
+
+<p>Long ago the Hebrew poet said: "I have
+seen the wicked flourish like a green bay
+tree, and then I lifted up my eyes, and, behold!
+he was not." And when a little time
+has passed all lovers of liberty and humanity
+will exclaim: "During four years I have
+seen the Kaiser and von Hindenburg flourish
+as the green bay tree, and I lifted up mine
+eyes, and, behold! they were not. For the
+breath of His nostrils had slain them."</p>
+
+
+<h3>6. Germans Who Hide Behind the
+Screen</h3>
+
+<p>Two thousand years are a long time in
+terms of history.</p>
+
+<p>Many damnable tools have been invented
+during these twenty centuries. The rack,
+the thumbscrew, the tomahawk, the fagot
+belong among these devilish instruments.</p>
+
+<p>Cruelties so terrible have been devised<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span>
+that old scholars often felt unwilling to believe
+that men were so low in the scale as to
+have been the authors of these methods of
+fiendishness.</p>
+
+<p>In the hope, therefore, of keeping respect
+for man many scholars transferred all responsibility
+unto devils. They called in
+Satan and made him to be the father of hate
+and cruelty. They could not believe that
+Nero, Judas or Torquemada could conceive
+such wickedness. They therefore made the
+devil with his cloven feet and his long tail to
+whisper these cunning suggestions in the ear
+of the traitor. Thus the responsibility for
+unwonted cruelty was divided between the
+murderer and the devil who counselled the
+black crime.</p>
+
+<p>Perhaps the most damnable thing that was
+ever suggested by the devil in two thousand
+years is this little object called the German
+soldier's token. Never did an object so small
+send forth cruelties so large and manifold.</p>
+
+<p>The little disc is stamped out on thick
+paper for German privates and upon aluminum
+for the officers. At the top of this
+cardboard is the portrait of that awful being
+called by the Kaiser "our good old German
+God."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Look at his white hair, the long beard and
+the great sword in the right hand, with the
+suggestion that since God uses the sword the
+German soldier must cut men to pieces also.</p>
+
+<p>Beneath you see flames gushing up, suggesting
+to the German soldier that he is
+quite right in burning the houses of France
+and Belgium after he has looted them, and
+for flinging the dead bodies into the blazing
+rafters. Now read the words written beneath
+the face of the being the Germans call
+God.</p>
+
+<p>"Strike them all dead. The Day of
+Judgment shall ask you no questions."</p>
+
+<p>Strike dead old men and women! Dash
+the children's brains out against the stone
+wall! Violate young girls! Mutilate their
+fair bodies so that they will be unseemly
+when they are found by the husband or
+father. Burn, steal, kill&mdash;but remember
+that your Kaiser and the War Staff have
+promised to stand between you and God
+Almighty and the Day of Judgment! Even
+if Jesus did say, "Woe unto them that
+offend against my little ones," you must remember
+that your Kaiser and officers have
+promised you immunity on the Day of Judgment.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>That is what is meant by the sentence on
+page thirty-one in the German handbook of
+"War on Land": "That which is permissible
+to the German soldier is anything whatsoever
+that will help him gain his goal
+quickly."</p>
+
+<p>Nothing better illustrates the total collapse
+of manhood in the Germans than this
+soldier's token.</p>
+
+<p>A coward by nature, the German is afraid
+to kill and steal, and so he invented a screen
+behind which he could hide and named it
+"the soldier's token."</p>
+
+<p>Going into a French village the Germans
+collect the women and children, order them
+to march in advance, shoot a few to terrorize
+the rest, and then, hiding behind this living
+screen, the Germans march forward. In
+this way they protect themselves.</p>
+
+<p>The whole history of the human race contains
+no chapter of atrocity like the atrocity
+of the Germans. The history of the world
+contains no story of cowardice so black and
+damnable as the cowardice of the Germans.
+Out of cowardice the soldier's token was
+born.</p>
+
+<p>And so the Kaiser and the War Staff invented
+this round piece of cardboard, with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span>
+the representation of God as going forth
+with His sword to kill men and with His
+flames to burn them and with the motto:
+"Strike them all dead, for the Day of
+Judgment will ask you no questions."</p>
+
+<p>Therefore among the instruments of
+cruelty, called the rack, the fagot, the
+thumbscrew and the tomahawk, let us give
+the first place to the German soldier's token,
+the most damnable weapon that has come
+out of hell during the last two thousand
+years.</p>
+
+
+<h3>7. Must German Men Be Exterminated?</h3>
+
+<p>A singular revulsion of sentiment as to
+what must be done with the German army
+after the war, is now sweeping over the civilized
+world. Men who once were pacifists,
+men of chivalry and kindness, men whose
+life has been devoted to philanthropy and
+reform, scholars and statesmen, whose very
+atmosphere is compassion and magnanimity
+towards the poor and weak, are now uttering
+sentiments that four years ago would
+have been astounding beyond compare.
+These men feel that there is no longer
+any room in the world for the German.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span>
+Society has organized itself against the
+rattlesnake and the yellow fever. Shepherds
+have entered into a conspiracy to exterminate
+the wolves. The Boards of Health
+are planning to wipe out typhoid, cholera
+and the Black Plague. Not otherwise, lovers
+of their fellow man have finally become
+perfectly hopeless with reference to the
+German people. They have no more relations
+to the civilization of 1918 than an
+orang-outang, a gorilla, a Judas, a hyena, a
+thumbscrew, a scalping knife in the hands
+of a savage. These brutes must be cast out
+of society.</p>
+
+<p>Some of us, hoping against hope, after the
+reluctant confession of the truth of the German
+atrocities, have appealed to education.
+We knew that Tacitus said, nearly two thousand
+years ago, that "the German treats
+women with cruelty, tortures his enemies,
+and associates kindness with weakness." But
+nineteen centuries of education have not
+changed the German one whit. The mere
+catalogue of the crimes committed by German
+officers and soldiers and set forth in
+more than twenty volumes of proofs destroys
+the last vestige of hope for their future.
+Think of the catalogue! Babies nailed like<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span>
+rats to the doors of houses! Children skewered
+on a bayonet midst the cheers of marching
+Germans&mdash;as if the child were a quail,
+skewered on a fork! Matrons, old men and
+priests slaughtered; young Italian officers
+with throats cut and hanging on hooks in
+butchers' shops; the bombing of Red Cross
+hospitals and nurses and the white flag;
+everything achieved by civilized man defiled
+and destroyed&mdash;reverence for childhood and
+age, the sanctity of womanhood, the standards
+of honour, fidelity to treaties and all
+destroyed, not in a mood of drunkenness or
+a fit of rage, but on a deliberate, cold, calculated
+policy of German frightfulness.</p>
+
+<p>The sense of hopelessness as to civilizing
+the German and keeping him as an element
+in the new society grew out of the breakdown
+of education and science in changing the
+German of the time of Tacitus. Plainly the
+time has come to make full confession of the
+fact that education can change the size but
+not the sort. The German in the time of
+Tacitus was ignorant when he took the children
+of his enemy and dashed their brains
+out against the wall; the German of 1914
+and 1918 still butchers children, the only
+difference being that the butchery is now<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span>
+more efficient and better calculated, through
+scientific cruelty, to stir horror and spread
+frightfulness. The leopard has not changed
+its spots. The rattlesnake is larger and has
+more poison in the sac; the German wolf
+has increased in size, and where once he tore
+the throat of two sheep, now he can rend
+ten lambs in half the time. In utter despair,
+therefore, statesmen, generals, diplomats,
+editors are now talking about the duty
+of simply exterminating the German people.
+There will shortly be held a meeting of surgeons
+in this country. A copy of the preliminary
+call lies before me. The plan to be
+discussed is based upon the Indiana State
+law. That law authorizes a State Board of
+Surgeons to use upon the person of confirmed
+criminals and hopeless idiots the new painless
+method of sterilizing the men. These surgeons
+are preparing to advocate the calling
+of a world conference to consider the sterilization
+of the ten million German soldiers,
+and the segregation of their women, that
+when this generation of German goes, civilized
+cities, states and races may be rid of
+this awful cancer that must be cut clean out
+of the body of society.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span></p>
+<h2 class="lu">THE BLACK<br />
+SOUL OF THE HUN</h2>
+
+<h2>III</h2>
+
+
+<h3>1. German Barbarism Not Barbarism to
+the German</h3>
+
+<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">Strictly</span> speaking, the only man who
+thoroughly understands the cruelty of
+the Germans is the German himself. No
+American or Englishman, no Belgian or
+Frenchman has the gift of telepathy that
+enables him to know what is going on in
+the German mind that guides the German's
+hand in committing his horrible atrocities.
+Now and then, in a moment when he is off
+guard, an occasional German reveals the explanation,
+and we look in, just as John
+Bunyan's pilgrim saw the door into Hades
+opened by a little crack, through which he
+looked upon the flames. Not otherwise was
+it with that German in Baltimore, who
+recently exposed the German mind, and
+from the German view-point explained the
+Germans in their hour of brutality.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>During a most intimate and personal conversation
+with a banker, this German, the
+other day, explained his people's atrocities
+by saying that what is barbarism and
+atrocities to England, France or the United
+States is not barbarism at all to the Germans.
+In proof of this astounding statement
+the German gave this personal incident of
+his boyhood. He said that in his gymnasium
+there was another boy who had something
+that he wanted. When the opportunity
+came, being the stronger, he jumped upon
+the other boy, beat him up terribly and
+made him a cripple for life. On reaching
+his home he showed his parents what he had
+stolen, and he was patted on the back,
+praised for his might with his fists, and told
+that that was the method he was to follow
+in after life.</p>
+
+<p>He insisted that this sort of thing was
+drilled into every German boy, and for that
+reason it never once even occurred to him
+that he had done wrong. "After I became
+a man I settled in America, and as I came to
+understand the spirit of American civilization
+it grew upon me that I had committed a
+crime, and now for twenty-two years, as
+some atonement for my sin, I have been<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span>
+supporting that crippled man and his
+widowed mother."</p>
+
+<p>The modern banker has become a sort of
+confessor, and to the banker many sins are
+revealed as once to the priest. Nothing is
+more significant than this German confession
+and his philosophy of the German atrocity.
+In his own written letter concerning that
+crime of his boyhood this German adds:
+"Had I remained in Germany no one would
+ever have thought of suggesting to me that
+I had done wrong, and it would never have
+entered into my head that I was under any
+obligation to the man I had maimed. In
+the light of American civilization I understand
+the difference, and I am seeking to
+atone for my sin, but all Germans have been
+taught, as I was taught. The Germans,
+therefore, in their campaign of frightfulness,
+are committing deeds which from the view-point
+of American civilization are barbarous,
+but from the view-point of Germans are not
+crimes at all."</p>
+
+<p>The significance of this frank confession of
+a German, his story of how America had redeemed
+his soul out of the spirit of force and
+cruelty into the spirit of kindness, humanity
+and justice, reveals more of the real nature<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span>
+of the German beast and the Potsdam gang
+than a thousand volumes on the philosophy
+of German atrocities. The simple fact is
+that the crimes of the Germans are abominable
+atrocities to us, but that intellectually
+and morally the German officer and soldier
+simply do not know what we mean by our
+horror and the wave of moral indignation
+that has swept over the earth. Jesse Pomeroy
+used to pull canary birds apart, and
+tortured children to death. But the boy
+was deficient in the nerve of humanity. He
+simply stared with blank eyes when the
+judge and the jury condemned him. He
+was incapable of knowing what the excitement
+over the dead body was about. On
+the side of compassion and humanity the
+German is, as it were, colour blind, is without
+musical sense, and the nerves of kindness
+and humanity are atrophied. The ordinary
+German prisoner when shown the bodies left
+behind after the flight of the German army
+simply looks blankly at the mutilated corpse
+and exclaims: "Well, what of it? Why
+not? Why shouldn't we?" and shrugs his
+shoulders, taking it as a matter of course.
+That is another reason why a great number
+of American business men, bankers, merchants,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span>
+manufacturers, scholars, statesmen,
+have reluctantly been forced to the conviction
+that the ten millions of German soldiers
+should be painlessly sterilized, that the German
+people (saving only the remnant who
+accept Jesus' idea of compassion and kindness
+towards God's poor and weak) should be
+allowed to die out of the world. Re-read,
+therefore, what this German has said about
+the teaching of his German parents and the
+German people in praise of cruelty, and how
+for twenty years now, redeemed by life in
+the United States, he has tried to make
+atonement by supporting the man whom he
+had crippled, and also his mother. Who
+shall explain to us the reason why German
+barbarism is not barbarism to the Germans?
+Why, this German shall explain it, through
+his personal experience as a criminal. But
+the day will come when the Potsdam gang
+and ten million German soldiers will stand
+before the judgment seat of God. And
+what shall be the verdict then pronounced?
+You will find it in the New Testament:
+"'Out of thine own mouth will I judge
+thee,' thou wicked and cruel German!"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<h3>2. The German "Science of Lying"</h3>
+
+<p>For the first time in history a nation has
+organized lying into a science and taught
+deceit as an art.</p>
+
+<p>At the very time when the diplomats of
+the world have refused any form of secrecy
+and insist upon publishing all international
+treaties and doing everything in the open,
+Germany has organized lying into a national
+science. Even Maximilian Harden, editor of
+<i>Zukunft</i>, openly acknowledges this in one of
+his editorials reproduced in the papers of
+Denmark and Holland.</p>
+
+<p>Harden comes right out in the open. He
+tells the German people that at the beginning
+of the war it was necessary to say to
+the world that Germany was fighting a defensive
+war, that her back was against the
+wall, that those wicked enemies named England
+and France, Russia and Belgium were
+leaping upon her like wolves.</p>
+
+<p>Of course, says Harden, at first that was
+good diplomacy, but now that we are successful,
+"Why say this any longer? Let
+the Kaiser and his Chancellor tell the world
+plainly that we decided upon this war<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span>
+twenty-five years ago; that during all of
+these years we were preparing cannons and
+shells; that we drilled ten million men
+against 'Der Tag'; that we wanted this
+war, that we planned this war, that we
+forced this war and that we are proud of it."</p>
+
+<p>With one stroke Harden has torn off the
+mask. He exhibits the Kaiser as the prince
+of liars. If his words mean anything, they
+mean that what has long been surmised is
+absolutely true, namely, that Germany wished
+some one would kill the Austrian Prince and
+Princess so as to start the war, for which
+Berlin had prepared everything, down to the
+last buckle on the harness of the horses.</p>
+
+<p>General von Bissing is not less open.
+Dying men are not apt to tell lies. When
+he saw that the end was coming the Governor-General
+of Belgium prepared what he
+called his "last will and testament."</p>
+
+<p>As a close and intimate friend of the
+Kaiser, he left a letter with his will asking
+the German Government carefully to consider
+his wishes. He says plainly that all of
+the statements that Berlin never intended to
+annex Belgium were pure camouflage. He
+urges the Berlin office to flatly declare its
+purpose never to give up a foot of the Belgian<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span>
+coast nor an acre of the conquered territory
+of north France and Belgium.</p>
+
+<p>"It is of no consequence," he says, "that
+we have given a solemn pledge not to annex
+Belgium. Why not tell the world that we
+will have failed in the one thing for which
+we set out if we evacuate Belgium? We
+need Belgium's coast line for our shipping."</p>
+
+<p>He adds that Germany has used twenty-three
+million tons of Belgian coal and has
+taken as much more iron ore out of France's
+basin in Briey. "We cannot live and compete
+with France and England if we give up
+the coal and iron mines that we have conquered
+and the harbours that we have won."</p>
+
+<p>Having affirmed, therefore, that the German
+Government lied at the beginning in
+claiming that they entered Belgium fighting
+a defensive warfare, General von Bissing
+cast about for some one behind whom he can
+hide as a screen and who can be used as an
+authority for lying. He finds his guide and
+leader in "The Prince," written by Machiavelli.
+That book has often been called
+the treatise on the art of lying. Never was
+such cunning exhibited. Never was the
+father of lies invoked with such skill as by
+the German leaders. In their sight truth is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span>
+contemptible, kindness is weakness, honour is
+a figment.</p>
+
+<p>But the individual, the city, or the empire
+that builds its life on lies builds its house on
+sand. Soon the rains will descend and the
+floods come, the winds will blow, and the
+house will fall, and great will be the fall of
+it.</p>
+
+<p>The German is like a thirsty man who
+tries to quench his thirst by drinking scalding
+water. He is like a hungry man who
+tries to satisfy his appetite by eating red-hot
+coals.</p>
+
+
+<h3>3. The Malignity of the German Spies</h3>
+
+<p>Disturbed by many events in their city,
+the Secret Service men guard very carefully
+the speakers for the Liberty Loan, the Red
+Cross or the Y. M. C. A. hut work. Fearing
+lest some German agent might injure the
+good name of their town, the Secret Service
+men of a certain community recently told the
+following incident, merely as a warning to
+all public speakers who might, by their
+words, arouse the enmity of half-balanced
+German fanatics. Because it was intended
+to put us all upon our guard, and because<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span>
+no interest could possibly be injured, but
+many persons be benefited, the incident is
+here set forth in detail. The speaker was
+a young lawyer, of position, influence and
+fine education, who was serving his country
+during the period of the war.</p>
+
+<p>"One morning I received my assignment
+through a sealed envelope. Experience told
+me that I was to take up the work of some
+other Secret Service man and complete the
+task. Of course, one Secret Service man
+does not know who else is in the service.
+Since the war began we go by numbers,
+rather than by our names. When I opened
+my envelope I found these directions: 'Go
+to No. &mdash;&mdash; &mdash;&mdash;. Wait until there is no
+customer in the tobacco store. Then put
+down on the counter two ten-cent pieces, and
+say to the woman, "I want that package of
+green leaf tobacco." When you have left
+the store, open the package, and you will
+find full directions therein.' I followed the
+instructions strictly, and out on the street I
+opened the package, and found a large key
+and a small one, with these words written:
+'Go to No. so-and-so (mentioning a third-class
+little apartment house in one of the
+worst districts in the city). The large key<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span>
+will open room No. 14. The small key will
+open a little writing table in the room. In
+the drawer of that table you will find full
+directions.'</p>
+
+<p>"I soon found the apartment house,
+climbed to the second floor, found my large
+key turning in the lock, and the small key
+opened the drawer in the desk. In that
+drawer I found these words: 'The man we
+want is in the adjoining room. He will
+come in about seven o'clock, but he may not
+come until eleven or twelve. It is important
+that we have his testimony. Don't wound
+him seriously or kill him. You will find a
+hole bored through the door between your
+room and his. That hole is filled with
+putty, but underneath the putty is wax.
+Warm the wire in the drawer in the gas
+jet and melt the wax.'</p>
+
+<p>"I waited until eleven o'clock for the man
+to come in. For a while he sat on the bed,
+with his back towards me. He was reading.
+Finally he lifted his pillow to shake it up,
+and I caught sight of a big revolver under
+the pillow. For several reasons I decided
+to do nothing until he had fallen asleep. I
+kept my ear glued to that little hole for one
+hour after he turned out his light. When<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span>
+he was sleeping soundly I went into the hall,
+with my skeleton key turned the lock in the
+door, and then with my lantern in the left
+hand and my revolver in the right made one
+bound into the room, struck my light and
+my revolver into his face under the light
+and shouted: 'Hands up!' Within three
+minutes I had him handcuffed and within
+ten had him bound. In that room, when
+the police came at my call, we found enough
+chemicals and powerful explosives to have
+blown up the entire block. In his satchel
+were found incriminating letters, secret documents,
+and, with their help, we soon landed
+the entire crowd. All have now been taken
+care of. Their flames were stamped out before
+they were kindled." That one incident
+was only one of a series of closely-related
+dramatic events. Outwardly, life in that
+city is very safe, simple and straightforward,
+but as to the forces of evil, the anarchists,
+the I. W. W.'s and German plotters the patriot
+can only say that but for the Secret
+Service and the police and the Department
+of Justice, society could not go on for one
+single month.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<h3>4. The Cancer in the Body-Politic of
+Germany</h3>
+
+<p>To-day, physicians and surgeons count the
+cancer man's deadliest enemy. Every year
+this baffling disease takes large and larger
+toll of human life. From time to time experts
+come together to plan its limitation,
+but meanwhile the terrible disease increases.
+Addressing a company of experts recently,
+a great physician exclaimed: "Even if we
+can stop its growth by radium, it still remains
+for us to get rid of the growth itself.
+There seems to be no way to lift the evil
+cells out save through the knife, after which
+nature must heal the wound. Science knows
+no other way." Plainly, no magic can be
+invoked. No miracle assists the surgeon.
+His one recourse is to the knife, and after
+that the healing forces of nature.</p>
+
+<p>Let us confess that the knife has a large
+place in the extermination of social diseases.
+Militarism is a cancer on the German body-politic,
+just as slavery was once a cancer
+fastened on the fair body of the great South.
+That disease had fastened itself upon the
+South many years before the Civil War.
+Like a cancer, it spread its roots throughout<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span>
+the whole social and economic structure of
+the Southern States. It poisoned trade. Its
+virus was in the body of law. It destroyed
+kindness and sympathy for the weak.
+Slavery debased the poor white working-man.
+It made the white fathers of mulatto
+children so cruel that they sold their own
+flesh and blood. Overseers became brutes.
+Slave drivers stood up and bid upon their
+own children in the auction markets. Slowly
+the disease spread. Men became alarmed.
+They tried everything excepting the knife
+held in the hand of war surgeons. Clay
+recognized the cancer in the body politic.
+He proposed compromise as a poultice.
+Garrison and Phillips proposed the amputation
+of the diseased limb. John Brown tried
+to put sulphuric acid upon the sore spots and
+eat it out through the flames of insurrection.
+Lincoln knew that it was a case of life or
+death. The Republic could not endure half
+slave and half free. All measures failed.
+Finally the god of war went forth and lifted
+a knife heated red hot and cut the foul
+cancer out of the body and saved the fair
+South. When many years had passed nature
+healed the wound and saved the life of the
+Republic.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Germany, Austria and Turkey to-day are
+patients in a world hospital. It is plain that
+they are stricken with death. The foul
+cancer of militarism has fastened itself upon
+Germany. The cancer of autocracy is eating
+into the vitals of Austria. The cancer
+of polygamy is enmeshed in the life of
+Turkey. Of late the disease has been
+spreading. Now these surgeons, named
+Foch, Haig and Pershing, have been
+anointed by the ointment of war black and
+sulphurous, and, lifting their scalpel, these
+men have been ordained to cut out the foul
+growth from the body-politic of Germany.
+Perchance there is still enough vital force
+left therein to heal the wound after the
+disease has been removed. Meanwhile, the
+sick man of Turkey struggles. The patient
+hates the knife. The diseased body will not
+have the only instrument that holds possible
+cure, and yet, despite all his struggle, the
+disease must come out. Slowly the surgical
+process goes on. One root at Verdun was
+cut, and now another is being sundered in the
+West. Much blood flows, but the blood is
+black and foul. Every cell in the German
+body-politic seems to be diseased. Medicines
+must be found. The stimulants of sound<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span>
+ethics and morals must be invoked&mdash;after
+that it is a question of the recuperative
+forces of intellect and conscience in the German
+people. These forces alone can heal
+the wound left after the foul cancer has been
+cut away. To-day, men with a large mind,
+blessed with magnanimity, kindness and
+good-will must stay their hearts upon history,
+that shows us that in the past in our own
+country slavery was a cancer cut out by the
+surgeons of war, and that after a long time
+the great South recovered its health, its
+beauty and its usefulness.</p>
+
+
+<h3>5. Polygamy and the Collapse of the
+Family in Germany</h3>
+
+<p>The unexpected influences of this war
+upon Germany herself is a striking consideration.
+Few men anticipated the far-off results
+of the Kaiser's alliance with the Sultan
+and his polygamous philosophy. During the
+past two years the German newspapers,
+magazines and debates in the Reichstag have
+been filled with startling suggestions concerning
+the family. The <i>Berliner Lokalanzeiger</i>,
+on March 7, 1916, published a statement
+urging that "every girl should be<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span>
+given the right on reaching twenty-five
+years to have one child born out of wedlock,
+for which she should receive from the state
+an annual allowance."</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Krohne, in his address before the
+House, says: "The decline of the birth rate
+in Germany has proceeded three times as fast
+as in the preceding twenty-five years. No
+civilized nation has hitherto experienced so
+large a decline in so short a time. Our annual
+number of births falls already to-day by
+560,000 below what we had a right to expect.
+We should have to-day 2,500,000
+more inhabitants than we have." Commenting
+thereupon, the <i>Berliner Lokalanzeiger</i>
+demands that "illegitimate children should
+be put socially and morally on a level with
+the legitimate."</p>
+
+<p>When, therefore, the Kaiser cast about for
+an alliance with some man who could be his
+bosom friend and could love what he loves,
+the Kaiser chose the Sultan with his polygamy
+and the Moslem teaching with its
+harem. No British or French officer, therefore,
+was surprised when documents like the
+following began to be found on the dead
+bodies of young German officers. This document
+is a verbatim and absolutely accurate<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span>
+copy of one of the many now deposited in
+the various departments of Justice and the
+War Departments in Havre and Paris:</p>
+
+<p>"Soldiers, a danger assails the Fatherland
+by reason of its dwindling birth rate. The
+cradles of Germany are empty to-day; it is
+your duty to see that they are filled. You
+bachelors, when your leave comes, marry at
+once the girl of your choice. Make her your
+wife without delay. The Fatherland needs
+healthy children. You married men and
+your wives should put jealousy from your
+minds and consider whether you have not
+also a duty to the Fatherland. You should
+consider whether you may not honourably
+contract an alliance with one of the million
+of bachelor women. See if your wife will
+not sanction the relation. Remember, all of
+you, the empty cradles of Germany must be
+filled.</p>
+
+<p>"Your name has been given us as a capable
+man, and you are herewith requested to
+take on this office of honour, and to do your
+duty in a proper German way. It must here
+be pointed out that your wife or fianc&eacute;e will
+not be able to claim a divorce. It is, in fact,
+hoped that the women will bear this discomfort
+heroically for the sake of the war. You<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span>
+will be given the district of &mdash;&mdash;. Should
+you not feel capable of carrying on the task
+allotted to you, you will be given three days
+on which to name some one in your place.
+On the other hand, if you are prepared to
+take on a second district as well you will become
+'drekoffizier' and receive a pension.
+An exhibition of photographs of women and
+maidens in the district allotted to you is to
+be seen at the office of &mdash;&mdash;. You are
+requested to bring this letter with you."</p>
+
+<p>This is an amazing document. Plainly the
+German family has broken down. But no
+household can be built on free love in 1918,
+just as no stone building can be erected on
+hay, stubble or sand. The German family
+has gone, and German society is tottering
+towards its final ruin.</p>
+
+
+<h3>6. The Red-Hot Swords in Sister Julie's
+Eyes</h3>
+
+<p>The history of heroism holds nothing finer
+than the story of Sister Julie, decorated by
+the French Government with the Cross of
+the Legion of Honour. She lived in the little
+village of Gerb&eacute;viller, now called "Gerb&eacute;viller
+the Martyred." On August 27th the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span>
+French army broke the line of the German
+Crown Prince and compelled the Huns' retreat.
+General Clauss was ordered to go
+northeast and dig in on the top of the ridge
+some twelve miles north of Gerb&eacute;viller. The
+Germans reached the village at nine o'clock
+in the morning, and by half-past twelve they
+had looted all the houses and were ready
+to burn the doomed city. The incendiary
+wagons were filled with the firebrands
+stamped 1912. Beginning at the southern
+end of the village, the German officers and
+soldiers looted every house, shop, store and
+public building, and then set fire to the town.
+At last they came to the extreme northern
+end, where a few houses and the little hospital
+over which Sister Julie had charge,
+were still standing.</p>
+
+<p>About noon a German colonel with the
+blazing firebrand in his right hand stood in
+front of Sister Julie's house. It has been
+said that there are flaming swords in the
+eyes of every good woman. In that terrible
+hour the face of Sister Julie proved the
+proverb. She told the German officer that
+these few houses that were left were filled
+with wounded French soldiers, with here
+and there a wounded German. The Hun<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span>
+answered that his men would remove the
+Germans who were wounded, but that the
+buildings must be fired. Behind him were
+several hundred buildings blazing like one
+fiery furnace. Sister Julie stood squarely
+across the path of the Hun. "While I live
+you shall not enter. You shall not kill these
+dying men. I swear it by this crucifix!
+Your hands are already red with blood.
+God dwells within this house. Look at this
+figure of Jesus, who said, 'Woe unto him
+that offends against one of my little ones.
+These shall go away into everlasting hell.'
+I myself will bear witness against you. You
+have murdered our fifteen old men. All
+their lives long these old men did us good
+and not evil. Look at the little girls you
+have slain. God Himself will strike you
+dead." General Clauss stood dumb. He
+was embarrassed beyond all words. Fear
+also got hold upon him. He turned and
+disappeared into a group of his soldiers.
+Two or three minutes passed by. A German
+colonel came to Sister Julie. He told
+her that the houses used for wounded soldiers
+would be spared by General Clauss
+provided Sister Julie would agree to continue
+her ministrations to the wounded Germans<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span>
+lying in her hospital. As General
+Clauss already knew that this had already
+been done, and would be, the Germans
+marched away, leaving the hospital buildings
+uninjured. It was a victory of the soul
+of a noble woman.</p>
+
+<p>One morning last summer Sister Julie
+showed her decorations. Her face was kind,
+gentle and motherly. Her atmosphere was
+peace and serenity. She seemed a tower of
+strength. It must have been easy for dying
+French boys in those rooms to have identified
+Sister Julie with Mary the Mother, who
+saw her son dying on the cross. Later on
+we met an aged woman of martyred Gerb&eacute;viller.
+She had been nursing in the hospital
+and had stood behind Sister Julie when
+she forbade General Clauss to light the firebrands.
+"What did Sister Julie say?" we
+asked the old woman. "Oh, sir, I do not
+know, and yet I do know. She told them
+that she would ask God to strike them dead.
+In that moment I was afraid of her. She
+seemed to me more to be feared than General
+Clauss and all his wicked army. I can
+tell you what our good priest says about
+Sister Julie." "And what is that?" The
+old woman could not quote the verse accurately,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span>
+but from what she said we were soon
+guided to a chapter in the old Bible, and
+there was the verse that described Sister
+Julie, with arms uplifted at the door of her
+hospital and denying access to General
+Clauss. The verse was this: "And lo! an
+angel with a flaming sword stood at the gate
+and kept the garden."</p>
+
+
+<h3>7. The Hidden Dynamite; the Hun's
+Destruction of Cathedrals</h3>
+
+<p>In one group of ruined cellars that was
+once a splendid French city, there is a beautiful
+building standing. It is rich with the
+art and architecture of the sixteenth century.
+The lines are most graceful and the structure
+is the fulfillment of Keats' line: "A thing
+of beauty is a joy forever." Such a building
+belongs not to the French nation, but to
+the whole human race. An architect like
+the man who planned this noble building is
+born only once in a thousand years. Every
+visitor to that ruined town asks himself this
+question: "Why did the Germans allow this
+building to remain?" An incident of the
+story of Bapaume throws a flood of light
+upon the problem.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>One year ago, when the Germans were retreating
+from Bapaume, they looted every
+house, burned or dynamited every building
+save the H&ocirc;tel de Ville. That city hall the
+Germans left standing in all its majesty and
+beauty. In front of the building they
+placed a placard containing in substance the
+statement that they left this building as a
+monument to Germany's love of art and
+architecture.</p>
+
+<p>Secretly, however, in the cellar of this
+noble building the Germans buried several
+tons of dynamite. To this dynamite they
+attached a seven-day clock. They set the
+seven-day clock to explode at eleven o'clock
+one week after the Germans had retreated.
+These beasts worked out the theory that the
+largest possible number of British and French
+officers and public men would be inspecting
+the building at that hour of the day.</p>
+
+<p>The plot was successful. Their devilish
+cunning was rewarded and their hate glutted.
+The clock struck the detonator, the dynamite
+exploded, blew the building and the
+visitors into atoms. Standing in the ruined
+public square, one sees nothing but that
+great shell pit where the earth opened up its
+mouth and swallowed a monument builded<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span>
+to beauty and grandeur. This other building,
+therefore, that stands in the city fifty
+miles to the south of Bapaume is there for
+the sole reason that the seven-day clock
+failed to explode the dynamite&mdash;not because
+of any love of architecture that possessed the
+Germans. It is there to tell us that some
+part of the mechanism of death failed to
+connect.</p>
+
+<p>In analyzing the German mind nothing is
+more certain than the fact that they lack a
+fine sense of humour and are often quite
+devoid of imagination.</p>
+
+<p>As for sculpture, nothing can be more
+hideous than the statues of the fifteen
+Prussian kings that do not decorate, but
+simply vulgarize, the avenue leading towards
+Magdeburg. The vast broad statue of
+Hindenburg, to which the Germans come to
+drive nails and scratch their names in lead
+pencils, reminds one of the occasional public
+buildings in this country defaced by thoughtless
+and vulgar boys. Nor is there anything
+in the world as ugly as the German sculptor's
+statue of the present Kaiser out at Potsdam
+Palace, unless it be the statue of an Indian
+in front of a tobacco store down in Smithville,
+Indian Territory, though even this is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span>
+doubtful. It hardly seems possible that one
+earth only 7,000 miles in diameter could hold
+two statues as ugly as that of the Kaiser!</p>
+
+<p>It is this singular lack of imagination and
+failure to understand the beautiful that explains
+the systematic destruction by the
+German army of the glorious cathedrals, the
+fourteenth century churches, libraries, ch&acirc;teaux
+and h&ocirc;tels des villes that were the
+glory and beauty of France.</p>
+
+<p>"If we cannot have these vineyards and
+orchards," said the Germans, "Frenchmen
+shall not have them."</p>
+
+<p>So they turned the land into a desert.
+Not otherwise the German seems to feel
+that if he cannot build structures as beautiful
+as these glorious buildings in France that he
+will not leave one of them standing.</p>
+
+<p>Next to the Parthenon in Athens and
+St. Peter's in Rome, perhaps the world's
+best loved and most admired building was
+the Cathedral of Rheims. There Joan of
+Arc crowned Charles IX; there for centuries
+the noblest men of France had gone
+to receive their offices and their honours. A
+building that belonged to the world. What
+treasures of beauty for the whole human
+race in the thousand and more statues in the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span>
+cathedral! How priceless the twelfth-century
+stained glass! What paintings which
+have come down from the masters of Italy!
+Whoever visited the library and the Cardinal's
+palace without exclaiming: "What
+beautiful missals! What illuminated manuscripts?"</p>
+
+<p>Fully conscious of the fact that they were
+impotent to produce such treasures the Germans,
+unable to get closer to the cathedral
+than four miles, determined to destroy them.
+Day after day they bombed the noble
+cathedral. Gone now, too, the great stone
+roof! Fallen the flying buttresses, ruined
+the chapels. Perished all the tapestries, the
+rugs and the laces. Water stands in puddles
+on the floor. The cathedral is a blackened
+shell.</p>
+
+<p>The victim of grievous ingratitude, King
+Lear, was turned out into the snow and hail
+by his wicked daughters; and the white-haired
+old king wandered through the blackness
+of the night beneath the falling hail.
+And, lo! the Cathedral of Rheims is a King
+Lear in architecture&mdash;broken, wounded, exposed
+to the hails of the autumn and the
+snow of the winter, through the coarseness
+and vandalism of the Germans.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The German Foreign Minister put it all in
+one word: "Let the neutrals cease their
+everlasting chatter about the destruction of
+Rheims Cathedral. All the paintings, statues
+and cathedrals in the world are not so much
+as one straw to the Germans over against
+the gaining of our goal and the conquest of
+their land."</p>
+
+<p>Never was a truer word spoken. The
+German lacks the imagination and the gift
+of the love of the beautiful. He would
+prefer one bologna sausage factory and one
+brewery to the Parthenon, with St. Peter's
+and Rheims Cathedral thrown in.</p>
+
+
+<h3>8. The German Sniper Who Hid Behind
+the Crucifix</h3>
+
+<p>For hundreds of years the French peasants
+have loved the crucifix. Many a beautiful
+woman carries a little gold cross with the
+figure of Jesus fastened thereto, and from
+time to time draws it out to press the crucifix
+to her lips. Even in the harvest fields and
+beside the road, travellers find the carved
+figure of the Saviour lifted up to draw poor,
+ignorant and sinful men to His own level.</p>
+
+<p>One of the most glorious pieces of carving<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span>
+in France was wrought in walnut by a great
+sculptor and lifted up on a tree in the midst
+of an estate, where the peasants, resting from
+their work, could refresh their souls by love
+and faith and prayer.</p>
+
+<p>One day last summer, during the Teuton
+advance, a German officer stood beneath
+that divine figure. Mentally he marked the
+place. That night when the darkness fell a
+company of German officers returned to that
+spot. One of them climbed up on the tree.
+He found that the carved figure of Jesus
+was life size.</p>
+
+<p>With the end of a rope a little platform
+was drawn up level with the foot of the
+crucifix. Two ropes were fastened to the
+outstretched arms of the Saviour. Another
+rope was fastened around the neck of Jesus,
+until the platform was made safe. Then a
+German sniper with his gun climbed up on
+the platform. He laid his rifle upon the
+shoulders of the Divine Figure, hiding his
+body behind that of Jesus. The German officer
+must have chuckled with satisfaction,
+for he knew that he had found a screen behind
+which a murderer might hide, and the
+German villain was quite right in his
+psychology.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>It was true that the French soldiers loved
+that beautiful figure. To them the crucifix
+was sacred. So beautiful were their ideals,
+so lofty their spirit, so pure and high their
+imagination, that they were incapable of conceiving
+that a German could use the sacred
+crucifix as a screen from which to send forth
+his murderous hail.</p>
+
+<p>The green boughs of that tree hid the
+little puff of smoke. From time to time a
+French soldier would fall dead with a hole
+through his forehead. Once a French officer
+threw up his hands while the blood streamed
+from his mouth and he pitched forward dead.</p>
+
+<p>At last the French soldiers understood.
+There was a sniper behind Christ's cross.
+The French could have turned their cannon
+against that tree, but instead they simply
+kept below the trench until the night fell.
+Then in the darkness some French boys took
+their lives in their hands and crawled on
+hands and knees across No Man's Land.
+Lying on their backs they cut the wires
+above their heads.</p>
+
+<p>By some strange providence they dropped
+safely into the German trench and crawled
+ten yards beyond. Then they climbed into
+the tree, removed that glorious crucifix with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span>
+the carved figure, brought it back in safety
+and at daybreak turned their cannon on the
+tree and blew the platform to pieces.</p>
+
+<p>Foul Huns had made a screen of that
+sacred figure, but the French were not willing
+to injure their ideals by shooting the
+crucifix to pieces.</p>
+
+<p>To-day all the world despises the Germans.
+Nothing is sacred to them. Their
+souls are dead within them and when the
+soul dies, everything dies.</p>
+
+<p>The German's body may live on for twenty
+years, but you might as well pronounce the
+funeral address to-day, for the soul of Germany
+is dead. Nothing but a physical fighting
+machine now remains.</p>
+
+<p>Meanwhile, France lives. Never were
+her ideals so lofty and pure. That is why
+the world loves France. She has kept faith
+with her ideals.</p>
+
+
+<h3>9. The Ruined Studio</h3>
+
+<p>I have in my possession several photographs
+of a ruined studio. Some twenty or
+thirty Germans dashed into a little French
+village one day, and demanded at the point
+of their automatic pistols the surrender by<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span>
+the women of their rings, jewelry, money
+and their varied treasure. At the edge of
+the village was a simple little summer-house,
+in which one of the French artists had his
+studio. He had been in that valley for three
+months, sketching, and working very hard.
+Knowing that they had but a little time in
+which to do their work as vandals, the Huns
+started to ruin the studio. With big knives
+they cut the fine canvases into ruins. They
+knocked down the marbles, and the bronzes;
+the little bust from the hand of Rodin
+was smashed with a hammer. The bronze
+brought from Rome was pounded until the
+face was ruined. One blow of the hammer
+smashed the Chinese pottery, another broke
+the plates and the porcelain into fragments.
