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+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, No. 181, April 16, 1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, No. 181, April 16, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: May 15, 2007 [EBook #21445]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NO. 181 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Pat A Benoy
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
++--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|                                                              |
+| Transcriber's Note: Italicized words, phrases, etc. are      |
+| surrounded by _underline characters_. Greek transliterations |
+| are surrounded by ~tildes~. Diacritical marks over           |
+| characters are bracketed: [=x] indicates a macron over the   |
+| letter, [(x] indicates a breve. Archaic spellings and        |
+| hypenation inconsistancies have been retained.               |
++--------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+{373}
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+No. 181.]
+SATURDAY, APRIL 16. 1853.
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition, 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+NOTES:--                                                       Page
+  "The Shepherd of Banbury's Weather-Rules," by
+    W. B. Rye                                                   373
+  Notes on several misunderstood Words, by the Rev. W.
+    R. Arrowsmith                                               375
+  Lord Coke                                                     376
+  Shakspeare Correspondence, by C. Mansfield Ingleby,
+    &c.                                                         377
+
+  MINOR NOTES:--Alleged Cure for Hydrophobia--Epitaph
+    at Mickleton--Charade attributed to Sheridan--
+    Suggested Reprint of Hearne--Suggestions of Books
+    worthy of being reprinted--Epigram all the Way from
+    Belgium--Derivation of "Canada"--Railway Signals
+    --A Centenarian Trading Vessel                              379
+QUERIES:--
+  Bishop Ken                                                    380
+  MINOR QUERIES:--Canute's Reproof to his Courtiers
+    --The Sign of the Cross in the Greek Church--Rev.
+    Richard Midgley, Vicar of Rochdale, temp. Eliz.--
+    Huet's Navigations of Solomon--Sheriff of Worcestershire
+    in 1781--Tree of the Thousand Images--De
+    Burgh Family--Witchcraft Sermons at Huntingdon--
+    Consort--Creole--Shearman Family--Traitors' Ford
+    --"Your most obedient humble Servant"--Version
+    of a Proverb--Ellis Walker--"The Northerne Castle"
+    --Prayer-Book in French--"Navita Erythr�um," &c.
+    --Edmund Burke--Plan of London--Minchin                     380
+
+  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Leapor's "Unhappy
+    Father"--Meaning of "the Litten" or "Litton"
+    --St. James' Market House                                   382
+
+REPLIES:--
+  Grub Street Journal, by James Crossley                        383
+  Stone Pillar Worship                                          383
+  Autographs in Books                                           384
+  Grindle                                                       384
+  Roger Outlawe, by Dr. J. H. Todd, &c.                         385
+  Prospectus to Cibber's "Lives of the Poets," by James
+    Crossley                                                    386
+  Pic-nic, by John Anthony, M.D., and Henry H. Breen            387
+  Peter Sterry and Jeremiah White, by James Crossley            388
+
+  PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES:--Colouring Collodion
+    Portraits--On some Points in the Collodion
+    Process--Economical Iodizing Process                        388
+
+  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Bishop Juxon's Account
+    of Vendible Books in England--Dutensiana--Vicars-Apostolic
+    --Tombstone in Churchyard--"Her face is
+    like," &c.--Annuellarius--Ship's Painter--True Blue
+    --"Quod fuit esse"--Subterranean Bells--Spontaneous
+    Combustion--Muffs worn by Gentlemen--
+    Crescent--The Author of "The Family Journal"--
+    Parochial Libraries--Sidney as a Christian Name--
+    "Rather"--Lady High Sheriff--Nugget--Epigrams
+    --Editions of the Prayer-Book--Portrait of Pope--
+    Passage in Coleridge--Lowbell--Burn at Croydon               390
+
+MISCELLANEOUS:--
+  Notes on Books, &c.                                            394
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                   394
+  Notices to Correspondents                                      394
+  Advertisements                                                 395
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NOTES.
+
+
+"THE SHEPHERD OF BANBURY'S WEATHER-RULES."
+
+_The Shepherd of Banbury's Rules to judge of the Changes of the
+Weather_, first printed in 1670, was long a favourite book with the
+country gentleman, the farmer, and the peasant. They were accustomed to
+regard it with the consideration and confidence which were due to the
+authority of so experienced a master of the art of prognostication, and
+dismissing every sceptical thought, received his maxims with the same
+implicit faith as led them to believe that if their cat chanced to wash
+her face, rainy weather would be the certain and inevitable result.
+Moreover, this valuable little manual instructed them how to keep their
+horses, sheep, and oxen sound, and prescribed cures for them when
+distempered. No wonder, then, if it has passed through many editions.
+Yet it has been invariably stated that _The Banbury Shepherd_ in fact
+had no existence; was purely an imaginary creation; and that the work
+which passes under his name, "John Claridge," was written by Dr. John
+Campbell, the Scottish historian, who died in 1775. The statements made
+in connexion with this book are curious enough; and it is with a view of
+placing the matter in a clear and correct light that I now trouble you
+with a Note, which will, I hope, tend to restore to this poor
+weather-wise old shepherd his long-lost rank and station among the rural
+authors of England.