+Then every corner of the room was defiled,
+and the pigs fled from their filthy stye.
+Across one of the canvases the German
+officer wrote the words, "This is my trademark."
+And every other part of the canvas
+was cut to ribbons with his knife. No more
+convincing evidence of the real German character
+can possibly be found than these photographs
+of the interior of that ruined studio.</p>
+
+<p>Here we have the reason why the Kaiser
+himself, who knew the German through and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span>
+through, called his people Huns. Long ago
+the first Huns entered Italy. They found a
+city of marble, ivory, and silver. They left
+it a heap and a ruin. They had no understanding
+of a palace; they did not know
+what a picture meant, or a marble; they
+were irritated by the superiority of the
+Roman. What they could not understand
+they determined to destroy. That is one of
+the reasons why all the marbles and bronzes
+that we have in Italy are marred and injured.
+The head of Jupiter is cracked; the
+Venus di Milo has no arms; Aphrodite has
+been repaired with plaster; Apollo has lost
+a part of his neck and one leg. From time
+to time an old marble is dug up in a field,
+where some ploughman has chanced upon
+the treasure. Owners hid their beautiful
+statues, ivories and bronzes, to save them
+from the vandals. Unfortunately, the modern
+Huns rushed into the French towns,
+riding in automobiles, and sculptors and
+painters had no time to hide their treasures.
+The great cathedrals could not be hidden.
+The Kaiser in one of his recent statements
+boasted that he had destroyed seventy-three
+cathedrals in Belgium and France. It is all
+too true. From the beginning, the Cathedral<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span>
+of Rheims, dear to the whole world, and
+glorious through the associations of Jeanne
+d'Arc, was doomed, because the Germans,
+having no treasure of their own, and incapable
+of producing such a cathedral, determined
+that France should not have that
+treasure. The other day, in Kentucky, a
+negro jockey came in at the tail end of
+a race, ten rods behind his rival. That night,
+the negro bought a pint of whiskey, and determined
+to have vengeance, so he went out
+at midnight, and cut the hamstrings of the
+beautiful horse that had defeated his own
+beast. Now that is precisely the spirit that
+animated the German War Staff and the
+men that have devastated France and Belgium,
+and every man who has witnessed
+these German crimes with his own eyes
+will never be the same person again. His
+whole attitude towards the Hun is an attitude
+of horror and revulsion. A certain
+noble anger burns within him, as burned that
+noble passion in Dante against those criminals
+who spoiled Florence of her treasures.</p>
+
+
+<h3>10. Was This Murder Justified?</h3>
+
+<p>One raw, December day, in 1914, an
+American gentleman, widely known as traveller<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span>
+and correspondent, was in a hospital
+in London, recovering from his wound, received
+in Belgium. He was startled by the
+appearance of an old Belgian priest, and a
+young Belgian woman. The American author
+was travelling in Belgium at the time
+of the German invasion. Quite unexpectedly
+he was caught behind the lines, near Louvain.
+Having heard his statement, the German
+officer recognized its truthfulness and
+sincerity, and insisted that this American
+scholar should be his guest at the Belgian
+ch&acirc;teau of which he had just taken possession.
+The German had already shot the
+Belgian owner, and one or two of the servants,
+who defended their master. To the
+horror and righteous anger of the American,
+the German officer took his place at the
+head of the table, waved the American to
+his seat, and ordered the young Belgian
+woman to perform her duties as hostess. In
+that tense moment, it was a matter of life
+and death to disobey. That German officer
+had his way, not only with the young Belgian
+wife, half dazed, half crazed, wholly
+broken in spirit, but with the American
+whom he sent forward to Brussels.</p>
+
+<p>Plunged into the midst of many duties in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span>
+connection with Americans and refugees who
+had to be gotten out of Belgium into England,
+this American author had to put aside
+temporarily any plan for the release of that
+young Belgian woman held in bondage.
+Later, when he was wounded, the American
+crossed to London for medical help. When
+the old Belgian priest and that young woman
+stood at the foot of his bed in the hospital
+in London, all the events of that terrible
+hour in the dining-room of the Belgian
+ch&acirc;teau returned, and once more he lived
+through that frightful scene. The purpose
+of the visit soon became evident. The old
+Belgian priest stated the problem. He began
+by saying that God alone could take
+human life since God alone could give it.
+He urged that the sorrow of the young
+woman's present was as nothing in comparison
+to the loss of her soul should she be
+guilty of infanticide. It was the plea of a
+man who lived for the old ideals. His white
+hair, his gentle face, his pure disinterested
+spirit lent weight to his words. Then came
+the statement of the young Belgian woman.
+She told the American author of the dreadful
+days and weeks that followed after his
+departure, that every conceivable agony was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span>
+wrought upon her, and that now within a
+few months, she must have a child by that
+wicked German officer. She cried out that
+the very babe would be unclean, that it
+would be born a monster, that it was as if
+she was bringing into the world an evil
+thing, doomed in advance to direst hell.
+That every day and every hour she felt that
+poison was running through her veins. She
+turned upon the old priest, saying, "You insist
+that God alone gives life! Nay, no, no, no!
+It was a German devil that gave me this
+life that now throbs within my body! And
+every moment I feel that that life is pollution.
+German blood is poisoned blood.
+German blood is like putrefaction and decay,
+soiling my innermost life." The young
+woman wept, prayed, plead, and finally in
+her desperation cried out, "Then I decide
+for myself! The responsibility is mine. I
+alone will bear it." And out of the hospital
+she swept with the dignity and beauty of the
+Lady of Sorrows.</p>
+
+<p>A year later, in Paris, the French judge
+and court cleared the young girl who choked
+to death with a string the babe of the German
+officer who had attacked her. But
+since that time, all France and Belgium and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span>
+the lands where there are refugees are
+discussing the question&mdash;Where does the
+right lie? Has the French mother, cruelly
+wounded, no right? And this foul thing
+forced upon her a superior right? Which
+path for the bewildered girl leads to peace?
+Where does the Lord of Right stand? What
+chance has a babe born of a beast, abhorred
+and despised, when it comes into the world?
+The women of the world alone can answer
+this question.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span></p>
+<h2 class="lu">IN FRANCE<br />
+THE IMMORTAL!</h2>
+
+<h2>IV</h2>
+
+
+<h3>1. The Glory of the French Soldier's
+Heroism</h3>
+
+<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">As</span> much as the German atrocities have
+done to destroy our confidence in the
+divine origin of the human soul, the French
+soldiers have done to vindicate the majesty
+and beauty of a soul made in the image of
+God.</p>
+
+<p>I have seen French boys that were so
+simple, brave and modest in their courage,
+so beautiful in their spirit, as to make one
+feel that they were young gods and not men.
+One day, into one of the camps, came a
+lawyer from Paris. He brought the news
+of the revival of the Latin Quarter. For
+nearly three years a shop near the Beaux
+Arts had been closed. During all this time
+the French soldier had been at the front.
+When the first call came on that August day
+he put up the wooden shutters, turned the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span>
+key in the lock, and marched away to the
+trenches.</p>
+
+<p>Said the lawyer: "I come from your
+cousin. The Americans are here in Paris.
+Your cousin says that if you will give me
+the keys and authorize her to open the shop
+she will take your place. She can recover
+your business, and perhaps have a little store
+of money for you when you have your 'permission'
+or come home to rest. She tells
+me that she is your sole relative." The
+soldier shook his head, saying: "I never
+expect to come home. I do not want to
+come home. France can be freed only by
+men who are ready to die for her. I do not
+know where the key is. I do not know
+what goods are in the shop. For three
+years I have had no thought of it. I am
+too busy to make money. There are other
+things for me&mdash;fighting, and perhaps dying.
+Tell my cousin that she can have the shop."
+Then the soldier saluted and started back
+towards his trench. "Wait! Wait!" cried
+the attorney. Then he stooped down, wrote
+hurriedly upon his knee, a little paper in
+which the soldier authorized his cousin to
+carry on the business, in his name. Scrawling
+his name to the document, the soldier<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span>
+ran towards the place where his heart was&mdash;the
+place of peril, heroism and self-sacrifice.</p>
+
+<p>This was typical of the thousands of
+soldiers at the front, for French soldiers
+suffer that the children may never have to
+wade through this blood and muck. The foul
+creature that has bathed the world in blood
+must be slain forever. With the full consent
+of the intellect, of the heart and the conscience,
+these glorious French boys have
+given themselves to God, to freedom, and to
+France.</p>
+
+
+<h3>2. Why the Hun Cannot Defeat the
+Frenchman</h3>
+
+<p>One morning in a little restaurant in Paris
+I was talking with a British army-captain.
+The young soldier was a typical Englishman,
+quiet, reserved, but plainly a little excited.
+He had just been promoted to his captaincy
+and had received one week's "permission"
+for a rest in Paris. We had both come
+down from near Messines Ridge.</p>
+
+<p>"Of course," said the English captain,
+"the French are the greatest soldiers in the
+world."</p>
+
+<p>"Why do you say that?" I answered.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span>
+"What could be more wonderful than the
+heroism, the endurance of the British at
+Vimy Ridge? They seem to me more like
+young gods than men."</p>
+
+<p>To which the captain answered: "But
+you must remember that England has never
+been invaded. Look at my company!
+Their equipment is right from helmet to
+shoe, so perfectly drilled are they that the
+swing of their right legs is like the swing of
+one pendulum. I will put my British company
+against the world. Still I must confess
+this, that, so far as I know, no English
+division of fifteen thousand men ever came
+home at night with more than five thousand
+prisoners.</p>
+
+<p>"But look at the French boys at Verdun!
+As for clothes, one had a helmet, another a
+hat, or a cap, or was bareheaded. One had
+red trousers, one had gray trousers and one
+had fought until he had only rags left.
+When they got within ten rods of the German
+trench they were so anxious to reach
+the Boche that they forgot to shoot and
+lifted up their big bayonets, while they
+shouted, 'For God and France!'</p>
+
+<p>"That night when that French division
+came back ten thousand strong they brought<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></span>
+more than ten thousand German prisoners
+with them to spend the night inside of
+barbed wire fences.</p>
+
+<p>"The reason is this: These Frenchmen
+fought for home and fireside. They fought
+against an invader who had murdered their
+daughters and mothers. The Huns will
+never defeat France. Before that could
+be done," exclaimed the English captain,
+"there would not be a man left in France to
+explain the reason for his defeat."</p>
+
+
+<h3>3. "I Am Only His Wife"</h3>
+
+<p>Human life holds many wonderful hours.
+Love, marriage, suffering, trouble, are crises
+full of romance and destiny, but I question
+whether any man ever passed through an
+experience more thrilling than the hour in
+which he stands at the Charing Cross or
+Waterloo Station in London or in the great
+station in Paris and watches the hospital
+trains come in, loaded with wounded soldiers
+brought in after a great battle.</p>
+
+<p>Often fifty thousand men and women line
+the streets for blocks, waiting for the trains.
+Slowly the wounded boys are lifted from the
+car to the cot. Slowly the cot is carried to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span>
+the ambulance. The nurses speak only in
+whispers. The surgeons lift the hand directing
+them. You can hear the wings of the
+Angel of Death rustling in the air.</p>
+
+<p>When the automobile carrying two
+wounded boys moves down the street, the
+men and women all uncover while you hear
+whispered words, "God bless you!" from
+some father or mother who see their own
+son in that boy.</p>
+
+<p>Now and then some young girl with
+streaming eyes timidly drops a flower into
+the front of the ambulance&mdash;pansies for remembrance
+and love&mdash;upon a boy whom she
+does not know, while she thinks of a boy
+whom she knows and loves who is somewhere
+in the trenches of France.</p>
+
+<p>One morning a young nurse in the hospital
+in Paris received a telegram. It was
+from a young soldier, saying: "My pal has
+been grievously wounded. He is on the
+train that will land this afternoon. He has
+a young wife and a little child. You will
+find them at such and such a street. I do not
+know whether he will live to reach Paris.
+Can you see that they are at the station to
+meet him? That was his last whispered request
+to me."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>That afternoon at five o'clock, with her
+face pressed between the iron bars, a young
+French woman, with a little boy in her arms,
+was looking down the long platform. Many,
+many cots passed by, and still he did not
+come. At last she saw the nurse. The
+young wife did not know that her soldier
+husband had died while they lifted him out
+of the car.</p>
+
+<p>The young nurse said that she never had
+undertaken a harder task than that of lifting
+the boy in her own arms and leading the
+French girl to that cot, that she might know
+that henceforth she must look with altered
+eyes upon an altered world. A few minutes
+passed by and then a miracle of hope had
+happened.</p>
+
+<p>"I saw her," said the nurse, "with one
+hand upon his hair and the other stretched
+upward as she exclaimed: 'I am only his
+wife, France is his mother! I am only his
+wife, France is his mother! I give him to
+France, the mother that reared him!'"</p>
+
+
+<h3>4. A Soldier's Funeral in Paris</h3>
+
+<p>The two boys were incredibly happy.
+Two mornings before they had landed in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[105]</a></span>
+Paris. What a reception they had had in
+the soldiers' club from the splendid French
+women! How good the hot bath had
+seemed! Clean linen, a fresh shave, a good
+breakfast, a soft cot, plenty of blankets,
+twenty-four hours' sleep, and they had
+wakened up new men. The first morning
+they walked along the streets, looking into
+the shop windows; in the afternoon one of
+the ladies took them to a moving picture
+show, and now on the second day here they
+were, at a little table before the caf&eacute; in one
+of the best restaurants in the Latin Quarter,
+with good red wine and black coffee, and
+plenty of cigarettes, and not even the boom
+of cannon to disturb their conversation.
+Strange that in three days they could have
+passed from the uttermost of hell to the uttermost
+of safety and peace. "These are
+good times," said one of the boys, "and we
+are in them."</p>
+
+<p>Then they heard a policeman shouting.
+Looking up, they saw a singular spectacle.
+Just in front of them was a poor old hearse
+drawn by two horses, whose black trappings
+touched the ground. Shabbier hearse never
+was seen. Strangest of all, there was only
+a little, thin, black-robed girl walking behind<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span>
+the hearse. There were no hired
+mourners as usual. There was no large
+group of friends walking with heads bared
+in token of reverence; there was no priest;
+no carriages followed after. Saddest of all,
+there was not even a flower. What could
+these things mean? How strange that
+when they were so happy this little woman
+could be so sad.</p>
+
+<p>Suddenly one of the soldier boys arose.
+He stepped into the street and looked into
+the hearse. There he saw these words: "A
+soldier of France." He began to question
+the woman. Lifting her veil, he saw a frail
+girl, and while the traffic jam increased she
+told her story. The soldier had been
+wounded at the Battle of the Marne. He
+was one of the first to be brought to Paris.
+He never walked again. "I am very poor;
+I have only one franc a day. We have no
+friends. I borrowed money for the hearse."</p>
+
+<p>The boy returned to his fellows. "Fall in
+line, boys!" he shouted. "Here is a soldier
+of France. This little girl has taken care of
+him for three years on one franc a day.
+Line up, everybody, and tell the men to
+swallow their coffee and wine and fall into
+the procession. Go into the shops and say<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[107]</a></span>
+that a soldier of France lies here." When
+that hearse began to move there were twenty
+men and women walking as mourners behind
+the body. Two soldier boys walked beside
+the frail little girl with her heavy cr&ecirc;pe.
+As the soldiers walked along beside the
+hearse the procession began to grow. On
+and on for two long miles this slowly moving
+company increased in number until one
+hundred were in line, and when they came
+into God's Acre they buried the poor boy as
+if he were a king coming in with trumpets
+from the battle. For he was a soldier of
+France.</p>
+
+
+<h3>5. The Old Book-Lover of Louvain</h3>
+
+<p>Among the fascinating pursuits of life we
+must make a large place for the collection of
+old books, old paintings, old missals and
+curios. Certain cities, like Venice, Florence,
+Rome, Naples, and Madrid, have been for
+a thousand years like unto the Sargasso
+Sea in which beautiful things have
+drifted.</p>
+
+<p>Fifty years ago, men of leisure began to
+collect these treasures. Some made their
+way into Egypt and Palestine, and there uncovered<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[108]</a></span>
+temples long buried in sands and
+ruins and all covered with d&eacute;bris. From
+time to time old missals were found in
+deserted monasteries, marbles were digged
+up in buried palaces. Men came back from
+their journeys with some lovely terra cotta,
+some ivory or bronze, some painting by an
+old master, whose beauty had been hidden
+for centuries under smoke and grime. The
+enthusiasm of the collectors exceeds the zest
+of men searching for gold and diamonds
+amid the sands of South Africa.</p>
+
+<p>Fifty years ago a young scholar of
+Louvain won high praise because of his skill
+in dating and naming old pictures and
+manuscripts. When ten years had passed
+by, this scholar's name and fame were spread
+all over Europe. Many museums in different
+countries competed for his services.</p>
+
+<p>The time came when the heads of galleries
+in London and Paris and Rome sent for this
+expert to pass upon some art object. During
+the fifty years this scholar came to know
+every beautiful treasure in Europe.</p>
+
+<p>In the old castles of Austria, in a monastery
+of Bohemia, in the house of an ancient
+Italian family, in certain second-hand bookstores,
+in out-of-the-way towns he found<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span>
+treasures as precious as pearls and diamonds
+raked out of the muck-heap.</p>
+
+<p>When death took away his only son and
+left his little grandchildren dependent upon
+himself the old book-lover looked forward
+serenely into the future. He knew that
+every year his treasures were growing more
+and more valuable. Living in his home in
+Louvain he received from time to time visits
+from experts, who came in from all the
+cities of the world to see his treasures, and
+if possible, to buy some rare book.</p>
+
+<p>Then, in August, 1914, came the great catastrophe,
+as came the explosion of Vesuvius
+that buried Pompeii under hot ashes and
+flaming fire.</p>
+
+<p>One morning the old scholar was startled
+by the noise and confusion in the street.
+Looking down from his window he saw
+German soldiers, German horsemen, German
+cannon. He beheld women and children
+lined up on the sidewalk. He saw
+German soldiers assault old men. He saw
+them carrying the furniture, rugs and carpets
+out of the houses. He saw the flames
+coming out of the roofs of houses a block
+away.</p>
+
+<p>A moment later an old university professor<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[110]</a></span>
+pounded upon his door and called out
+that they must flee for their lives. There
+was only time to pick out one satchel and
+fill it with his precious manuscripts and
+costly missals. Then the two old scholars
+fled into the street with the grandchildren.
+Fortunately a Belgian driving a two-wheeled
+coal cart was passing by. Into the cart
+climbed the little grandchildren. Carefully
+the satchel filled with its treasures was also
+lifted into place.</p>
+
+<p>At that moment a German shell exploded
+beside the cart. When the old book-lover
+recovered consciousness the cart was gone,
+the grandchildren were dead and of all his
+art treasures there was left only one little
+book upon which some scholar of the twelfth
+century had toiled with loving hands.</p>
+
+<p>Carried forward among the refugees several
+hours later, Belgian soldiers lifted the old
+man into a train that was carrying the
+wounded down to Havre. In his hand the
+collector held the precious book. Excitement
+and sorrow had broken his heart. His
+mind also wandered. He was no longer
+able to understand the cosmic terror and
+blackness. A noble officer, himself wounded,
+put his coat under the old man's head and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span>
+made a pillow and bade him forget the German
+beast, the bomb shells, the blazing city.
+But all these foul deeds and all dangers now
+were as naught to the old man.</p>
+
+<p>"See my little book," he said. "How
+beautiful the lettering! Why, upon this
+book, as upon a ship, civilization sailed
+across the dark waters of the Middle Ages.
+Look at this book of beauty. The ugliness
+of the tenth century is dead. The cruelty
+and the slavery of bloody tyrants is dead
+also. The old cannon are quite rusted away.
+But look at this! Behold, its beauty is
+immortal! Everything else dies. Soon all
+the smoke and blood will go, but beauty and
+love and liberty will remain."</p>
+
+<p>And then lifting the little book the old
+collector of Louvain pressed his lips to the
+vellum page, bright with the blue and crimson
+and gold of seven hundred years, and in
+a moment passed to the soul's summer land,
+where no shriek of German shells rends the
+air, where wicked Germans have ceased from
+troubling and where the French and Belgians,
+worn by the cruelty of the Huns, are
+now at rest and peace.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[112]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<h3>6. A Vision of Judgment in Martyred
+Gerb&eacute;viller</h3>
+
+<p>To-day everybody knows the story of
+Gerb&eacute;viller, the martyred.</p>
+
+<p>To the northwest is that glorious capital
+of Lorraine, Nancy. Farther northwest are
+Verdun and Toul, with our American boys.
+The region round about the martyred town
+is a region of rich iron ores.</p>
+
+<p>Some years ago, Germany found herself
+at bay, by reason of the threatened exhaustion
+of her iron mines in Alsace-Lorraine.
+The news that France had uncovered new
+beds of iron ore stirred Germany to a frenzy
+of envy and longing.</p>
+
+<p>High grade iron ore meant a new financial
+era for France. The exhaustion of Germany's
+iron mines meant industrial depression,
+and finally a second and third rate
+position. Rather than lose her place Germany
+determined to go to war with France
+and Belgium and grab their iron mines. To
+break down resistance on the part of the
+French people, the Germans used atrocities
+that were fiendish beyond words. The
+richer the province she wished to steal, the
+more terrible her cruelties.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[113]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>At nine o'clock in the morning on August
+27, General Clauss and 15,000 soldiers entered
+Gerb&eacute;viller. Ten miles to the south
+was the remainder of the German army,
+utterly broken by the French attack. Clauss
+had been sent north to dig his trenches until
+the rest of the German army could retreat.</p>
+
+<p>Every hour was precious. The Germans
+remained in the little town from 9 <span class="smcap">a. m.</span> until
+12:30 <span class="smcap">p. m.</span> They found in the village
+thirty-one hundred women, girls and children,
+fifteen old men (the eldest ninety-two),
+one priest and one Red Cross ambulance
+driver. Even the little boys and men under
+seventy had gone to the front to dig ditches
+and carry water to the French.</p>
+
+<p>It took the Germans only two and one-half
+hours to loot all the houses and load
+upon their trucks the rugs, carpets, chairs,
+pictures, bedding, with every knife and fork
+and plate. At half-past eleven General
+Clauss was in the Mayor's house, when the
+German colonel came in and reported that
+everything in the houses had been stripped
+and that they were ready to begin the firing
+of the buildings.</p>
+
+<p>The aged wife of the secretary to the
+Mayor told me this incident:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[114]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"We find no weapons in the houses, and
+we find only these fifteen old men, one Red
+Cross boy, and this priest," said the colonel.</p>
+
+<p>"Line up the old men then and shoot
+them," shouted General Clauss. "Take the
+priest as a prisoner to do work in the
+trenches."</p>
+
+<p>The old men were lined up on the grass.
+General Clauss himself gave the signal to
+fire. Two German soldiers fired bullets into
+each one of the old men.</p>
+
+<p>One of the heart-broken onlookers was the
+village priest. The Germans carried him
+away as prisoner and made him work as a
+common labourer; through rain and sun,
+through heat and snow, he toiled on, digging
+ditches, carrying burdens, working eighteen
+hours a day, eating spoiled food that the
+German soldiers would not touch, until
+finally tuberculosis developed and he was
+sick unto death. Then the Germans released
+him as a refugee, so the priest returned to
+Gerb&eacute;viller to die.</p>
+
+<p>Then came the anniversary of the murder
+of the fifteen old men and of the one hundred
+and two women, girls and children.
+On the anniversary day of the martyrdom
+the noble Governor of the province assembled<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[115]</a></span>
+the few survivors for a memorial
+service about the graves of the martyrs.</p>
+
+<p>Knowing that the priest would never see
+another anniversary of that day the Prefect
+asked the priest to give the address at the
+memorial service. No more dramatic scene
+ever occurred in history. At the beginning
+the priest told the story of the coming of
+the Germans, the looting of the houses, the
+violation of the little girls, the collecting of
+the dead bodies. Suddenly the priest closed
+his eyes, and all unconsciously he lived the
+scene of those three and a half hours.</p>
+
+<p>"I see our fifteen heroes standing on the
+grass. I see the German soldiers lifting up
+their rifles. I hear General Clauss cursing
+and shouting the command to fire.</p>
+
+<p>"I see you, Thomas; a brutal soldier tears
+your coat back. He puts his rifle against
+your heart. When you sink down I see
+your hands come together in prayer.</p>
+
+<p>"I see you, Fran&ccedil;ois. I see the two big
+crutches on which you lean. You are weary
+with the load of ninety years. I hear your
+granddaughter when she sobs your name,
+and I see your smile, as you strive to encourage
+her.</p>
+
+<p>"I see you, Jean. How happy you were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span>
+when you came back with your wealth to
+spend your last years in your native town!
+How kind you were to all our poor. Ah!
+Jean, you did us good and not evil, all the
+days of your life with us!</p>
+
+<p>"I see you, little Marie. You were lying
+upon the grass. I see your two little hands
+tied by ropes to the two peach trees in your
+mother's garden. I see the little wisp of
+black hair stretched out under your head. I
+see your little body lying dead. With this
+hand of mine upon that little board, above
+your grave, I wrote the words, 'Vengeance
+is mine; I will repay, saith the Lord.'</p>
+
+<p>"And yonder in the clouds I see the Son
+of Man coming in His glory with His angels.
+I see the Kaiser falling upon Gerb&eacute;viller. I
+see Clauss falling upon our aged Mayor.
+But I also see God arising to fall upon the
+Germans. Berlin, with Babylon the Great,
+is fallen. It has become a nest of unclean
+things. There serpents dwell. Woe unto
+them that offend against my little ones. For,
+lo, a millstone is hanged about their necks
+and they shall be drowned in the sea with
+Satan."</p>
+
+<p>The excitement was too much for the
+priest. That very night he died. Henceforth<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[117]</a></span>
+he will be numbered among the martyrs
+of Gerb&eacute;viller.</p>
+
+
+<h3>7. The Return of the Refugees</h3>
+
+<p>The return of the refugees to Belgium
+and France holds the essence of a thousand
+tragedies. From the days of Homer down
+to those of Longfellow, with his story of
+Evangeline, literature has recounted the sad
+lot of lovers torn from one another's arms
+and all the rest of their lives going every
+whither in search of the beloved one, only to
+find the lost and loved when it was too late.</p>
+
+<p>But nothing in literature is so tragic as
+the events now going on from week to week
+in the towns on the frontier of Switzerland.</p>
+
+<p>When the Germans raped Belgium and
+northern France they sent back to the rear
+trenches the young women and the girls,
+and now, from time to time, those girls, all
+broken in health, are released by the Germans,
+who send them back to their parents
+or husbands.</p>
+
+<p>Multitudes of these girls have died of
+abuse and cruelty, but others, broken in
+body and spirit, are returning for an interval<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[118]</a></span>
+that is brief and heart-breaking before the
+end comes.</p>
+
+<p>Three weeks ago an old friend returned
+from his Red Cross work in France. By invitation
+of a Government official he visited
+a town on the frontier through which the
+refugees released by Germany were returning
+to France.</p>
+
+<p>It seemed that during the month of September,
+1914, the Germans had carried away
+a number of girls and young women in a
+village northeast of Lun&eacute;ville. When the
+French officials finished their inquiry as to
+the poor, broken creatures returning to
+France they found a French woman, clothed
+in rags, emaciated and sick unto death. In
+her arms she held a little babe a few weeks
+old. Its tiny wrists were scarcely larger
+than lead pencils. The child moaned incessantly.
+The mother was too thin and weak
+to do more than answer the simple questions
+as to her name, age, parents, and husband.</p>
+
+<p>Moved with the sense of compassion, the
+French official soon found in his index the
+name of her husband, the number of his
+company and telegraphed to the young soldier's
+superior officer, asking that the boy
+might be sent forward to the receiving station<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[119]</a></span>
+to take his wife back to some friend,
+since the Germans had destroyed his village.
+By some unfortunate blunder the officials
+gave no hint of the real facts in the case.</p>
+
+<p>Filled with high hope, burning with enthusiasm,
+exhaling a happiness that cannot
+be described, the bronzed farmer-soldier
+stepped down from the car to find the
+French official waiting to conduct him to
+one of the houses of refuge where his young
+wife was waiting.</p>
+
+<p>My American Red Cross friend witnessed
+the meeting between the girl and her husband.
+When the fine young soldier entered
+the room he saw a poor, broken, spent, miserable
+creature, too weak to do more than
+whisper his name. When the young man
+saw that tiny German babe in his young
+wife's arms he started as if he had been
+stung by a scorpion. Lifting his hands
+above his head, he uttered an exclamation
+of horror. In utter amazement he started
+back, overwhelmed with revulsion, anguish
+and terror.</p>
+
+<p>Gone&mdash;the beauty and comeliness of the
+young wife! Gone her health and allurement!
+Perished all her loveliness! Her
+garments were the garments of a scarecrow.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[120]</a></span>
+Despite all these things the girl was innocent.
+But she realized her husband's horror
+and mistook it for disgust. She pitched forward
+unconscious upon the floor before her
+husband could reach her.</p>
+
+<p>The history of pain contains no more terrible
+chapter. That night the dying girl
+told the French officials and her husband the
+crimes and indignities to which she had been
+subjected. Two other babes had been born
+under German brutality, and both had died,
+even as this infant would die, and when a
+few days later her husband buried her he was
+another man. The iron in him had become
+steel. The blade of intellect had become a
+two-edged sword. His strength had become
+the strength of ten. He decided not to survive
+this war. Going back to the front, he
+consecrated his every day to one task&mdash;to
+kill Germans and save other women from
+the foulest degenerates that have ever cursed
+the face of the earth.</p>
+
+
+<h3>8. An American Knight in France</h3>
+
+<p>Coming around the corner of the street in
+a little French village near Toul, I beheld an
+incident that explained the all but adoring<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span>
+love given to our American boys by the
+French children. The women and the girls
+of that region had suffered unspeakable
+things at the hands of the German swine.
+Photographs were taken of the dead bodies
+of girls that can never be shown. The terror
+of the women at the very approach of the
+German was beyond all words. The very
+words "Les Boches" send the blood from
+the cheeks of the children. The women of
+the Dakotas on hearing that the Sioux
+Indians were on the war-path with their
+scalping knives were never so terrified as
+the French girls are on hearing the German
+soldiers are on the march. Even the little
+children have black rings under their eyes,
+with a strained, tense expression as they
+stand tremulous and ready to run.</p>
+
+<p>On the sidewalk near me was a little
+French girl of about six, with her little
+brother, perhaps four years of age. Suddenly
+around the corner came an American
+boy in khaki. He was swinging forward
+with step sure and alert. The children
+turned, but there was no terror in their eyes
+and no fear in their hearts. They did not
+know the American soldier; never before
+had they seen his face, but his khaki meant<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[122]</a></span>
+safety. It meant a shield lifted between the
+German monster and themselves. Forgetting
+everything, the little French girl started on
+a run towards the American soldier, while
+her little brother came hobbling after. She
+ran straight to the American boy, flung her
+arms around his legging, rubbed her cheek
+against his trousers and patted his knee with
+her little hands. A moment later when her
+little brother came up the American boy
+stooped down, lifted the boy and girl into
+his arms, and while they were screaming
+with delight carried them across to a little
+shop, and found for them two tiny little
+cakes of chocolate, the only sweet that
+could be had. The French children understand.</p>
+
+<p>The German motto was: "Frightfulness
+and terrorism are the very essence of our
+new warfare."</p>
+
+<p>Pershing's charge was: "You will protect
+all property, safeguard all lives, lift a shield
+above the aged, be most courteous to the
+women, most tender and gentle to the children."</p>
+
+<p>In France our boys have lifted a shield
+above the poor and the weak, and, having
+given service, they are receiving a degree of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[123]</a></span>
+love beyond measure; but there is no danger
+that they will be spoiled by the adulation of
+the French women and children, who rank
+them with the knights and the heroes of old.</p>
+
+
+<h3>9. An American Soldier's Grave in France</h3>
+
+<p>One August morning I was in the wheat
+fields near Roye. Somewhere in that field
+the body of a noble American boy was lying.
+He was a graduate of the University of
+Virginia; his mother and his sister had a
+host of friends in my old home city, Chicago.
+Guided by a white-haired priest, out in the
+wheat we found at last a little mound with a
+part of a broken airplane lying thereupon.
+I pulled the rest of his machine upon his
+grave and learned that when the French
+boys picked him up they found that four
+explosive bullets had struck him while flying
+in the air after his victory over many German
+enemies.</p>
+
+<p>With my knife I cut a sheaf of golden
+grain and an armful of scarlet poppies and
+said a prayer for the boy and his mother and
+his sister.</p>
+
+<p>Standing there in the rain I wrote a letter<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[124]</a></span>
+to those who loved him, saying: "When you
+see this head of wheat, say to yourself 'One
+grain going into the ground shall in fifteen
+summers ripen into bread enough to feed
+sixteen hundred millions of the family of
+men.' When you look at this pressed poppy,
+say, 'His blood like red rain went to the
+root to make the flowers crimson and beautiful
+for all the world; soon the fields of
+France shall wave like a Garden of God,
+and peace and plenty shall dwell forever
+there. "Without shedding of blood there is
+no remission." Wine means the crushing of
+the grapes. At great price our fathers
+bought Liberty.'"</p>
+
+<p>Two thousand years ago Cicero, sobbing
+above the dead body of his daughter Tullia,
+exclaimed: "Is there a meeting place for
+the dead?" What becomes of our soldier
+boys who died on the threshold of life?
+This is life's hardest problem. Where is
+that young Tullia so dear to that gifted
+Roman orator? Where is that young
+musician Mozart? Where is young Keats?
+And where is Shelley? And where are
+young McConnell and Rupert Brooke and
+young Asquith? And ten thousand more
+of those young men with genius. Where also<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[125]</a></span>
+is that young Carpenter of Nazareth, dead at
+thirty years of age?</p>
+
+<p>The answer is in this: They have passed
+through the black waters and have come
+into the summer land. There they have
+been met by the heroes coming out with
+trumpets and banners to bring them into a
+world unstained by the smoke and din of
+battle. There they will write their books,
+invent their tools, complete their songs and
+guide the darkling multitudes who come in out
+of Africa, out of the islands of the sea, into the
+realm of perfect knowledge, love and peace.</p>
+
+
+<h3>10. "These Flowers, Sir, I Will Lay
+Them Upon My Son's Grave"</h3>
+
+<p>Last August, at an assembly in Paris,
+Ambassador Sharp held a little company
+spellbound, while he related several incidents
+of his investigations in the devastated region
+near Roye. One afternoon the captain
+stopped his military automobile upon the
+edge of what had once been a village. Surveyors
+were tracing the road and making
+measurements in the hope of establishing the
+former location of the cellar and the house
+that stood above it. An old gray-haired<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[126]</a></span>
+Frenchman had the matter in charge. He
+had lost the cellar of his house. Also, the
+trees that had stood upon his front sidewalk,
+also his vines and fruit trees. His story as
+stated by Ambassador Sharp was most
+pathetic. The old man had retired from
+business to the little town of his childhood.
+When it became certain that the Germans
+would take the village, the man pried up a
+stone slab in the sidewalk and buried his
+money, far out of sight. A long time passed
+by. When the Hindenburg plans were
+completed, the Germans made their retreat.
+Among other refugees who returned was
+the aged Frenchman. To his unbounded
+amazement the old man could not locate the
+site of his old home. In bombarding the
+little village, the Germans dropped huge
+shells. These shells fell into the cellar, and
+blew the brick walls away. Other shells fell
+in the front yard, and blew the trees out by
+the roots. Later other shells exploding blew
+dirt back into the other excavations. Little
+by little, the ground was turned into a mass
+of mud. Not a single landmark remained.
+Finally the old man conceived the idea of
+beginning back on the country road, and
+measuring what he thought would have been<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[127]</a></span>
+the distance to his garden. But even that
+device failed him. For the huge shells had
+blown the stone slab into atoms, scattered
+his buried treasure, and left the man in his
+old age penniless and heart-broken.</p>
+
+<p>Long ago Dumas represented the man
+who had taken too much wine as trying in
+vain to enter his own home, explaining to
+his inebriated friend that the keyhole was
+lost. But think of a cellar that is lost!
+Think of shade trees, whose very roots have
+disappeared! Think of a lovely little French
+garden with its roses and vines, and fruit
+trees, all gone! "Why, the very well was
+with difficulty located," said the Ambassador.
+But after all, the loss of buried treasure
+that could never be found is only a
+faint emblem of the loss of human bodies
+and human minds. Think of the soldiers
+who have returned to find that the young
+wife or daughter whom they loved has disappeared
+forever! And think of the wives
+and sweethearts who have received word
+from their officers that the great shell exploded
+and killed the lover, but that no
+fragment of his body could be found!
+During one day Mr. Chamberlain and myself
+were driven through twenty-four series<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[128]</a></span>
+of ruins, that once had been towns and villages,
+but where there was nothing left but
+cellars filled with twisted iron and blackened
+rafters. Already, men are anticipating the
+hour of victory and talking about the reconstruction
+of the devastated regions, the enforced
+service of a million German factories,
+building up what once they had torn
+down. But the restoring of houses, the
+restoration of factory and schoolhouse, of
+church and gallery, represent a material recovery.
+But the other day, a French woman
+was invited before the general who decorated
+the widow and praised her, returning to
+her the thanks of France, in that her last and
+seventh son had just been killed. Her response
+was one of the most moving things in
+history. "I have given France my all.
+These flowers, ah, sir, I have but one use for
+them. I will take them out, and lay them
+on my son's grave."</p>
+
+
+<h3>11. The Courage of Clemenceau</h3>
+
+<p>One Sunday afternoon, last August, in
+Paris, Alexandre, head of the Fine Arts Department
+of the Government, brought me
+an invitation from Rodin to visit his studio.
+We found the successor to Michael Angelo<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[129]</a></span>
+turning over in his hand an exquisite little
+head of Minerva, goddess of wisdom, carved
+with the perfection of a lily or a rose. "He
+is always studying something," exclaimed
+the author. But what Rodin wanted us to
+see was his head of Clemenceau. When the
+covering was lifted, there stood the very
+embodiment of the man who is supreme in
+France to-day,&mdash;Clemenceau. The sculptor's
+face kindled and lighted up. "The
+lion of France!" How massive the features!
+How glorious the neck and the
+shoulders! Clemenceau makes me think of
+a stag, holding the wolves at bay, while his
+herd finds safety in flight. He makes me
+think of the lion, roaring in defence of his
+whelps. Our descendants will say, of a
+truth there were giants in those days, and
+among the giants we must make a large
+place for Clemenceau.</p>
+
+<p>The invincible courage of Clemenceau is in
+the challenge he has just flung out to the
+enemies of France. Reduced to simple
+terms it comes to this,&mdash;"It is said that the
+Germans can get within bombing distance of
+Paris, or reach the capital, providing they
+are willing to pay the price. Well,&mdash;the
+Allies can break through the German line<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[130]</a></span>
+and gain the Rhine, providing they are
+willing to pay the price. To destroy Paris
+means a price of 750,000 Germans at least.
+The probabilities are that so heavy a price
+would mean a political revolution in Germany.
+But what if Ludendorff gets to Paris?
+Rome was twice destroyed, and later the
+city of brick was rebuilt as a city of marble.
+Nearly fifty years ago the people of Paris
+destroyed their own city, at an expense of
+hundreds of millions of francs. The motive
+back of the destruction was the desire to replace
+an old and ugly city by a new and the
+most beautiful city in the world. Fire destroyed
+Chicago, intellect rebuilt it,&mdash;earthquake
+and flame levelled San Francisco,
+courage restored the ruins. Enemies may
+destroy Paris, genius and French art and
+skill and industry and will, will replace it.
+Our eyes are fixed on the goal, namely, the
+crushing of Prussianism. What if Paris
+must decrease? It will only mean that
+civilization in France, and humanity, will increase."
+Reduced to the simplest terms, that
+is the substance of Clemenceau's appeal.
+Never was there courage more wonderful.
+Not even Leonidas at Thermopyl&aelig; ever
+breathed nobler sentiments. That is why<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[131]</a></span>
+Paris is safe to-day. That is why France is
+secure. That is why we await with confidence
+and quietness the next great offensive
+for the Germans.</p>
+
+<p>In her darkest hour what France and the
+world needed was a hero, a man of oak and
+rock, a great heart, a lion,&mdash;and the world
+found such a man in Clemenceau. Nothing
+fascinates the listeners like tales of courage.
+Not even stories of love and eloquence have
+such a charm for children and youth. Many
+of us remember that in our childhood the
+crippled soldier of the Civil War became a
+living college, teaching bravery to the boys
+of the little town. For months Clemenceau
+has been going up and down France, heartening
+the people. This Prime Minister with
+his great massive head, the roaring voice,
+the clenched fist, is an exhilarating spectacle.
+That hero of Switzerland, William Tell, left
+behind him a tradition that it meant much
+to him to waken each morning and find
+Mont Blanc standing firm in its place. Not
+otherwise all patriots, soldiers, and lovers of
+their fellow men to-day can look on the great
+French statesman and patriot and gather
+comfort and courage from the fact that he
+still stands firmly in his place.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[132]</a></span></p>
+<h2 class="lu">OUR<br />
+BRITISH ALLIES</h2>
+
+<h2>V</h2>
+
+
+<h3>1. "Gott Strafe England"&mdash;"and Scotland"</h3>
+
+<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">At</span> the crossroads near the city of Ypres
+is a sign-board giving the directions
+and the distances to various towns. One
+day the Germans captured that highway.</p>
+
+<p>There was a man in the company who
+had lived in some German-American city
+of the United States. He knew that but
+for England Germany would have gotten
+through to the Channel towns and looted
+Paris. Climbing up on the sign-board that
+German-American wrote in good plain English
+these words: "God &mdash;&mdash; England!"</p>
+
+<p>That afternoon the Australian and the New
+Zealand army pushed the Germans back and
+recaptured the highway. Among other soldiers
+was a Scotsman named Sandy.</p>
+
+<p>He read the sign, "God &mdash;&mdash; England!"
+with ever increasing anger. Finally he flung<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[133]</a></span>
+his arms and legs around the sign-post, pulled
+himself up to the top and, while his companions
+watched him, they saw him do a
+most amazing thing.</p>
+
+<p>They were cheering him because they expected
+him to rub out the word "England."
+But not Sandy! Holding on by his left
+hand, with his right Sandy added to the
+words "God &mdash;&mdash; England!" these words,
+"and Scotland."</p>
+
+<p>He felt that it was an outrage that Scotland
+should be overlooked in any good thing.
+Blessed was the people who had won the
+distinction of being hated by the German,
+and therefore Sandy added the words "and
+Scotland"!</p>
+
+<p>Now Scotland deserved that high praise.
+When the historian comes to write the full
+story of this great war it will make a large
+place for the words "and Scotland." Wonderful
+the heroism of the British army!
+Marvellous their achievements! But who is
+at the head of it? A great Scotsman, Sir
+Douglas Haig.</p>
+
+<p>What stories fill the pages of the achievements
+of English sailors ever since the days
+of Nelson, standing on the deck of the <i>Victory</i>,
+down to the battle of Jutland! But<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[134]</a></span>
+that gallant Scot, Admiral Beatty, holds the
+centre of the stage to-day. There came a
+critical moment also when a man of intellect
+and a great heart must represent Great
+Britain in her greatest crisis in the United
+States, and in that hour they sent a Scotsman,
+Arthur James Balfour, philosopher,
+metaphysician, theologian, statesman, diplomat
+and seer.</p>
+
+<p>And what shall one more say save that
+the finances of this war have been controlled
+by a Scotch Chancellor of the Exchequer,
+and her railways organized by a Scotch inventor.
+Wonderful the achievements of
+England&mdash;that "dear, dear land." Marvellous
+the contribution of Wales, through men
+like the Prime Minister, Lloyd George!</p>
+
+<p>Who can praise sufficiently the heroes of
+Canada, Australia and New Zealand? In
+Ireland, for the moment, things are in a
+muddle. "What is the trouble with the
+Emerald Isle?" was the question, to which
+the Irishman made instant reply: "Oh, in
+South Ireland we are all Roman Catholics,
+and in North Ireland we are all Protestants,
+and I wish to heaven we were all agnostics,
+and then we could live together like
+Christians."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[135]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>But Ireland will soon iron out her troubles.
+To the achievements of the various people of
+the great British Empire let us make a large
+place for the contributions of Scotland. The
+Germans hate with a deadly hatred any
+country and any race that has stopped them
+in their headlong career towards crime.</p>
+
+<p>But the next time that a German-American
+has gone back to Berlin and has reached the
+western front and puts up a sign reading
+"Gott strafe England" let him not fail to
+add these words, "and Scotland."</p>
+
+
+<h3>2. "England Shall Not Starve"</h3>
+
+<p>Despite all warnings, rumours, and alarms,
+no dire peril known to passengers disturbed
+our voyage. The nearest approach came on
+a morning when the ship was two hundred
+miles off the coast of Ireland.</p>
+
+<p>The steamer was making a letter S and
+constantly zigzagging, when suddenly the
+lookout called down that there was a rowboat
+dead ahead. With instant decision the
+officer changed the ship's course and we
+passed the life-boat a half mile upon our
+right.</p>
+
+<p>The usual rumour started up and down<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[136]</a></span>
+the deck that there were dead bodies in the
+boat, but the petty officer answered my
+question by saying that it was 2,000 lives
+against one possible life that every drifting
+boat must be looked upon as a German
+decoy; that if the steamer stopped to send
+sailors with a life-boat to investigate it would
+simply give a German submarine a chance to
+come up with torpedoes. At that very moment
+one of the men beside the gun sighted
+a periscope and a moment later the gun
+roared and then boomed a second time and
+then a third. Because the object disappeared,
+all passengers said it was a submarine,
+but the officers said it was a piece
+of driftwood, tossed up on the crest of a
+wave.</p>
+
+<p>That night, on deck, a close friend of the
+purser came for an hour's walk around the
+deck. The memory of those three shots
+rested heavily upon his mind.</p>
+
+<p>It seemed that some months before he had
+been a purser on an East Indian liner. On
+the home voyage, twenty-four hours after
+they left Cairo, when well out into the
+Mediterranean, this officer went below for
+an hour's rest. Suddenly a torpedo struck
+the steamer. The force of the explosion<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span>
+literally blew the purser out of his berth.
+Grabbing some clothes, he ran through the
+narrow passageway, already ankle deep in
+rushing water. The great ship carried
+several thousand soldiers and a few women
+who were coming home from India or from
+Egypt. Despite the fact that all realized the
+steamer would go down within a few minutes,
+there was no confusion and the soldiers
+lined up as if on parade.</p>
+
+<p>The boat went down in about eight minutes,
+but every one of the women and children
+had on their life-preservers and were
+given first places in the life-boats that had
+not been ruined by the explosion.</p>
+
+<p>The purser said that he decided to jump
+from the deck and swim as far as possible
+from the steamer, but despite his struggles
+he was drawn under and came up half unconscious
+to find himself surrounded with
+swimming men and sinking rowboats that
+were being shelled by the German submarine.
+Suddenly a machine-gun bullet
+passed through his right shoulder and left
+an arm helpless. For half an hour he lay
+with his left arm upon a floating board, held
+up by his life-preserver. The submarine had
+disappeared. At distances far removed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[138]</a></span>
+were three of the ship's boats and one raft.
+It was plain that there was no help in
+sight.</p>
+
+<p>Near him was a woman, to whom he
+called. The purser told the woman that he
+had been shot in the right arm and could not
+help her nor come near to her. She answered
+that it was good to hear his voice.</p>
+
+<p>The water was very cold. He began to
+be alarmed and reasoned as to whether the
+cold water would not stay the bleeding.
+From time to time he would call out to the
+woman to keep up hope and courage and not
+to struggle, but at last he saw she was exhausted.
+With infinite effort, swimming
+with his left arm, he managed to draw near
+to her.</p>
+
+<p>"Is drowning very painful?" the woman
+asked.</p>
+
+<p>"No," answered the officer. "Once the
+water rushes into the lungs one smothers."</p>
+
+<p>To which the English girl answered,
+"Then I think I will not wait any longer.
+Good-bye! Good luck!"</p>
+
+<p>Utterly exhausted she let her head fall
+over and in a moment the life-preserver was
+on the top and that was all that he saw.</p>
+
+<p>"The next thing I remember," said the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[139]</a></span>
+officer, "was waking up to find a nurse trying
+to pour a stimulant down my throat."</p>
+
+<p>A destroyer had come up in response to
+the signals for help and picked up the
+survivors.</p>
+
+<p>For months he was in the hospital before
+he could be carried to England. Even now
+he was not able to lift a hat from his head
+with his right arm, but he could write a little.
+This was his first voyage to test his strength
+to prove to the Government that he could
+take his old task as purser.</p>
+
+<p>"How did you feel, purser, when you
+heard that cannon roar this morning against
+that submarine?"</p>
+
+<p>You should have seen the fire flash in the
+man's eyes.</p>
+
+<p>"How did I feel?" answered the officer.
+"I felt like a race-horse snuffing the battle
+from afar. Let them sink this ship&mdash;I will
+take another. Let them sink every steamer,
+I'll take a sailing vessel. Let them sink all
+our sailing vessels, we will betake ourselves
+to tugs.</p>
+
+<p>"We have 5,000 steamers that come and
+go between any Sunday and Sunday. Some
+are old cattle-boats, some are sea tramps and
+some are ocean hounds. They have carried<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[140]</a></span>
+10,000,000 men and 20,000,000 tons of war
+materials, and 8,000,000 tons of iron ore and
+$3,000,000,000 worth of goods.</p>
+
+<p>"We have lent six hundred ships to
+France and four hundred ships to Italy.
+Our ancestors smashed the Spanish Armada.
+Our grandfathers baffled Napoleon and their
+sons defy the Hun and his submarine.</p>
+
+<p>"When I go down my son will take my
+place. When Germany beats England there
+will not be an Englishman left to tell how it
+happened."</p>
+
+<p>Then, leaning over the railing of the ship,
+the officer pointed to the setting sun, and lo,
+right out of the sea, sailing into our sight,
+came a fleet of English merchantmen, laden
+with wheat, and the purser said:</p>
+
+<p>"By God's help, England shall not
+starve."</p>
+
+
+<h3>3. German-Americans Who Vilify England</h3>
+
+<p>The biography of Grant holds many exciting
+incidents. One of them concerns a spy
+who nearly wrecked Grant's plans. It seems
+that a rumour came saying that Sheridan
+had been defeated at Winchester. A telegram<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[141]</a></span>
+came a few minutes later saying that
+Sheridan was recovering from the disaster.
+Meanwhile, Grant noticed one of his young
+assistants was endeavouring in vain to conceal
+his pleasure over the news of Sheridan's
+defeat. That feeling seemed inexplicable to
+Grant. The Commander-in-Chief had three
+armies&mdash;Sherman's in the South, Sheridan's
+in the Valley of the Shenandoah, and his
+own army of the Potomac. How could a
+young aide rejoice over Sheridan's defeat
+without down in his heart wanting Grant
+defeated, the Union destroyed, and secession
+made a success? Grant became more and
+more alarmed. He told one of his associates
+to follow this youth, whom he feared was a
+spy. Shortly afterwards the man was discovered
+sending signals, was tried, the proofs
+of his treason uncovered, and finally he was
+executed.</p>
+
+<p>To-day certain German-Americans never
+tire of announcing their Americanism. Their
+favourite expression is: "Germany was the
+Fatherland, but the United States is the
+wife." Not daring, therefore, to attack our
+Government, afraid to confess that they want
+Germany to succeed, and when that time
+comes expect to hold certain offices under<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span>
+Germany, they spend all their time vilifying
+Great Britain. There is one absolute and
+invariable test of the German-American's
+treason to this country, and that is bitterness
+towards England, because England is
+doing all she can to prevent Germany's victory.
+One thing has saved this country
+during four years, giving us a chance to
+prepare&mdash;Great Britain's fleet, holding Germany's
+battle-ships behind the Kiel Canal.
+To-day our Republic is defended by three
+armies&mdash;General Pershing's, Marshal Foch's
+and Marshal Haig's. But whenever a German-American
+vilifies Haig and attacks England
+you may know that down in his heart
+he wants Pershing defeated, the United
+States conquered, and Germany made victorious.
+The German-American who vilifies
+Great Britain is angry because Great Britain
+has prevented Germany from loading a million
+German veterans upon her six or eight
+thousand passenger ships, freight ships, sailing
+vessels and war fleet, and sailing to New
+York and assessing fifty billion dollars indemnity
+upon us.</p>
+
+<p>In a certain Western State a German professor
+of electricity resigned from his institution.
+He was receiving about $3,000 a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[143]</a></span>
+year. Many months passed by. One day
+this man was heard defaming England.
+"England has destroyed the freedom of the
+seas. England controls Gibraltar and the
+Suez Canal. England is the great land
+pirate. England is the world butcher." A
+Secret Service man followed the German
+professor, and found that he was working as
+fireman at the wireless station of that great
+city. This German professor of electricity
+had resigned a $3,000 a year position to
+work for $75 a month as fireman. As soon
+as he found that the United States Government
+was upon his track he fled to Mexico.
+This spy's camouflage was love for the United
+States, but his treason was revealed through
+his hatred of England. That man should
+have been arrested at dark, tried at midnight,
+and shot at daybreak.</p>
+
+<p>There is a newspaper reporter in this country.
+This German-American was caught by
+a trick. Another reporter faked a story,
+writing out on his typewriter an account
+of several German submarines getting into
+the harbour of Liverpool and blowing up
+half a dozen English steamers and killing
+several thousand Englishmen, and this German-American
+reporter lifted his hands into<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[144]</a></span>
+the air in glee, and in the presence of half a
+dozen fellow reporters shouted: "I knew it!
+I knew it! I knew the Germans would
+smash Hades out of them!" In that moment
+he revealed his real attitude towards
+the United States. Any man that wants
+Admiral Beatty defeated wants the American
+transports sunk and American soldiers
+murdered. That reporter should also have
+been arrested at dark, tried at midnight, and
+shot at daybreak.</p>
+
+<p>In another city there is a young Irish
+writer. He fulfills all the proverbs about
+the crazy Irishman. In connection with the
+Sinn Fein conspiracy this young writer proposed
+a toast to the memory of Sir Roger
+Casement, the success of the revolution, and
+poured forth such bitterness upon England
+as cannot be described by those who hate
+ingratitude towards a country that has given
+us a chance to prepare. Wherever that man
+goes he carries hate with him towards Great
+Britain. His atmosphere is malign; his
+presence breathes treason towards England.
+That is another man who should have been
+arrested at dark, tried at midnight, and shot
+at daybreak. No man can serve God and
+Mammon. No man can be faithful to the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[145]</a></span>
+United States who hates England and loves
+Germany. He must love the one and hate
+the other; he must hold to the one and despise
+the crimes of the other. No man can
+serve God and the Allies, Germany and the
+devil, at one and the same time.</p>
+
+
+<h3>4. British vs. American Girls in Munition
+Factories</h3>
+
+<p>To-morrow morning at eight o'clock one
+million British girls will enter the munition
+and related factories. To-morrow afternoon
+at four o'clock another million girls will
+enter the same factories, to be followed at
+midnight by the third shift of women.</p>
+
+<p>These factories average forty feet wide,
+and end to end would be 100 feet in length.
+The roar of the machinery is never silent by
+day or night.</p>
+
+<p>In one factory I saw a young woman who
+was closely related, through her grandfather,
+to a man in the House of Lords. Her arms
+were black with machine oil, her hair was
+under a rubber cover, she wore bloomers.
+Her task was pouring two tons of molten
+steel into the shell moulds. The great shells
+passed from the hands of one girl to another<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[146]</a></span>
+until the fiftieth girl, 1,500 feet away, finished
+the threads into which the cap's screw
+was fastened.</p>
+
+<p>Every twenty-four hours these women
+turn out more small calibre cartridges than
+all England did the first year of this war.
+Every forty-eight hours they turn out more
+large cartridges than all England did the
+first year of this war. Every six days, with
+the help of men not fit for the battle front,
+they turn out more heavy cannon than all
+England did the first year of this war.</p>
+
+<p>They have sent 17,000,900 tons of ammunition
+to the front. Their shells are roaring
+on five battle fronts in three continents.
+When the British boys thrust their huge
+shells into the cannon these boys literally receive
+the shells at the hands of the millions of
+English girls who are passing them forward.</p>
+
+<p>Wonderful the heroism of the British soldiers!
+The reason why the men fight well
+at the front is because there are women at
+home worth fighting for. In all ages battles
+have been won, partly by the strong arm of
+the soldier, but chiefly by the heart that
+nerves the arm. That is why John Ruskin
+once said that "the woman in the rear generally
+wins the victory at the front."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[147]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>It stirs one's sense of wonder to find that
+all classes and all social conditions are represented
+in these factories. Thousands of
+young school-teachers have left the schoolroom
+behind, closed the book and desk and
+gone to the factory. Tens of thousands of
+young wives and mothers have left their
+little children with the grandmother. Many
+rectors and clergymen and priests, unfit for
+service at the front by reason of age, work
+all day long in the munition factory. Many
+a professional man crowds his work in the
+office that he may reach the factory for at
+least a few hours' work upon shot and shell.</p>
+
+<p>One day in France, as I was entering the
+factory, I saw perhaps twenty young women
+come out, hurry across the street to a building
+where two old crippled soldiers were
+taking care of the little children. These
+young mothers nursed their babes, looked
+after the other children and then hurried
+back to the factory. Every minute was
+precious; every day was big with destiny.
+Their young husbands and brothers and
+lovers, when the German push came, must
+have their cartridges and shells ready and in
+abundance.</p>
+
+<p>Watching these women with their strained,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[148]</a></span>
+anxious faces&mdash;women who cut each thread
+in the shell with the accuracy of the expert&mdash;you
+could see the lips of the woman murmuring,
+and needed no confession from her
+that she was silently praying for the man
+who would use this weapon to defend her
+beloved France, her aged mother and her
+little child.</p>
+
+<p>When the beast is slain and the Potsdam
+gang tried and executed for their crimes,
+and the boys come home with trumpets and
+banners, the ovations will be for the soldiers;
+but after the soldiers have had their
+parade and their honour and their ovation
+on the first day of the triumph, there should
+be a second great parade, in which, while
+the soldiers stand on the streets and observe,
+and the merchants and working men and the
+professional classes stand as spectators, down
+the street shall march the munition girls,
+who fashioned the weapons with which the
+soldiers slew the common enemy.</p>
+
+<p>For while the boys at the front have defended
+liberty the girls at home have armed
+the soldiers. Neither one without the other
+could have made the world safe for democracy.</p>
+
+<p>Through the imagination these women<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[149]</a></span>
+have a right, while they toil, to watch the
+shell complete their work. The smith who
+forges the chain for the ship's anchor has a
+right to exult when he looks out through his
+imagination upon the great boat held firm by
+his chain in the hour when the storm threatened
+to hurl the craft upon the rocks. The
+inventor has a right to say: "That granary
+full of wheat is mine; I invented the
+reaper." The physician has a right to rejoice
+over the battle and victory over the
+youth whose life was saved by the surgeon's
+skill. Not otherwise, the munition girl has
+a right when the long day of battle is over
+to say: "I safeguarded that cottage; I
+lifted a shield above that little child; I
+built a wall against the cathedral and the
+gallery and the homes of yonder city."</p>
+
+<p>For American girls of vision there is nothing
+that they so much desire as the immediate
+condemnation by our Government
+of 10,000 luxury-producing plants in this
+country, which should immediately be taken
+over by our Government for munition purposes,
+and before the daybreak of the first
+morning there would be ten million American
+girls standing before the doors, trying to
+break their way in to obtain a chance to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[150]</a></span>
+fashion the shells that would protect American
+boys in danger at the front.</p>
+
+
+<h3>5. The Wolves' Den on Vimy Ridge</h3>
+
+<p>The bloodiest battle of 1917 was fought
+on the slopes of Vimy Ridge. That ridge is
+seven and a half miles long and is shaped
+like a dog's hind leg. Lifted up to an elevation
+of several hundred feet, the hill not
+only commands an outlook upon the German
+lines eastward, but protects the great plains
+that slope westward towards the English
+Channel.</p>
+
+<p>To hold that ridge the Germans constructed
+a vast system of trenches, barbed
+wire barriers, Portland cement pill-boxes
+and underneath the ridge, at a depth of sixty
+feet, they made their prisoners dig a gallery
+seven and a half miles long, with rooms for
+the officers opening out on either side of the
+long passageways.</p>
+
+<p>One morning the Canadian troops started
+up the long sloping hillside, under skies that
+rained cartridges, shells and gas bombs. So
+terrific was the machine-gun fire that some
+cartridges cut trees in two as if they had
+been cut with a saw, while others did not so<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[151]</a></span>
+much strike the Canadian boys as cut their
+bodies into two parts.</p>
+
+<p>Lying upon their faces they crawled up
+the hillside, cutting the wires as they crept
+forward. Not until the second afternoon
+did the shattered remnants reach the German
+trench that crowned the hillcrest. Then
+they plunged down into the trench, while
+the Germans rushed down the long stairs
+into the underground chamber and fled
+through the lower openings of their long
+gallery northward towards safety.</p>
+
+<p>Not until the Canadian officers led us into
+one of those German chambers did we understand
+the black tragedy. The room was
+shell-proof. The soft yellow clay was shored
+up by rough boards. All around the walls
+were bunks. In that chamber the German
+officers had kept the captive French and
+Belgian girls. There were two cupboards
+standing against the wall. One was made
+of rough boards; the other was a large,
+exquisitely carved walnut bureau for girls'
+garments. When the German officers fled
+from the trench above they had just time to
+escape to the lower shell-proof rooms, grab
+some of the treasure and flee. Unwilling
+to give these captive girls their freedom,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[152]</a></span>
+since they could not have the girls they determined
+that their French and Belgian fathers
+and sweethearts should not recover
+them.</p>
+
+<p>There was just time during the excitement
+of the flight to unlock the door, rush in and
+send a bullet through each young woman.
+A few minutes later the Canadian boys
+swarmed through the long connecting
+chambers and side rooms.</p>
+
+<p>In one of those rooms they found these
+young women now dead or dying. Gas
+bombs had already been flung down and
+the rooms were foul with poisoned air. Protected
+by their masks the Canadian boys
+had time to pick up these girls and carry
+them up the steps into the open air, where
+they laid them down on the grass in the
+open sunshine. But help came too late.
+Beginning with an attempt to murder the
+souls of the girls the German officers had
+ended by slaying their bodies.</p>
+
+<p>An officer saw to it that the official
+photographer kept the record of the faces of
+these dead girls. Once they must have been
+divinely beautiful, for all were lovely beyond
+the average. One could understand
+the pride and joy of a father or lover when<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[153]</a></span>
+he looked upon the young girl's face. The
+slender body made one think of the tall lily
+stem, crowned with that flower named the face
+and glorious head. Strangely enough they
+seemed to sleep as if peace had come, after
+long pain. Plainly death had been longed for.</p>
+
+<p>Weeks passed by. The photographs of
+the dead girls were shown in the hope that
+if possible word might reach their parents,
+but no friend had been found to recognize
+them. One day a Canadian officer, making
+slow recovery in a hospital near the coast,
+was asked by his nurse for the photograph.</p>
+
+<p>It seemed there was a Belgian woman
+working in the hospital. Her village had
+been entirely destroyed. Her home was
+gone and all whom she loved had disappeared.
+By some accident the Red Cross
+nurse remembered this photograph and decided
+to show it to the Belgian woman who
+had passed so swiftly from abundance and
+happiness to the utmost of poverty and
+heart-break. Almost unwillingly at first the
+woman looked at the print. A moment
+later she held the picture out at arm's
+length, rose to her feet, then drew it to her
+lips and hugged it to her breast.</p>
+
+<p>With streaming eyes she almost shouted,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[154]</a></span>
+"Thank God! Julia is dead! Thank God!
+Julia is dead! Now I know there is a God
+in Israel, for Julia is dead, is dead&mdash;is dead!
+Thank God! Thank God!"</p>
+
+<p>Though for a long time the doves had
+been in the clutches of the German hawks;
+though for a long time the lambs had been
+in the jaws of the German wolves; when all
+else failed death came and released the lovely
+girls from the clutch of German assassins.</p>
+
+
+<h3>6. "Why Did You Leave Us in Hell
+for Two Years?"</h3>
+
+<p>For British soldiers it had been a long
+trying day on Messines Ridge. For many
+nights the boys had been coming up towards
+the front trenches. The next morning at
+3:50 they were to go "over the top"; a
+feat which they accomplished, driving in a
+mile and a half deep, on a long, long line,
+only to be stopped by four days and nights
+of rain that drowned the trenches and drove
+them back out of the flooded valley to the
+hillside. Because the Germans knew what
+must come the next day, the German cannon
+were trying to bomb out the British guns.</p>
+
+<p>That night&mdash;tired out&mdash;we drove back<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[155]</a></span>
+eighteen miles behind the line for one good
+night's sleep. After dinner an English lieutenant
+told me this tragic tale:</p>
+
+<p>"It was an April night last spring. All
+day the wind and fog and rain had been
+coming in from the North Sea. The chill
+and damp went into the very marrow of the
+bones. When night fell a few of us officers
+crept down the long stair into a shell-proof
+room. There we had our pipes and gossiped
+about the events of the day and talked
+with the French captain, our guest, who was
+spending a week studying our sector. Finally
+the time came when we must go back into
+the trench to take our turn in the rain.</p>
+
+<p>"We were putting on our raincoats, when
+in my happiness I said, 'Well, men, you
+should congratulate me. One week from
+to-night I shall not be here in this rain and
+mud. I shall be home in England and have
+my little wife and my baby girl. Just one
+week! It seems like seven eternities instead
+of seven days and nights!'</p>
+
+<p>"I little dreamed the little tragedy that I
+had precipitated. My colonel was very kind.
+He told me that he would have his permission
+in three more months. The rest of
+the boys also said nice things. Suddenly we<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[156]</a></span>
+realized that the French captain was acting
+very strangely and saying excited things
+with his back towards us. We did not
+know how we had insulted him, nor could
+we understand what had happened. Finally
+my colonel said to him:</p>
+
+<p>"'Captain, I hope you will have your
+vacation soon and have a chance to go home
+and see your family.'</p>
+
+<p>"He turned on us like a crazy man. He
+put his fists in the air, he half shouted and
+half sobbed at us.</p>
+
+<p>"'How do you men dare talk to me
+about going home? Your land has never
+been invaded, nor your families ruined.
+Home! How can I go home? The Germans
+have had my town for a year. In
+their retreat they carried away my little girl
+and my young wife, and now the priest has
+gotten word to me that in six weeks my little
+girl and my young wife will both have babes
+by the German beast who carried them off.'</p>
+
+<p>"And then the Frenchman cursed God
+and cursed the devil! Cursed the Kaiser
+and cursed the Fatherland. Oh, it was so
+terrible. Doctor, I often wonder how Americans
+could have left the women and girls of
+Belgium and France in hell for two and a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a></span>
+half years, while you men stood in safety
+and in peace."</p>
+
+<p>The historian will find it hard to answer
+that question. History will have it to say
+that England was the good Samaritan who
+helped the Belgians who had fallen among
+thieves, while Americans were among those
+who passed by on the other side.</p>
+
+
+<h3>7. "This War Will End Within Forty
+Years"</h3>
+
+<p>A New Zealand officer was giving directions
+to a group of his soldiers. They were
+in the field at the foot of Bapaume. The
+immediate task was that of cutting and rolling
+up the barbed wire. In that territory the
+Germans had left trenches foul with fever,
+wells filled with the corpses of men and
+horses, springs polluted with every form of
+filth, but worst of all, the barbed wire entanglements.
+Every sharp point was covered
+with rust and threatened lockjaw. Looking
+in every direction, the whole land was
+yellow with the barbed wire. The work
+was dangerous. The rebound of the wire
+threatened the eye with its vision, threatened
+the face and the hand, and all the soldiers<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[158]</a></span>
+were in a mood of rebellion. In an angry
+mood, the officer exclaimed, "There are a
+hundred million miles of German barbed
+wire in France!"</p>
+
+<p>And when later I asked the first lieutenant
+how long this war would last, he made the
+instant answer, "This war will continue forty
+years more! One year for the fighting, and
+thirty-nine years to roll up the wire."</p>
+
+<p>Because every soldier at the front hated
+the wire entanglements, that bright sentence
+ran up and down the entire line from Belgium
+to the Swiss frontier. And for men
+of experience there is more truth in the
+statement than one would at first blush
+think. It will take one more year for the
+fighting, but it will take thirty-nine years
+more to grow the shade trees. Five centuries
+ago the French began to develop the
+love of the beautiful. On either side of the
+roads running across the land they planted
+two rows of poplars, oaks or elms. When
+long time had passed the fame of the French
+roads and the shade trees went out into all
+the earth. Under these trees the French
+farmer stopped his cart, fed his horses and
+refreshed himself beneath the shade. Under
+these trees the old men at the end of their<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[159]</a></span>
+career rested themselves, and gossiped about
+old friends that had gone.</p>
+
+<p>And when the German found he could not
+hold the land and enjoy the shade trees, the
+splendid orchards, the purple vineyards, he
+determined that the Frenchman should not
+have them, and so he lifted the axe upon
+every peach and pear, plum and grape,
+cherry and gooseberry tree. Perhaps it was
+as black a crime to murder the land as it was
+to murder the bodies of the farmers, since
+the soul is immortal.</p>
+
+<p>"One more year of fighting and thirty-nine
+years" not to roll up the wire, but to
+rebuild the cathedrals and churches, the
+colleges and universities, the halls of science,
+the temples of art, the mills for the weaving
+of cotton and linen and wool, and above all
+for the rebuilding of the railways, the reconstruction
+of the canals and the bridges,
+great and small. But the most grievous loss
+is the human loss. Think of 1,500,000
+crippled heroes and poor wounded invalids
+in the land of France alone! Think of another
+1,500,000 young widows, or lovers
+and mothers! Gone the young men who
+promised so great things for the French
+essay, the French poem, for the paintings<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[160]</a></span>
+and the bronzes! Dead the young lawyers,
+physicians and educators! Gone the young
+farmers and husbandmen! Perished 1,000,000
+old people and 500,000 little children,
+all dead of heart-break. The German beast
+has been in the land. Like a wolf leaping
+into the sheepfold to tear the throats of the
+young lambs and the mother ewes.</p>
+
+<p>What! Thirty-nine years more to recover
+ruined France and Belgium, Poland and
+Rumania? France will never be the same
+again. The scar of the beast will abide.
+That is why no man of large mind and
+great heart will ever make friends with a
+soldier from Germany, will ever buy an
+article of German stamp, so long as he lives,
+will ever read another German book, or
+support another German business. It is our
+duty to forgive the transgressor who is
+repentant, but it is a crime to forget the unspeakable
+atrocities, the devilish cruelties of
+the German Kaiser, the German War Staff
+and the German army, with its 10,000,000
+criminals.</p>
+
+
+<h3>8. "Why Are We Outmanned by the
+Germans?"</h3>
+
+<p>Many thoughtful men have lingered long<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[161]</a></span>
+over the despatches announcing that Great
+Britain called thirty thousand farmers to the
+trenches, thus threatening the loss of a part
+of her harvest. One of the British editors
+and statesmen explains this event by the
+frank statement that for the moment the
+Allies are outmanned, and will be until
+another million Americans reach France.
+Many men are puzzled to understand what
+this means, but the explanation is very
+simple. The combined population of Germany,
+Austria, Hungary and Bulgaria is not
+far from 140,000,000. To this must be
+added seventy millions of conquered and impressed
+peoples of Belgium, Poland, Rumania,
+with the Baltic provinces of Russia,
+Ukraine and other regions. Over against
+this population stands the 125,000,000 living
+in Great Britain, France, Italy, Canada,
+Australia, New Zealand and the English
+people of South Africa, and India, and the
+Isles of the Sea. Concede, therefore, that
+the army of six millions of Allies are over
+against six millions of Germans. Why are
+we outmanned?</p>
+
+<p>Back of that British editor-statesman's
+statement lies a most dramatic fact. Our
+Allies keep their treaties, and will not use<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[162]</a></span>
+German prisoners to fight against their brothers.
+Therefore the six million of Allies' soldiers
+have no support behind them. But
+the Germans impress all conquered peoples
+and lifted into the air if the observer had a
+glass powerful enough, he would behold
+back of the German six millions another six
+millions of impressed prisoners and conquered
+peoples, who support the German
+army. These men, driven forward by an
+automatic pistol and the rifle, work within
+half a mile of the rear German trench.
+They dig ditches, fill shell holes, repair
+roads, bring up burdens, care for the horses,
+scrub the mud from the wagons, and the
+slightest neglect of the task means that they
+are shot down by the German guards. All
+this releases the German soldier from the
+deadly work that breaks the nerve, and unfits
+a man to go over the top. That means
+that the German soldier can fight eight
+hours, and have sixteen for rest and recreation.</p>
+
+<p>But over against this German army fighting
+eight hours, with the deadly work
+wrought by several million of impressed
+servants and slaves, stands the Allied army.
+But our men after eight hours of active service<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[163]</a></span>
+must then begin to dig ditches, fill shell
+holes, repair bridges, clean the mud from
+the wagons, bring up the munitions, and
+this deadly work for eight hours, added to
+their eight hours of active service, means
+only eight hours for sleep and recovery,
+while the German has sixteen hours off duty
+for recovery and sleep. The Allies keep
+their treaties, and do not ask a German
+prisoner to fight against his brother. The
+Allies obey the laws of right and wrong,
+but the Ten Commandments are a great
+handicap in time of war. Is there any one
+who supposes that six million of Allied soldiers,
+working sixteen hours a day, are as
+fresh and as fit as six million Germans,
+working only eight hours a day? That is
+why the situation is so perilous. Fortunately
+victories are not won by muscle without
+but by the soul within. The sense of
+justice in the heart lends a form of omnipotence
+to a youth. In a moral universe,
+therefore, we must win. The great problem
+is, how to carry on until we can get another
+million Americans across to France, with full
+equipment, and fifty thousand aeroplanes.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[164]</a></span></p>
+<h2 class="lu">"OVER HERE"</h2>
+
+<h2>VI</h2>
+
+
+<h3>1. The Redemption of a Slacker</h3>
+
+<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">Out</span> on the Ohio River there is a large
+steel town. During the last few years
+many foreigners who have the Bolsheviki
+spirit have crossed the ocean and found work
+in the great shops and factories. Little by
+little the foreign newspapers have developed
+the spirit that has now ruined Russia,
+and is here under the American name of the
+I. W. W. movement. In this steel city was
+an anarchist, with real power to move the
+mobs. The mere mention of the name of
+Carnegie or Rockefeller was to him like
+waving a red flag in the face of a bull. In
+the evenings it was his custom to climb
+upon a box at the corner of the street, close
+to a little park, and tell his hearers that all
+the wealth in the rich man's house was
+created by the workman's muscle. He made
+no allowance for the inventor, for the organizer,
+for the risks taken by the man who<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[165]</a></span>
+built a factory. A few weeks ago this anarchist
+laid down a newspaper, containing an
+account of the trial of the I. W. W. leaders
+in Chicago. That night, becoming alarmed,
+lest he himself be caught in the drag-net, and
+perhaps forced to enlist as an enemy alien,
+this agitator disappeared, leaving behind him
+his board bill, laundry bill, tailor's bill, not
+to mention many other forms of indebtedness&mdash;a
+disappearance that led every one of
+his creditors to give up any and all faith in
+the American Bolsheviki movement.</p>
+
+<p>Now there was a young boy of about
+twenty-three who had long been listening to
+this agitator. When, therefore, the second
+night after the anarchist's disappearance
+came, this young man, who aspired himself
+to be a leader of the mob, climbed up on the
+soap box, at the corner of the little park, and
+began to speak to the same old crowd.</p>
+
+<p>"Think of it, my friends! Just think of
+it! Think of some soldier coming in here and
+making me enlist! I have no grudge against
+the Germans. I don't want to kill them. My
+forefathers were all German! My name is
+German. And I am an American all right,
+all right! Still, I don't propose to have
+anybody tell me what I must do. If I want<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[166]</a></span>
+to enlist, I will enlist, and if I don't, I won't!
+I'd like to see some Government agent come
+along and grab me for the draft! When he
+comes, he'll hear a few things from me, and
+then some!"</p>
+
+<p>At that point a man lifted up his hand
+and said: "Now you may stop right there!"
+Throwing back his coat collar, he showed a
+little metal badge. Climbing up on the box,
+the stranger took the young anarchist by his
+shoulder and half choked him, saying: "So
+you want to have the people see some one
+take you to the draft office? Well," said
+the officer, "now's the time for them to see
+him, and I'm the man. And you people,"
+he went on, "just take a good look at this
+fellow. It'll be the last chance you're going
+to have, for he will be in jail to-night, and
+to-morrow we will decide whether or not he
+has been opposing the draft. If he has, he
+stands a good chance of being shot." Blowing
+a little whistle, the officer dragged the
+young anarchist to the edge of the street,
+half lifted and half kicked him into the
+police wagon, which soon disappeared. The
+enemy aliens who remained behind were
+stupefied, partly with astonishment and
+partly with terror. Aliens began to say,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[167]</a></span>
+"What will come next?" That night a
+number more of pro-Germans disappeared
+from this town with its steel mills.</p>
+
+<p>The next morning, at ten o'clock, the officer
+entered the jail. "Get a move on you,
+young man!" he said brusquely. "You're
+going up to the court to be examined to see
+whether you are a slacker or a traitor. In
+the one case you will be interned and in the
+other case you will be hanged or shot."</p>
+
+<p>The young anarchist was on his feet in a
+moment. "But, officer, aren't you going to
+give me a chance to enlist?"</p>
+
+<p>"Young man, this Government does not
+want traitors to enlist, nor pro-Germans."</p>
+
+<p>"I am not a pro-German this morning,"
+cried the excited man. "I have thought
+the whole thing over last night. I did not
+sleep a wink. I think this Government is
+the best government in the world. And I
+am willing to fight for it."</p>
+
+<p>The officer was astounded. "Well, my
+young enemy," he exclaimed, "a dungeon
+seems to have had a good effect upon your
+mind. What has regenerated you? Was it
+the cold water or the corn bread? Or the
+steel door before your dungeon? Or was it
+the bad air in your cell? Or possibly it was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[168]</a></span>
+the fear of death, or God Almighty, or future
+punishment. Come now, out with it!"</p>
+
+<p>It was a thoroughly frightened boy who
+stood half an hour later in the prisoner's
+dock. "Give me some book on the Government
+of the United States," he exclaimed
+to the judge. "And give me a week in which
+to show that I am in earnest, and I will
+then volunteer." The judge was very grave.
+"Young man," he said sternly, "any boy
+that will eat the bread of the United States,
+that will enjoy the liberty of this country,
+and has had all the chances to climb to
+place that have come to you, and refuses to
+enlist, has something wrong with him, and
+it is only a question of time when he comes
+to the judgment day." To this the young
+man made the answer that he had been lazy,
+careless and ignorant; that he had allowed
+himself to become the tool of the runaway
+agitator, and then once more he asked that
+he might have a chance to enlist. With the
+help of friends, the judge and the draft
+board finally let him off and sent him to a
+camp for three months' intensive training.