+
+I believe that the source of the error is to be traced to the second
+edition of the _Biographia Britannica_, in a memoir of Dr. Campbell by
+Kippis, in which, when enumerating the works of the learned Doctor,
+Kippis says, "He was also the author of _The Shepherd of Banbury's
+Rules_,--a favourite pamphlet with the common people." We next find the
+book down to Campbell as the "author" in Watt's _Bibliotheca
+Britannica_, which is copied both by Chalmers and Lowndes. And so the
+error has been perpetuated, even up to the time of the publication of a
+meritorious _History of Banbury_, by the late Mr. Alfred Beesley, in
+1841. This writer thus speaks of the work:
+
+    "The far-famed shepherd of Banbury is only an apocryphal
+    personage. In 1744 there was published {374} _The Shepherd of
+    Banbury's Rules to judge of the Changes of the Weather, grounded
+    on forty Years' Experience. To which is added, a rational
+    Account of the Causes of such Alterations, the Nature of Wind,
+    Rain, Snow, &c., on the Principles of the Newtonian Philosophy.
+    By John Claridge. London: printed for W. Bickerton, in the
+    Temple Exchange, Fleet Street. Price 1s._ The work attracted a
+    large share of public attention, and deserved it. A second
+    edition appeared in 1748.... It is stated in Kippis's
+    _Biographia Britannica_ that, the real author was Dr. John
+    Campbell, a Scotchman."
+
+In 1770 there appeared _An Essay on the Weather, with Remarks on "The
+Shepherd of Banbury's Rules, &c."_: by John Mills, Esq., F.R.S. Mr.
+Mills observes:
+
+    "Who the shepherd of Banbury was, we know not; nor indeed have
+    we any proof that the rules called his were penned by a real
+    shepherd. Both these points are, however, immaterial; their
+    truth is their best voucher.... Mr. Claridge published them in
+    the year 1744, since which time they are become very scarce,
+    having long been out of print."
+
+Now all these blundering attempts at annihilating the poor shepherd may,
+I think, be accounted for by neither of the above-mentioned writers
+having a knowledge of the original edition, published in 1670, of the
+real shepherd's book (the title of which I will presently give), which
+any one may see in the British Museum library. It has on the title-page
+a slight disfigurement of name, viz. John _Clearidge_; but it is
+_Claridge_ in the Preface. The truth is, that Dr. John Campbell
+_re-published_ the book in 1744, but without affixing his own name, or
+giving any information of its author or of previous editions. The part,
+however, which he bore in this edition is explained by the latter
+portion of the title already given; and still more clearly in the
+Preface. We find authorities added, to give weight to the shepherd's
+remarks; and likewise additional rules in relation to the weather,
+derived from the common sayings and proverbs of the country people, and
+from old English books of husbandry. It may, in short, be called a
+clever scientific commentary on the shepherd's observations. After what
+has been stated, your readers will not be surprised to learn that one
+edition of the work appears in Watt's very inaccurate book under
+CLARIDGE, another under CLEARIDGE, and a third under CAMPBELL. I will
+now speak of the original work: it is a small octavo volume of
+thirty-two pages, rudely printed, with an amusing Preface "To the
+Reader," in which the shepherd dwells with much satisfaction on his
+peculiar vaticinating talents. As this Preface has been omitted in all
+subsequent editions, and as the book itself is extremely scarce, I
+conceive that a reprint of it in your pages may be acceptable to your
+Folk-lore readers. The "Rules" are interlarded with scraps of poetry,
+somewhat after the manner of old Tusser, and bear the unmistakeable
+impress of a "plain, unlettered Muse." The author concludes his work
+with a poetical address "to the antiquity and honour of shepheards." The
+title is rather a droll one, and is as follows:
+
+    "The Shepheard's Legacy: or John Clearidge his forty Years'
+    Experience of the Weather: being an excellent Treatise, wherein
+    is shewed the Knowledge of the Weather. First, by the Rising and
+    Setting of the Sun. 2. How the Weather is known by the Moon. 3.
+    By the Stars. 4. By the Clouds. 5. By the Mists. 6. By the
+    Rainbow. 7. And especially by the Winds. Whereby the Weather may
+    be exactly known from Time to Time: which Observation was never
+    heretofore published by any Author. 8. Also, how to keep your
+    Sheep sound when they be sound. 9. And how to cure them if they
+    be rotten. 10. Is shewed the Antiquity and Honour of Shepheards.
+    With some certain and assured Cures for thy Horse, Cow, and
+    Sheep.
+
+        An Almanack is out at twelve months day,
+        My Legacy it doth endure for aye.
+        But take you notice, though 'tis but a hint,
+        It far excels some books of greater print.
+
+    London: printed and are to be sold by John Hancock, Junior, at
+    the Three Bibles in Popes-head Ally, next Cornhill, 1670."
+
+In the Preface he tells us that--
+
+    "Having been importun'd by sundry friends (some of them being
+    worthy persons) to make publique for their further benefit what
+    they have found by experience to be useful for themselves and
+    others, I could not deny their requests; but was willing to
+    satisfie them, as also my own self, to do others good as well as
+    myself; lest I should hide my talent in a napkin, and my skill
+    be rak'd up with me in the dust. Therefore I have left it to
+    posterity, that they may have the fruit when the old tree is
+    dead and rotten. And because I would not be tedious, I shall
+    descend to some few particular instances of my skill and
+    foreknowledge of the weather, and I shall have done.
+
+    "First, in the year 1665, at the 1st of January, I told several
+    credible persons that the then frost would hold till March, that
+    men could not plow, and so it came to pass directly.
+
+    "2. I also told them that present March, that it would be a very
+    dry summer, which likewise came to pass.
+
+    "3. The same year, in November, I told them it would be a very
+    open winter, which also came to pass, although at that time it
+    was a great snow: but it lasted not a week.
+
+    "4. In the year 1666, I told them that year in March, that it
+    would be a very dry spring; which also came to pass.
+
+    "5. In the year 1667, certaine shepheards ask'd my councel
+    whether they might venture their sheep any more in the
+    Low-fields? I told them they might safely venture them till
+    August next; and they sped very well, without any loss.