+Then came the news that his company had
+been sent over seas, and within a short time
+thereafter in the list of casualties the name<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[169]</a></span>
+of this young foreigner appeared. But one
+letter reached this country, and that letter
+was notable for this sentence: "For the first
+time in my life I have had young Americans
+for my companions. The boys in my company
+have had a college education and they
+have taught me bravery, truth, self-sacrifice,
+kindness and chivalry. I have learned more
+in two months at the camp than in all the
+rest of my life put together. The companionship
+in my company and in my camp
+have saved my soul." It is this that explains
+the redemption of the slacker.</p>
+
+
+<h3>2. Slackers versus Heroes</h3>
+
+<p>Going through the long communication
+trench, between the ruined city of Rheims
+and an observation lookout, with its view of
+the German front trench, we passed several
+soldiers digging an opening in the soft white
+marl, into a parallel trench. The captain
+in charge called my attention to a French
+poilu. His hair was quite black, save for
+the half inch next to the scalp and that was
+white as snow. If one had lifted up his hair
+and estimated his age by the last two inches
+of the jet locks the poilu would have been<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[170]</a></span>
+about thirty-five, but the hair, pure white at
+the roots, and a glance at his face told us
+that he was fifty-five to sixty.</p>
+
+<p>"He passed inspection," said the captain,
+"by dyeing his hair, and several weeks ago
+he broke the bottle of dye. Now he is half
+scared to death for fear he will be thrown
+out, because he is at the beginning of old
+age. Still I have no better soldier, no
+stronger, braver man. But I am hoping
+much from a friend in Epernay, to whom I
+sent for a bottle of black hair dye."</p>
+
+<p>So long as the Frenchmen have that
+spirit France will never be defeated.</p>
+
+<p>Many weeks ago I was in a manufacturing
+town near Pittsburgh. The wind was sharp
+and chill. All overcoats were turned up
+at the collar. On a box stood a young
+Australian lieutenant. His cheeks held
+two fiery spots. He was telling the story
+of the second battle of Ypres. While he
+talked you walked with him the streets of
+the doomed city, you heard the crash of the
+great shells as they smashed through the
+public buildings; you witnessed the burning
+of the Cloth Hall and shivered as the noble
+structure fell. One laughed with him in his
+moments of humour and wept over the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[171]</a></span>
+sorrows of the refugees. He pleaded with
+the Welshmen and the Cornishmen, and told
+them that the motherland was bleeding to
+death and that now every boy counted. He
+flogged his hearers, scoffed at them, praised
+them, wept, laughed, reviled, transformed
+and finally conquered them.</p>
+
+<p>At the close, shaking hands with him, lo!
+he was burning with fever, with skin hot
+and dry. "Lieutenant, you should be at the
+hotel, in bed. You will kill yourself speaking
+in this cold air."</p>
+
+<p>"Well," he answered, "there are plenty
+of our boys who are perfectly sound who
+will be killed inside of three months. I have
+the t. b., (tuberculosis), but I believe that
+I can pull through a year. I have enlisted
+over one hundred coal miners from Wales
+and iron-workers from Cornwall. I am willing
+to die for the motherland, after a
+year of t. b., since my pals will be dead
+within three months through bullets. And
+when I die I want to die with the consciousness
+that I have kept my manhood."</p>
+
+<p>I left that poor, wounded, half-dead
+young soldier with the feeling that I had
+been in the presence of a superior being.</p>
+
+<p>Over against these heroes stand the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[172]</a></span>
+slackers. There are hundreds and thousands
+of young men from allied countries
+who are of draft age, who find refuge in this
+land. There are other thousands who have
+been exempted, one because he has a flat instep,
+another because he has had trouble with
+his eyes or his teeth; or has tuberculosis, in
+its initial form, or is a victim of bronchitis.
+Most of these men owe it to their country
+and themselves to tear up their exemption
+papers. They earn their living in this country,
+working ten hours a day, but they will
+not work six or eight hours a day for Old
+England, thus releasing some young man to
+go to the front.</p>
+
+<p>The question is not whether the youth has
+an exemption paper. The heart of the question
+is, Has he any moral right to accept an
+exemption? This war is being fought by
+untold thousands of soldiers who could obtain
+half a dozen exemptions. They prefer
+to run the risk of death in six months, to
+looking after their own hides and keeping
+well away from danger for the next six
+years or sixty. No one who has been in the
+coal regions or in the great mines of the
+Rocky Mountains but realizes that there are
+an enormous number of allied slackers in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[173]</a></span>
+this country. They have left their country
+to its dire peril at a moment when Old England
+is bleeding to death&mdash;when every man
+counts and when the cripples, the invalids,
+the old men, the women, everybody who can
+give four hours or eight of work a day
+should enter the great war offices or commissary
+departments and do office work, and
+thus release the stronger men for their work
+at the front.</p>
+
+<p>The time has fully come when Americans
+should ask themselves the question whether
+or not they have a moral right to support
+with money that could be far better used, in
+the war stamp purchases or Red Cross work,
+all these slackers and cowards, at a time when
+the motherland asks them to throw away
+their exemption papers, in an hour when
+civilization, liberty and humanity are treasures
+trembling in the balance.</p>
+
+
+<h3>3. German Stupidity in Avoiding the
+Draft</h3>
+
+<p>Following the revolution of 1848 in Germany,
+multitudes of people fled from Prussia
+and Bavaria, and these fugitives, settling in
+the United States, organized colonies that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[174]</a></span>
+grew until there were often one hundred
+families in a single community. Strangely
+enough, as the years went on, these Germans
+forgot the iron yoke they once had borne,
+until, when many years had passed by, it
+came about that time and distance lent a
+glamour to the landscape of the far-off
+Fatherland. Occasional letters from their
+relatives kept them in touch with the old
+German home. At last they quite forgot
+the militarism, the poverty, the cruel limitations
+and the hypocrisy of Germany. Familiarity
+also with the institutions of the
+Republic bred a kind of contempt. Through
+the imagination Germany became an enchanted
+land. When, therefore, war was
+declared these German-Americans came together
+in their clubs, beer gardens and German
+churches, to pledge unswerving fealty
+to the Kaiser and to the militarism from
+which once they had fled as from death
+itself.</p>
+
+<p>Last summer brought the Government
+draft to the young men of one of these German
+colonies. The week was approaching
+when the German boys must have their
+physical examination. American officers,
+American physicians and the members of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[175]</a></span>
+draft board were already in session in a certain
+town. One Sunday a German-American
+physician appeared in that community.
+That night some twenty or more young German-Americans
+met that physician. He
+told them plainly how deeply he sympathized
+with their unwillingness to turn their
+guns against their own German cousins and
+relatives in the Fatherland. Out of pity and
+compassion had been born his plan to save
+their limbs and perhaps their lives, and also
+to serve the Fatherland and the beloved
+Kaiser. "I have here," said the physician,
+"a certain heart depressant. It will slow
+your heart like the brake on an automobile.
+It is a simple coal-oil product. It is quite
+harmless. It was made by the well-known
+German firm of Baer &amp; Company, chemists,
+and it is so cheap. I shall see to it that you
+are rejected for the draft. And&mdash;think of
+it!&mdash;only twenty-five dollars! For that
+little sum I will keep you from being
+wounded or killed. You will each one give
+me twenty-five dollars; then I will give you
+this bottle, holding five grains for Monday,
+ten grains for Tuesday, fifteen grains for
+Wednesday, twenty grains for Thursday,
+twenty-five grains for Friday, and on Saturday<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[176]</a></span>
+you will be rejected." Ten minutes
+later the necromancer had juggled twenty-five
+dollars out of the pocket of each newly
+drafted boy and into his own right-hand
+pocket.</p>
+
+<p>On Saturday these young men appeared
+before the draft board and the Government
+physicians. All the boys were in a dreadful
+condition nervously. Now the heart would
+drop to forty, and then at the slightest exertion
+run up to two hundred and twenty. All
+were dizzy, nauseated, yellow and green,
+feverish. But the Secret Service men knew
+every detail of what had taken place, and all
+the facts were in the hands of the draft
+board. A certain farmer's son, young Heinrich
+H&mdash;&mdash;, was first examined. The United
+States physician counted a pulse that varied
+from forty to two hundred and twenty. The
+physician kept his face perfectly straight.
+"Marvellous heart! Regular as a clock!
+Strong as the throbbing of a locomotive.
+Seventy-two exactly! Absolutely normal.
+I congratulate you, young men, upon your
+fine heart action. A man is as old as his
+heart engine. A boy with a heart like yours
+ought to live to be a hundred years old. All
+you need is a change of climate. France<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[177]</a></span>
+will do the world for you. You may need a
+little heart stimulant, but I think that nothing
+hastens the pulse beat like a few rifle
+balls and bomb shells from Hindenburg."
+He sent every one of the twenty boys into
+the service, but separated them, one going
+to Camp Ayer, in Massachusetts; one to
+Camp Bliss, in El Paso, Texas, and the rest
+to camps in States between. In one Middle
+West community a German father and son
+went so far as to deaden pain through cocaine
+and then cut off the finger of the right
+hand. It is generally understood that both
+the father and son are now in two widely
+separated penitentiaries, reflecting each in
+his own cell upon the folly of treason and
+the crime of becoming a traitor to the kindest
+and best Government that has ever been
+organized upon our earth.</p>
+
+
+<h3>4. "I'm Working Now for Uncle
+Sam"</h3>
+
+<p>The long transatlantic train came to a
+dead stop at the division station in that
+great Southwestern State, where one was
+surrounded by sage-brush, the sand, the distant
+foot-hills and the far-off mountain range.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[178]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>One of the Pullman cars showed signs of
+a hot box, and a moment later the wheel
+burst into a mass of flame. In the thirty
+minutes' wait for repairs I made my way
+into the room where the conductors, engineers
+and firemen met. On a little table I
+found a copy of the address given before the
+railroad men of El Paso, Texas, by Secretary
+McAdoo.</p>
+
+<p>I called the attention of the different men
+to the address, to the clarity of the reasoning,
+the simplicity of the argument, the
+strength of the appeal and the glowing
+patriotism that filled all the pages. The
+pamphlet had been worn by much reading.
+It was covered with the black finger prints
+of busy men who had been working around
+the locomotives and tenders.</p>
+
+<p>Plainly Mr. McAdoo's speech had made
+a profound impression upon these employees.
+Having first of all called the
+attention of the large group of men to the
+creative work of Alexander Hamilton, the
+first Secretary of the Treasury, who struck,
+as Daniel Webster said, "the dry rock of
+national credit and abundant streams of
+revenue gushed forth," I asked these men
+whether there had been in one hundred and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[179]</a></span>
+twenty-five years any forward movement in
+finance that was comparable to the benefits
+derived from the national reserve bank law,
+under Secretary McAdoo, a law that not only
+had prevented a panic in this country during
+this war, but had raised more billions within
+four years than the total cost of the Government
+in the first century of our existence.</p>
+
+<p>Late that afternoon, on the train, the conductor
+sought me out. In the midst of the
+discussion he drew out a roll of bills. He
+told me that in those mountain towns many
+of the ranchers did not buy their tickets at
+the stations.</p>
+
+<p>To use his expression, "They had it in for
+the railroads." "They pay me their fare in
+cash, and when I give them the receipt they
+tear up the receipt and wink at me. I always
+feel," he said, "like resenting these
+actions, because I know that they are incitements
+to petty theft, but now," he said, "I
+have my chance. I always tell them," said
+the conductor, "that money belongs to
+Uncle Sam. He runs this railroad, Uncle
+Sam takes this money.</p>
+
+<p>"With it he will buy guns for the American
+boys at the front and build ships to
+carry food that will feed these soldiers. I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[180]</a></span>
+would rather lose that right arm than take
+one penny of money that belongs to Uncle
+Sam. This is my job to run this train. I
+tell my crew every day that we must make
+the coal produce every possible pound of
+steam, that every waste must be saved, and
+every pound of energy used and that we must
+run this train so as to help win this war."</p>
+
+<p>From morning till night I found that conductor
+was preaching that sentiment. His
+words were directly traceable to the words
+of Secretary McAdoo at El Paso, Texas.
+That single speech transformed these men.</p>
+
+<p>Measured by the results&mdash;truth that transforms
+life and changes conduct and character&mdash;that
+was a truly great speech. We must
+all hope much from this new sense of devotion
+to the interests of Uncle Sam.</p>
+
+
+<h3>5. The German Farmer's Debt to the
+United States</h3>
+
+<p>There are literally thousands of small
+German colonies in different parts of this
+country. In one far distant State is a community
+settled by about two hundred German
+families, who took up the land immediately
+after the Civil War.</p>
+
+<p>By some good fortune they settled in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[181]</a></span>
+what is now one of the very richest sections
+in the United States. Land that they bought
+for $1.25 an acre is now worth $250 an acre.
+In that community there are two German
+churches.</p>
+
+<p>Both pastors came from Germany, both
+were educated in German colleges, both read
+German newspapers and both insist upon
+carrying on a colloquial German school,
+with German teachers, German text-books
+and German standards.</p>
+
+<p>Little pressure was brought to bear upon
+these farmers during the First Liberty Loan.
+By many devices they succeeded in getting
+their boys away before the draft registration.
+While it was never proved technically
+that they had all pledged themselves not to
+oppose Germany, morally this is known to
+be the fact.</p>
+
+<p>October of 1917 came and the Second
+Liberty Loan was on. One day all these
+farmers received a printed card, saying there
+would be a meeting on Monday night, in
+connection with the Second Liberty Loan.
+"I find you made no subscription whatsoever
+to the First Liberty Loan. There are
+reasons why I think it best for me to advise
+you to attend this meeting."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[182]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Every German farmer read that card
+several times. Who was this stranger who
+was coming into the community? Was he
+a Secret Service man? How did he find out
+that there had been a secret meeting of the
+Germans immediately after war had been declared
+against Germany? Each farmer began
+to ask himself: "Has any one quoted me?"
+Each one decided to attend that meeting.</p>
+
+<p>The meeting began at precisely seven
+o'clock. Only one man who had received
+the notice was absent, and his son brought a
+message concerning his father's absence.
+The stranger arose in his place, but left it
+uncertain as to whether he was a Secret
+Service man, a banker or a patriot interested
+in his country. He began with substantially
+these words:</p>
+
+<p>"Men, you are all German-Americans.
+I find that not one of you subscribed to the
+First Liberty Loan. You came to this
+country poor men. This Government sold
+you Government land for from a dollar and
+a quarter to two dollars and a half an acre.
+But you seem to have forgotten one thing.
+Your title deed to your farm rests upon your
+loyalty as citizens of the Republic. Whenever
+you refuse to support the people of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[183]</a></span>
+Republic you have by your own act annulled
+the title deed of your land.</p>
+
+<p>"If you refuse to support your Government
+in this war, you are a traitor, and
+when this is proved you will be shot. If
+secretly you have been sending money to
+the Kaiser to buy guns with which to kill
+American boys you have forfeited the title
+deed to your farm. Your property has become
+again the possession of the Government
+and people of the United States."</p>
+
+<p>By this time these farmers had their
+mouths open, and their faces became tense
+and alarmed. When his words had had
+time to sink in, the stranger went on: "I
+have here a statement as to the number of
+acres in each farm owned by each man in
+this room. The first man's name is Heinrich
+----; you own 320 acres of land. It
+is worth at least $75,000. There is no
+mortgage on this farm. Heinrich, I think
+you had better buy $2,500 worth of Liberty
+Bonds. I am simply advising with you as a
+friend. I have made out an application for
+you, and all you have to do is to sign it.</p>
+
+<p>"My advice to every one of you is that
+you buy from three to five per cent, of the
+value of your farm. I want to say incidentally<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[184]</a></span>
+that I trust that there will never again
+be held a secret meeting of the Germans in
+this room to discuss the best way to avoid
+supporting the United States Government in
+this war against Germany, and how you can
+best help the Kaiser."</p>
+
+<p>That little sentence worked like magic.
+Every farmer in the room rose to his feet in
+his anxiety to rush forward to the table.
+Men literally struggled to see who should
+sign up first. Their enthusiasm for the
+United States Government was as boundless
+as it was sudden in its manifestation.</p>
+
+<p>Remember that there were only two hundred
+farmers in the room. And yet there
+are the best of reasons for believing that the
+men in that room bought that night nearly
+$200,000 worth of Liberty Bonds.</p>
+
+
+<h3>6. "Sharper Than a Serpent's Tooth" Is
+an Ungrateful Immigrant</h3>
+
+<p>One of the things that no patriot can ever
+understand is the ingratitude of the Germans
+who fled from the Fatherland to escape German
+militarism and autocracy.</p>
+
+<p>Lecturing in a Western State, I met a
+banker who had returned from a schoolhouse
+in a rural district where he had been<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[185]</a></span>
+talking about the Liberty Bonds to a German
+audience. One old German refused to
+attend this meeting. He was very bitter in
+his attacks upon our Government. He had
+made no subscription to the first two Liberty
+Loans; he had refused to help in the campaign
+for the Red Cross Fund; he insisted
+that he paid his taxes and that was all that
+the Government had any right to demand
+from him.</p>
+
+<p>He went one step further: The old man
+said that he had not read a single American
+newspaper since the war began, and that
+nothing but a German newspaper should
+cross his threshold until the war ended.
+Not until that banker descended upon this
+pro-German with the indignation of an outraged
+patriot did the rich old farmer capitulate.</p>
+
+<p>The story of that German is typical. He
+came to this country about 1859. When the
+homestead act was passed he received from
+the United States one hundred and sixty
+acres of land in the very centre of one of
+the richest States in this Union, and his one
+hundred and sixty acre farm is now worth
+about $100,000.</p>
+
+<p>When he ran away from Germany he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[186]</a></span>
+was receiving twenty cents a day. He rose
+at daybreak, cleaned stables, milked cows,
+toiled in the field, began his milking after
+dark, worked sixteen hours a day, had nothing
+to eat except what could not be sold by
+his employer. He was a German plebeian,
+with no chance ever to improve his condition.
+He was ignorant, stupid, a mere beast
+of burden.</p>
+
+<p>So the German boy slipped across the line
+into Holland, came steerage to this country,
+slept among the rats of the ship, but the
+people of the United States welcomed that
+miserable refugee. The American school,
+without any charge, gave him four months'
+instruction every winter until he was twenty.
+The American people gave him a farm as
+a free gift. This Republic educated his children,
+his grandchildren and enriched them
+with land, office, honours and wealth. Once
+he hated autocracy and militarism in the
+Fatherland&mdash;but in 1918 he loved them.</p>
+
+<p>No sooner did the Kaiser invade Belgium
+and commit rape upon that land than this
+German farmer passed through a revulsion.
+Whatever the Kaiser did was right. If
+Germany did a thing it was proper. Germany
+had a right to break her solemn<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[187]</a></span>
+treaties; Germany had a right to sink the
+<i>Lusitania</i>; if Germany was out of iron ore
+she had a right to invade France and steal
+her iron mines. What had been crimes suddenly
+became virtues.</p>
+
+<p>Fleeing from the German tyrant in 1859,
+in 1918 the old farmer turned upon the
+United States that had befriended him.</p>
+
+<p>"If I have to make my choice, I choose
+the Kaiser."</p>
+
+<p>Mentally, it seems absurd. Morally, his
+was a monstrous position. But blood was
+thicker than water. Gratitude had no place
+in his heart.</p>
+
+<p>This old German regarded the gift of his
+farm by our people as a sign of weakness.
+The Republic gave him a homestead because
+he was a superior man. He actually had a
+belief that Germany would soon overrun the
+world; that the Kaiser would soon be enthroned
+in Washington; that some German
+in Iowa would supersede the Government in
+Des Moines, and he was simply getting ready,
+having made friends with the Kaiser's Government,
+to receive reward when the United
+States became a German colony.</p>
+
+<p>Who can explain the obsession?</p>
+
+<p>It is clear that the German-Americans had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[188]</a></span>
+been drilled for forty years through their
+German newspapers in these ideas. Little
+by little they have been alienated from the
+institutions of the Republic. Slowly they
+have been led to believe that Berlin is soon
+to be a world capital and Kaiser Wilhelm
+the world emperor, while only Germans
+shall be allowed in this country to hold
+office or land, while all Americans become
+tenants and servitors thereto.</p>
+
+<p>Plainly this is what Siebert meant in his
+book, published five years ago in Berlin:</p>
+
+<p>"When we have reached our goal Germany
+must see to it that no race save the
+German race can have a title deed in land
+or carry weapons, just as in the first world
+empire no one but a Roman was allowed to
+own land or have a sword or spear."</p>
+
+
+<h3>7. In Praise of Our Secret Service</h3>
+
+<p>Of necessity our Secret Service work is
+carried on in silence and without blare of
+trumpets. The achievements of the Department
+of Justice cannot be proclaimed from
+the housetops. Everybody knows something
+about the crimes committed by the
+German agents. These spies, loyal with
+their lips, have in their hearts plotted innumerable<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[189]</a></span>
+crimes against our Government.
+They have dynamited our factories and
+warehouses; they have burned shops and
+planted bombs on ships; they have thrown
+trains from the track; they have poisoned
+the horses and mules upon the transports en
+route to France; they have fouled the
+springs of knowledge through their hired
+reporters; with all the cunning developed by
+long practice, they have spread their insidious
+and perilous influences into the remotest
+regions of the land. But over against these
+spies and secret agents have stood the
+United States Secret Service men, and with
+everything in favour of the German plotter,
+our defenders have beaten the German at
+his own game.</p>
+
+<p>War was declared against Germany on
+April 6, 1917. One Sunday night two or
+three weeks later a large company of German-Americans
+belonging to the secret German
+league met in their accustomed place of
+assembly. There were several hundred Germans
+present, but among them were three
+Secret Service men. The German lawyer
+who opened the meeting was very bitter.
+Having made certain that only German
+sympathizers were present, he went on to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[190]</a></span>
+say that the occasion of this war could be
+traced to Wall Street. Certain rich bankers
+and American plutocrats had loaned perhaps
+a billion dollars to England. Since the war
+was going against England, these rich men
+were afraid that they would lose their investment.
+In their emergency they forced war
+upon Congress. The speech was clever,
+specious, cunning, shrewdly calculated to stir
+up passion. And the speech was applauded
+to the echo. The second speaker made a no
+less skillful appeal to the prejudices of the
+members of the secret German-American
+league. Since the war was a money war,
+originated by Wall Street, the Government
+could be defeated as to its plans only by
+money. Therefore, every member of the
+league must make his contribution; no one
+present but must give at least ten dollars.
+And, he added, in view of the fact that it
+was Sunday night and that some might be
+without money, and since no checks could be
+accepted, there were several German bankers
+present, who would be glad to advance
+money to the members who wished to make
+cash contributions. The Germans had provided
+in advance against every possible
+emergency.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[191]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Then came the opportunity for the Secret
+Service men. The first one arose and began
+with an apology for a German brogue that
+in reality he was assuming. He spared no
+words in praising the first two speakers.
+"What a wonderful man was the Kaiser!
+What victories von Hindenburg had
+achieved! The Fatherland was standing
+with back against the wall. How wicked a
+nation was France, and Poland! What a
+black heart England had!" He pictured
+Germany as a lamb with fleece as white as
+snow, and a huge Belgian wolf jumping at
+the lamb's tender throat. "What an ambitious
+man was President Wilson. How
+eagerly had Congress waited until Germany
+was weak, and then rushed in to grab the
+fruits of war!" When this man sat down
+his hearers were in a state of rapturous upheaval.
+But scarcely had his voice ceased
+echoing in the air when the second Secret
+Service man arose. Having complimented
+the first two speeches by the German plotters,
+he said that he thought he represented
+the members in expressing the judgment that
+the third speaker had made a speech that
+was unrivalled in its statement as to the duty
+of the members toward the Kaiser and the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[192]</a></span>
+beloved Fatherland. The second Secret
+Service man, therefore, moved that it be the
+sense of the meeting that the member who
+had just spoken be made secretary of the
+meeting, be custodian of the funds just contributed.
+In five minutes he had all the
+secrets of the meeting safely lodged in the
+hands of the first Secret Service man. At
+this point the third representative of the
+Government arose and nominated the second
+Secret Service speaker, who had just taken
+his seat, as teller to count the funds, and in
+recognition of this man's gifts the teller immediately
+afterwards appointed the third
+Secret Service man assistant teller. During
+the next three hours, in the secrecy of their
+own meeting, over twenty prosperous and
+influential Germans committed themselves
+against this Government.</p>
+
+<p>About midnight the secretary and the two
+tellers turned over to the two Germans who
+had made the two big speeches at the opening
+of the meeting the entire collection,
+which amounted to thousands of dollars.
+But at half-past twelve, as these two Germans
+were entering their hotel, four Secret
+Service men tapped them on the shoulder
+and promptly relieved them of the aforementioned<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[193]</a></span>
+thousands. One of these men is
+now working out his sentence in a Southern
+penitentiary and the other in a Western
+penitentiary. Their sentences were for
+twenty-eight years. The other men who
+defended Germany and attacked the United
+States are serving terms&mdash;some long and
+some short. It is a proverb that the wicked
+flee when no man pursueth. But Dr. Parkhurst
+coined a striking sentence when he
+added: "The wicked man makes better
+time in fleeing when the righteous Secret
+Service man pursues him with a sharp stick."</p>
+
+
+<p class="hd4">Printed in the United States of America</p>
+
+
+<div class="trans1"><b>Transcriber's Note:</b><br />
+Minor typographical errors have been corrected without note.</div>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BLOT ON THE KAISER'S 'SCUTCHEON***</p>
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+The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Blot on the Kaiser's 'Scutcheon, by
+Newell Dwight Hillis
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: The Blot on the Kaiser's 'Scutcheon
+
+
+Author: Newell Dwight Hillis
+
+
+
+Release Date: October 1, 2007  [eBook #22821]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII)
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BLOT ON THE KAISER'S
+'SCUTCHEON***
+
+
+E-text prepared by Suzanne Shell, Stephen Blundell, and the Project
+Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+THE BLOT ON THE KAISER'S 'SCUTCHEON
+
+by
+
+NEWELL DWIGHT HILLIS
+
+
+        *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ Each 12mo, cloth, net, $1.20
+
+ STUDIES OF THE GREAT WAR
+ What Each Nation Has at Stake
+
+ LECTURES AND ORATIONS BY HENRY WARD BEECHER
+ Collected by Newell Dwight Hillis
+
+ THE MESSAGE OF DAVID SWING TO HIS GENERATION
+ Compiled, with Introductory Memorial Address
+ by Newell Dwight Hillis
+
+ ALL THE YEAR ROUND
+ Sermons for Church and Civic Celebrations
+
+ THE BATTLE OF PRINCIPLES
+ A Study of the Heroism and Eloquence of the
+ Anti-Slavery Conflict
+
+ THE CONTAGION OF CHARACTER
+ Studies in Culture and Success
+
+ THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC
+ Studies, National and Patriotic, upon the
+ America of To-day and To-morrow
+
+ GREAT BOOKS AS LIFE-TEACHERS
+ Studies of Character, Real and Ideal
+
+ THE INVESTMENT OF INFLUENCE
+ A Study of Social Sympathy and Service
+
+ A MAN'S VALUE TO SOCIETY
+ Studies in Self-Culture and Character
+
+        *       *       *       *       *
+
+ FAITH AND CHARACTER
+ 12mo, cloth, gilt top, net, 75 cents
+
+ FORETOKENS OF IMMORTALITY
+ 12mo, cloth, net, 60 cents
+
+ HOW THE INNER LIGHT FAILED
+ 18mo, boards, net, 25 cents
+
+ RIGHT LIVING AS A FINE ART
+ A Study of Channing's Symphony
+ 12mo, boards, net, 35 cents
+
+ THE MASTER OF THE SCIENCE OF RIGHT LIVING
+ 12mo, boards, net, 35 cents
+
+ ACROSS THE CONTINENT OF THE YEARS
+ 16mo, old English boards, net, 25 cents
+
+ THE SCHOOL IN THE HOME
+ Net, 60 cents
+
+
+        *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE BLOT ON THE KAISER'S 'SCUTCHEON
+
+by
+
+NEWELL DWIGHT HILLIS, D. D.
+Author of "German Atrocities," etc.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Decoration]
+
+
+New York         Chicago
+Fleming  H.  Revell  Company
+London   and   Edinburgh
+
+Copyright, 1918, by
+Fleming H. Revell Company
+
+
+_Uniform with this Volume_
+
+German Atrocities
+By NEWELL DWIGHT HILLIS
+Illus., Cloth, $1.00 net
+
+_A Million and a Half
+Extracts from this book
+have been issued by the
+Liberty Loan Committee!_
+
+
+New York: 158 Fifth Avenue
+Chicago: 17 North Wabash Ave.
+London: 21 Paternoster Square
+Edinburgh: 75 Princes Street
+
+
+
+
+Contents
+
+
+ I. THE ARCH-CRIMINAL                            11
+      1. The Kaiser's Hatred of the United
+         States.
+      2. The Kaiser's Character Revealed
+         in His Choosing the Sultan for His
+         friend.
+      3. Pershing's Charges versus the
+         Kaiser.
+      4. Who Taught the Kaiser That a
+         Treaty Is a Scrap of Paper?
+      5. The Plot of the Kaiser.
+
+ II. THE JUDAS AMONG NATIONS                     31
+      1. The Original Plot of the Members
+         of the Potsdam Gang.
+      2. The Berlin Schemers and Their
+         Plot.
+      3. German Superiority a Myth That
+         Has Exploded.
+      4. German Intrigues.
+      5. German Burglars Loaded with Loot
+         Are the More Easily Captured.
+      6. Germans Who Hide Behind the
+         Screen.
+      7. Must German Men Be Exterminated?
+
+ III. THE BLACK SOUL OF THE HUN                  60
+      1. German Barbarism Not Barbarism
+         to the German.
+      2. The German "Science of Lying."
+      3. The Malignity of the German Spies.
+      4. The Cancer in the Body-Politic of
+         Germany.
+      5. Polygamy and the Collapse of the
+         Family in Germany.
+      6. The Red-Hot Swords in Sister
+         Julie's Eyes.
+      7. The Hidden Dynamite: The
+         Hun's Destruction of Cathedrals.
+      8. The German Sniper Who Hid Behind
+         the Crucifix.
+      9. The Ruined Studio.
+     10. Was This Murder Justified?
+
+ IV. IN FRANCE THE IMMORTAL!                     98
+      1. The Glory of the French Soldier's
+         Heroism.
+      2. Why the Hun Cannot Defeat the
+         Frenchman.
+      3. "I Am Only His Wife."
+      4. A Soldier's Funeral in Paris.
+      5. The Old Book-Lover of Louvain.
+      6. A Vision of Judgment in Martyred
+         Gerbeviller.
+      7. The Return of the Refugees.
+      8. An American Knight in France.
+      9. An American Soldier's Grave in
+         France.
+     10. "These Flowers, Sir, I Will Lay
+         Them Upon My Son's Grave."
+     11. The Courage of Clemenceau.
+
+ V. OUR BRITISH ALLIES                          132
+      1. "Gott Strafe England"--"And
+         Scotland."
+      2. "England Must Not Starve."
+      3. German-Americans Who Vilify
+         England.
+      4. British vs. American Girls in
+         Munition Factories.
+      5. The Wolves' Den on Vimy Ridge.
+      6. "Why Did You Leave Us in
+         Hell for Two Years?"
+      7. "This War Will End Within
+         Forty Years."
+      8. "Why Are We Outmanned By
+         the Germans?"
+
+ VI. "OVER HERE"                                164
+      1. The Redemption of a Slacker.
+      2. Slackers versus Heroes.
+      3. German Stupidity in Avoiding the
+         Draft.
+      4. "I'm Working Now for Uncle
+         Sam."
+      5. The German Farmer's Debt to the
+         United States.
+      6. "Sharper Than a Serpent's Tooth"
+         Is an Ungrateful Immigrant.
+      7. In Praise of Our Secret Service.
+
+
+
+
+Publisher's Explanatory Note
+
+
+These brief articles are sparks struck as it were from the anvil of
+events. They were written on trains, in hotels, in the intervals between
+public addresses. During the past year beginning October 1, 1917, Dr.
+Hillis, in addition to his work in Plymouth Church, and as President of
+The Plymouth Institute, has visited no less than one hundred and
+sixty-two cities, and made some four hundred addresses on "The National
+Crisis," "How Germany Lost Her Soul," "The Philosophy of the German
+Atrocities," and "The Pan-German Empire Plot," the substance of these
+lectures and addresses being given in the book, "German Atrocities,"
+heretofore published. These articles are illustrative of and
+supplementary to the principles stated in that volume.
+
+While consenting to publication, the author was not afforded opportunity
+for full revision of this second volume, being again called over-seas
+just as this book was being put into type. This will account for the
+form in which the material appears.
+
+
+
+
+THE ARCH-CRIMINAL
+
+I
+
+
+1. The Kaiser's Hatred of the United States
+
+It is a proverb that things done in secret soon or late are published
+from the housetops.
+
+Certainly everything that was hidden as to the plots of the Potsdam gang
+is, little by little, now being revealed.
+
+Nothing illustrates this fact better than that volume published in
+Leipsic in 1907, called "Reminiscences of Ten Years in the German
+Embassy in Washington, D. C."
+
+When that aged diplomat published the story of his diplomatic career he
+doubtless thought that the volume prepared for his children and
+grandchildren and friends was forever buried in the German language. It
+never even occurred to the Councillor of the Ambassador, von Holleben,
+that the book would ever fall into the hands of any American. The very
+fact that an American author found the volume in a second-hand
+bookstore of Vienna in 1914 and translated the three chapters on the
+Kaiser's representatives in the United States and the organization of
+the German-American League, must have roused the Foreign Department in
+Berlin to the highest point of anger.
+
+Children and diplomats oftentimes unconsciously betray the most
+important secrets. No volume ever published could possibly have revealed
+matters of greater moment to Germany than this volume of reminiscences
+that sets forth the propaganda carried on in the United States by
+Ambassador von Holleben and his legal councillor for the furthering of
+the Pan-German Empire scheme.
+
+No scholar can doubt the right of this old diplomat to speak. The Kaiser
+personally vouched for him by giving him this important duty. The
+honours bestowed at the end of his long diplomatic career tell their own
+story. Every page breathes sincerity and truthfulness. No one who reads
+this volume can doubt that this author gave the exact facts--facts well
+known to his German friends--in the recollections of his diplomatic
+career.
+
+This diplomat tells us plainly that von Holleben and himself were sent
+to the United States specially charged with the task of reuniting
+Germans who were naturalized in America with the German Empire.
+
+It was their duty to organize secret German-American societies in every
+great city like New York and Brooklyn, Chicago and Milwaukee, Cincinnati
+and St. Louis, and to present to these societies a German flag sent from
+the hands of the Kaiser himself.
+
+Their work, says the author, was based upon the fact that the Kaiser had
+passed a law restoring full citizenship in Germany to those Germans who
+had become naturalized citizens of the United States. When, therefore,
+these members of the German-American League formally accepted their
+restored citizenship their first duty was to the Fatherland and the
+Kaiser and their second duty to the United States and its Government.
+Indeed, this lawyer and author actually goes so far as to give extracts
+from von Holleben's speech before the German-American League in Chicago
+when he presented the society with a German flag and swore the members
+to the old-time allegiance.
+
+He says that in some way the editor of the Chicago _Tribune_ found out
+about this meeting and wrote a very severe editorial, after which, he
+adds, that von Holleben and himself had to be more careful.
+
+Concerning the Milwaukee meeting, he refers to a conversation which
+revealed his judgment that if ever there was trouble between Germany and
+the United States the war would partake of the nature of a civil war.
+The author not only gives an account of the conference held at the
+Waldorf-Astoria between Ambassador von Holleben, Professors Munsterberg
+of Harvard and Schoenfield of Columbia and himself, on the one side, and
+Herman Ridder on the other, but he gives the instructions from Berlin
+that Herr Ridder could only keep his subsidy from the German Government
+for the New Yorker _Staats Zeitung_ by placing his fealty to Germany
+first and subordinating his Americanism, and that otherwise Ambassador
+von Holleben would found a rival German paper that would have back of it
+"unlimited resources, to wit: the total resources of the German Empire."
+
+Here, then, is proof positive that the Kaiser began his efforts to
+establish a pro-German movement against the United States for several
+years before 1906 and that he methodically kept it up until the war
+began.
+
+Through it all he claimed to be our sincere friend; but he was then, as
+he is to-day, an implacable and relentless enemy, with a heart laden
+with hatred and bitterness.
+
+
+2. The Kaiser's Character Revealed in His Choosing the Sultan for His
+Friend
+
+Nothing tests manhood like the choice of a bosom-friend. Criminals
+choose bad associates.
+
+Every Black Hand leader goes naturally towards the saloon, the gambling
+house and the dens where thieves congregate. Dickens made Fagin surround
+himself with pickpockets, burglars and murderers.
+
+History tells us that Christianity has always kept good company. Its
+friends have been architects, artists, poets and statesmen. Christianity
+repeats itself through its friends in the Gothic Cathedral shaped in the
+form of the cross, in the Transfiguration of Raphael, the Duomo of
+Giotto, the Paradise Lost of Milton, the In Memoriam of Tennyson, the
+Emancipation Proclamation of Lincoln. Christianity has never formed any
+close friendships with jails, gallows or slave ships. Men like Gladstone
+and Lincoln always kept good company; their friends have been scholars
+and heroes; but, in striking contrast, consider the friends selected by
+the Kaiser.
+
+To the Kaiser came a critical hour; at that moment he was at the parting
+of the ways. It became necessary for him to make a choice of friends.
+Like every man, his isolation was impossible and friendship became a
+necessity.
+
+The Kaiser had the whole world from which to choose. Yonder in London
+were King Edward and his son, the Prince of Wales. In France were
+certain statesmen and scientists like Curie. There was the old hero
+living in the capital of Japan and two ex-Presidents known the world
+around for their splendid manhood; and he could have made overtures of
+friendship to any one of these brave men; but in the silence of the
+night the Kaiser passed in review earth's great men, and finally
+selected for his close friend the lowest of the low--the butcher,
+unspeakable butcher--the Sultan of Turkey.
+
+At that time the Sultan had just completed the butchery of many
+Armenians. His garments were red with blood, his hands dripped with
+gore. His house was a harem; his hand held a dagger. The sea-wall behind
+his palace rose out of the blue waters of the Bosporus.
+
+When an American battle-ship was anchored there and a diver went down he
+pulled a rope and was brought up, shivering with terror, and saying that
+he found himself surrounded with corpses tied in sacks and held down by
+stones at the bottom of the sea.
+
+In that hour the Kaiser exclaimed: "Let the Sultan be my associate! I
+will go to Constantinople and sign a treaty with the unspeakable
+butcher."
+
+And so the Kaiser took his train, lived in the Sultan's palace, signed
+this treaty, and hired the Sultan's knife and club, just as the Chief
+Priest Annas chose Judas to be his representative upon whom he could
+load the responsibility for the murder of Jesus.
+
+Never was a friendship more damnable. Reared in a country that believed
+in the sanctity of the marriage relation and in monogamy, the Kaiser
+lined up with polygamy. The treaty that he made was thoroughgoing. He
+sent out word to all Mohammedans, whether they lived in India or Persia,
+in Arabia or Turkey, that they must remember that the Kaiser had entered
+into a treaty to become their protector and friend. Having become a
+Lutheran in Berlin, he became a Mohammedan in Constantinople on the
+principle that "When you are in Rome do as the Romans do, and when you
+are in hell act like the devil"--a simple principle which the Kaiser
+proceeded to obey as soon as he reached Constantinople.
+
+Every one knew that the Kaiser wanted to build a German railroad through
+to Bagdad and the Persian Gulf; this would give him an outlet for
+surplus goods to be sold in India. Serbia lay straight across the path,
+and he had to work out some scheme to attack Serbia. Then he needed the
+Sultan's friendship, and the end justified the means--and the end was
+the Bagdad Railroad.
+
+But the Turk tired of being the Kaiser's tool; he wanted more land; the
+Armenian was in his way; the Turk was lazy, shiftless and a spendthrift.
+The Armenian was industrious and hard-working. The Turk's method of
+living made him poor. The gifts of the Armenian tended towards wealth.
+Once in twenty years the Turk found himself a pauper and found the
+Armenian rich; the result was envy and covetousness on the part of the
+Sultan and his people. It became necessary to bribe the Turk to stand by
+the Kaiser and his Baghdad Railroad. The Kaiser's German officers,
+therefore, furnished the bribe.
+
+"Let us go to this Armenian village, or that, and kill the people. We
+German officers will take the large houses of the rich merchants and
+move into them, and your Turkish soldiers can kill the old men, use the
+Armenian girls for the harem, and fling the little children's bodies
+into pits dug in the garden behind the house. We will enter the village
+in the morning as soldiers; when the night comes, as Germans and Turks,
+we will be the only people living in the Armenian village, and we will
+move into their stores and take possession of their houses and their
+looms."