+
+    "6. I told them, in the beginning of September the same year,
+    that it would be a south-west wind for two or {375} three months
+    together, and also great store of rain, so that wheat sowing
+    would be very difficult in the Low-fields, by reason of wet;
+    which we have found by sad experience. And further, I told them
+    that they should have not above three or four perfect fair days
+    together till the shortest day.
+
+    "7. In the year 1668, in March, although it was a very dry
+    season then, I told my neighbours that it would be an
+    extraordinary fruitful summer for hay and grass, and I knew it
+    by reason there was so much rain in the latter end of February
+    and beginning of March: for by that I ever judge of the summers,
+    and I look that the winter will be dry and frosty for the most
+    part, by reason that this November was mild: for by that I do
+    ever judge of the winters.
+
+    "Now, I refer you unto the book itself, which will sufficiently
+    inform you of sundry other of my observations. For in the
+    ensuing discourse I have set you down the same rules which I go
+    by myself. And if any one shall question the truth of what is
+    here set down, let them come to me, and I will give them further
+    satisfaction.
+
+    JOHN CLARIDGE, SEN.
+
+    "Hanwell, near Banbury."
+
+It appears, from inquiries made in the neighbourhood, that the name of
+Claridge is still common at Hanwell, a small village near Banbury--that
+"land o'cakes,"--and that last century there was a John Claridge, a
+small farmer, resident there, who died in 1758, and who might have been
+a grandson of the "far-famed," but unjustly defamed, "shepherd of
+Banbury."
+
+_Apropos_ of the "cakes" for which this flourishing town has long been
+celebrated, I beg to inform your correspondent ERICA (Vol. vii., p.
+106.) and J. R. M., M.A. (p. 310.) that there is a receipt "how to make
+a very good Banbury cake," printed as early as 1615, in Gervase
+Markham's _English Hus-wife_.
+
+W. B. RYE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NOTES ON SEVERAL MISUNDERSTOOD WORDS.
+
+(_Continued from_ p. 353.)
+
+_To miss_, to dispense with. This usage of the verb being of such
+ordinary occurrence, I should have deemed it superfluous to illustrate,
+were it not that the editors of Shakspeare, according to custom, are at
+a loss for examples:
+
+
+    "We cannot _miss_ him."
+
+    _The Tempest_, Act I. Sc. 2. (where see Mr. Collier's note, and
+    also Mr. Halliwell's, Tallis's edition).
+
+    "All which things being much admirable, yet this is most, that
+    they are so profitable; bringing vnto man both honey and wax,
+    each so wholesome that we all desire it, both so necessary that
+    we cannot _misse_ them."--_Euphues and his England._
+
+    "I will have honest valiant souls about me;
+    I cannot _miss_ thee."
+
+    Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Mad Lover_, Act II. Sc. 1.
+
+    "The blackness of this season cannot _miss_ me."
+
+    The second _Maiden's Tragedy_, Act V. Sc. 1.
+
+    "All three are to be had, we cannot _miss_ any of them."--Bishop
+    Andrewes, "A Sermon prepared to be preached on Whit Sunday, A.D.
+    1622," _Library of Ang.-Cath. Theology_, vol. iii. p. 383.
+
+    "For these, for every day's dangers we cannot _miss_ the
+    hand."--"A Sermon preached before the King's Majesty at
+    Burleigh, near Oldham, A.D. 1614," _Id._, vol. iv. p. 86.
+
+    "We cannot _miss_ one of them; they be necessary all."--_Id._,
+    vol. i. p. 73.
+
+It is hardly necessary to occupy further room with more instances of so
+familiar a phrase, though perhaps it may not be out of the way to
+remark, that _miss_ is used by Andrewes as a substantive in the same
+sense as the verb, namely, in vol. v. p. 176.: the more usual form being
+_misture_, or, earlier, _mister_. Mr. Halliwell, in his _Dictionary_,
+most unaccountably treats these two forms as distinct words; and yet,
+more unaccountably, collecting the import of _misture_ for the context,
+gives it the signification of misfortune!! He quotes Nash's _Pierce
+Pennilesse_; the reader will find the passage at p. 47. of the
+Shakspeare Society's reprint. I subjoin another instance from vol. viii.
+p. 288. of Cattley's edition of Foxe's _Acts and Monuments_:
+
+    "Therefore all men evidently declared at that time, both how
+    sore they took his death to heart; and also how hardly they
+    could away with the _misture_ of such a man."
+
+In Latin, _desidero_ and _desiderium_ best convey the import of this
+word.
+
+_To buckle_, bend or bow. Here again, to their great discredit be it
+spoken, the editors of Shakspeare (Second Part of _Hen. IV._, Act I. Sc.
+1.) are at fault for an example. Mr. Halliwell gives one in his
+_Dictionary_ of the passive participle, which see. In Shakspeare it
+occurs as a neuter verb:
+
+                    "... And teach this body,
+    To bend, and these my aged knees to _buckle_,
+    In adoration and just worship to you."
+        Ben Jonson, _Staple of News_, Act II. Sc. 1.
+
+    "For, certainly, like as great stature in a natural body is some
+    advantage in youth, but is but burden in age: so it is with
+    great territory, which, when a state beginneth to decline, doth
+    make it stoop and _buckle_ so much the faster."--Lord Bacon, "Of
+    the True Greatness of Great Britain," vol. i. p. 504. (Bohn's
+    edition of the _Works_).
+
+And again, as a transitive verb:
+
+    "Sear trees, standing or felled, belong to the lessee, and you
+    have a special replication in the book of 44 E. III., that the
+    wind did but rend them and _buckle_ them."--_Case of Impeachment
+    of Waste_, vol. i. p. 620.
+
+_On the hip_, at advantage. A term of wrestling. So said Dr. Johnson at
+first; but, on second {376} thoughts, referred it to _venery_, with
+which Mr. Dyce consents: both erroneously. Several instances are adduced
+by the latter, in his _Critique of Knight and Collier's Shakspeare_; any
+one of which, besides the passage in _The Merchant of Venice_, should
+have confuted that origin of the phrase. The hip of a chase is no term
+of woodman's craft: the haunch is. Moreover, what a marvellous
+expression, to say, A hound has a chase _on_ the hip, instead of _by_.
+Still more prodigious to say, that a hound _gets_ a chase _on_ the hip.
+One would be loth to impute to the only judicious dramatic commentator
+of the day, a love of contradiction as the motive for quarrelling with
+Mr. Collier's note on this idiom. To the examples alleged by Mr. Dyce,
+the three following may be added; whereof the last, after the opinion of
+Sir John Harington, rightly refers the origin of the metaphor to
+wrestling:
+
+    "The Divell hath them _on the hip_, he may easily bring them to
+    anything."--_Michael and the Dragon_, by D. Dike, p. 328.
+    (_Workes_, London, 1635).
+
+    "If he have us at the advantage, _on the hip_ as we say, it is
+    no great matter then to get service at our hands."--Andrewes, "A
+    Sermon preached before the King's Majesty at Whitehall, 1617,"
+    _Library of Ang.-Cath. Theology_, vol. iv. p. 365.
+
+    "Full oft the valiant knight his hold doth shift,
+     And with much prettie sleight, the same doth slippe;
+     In fine he doth applie one speciall drift,
+     Which was to get the Pagan on the _hippe_:
+     And hauing caught him right, he doth him lift,
+     By nimble sleight, and in such wise doth trippe:
+     That downe he threw him, and his fall was such,
+     His head-piece was the first that ground did tuch."
+       Sir John Harington's Translation of _Orlando
+          Furioso_, Booke xlvi. Stanza 117.
+
+In some editions, the fourth line is printed "_namely_ to get," &c.,
+with other variations in the spelling of the rest of the stanza.
+
+W. R. ARROWSMITH.
+
+(_To be continued._)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LORD COKE.
+
+Turning over some old books recently, my attention was strongly drawn to
+the following:
+
+    "The Lord Coke, his Speech and Charge, with a Discouerie of the
+    Abuses and Corruptions of Officers. 8vo. Lond. N. Butter, 1607."
+
+This curious piece appears to have been published by one R. P.[1], who
+describes himself, in his dedication to the Earl of Exeter, as a "poore,
+dispised, pouertie-stricken, hated, scorned, and vnrespected souldier,"
+of which there were, doubtless, many in the reign of James the Pacific.
+Lord Coke, in his address to the jury at the Norwich Assizes, gives an
+account of the various plottings of the Papists, from the Reformation to
+the Gunpowder Treason, to bring the land again under subjection to Rome,
+and characterises the schemes and the actors therein as he goes along in
+the good round terms of an out-and-out Protestant. He has also a fling
+at the Puritans, and all such as would disturb the church and hierarchy
+as by law established. But the most remarkable part of the book is that
+which comes under the head of "A Discouerie of the Abuses and Corruption
+of Officers;" and believing an abstract might interest your readers, and
+furnish the antiquary with a reference, I herewith present you with a
+list of the officials and others whom my Lord Coke recommends the
+_Jurie_ to present, assuring them, at the same time, that "by God's
+grace they, the offenders, shall not goe unpunished for their abuses;
+for we have," says he, "a COYFE, which signifies a _scull_, whereby, in
+the execution of justice, wee are defended against all oppositions, bee
+they never so violent."
+
+1. The first gentleman introduced by Lord Coke to the Norwich jury is
+the _Escheator_, who had power to demand upon what tenure a poor yeoman
+held his lands, and is an officer in great disfavour with the judge. He
+gives some curious instances of his imposition, and concludes by
+remarking that, for his rogueries, he were better described by striking
+away the first syllable of his name, the rest truly representing him a
+_cheator_.
+
+2. _The Clarke of the Market_ comes in for his share of Lord Coke's
+denouncements. "It was once," he says, "my hap to take a clarke of the
+market in his trickes; but I aduanst him higher than his father's sonne,
+by so much as from the ground to the toppe of the pillorie" for his
+bribery.
+
+3. "A certaine ruffling officer" called a _Purveyor_, who is
+occasionally found _purveying money_ out of your purses, and is
+therefore, says Lord Coke, "on the highway to the gallowes."
+
+4. As the next officer is unknown in the present day, I give his
+character _in extenso_:
+
+    "There is also a Salt-peter-man, whose commission is not to
+    break vp any man's house or ground without leaue. And not to
+    deale with any house, but such as is vnused for any necessarie
+    imployment by the owner. And not to digge in any place without
+    leauing it smooth and leuell: in such case as he found it. This
+    Salt-peter-man vnder shew of his authoritie, though being no
+    more than is specified, will make plaine and simple people
+    beleeue, that hee will without their leaue breake vp the floore
+    of their dwelling house, vnlesse they will compound with him to
+    the contrary. Any such fellow, if you can meete with all, let
+    his misdemenor be presented, that he may be taught better to
+    vnderstand his office: For by their abuse the country is
+    oftentimes troubled."
+
+5. There is another troublesome fellow called a _Concealor_, who could
+easily be proved no better {377} than a _cosioner_, and whose
+pretensions are to be resisted.