+
+"You cannot hang an entire nation," said Edmund Burke. "You must arrest
+the leaders and hang them." Burke was right as to the punishment of
+criminals, but he was wrong when it comes to murdering industrious and
+honest Armenians. You can murder an entire nation, for the Germans and
+the Turks have practically done it. Ambassador Morgenthau has just said
+that the Kaiser and the Sultan through their forces have murdered nearly
+a million Armenians. But, soon or late, remorse and conscience will take
+hold upon these two unspeakable butchers with hands that drip with
+blood--the butcher Kaiser, the butcher Sultan, that represent earth's
+two murderous twins.
+
+
+3. Pershing's Charges versus the Kaiser
+
+Nothing measures a man so accurately as the names he gives to his
+favourite son. Most significant, therefore, is the fact that the Kaiser
+named his second son Eitel, or Attila. Who was this Attila who has
+captured the imagination of the Kaiser? He was a Hun who devastated
+Italy fifteen hundred years ago. The motto of this black-hearted
+murderer Attila the Hun was: "Where my feet fall, let grass not grow for
+a hundred years." When the Kaiser read Attila's story he exclaimed:
+"That is the man for me!" First, he named his favourite son for Attila
+the Hun. Second, in sending his German soldiers out to China, and later
+in 1914 to Belgium, he gave them this charge: "You will take no
+prisoners; you will show no mercy; you will give no quarter; you will
+make yourselves as terrible as the Huns under Attila." Plainly the
+Kaiser knew his men. He knew that they were capable of outdoing even
+that monster Attila the Hun. So he sent them forth to bayonet babes,
+violate old women, murder old men, crucify officers, violate nuns, sink
+_Lusitanias_, and turn solemn treaties into scraps of paper.
+
+Now over against the Kaiser's charge, black as hell, and big with death,
+witness Pershing's charge, reported loosely by a French boy, with his
+imperfect knowledge of English, translated out of the French newspapers
+on July 18, 1917. Pershing's brief address comes to this:
+
+"Young soldiers of America, you are here in France to help expel an
+invading enemy; but you are also here to lift a shield above the poor
+and weak; you will safeguard all property; you will lift a shield above
+the aged and oppressed; you will be most courteous to women, gentle and
+kind to little children; guard against temptation of every kind; fear
+God, fight bravely, defend Liberty, honour your native land. God have
+you in His keeping." "Pershing."
+
+The difference between yonder lowest hell in its uttermost abyss and
+yonder highest heaven, where standeth the throne of a just God, is not
+greater than the chasm that separates that unspeakable butcher, the
+Kaiser, from General Pershing and the American soldier boys, who have
+never betrayed in France, the noblest ideals of service cherished by the
+people of the American Republic.
+
+
+4. Who Taught the Kaiser That a Treaty Is a Scrap of Paper?
+
+Each month of this war clears away some clouds and reveals Germany as
+wholly given over to crime and treachery. At the beginning of the
+invasion of Belgium, the Kaiser spoke of his treaty safeguarding the
+neutrality of that little land as a "scrap of paper." At the moment no
+one seems to have realized whence the Kaiser had that cynical
+expression. Now the whole damnable story has been made clear.
+Twenty-five years ago the Kaiser, in one of his addresses, used these
+words:
+
+"From my childhood I have been under the influence of five
+men--Alexander, Julius Caesar, Theodoric II, Napoleon and Frederick the
+Great. These five men dreamed their dream of a world empire; they
+failed. I am dreaming my dream of a world empire, but I shall succeed."
+
+Now why did the Kaiser over and over again proclaim his allegiance to
+Frederick the Great? How is it that he celebrates his ancestor,
+Frederick? This "scrap of paper" incident makes it all quite clear. The
+bitter waters gushing out of the Potsdam Palace go back to a bitter
+spring named Frederick the Great. The poisoned fruit that ripened in
+1914 hangs on a bough whose trunk was planted by Frederick in far-off
+days.
+
+Among many musty old German books recently published is a little book by
+that same Frederick. The Prussian king was writing certain notes for the
+guidance of his sons and successors, among whom is the present Kaiser.
+In his page of counsels Frederick talks very plainly about the breaking
+of treaties:
+
+"Consider a treaty as a scrap of paper under any one of the following
+emergencies: First, when necessity compels it. Second, when you lack
+means to continue the war. Third, when you cannot by any other means
+combat your ally or enemy."
+
+Then Frederick raises one question: "If the interests of your army or
+your people or yourself are at stake or you have to keep your word on
+one hand and your pledge word and treaty is on the other hand, which
+path will you take? Who can be stupid enough to hesitate in answering
+this question? In other words, treaties are to be kept when they promote
+your interest, and shamelessly broken when you gain thereby."
+
+The Kaiser, therefore, had from Frederick, his ancestor, this handbook
+on lying. In turn, the Kaiser gave this notion of the treaty as a scrap
+of paper to his Chancellor, Bethmann-Hollweg, who engraved, as has been
+said, "on eternal brass the infamy of Germany": "We are now in a state
+of necessity, and necessity knows no law. We were compelled to override
+the the just protest of Luxembourg and Belgian Governments. The wrong--I
+speak openly--that we are committing we will endeavour to make good as
+soon as our military goal has been reached. Anybody who is threatened,
+as we are threatened, and who is fighting for his highest possessions,
+can have only one thought, how he is to hack his way through."
+
+Guizot mentions "honour and fidelity to the pledged word" as one of the
+distinguishing elements of what is called "a civilized State." But this
+puts Germany among the barbarous savages. Three indictments and
+convictions have blackened the name of Germany throughout all the world.
+First, her atrocious and dishonourable methods of warfare; second, the
+carrying off into slavery of non-combatants, the Belgians and French,
+and third, the breach of the pledged word and the solemn treaties with
+other nations.
+
+But at last we know that Frederick the Great, the ancestor of the
+Kaiser, was the author of the phrase, "the treaty is a scrap of paper."
+What was once in the gristle in the ancestor is now bred in the bone of
+the Kaiser and Crown Prince. That phrase, "a scrap of paper," holds the
+germ of a thousand wars. It spells the ruin of civilization. Not to
+resent it by war, is for the Allies to commit spiritual suicide.
+
+
+5. The Plot of the Kaiser
+
+All the pamphlets issued secretly to the members of the Pan-German
+League invariably used Rome as their illustration. We are not surprised,
+therefore, to find that the German leaders called attention to the fact
+that it took two wars at intervals of some years to make Rome a world
+empire.
+
+In like manner, therefore, the Kaiser and his Cabinet told the German
+people at home and abroad that the first war, beginning in 1914, would
+establish a Middle-Europe Empire extending from Hamburg on the North Sea
+to Bagdad on the Persian Gulf.
+
+One of the pamphlets issued many years ago fixed the countries to be
+conquered about 1915, and distinctly mentioned Denmark, Holland, Belgium
+and North France, Poland and Rumania, Hungary and Austria, Serbia and
+Bulgaria, and the wheat granaries of Russia, with Turkey and Armenia.
+
+The number of people to be conquered and included after the first war
+was fixed at 250,000,000.
+
+The argument states that it will take but a few years to compact this
+Middle-Europe Empire and that naturally Great Britain, Spain and Italy,
+to the west, with Norway and Sweden to the north, with Italy and
+Switzerland to the south, and of course Greece and Egypt would, from
+time to time, as crises came, fall inevitably into Germany's hand.
+Berlin, as the world capital, should by 1920 be the magnet, and the
+little particles of iron, named the Balkan States, would be drawn and
+held by this great German magnet in Berlin.
+
+The first step to be taken and the first goal to be reached concerned,
+of course, the English Channel, the Dutch cities on the mouth of the
+Rhine, and the iron mines of Northern France. We know to an absolute
+certainty all the details of this plan.
+
+For more than thirty years Germany had been organizing her army; she
+knew every road, inn, bridge, factory, shop, and wholesale store in
+Denmark and Holland, Belgium and France. In all of the larger ones she
+had German agents belonging to the Pan-German League toiling as workmen
+and every detail was planned out in advance.
+
+In 1910 General von Bissing, one of the Kaiser's closest friends, was
+sent to Brussels. For years he spent the summer months apparently at
+the watering places near The Hague in Holland and Ostend in Belgium,
+preparatory to the hour when Germany would seize Belgium and he assume
+his position as Governor-General, living in Brussels.
+
+Men nearing death tell the truth. In January of 1917 von Bissing
+prepared a memorandum for the direction of Belgian affairs in His
+Majesty's name and according to his wish. This document contains the
+meditations of a dying man. The statements he makes, he says, contain
+the views that inspired his every act in Belgium during his
+administration.
+
+In his last will and testament von Bissing, in the spring of 1917,
+advises the German Government in Berlin that the time has come to throw
+off all disguises. He says that at the beginning of the war it was
+probably good policy to deny that the Government ever intended to annex
+Belgium, but, he says, "now that we are victorious there is no reason
+why we should not publish to the world the fact that we never intend to
+give up one foot of the Belgian sea-coast, nor one ton of the Belgian
+coal, nor one acre of the French iron mines."
+
+He says plainly: "The annual Belgian production of 23,000,000 tons of
+coal has given us a monopoly on the continent which has helped to
+maintain our vitality. If we do not hold Belgium, administer Belgium in
+future for our interest and protect Belgium by force of arms, our trade
+and industry will lose the positions they have won in Belgium and
+perhaps will never recover them."
+
+And what about Dutch cities and seaports? On page eighteen of General
+von Bissing's last will and testament he adds:
+
+"Our frontier, in the interest of our sea power, must be pushed forward
+to the sea." This sentence makes it perfectly plain that a little later
+Germany intends to incorporate Rotterdam in her own customs union.
+"Belgium must be seized and held, as it now is, and as it is to-day it
+must be in the future. The conquest of Belgium has simply been forced
+upon us by the necessities of German expansion."
+
+Von Bissing, however, recognizes the difficulty of annexing Belgium and
+securing the consent of the members who shall arrange the treaty of
+peace at the conclusion of the war, and this is his decision:
+
+"Our best method, therefore, is to avoid, during the peace negotiations,
+all discussion about the form of the annexation and to apply nothing
+but the right of conquest. Plainly Belgium's King can never consent to
+abandon his sovereignty, but we can read in Machiavelli that he who
+desires to take possession of a country will be compelled to remove the
+King or regent, even by killing him."
+
+Von Bissing has torn off all masks. He himself states that he is
+speaking for the Kaiser, as his most trusted friend and counsellor.
+Germany intends, therefore, ultimately to kill King Albert of Belgium,
+and this carries with it that the Kaiser and his War Staff believe they
+have the right to kill any King or President who happens to stand in the
+pathway of their ambition. Every lover of mankind whose heart is knitted
+in with the poor and the weak will understand what that editor meant the
+other day when he said:
+
+"The one duty of the hour, therefore, for America, is to kill Germans,
+that we may keep the rest of the world from being killed."
+
+
+
+
+THE JUDAS AMONG NATIONS
+
+II
+
+
+1. The Original Plot of the Members of the Potsdam Gang
+
+Many historic meetings, big with social disaster, are recorded in
+history. Witness the meeting of the Athenian judges for the killing of
+Socrates. Witness the coming together of the priests and Judas for the
+piteous tragedy of the death of Jesus. Witness that midnight meeting of
+the conspirators in Florence for the burning of Savonarola. Terrible
+also the results of that meeting in the Potsdam Palace in 1896 that
+culminated in the Pan-German Empire scheme.
+
+What began as a spark that day has ended in a world conflagration.
+
+In retrospect the Kaiser and his associates had many events behind them
+to encourage the ambition to make Berlin a world capital, Kaiser Wilhelm
+the world emperor and all the other nations and races subject peoples.
+
+Beginning in 1860 with thirty-five millions of people and only fifteen
+billions of dollars, Germany had climbed to greatness upon iron steps,
+heated hot by war. Never did wars yield so large a return.
+
+The war with Denmark had given Germany the Kiel Harbour, the Kiel Canal
+and a sea-coast for her ships.
+
+The war with Austria had given Germany the rich coal provinces of
+Central Europe. The war with France had given Germany the iron mines of
+Alsace and Lorraine.
+
+And here for the next war were Denmark and Holland, Belgium and northern
+France--so many jewel boxes that could be looted. To the eastward were
+Poland with her coal mines, Rumania with her oil fields and Russia with
+her wheat granaries. And once Central Europe became a Middle-Europe
+German Empire there was no reason why later on Germany should not extend
+her conquests to Russia on the east and England on the west, and then to
+North and South America.
+
+It was a great scheme. Never was prize so rich. Never could obstacles be
+so easily swept away. To make Berlin a world-capital and Kaiser Wilhelm
+a world-emperor only two things were needed.
+
+Plainly the first thing to be done was to organize the Pan-German Empire
+League and educate the leading men of Germany--the ship owners, bankers,
+merchants and manufacturers, editors, ministers, priests and university
+professors.
+
+Local branch societies were organized in all the large German towns and
+cities. Weekly meetings were held, papers read and reports made. Slowly
+people of the middle class were included in the league. Documents marked
+"Secret and Confidential" were distributed, setting forth the details of
+the scheme.
+
+Full reports were made as to what Germany could make by seizing the
+fields of Denmark, the cities on the mouth of the Rhine in Belgium, the
+coal and iron mines of France, Poland and Russia, and also the
+undeveloped resources of the Valley of the Euphrates.
+
+Careful statements were prepared as to the difficulties that must be
+surmounted, but always this lure was held out--that the poorest German
+who then had nothing, would when Germany was victorious become a
+landowner, live in a mansion and drive his own automobile. Then he would
+have Russians and Frenchmen to wait upon him, since the German was a
+superman, intended for a patrician, while all other races were pigs,
+intended by nature to be bondsmen and plebeians.
+
+"The rest of the world is amassing wealth, and when the fruit is ripe
+then we Germans will pluck it"--this was their motto.
+
+Little by little the germ of world-ambition became a fever, burning in
+the soul of every German at home or abroad. It took twenty years to
+thoroughly inculcate every individual of the German race with this
+feverish ambition, but when 1914 came every German had gone over to the
+Pan-German scheme and was ready to die for it.
+
+
+2. The Berlin Schemers and Their Plot
+
+After all the Germans at home and abroad understood the Pan-German
+scheme of seditious intrigue in foreign countries and the vast web was
+spun and thrown out over all the cities and continents where the
+Kaiser's representatives were living, the second thing to be done was to
+make the plan clear by spreading it out like a great map. The method
+used, therefore, was pictorial.
+
+The Department of Publicity in Berlin became experts on geography. They
+began to issue illustrated maps so that the rudest German peasants and
+the German colonists living in Milwaukee or El Paso, in Rio Janeiro or
+Buenos Aires, in Brussels or St. Petersburg, in Melbourne or Calcutta,
+could easily understand the method and the goal.
+
+Out of twenty maps issued in Berlin and reproduced by Andre Cheredame,
+no one is more important than the one marked "The Old Roman Empire." The
+simplest German miner understood the map at a glance and realized its
+meaning for the members of the Pan-German League. Here is old Rome
+marked world capital. Here is Caesar Augustus called the first world
+emperor. Here is Carthage with its capital looted and Roman peasants
+remaining after the victory to move into rich men's houses and estates
+of North Africa. And here also were the maps of conquered Palestine,
+Ephesus, Athens and Corinth. To be sure the old Romans had to become
+soldiers, but, later, did not each Roman soldier live in the rich
+gardens around Thebes, Ephesus and Corinth?
+
+Instantly the imaginations of the German peasants and workmen kindled.
+The Kaiser was right. What had been in Rome must be in Berlin. The Elbe
+must succeed the Tiber. Berlin shall be the second world-capital. Our
+Wilhelm shall be the second world-emperor. Germania shall be written
+straight across Europe from Hamburg on the North Sea to Bagdad on the
+Persian Gulf. Germans alone shall be allowed to carry weapons, as once
+only the Roman was allowed to own a spear; only Germans shall be allowed
+to hold title deeds to lands, even as once only Romans could hold a
+field or a house in fee simple. Old Rome won by becoming a military
+State.
+
+Did not the people of Rome go forth as soldiers and return with
+triumphal processions, with treasures of loot that took days to pass
+along the Appian Way, while the Romans stood cheering and the women and
+children sang and threw flowers in the path? Why should not the German
+army, between the reaping of the wheat in July and the threshing of the
+wheat in October, return from Brussels and Paris laden with treasure,
+while a second triumphal procession marched down Wilhelmstrasse?
+
+The German peasants kindled at this dream. Why should the German have
+to live always on bologna sausage, drink beer, eat sauerkraut and live
+in ugly houses when the people of Paris and London drank champagne, ate
+roast fowl, wore French laces and the finest English wools? It was a
+wicked shame. Surely the German was intended for something better than
+sauerkraut and beer!
+
+"Two weeks and we will be in Brussels. Three weeks and we will have
+Paris. Two months and we will loot London."
+
+This was the plan. How significant that letter, taken from the dead body
+of a German boy found in No Man's Land, near Compiegne.
+
+"Within three days, Liebschen, we will be in Paris. I intend to bring
+you a pocketful of Paris rings and jewels, with Paris gowns and laces."
+
+From the body of a German boy found near Luneville was taken this letter
+saying that, with his three companions, he had picked out four French
+farms and left the houses standing, and that his friends and himself had
+picked out these farms as permanent homes. Later he added that Heinrich
+thought it would be much better for them to wait until they smashed
+England and made Canada a German colony. Then they could own, not small
+French farms, but vast Canadian farms with a hundred tenants working for
+him in the valleys around Toronto and the vineyards of Winnipeg and
+orchards of Hudson Bay.
+
+Most shrewd and cunning, the plotters of the Potsdam gang. They knew how
+to feed the fires of envy and avarice in the German people. Every few
+weeks they placed new material in the hands of every German at home and
+abroad. They reminded each poor peasant and foreign colonist that he was
+a superman, and that by day and by night he was to prepare for the time
+when he would become the head of all the people of the town or industry
+with which he was related. Poor Germans in foreign countries dreamed
+their dreams of the time when they would be appointed by the Kaiser and
+Foreign Minister to take charge of the village in Mexico, the mine in
+Chile, or when they would be the tax collector in some distant province.
+
+We know now, from letters that have been found, that the German soldiers
+in France carried in their pockets a description by the German historian
+Curtius of the triumphal procession along the Appian Way, when the
+Roman conquerors came home loaded with loot. These skillful German
+plotters printed at the bottom of Curtius's description the statement
+that each German soldier must look forward to a similar return from
+London, Paris and Brussels to march through the streets of Munich and
+Berlin.
+
+What a dream was this German dream! What treasures were to be brought
+into Berlin! What marbles and bronzes of Rodin stolen from Paris! At
+last Berlin was to own beautiful paintings, for the treasures of the
+Louvre were to be the Kaiser's.
+
+Never was there such a dream dreamed by peasants who soon were to become
+princes and kings and patricians. The German had exchanged the rye bread
+of 1913 for the "fog bank" of 1918; had given up German beer to grasp
+only empty, breaking bubbles. But it was a great dream while it lasted.
+In pursuance of his hope he sacrificed three million German boys, left
+dead in the fields of Flanders and France. He sent home four million
+German cripples. He filled the land with vast armies of widows and
+orphans.
+
+It could not have been otherwise. There has never been, and never will
+be, but one world city--Rome; and there has never been but one
+world-emperor--Caesar Augustus. There is to be one universal kingdom--and
+that is the kingdom of God, the kingdom of love, justice, peace and
+good-will. The German has been pursuing a will-o'-the-wisp.
+
+A world-kingdom will come, but no Kaiser will rule over that empire of
+love. In that world-parliament all the races shall be represented as
+equals; then the earth that has long been a battle-field shall become an
+Eden garden, where all are patriots towards the world-kingdom, and
+scholars towards the intellect, and self-sufficing towards the family,
+and obedient towards their God.
+
+
+3. German Superiority a Myth That Has Exploded
+
+Several years before the great war began a Dutch humorist wrote a play
+on German megalomania. He portrayed a German schoolroom in Prussia.
+Thirty or forty embryonic Prussians are at the desks and a Prussian
+schoolmaster is in the chair.
+
+"Children, what is the greatest country in the world?"
+
+All shouted vociferously, "Germany!"
+
+"What is the greatest city in the world?"
+
+"Berlin!"
+
+"Who is the greatest man in the world?"
+
+"The Kaiser!"
+
+"Should there ever be, children, a vacancy in the Trinity, who is best
+fitted to fill the position?"
+
+"The Crown Prince!"
+
+"Who are the chosen people of the good old German God?"
+
+"The German people!"
+
+Never was there a finer bit of sarcasm and yet the Germans were never
+able to understand the play. The Kaiser, the War Staff, the Cabinet,
+down to the last wretched creature working in the stables and the
+sewers, reading the play, exclaimed:
+
+"What is the man driving at? Why, of course the Germans are the greatest
+people in the world--we admit it!"
+
+Now, during the last few years the Germans have spent untold millions in
+propagating this myth of superiority, and yet the German intellect has
+never even had a second-rate position. Call the roll of all the tools
+that have redeemed men from drudgery and you will find that Germany's
+contributions are hopelessly inferior to the other nations.
+
+The new industrial era began with the locomotive and steamship; James
+Watt invented the one and Stevenson the other.
+
+The new era of physical comfort began with the loom; a Frenchman named
+Jacquard and an Englishman named Arkwright made men warm for their work
+in winter. Garments within the reach of the poor man in forest and
+factory, field and mine, means the cotton gin, and that gin is the gift
+of an American. The sewing machine changed woman's position, but the
+world owes that to our own Elias Howe.
+
+We owe the telegraph to an English inventor and, in part, to Morse. We
+owe the cable in part to Lord Kelvin and, in part, to Cyrus Field. We
+owe the telephone to Bell and the wireless to Marconi.
+
+Holland invented the submarine, Wright the airplane, McCormick the
+reaper and Edison the phonograph.
+
+An American invented the German submarine; an American invented the
+German torpedo; an American invented the German machine-gun; an American
+invented the Murphy button, the yellow fever antitoxin, the Dakin
+solution.
+
+An English physician discovered the circulation of the blood, Jenner
+gave us vaccination, Lister antiseptics, France the Pasteur serums and
+the Curie radio discoveries, while a Bulgarian, Dr. Metchnikoff,
+discovered the enemies of the blood.
+
+It was from France, England and the United States that Germany stole the
+typewriter, the steel building, the use of rubber, the aniline dyes,
+reenforced concrete bridges, air-brakes, the use of electricity.
+
+One of the most amazing volumes in the world is the "History of Tools
+and Machinery." We have all known for a long time that there is not one
+single German name among the eight great masters of painting that begins
+with Rembrandt and includes men like Velasquez and Giotto. We have long
+known that there is no German sculptor of the first class nor a German
+sculptor that is within ten thousand leagues of Rodin, Michael Angelo or
+Phidias. We have long known that Schubert and Schumann and Rubinstein
+and Haydn and Chopin were all Jews, and that three-fourths of the other
+so-called German musicians were Jews whose ancestors suffered such
+frightful political disabilities in Germany and were so regularly looted
+of all their property that they gave up their Hebrew names and took
+German, just as now thousands upon thousands of Germans in this
+country, ashamed of their names, are Americanizing their family title.
+
+The simple fact is that if a Jew will only write the creative music,
+like that of Beethoven, a German whose gift is detail will conduct the
+orchestra.
+
+The German can standardize a machine, providing an Englishman, a
+Frenchman or an American will first invent it. The German will gather up
+the remnants and scraps and odds and ends in a clothing factory--but,
+oh, think of an American gentleman having to wear the coat that was cut
+by a tailor in Berlin or Munich! Having during ten different summers
+looked at their garments, all one can say is that the German men and
+women are covered up but not clothed.
+
+For thirty years the Germans have paid their representatives to stand on
+the corner of the street and bawl out to every passer-by: "Great is the
+Kaiser! Great are we Germans! Let all people with cymbals, sackbut,
+shawms and psaltery cry aloud, saying 'Great is the Kaiser and all his
+people!'"
+
+And now suddenly the myth has burst like a bubble. The delusion is
+exploded. The Kaiser has found out that it is dangerous to blow too
+much hot air into a German bladder.
+
+Measured around the stomach in the Hofbraus in the presence of a barrel
+of beer, the Prussian and the Bavarian are great; but the hat band
+requires the least material of any made in four countries.
+
+For the time has come to confess this simple fact that for any one great
+tool, or art, or contribution to science created by a German there are
+four invented by either an American, an Englishman or a Frenchman.
+
+
+4. German Intrigues
+
+The spider's web stretched out over a flower bed with a great fat spider
+at the centre and the threads along which the spider runs to thrust its
+poisoned sting into the enmeshed butterfly is nature's most accurate
+symbol of the vast web of espionage lying over North and South America
+with secret threads that vibrated to the touch of the spider at the
+centre named Berlin.
+
+In that web thousands of German-Americans were enmeshed. The records of
+our Secret Service concerning these German enemies of the American
+Government read like a book of assassinations or like a history of the
+black arts. When the whole story comes to be told it will horrify the
+world.
+
+The quality of the German-Americans that Berlin bribed is set forth in
+the reminiscences of Witte when he says that the Kaiser and the Foreign
+Department paid Munsterberg of Harvard University $5,000 a year salary
+and that Munsterberg was the most successful and efficient spy that the
+German system had ever developed.
+
+In the long list of German agents are to be found the names of
+German-American bankers who received secret decorations and medals from
+the German Government; of German merchants who were partners in this
+country of firms in the Fatherland and were bribed by a ribbon and an
+invitation to the Potsdam Palace; of German newspaper men who were under
+German pay, and, most amazing of all, among the papers seized in the
+office of a German Consul was found a commission appointing this Consul
+in an American city to the office of Governor-General of one of the
+greatest States of Canada as soon as Canada became a German colony.
+
+Many of the threads from Berlin ran into the various cities of Mexico. A
+German head office was set up under the general direction of Zimmermann
+in Berlin and of von Bernstorff in Washington. Certain large
+institutions that did business in Mexico, working in the same field,
+were quietly elbowed out of Mexico, and an American company, ostensibly
+American, but controlled by Germans, took over the business of the other
+firms under special arrangement with Mexico. Pledges were given Mexico
+that as soon as Germany had reduced Canada and the United States to the
+position of German colonies, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada and
+California should be handed back to the Mexicans.
+
+Millions were spent by the German Foreign Office as ordinary men spend
+dollars. The German spies, like Boy-Ed and von Papen, arranged to blow
+up American munition factories and held dinners waiting for a telephone
+message saying that the magazine had just exploded or the depot had
+taken fire or a scow had been sunk, after which they drank the health of
+the man who lighted the match.
+
+German agents burned up wheat elevators with hundreds of millions of
+dollars' worth of wheat; they fired warehouses, blew up bridges, wrecked
+munition plants, destroyed shiploads of food, dynamited the House of
+Parliament in Ottawa, sank the _Lusitania_ near Ireland, spread glanders
+among the horses in Sweden, poisoned the food in Rumania, sank the ships
+of Norway, plotted against the Argentine Republic. Their spies,
+dynamiters, secret agents, were in every capital and country because it
+was their purpose to make Berlin a world capital, Kaiser Wilhelm the
+world emperor and to Germanize the people of the whole earth.
+
+The web had as its centre the Potsdam Palace, but its black lines ran
+out into all the earth.
+
+
+5. German Burglars Loaded With Loot Are the More Easily Captured
+
+It seems that Germany has published, for the Spaniards, a list of
+treasures she has won. In the long calendar the reader finds that eight
+States--Belgium, France, Poland, Rumania, Russia, Serbia, Armenia,
+Italy--have all been looted.
+
+The Germans claim they have spoiled over three hundred first class
+cities, several thousand secondary cities and towns; they add that they
+have destroyed seventy-three cathedrals and looted them of their
+priceless treasures of statues, paintings, stained glass, vessels of
+silver and gold.
+
+With brazen audacity the German pamphlet tells the Spaniards that they
+have seized so many hundred thousand watches, so many hundred thousand
+rings, so much treasure of diamonds and jewels, so many paintings from
+rich men's houses, and the long boast ends with the statement that they
+"obtained nearly five billions of loot out of western Russia and have
+assessed two billions more upon the farmers, villages and cities of
+Ukraine."
+
+But the boast is an idle and empty boast. It is true that no army of the
+Allies has crossed the German frontier to permanently hold a city. But
+let no man think that Germany has succeeded because of the richness of
+her loot. There is a success that is failure. There is a victory that is
+defeat.
+
+Macbeth killed Duncan and went to live in the palace of the dead king,
+but did Macbeth succeed? Was not his palace a brief halting place in his
+journey towards remorse, insanity and the day when Duncan's friends in
+turn slew Macbeth?
+
+The rich judges of Athens succeeded and Socrates failed. They went home
+to drink wine and feast, while Socrates went to the jail to drink a cup
+of poison. But who succeeded? The judges whose names are written low
+down and bespattered with dirt--or Socrates, whose name fills the sky
+and who has become the thinker for the world?
+
+What if the Kaiser does boast of his successes to-day? So boasted
+Nero--sending Paul to his rags, crusts and the dungeon preparatory to
+the headman's axe. But it is Nero that lost out, and it is Paul who
+reigns a crowned king.
+
+The chief priests celebrated their victory; at the close of the day,
+after they had succeeded in crucifying Jesus; but after nineteen
+centuries the murderers are unknown and almost forgotten, while that
+young carpenter rules over His Empire of Love.
+
+To-day the Kaiser claims to have won the victory of "a superman." In
+that he has carried murder, arson, lying, rapine, lust up to the _nth_
+power, let us concede his claim. Not otherwise two hundred years ago
+the Indian, with his scalping knife, his war-whoop and his tomahawk,
+was "a superman" in terms of savagery. Not otherwise the Spaniards under
+Bloody Alva were "supermen" in terms of rack, thumbscrew and instruments
+of torture.
+
+But what savages once did in the little, the Kaiser and his men now do
+in the large. But because the Kaiser can publish a long list of wealth
+gained--by breaking his treaties, by murder, arson and lust--let no man
+think that he is successful.
+
+The two Biddle brothers looted the Bank of England, but they became
+outcasts upon the face of the earth, and always the dungeon yawned for
+them, just as the Kaiser and von Hindenburg never sleep at night without
+a vision of an oak tree, a long bough and a hemp rope dangling at the
+end, for the hemp is now twisted that will one day choke to death the
+murderous Kaiser and his War Staff.
+
+Let no patriot, whether he lives in Spain, Russia or the United States,
+forget that ours is a world ruled by men who were defeated.
+
+To-day on the thrones of the world are the heroes, like Paul and
+Demosthenes; the martyrs who were burned with Savonarola in Florence or
+poisoned with Socrates in Athens.
+
+To-day, the soldiers of Marathon and Marston Moor, Gettysburg and the
+Marne now rule the world.
+
+The treasure of the burglar and the brigand dissolves like snowflakes in
+a river.
+
+Long ago the Hebrew poet said: "I have seen the wicked flourish like a
+green bay tree, and then I lifted up my eyes, and, behold! he was not."
+And when a little time has passed all lovers of liberty and humanity
+will exclaim: "During four years I have seen the Kaiser and von
+Hindenburg flourish as the green bay tree, and I lifted up mine eyes,
+and, behold! they were not. For the breath of His nostrils had slain
+them."
+
+
+6. Germans Who Hide Behind the Screen
+
+Two thousand years are a long time in terms of history.
+
+Many damnable tools have been invented during these twenty centuries.
+The rack, the thumbscrew, the tomahawk, the fagot belong among these
+devilish instruments.
+
+Cruelties so terrible have been devised that old scholars often felt
+unwilling to believe that men were so low in the scale as to have been
+the authors of these methods of fiendishness.
+
+In the hope, therefore, of keeping respect for man many scholars
+transferred all responsibility unto devils. They called in Satan and
+made him to be the father of hate and cruelty. They could not believe
+that Nero, Judas or Torquemada could conceive such wickedness. They
+therefore made the devil with his cloven feet and his long tail to
+whisper these cunning suggestions in the ear of the traitor. Thus the
+responsibility for unwonted cruelty was divided between the murderer and
+the devil who counselled the black crime.
+
+Perhaps the most damnable thing that was ever suggested by the devil in
+two thousand years is this little object called the German soldier's
+token. Never did an object so small send forth cruelties so large and
+manifold.
+
+The little disc is stamped out on thick paper for German privates and
+upon aluminum for the officers. At the top of this cardboard is the
+portrait of that awful being called by the Kaiser "our good old German
+God."
+
+Look at his white hair, the long beard and the great sword in the right
+hand, with the suggestion that since God uses the sword the German
+soldier must cut men to pieces also.
+
+Beneath you see flames gushing up, suggesting to the German soldier that
+he is quite right in burning the houses of France and Belgium after he
+has looted them, and for flinging the dead bodies into the blazing
+rafters. Now read the words written beneath the face of the being the
+Germans call God.
+
+"Strike them all dead. The Day of Judgment shall ask you no questions."
+
+Strike dead old men and women! Dash the children's brains out against
+the stone wall! Violate young girls! Mutilate their fair bodies so that
+they will be unseemly when they are found by the husband or father.
+Burn, steal, kill--but remember that your Kaiser and the War Staff have
+promised to stand between you and God Almighty and the Day of Judgment!
+Even if Jesus did say, "Woe unto them that offend against my little
+ones," you must remember that your Kaiser and officers have promised you
+immunity on the Day of Judgment.
+
+That is what is meant by the sentence on page thirty-one in the German
+handbook of "War on Land": "That which is permissible to the German
+soldier is anything whatsoever that will help him gain his goal
+quickly."
+
+Nothing better illustrates the total collapse of manhood in the Germans
+than this soldier's token.
+
+A coward by nature, the German is afraid to kill and steal, and so he
+invented a screen behind which he could hide and named it "the soldier's
+token."
+
+Going into a French village the Germans collect the women and children,
+order them to march in advance, shoot a few to terrorize the rest, and
+then, hiding behind this living screen, the Germans march forward. In
+this way they protect themselves.
+
+The whole history of the human race contains no chapter of atrocity like
+the atrocity of the Germans. The history of the world contains no story
+of cowardice so black and damnable as the cowardice of the Germans. Out
+of cowardice the soldier's token was born.
+
+And so the Kaiser and the War Staff invented this round piece of
+cardboard, with the representation of God as going forth with His sword
+to kill men and with His flames to burn them and with the motto: "Strike
+them all dead, for the Day of Judgment will ask you no questions."
+
+Therefore among the instruments of cruelty, called the rack, the fagot,
+the thumbscrew and the tomahawk, let us give the first place to the
+German soldier's token, the most damnable weapon that has come out of
+hell during the last two thousand years.
+
+
+7. Must German Men Be Exterminated?
+
+A singular revulsion of sentiment as to what must be done with the
+German army after the war, is now sweeping over the civilized world. Men
+who once were pacifists, men of chivalry and kindness, men whose life
+has been devoted to philanthropy and reform, scholars and statesmen,
+whose very atmosphere is compassion and magnanimity towards the poor and
+weak, are now uttering sentiments that four years ago would have been
+astounding beyond compare. These men feel that there is no longer any
+room in the world for the German. Society has organized itself against
+the rattlesnake and the yellow fever. Shepherds have entered into a
+conspiracy to exterminate the wolves. The Boards of Health are planning
+to wipe out typhoid, cholera and the Black Plague. Not otherwise, lovers
+of their fellow man have finally become perfectly hopeless with
+reference to the German people. They have no more relations to the
+civilization of 1918 than an orang-outang, a gorilla, a Judas, a hyena,
+a thumbscrew, a scalping knife in the hands of a savage. These brutes
+must be cast out of society.
+
+Some of us, hoping against hope, after the reluctant confession of the
+truth of the German atrocities, have appealed to education. We knew that
+Tacitus said, nearly two thousand years ago, that "the German treats
+women with cruelty, tortures his enemies, and associates kindness with
+weakness." But nineteen centuries of education have not changed the
+German one whit. The mere catalogue of the crimes committed by German
+officers and soldiers and set forth in more than twenty volumes of
+proofs destroys the last vestige of hope for their future. Think of the
+catalogue! Babies nailed like rats to the doors of houses! Children
+skewered on a bayonet midst the cheers of marching Germans--as if the
+child were a quail, skewered on a fork! Matrons, old men and priests
+slaughtered; young Italian officers with throats cut and hanging on
+hooks in butchers' shops; the bombing of Red Cross hospitals and nurses
+and the white flag; everything achieved by civilized man defiled and
+destroyed--reverence for childhood and age, the sanctity of womanhood,
+the standards of honour, fidelity to treaties and all destroyed, not in
+a mood of drunkenness or a fit of rage, but on a deliberate, cold,
+calculated policy of German frightfulness.
+
+The sense of hopelessness as to civilizing the German and keeping him as
+an element in the new society grew out of the breakdown of education and
+science in changing the German of the time of Tacitus. Plainly the time
+has come to make full confession of the fact that education can change
+the size but not the sort. The German in the time of Tacitus was
+ignorant when he took the children of his enemy and dashed their brains
+out against the wall; the German of 1914 and 1918 still butchers
+children, the only difference being that the butchery is now more
+efficient and better calculated, through scientific cruelty, to stir
+horror and spread frightfulness. The leopard has not changed its spots.
+The rattlesnake is larger and has more poison in the sac; the German
+wolf has increased in size, and where once he tore the throat of two
+sheep, now he can rend ten lambs in half the time. In utter despair,
+therefore, statesmen, generals, diplomats, editors are now talking about
+the duty of simply exterminating the German people. There will shortly
+be held a meeting of surgeons in this country. A copy of the preliminary
+call lies before me. The plan to be discussed is based upon the Indiana
+State law. That law authorizes a State Board of Surgeons to use upon the
+person of confirmed criminals and hopeless idiots the new painless
+method of sterilizing the men. These surgeons are preparing to advocate
+the calling of a world conference to consider the sterilization of the
+ten million German soldiers, and the segregation of their women, that
+when this generation of German goes, civilized cities, states and races
+may be rid of this awful cancer that must be cut clean out of the body
+of society.
+
+
+
+
+THE BLACK SOUL OF THE HUN
+
+III
+
+
+1. German Barbarism Not Barbarism to the German
+
+Strictly speaking, the only man who thoroughly understands the cruelty
+of the Germans is the German himself. No American or Englishman, no
+Belgian or Frenchman has the gift of telepathy that enables him to know
+what is going on in the German mind that guides the German's hand in
+committing his horrible atrocities. Now and then, in a moment when he is
+off guard, an occasional German reveals the explanation, and we look in,
+just as John Bunyan's pilgrim saw the door into Hades opened by a little
+crack, through which he looked upon the flames. Not otherwise was it
+with that German in Baltimore, who recently exposed the German mind, and
+from the German view-point explained the Germans in their hour of
+brutality.
+
+During a most intimate and personal conversation with a banker, this
+German, the other day, explained his people's atrocities by saying that
+what is barbarism and atrocities to England, France or the United States
+is not barbarism at all to the Germans. In proof of this astounding
+statement the German gave this personal incident of his boyhood. He said
+that in his gymnasium there was another boy who had something that he
+wanted. When the opportunity came, being the stronger, he jumped upon
+the other boy, beat him up terribly and made him a cripple for life. On
+reaching his home he showed his parents what he had stolen, and he was
+patted on the back, praised for his might with his fists, and told that
+that was the method he was to follow in after life.
+
+He insisted that this sort of thing was drilled into every German boy,
+and for that reason it never once even occurred to him that he had done
+wrong. "After I became a man I settled in America, and as I came to
+understand the spirit of American civilization it grew upon me that I
+had committed a crime, and now for twenty-two years, as some atonement
+for my sin, I have been supporting that crippled man and his widowed
+mother."
+
+The modern banker has become a sort of confessor, and to the banker many
+sins are revealed as once to the priest. Nothing is more significant
+than this German confession and his philosophy of the German atrocity.
+In his own written letter concerning that crime of his boyhood this
+German adds: "Had I remained in Germany no one would ever have thought
+of suggesting to me that I had done wrong, and it would never have
+entered into my head that I was under any obligation to the man I had
+maimed. In the light of American civilization I understand the
+difference, and I am seeking to atone for my sin, but all Germans have
+been taught, as I was taught. The Germans, therefore, in their campaign
+of frightfulness, are committing deeds which from the view-point of
+American civilization are barbarous, but from the view-point of Germans
+are not crimes at all."