+
+6. A _Promoter_, generally both a beggar and a knave. This is the modern
+informer, "a necessarie office," says Lord Coke, "but rarely filled by
+an honest man."
+
+7. The _Monopolitane_ or _Monopolist_; with these the country was
+overrun in James' reign. "To annoy and hinder the public weale, these
+for their own benefit have sold their lands, and then come to beggarie
+by a _starch_, _vinegar_, or _aqua vit�_ monopoly, and justly too," adds
+his lordship.
+
+8. Lord Coke has no objection to those _golden fooles_, the _Alcumists_,
+so long as they keep to their _metaphisicall_ and _Paracelsian_ studies;
+but _science is felony committed by any comixture to multiply either
+gold or silver_; the alchymist is therefore a suspected character, and
+to be looked after by the jury.
+
+9. Vagrants to be resolutely put down, the Statute against whom had
+worked well.
+
+10. The stage-players find no favour with this stern judge, who tells
+the jury that as they, the players, cannot perform without leave, it is
+easy to be rid of them, remarking, _that the country is much troubled by
+them_.
+
+11. Taverns, Inns, Ale-houses, Bowling Allies, and such like thriftless
+places of resort for tradesmen and artificers, to be under strict
+surveillance.
+
+12. Gallants, or riotous young gents, to be sharply looked after, and
+their proceedings controlled.
+
+13. Gentlemen with greyhounds and birding-pieces, who would elude the
+_statutes against gunnes_, to be called to account "for the
+shallow-brain'd idlenesse of their ridiculous foolery."
+
+14. The statute against _ryotous expence in apparel_ to be put in force
+against _unthriftie infractors_.
+
+There is room here for a few Queries, but I content myself with asking
+for a further reference to No. 4., "The Salt-peter-man."
+
+J. O.
+
+   [Footnote 1: No doubt the author of an ultra-Protestant poem,
+   entitled _Times Anatomie, made by Robert Prickett, a Souldier_.
+   Imprinted, 1606.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Dogberry's Losses or Leases._--_Much Ado about Nothing_, Act IV. Sc.
+4.:
+
+    "_Dogberry._ A rich fellow enough, go to: and a fellow that hath
+    had losses; and one that hath two gowns, and everything handsome
+    about him."
+
+I can quite sympathise with the indignation of some of my cotemporaries
+at the alteration by MR. PAYNE COLLIER'S mysterious corrector, of
+"losses" into "leases." I am sorry to see a reading which we had
+cherished without any misgiving as a bit of Shaksperian quaintness, and
+consecrated by the humour of Gray and Charles Lamb, turned into a clumsy
+misprint. But we must look at real probabilities, not at fancies and
+predilections. I am afraid "leases" is the likelier word. It has also a
+special fitness, which has not been hitherto remarked. Many of the
+wealthy people of Elizabeth's reign, particularly in the middle class,
+were "fellows that had had leases." It will be recollected that
+extravagant leases or fines were among the methods by which the
+possessions of the church were so grievously dilapidated in the age of
+the Reformation. Those who had a little money to invest, could not do so
+on more advantageous terms than by obtaining such leases as the
+necessity or avarice of clerical and other corporations induced them to
+grant; and the coincident fall in the value of money increased the gain
+of the lessees, and loss of the corporations, to an extraordinary
+amount. Throughout Elizabeth's reign parliament was at work in
+restraining this abuse, by the well-known "disabling acts," restricting
+the power of bishops and corporations to lease their property. The last
+was passed, I think, only in 1601. And therefore a "rich fellow" of
+Dogberry's class was described, to the thorough comprehension and
+enjoyment of an audience of that day, as one who "had _had_ leases."
+
+SCRUTATOR.
+
+May I be allowed a little space in the pages of "N. & Q." to draw MR.
+COLLIER'S attention to some passages in which the old corrector appears
+to me to have corrupted, rather than improved, the text? Possibly on
+second thoughts MR. COLLIER may be induced to withdraw these readings
+from the text of his forthcoming edition of our great poet. I give the
+pages of MR. COLLIER'S recent volume, and quote according to the old
+corrector.
+
+_Two Gentlemen of Verona_, Act II. Sc. 2., p. 21.:
+
+    "That I, unworthy body, as I _can_,
+     Should censure thus a _loving_ gentleman."
+
+_Can_ for _am_ spoils the sense; it was introduced unnecessarily to make
+a perfect rhyme, but such rhymes as _am_ and _man_ were common in
+Shakspeare's time. _Loving_ for _lovely_ is another modernism; _lovely_
+is equivalent to the French _aimable_. "Saul and Jonathan were _lovely_
+and pleasant in their lives," &c. The whole passage, which is indeed
+faulty in the old copies, should, I think, be read thus:
+
+                       "'Tis a passing shame
+          That I, unworthy body that I am,
+          Should censure _on a_ lovely _gentleman_.
+
+    _Jul._ Why not on Proteus as _on_ all the rest?
+
+    _Luc._ Then thus,--of many good I think him best."
+
+_Thus_ crept in after _censure_ from the next line but one. In Julia's
+speech, grammar requires _on_ for _of_.
+
+_Measure for Measure_, Act IV. Sc. 5., p. 52.:
+
+    "For my authority bears _such_ a credent bulk," &c.
+
+Fols. "_of_ a credent bulk," read "_so_ credent bulk."
+
+{378}
+_Much Ado about Nothing_, Act IV. Sc. 1., p 72.:
+
+    "Myself would on the _hazard_ of reproaches
+     Strike at thy life."
+
+When fathers kill their children, they run the risk not merely of being
+reproached, but of being hanged; but this reading is a mere
+sophistication by some one who did not understand the true reading,
+_rearward_. Leonato threatens to take his daughter's life _after having_
+reproached her.
+
+_Taming of the Shrew_, p. 145.:
+
+    "O, yes, I saw sweet beauty in her face,
+     Such as the daughter of _Agenor's race_," &c.
+
+"The daughter of Agenor's race" for "the daughter of Agenor" is awkward,
+but there is a far more decisive objection to this alteration. To
+compare the beauty of Bianca with the beauty of Europa is a legitimate
+comparison; but to compare the beauty of Bianca with Europa herself, is
+of course inadmissible. Here is another corruption introduced in order
+to produce rhyming couplet; restore the old reading, "the daughter of
+Agenor _had_."
+
+_The Winter's Tale_, Act IV. Sc. 2., p. 191.:
+
+    "If, &c., let me be _enrolled_, and any name put in the book of
+          virtue."
+
+We have here an abortive attempt to correct the nonsensical reading of
+the old copies, _unrolled_; but if _enrolled_ itself makes sense, it
+does so only by introducing tautology. Besides, it leads us away from
+what I believe to be the true reading, _unrogued_.
+
+_King John_, Act V. Sc. 7., p. 212.:
+
+    "Death, having prey'd upon the outward parts,
+     Leaves them _unvisited_; and his siege is now
+     Against the mind."
+
+How could death prey upon the king's outward parts without visiting
+them? Perhaps, however, we have here only a corruption of a genuine
+text. Query, "_ill_-visited."
+
+_Troilus and Cressida_, Act I. Sc. 3., p. 331.:
+
+    "And, with an accent tun'd in self-same key,
+     Replies to chiding fortune."
+
+This, which is also Hanmer's reading, certainly makes sense. Pope read
+_returns_. The old copies have _retires_. I believe Shakspeare wrote
+"_Rechides_ to chiding fortune." This puzzled the compositor, who gave
+the nearest common word without regard to the sense.
+
+_Troilus and Cressida_, Act V. Sc. 1., p. 342.--The disgusting speeches
+of Thersites are scarcely worth correcting, much less dwelling upon; but
+there can be little doubt that we should read "male _harlot_" for "male
+_varlet_;" and "preposterous _discoverers_" (not discolourers) for
+"preposterous discoveries."
+
+_Coriolanus_, Act V. Sc. 5., p. 364.:
+
+    "I... holp to reap the fame
+     Which he did _ear_ all his."
+
+To _ear_ is to _plough_. Aufidius complains that he had a share in the
+harvest, while Coriolanus took all the ploughing to himself. We have
+only, however, to transpose _reap_ and _ear_, and this nonsense is at
+once converted into excellent sense. The old corrector blindly copied
+the blunder of a corrupt, but not sophisticated, manuscript. This has
+occurred elsewhere in this collection.
+
+_Antony and Cleopatra_, Act I. Sc. 5., p. 467.:
+
+    "And soberly did mount an _arm-girt_ steed."
+
+This reading was also conjectured by Hanmer. The folios read
+_arme-gaunt_. This appears to me a mere misprint for _rampaunt_, but
+whether _rampaunt_ was Shakspeare's word, or a transcriber's
+sophistication for _ramping_, is more than I can undertake to determine.
+I believe, however, that one of them is the true reading. At one period
+to _ramp_ and to _prance_ seem to have been synonymous. Spenser makes
+the horses of night "fiercely _ramp_," and Surrey exhibits a _prancing_
+lion.
+
+This communication is, I am afraid, already too long for "N. & Q.;" I
+will therefore only add my opinion, that, though the old corrector has
+reported many bad readings, they are far outnumbered by the good ones in
+the collection.
+
+W. N. L.
+
+
+_Mr. Collier's "Notes and Emendations:" Passage in "The Winter's
+Tale."_--At p. 192. of MR. PAYNE COLLIER'S new volume, he cites a
+passage in _The Winter's Tale_, ending--
+
+                    "... I should blush
+    To see you so attir'd, sworn, I think
+    To show myself a glass."
+
+The MS. emendator, he says, reads _so worn_ for _sworn_; and adds:
+
+    "The meaning therefore is, that Florizel's plain attire was 'so
+    worn,' to show Perdita, as in a glass, how simply she ought to
+    have been dressed."
+
+Now MR. COLLIER, in this instance, has not, according to his usual
+practice, alluded to any commentator who has suggested the same
+emendation. The inference would be, that this emendation is a novelty.
+This it is not. It has been before the world for thirty-four years, and
+its merits have failed to give it currency. At p. 142. of Z. Jackson's
+miscalled _Restorations_, 1819, we find this emendation, with the
+following note:
+
+    "_So worn_, i. e. _so reduced_, in your external appearance,
+    that I should think you intended to remind me of my own
+    condition; for, by looking at you thus attired, I behold myself,
+    as it were, reflected in a glass, habited in robes becoming my
+    obscure birth, and equally obscure fortune."
+
+{379}
+Jackson's emendations are invariably bad; but whatever may be thought of
+the sense of Florizel being _so worn_ (instead of his dress), it is but
+fair to give a certain person his due. The passage has long seemed to me
+to have this meaning:
+
+    "But that we are acquiescing in a custom, I should blush to see
+    you, who are a prince, attired like a swain; and still more
+    should I blush to look at myself in the glass, and see a peasant
+    girl pranked up like a princess."
+
+_& more_, in MS., might very easily have been mistaken for _sworn_ by
+the compositor. Accordingly, I would read the complete passage thus:
+
+                  "... But that our feasts
+    In every mess have folly, and the feeders
+    Digest it with a custom, I should blush
+    To see you so attir'd, and more, I think,
+    To show myself a glass."