+
+The significance of this frank confession of a German, his story of how
+America had redeemed his soul out of the spirit of force and cruelty
+into the spirit of kindness, humanity and justice, reveals more of the
+real nature of the German beast and the Potsdam gang than a thousand
+volumes on the philosophy of German atrocities. The simple fact is that
+the crimes of the Germans are abominable atrocities to us, but that
+intellectually and morally the German officer and soldier simply do not
+know what we mean by our horror and the wave of moral indignation that
+has swept over the earth. Jesse Pomeroy used to pull canary birds apart,
+and tortured children to death. But the boy was deficient in the nerve
+of humanity. He simply stared with blank eyes when the judge and the
+jury condemned him. He was incapable of knowing what the excitement over
+the dead body was about. On the side of compassion and humanity the
+German is, as it were, colour blind, is without musical sense, and the
+nerves of kindness and humanity are atrophied. The ordinary German
+prisoner when shown the bodies left behind after the flight of the
+German army simply looks blankly at the mutilated corpse and exclaims:
+"Well, what of it? Why not? Why shouldn't we?" and shrugs his shoulders,
+taking it as a matter of course. That is another reason why a great
+number of American business men, bankers, merchants, manufacturers,
+scholars, statesmen, have reluctantly been forced to the conviction that
+the ten millions of German soldiers should be painlessly sterilized,
+that the German people (saving only the remnant who accept Jesus' idea
+of compassion and kindness towards God's poor and weak) should be
+allowed to die out of the world. Re-read, therefore, what this German
+has said about the teaching of his German parents and the German people
+in praise of cruelty, and how for twenty years now, redeemed by life in
+the United States, he has tried to make atonement by supporting the man
+whom he had crippled, and also his mother. Who shall explain to us the
+reason why German barbarism is not barbarism to the Germans? Why, this
+German shall explain it, through his personal experience as a criminal.
+But the day will come when the Potsdam gang and ten million German
+soldiers will stand before the judgment seat of God. And what shall be
+the verdict then pronounced? You will find it in the New Testament:
+"'Out of thine own mouth will I judge thee,' thou wicked and cruel
+German!"
+
+
+2. The German "Science of Lying"
+
+For the first time in history a nation has organized lying into a
+science and taught deceit as an art.
+
+At the very time when the diplomats of the world have refused any form
+of secrecy and insist upon publishing all international treaties and
+doing everything in the open, Germany has organized lying into a
+national science. Even Maximilian Harden, editor of _Zukunft_, openly
+acknowledges this in one of his editorials reproduced in the papers of
+Denmark and Holland.
+
+Harden comes right out in the open. He tells the German people that at
+the beginning of the war it was necessary to say to the world that
+Germany was fighting a defensive war, that her back was against the
+wall, that those wicked enemies named England and France, Russia and
+Belgium were leaping upon her like wolves.
+
+Of course, says Harden, at first that was good diplomacy, but now that
+we are successful, "Why say this any longer? Let the Kaiser and his
+Chancellor tell the world plainly that we decided upon this war
+twenty-five years ago; that during all of these years we were preparing
+cannons and shells; that we drilled ten million men against 'Der Tag';
+that we wanted this war, that we planned this war, that we forced this
+war and that we are proud of it."
+
+With one stroke Harden has torn off the mask. He exhibits the Kaiser as
+the prince of liars. If his words mean anything, they mean that what has
+long been surmised is absolutely true, namely, that Germany wished some
+one would kill the Austrian Prince and Princess so as to start the war,
+for which Berlin had prepared everything, down to the last buckle on the
+harness of the horses.
+
+General von Bissing is not less open. Dying men are not apt to tell
+lies. When he saw that the end was coming the Governor-General of
+Belgium prepared what he called his "last will and testament."
+
+As a close and intimate friend of the Kaiser, he left a letter with his
+will asking the German Government carefully to consider his wishes. He
+says plainly that all of the statements that Berlin never intended to
+annex Belgium were pure camouflage. He urges the Berlin office to flatly
+declare its purpose never to give up a foot of the Belgian coast nor an
+acre of the conquered territory of north France and Belgium.
+
+"It is of no consequence," he says, "that we have given a solemn pledge
+not to annex Belgium. Why not tell the world that we will have failed in
+the one thing for which we set out if we evacuate Belgium? We need
+Belgium's coast line for our shipping."
+
+He adds that Germany has used twenty-three million tons of Belgian coal
+and has taken as much more iron ore out of France's basin in Briey. "We
+cannot live and compete with France and England if we give up the coal
+and iron mines that we have conquered and the harbours that we have
+won."
+
+Having affirmed, therefore, that the German Government lied at the
+beginning in claiming that they entered Belgium fighting a defensive
+warfare, General von Bissing cast about for some one behind whom he can
+hide as a screen and who can be used as an authority for lying. He finds
+his guide and leader in "The Prince," written by Machiavelli. That book
+has often been called the treatise on the art of lying. Never was such
+cunning exhibited. Never was the father of lies invoked with such skill
+as by the German leaders. In their sight truth is contemptible,
+kindness is weakness, honour is a figment.
+
+But the individual, the city, or the empire that builds its life on lies
+builds its house on sand. Soon the rains will descend and the floods
+come, the winds will blow, and the house will fall, and great will be
+the fall of it.
+
+The German is like a thirsty man who tries to quench his thirst by
+drinking scalding water. He is like a hungry man who tries to satisfy
+his appetite by eating red-hot coals.
+
+
+3. The Malignity of the German Spies
+
+Disturbed by many events in their city, the Secret Service men guard
+very carefully the speakers for the Liberty Loan, the Red Cross or the
+Y. M. C. A. hut work. Fearing lest some German agent might injure the
+good name of their town, the Secret Service men of a certain community
+recently told the following incident, merely as a warning to all public
+speakers who might, by their words, arouse the enmity of half-balanced
+German fanatics. Because it was intended to put us all upon our guard,
+and because no interest could possibly be injured, but many persons be
+benefited, the incident is here set forth in detail. The speaker was a
+young lawyer, of position, influence and fine education, who was serving
+his country during the period of the war.
+
+"One morning I received my assignment through a sealed envelope.
+Experience told me that I was to take up the work of some other Secret
+Service man and complete the task. Of course, one Secret Service man
+does not know who else is in the service. Since the war began we go by
+numbers, rather than by our names. When I opened my envelope I found
+these directions: 'Go to No. ---- ----. Wait until there is no customer
+in the tobacco store. Then put down on the counter two ten-cent pieces,
+and say to the woman, "I want that package of green leaf tobacco." When
+you have left the store, open the package, and you will find full
+directions therein.' I followed the instructions strictly, and out on
+the street I opened the package, and found a large key and a small one,
+with these words written: 'Go to No. so-and-so (mentioning a third-class
+little apartment house in one of the worst districts in the city). The
+large key will open room No. 14. The small key will open a little
+writing table in the room. In the drawer of that table you will find
+full directions.'
+
+"I soon found the apartment house, climbed to the second floor, found my
+large key turning in the lock, and the small key opened the drawer in
+the desk. In that drawer I found these words: 'The man we want is in the
+adjoining room. He will come in about seven o'clock, but he may not come
+until eleven or twelve. It is important that we have his testimony.
+Don't wound him seriously or kill him. You will find a hole bored
+through the door between your room and his. That hole is filled with
+putty, but underneath the putty is wax. Warm the wire in the drawer in
+the gas jet and melt the wax.'
+
+"I waited until eleven o'clock for the man to come in. For a while he
+sat on the bed, with his back towards me. He was reading. Finally he
+lifted his pillow to shake it up, and I caught sight of a big revolver
+under the pillow. For several reasons I decided to do nothing until he
+had fallen asleep. I kept my ear glued to that little hole for one hour
+after he turned out his light. When he was sleeping soundly I went into
+the hall, with my skeleton key turned the lock in the door, and then
+with my lantern in the left hand and my revolver in the right made one
+bound into the room, struck my light and my revolver into his face under
+the light and shouted: 'Hands up!' Within three minutes I had him
+handcuffed and within ten had him bound. In that room, when the police
+came at my call, we found enough chemicals and powerful explosives to
+have blown up the entire block. In his satchel were found incriminating
+letters, secret documents, and, with their help, we soon landed the
+entire crowd. All have now been taken care of. Their flames were stamped
+out before they were kindled." That one incident was only one of a
+series of closely-related dramatic events. Outwardly, life in that city
+is very safe, simple and straightforward, but as to the forces of evil,
+the anarchists, the I. W. W.'s and German plotters the patriot can only
+say that but for the Secret Service and the police and the Department of
+Justice, society could not go on for one single month.
+
+
+4. The Cancer in the Body-Politic of Germany
+
+To-day, physicians and surgeons count the cancer man's deadliest enemy.
+Every year this baffling disease takes large and larger toll of human
+life. From time to time experts come together to plan its limitation,
+but meanwhile the terrible disease increases. Addressing a company of
+experts recently, a great physician exclaimed: "Even if we can stop its
+growth by radium, it still remains for us to get rid of the growth
+itself. There seems to be no way to lift the evil cells out save through
+the knife, after which nature must heal the wound. Science knows no
+other way." Plainly, no magic can be invoked. No miracle assists the
+surgeon. His one recourse is to the knife, and after that the healing
+forces of nature.
+
+Let us confess that the knife has a large place in the extermination of
+social diseases. Militarism is a cancer on the German body-politic, just
+as slavery was once a cancer fastened on the fair body of the great
+South. That disease had fastened itself upon the South many years before
+the Civil War. Like a cancer, it spread its roots throughout the whole
+social and economic structure of the Southern States. It poisoned trade.
+Its virus was in the body of law. It destroyed kindness and sympathy for
+the weak. Slavery debased the poor white working-man. It made the white
+fathers of mulatto children so cruel that they sold their own flesh and
+blood. Overseers became brutes. Slave drivers stood up and bid upon
+their own children in the auction markets. Slowly the disease spread.
+Men became alarmed. They tried everything excepting the knife held in
+the hand of war surgeons. Clay recognized the cancer in the body
+politic. He proposed compromise as a poultice. Garrison and Phillips
+proposed the amputation of the diseased limb. John Brown tried to put
+sulphuric acid upon the sore spots and eat it out through the flames of
+insurrection. Lincoln knew that it was a case of life or death. The
+Republic could not endure half slave and half free. All measures failed.
+Finally the god of war went forth and lifted a knife heated red hot and
+cut the foul cancer out of the body and saved the fair South. When many
+years had passed nature healed the wound and saved the life of the
+Republic.
+
+Germany, Austria and Turkey to-day are patients in a world hospital. It
+is plain that they are stricken with death. The foul cancer of
+militarism has fastened itself upon Germany. The cancer of autocracy is
+eating into the vitals of Austria. The cancer of polygamy is enmeshed in
+the life of Turkey. Of late the disease has been spreading. Now these
+surgeons, named Foch, Haig and Pershing, have been anointed by the
+ointment of war black and sulphurous, and, lifting their scalpel, these
+men have been ordained to cut out the foul growth from the body-politic
+of Germany. Perchance there is still enough vital force left therein to
+heal the wound after the disease has been removed. Meanwhile, the sick
+man of Turkey struggles. The patient hates the knife. The diseased body
+will not have the only instrument that holds possible cure, and yet,
+despite all his struggle, the disease must come out. Slowly the surgical
+process goes on. One root at Verdun was cut, and now another is being
+sundered in the West. Much blood flows, but the blood is black and foul.
+Every cell in the German body-politic seems to be diseased. Medicines
+must be found. The stimulants of sound ethics and morals must be
+invoked--after that it is a question of the recuperative forces of
+intellect and conscience in the German people. These forces alone can
+heal the wound left after the foul cancer has been cut away. To-day, men
+with a large mind, blessed with magnanimity, kindness and good-will must
+stay their hearts upon history, that shows us that in the past in our
+own country slavery was a cancer cut out by the surgeons of war, and
+that after a long time the great South recovered its health, its beauty
+and its usefulness.
+
+
+5. Polygamy and the Collapse of the Family in Germany
+
+The unexpected influences of this war upon Germany herself is a striking
+consideration. Few men anticipated the far-off results of the Kaiser's
+alliance with the Sultan and his polygamous philosophy. During the past
+two years the German newspapers, magazines and debates in the Reichstag
+have been filled with startling suggestions concerning the family. The
+_Berliner Lokalanzeiger_, on March 7, 1916, published a statement urging
+that "every girl should be given the right on reaching twenty-five
+years to have one child born out of wedlock, for which she should
+receive from the state an annual allowance."
+
+Dr. Krohne, in his address before the House, says: "The decline of the
+birth rate in Germany has proceeded three times as fast as in the
+preceding twenty-five years. No civilized nation has hitherto
+experienced so large a decline in so short a time. Our annual number of
+births falls already to-day by 560,000 below what we had a right to
+expect. We should have to-day 2,500,000 more inhabitants than we have."
+Commenting thereupon, the _Berliner Lokalanzeiger_ demands that
+"illegitimate children should be put socially and morally on a level
+with the legitimate."
+
+When, therefore, the Kaiser cast about for an alliance with some man who
+could be his bosom friend and could love what he loves, the Kaiser chose
+the Sultan with his polygamy and the Moslem teaching with its harem. No
+British or French officer, therefore, was surprised when documents like
+the following began to be found on the dead bodies of young German
+officers. This document is a verbatim and absolutely accurate copy of
+one of the many now deposited in the various departments of Justice and
+the War Departments in Havre and Paris:
+
+"Soldiers, a danger assails the Fatherland by reason of its dwindling
+birth rate. The cradles of Germany are empty to-day; it is your duty to
+see that they are filled. You bachelors, when your leave comes, marry at
+once the girl of your choice. Make her your wife without delay. The
+Fatherland needs healthy children. You married men and your wives should
+put jealousy from your minds and consider whether you have not also a
+duty to the Fatherland. You should consider whether you may not
+honourably contract an alliance with one of the million of bachelor
+women. See if your wife will not sanction the relation. Remember, all of
+you, the empty cradles of Germany must be filled.
+
+"Your name has been given us as a capable man, and you are herewith
+requested to take on this office of honour, and to do your duty in a
+proper German way. It must here be pointed out that your wife or fiancee
+will not be able to claim a divorce. It is, in fact, hoped that the
+women will bear this discomfort heroically for the sake of the war. You
+will be given the district of ----. Should you not feel capable of
+carrying on the task allotted to you, you will be given three days on
+which to name some one in your place. On the other hand, if you are
+prepared to take on a second district as well you will become
+'drekoffizier' and receive a pension. An exhibition of photographs of
+women and maidens in the district allotted to you is to be seen at the
+office of ----. You are requested to bring this letter with you."
+
+This is an amazing document. Plainly the German family has broken down.
+But no household can be built on free love in 1918, just as no stone
+building can be erected on hay, stubble or sand. The German family has
+gone, and German society is tottering towards its final ruin.
+
+
+6. The Red-Hot Swords in Sister Julie's Eyes
+
+The history of heroism holds nothing finer than the story of Sister
+Julie, decorated by the French Government with the Cross of the Legion
+of Honour. She lived in the little village of Gerbeviller, now called
+"Gerbeviller the Martyred." On August 27th the French army broke the
+line of the German Crown Prince and compelled the Huns' retreat. General
+Clauss was ordered to go northeast and dig in on the top of the ridge
+some twelve miles north of Gerbeviller. The Germans reached the village
+at nine o'clock in the morning, and by half-past twelve they had looted
+all the houses and were ready to burn the doomed city. The incendiary
+wagons were filled with the firebrands stamped 1912. Beginning at the
+southern end of the village, the German officers and soldiers looted
+every house, shop, store and public building, and then set fire to the
+town. At last they came to the extreme northern end, where a few houses
+and the little hospital over which Sister Julie had charge, were still
+standing.
+
+About noon a German colonel with the blazing firebrand in his right hand
+stood in front of Sister Julie's house. It has been said that there are
+flaming swords in the eyes of every good woman. In that terrible hour
+the face of Sister Julie proved the proverb. She told the German officer
+that these few houses that were left were filled with wounded French
+soldiers, with here and there a wounded German. The Hun answered that
+his men would remove the Germans who were wounded, but that the
+buildings must be fired. Behind him were several hundred buildings
+blazing like one fiery furnace. Sister Julie stood squarely across the
+path of the Hun. "While I live you shall not enter. You shall not kill
+these dying men. I swear it by this crucifix! Your hands are already red
+with blood. God dwells within this house. Look at this figure of Jesus,
+who said, 'Woe unto him that offends against one of my little ones.
+These shall go away into everlasting hell.' I myself will bear witness
+against you. You have murdered our fifteen old men. All their lives long
+these old men did us good and not evil. Look at the little girls you
+have slain. God Himself will strike you dead." General Clauss stood
+dumb. He was embarrassed beyond all words. Fear also got hold upon him.
+He turned and disappeared into a group of his soldiers. Two or three
+minutes passed by. A German colonel came to Sister Julie. He told her
+that the houses used for wounded soldiers would be spared by General
+Clauss provided Sister Julie would agree to continue her ministrations
+to the wounded Germans lying in her hospital. As General Clauss already
+knew that this had already been done, and would be, the Germans marched
+away, leaving the hospital buildings uninjured. It was a victory of the
+soul of a noble woman.
+
+One morning last summer Sister Julie showed her decorations. Her face
+was kind, gentle and motherly. Her atmosphere was peace and serenity.
+She seemed a tower of strength. It must have been easy for dying French
+boys in those rooms to have identified Sister Julie with Mary the
+Mother, who saw her son dying on the cross. Later on we met an aged
+woman of martyred Gerbeviller. She had been nursing in the hospital and
+had stood behind Sister Julie when she forbade General Clauss to light
+the firebrands. "What did Sister Julie say?" we asked the old woman.
+"Oh, sir, I do not know, and yet I do know. She told them that she would
+ask God to strike them dead. In that moment I was afraid of her. She
+seemed to me more to be feared than General Clauss and all his wicked
+army. I can tell you what our good priest says about Sister Julie." "And
+what is that?" The old woman could not quote the verse accurately, but
+from what she said we were soon guided to a chapter in the old Bible,
+and there was the verse that described Sister Julie, with arms uplifted
+at the door of her hospital and denying access to General Clauss. The
+verse was this: "And lo! an angel with a flaming sword stood at the gate
+and kept the garden."
+
+
+7. The Hidden Dynamite; the Hun's Destruction of Cathedrals
+
+In one group of ruined cellars that was once a splendid French city,
+there is a beautiful building standing. It is rich with the art and
+architecture of the sixteenth century. The lines are most graceful and
+the structure is the fulfillment of Keats' line: "A thing of beauty is a
+joy forever." Such a building belongs not to the French nation, but to
+the whole human race. An architect like the man who planned this noble
+building is born only once in a thousand years. Every visitor to that
+ruined town asks himself this question: "Why did the Germans allow this
+building to remain?" An incident of the story of Bapaume throws a flood
+of light upon the problem.
+
+One year ago, when the Germans were retreating from Bapaume, they looted
+every house, burned or dynamited every building save the Hotel de Ville.
+That city hall the Germans left standing in all its majesty and beauty.
+In front of the building they placed a placard containing in substance
+the statement that they left this building as a monument to Germany's
+love of art and architecture.
+
+Secretly, however, in the cellar of this noble building the Germans
+buried several tons of dynamite. To this dynamite they attached a
+seven-day clock. They set the seven-day clock to explode at eleven
+o'clock one week after the Germans had retreated. These beasts worked
+out the theory that the largest possible number of British and French
+officers and public men would be inspecting the building at that hour of
+the day.
+
+The plot was successful. Their devilish cunning was rewarded and their
+hate glutted. The clock struck the detonator, the dynamite exploded,
+blew the building and the visitors into atoms. Standing in the ruined
+public square, one sees nothing but that great shell pit where the earth
+opened up its mouth and swallowed a monument builded to beauty and
+grandeur. This other building, therefore, that stands in the city fifty
+miles to the south of Bapaume is there for the sole reason that the
+seven-day clock failed to explode the dynamite--not because of any love
+of architecture that possessed the Germans. It is there to tell us that
+some part of the mechanism of death failed to connect.
+
+In analyzing the German mind nothing is more certain than the fact that
+they lack a fine sense of humour and are often quite devoid of
+imagination.
+
+As for sculpture, nothing can be more hideous than the statues of the
+fifteen Prussian kings that do not decorate, but simply vulgarize, the
+avenue leading towards Magdeburg. The vast broad statue of Hindenburg,
+to which the Germans come to drive nails and scratch their names in lead
+pencils, reminds one of the occasional public buildings in this country
+defaced by thoughtless and vulgar boys. Nor is there anything in the
+world as ugly as the German sculptor's statue of the present Kaiser out
+at Potsdam Palace, unless it be the statue of an Indian in front of a
+tobacco store down in Smithville, Indian Territory, though even this is
+doubtful. It hardly seems possible that one earth only 7,000 miles in
+diameter could hold two statues as ugly as that of the Kaiser!
+
+It is this singular lack of imagination and failure to understand the
+beautiful that explains the systematic destruction by the German army of
+the glorious cathedrals, the fourteenth century churches, libraries,
+chateaux and hotels des villes that were the glory and beauty of France.
+
+"If we cannot have these vineyards and orchards," said the Germans,
+"Frenchmen shall not have them."
+
+So they turned the land into a desert. Not otherwise the German seems to
+feel that if he cannot build structures as beautiful as these glorious
+buildings in France that he will not leave one of them standing.
+
+Next to the Parthenon in Athens and St. Peter's in Rome, perhaps the
+world's best loved and most admired building was the Cathedral of
+Rheims. There Joan of Arc crowned Charles IX; there for centuries the
+noblest men of France had gone to receive their offices and their
+honours. A building that belonged to the world. What treasures of beauty
+for the whole human race in the thousand and more statues in the
+cathedral! How priceless the twelfth-century stained glass! What
+paintings which have come down from the masters of Italy! Whoever
+visited the library and the Cardinal's palace without exclaiming: "What
+beautiful missals! What illuminated manuscripts?"
+
+Fully conscious of the fact that they were impotent to produce such
+treasures the Germans, unable to get closer to the cathedral than four
+miles, determined to destroy them. Day after day they bombed the noble
+cathedral. Gone now, too, the great stone roof! Fallen the flying
+buttresses, ruined the chapels. Perished all the tapestries, the rugs
+and the laces. Water stands in puddles on the floor. The cathedral is a
+blackened shell.
+
+The victim of grievous ingratitude, King Lear, was turned out into the
+snow and hail by his wicked daughters; and the white-haired old king
+wandered through the blackness of the night beneath the falling hail.
+And, lo! the Cathedral of Rheims is a King Lear in architecture--broken,
+wounded, exposed to the hails of the autumn and the snow of the winter,
+through the coarseness and vandalism of the Germans.
+
+The German Foreign Minister put it all in one word: "Let the neutrals
+cease their everlasting chatter about the destruction of Rheims
+Cathedral. All the paintings, statues and cathedrals in the world are
+not so much as one straw to the Germans over against the gaining of our
+goal and the conquest of their land."
+
+Never was a truer word spoken. The German lacks the imagination and the
+gift of the love of the beautiful. He would prefer one bologna sausage
+factory and one brewery to the Parthenon, with St. Peter's and Rheims
+Cathedral thrown in.
+
+
+8. The German Sniper Who Hid Behind the Crucifix
+
+For hundreds of years the French peasants have loved the crucifix. Many
+a beautiful woman carries a little gold cross with the figure of Jesus
+fastened thereto, and from time to time draws it out to press the
+crucifix to her lips. Even in the harvest fields and beside the road,
+travellers find the carved figure of the Saviour lifted up to draw poor,
+ignorant and sinful men to His own level.
+
+One of the most glorious pieces of carving in France was wrought in
+walnut by a great sculptor and lifted up on a tree in the midst of an
+estate, where the peasants, resting from their work, could refresh their
+souls by love and faith and prayer.
+
+One day last summer, during the Teuton advance, a German officer stood
+beneath that divine figure. Mentally he marked the place. That night
+when the darkness fell a company of German officers returned to that
+spot. One of them climbed up on the tree. He found that the carved
+figure of Jesus was life size.
+
+With the end of a rope a little platform was drawn up level with the
+foot of the crucifix. Two ropes were fastened to the outstretched arms
+of the Saviour. Another rope was fastened around the neck of Jesus,
+until the platform was made safe. Then a German sniper with his gun
+climbed up on the platform. He laid his rifle upon the shoulders of the
+Divine Figure, hiding his body behind that of Jesus. The German officer
+must have chuckled with satisfaction, for he knew that he had found a
+screen behind which a murderer might hide, and the German villain was
+quite right in his psychology.
+
+It was true that the French soldiers loved that beautiful figure. To
+them the crucifix was sacred. So beautiful were their ideals, so lofty
+their spirit, so pure and high their imagination, that they were
+incapable of conceiving that a German could use the sacred crucifix as a
+screen from which to send forth his murderous hail.
+
+The green boughs of that tree hid the little puff of smoke. From time to
+time a French soldier would fall dead with a hole through his forehead.
+Once a French officer threw up his hands while the blood streamed from
+his mouth and he pitched forward dead.
+
+At last the French soldiers understood. There was a sniper behind
+Christ's cross. The French could have turned their cannon against that
+tree, but instead they simply kept below the trench until the night
+fell. Then in the darkness some French boys took their lives in their
+hands and crawled on hands and knees across No Man's Land. Lying on
+their backs they cut the wires above their heads.
+
+By some strange providence they dropped safely into the German trench
+and crawled ten yards beyond. Then they climbed into the tree, removed
+that glorious crucifix with the carved figure, brought it back in
+safety and at daybreak turned their cannon on the tree and blew the
+platform to pieces.
+
+Foul Huns had made a screen of that sacred figure, but the French were
+not willing to injure their ideals by shooting the crucifix to pieces.
+
+To-day all the world despises the Germans. Nothing is sacred to them.
+Their souls are dead within them and when the soul dies, everything
+dies.
+
+The German's body may live on for twenty years, but you might as well
+pronounce the funeral address to-day, for the soul of Germany is dead.
+Nothing but a physical fighting machine now remains.
+
+Meanwhile, France lives. Never were her ideals so lofty and pure. That
+is why the world loves France. She has kept faith with her ideals.
+
+
+9. The Ruined Studio
+
+I have in my possession several photographs of a ruined studio. Some
+twenty or thirty Germans dashed into a little French village one day,
+and demanded at the point of their automatic pistols the surrender by
+the women of their rings, jewelry, money and their varied treasure. At
+the edge of the village was a simple little summer-house, in which one
+of the French artists had his studio. He had been in that valley for
+three months, sketching, and working very hard. Knowing that they had
+but a little time in which to do their work as vandals, the Huns started
+to ruin the studio. With big knives they cut the fine canvases into
+ruins. They knocked down the marbles, and the bronzes; the little bust
+from the hand of Rodin was smashed with a hammer. The bronze brought
+from Rome was pounded until the face was ruined. One blow of the hammer
+smashed the Chinese pottery, another broke the plates and the porcelain
+into fragments. Then every corner of the room was defiled, and the pigs
+fled from their filthy stye. Across one of the canvases the German
+officer wrote the words, "This is my trademark." And every other part of
+the canvas was cut to ribbons with his knife. No more convincing
+evidence of the real German character can possibly be found than these
+photographs of the interior of that ruined studio.
+
+Here we have the reason why the Kaiser himself, who knew the German
+through and through, called his people Huns. Long ago the first Huns
+entered Italy. They found a city of marble, ivory, and silver. They left
+it a heap and a ruin. They had no understanding of a palace; they did
+not know what a picture meant, or a marble; they were irritated by the
+superiority of the Roman. What they could not understand they determined
+to destroy. That is one of the reasons why all the marbles and bronzes
+that we have in Italy are marred and injured. The head of Jupiter is
+cracked; the Venus di Milo has no arms; Aphrodite has been repaired with
+plaster; Apollo has lost a part of his neck and one leg. From time to
+time an old marble is dug up in a field, where some ploughman has
+chanced upon the treasure. Owners hid their beautiful statues, ivories
+and bronzes, to save them from the vandals. Unfortunately, the modern
+Huns rushed into the French towns, riding in automobiles, and sculptors
+and painters had no time to hide their treasures. The great cathedrals
+could not be hidden. The Kaiser in one of his recent statements boasted
+that he had destroyed seventy-three cathedrals in Belgium and France. It
+is all too true. From the beginning, the Cathedral of Rheims, dear to
+the whole world, and glorious through the associations of Jeanne d'Arc,
+was doomed, because the Germans, having no treasure of their own, and
+incapable of producing such a cathedral, determined that France should
+not have that treasure. The other day, in Kentucky, a negro jockey came
+in at the tail end of a race, ten rods behind his rival. That night, the
+negro bought a pint of whiskey, and determined to have vengeance, so he
+went out at midnight, and cut the hamstrings of the beautiful horse that
+had defeated his own beast. Now that is precisely the spirit that
+animated the German War Staff and the men that have devastated France
+and Belgium, and every man who has witnessed these German crimes with
+his own eyes will never be the same person again. His whole attitude
+towards the Hun is an attitude of horror and revulsion. A certain noble
+anger burns within him, as burned that noble passion in Dante against
+those criminals who spoiled Florence of her treasures.
+
+
+10. Was This Murder Justified?
+
+One raw, December day, in 1914, an American gentleman, widely known as
+traveller and correspondent, was in a hospital in London, recovering
+from his wound, received in Belgium. He was startled by the appearance
+of an old Belgian priest, and a young Belgian woman. The American author
+was travelling in Belgium at the time of the German invasion. Quite
+unexpectedly he was caught behind the lines, near Louvain. Having heard
+his statement, the German officer recognized its truthfulness and
+sincerity, and insisted that this American scholar should be his guest
+at the Belgian chateau of which he had just taken possession. The German
+had already shot the Belgian owner, and one or two of the servants, who
+defended their master. To the horror and righteous anger of the
+American, the German officer took his place at the head of the table,
+waved the American to his seat, and ordered the young Belgian woman to
+perform her duties as hostess. In that tense moment, it was a matter of
+life and death to disobey. That German officer had his way, not only
+with the young Belgian wife, half dazed, half crazed, wholly broken in
+spirit, but with the American whom he sent forward to Brussels.
+
+Plunged into the midst of many duties in connection with Americans and
+refugees who had to be gotten out of Belgium into England, this American
+author had to put aside temporarily any plan for the release of that
+young Belgian woman held in bondage. Later, when he was wounded, the
+American crossed to London for medical help. When the old Belgian priest
+and that young woman stood at the foot of his bed in the hospital in
+London, all the events of that terrible hour in the dining-room of the
+Belgian chateau returned, and once more he lived through that frightful
+scene. The purpose of the visit soon became evident. The old Belgian
+priest stated the problem. He began by saying that God alone could take
+human life since God alone could give it. He urged that the sorrow of
+the young woman's present was as nothing in comparison to the loss of
+her soul should she be guilty of infanticide. It was the plea of a man
+who lived for the old ideals. His white hair, his gentle face, his pure
+disinterested spirit lent weight to his words. Then came the statement
+of the young Belgian woman. She told the American author of the dreadful
+days and weeks that followed after his departure, that every conceivable
+agony was wrought upon her, and that now within a few months, she must
+have a child by that wicked German officer. She cried out that the very
+babe would be unclean, that it would be born a monster, that it was as
+if she was bringing into the world an evil thing, doomed in advance to
+direst hell. That every day and every hour she felt that poison was
+running through her veins. She turned upon the old priest, saying, "You
+insist that God alone gives life! Nay, no, no, no! It was a German devil
+that gave me this life that now throbs within my body! And every moment
+I feel that that life is pollution. German blood is poisoned blood.
+German blood is like putrefaction and decay, soiling my innermost life."
+The young woman wept, prayed, plead, and finally in her desperation
+cried out, "Then I decide for myself! The responsibility is mine. I
+alone will bear it." And out of the hospital she swept with the dignity
+and beauty of the Lady of Sorrows.
+
+A year later, in Paris, the French judge and court cleared the young
+girl who choked to death with a string the babe of the German officer
+who had attacked her. But since that time, all France and Belgium and
+the lands where there are refugees are discussing the question--Where
+does the right lie? Has the French mother, cruelly wounded, no right?
+And this foul thing forced upon her a superior right? Which path for the
+bewildered girl leads to peace? Where does the Lord of Right stand? What
+chance has a babe born of a beast, abhorred and despised, when it comes
+into the world? The women of the world alone can answer this question.
+
+
+
+
+IN FRANCE THE IMMORTAL!
+
+IV
+
+
+1. The Glory of the French Soldier's Heroism
+
+As much as the German atrocities have done to destroy our confidence in
+the divine origin of the human soul, the French soldiers have done to
+vindicate the majesty and beauty of a soul made in the image of God.
+
+I have seen French boys that were so simple, brave and modest in their
+courage, so beautiful in their spirit, as to make one feel that they
+were young gods and not men. One day, into one of the camps, came a
+lawyer from Paris. He brought the news of the revival of the Latin
+Quarter. For nearly three years a shop near the Beaux Arts had been
+closed. During all this time the French soldier had been at the front.
+When the first call came on that August day he put up the wooden
+shutters, turned the key in the lock, and marched away to the trenches.
+
+Said the lawyer: "I come from your cousin. The Americans are here in
+Paris. Your cousin says that if you will give me the keys and authorize
+her to open the shop she will take your place. She can recover your
+business, and perhaps have a little store of money for you when you have
+your 'permission' or come home to rest. She tells me that she is your
+sole relative." The soldier shook his head, saying: "I never expect to
+come home. I do not want to come home. France can be freed only by men
+who are ready to die for her. I do not know where the key is. I do not
+know what goods are in the shop. For three years I have had no thought
+of it. I am too busy to make money. There are other things for
+me--fighting, and perhaps dying. Tell my cousin that she can have the
+shop." Then the soldier saluted and started back towards his trench.
+"Wait! Wait!" cried the attorney. Then he stooped down, wrote hurriedly
+upon his knee, a little paper in which the soldier authorized his cousin
+to carry on the business, in his name. Scrawling his name to the
+document, the soldier ran towards the place where his heart was--the
+place of peril, heroism and self-sacrifice.
+
+This was typical of the thousands of soldiers at the front, for French
+soldiers suffer that the children may never have to wade through this
+blood and muck. The foul creature that has bathed the world in blood
+must be slain forever. With the full consent of the intellect, of the
+heart and the conscience, these glorious French boys have given
+themselves to God, to freedom, and to France.
+
+
+2. Why the Hun Cannot Defeat the Frenchman
+
+One morning in a little restaurant in Paris I was talking with a British
+army-captain. The young soldier was a typical Englishman, quiet,
+reserved, but plainly a little excited. He had just been promoted to his
+captaincy and had received one week's "permission" for a rest in Paris.
+We had both come down from near Messines Ridge.
+
+"Of course," said the English captain, "the French are the greatest
+soldiers in the world."
+
+"Why do you say that?" I answered. "What could be more wonderful than
+the heroism, the endurance of the British at Vimy Ridge? They seem to me
+more like young gods than men."
+
+To which the captain answered: "But you must remember that England has
+never been invaded. Look at my company! Their equipment is right from
+helmet to shoe, so perfectly drilled are they that the swing of their
+right legs is like the swing of one pendulum. I will put my British
+company against the world. Still I must confess this, that, so far as I
+know, no English division of fifteen thousand men ever came home at
+night with more than five thousand prisoners.
+
+"But look at the French boys at Verdun! As for clothes, one had a
+helmet, another a hat, or a cap, or was bareheaded. One had red
+trousers, one had gray trousers and one had fought until he had only
+rags left. When they got within ten rods of the German trench they were
+so anxious to reach the Boche that they forgot to shoot and lifted up
+their big bayonets, while they shouted, 'For God and France!'
+
+"That night when that French division came back ten thousand strong they
+brought more than ten thousand German prisoners with them to spend the
+night inside of barbed wire fences.
+
+"The reason is this: These Frenchmen fought for home and fireside. They
+fought against an invader who had murdered their daughters and mothers.
+The Huns will never defeat France. Before that could be done," exclaimed
+the English captain, "there would not be a man left in France to explain
+the reason for his defeat."
+
+
+3. "I Am Only His Wife"
+
+Human life holds many wonderful hours. Love, marriage, suffering,
+trouble, are crises full of romance and destiny, but I question whether
+any man ever passed through an experience more thrilling than the hour
+in which he stands at the Charing Cross or Waterloo Station in London or
+in the great station in Paris and watches the hospital trains come in,
+loaded with wounded soldiers brought in after a great battle.
+
+Often fifty thousand men and women line the streets for blocks, waiting
+for the trains. Slowly the wounded boys are lifted from the car to the
+cot. Slowly the cot is carried to the ambulance. The nurses speak only
+in whispers. The surgeons lift the hand directing them. You can hear the
+wings of the Angel of Death rustling in the air.
+
+When the automobile carrying two wounded boys moves down the street, the
+men and women all uncover while you hear whispered words, "God bless
+you!" from some father or mother who see their own son in that boy.
+
+Now and then some young girl with streaming eyes timidly drops a flower
+into the front of the ambulance--pansies for remembrance and love--upon
+a boy whom she does not know, while she thinks of a boy whom she knows
+and loves who is somewhere in the trenches of France.
+
+One morning a young nurse in the hospital in Paris received a telegram.
+It was from a young soldier, saying: "My pal has been grievously
+wounded. He is on the train that will land this afternoon. He has a
+young wife and a little child. You will find them at such and such a
+street. I do not know whether he will live to reach Paris. Can you see
+that they are at the station to meet him? That was his last whispered
+request to me."
+
+That afternoon at five o'clock, with her face pressed between the iron
+bars, a young French woman, with a little boy in her arms, was looking
+down the long platform. Many, many cots passed by, and still he did not
+come. At last she saw the nurse. The young wife did not know that her
+soldier husband had died while they lifted him out of the car.
+
+The young nurse said that she never had undertaken a harder task than
+that of lifting the boy in her own arms and leading the French girl to
+that cot, that she might know that henceforth she must look with altered
+eyes upon an altered world. A few minutes passed by and then a miracle
+of hope had happened.
+
+"I saw her," said the nurse, "with one hand upon his hair and the other
+stretched upward as she exclaimed: 'I am only his wife, France is his
+mother! I am only his wife, France is his mother! I give him to France,
+the mother that reared him!'"
+
+
+4. A Soldier's Funeral in Paris
+
+The two boys were incredibly happy. Two mornings before they had landed
+in Paris. What a reception they had had in the soldiers' club from the
+splendid French women! How good the hot bath had seemed! Clean linen, a
+fresh shave, a good breakfast, a soft cot, plenty of blankets,
+twenty-four hours' sleep, and they had wakened up new men. The first
+morning they walked along the streets, looking into the shop windows; in
+the afternoon one of the ladies took them to a moving picture show, and
+now on the second day here they were, at a little table before the cafe
+in one of the best restaurants in the Latin Quarter, with good red wine
+and black coffee, and plenty of cigarettes, and not even the boom of
+cannon to disturb their conversation. Strange that in three days they
+could have passed from the uttermost of hell to the uttermost of safety
+and peace. "These are good times," said one of the boys, "and we are in
+them."
+
+Then they heard a policeman shouting. Looking up, they saw a singular
+spectacle. Just in front of them was a poor old hearse drawn by two
+horses, whose black trappings touched the ground. Shabbier hearse never
+was seen. Strangest of all, there was only a little, thin, black-robed
+girl walking behind the hearse. There were no hired mourners as usual.
+There was no large group of friends walking with heads bared in token of
+reverence; there was no priest; no carriages followed after. Saddest of
+all, there was not even a flower. What could these things mean? How
+strange that when they were so happy this little woman could be so sad.
+
+Suddenly one of the soldier boys arose. He stepped into the street and
+looked into the hearse. There he saw these words: "A soldier of France."
+He began to question the woman. Lifting her veil, he saw a frail girl,
+and while the traffic jam increased she told her story. The soldier had
+been wounded at the Battle of the Marne. He was one of the first to be
+brought to Paris. He never walked again. "I am very poor; I have only
+one franc a day. We have no friends. I borrowed money for the hearse."