+
+C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
+
+Birmingham.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MINOR NOTES.
+
+
+_Alleged Cure for Hydrophobia._--From time to time articles have
+appeared in "N. & Q." as to the cure of hydrophobia, a specific for
+which seems still to be a desideratum.
+
+In the _Miscellanea Curiosa_ (vol. iii. p. 346.) is a paper on Virginia,
+from the Rev. John Clayton, rector of Crofton in Wakefield, in which he
+states the particulars of several cures which he had effected of persons
+bitten by mad dogs. His principal remedy seems to have been the
+"volatile salt of amber" every four hours, and in the intervals, "Spec.
+Pleres Archonticon and Rue powdered ana gr. 15." I am not learned enough
+to understand what these drugs are called in the modern nomenclature of
+druggists.
+
+C. T. W.
+
+
+_Epitaph at Mickleton._--The following inscription is copied from a
+monument on the north wall of the chancel of Mickleton Church, co.
+Gloucester:
+
+            "_The Ephitath of John Bonner._
+
+        Heare lyeth in tomed John Bonner by name,
+    Sonne of Bonner of Pebworth, from thence he came.
+          The :17: of October he ended his daies,
+     Pray God that wee leveing may follow his wayes.
+                   1618 by the yeare.
+      Scarce are such Men to be found in this shere.
+          Made and set up by his loveing frend
+        Evens his kindesman and [so I] doe end.
+      John Bonner, Senior. Thomas Evens, Junior.
+                         1618."
+
+The words in brackets are conjectural, the stone at that point being
+much corroded.
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+
+_Charade attributed to Sheridan._--You have given a place to enigmas in
+"N. & Q.," and therefore the following, which has been attributed to R.
+B. Sheridan, may be acceptable. Was he the author?
+
+    "There is a spot, say, Traveller, where it lies,
+     And mark the clime, the limits, and the size,
+     Where grows no grass, nor springs the yellow grain,
+     Nor hill nor dale diversify the plain;
+     Perpetual green, without the farmer's toil,
+     Through all the seasons clothes the favor'd soil,
+     Fair pools, in which the finny race abound,
+     By human art prepar'd, enrich the ground.
+     Not India's lands produce a richer store,
+     Pearl, ivory, gold and silver ore.
+       Yet, Britons, envy not these boasted climes,
+     Incessant war distracts, and endless crimes
+     Pollute the soil:--Pale Avarice triumphs there,
+     Hate, Envy, Rage, and heart-corroding Care,
+     With Fraud and Fear, and comfortless Despair.
+     There government not long remains the same,
+     Nor they, like us, revere a monarch's name.
+     Britons, beware! Let avarice tempt no more;
+     Spite of the wealth, avoid the tempting shore;
+     The daily bread which Providence has given,
+     Eat with content, and leave the rest to heaven."
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+
+_Suggested Reprint of Hearne._--It has often occurred to me to inquire
+whether an association might not be formed for the republication of the
+works edited by Tom Hearne? An attempt was made some years ago by a
+bookseller; and, as only Robert of Gloucester and Peter Langtoft
+appeared, "Printed for Samuel Bagster, in the Strand, 1810," we must
+infer that the spirited publisher was too far in advance of the age, and
+that the attempt did not pay. Probably it never would _as a bookseller's
+speculation_. But might not a society like the Camden be formed for the
+purpose with some probability, in these altered times and by such an
+improved method of proceeding, of placing these curious and valuable
+volumes once more within reach of men of ordinary means? At present the
+works edited by Hearne are rarely to be met with in catalogues, and when
+they do occur, the prices are almost fabulous, quite on the scale of
+those affixed to ancient MSS.
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+
+_Suggestions of Books worthy of being reprinted._--Fabricius,
+_Bibliotheca Latina Medi� et Infim� �tatis_, 6 vols. 8vo. (Recommended
+in _The Guardian_ newspaper.)
+
+J. M.
+
+
+_Epigram all the way from Belgium._--Should you think the following
+epigram, written in the travellers' book at Hans-sur-Lesse, in Belgium,
+worth preserving, it is at your service:
+
+    "Old Euclid may go to the wall,
+       For we've solved what he never could guess,
+     How the fish in the river are _small_,
+       But the river they live in is _Lesse_."
+
+H. A. B.
+
+
+{380}
+_Derivation of "Canada."_--I send you a cutting from an old newspaper,
+on the derivation of this word:
+
+    "The name of Canada, according to Sir John Barrow, originated in
+    the following circumstances. When the Portuguese, under Gasper
+    Cortcreal, in the year 1500, first ascended the great river St.
+    Lawrence, they believed it was the strait of which they were in
+    search, and through which a passage might be discovered into the
+    Indian Sea. But on arriving at the point whence they could
+    clearly ascertain it was not a strait but a river, they, with
+    all the emphasis of disappointed hopes, exclaimed repeatedly
+    'Canada!'--Here nothing; words which were remembered and
+    repeated by the natives on seeing Europeans arrive in 1534, who
+    naturally conjectured that the word they heard employed so often
+    must denote the name of the country."
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia.
+
+
+_Railway Signals._--An effective communication from the guard to the
+engineman, for the prevention of railway accidents, seems to be an
+important desideratum, which has hitherto baffled the ingenuity of
+philosophers. The only proposed plan likely to be adopted, is that of a
+cord passing below the foot-boards, and placing the valve of the steam
+whistle under the control of the guard. The trouble attending this
+scheme, and the liability to neglect and disarrangement, render its
+success doubtful. What I humbly suggest is, that the guard should be
+provided with an independent instrument which would produce a sound
+sufficiently loud to catch the ear of the engineman. Suppose, for
+instance, that the mouth-piece of a clarionet, or the windpipe of a
+duck, or a metallic imitation, were affixed to the muzzle of an air-gun,
+and the condensed air discharged through the confined aperture; a shrill
+sound would be emitted. Surely, then, a small instrument might be
+contrived upon this principle, powerful enough to arrest the attention
+of the engineer, if not equal to the familiar shriek of the present
+whistle.