+
+The boy returned to his fellows. "Fall in line, boys!" he shouted. "Here
+is a soldier of France. This little girl has taken care of him for three
+years on one franc a day. Line up, everybody, and tell the men to
+swallow their coffee and wine and fall into the procession. Go into the
+shops and say that a soldier of France lies here." When that hearse
+began to move there were twenty men and women walking as mourners behind
+the body. Two soldier boys walked beside the frail little girl with her
+heavy crepe. As the soldiers walked along beside the hearse the
+procession began to grow. On and on for two long miles this slowly
+moving company increased in number until one hundred were in line, and
+when they came into God's Acre they buried the poor boy as if he were a
+king coming in with trumpets from the battle. For he was a soldier of
+France.
+
+
+5. The Old Book-Lover of Louvain
+
+Among the fascinating pursuits of life we must make a large place for
+the collection of old books, old paintings, old missals and curios.
+Certain cities, like Venice, Florence, Rome, Naples, and Madrid, have
+been for a thousand years like unto the Sargasso Sea in which beautiful
+things have drifted.
+
+Fifty years ago, men of leisure began to collect these treasures. Some
+made their way into Egypt and Palestine, and there uncovered temples
+long buried in sands and ruins and all covered with debris. From time to
+time old missals were found in deserted monasteries, marbles were digged
+up in buried palaces. Men came back from their journeys with some lovely
+terra cotta, some ivory or bronze, some painting by an old master, whose
+beauty had been hidden for centuries under smoke and grime. The
+enthusiasm of the collectors exceeds the zest of men searching for gold
+and diamonds amid the sands of South Africa.
+
+Fifty years ago a young scholar of Louvain won high praise because of
+his skill in dating and naming old pictures and manuscripts. When ten
+years had passed by, this scholar's name and fame were spread all over
+Europe. Many museums in different countries competed for his services.
+
+The time came when the heads of galleries in London and Paris and Rome
+sent for this expert to pass upon some art object. During the fifty
+years this scholar came to know every beautiful treasure in Europe.
+
+In the old castles of Austria, in a monastery of Bohemia, in the house
+of an ancient Italian family, in certain second-hand bookstores, in
+out-of-the-way towns he found treasures as precious as pearls and
+diamonds raked out of the muck-heap.
+
+When death took away his only son and left his little grandchildren
+dependent upon himself the old book-lover looked forward serenely into
+the future. He knew that every year his treasures were growing more and
+more valuable. Living in his home in Louvain he received from time to
+time visits from experts, who came in from all the cities of the world
+to see his treasures, and if possible, to buy some rare book.
+
+Then, in August, 1914, came the great catastrophe, as came the explosion
+of Vesuvius that buried Pompeii under hot ashes and flaming fire.
+
+One morning the old scholar was startled by the noise and confusion in
+the street. Looking down from his window he saw German soldiers, German
+horsemen, German cannon. He beheld women and children lined up on the
+sidewalk. He saw German soldiers assault old men. He saw them carrying
+the furniture, rugs and carpets out of the houses. He saw the flames
+coming out of the roofs of houses a block away.
+
+A moment later an old university professor pounded upon his door and
+called out that they must flee for their lives. There was only time to
+pick out one satchel and fill it with his precious manuscripts and
+costly missals. Then the two old scholars fled into the street with the
+grandchildren. Fortunately a Belgian driving a two-wheeled coal cart was
+passing by. Into the cart climbed the little grandchildren. Carefully
+the satchel filled with its treasures was also lifted into place.
+
+At that moment a German shell exploded beside the cart. When the old
+book-lover recovered consciousness the cart was gone, the grandchildren
+were dead and of all his art treasures there was left only one little
+book upon which some scholar of the twelfth century had toiled with
+loving hands.
+
+Carried forward among the refugees several hours later, Belgian soldiers
+lifted the old man into a train that was carrying the wounded down to
+Havre. In his hand the collector held the precious book. Excitement and
+sorrow had broken his heart. His mind also wandered. He was no longer
+able to understand the cosmic terror and blackness. A noble officer,
+himself wounded, put his coat under the old man's head and made a
+pillow and bade him forget the German beast, the bomb shells, the
+blazing city. But all these foul deeds and all dangers now were as
+naught to the old man.
+
+"See my little book," he said. "How beautiful the lettering! Why, upon
+this book, as upon a ship, civilization sailed across the dark waters of
+the Middle Ages. Look at this book of beauty. The ugliness of the tenth
+century is dead. The cruelty and the slavery of bloody tyrants is dead
+also. The old cannon are quite rusted away. But look at this! Behold,
+its beauty is immortal! Everything else dies. Soon all the smoke and
+blood will go, but beauty and love and liberty will remain."
+
+And then lifting the little book the old collector of Louvain pressed
+his lips to the vellum page, bright with the blue and crimson and gold
+of seven hundred years, and in a moment passed to the soul's summer
+land, where no shriek of German shells rends the air, where wicked
+Germans have ceased from troubling and where the French and Belgians,
+worn by the cruelty of the Huns, are now at rest and peace.
+
+
+6. A Vision of Judgment in Martyred Gerbeviller
+
+To-day everybody knows the story of Gerbeviller, the martyred.
+
+To the northwest is that glorious capital of Lorraine, Nancy. Farther
+northwest are Verdun and Toul, with our American boys. The region round
+about the martyred town is a region of rich iron ores.
+
+Some years ago, Germany found herself at bay, by reason of the
+threatened exhaustion of her iron mines in Alsace-Lorraine. The news
+that France had uncovered new beds of iron ore stirred Germany to a
+frenzy of envy and longing.
+
+High grade iron ore meant a new financial era for France. The exhaustion
+of Germany's iron mines meant industrial depression, and finally a
+second and third rate position. Rather than lose her place Germany
+determined to go to war with France and Belgium and grab their iron
+mines. To break down resistance on the part of the French people, the
+Germans used atrocities that were fiendish beyond words. The richer the
+province she wished to steal, the more terrible her cruelties.
+
+At nine o'clock in the morning on August 27, General Clauss and 15,000
+soldiers entered Gerbeviller. Ten miles to the south was the remainder
+of the German army, utterly broken by the French attack. Clauss had been
+sent north to dig his trenches until the rest of the German army could
+retreat.
+
+Every hour was precious. The Germans remained in the little town from 9
+A. M. until 12:30 P. M. They found in the village thirty-one hundred
+women, girls and children, fifteen old men (the eldest ninety-two), one
+priest and one Red Cross ambulance driver. Even the little boys and men
+under seventy had gone to the front to dig ditches and carry water to
+the French.
+
+It took the Germans only two and one-half hours to loot all the houses
+and load upon their trucks the rugs, carpets, chairs, pictures, bedding,
+with every knife and fork and plate. At half-past eleven General Clauss
+was in the Mayor's house, when the German colonel came in and reported
+that everything in the houses had been stripped and that they were ready
+to begin the firing of the buildings.
+
+The aged wife of the secretary to the Mayor told me this incident:
+
+"We find no weapons in the houses, and we find only these fifteen old
+men, one Red Cross boy, and this priest," said the colonel.
+
+"Line up the old men then and shoot them," shouted General Clauss. "Take
+the priest as a prisoner to do work in the trenches."
+
+The old men were lined up on the grass. General Clauss himself gave the
+signal to fire. Two German soldiers fired bullets into each one of the
+old men.
+
+One of the heart-broken onlookers was the village priest. The Germans
+carried him away as prisoner and made him work as a common labourer;
+through rain and sun, through heat and snow, he toiled on, digging
+ditches, carrying burdens, working eighteen hours a day, eating spoiled
+food that the German soldiers would not touch, until finally
+tuberculosis developed and he was sick unto death. Then the Germans
+released him as a refugee, so the priest returned to Gerbeviller to die.
+
+Then came the anniversary of the murder of the fifteen old men and of
+the one hundred and two women, girls and children. On the anniversary
+day of the martyrdom the noble Governor of the province assembled the
+few survivors for a memorial service about the graves of the martyrs.
+
+Knowing that the priest would never see another anniversary of that day
+the Prefect asked the priest to give the address at the memorial
+service. No more dramatic scene ever occurred in history. At the
+beginning the priest told the story of the coming of the Germans, the
+looting of the houses, the violation of the little girls, the collecting
+of the dead bodies. Suddenly the priest closed his eyes, and all
+unconsciously he lived the scene of those three and a half hours.
+
+"I see our fifteen heroes standing on the grass. I see the German
+soldiers lifting up their rifles. I hear General Clauss cursing and
+shouting the command to fire.
+
+"I see you, Thomas; a brutal soldier tears your coat back. He puts his
+rifle against your heart. When you sink down I see your hands come
+together in prayer.
+
+"I see you, Francois. I see the two big crutches on which you lean. You
+are weary with the load of ninety years. I hear your granddaughter when
+she sobs your name, and I see your smile, as you strive to encourage
+her.
+
+"I see you, Jean. How happy you were when you came back with your
+wealth to spend your last years in your native town! How kind you were
+to all our poor. Ah! Jean, you did us good and not evil, all the days of
+your life with us!
+
+"I see you, little Marie. You were lying upon the grass. I see your two
+little hands tied by ropes to the two peach trees in your mother's
+garden. I see the little wisp of black hair stretched out under your
+head. I see your little body lying dead. With this hand of mine upon
+that little board, above your grave, I wrote the words, 'Vengeance is
+mine; I will repay, saith the Lord.'
+
+"And yonder in the clouds I see the Son of Man coming in His glory with
+His angels. I see the Kaiser falling upon Gerbeviller. I see Clauss
+falling upon our aged Mayor. But I also see God arising to fall upon the
+Germans. Berlin, with Babylon the Great, is fallen. It has become a nest
+of unclean things. There serpents dwell. Woe unto them that offend
+against my little ones. For, lo, a millstone is hanged about their necks
+and they shall be drowned in the sea with Satan."
+
+The excitement was too much for the priest. That very night he died.
+Henceforth he will be numbered among the martyrs of Gerbeviller.
+
+
+7. The Return of the Refugees
+
+The return of the refugees to Belgium and France holds the essence of a
+thousand tragedies. From the days of Homer down to those of Longfellow,
+with his story of Evangeline, literature has recounted the sad lot of
+lovers torn from one another's arms and all the rest of their lives
+going every whither in search of the beloved one, only to find the lost
+and loved when it was too late.
+
+But nothing in literature is so tragic as the events now going on from
+week to week in the towns on the frontier of Switzerland.
+
+When the Germans raped Belgium and northern France they sent back to the
+rear trenches the young women and the girls, and now, from time to time,
+those girls, all broken in health, are released by the Germans, who send
+them back to their parents or husbands.
+
+Multitudes of these girls have died of abuse and cruelty, but others,
+broken in body and spirit, are returning for an interval that is brief
+and heart-breaking before the end comes.
+
+Three weeks ago an old friend returned from his Red Cross work in
+France. By invitation of a Government official he visited a town on the
+frontier through which the refugees released by Germany were returning
+to France.
+
+It seemed that during the month of September, 1914, the Germans had
+carried away a number of girls and young women in a village northeast of
+Luneville. When the French officials finished their inquiry as to the
+poor, broken creatures returning to France they found a French woman,
+clothed in rags, emaciated and sick unto death. In her arms she held a
+little babe a few weeks old. Its tiny wrists were scarcely larger than
+lead pencils. The child moaned incessantly. The mother was too thin and
+weak to do more than answer the simple questions as to her name, age,
+parents, and husband.
+
+Moved with the sense of compassion, the French official soon found in
+his index the name of her husband, the number of his company and
+telegraphed to the young soldier's superior officer, asking that the boy
+might be sent forward to the receiving station to take his wife back to
+some friend, since the Germans had destroyed his village. By some
+unfortunate blunder the officials gave no hint of the real facts in the
+case.
+
+Filled with high hope, burning with enthusiasm, exhaling a happiness
+that cannot be described, the bronzed farmer-soldier stepped down from
+the car to find the French official waiting to conduct him to one of the
+houses of refuge where his young wife was waiting.
+
+My American Red Cross friend witnessed the meeting between the girl and
+her husband. When the fine young soldier entered the room he saw a poor,
+broken, spent, miserable creature, too weak to do more than whisper his
+name. When the young man saw that tiny German babe in his young wife's
+arms he started as if he had been stung by a scorpion. Lifting his hands
+above his head, he uttered an exclamation of horror. In utter amazement
+he started back, overwhelmed with revulsion, anguish and terror.
+
+Gone--the beauty and comeliness of the young wife! Gone her health and
+allurement! Perished all her loveliness! Her garments were the garments
+of a scarecrow. Despite all these things the girl was innocent. But she
+realized her husband's horror and mistook it for disgust. She pitched
+forward unconscious upon the floor before her husband could reach her.
+
+The history of pain contains no more terrible chapter. That night the
+dying girl told the French officials and her husband the crimes and
+indignities to which she had been subjected. Two other babes had been
+born under German brutality, and both had died, even as this infant
+would die, and when a few days later her husband buried her he was
+another man. The iron in him had become steel. The blade of intellect
+had become a two-edged sword. His strength had become the strength of
+ten. He decided not to survive this war. Going back to the front, he
+consecrated his every day to one task--to kill Germans and save other
+women from the foulest degenerates that have ever cursed the face of the
+earth.
+
+
+8. An American Knight in France
+
+Coming around the corner of the street in a little French village near
+Toul, I beheld an incident that explained the all but adoring love
+given to our American boys by the French children. The women and the
+girls of that region had suffered unspeakable things at the hands of the
+German swine. Photographs were taken of the dead bodies of girls that
+can never be shown. The terror of the women at the very approach of the
+German was beyond all words. The very words "Les Boches" send the blood
+from the cheeks of the children. The women of the Dakotas on hearing
+that the Sioux Indians were on the war-path with their scalping knives
+were never so terrified as the French girls are on hearing the German
+soldiers are on the march. Even the little children have black rings
+under their eyes, with a strained, tense expression as they stand
+tremulous and ready to run.
+
+On the sidewalk near me was a little French girl of about six, with her
+little brother, perhaps four years of age. Suddenly around the corner
+came an American boy in khaki. He was swinging forward with step sure
+and alert. The children turned, but there was no terror in their eyes
+and no fear in their hearts. They did not know the American soldier;
+never before had they seen his face, but his khaki meant safety. It
+meant a shield lifted between the German monster and themselves.
+Forgetting everything, the little French girl started on a run towards
+the American soldier, while her little brother came hobbling after. She
+ran straight to the American boy, flung her arms around his legging,
+rubbed her cheek against his trousers and patted his knee with her
+little hands. A moment later when her little brother came up the
+American boy stooped down, lifted the boy and girl into his arms, and
+while they were screaming with delight carried them across to a little
+shop, and found for them two tiny little cakes of chocolate, the only
+sweet that could be had. The French children understand.
+
+The German motto was: "Frightfulness and terrorism are the very essence
+of our new warfare."
+
+Pershing's charge was: "You will protect all property, safeguard all
+lives, lift a shield above the aged, be most courteous to the women,
+most tender and gentle to the children."
+
+In France our boys have lifted a shield above the poor and the weak,
+and, having given service, they are receiving a degree of love beyond
+measure; but there is no danger that they will be spoiled by the
+adulation of the French women and children, who rank them with the
+knights and the heroes of old.
+
+
+9. An American Soldier's Grave in France
+
+One August morning I was in the wheat fields near Roye. Somewhere in
+that field the body of a noble American boy was lying. He was a graduate
+of the University of Virginia; his mother and his sister had a host of
+friends in my old home city, Chicago. Guided by a white-haired priest,
+out in the wheat we found at last a little mound with a part of a broken
+airplane lying thereupon. I pulled the rest of his machine upon his
+grave and learned that when the French boys picked him up they found
+that four explosive bullets had struck him while flying in the air after
+his victory over many German enemies.
+
+With my knife I cut a sheaf of golden grain and an armful of scarlet
+poppies and said a prayer for the boy and his mother and his sister.
+
+Standing there in the rain I wrote a letter to those who loved him,
+saying: "When you see this head of wheat, say to yourself 'One grain
+going into the ground shall in fifteen summers ripen into bread enough
+to feed sixteen hundred millions of the family of men.' When you look at
+this pressed poppy, say, 'His blood like red rain went to the root to
+make the flowers crimson and beautiful for all the world; soon the
+fields of France shall wave like a Garden of God, and peace and plenty
+shall dwell forever there. "Without shedding of blood there is no
+remission." Wine means the crushing of the grapes. At great price our
+fathers bought Liberty.'"
+
+Two thousand years ago Cicero, sobbing above the dead body of his
+daughter Tullia, exclaimed: "Is there a meeting place for the dead?"
+What becomes of our soldier boys who died on the threshold of life? This
+is life's hardest problem. Where is that young Tullia so dear to that
+gifted Roman orator? Where is that young musician Mozart? Where is young
+Keats? And where is Shelley? And where are young McConnell and Rupert
+Brooke and young Asquith? And ten thousand more of those young men with
+genius. Where also is that young Carpenter of Nazareth, dead at thirty
+years of age?
+
+The answer is in this: They have passed through the black waters and
+have come into the summer land. There they have been met by the heroes
+coming out with trumpets and banners to bring them into a world
+unstained by the smoke and din of battle. There they will write their
+books, invent their tools, complete their songs and guide the darkling
+multitudes who come in out of Africa, out of the islands of the sea,
+into the realm of perfect knowledge, love and peace.
+
+
+10. "These Flowers, Sir, I Will Lay Them Upon My Son's Grave"
+
+Last August, at an assembly in Paris, Ambassador Sharp held a little
+company spellbound, while he related several incidents of his
+investigations in the devastated region near Roye. One afternoon the
+captain stopped his military automobile upon the edge of what had once
+been a village. Surveyors were tracing the road and making measurements
+in the hope of establishing the former location of the cellar and the
+house that stood above it. An old gray-haired Frenchman had the matter
+in charge. He had lost the cellar of his house. Also, the trees that had
+stood upon his front sidewalk, also his vines and fruit trees. His story
+as stated by Ambassador Sharp was most pathetic. The old man had retired
+from business to the little town of his childhood. When it became
+certain that the Germans would take the village, the man pried up a
+stone slab in the sidewalk and buried his money, far out of sight. A
+long time passed by. When the Hindenburg plans were completed, the
+Germans made their retreat. Among other refugees who returned was the
+aged Frenchman. To his unbounded amazement the old man could not locate
+the site of his old home. In bombarding the little village, the Germans
+dropped huge shells. These shells fell into the cellar, and blew the
+brick walls away. Other shells fell in the front yard, and blew the
+trees out by the roots. Later other shells exploding blew dirt back into
+the other excavations. Little by little, the ground was turned into a
+mass of mud. Not a single landmark remained. Finally the old man
+conceived the idea of beginning back on the country road, and measuring
+what he thought would have been the distance to his garden. But even
+that device failed him. For the huge shells had blown the stone slab
+into atoms, scattered his buried treasure, and left the man in his old
+age penniless and heart-broken.
+
+Long ago Dumas represented the man who had taken too much wine as trying
+in vain to enter his own home, explaining to his inebriated friend that
+the keyhole was lost. But think of a cellar that is lost! Think of shade
+trees, whose very roots have disappeared! Think of a lovely little
+French garden with its roses and vines, and fruit trees, all gone! "Why,
+the very well was with difficulty located," said the Ambassador. But
+after all, the loss of buried treasure that could never be found is only
+a faint emblem of the loss of human bodies and human minds. Think of the
+soldiers who have returned to find that the young wife or daughter whom
+they loved has disappeared forever! And think of the wives and
+sweethearts who have received word from their officers that the great
+shell exploded and killed the lover, but that no fragment of his body
+could be found! During one day Mr. Chamberlain and myself were driven
+through twenty-four series of ruins, that once had been towns and
+villages, but where there was nothing left but cellars filled with
+twisted iron and blackened rafters. Already, men are anticipating the
+hour of victory and talking about the reconstruction of the devastated
+regions, the enforced service of a million German factories, building up
+what once they had torn down. But the restoring of houses, the
+restoration of factory and schoolhouse, of church and gallery, represent
+a material recovery. But the other day, a French woman was invited
+before the general who decorated the widow and praised her, returning to
+her the thanks of France, in that her last and seventh son had just been
+killed. Her response was one of the most moving things in history. "I
+have given France my all. These flowers, ah, sir, I have but one use for
+them. I will take them out, and lay them on my son's grave."
+
+
+11. The Courage of Clemenceau
+
+One Sunday afternoon, last August, in Paris, Alexandre, head of the Fine
+Arts Department of the Government, brought me an invitation from Rodin
+to visit his studio. We found the successor to Michael Angelo turning
+over in his hand an exquisite little head of Minerva, goddess of wisdom,
+carved with the perfection of a lily or a rose. "He is always studying
+something," exclaimed the author. But what Rodin wanted us to see was
+his head of Clemenceau. When the covering was lifted, there stood the
+very embodiment of the man who is supreme in France to-day,--Clemenceau.
+The sculptor's face kindled and lighted up. "The lion of France!" How
+massive the features! How glorious the neck and the shoulders!
+Clemenceau makes me think of a stag, holding the wolves at bay, while
+his herd finds safety in flight. He makes me think of the lion, roaring
+in defence of his whelps. Our descendants will say, of a truth there
+were giants in those days, and among the giants we must make a large
+place for Clemenceau.
+
+The invincible courage of Clemenceau is in the challenge he has just
+flung out to the enemies of France. Reduced to simple terms it comes to
+this,--"It is said that the Germans can get within bombing distance of
+Paris, or reach the capital, providing they are willing to pay the
+price. Well,--the Allies can break through the German line and gain the
+Rhine, providing they are willing to pay the price. To destroy Paris
+means a price of 750,000 Germans at least. The probabilities are that so
+heavy a price would mean a political revolution in Germany. But what if
+Ludendorff gets to Paris? Rome was twice destroyed, and later the city
+of brick was rebuilt as a city of marble. Nearly fifty years ago the
+people of Paris destroyed their own city, at an expense of hundreds of
+millions of francs. The motive back of the destruction was the desire to
+replace an old and ugly city by a new and the most beautiful city in the
+world. Fire destroyed Chicago, intellect rebuilt it,--earthquake and
+flame levelled San Francisco, courage restored the ruins. Enemies may
+destroy Paris, genius and French art and skill and industry and will,
+will replace it. Our eyes are fixed on the goal, namely, the crushing of
+Prussianism. What if Paris must decrease? It will only mean that
+civilization in France, and humanity, will increase." Reduced to the
+simplest terms, that is the substance of Clemenceau's appeal. Never was
+there courage more wonderful. Not even Leonidas at Thermopylae ever
+breathed nobler sentiments. That is why Paris is safe to-day. That is
+why France is secure. That is why we await with confidence and quietness
+the next great offensive for the Germans.
+
+In her darkest hour what France and the world needed was a hero, a man
+of oak and rock, a great heart, a lion,--and the world found such a man
+in Clemenceau. Nothing fascinates the listeners like tales of courage.
+Not even stories of love and eloquence have such a charm for children
+and youth. Many of us remember that in our childhood the crippled
+soldier of the Civil War became a living college, teaching bravery to
+the boys of the little town. For months Clemenceau has been going up and
+down France, heartening the people. This Prime Minister with his great
+massive head, the roaring voice, the clenched fist, is an exhilarating
+spectacle. That hero of Switzerland, William Tell, left behind him a
+tradition that it meant much to him to waken each morning and find Mont
+Blanc standing firm in its place. Not otherwise all patriots, soldiers,
+and lovers of their fellow men to-day can look on the great French
+statesman and patriot and gather comfort and courage from the fact that
+he still stands firmly in his place.
+
+
+
+
+OUR BRITISH ALLIES
+
+V
+
+
+1. "Gott Strafe England"--"and Scotland"
+
+At the crossroads near the city of Ypres is a sign-board giving the
+directions and the distances to various towns. One day the Germans
+captured that highway.
+
+There was a man in the company who had lived in some German-American
+city of the United States. He knew that but for England Germany would
+have gotten through to the Channel towns and looted Paris. Climbing up
+on the sign-board that German-American wrote in good plain English these
+words: "God ---- England!"
+
+That afternoon the Australian and the New Zealand army pushed the
+Germans back and recaptured the highway. Among other soldiers was a
+Scotsman named Sandy.
+
+He read the sign, "God ---- England!" with ever increasing anger.
+Finally he flung his arms and legs around the sign-post, pulled himself
+up to the top and, while his companions watched him, they saw him do a
+most amazing thing.
+
+They were cheering him because they expected him to rub out the word
+"England." But not Sandy! Holding on by his left hand, with his right
+Sandy added to the words "God ---- England!" these words, "and
+Scotland."
+
+He felt that it was an outrage that Scotland should be overlooked in any
+good thing. Blessed was the people who had won the distinction of being
+hated by the German, and therefore Sandy added the words "and Scotland"!
+
+Now Scotland deserved that high praise. When the historian comes to
+write the full story of this great war it will make a large place for
+the words "and Scotland." Wonderful the heroism of the British army!
+Marvellous their achievements! But who is at the head of it? A great
+Scotsman, Sir Douglas Haig.
+
+What stories fill the pages of the achievements of English sailors ever
+since the days of Nelson, standing on the deck of the _Victory_, down to
+the battle of Jutland! But that gallant Scot, Admiral Beatty, holds the
+centre of the stage to-day. There came a critical moment also when a man
+of intellect and a great heart must represent Great Britain in her
+greatest crisis in the United States, and in that hour they sent a
+Scotsman, Arthur James Balfour, philosopher, metaphysician, theologian,
+statesman, diplomat and seer.
+
+And what shall one more say save that the finances of this war have been
+controlled by a Scotch Chancellor of the Exchequer, and her railways
+organized by a Scotch inventor. Wonderful the achievements of
+England--that "dear, dear land." Marvellous the contribution of Wales,
+through men like the Prime Minister, Lloyd George!
+
+Who can praise sufficiently the heroes of Canada, Australia and New
+Zealand? In Ireland, for the moment, things are in a muddle. "What is
+the trouble with the Emerald Isle?" was the question, to which the
+Irishman made instant reply: "Oh, in South Ireland we are all Roman
+Catholics, and in North Ireland we are all Protestants, and I wish to
+heaven we were all agnostics, and then we could live together like
+Christians."
+
+But Ireland will soon iron out her troubles. To the achievements of the
+various people of the great British Empire let us make a large place for
+the contributions of Scotland. The Germans hate with a deadly hatred any
+country and any race that has stopped them in their headlong career
+towards crime.
+
+But the next time that a German-American has gone back to Berlin and has
+reached the western front and puts up a sign reading "Gott strafe
+England" let him not fail to add these words, "and Scotland."
+
+
+2. "England Shall Not Starve"
+
+Despite all warnings, rumours, and alarms, no dire peril known to
+passengers disturbed our voyage. The nearest approach came on a morning
+when the ship was two hundred miles off the coast of Ireland.
+
+The steamer was making a letter S and constantly zigzagging, when
+suddenly the lookout called down that there was a rowboat dead ahead.
+With instant decision the officer changed the ship's course and we
+passed the life-boat a half mile upon our right.
+
+The usual rumour started up and down the deck that there were dead
+bodies in the boat, but the petty officer answered my question by saying
+that it was 2,000 lives against one possible life that every drifting
+boat must be looked upon as a German decoy; that if the steamer stopped
+to send sailors with a life-boat to investigate it would simply give a
+German submarine a chance to come up with torpedoes. At that very moment
+one of the men beside the gun sighted a periscope and a moment later the
+gun roared and then boomed a second time and then a third. Because the
+object disappeared, all passengers said it was a submarine, but the
+officers said it was a piece of driftwood, tossed up on the crest of a
+wave.
+
+That night, on deck, a close friend of the purser came for an hour's
+walk around the deck. The memory of those three shots rested heavily
+upon his mind.
+
+It seemed that some months before he had been a purser on an East Indian
+liner. On the home voyage, twenty-four hours after they left Cairo, when
+well out into the Mediterranean, this officer went below for an hour's
+rest. Suddenly a torpedo struck the steamer. The force of the explosion
+literally blew the purser out of his berth. Grabbing some clothes, he
+ran through the narrow passageway, already ankle deep in rushing water.
+The great ship carried several thousand soldiers and a few women who
+were coming home from India or from Egypt. Despite the fact that all
+realized the steamer would go down within a few minutes, there was no
+confusion and the soldiers lined up as if on parade.
+
+The boat went down in about eight minutes, but every one of the women
+and children had on their life-preservers and were given first places in
+the life-boats that had not been ruined by the explosion.
+
+The purser said that he decided to jump from the deck and swim as far as
+possible from the steamer, but despite his struggles he was drawn under
+and came up half unconscious to find himself surrounded with swimming
+men and sinking rowboats that were being shelled by the German
+submarine. Suddenly a machine-gun bullet passed through his right
+shoulder and left an arm helpless. For half an hour he lay with his left
+arm upon a floating board, held up by his life-preserver. The submarine
+had disappeared. At distances far removed were three of the ship's
+boats and one raft. It was plain that there was no help in sight.
+
+Near him was a woman, to whom he called. The purser told the woman that
+he had been shot in the right arm and could not help her nor come near
+to her. She answered that it was good to hear his voice.
+
+The water was very cold. He began to be alarmed and reasoned as to
+whether the cold water would not stay the bleeding. From time to time he
+would call out to the woman to keep up hope and courage and not to
+struggle, but at last he saw she was exhausted. With infinite effort,
+swimming with his left arm, he managed to draw near to her.
+
+"Is drowning very painful?" the woman asked.
+
+"No," answered the officer. "Once the water rushes into the lungs one
+smothers."
+
+To which the English girl answered, "Then I think I will not wait any
+longer. Good-bye! Good luck!"
+
+Utterly exhausted she let her head fall over and in a moment the
+life-preserver was on the top and that was all that he saw.
+
+"The next thing I remember," said the officer, "was waking up to find a
+nurse trying to pour a stimulant down my throat."
+
+A destroyer had come up in response to the signals for help and picked
+up the survivors.
+
+For months he was in the hospital before he could be carried to England.
+Even now he was not able to lift a hat from his head with his right arm,
+but he could write a little. This was his first voyage to test his
+strength to prove to the Government that he could take his old task as
+purser.
+
+"How did you feel, purser, when you heard that cannon roar this morning
+against that submarine?"
+
+You should have seen the fire flash in the man's eyes.
+
+"How did I feel?" answered the officer. "I felt like a race-horse
+snuffing the battle from afar. Let them sink this ship--I will take
+another. Let them sink every steamer, I'll take a sailing vessel. Let
+them sink all our sailing vessels, we will betake ourselves to tugs.
+
+"We have 5,000 steamers that come and go between any Sunday and Sunday.
+Some are old cattle-boats, some are sea tramps and some are ocean
+hounds. They have carried 10,000,000 men and 20,000,000 tons of war
+materials, and 8,000,000 tons of iron ore and $3,000,000,000 worth of
+goods.
+
+"We have lent six hundred ships to France and four hundred ships to
+Italy. Our ancestors smashed the Spanish Armada. Our grandfathers
+baffled Napoleon and their sons defy the Hun and his submarine.
+
+"When I go down my son will take my place. When Germany beats England
+there will not be an Englishman left to tell how it happened."
+
+Then, leaning over the railing of the ship, the officer pointed to the
+setting sun, and lo, right out of the sea, sailing into our sight, came
+a fleet of English merchantmen, laden with wheat, and the purser said:
+
+"By God's help, England shall not starve."
+
+
+3. German-Americans Who Vilify England
+
+The biography of Grant holds many exciting incidents. One of them
+concerns a spy who nearly wrecked Grant's plans. It seems that a rumour
+came saying that Sheridan had been defeated at Winchester. A telegram
+came a few minutes later saying that Sheridan was recovering from the
+disaster. Meanwhile, Grant noticed one of his young assistants was
+endeavouring in vain to conceal his pleasure over the news of Sheridan's
+defeat. That feeling seemed inexplicable to Grant. The Commander-in-Chief
+had three armies--Sherman's in the South, Sheridan's in the Valley of
+the Shenandoah, and his own army of the Potomac. How could a young aide
+rejoice over Sheridan's defeat without down in his heart wanting Grant
+defeated, the Union destroyed, and secession made a success? Grant
+became more and more alarmed. He told one of his associates to follow
+this youth, whom he feared was a spy. Shortly afterwards the man was
+discovered sending signals, was tried, the proofs of his treason
+uncovered, and finally he was executed.
+
+To-day certain German-Americans never tire of announcing their
+Americanism. Their favourite expression is: "Germany was the Fatherland,
+but the United States is the wife." Not daring, therefore, to attack our
+Government, afraid to confess that they want Germany to succeed, and
+when that time comes expect to hold certain offices under Germany, they
+spend all their time vilifying Great Britain. There is one absolute and
+invariable test of the German-American's treason to this country, and
+that is bitterness towards England, because England is doing all she can
+to prevent Germany's victory. One thing has saved this country during
+four years, giving us a chance to prepare--Great Britain's fleet,
+holding Germany's battle-ships behind the Kiel Canal. To-day our
+Republic is defended by three armies--General Pershing's, Marshal Foch's
+and Marshal Haig's. But whenever a German-American vilifies Haig and
+attacks England you may know that down in his heart he wants Pershing
+defeated, the United States conquered, and Germany made victorious. The
+German-American who vilifies Great Britain is angry because Great
+Britain has prevented Germany from loading a million German veterans
+upon her six or eight thousand passenger ships, freight ships, sailing
+vessels and war fleet, and sailing to New York and assessing fifty
+billion dollars indemnity upon us.
+
+In a certain Western State a German professor of electricity resigned
+from his institution. He was receiving about $3,000 a year. Many months
+passed by. One day this man was heard defaming England. "England has
+destroyed the freedom of the seas. England controls Gibraltar and the
+Suez Canal. England is the great land pirate. England is the world
+butcher." A Secret Service man followed the German professor, and found
+that he was working as fireman at the wireless station of that great
+city. This German professor of electricity had resigned a $3,000 a year
+position to work for $75 a month as fireman. As soon as he found that
+the United States Government was upon his track he fled to Mexico. This
+spy's camouflage was love for the United States, but his treason was
+revealed through his hatred of England. That man should have been
+arrested at dark, tried at midnight, and shot at daybreak.
+
+There is a newspaper reporter in this country. This German-American was
+caught by a trick. Another reporter faked a story, writing out on his
+typewriter an account of several German submarines getting into the
+harbour of Liverpool and blowing up half a dozen English steamers and
+killing several thousand Englishmen, and this German-American reporter
+lifted his hands into the air in glee, and in the presence of half a
+dozen fellow reporters shouted: "I knew it! I knew it! I knew the
+Germans would smash Hades out of them!" In that moment he revealed his
+real attitude towards the United States. Any man that wants Admiral
+Beatty defeated wants the American transports sunk and American soldiers
+murdered. That reporter should also have been arrested at dark, tried at
+midnight, and shot at daybreak.
+
+In another city there is a young Irish writer. He fulfills all the
+proverbs about the crazy Irishman. In connection with the Sinn Fein
+conspiracy this young writer proposed a toast to the memory of Sir Roger
+Casement, the success of the revolution, and poured forth such
+bitterness upon England as cannot be described by those who hate
+ingratitude towards a country that has given us a chance to prepare.
+Wherever that man goes he carries hate with him towards Great Britain.
+His atmosphere is malign; his presence breathes treason towards England.
+That is another man who should have been arrested at dark, tried at
+midnight, and shot at daybreak. No man can serve God and Mammon. No man
+can be faithful to the United States who hates England and loves
+Germany. He must love the one and hate the other; he must hold to the
+one and despise the crimes of the other. No man can serve God and the
+Allies, Germany and the devil, at one and the same time.
+
+
+4. British vs. American Girls in Munition Factories
+
+To-morrow morning at eight o'clock one million British girls will enter
+the munition and related factories. To-morrow afternoon at four o'clock
+another million girls will enter the same factories, to be followed at
+midnight by the third shift of women.
+
+These factories average forty feet wide, and end to end would be 100
+feet in length. The roar of the machinery is never silent by day or
+night.
+
+In one factory I saw a young woman who was closely related, through her
+grandfather, to a man in the House of Lords. Her arms were black with
+machine oil, her hair was under a rubber cover, she wore bloomers. Her
+task was pouring two tons of molten steel into the shell moulds. The
+great shells passed from the hands of one girl to another until the
+fiftieth girl, 1,500 feet away, finished the threads into which the
+cap's screw was fastened.
+
+Every twenty-four hours these women turn out more small calibre
+cartridges than all England did the first year of this war. Every
+forty-eight hours they turn out more large cartridges than all England
+did the first year of this war. Every six days, with the help of men not
+fit for the battle front, they turn out more heavy cannon than all
+England did the first year of this war.
+
+They have sent 17,000,900 tons of ammunition to the front. Their shells
+are roaring on five battle fronts in three continents. When the British
+boys thrust their huge shells into the cannon these boys literally
+receive the shells at the hands of the millions of English girls who are
+passing them forward.
+
+Wonderful the heroism of the British soldiers! The reason why the men
+fight well at the front is because there are women at home worth
+fighting for. In all ages battles have been won, partly by the strong
+arm of the soldier, but chiefly by the heart that nerves the arm. That
+is why John Ruskin once said that "the woman in the rear generally wins
+the victory at the front."
+
+It stirs one's sense of wonder to find that all classes and all social
+conditions are represented in these factories. Thousands of young
+school-teachers have left the schoolroom behind, closed the book and
+desk and gone to the factory. Tens of thousands of young wives and
+mothers have left their little children with the grandmother. Many
+rectors and clergymen and priests, unfit for service at the front by
+reason of age, work all day long in the munition factory. Many a
+professional man crowds his work in the office that he may reach the
+factory for at least a few hours' work upon shot and shell.
+
+One day in France, as I was entering the factory, I saw perhaps twenty
+young women come out, hurry across the street to a building where two
+old crippled soldiers were taking care of the little children. These
+young mothers nursed their babes, looked after the other children and
+then hurried back to the factory. Every minute was precious; every day
+was big with destiny. Their young husbands and brothers and lovers, when
+the German push came, must have their cartridges and shells ready and in
+abundance.
+
+Watching these women with their strained, anxious faces--women who cut
+each thread in the shell with the accuracy of the expert--you could see
+the lips of the woman murmuring, and needed no confession from her that
+she was silently praying for the man who would use this weapon to defend
+her beloved France, her aged mother and her little child.
+
+When the beast is slain and the Potsdam gang tried and executed for
+their crimes, and the boys come home with trumpets and banners, the
+ovations will be for the soldiers; but after the soldiers have had their
+parade and their honour and their ovation on the first day of the
+triumph, there should be a second great parade, in which, while the
+soldiers stand on the streets and observe, and the merchants and working
+men and the professional classes stand as spectators, down the street
+shall march the munition girls, who fashioned the weapons with which the
+soldiers slew the common enemy.
+
+For while the boys at the front have defended liberty the girls at home
+have armed the soldiers. Neither one without the other could have made
+the world safe for democracy.
+
+Through the imagination these women have a right, while they toil, to
+watch the shell complete their work. The smith who forges the chain for
+the ship's anchor has a right to exult when he looks out through his
+imagination upon the great boat held firm by his chain in the hour when
+the storm threatened to hurl the craft upon the rocks. The inventor has
+a right to say: "That granary full of wheat is mine; I invented the
+reaper." The physician has a right to rejoice over the battle and
+victory over the youth whose life was saved by the surgeon's skill. Not
+otherwise, the munition girl has a right when the long day of battle is
+over to say: "I safeguarded that cottage; I lifted a shield above that
+little child; I built a wall against the cathedral and the gallery and
+the homes of yonder city."
+
+For American girls of vision there is nothing that they so much desire
+as the immediate condemnation by our Government of 10,000
+luxury-producing plants in this country, which should immediately be
+taken over by our Government for munition purposes, and before the
+daybreak of the first morning there would be ten million American girls
+standing before the doors, trying to break their way in to obtain a
+chance to fashion the shells that would protect American boys in danger
+at the front.
+
+
+5. The Wolves' Den on Vimy Ridge
+
+The bloodiest battle of 1917 was fought on the slopes of Vimy Ridge.
+That ridge is seven and a half miles long and is shaped like a dog's
+hind leg. Lifted up to an elevation of several hundred feet, the hill
+not only commands an outlook upon the German lines eastward, but
+protects the great plains that slope westward towards the English
+Channel.
+
+To hold that ridge the Germans constructed a vast system of trenches,
+barbed wire barriers, Portland cement pill-boxes and underneath the
+ridge, at a depth of sixty feet, they made their prisoners dig a gallery
+seven and a half miles long, with rooms for the officers opening out on
+either side of the long passageways.
+
+One morning the Canadian troops started up the long sloping hillside,
+under skies that rained cartridges, shells and gas bombs. So terrific
+was the machine-gun fire that some cartridges cut trees in two as if
+they had been cut with a saw, while others did not so much strike the
+Canadian boys as cut their bodies into two parts.
+
+Lying upon their faces they crawled up the hillside, cutting the wires
+as they crept forward. Not until the second afternoon did the shattered
+remnants reach the German trench that crowned the hillcrest. Then they
+plunged down into the trench, while the Germans rushed down the long
+stairs into the underground chamber and fled through the lower openings
+of their long gallery northward towards safety.
+
+Not until the Canadian officers led us into one of those German chambers
+did we understand the black tragedy. The room was shell-proof. The soft
+yellow clay was shored up by rough boards. All around the walls were
+bunks. In that chamber the German officers had kept the captive French
+and Belgian girls. There were two cupboards standing against the wall.
+One was made of rough boards; the other was a large, exquisitely carved
+walnut bureau for girls' garments. When the German officers fled from
+the trench above they had just time to escape to the lower shell-proof
+rooms, grab some of the treasure and flee. Unwilling to give these
+captive girls their freedom, since they could not have the girls they
+determined that their French and Belgian fathers and sweethearts should
+not recover them.
+
+There was just time during the excitement of the flight to unlock the
+door, rush in and send a bullet through each young woman. A few minutes
+later the Canadian boys swarmed through the long connecting chambers and
+side rooms.
+
+In one of those rooms they found these young women now dead or dying.
+Gas bombs had already been flung down and the rooms were foul with
+poisoned air. Protected by their masks the Canadian boys had time to
+pick up these girls and carry them up the steps into the open air, where
+they laid them down on the grass in the open sunshine. But help came too
+late. Beginning with an attempt to murder the souls of the girls the
+German officers had ended by slaying their bodies.
+
+An officer saw to it that the official photographer kept the record of
+the faces of these dead girls. Once they must have been divinely
+beautiful, for all were lovely beyond the average. One could understand
+the pride and joy of a father or lover when he looked upon the young
+girl's face. The slender body made one think of the tall lily stem,
+crowned with that flower named the face and glorious head. Strangely
+enough they seemed to sleep as if peace had come, after long pain.
+Plainly death had been longed for.
+
+Weeks passed by. The photographs of the dead girls were shown in the
+hope that if possible word might reach their parents, but no friend had
+been found to recognize them. One day a Canadian officer, making slow
+recovery in a hospital near the coast, was asked by his nurse for the
+photograph.
+
+It seemed there was a Belgian woman working in the hospital. Her village
+had been entirely destroyed. Her home was gone and all whom she loved
+had disappeared. By some accident the Red Cross nurse remembered this
+photograph and decided to show it to the Belgian woman who had passed so
+swiftly from abundance and happiness to the utmost of poverty and
+heart-break. Almost unwillingly at first the woman looked at the print.
+A moment later she held the picture out at arm's length, rose to her
+feet, then drew it to her lips and hugged it to her breast.
+
+With streaming eyes she almost shouted, "Thank God! Julia is dead!
+Thank God! Julia is dead! Now I know there is a God in Israel, for Julia
+is dead, is dead--is dead! Thank God! Thank God!"
+
+Though for a long time the doves had been in the clutches of the German
+hawks; though for a long time the lambs had been in the jaws of the
+German wolves; when all else failed death came and released the lovely
+girls from the clutch of German assassins.
+
+
+6. "Why Did You Leave Us in Hell for Two Years?"
+
+For British soldiers it had been a long trying day on Messines Ridge.
+For many nights the boys had been coming up towards the front trenches.
+The next morning at 3:50 they were to go "over the top"; a feat which
+they accomplished, driving in a mile and a half deep, on a long, long
+line, only to be stopped by four days and nights of rain that drowned
+the trenches and drove them back out of the flooded valley to the
+hillside. Because the Germans knew what must come the next day, the
+German cannon were trying to bomb out the British guns.
+
+That night--tired out--we drove back eighteen miles behind the line for
+one good night's sleep. After dinner an English lieutenant told me this
+tragic tale:
+
+"It was an April night last spring. All day the wind and fog and rain
+had been coming in from the North Sea. The chill and damp went into the
+very marrow of the bones. When night fell a few of us officers crept
+down the long stair into a shell-proof room. There we had our pipes and
+gossiped about the events of the day and talked with the French captain,
+our guest, who was spending a week studying our sector. Finally the time
+came when we must go back into the trench to take our turn in the rain.
+
+"We were putting on our raincoats, when in my happiness I said, 'Well,
+men, you should congratulate me. One week from to-night I shall not be
+here in this rain and mud. I shall be home in England and have my little
+wife and my baby girl. Just one week! It seems like seven eternities
+instead of seven days and nights!'
+
+"I little dreamed the little tragedy that I had precipitated. My colonel
+was very kind. He told me that he would have his permission in three
+more months. The rest of the boys also said nice things. Suddenly we
+realized that the French captain was acting very strangely and saying
+excited things with his back towards us. We did not know how we had
+insulted him, nor could we understand what had happened. Finally my
+colonel said to him:
+
+"'Captain, I hope you will have your vacation soon and have a chance to
+go home and see your family.'
+
+"He turned on us like a crazy man. He put his fists in the air, he half
+shouted and half sobbed at us.
+
+"'How do you men dare talk to me about going home? Your land has never
+been invaded, nor your families ruined. Home! How can I go home? The
+Germans have had my town for a year. In their retreat they carried away
+my little girl and my young wife, and now the priest has gotten word to
+me that in six weeks my little girl and my young wife will both have
+babes by the German beast who carried them off.'
+
+"And then the Frenchman cursed God and cursed the devil! Cursed the
+Kaiser and cursed the Fatherland. Oh, it was so terrible. Doctor, I
+often wonder how Americans could have left the women and girls of
+Belgium and France in hell for two and a half years, while you men
+stood in safety and in peace."
+
+The historian will find it hard to answer that question. History will
+have it to say that England was the good Samaritan who helped the
+Belgians who had fallen among thieves, while Americans were among those
+who passed by on the other side.
+
+
+7. "This War Will End Within Forty Years"
+
+A New Zealand officer was giving directions to a group of his soldiers.
+They were in the field at the foot of Bapaume. The immediate task was
+that of cutting and rolling up the barbed wire. In that territory the
+Germans had left trenches foul with fever, wells filled with the corpses
+of men and horses, springs polluted with every form of filth, but worst
+of all, the barbed wire entanglements. Every sharp point was covered
+with rust and threatened lockjaw. Looking in every direction, the whole
+land was yellow with the barbed wire. The work was dangerous. The
+rebound of the wire threatened the eye with its vision, threatened the
+face and the hand, and all the soldiers were in a mood of rebellion. In
+an angry mood, the officer exclaimed, "There are a hundred million miles
+of German barbed wire in France!"
+
+And when later I asked the first lieutenant how long this war would
+last, he made the instant answer, "This war will continue forty years
+more! One year for the fighting, and thirty-nine years to roll up the
+wire."
+
+Because every soldier at the front hated the wire entanglements, that
+bright sentence ran up and down the entire line from Belgium to the
+Swiss frontier. And for men of experience there is more truth in the
+statement than one would at first blush think. It will take one more
+year for the fighting, but it will take thirty-nine years more to grow
+the shade trees. Five centuries ago the French began to develop the love
+of the beautiful. On either side of the roads running across the land
+they planted two rows of poplars, oaks or elms. When long time had
+passed the fame of the French roads and the shade trees went out into
+all the earth. Under these trees the French farmer stopped his cart, fed
+his horses and refreshed himself beneath the shade. Under these trees
+the old men at the end of their career rested themselves, and gossiped
+about old friends that had gone.
+
+And when the German found he could not hold the land and enjoy the shade
+trees, the splendid orchards, the purple vineyards, he determined that
+the Frenchman should not have them, and so he lifted the axe upon every
+peach and pear, plum and grape, cherry and gooseberry tree. Perhaps it
+was as black a crime to murder the land as it was to murder the bodies
+of the farmers, since the soul is immortal.
+
+"One more year of fighting and thirty-nine years" not to roll up the
+wire, but to rebuild the cathedrals and churches, the colleges and
+universities, the halls of science, the temples of art, the mills for
+the weaving of cotton and linen and wool, and above all for the
+rebuilding of the railways, the reconstruction of the canals and the
+bridges, great and small. But the most grievous loss is the human loss.
+Think of 1,500,000 crippled heroes and poor wounded invalids in the land
+of France alone! Think of another 1,500,000 young widows, or lovers and
+mothers! Gone the young men who promised so great things for the French
+essay, the French poem, for the paintings and the bronzes! Dead the
+young lawyers, physicians and educators! Gone the young farmers and
+husbandmen! Perished 1,000,000 old people and 500,000 little children,
+all dead of heart-break. The German beast has been in the land. Like a
+wolf leaping into the sheepfold to tear the throats of the young lambs
+and the mother ewes.
+
+What! Thirty-nine years more to recover ruined France and Belgium,
+Poland and Rumania? France will never be the same again. The scar of the
+beast will abide. That is why no man of large mind and great heart will
+ever make friends with a soldier from Germany, will ever buy an article
+of German stamp, so long as he lives, will ever read another German
+book, or support another German business. It is our duty to forgive the
+transgressor who is repentant, but it is a crime to forget the
+unspeakable atrocities, the devilish cruelties of the German Kaiser, the
+German War Staff and the German army, with its 10,000,000 criminals.
+
+
+8. "Why Are We Outmanned by the Germans?"
+
+Many thoughtful men have lingered long over the despatches announcing
+that Great Britain called thirty thousand farmers to the trenches, thus
+threatening the loss of a part of her harvest. One of the British
+editors and statesmen explains this event by the frank statement that
+for the moment the Allies are outmanned, and will be until another
+million Americans reach France. Many men are puzzled to understand what
+this means, but the explanation is very simple. The combined population
+of Germany, Austria, Hungary and Bulgaria is not far from 140,000,000.
+To this must be added seventy millions of conquered and impressed
+peoples of Belgium, Poland, Rumania, with the Baltic provinces of
+Russia, Ukraine and other regions. Over against this population stands
+the 125,000,000 living in Great Britain, France, Italy, Canada,
+Australia, New Zealand and the English people of South Africa, and
+India, and the Isles of the Sea. Concede, therefore, that the army of
+six millions of Allies are over against six millions of Germans. Why are
+we outmanned?
+
+Back of that British editor-statesman's statement lies a most dramatic
+fact. Our Allies keep their treaties, and will not use German prisoners
+to fight against their brothers. Therefore the six million of Allies'
+soldiers have no support behind them. But the Germans impress all
+conquered peoples and lifted into the air if the observer had a glass
+powerful enough, he would behold back of the German six millions another
+six millions of impressed prisoners and conquered peoples, who support
+the German army. These men, driven forward by an automatic pistol and
+the rifle, work within half a mile of the rear German trench. They dig
+ditches, fill shell holes, repair roads, bring up burdens, care for the
+horses, scrub the mud from the wagons, and the slightest neglect of the
+task means that they are shot down by the German guards. All this
+releases the German soldier from the deadly work that breaks the nerve,
+and unfits a man to go over the top. That means that the German soldier
+can fight eight hours, and have sixteen for rest and recreation.
+
+But over against this German army fighting eight hours, with the deadly
+work wrought by several million of impressed servants and slaves, stands
+the Allied army. But our men after eight hours of active service must
+then begin to dig ditches, fill shell holes, repair bridges, clean the
+mud from the wagons, bring up the munitions, and this deadly work for
+eight hours, added to their eight hours of active service, means only
+eight hours for sleep and recovery, while the German has sixteen hours
+off duty for recovery and sleep. The Allies keep their treaties, and do
+not ask a German prisoner to fight against his brother. The Allies obey
+the laws of right and wrong, but the Ten Commandments are a great
+handicap in time of war. Is there any one who supposes that six million
+of Allied soldiers, working sixteen hours a day, are as fresh and as fit
+as six million Germans, working only eight hours a day? That is why the
+situation is so perilous. Fortunately victories are not won by muscle
+without but by the soul within. The sense of justice in the heart lends
+a form of omnipotence to a youth. In a moral universe, therefore, we
+must win. The great problem is, how to carry on until we can get another
+million Americans across to France, with full equipment, and fifty
+thousand aeroplanes.
+
+
+
+
+"OVER HERE"
+
+VI
+
+
+1. The Redemption of a Slacker
+
+Out on the Ohio River there is a large steel town. During the last few
+years many foreigners who have the Bolsheviki spirit have crossed the
+ocean and found work in the great shops and factories. Little by little
+the foreign newspapers have developed the spirit that has now ruined
+Russia, and is here under the American name of the I. W. W. movement. In
+this steel city was an anarchist, with real power to move the mobs. The
+mere mention of the name of Carnegie or Rockefeller was to him like
+waving a red flag in the face of a bull. In the evenings it was his
+custom to climb upon a box at the corner of the street, close to a
+little park, and tell his hearers that all the wealth in the rich man's
+house was created by the workman's muscle. He made no allowance for the
+inventor, for the organizer, for the risks taken by the man who built a
+factory. A few weeks ago this anarchist laid down a newspaper,
+containing an account of the trial of the I. W. W. leaders in Chicago.
+That night, becoming alarmed, lest he himself be caught in the drag-net,
+and perhaps forced to enlist as an enemy alien, this agitator
+disappeared, leaving behind him his board bill, laundry bill, tailor's
+bill, not to mention many other forms of indebtedness--a disappearance
+that led every one of his creditors to give up any and all faith in the
+American Bolsheviki movement.
+
+Now there was a young boy of about twenty-three who had long been
+listening to this agitator. When, therefore, the second night after the
+anarchist's disappearance came, this young man, who aspired himself to
+be a leader of the mob, climbed up on the soap box, at the corner of the
+little park, and began to speak to the same old crowd.
+
+"Think of it, my friends! Just think of it! Think of some soldier coming
+in here and making me enlist! I have no grudge against the Germans. I
+don't want to kill them. My forefathers were all German! My name is
+German. And I am an American all right, all right! Still, I don't
+propose to have anybody tell me what I must do. If I want to enlist, I
+will enlist, and if I don't, I won't! I'd like to see some Government
+agent come along and grab me for the draft! When he comes, he'll hear a
+few things from me, and then some!"
+
+At that point a man lifted up his hand and said: "Now you may stop right
+there!" Throwing back his coat collar, he showed a little metal badge.
+Climbing up on the box, the stranger took the young anarchist by his
+shoulder and half choked him, saying: "So you want to have the people
+see some one take you to the draft office? Well," said the officer,
+"now's the time for them to see him, and I'm the man. And you people,"
+he went on, "just take a good look at this fellow. It'll be the last
+chance you're going to have, for he will be in jail to-night, and
+to-morrow we will decide whether or not he has been opposing the draft.
+If he has, he stands a good chance of being shot." Blowing a little
+whistle, the officer dragged the young anarchist to the edge of the
+street, half lifted and half kicked him into the police wagon, which
+soon disappeared. The enemy aliens who remained behind were stupefied,
+partly with astonishment and partly with terror. Aliens began to say,
+"What will come next?" That night a number more of pro-Germans
+disappeared from this town with its steel mills.
+
+The next morning, at ten o'clock, the officer entered the jail. "Get a
+move on you, young man!" he said brusquely. "You're going up to the
+court to be examined to see whether you are a slacker or a traitor. In
+the one case you will be interned and in the other case you will be
+hanged or shot."
+
+The young anarchist was on his feet in a moment. "But, officer, aren't
+you going to give me a chance to enlist?"
+
+"Young man, this Government does not want traitors to enlist, nor
+pro-Germans."
+
+"I am not a pro-German this morning," cried the excited man. "I have
+thought the whole thing over last night. I did not sleep a wink. I think
+this Government is the best government in the world. And I am willing to
+fight for it."
+
+The officer was astounded. "Well, my young enemy," he exclaimed, "a
+dungeon seems to have had a good effect upon your mind. What has
+regenerated you? Was it the cold water or the corn bread? Or the steel
+door before your dungeon? Or was it the bad air in your cell? Or
+possibly it was the fear of death, or God Almighty, or future
+punishment. Come now, out with it!"
+
+It was a thoroughly frightened boy who stood half an hour later in the
+prisoner's dock. "Give me some book on the Government of the United
+States," he exclaimed to the judge. "And give me a week in which to show
+that I am in earnest, and I will then volunteer." The judge was very
+grave. "Young man," he said sternly, "any boy that will eat the bread of
+the United States, that will enjoy the liberty of this country, and has
+had all the chances to climb to place that have come to you, and refuses
+to enlist, has something wrong with him, and it is only a question of
+time when he comes to the judgment day." To this the young man made the
+answer that he had been lazy, careless and ignorant; that he had allowed
+himself to become the tool of the runaway agitator, and then once more
+he asked that he might have a chance to enlist. With the help of
+friends, the judge and the draft board finally let him off and sent him
+to a camp for three months' intensive training. Then came the news that
+his company had been sent over seas, and within a short time thereafter
+in the list of casualties the name of this young foreigner appeared.
+But one letter reached this country, and that letter was notable for
+this sentence: "For the first time in my life I have had young Americans
+for my companions. The boys in my company have had a college education
+and they have taught me bravery, truth, self-sacrifice, kindness and
+chivalry. I have learned more in two months at the camp than in all the
+rest of my life put together. The companionship in my company and in my
+camp have saved my soul." It is this that explains the redemption of the
+slacker.
+
+
+2. Slackers versus Heroes
+
+Going through the long communication trench, between the ruined city of
+Rheims and an observation lookout, with its view of the German front
+trench, we passed several soldiers digging an opening in the soft white
+marl, into a parallel trench. The captain in charge called my attention
+to a French poilu. His hair was quite black, save for the half inch next
+to the scalp and that was white as snow. If one had lifted up his hair
+and estimated his age by the last two inches of the jet locks the poilu
+would have been about thirty-five, but the hair, pure white at the
+roots, and a glance at his face told us that he was fifty-five to sixty.
+
+"He passed inspection," said the captain, "by dyeing his hair, and
+several weeks ago he broke the bottle of dye. Now he is half scared to
+death for fear he will be thrown out, because he is at the beginning of
+old age. Still I have no better soldier, no stronger, braver man. But I
+am hoping much from a friend in Epernay, to whom I sent for a bottle of
+black hair dye."
+
+So long as the Frenchmen have that spirit France will never be defeated.
+
+Many weeks ago I was in a manufacturing town near Pittsburgh. The wind
+was sharp and chill. All overcoats were turned up at the collar. On a
+box stood a young Australian lieutenant. His cheeks held two fiery
+spots. He was telling the story of the second battle of Ypres. While he
+talked you walked with him the streets of the doomed city, you heard the
+crash of the great shells as they smashed through the public buildings;
+you witnessed the burning of the Cloth Hall and shivered as the noble
+structure fell. One laughed with him in his moments of humour and wept
+over the sorrows of the refugees. He pleaded with the Welshmen and the
+Cornishmen, and told them that the motherland was bleeding to death and
+that now every boy counted. He flogged his hearers, scoffed at them,
+praised them, wept, laughed, reviled, transformed and finally conquered
+them.
+
+At the close, shaking hands with him, lo! he was burning with fever,
+with skin hot and dry. "Lieutenant, you should be at the hotel, in bed.
+You will kill yourself speaking in this cold air."
+
+"Well," he answered, "there are plenty of our boys who are perfectly
+sound who will be killed inside of three months. I have the t. b.,
+(tuberculosis), but I believe that I can pull through a year. I have
+enlisted over one hundred coal miners from Wales and iron-workers from
+Cornwall. I am willing to die for the motherland, after a year of t. b.,
+since my pals will be dead within three months through bullets. And when
+I die I want to die with the consciousness that I have kept my manhood."
+
+I left that poor, wounded, half-dead young soldier with the feeling that
+I had been in the presence of a superior being.
+
+Over against these heroes stand the slackers. There are hundreds and
+thousands of young men from allied countries who are of draft age, who
+find refuge in this land. There are other thousands who have been
+exempted, one because he has a flat instep, another because he has had
+trouble with his eyes or his teeth; or has tuberculosis, in its initial
+form, or is a victim of bronchitis. Most of these men owe it to their
+country and themselves to tear up their exemption papers. They earn
+their living in this country, working ten hours a day, but they will not
+work six or eight hours a day for Old England, thus releasing some young
+man to go to the front.
+
+The question is not whether the youth has an exemption paper. The heart
+of the question is, Has he any moral right to accept an exemption? This
+war is being fought by untold thousands of soldiers who could obtain
+half a dozen exemptions. They prefer to run the risk of death in six
+months, to looking after their own hides and keeping well away from
+danger for the next six years or sixty. No one who has been in the coal
+regions or in the great mines of the Rocky Mountains but realizes that
+there are an enormous number of allied slackers in this country. They
+have left their country to its dire peril at a moment when Old England
+is bleeding to death--when every man counts and when the cripples, the
+invalids, the old men, the women, everybody who can give four hours or
+eight of work a day should enter the great war offices or commissary
+departments and do office work, and thus release the stronger men for
+their work at the front.
+
+The time has fully come when Americans should ask themselves the
+question whether or not they have a moral right to support with money
+that could be far better used, in the war stamp purchases or Red Cross
+work, all these slackers and cowards, at a time when the motherland asks
+them to throw away their exemption papers, in an hour when civilization,
+liberty and humanity are treasures trembling in the balance.
+
+
+3. German Stupidity in Avoiding the Draft
+
+Following the revolution of 1848 in Germany, multitudes of people fled
+from Prussia and Bavaria, and these fugitives, settling in the United
+States, organized colonies that grew until there were often one hundred
+families in a single community. Strangely enough, as the years went on,
+these Germans forgot the iron yoke they once had borne, until, when many
+years had passed by, it came about that time and distance lent a glamour
+to the landscape of the far-off Fatherland. Occasional letters from
+their relatives kept them in touch with the old German home. At last
+they quite forgot the militarism, the poverty, the cruel limitations and
+the hypocrisy of Germany. Familiarity also with the institutions of the
+Republic bred a kind of contempt. Through the imagination Germany became
+an enchanted land. When, therefore, war was declared these
+German-Americans came together in their clubs, beer gardens and German
+churches, to pledge unswerving fealty to the Kaiser and to the
+militarism from which once they had fled as from death itself.
+
+Last summer brought the Government draft to the young men of one of
+these German colonies. The week was approaching when the German boys
+must have their physical examination. American officers, American
+physicians and the members of the draft board were already in session
+in a certain town. One Sunday a German-American physician appeared in
+that community. That night some twenty or more young German-Americans
+met that physician. He told them plainly how deeply he sympathized with
+their unwillingness to turn their guns against their own German cousins
+and relatives in the Fatherland. Out of pity and compassion had been
+born his plan to save their limbs and perhaps their lives, and also to
+serve the Fatherland and the beloved Kaiser. "I have here," said the
+physician, "a certain heart depressant. It will slow your heart like the
+brake on an automobile. It is a simple coal-oil product. It is quite
+harmless. It was made by the well-known German firm of Baer & Company,
+chemists, and it is so cheap. I shall see to it that you are rejected
+for the draft. And--think of it!--only twenty-five dollars! For that
+little sum I will keep you from being wounded or killed. You will each
+one give me twenty-five dollars; then I will give you this bottle,
+holding five grains for Monday, ten grains for Tuesday, fifteen grains
+for Wednesday, twenty grains for Thursday, twenty-five grains for
+Friday, and on Saturday you will be rejected." Ten minutes later the
+necromancer had juggled twenty-five dollars out of the pocket of each
+newly drafted boy and into his own right-hand pocket.
+
+On Saturday these young men appeared before the draft board and the
+Government physicians. All the boys were in a dreadful condition
+nervously. Now the heart would drop to forty, and then at the slightest
+exertion run up to two hundred and twenty. All were dizzy, nauseated,
+yellow and green, feverish. But the Secret Service men knew every detail
+of what had taken place, and all the facts were in the hands of the
+draft board. A certain farmer's son, young Heinrich H----, was first
+examined. The United States physician counted a pulse that varied from
+forty to two hundred and twenty. The physician kept his face perfectly
+straight. "Marvellous heart! Regular as a clock! Strong as the throbbing
+of a locomotive. Seventy-two exactly! Absolutely normal. I congratulate
+you, young men, upon your fine heart action. A man is as old as his
+heart engine. A boy with a heart like yours ought to live to be a
+hundred years old. All you need is a change of climate. France will do
+the world for you. You may need a little heart stimulant, but I think
+that nothing hastens the pulse beat like a few rifle balls and bomb
+shells from Hindenburg." He sent every one of the twenty boys into the
+service, but separated them, one going to Camp Ayer, in Massachusetts;
+one to Camp Bliss, in El Paso, Texas, and the rest to camps in States
+between. In one Middle West community a German father and son went so
+far as to deaden pain through cocaine and then cut off the finger of the
+right hand. It is generally understood that both the father and son are
+now in two widely separated penitentiaries, reflecting each in his own
+cell upon the folly of treason and the crime of becoming a traitor to
+the kindest and best Government that has ever been organized upon our
+earth.
+
+
+4. "I'm Working Now for Uncle Sam"
+
+The long transatlantic train came to a dead stop at the division station
+in that great Southwestern State, where one was surrounded by
+sage-brush, the sand, the distant foot-hills and the far-off mountain
+range.
+
+One of the Pullman cars showed signs of a hot box, and a moment later
+the wheel burst into a mass of flame. In the thirty minutes' wait for
+repairs I made my way into the room where the conductors, engineers and
+firemen met. On a little table I found a copy of the address given
+before the railroad men of El Paso, Texas, by Secretary McAdoo.
+
+I called the attention of the different men to the address, to the
+clarity of the reasoning, the simplicity of the argument, the strength
+of the appeal and the glowing patriotism that filled all the pages. The
+pamphlet had been worn by much reading. It was covered with the black
+finger prints of busy men who had been working around the locomotives
+and tenders.
+
+Plainly Mr. McAdoo's speech had made a profound impression upon these
+employees. Having first of all called the attention of the large group
+of men to the creative work of Alexander Hamilton, the first Secretary
+of the Treasury, who struck, as Daniel Webster said, "the dry rock of
+national credit and abundant streams of revenue gushed forth," I asked
+these men whether there had been in one hundred and twenty-five years
+any forward movement in finance that was comparable to the benefits
+derived from the national reserve bank law, under Secretary McAdoo, a
+law that not only had prevented a panic in this country during this war,
+but had raised more billions within four years than the total cost of
+the Government in the first century of our existence.
+
+Late that afternoon, on the train, the conductor sought me out. In the
+midst of the discussion he drew out a roll of bills. He told me that in
+those mountain towns many of the ranchers did not buy their tickets at
+the stations.
+
+To use his expression, "They had it in for the railroads." "They pay me
+their fare in cash, and when I give them the receipt they tear up the
+receipt and wink at me. I always feel," he said, "like resenting these
+actions, because I know that they are incitements to petty theft, but
+now," he said, "I have my chance. I always tell them," said the
+conductor, "that money belongs to Uncle Sam. He runs this railroad,
+Uncle Sam takes this money.
+
+"With it he will buy guns for the American boys at the front and build
+ships to carry food that will feed these soldiers. I would rather lose
+that right arm than take one penny of money that belongs to Uncle Sam.
+This is my job to run this train. I tell my crew every day that we must
+make the coal produce every possible pound of steam, that every waste
+must be saved, and every pound of energy used and that we must run this
+train so as to help win this war."
+
+From morning till night I found that conductor was preaching that
+sentiment. His words were directly traceable to the words of Secretary
+McAdoo at El Paso, Texas. That single speech transformed these men.
+
+Measured by the results--truth that transforms life and changes conduct
+and character--that was a truly great speech. We must all hope much from
+this new sense of devotion to the interests of Uncle Sam.
+
+
+5. The German Farmer's Debt to the United States
+
+There are literally thousands of small German colonies in different
+parts of this country. In one far distant State is a community settled
+by about two hundred German families, who took up the land immediately
+after the Civil War.
+
+By some good fortune they settled in what is now one of the very
+richest sections in the United States. Land that they bought for $1.25
+an acre is now worth $250 an acre. In that community there are two
+German churches.
+
+Both pastors came from Germany, both were educated in German colleges,
+both read German newspapers and both insist upon carrying on a
+colloquial German school, with German teachers, German text-books and
+German standards.
+
+Little pressure was brought to bear upon these farmers during the First
+Liberty Loan. By many devices they succeeded in getting their boys away
+before the draft registration. While it was never proved technically
+that they had all pledged themselves not to oppose Germany, morally this
+is known to be the fact.
+
+October of 1917 came and the Second Liberty Loan was on. One day all
+these farmers received a printed card, saying there would be a meeting
+on Monday night, in connection with the Second Liberty Loan. "I find you
+made no subscription whatsoever to the First Liberty Loan. There are
+reasons why I think it best for me to advise you to attend this
+meeting."
+
+Every German farmer read that card several times. Who was this stranger
+who was coming into the community? Was he a Secret Service man? How did
+he find out that there had been a secret meeting of the Germans
+immediately after war had been declared against Germany? Each farmer
+began to ask himself: "Has any one quoted me?" Each one decided to
+attend that meeting.
+
+The meeting began at precisely seven o'clock. Only one man who had
+received the notice was absent, and his son brought a message concerning
+his father's absence. The stranger arose in his place, but left it
+uncertain as to whether he was a Secret Service man, a banker or a
+patriot interested in his country. He began with substantially these
+words:
+
+"Men, you are all German-Americans. I find that not one of you
+subscribed to the First Liberty Loan. You came to this country poor men.
+This Government sold you Government land for from a dollar and a quarter
+to two dollars and a half an acre. But you seem to have forgotten one
+thing. Your title deed to your farm rests upon your loyalty as citizens
+of the Republic. Whenever you refuse to support the people of the
+Republic you have by your own act annulled the title deed of your land.
+
+"If you refuse to support your Government in this war, you are a
+traitor, and when this is proved you will be shot. If secretly you have
+been sending money to the Kaiser to buy guns with which to kill American
+boys you have forfeited the title deed to your farm. Your property has
+become again the possession of the Government and people of the United
+States."
+
+By this time these farmers had their mouths open, and their faces became
+tense and alarmed. When his words had had time to sink in, the stranger
+went on: "I have here a statement as to the number of acres in each farm
+owned by each man in this room. The first man's name is Heinrich ----;
+you own 320 acres of land. It is worth at least $75,000. There is no
+mortgage on this farm. Heinrich, I think you had better buy $2,500 worth
+of Liberty Bonds. I am simply advising with you as a friend. I have made
+out an application for you, and all you have to do is to sign it.
+
+"My advice to every one of you is that you buy from three to five per
+cent, of the value of your farm. I want to say incidentally that I
+trust that there will never again be held a secret meeting of the
+Germans in this room to discuss the best way to avoid supporting the
+United States Government in this war against Germany, and how you can
+best help the Kaiser."
+
+That little sentence worked like magic. Every farmer in the room rose to
+his feet in his anxiety to rush forward to the table. Men literally
+struggled to see who should sign up first. Their enthusiasm for the
+United States Government was as boundless as it was sudden in its
+manifestation.
+
+Remember that there were only two hundred farmers in the room. And yet
+there are the best of reasons for believing that the men in that room
+bought that night nearly $200,000 worth of Liberty Bonds.
+
+
+6. "Sharper Than a Serpent's Tooth" Is an Ungrateful Immigrant
+
+One of the things that no patriot can ever understand is the ingratitude
+of the Germans who fled from the Fatherland to escape German militarism
+and autocracy.
+
+Lecturing in a Western State, I met a banker who had returned from a
+schoolhouse in a rural district where he had been talking about the
+Liberty Bonds to a German audience. One old German refused to attend
+this meeting. He was very bitter in his attacks upon our Government. He
+had made no subscription to the first two Liberty Loans; he had refused
+to help in the campaign for the Red Cross Fund; he insisted that he paid
+his taxes and that was all that the Government had any right to demand
+from him.
+
+He went one step further: The old man said that he had not read a single
+American newspaper since the war began, and that nothing but a German
+newspaper should cross his threshold until the war ended. Not until that
+banker descended upon this pro-German with the indignation of an
+outraged patriot did the rich old farmer capitulate.
+
+The story of that German is typical. He came to this country about 1859.
+When the homestead act was passed he received from the United States one
+hundred and sixty acres of land in the very centre of one of the richest
+States in this Union, and his one hundred and sixty acre farm is now
+worth about $100,000.
+
+When he ran away from Germany he was receiving twenty cents a day. He
+rose at daybreak, cleaned stables, milked cows, toiled in the field,
+began his milking after dark, worked sixteen hours a day, had nothing to
+eat except what could not be sold by his employer. He was a German
+plebeian, with no chance ever to improve his condition. He was ignorant,
+stupid, a mere beast of burden.
+
+So the German boy slipped across the line into Holland, came steerage to
+this country, slept among the rats of the ship, but the people of the
+United States welcomed that miserable refugee. The American school,
+without any charge, gave him four months' instruction every winter until
+he was twenty. The American people gave him a farm as a free gift. This
+Republic educated his children, his grandchildren and enriched them with
+land, office, honours and wealth. Once he hated autocracy and militarism
+in the Fatherland--but in 1918 he loved them.
+
+No sooner did the Kaiser invade Belgium and commit rape upon that land
+than this German farmer passed through a revulsion. Whatever the Kaiser
+did was right. If Germany did a thing it was proper. Germany had a right
+to break her solemn treaties; Germany had a right to sink the
+_Lusitania_; if Germany was out of iron ore she had a right to invade
+France and steal her iron mines. What had been crimes suddenly became
+virtues.
+
+Fleeing from the German tyrant in 1859, in 1918 the old farmer turned
+upon the United States that had befriended him.
+
+"If I have to make my choice, I choose the Kaiser."
+
+Mentally, it seems absurd. Morally, his was a monstrous position. But
+blood was thicker than water. Gratitude had no place in his heart.
+
+This old German regarded the gift of his farm by our people as a sign of
+weakness. The Republic gave him a homestead because he was a superior
+man. He actually had a belief that Germany would soon overrun the world;
+that the Kaiser would soon be enthroned in Washington; that some German
+in Iowa would supersede the Government in Des Moines, and he was simply
+getting ready, having made friends with the Kaiser's Government, to
+receive reward when the United States became a German colony.
+
+Who can explain the obsession?
+
+It is clear that the German-Americans had been drilled for forty years
+through their German newspapers in these ideas. Little by little they
+have been alienated from the institutions of the Republic. Slowly they
+have been led to believe that Berlin is soon to be a world capital and
+Kaiser Wilhelm the world emperor, while only Germans shall be allowed in
+this country to hold office or land, while all Americans become tenants
+and servitors thereto.
+
+Plainly this is what Siebert meant in his book, published five years ago
+in Berlin:
+
+"When we have reached our goal Germany must see to it that no race save
+the German race can have a title deed in land or carry weapons, just as
+in the first world empire no one but a Roman was allowed to own land or
+have a sword or spear."
+
+
+7. In Praise of Our Secret Service
+
+Of necessity our Secret Service work is carried on in silence and
+without blare of trumpets. The achievements of the Department of Justice
+cannot be proclaimed from the housetops. Everybody knows something about
+the crimes committed by the German agents. These spies, loyal with their
+lips, have in their hearts plotted innumerable crimes against our
+Government. They have dynamited our factories and warehouses; they have
+burned shops and planted bombs on ships; they have thrown trains from
+the track; they have poisoned the horses and mules upon the transports
+en route to France; they have fouled the springs of knowledge through
+their hired reporters; with all the cunning developed by long practice,
+they have spread their insidious and perilous influences into the
+remotest regions of the land. But over against these spies and secret
+agents have stood the United States Secret Service men, and with
+everything in favour of the German plotter, our defenders have beaten
+the German at his own game.
+
+War was declared against Germany on April 6, 1917. One Sunday night two
+or three weeks later a large company of German-Americans belonging to
+the secret German league met in their accustomed place of assembly.
+There were several hundred Germans present, but among them were three
+Secret Service men. The German lawyer who opened the meeting was very
+bitter. Having made certain that only German sympathizers were present,
+he went on to say that the occasion of this war could be traced to Wall
+Street. Certain rich bankers and American plutocrats had loaned perhaps
+a billion dollars to England. Since the war was going against England,
+these rich men were afraid that they would lose their investment. In
+their emergency they forced war upon Congress. The speech was clever,
+specious, cunning, shrewdly calculated to stir up passion. And the
+speech was applauded to the echo. The second speaker made a no less
+skillful appeal to the prejudices of the members of the secret
+German-American league. Since the war was a money war, originated by
+Wall Street, the Government could be defeated as to its plans only by
+money. Therefore, every member of the league must make his contribution;
+no one present but must give at least ten dollars. And, he added, in
+view of the fact that it was Sunday night and that some might be without
+money, and since no checks could be accepted, there were several German
+bankers present, who would be glad to advance money to the members who
+wished to make cash contributions. The Germans had provided in advance
+against every possible emergency.
+
+Then came the opportunity for the Secret Service men. The first one
+arose and began with an apology for a German brogue that in reality he
+was assuming. He spared no words in praising the first two speakers.
+"What a wonderful man was the Kaiser! What victories von Hindenburg had
+achieved! The Fatherland was standing with back against the wall. How
+wicked a nation was France, and Poland! What a black heart England had!"
+He pictured Germany as a lamb with fleece as white as snow, and a huge
+Belgian wolf jumping at the lamb's tender throat. "What an ambitious man
+was President Wilson. How eagerly had Congress waited until Germany was
+weak, and then rushed in to grab the fruits of war!" When this man sat
+down his hearers were in a state of rapturous upheaval. But scarcely had
+his voice ceased echoing in the air when the second Secret Service man
+arose. Having complimented the first two speeches by the German
+plotters, he said that he thought he represented the members in
+expressing the judgment that the third speaker had made a speech that
+was unrivalled in its statement as to the duty of the members toward the
+Kaiser and the beloved Fatherland. The second Secret Service man,
+therefore, moved that it be the sense of the meeting that the member who
+had just spoken be made secretary of the meeting, be custodian of the
+funds just contributed. In five minutes he had all the secrets of the
+meeting safely lodged in the hands of the first Secret Service man. At
+this point the third representative of the Government arose and
+nominated the second Secret Service speaker, who had just taken his
+seat, as teller to count the funds, and in recognition of this man's
+gifts the teller immediately afterwards appointed the third Secret
+Service man assistant teller. During the next three hours, in the
+secrecy of their own meeting, over twenty prosperous and influential
+Germans committed themselves against this Government.
+
+About midnight the secretary and the two tellers turned over to the two
+Germans who had made the two big speeches at the opening of the meeting
+the entire collection, which amounted to thousands of dollars. But at
+half-past twelve, as these two Germans were entering their hotel, four
+Secret Service men tapped them on the shoulder and promptly relieved
+them of the aforementioned thousands. One of these men is now working
+out his sentence in a Southern penitentiary and the other in a Western
+penitentiary. Their sentences were for twenty-eight years. The other men
+who defended Germany and attacked the United States are serving
+terms--some long and some short. It is a proverb that the wicked flee
+when no man pursueth. But Dr. Parkhurst coined a striking sentence when
+he added: "The wicked man makes better time in fleeing when the
+righteous Secret Service man pursues him with a sharp stick."
+
+
+_Printed in the United States of America_
+
+
+
+        *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Note:
+
+   Minor typographical errors have been corrected without note.
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BLOT ON THE KAISER'S
+'SCUTCHEON***
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