+
+It is hoped that this hint will be followed up; that your publication
+will sustain its character by thus providing a medium of
+intercommunication for these worthies, who can respectively lay claim to
+the titles of men of science and men of _letters_, and that some
+experimenter "when found will make a _note_"--a stunning one.
+
+T. C.
+
+
+_A Centenarian Trading Vessel._--There is a small smack now trading in
+the Bristol Channel, in excellent condition and repair, and likely to
+last for many years, called the "Fanny," which was built in 1753. This
+vessel belongs to Porlock, in the port of Bridgewater, and was
+originally built at Aberthaw in South Wales. Can any of your readers
+refer to any other _trading_ vessel so old as this?
+
+ANON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+QUERIES.
+
+
+BISHOP KEN.
+
+At what place, and by what bishop, was he ordained, in 1661? His
+ordination probably took place in the diocese of Oxford, London,
+Winchester, or Worcester. The discovery of it has hitherto baffled much
+research.
+
+Jon Ken, an elder brother of the Bishop, was Treasurer of the East India
+Company in 1683. Where can anything be learned of him? Is there any
+mention of him in the books of the East India Company? Was he the Ken
+mentioned in Roger North's _Lives of the Norths_, as one of the
+court-rakes? When did he die, and where was he buried? This Jon Ken
+married Rose, the daughter of Sir Thomas Vernon, of Coleman Street, and
+by her is said (by Hawkins) to have had a daughter, married to the
+Honorable Christopher Frederick Kreienberg, Hanoverian Resident in
+London. Did M. Kreienberg die in this country, or can anything be
+ascertained of him or his wife?
+
+The Bishop wrote to James II. a letter of intercession on behalf of the
+rebels in 1685. Can this letter be found in the State-Paper Office, or
+elsewhere?
+
+In answer to a sermon preached by Bishop Ken, on 5th May, 1687, one F.
+I. R., designating himself "a most loyal Irish subject of the _Company
+of Jesuits_," wrote some "Animadversions." Could this be the "fath. Jo.
+Reed," a _Benedictine_, mentioned in the Life of A. Wood, under date of
+July 21, 1671? Father Reed was author of _Votiva Tabula_. Can any one
+throw any light on this?
+
+J. J. J.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MINOR QUERIES.
+
+
+_Canute's Reproof to his Courtiers._--Opposite the Southampton Docks, in
+the Canute Road, is the Canute Hotel, with this inscription in front:
+"Near this spot, A.D. 1028, Canute reproved his courtiers." The building
+is of very recent date.
+
+Query, Is there any and what authority for the statement?
+
+SALOPIAN.
+
+
+_The Sign of the Cross in the Greek Church._--The members of the Greek
+Church sign themselves with the sign of the cross in a different manner
+from those of the Western Church. What is the difference?
+
+J. C. B.
+
+
+_Reverend Richard Midgley, Vicar of Rochdale, temp. Eliz._--Dr. T. D.
+Whitaker mentions, in a note in his _Life of Sir George Radcliffe,
+Knt._, p. 4., 4to. 1810, that at an obscure inn in North Wales he once
+met with a very interesting account of Midgley in a collection of lives
+of pious persons, {381} made about the time of Charles I.; but adds,
+that he had forgotten the title, and had never since been able to obtain
+the book. Can any reader of "N. & Q." identify this "collection," or
+furnish any particulars of Midgley not recorded by Brook, Calamy, or
+Hunter?
+
+F. R. R.
+
+
+_Huet's Navigations of Solomon._--Can you or any of your readers inform
+me if the treatise referred to in the accompanying extract was ever
+published? and, if so, what was the result as to the assertions there
+made?
+
+_The History of the Commerce and Navigation of the Ancients. Written in
+French by Monsieur Huet, Bishop of Avranches. Made English from the
+Paris Edition. London: Printed for B. Lintot, between the Temple Gates,
+in Fleet Street, and Mears, at the Lamb, without Temple Bar._ 1717.
+
+    "2dly. It is here we must lay down the most important remark, in
+    point of commerce; and I shall undeniably establish the truth of
+    it in a treatise which I have begun concerning the navigations
+    of Solomon, that the Cape of Good Hope was known, often
+    frequented, and doubled in Solomon's time, and so it was
+    likewise for many years after; and that the Portuguese, to whom
+    the glory of this discovery has been attributed, were not the
+    first that found out this place, but mere secondary
+    discoverers."--P. 20.
+
+EDINA.
+
+Edinburgh.
+
+
+_Sheriff of Worcestershire in 1781._--Will any one of your
+correspondents inform me who was sheriff of Worcestershire in the year
+1781*, and give his arms, stating the source of his knowledge on these
+points, to much oblige
+
+Y.
+
+    [* John Darke of Breedon, Esq. See Nash's _Worcestershire_,
+    Supplement, p. 102.--ED.]
+
+_Tree of the Thousand Images._--Father Huc, in his journey to Thibet,
+gives an account of a singular tree, bearing this title, and of which
+the peculiarity is that its leaves and bark are covered with
+well-defined characters of the Thibetian alphabet. The tree seen by MM.
+Huc and Gabet appeared to them to be of great {385} age, and is said by
+the inhabitants to be the only one of its kind known in the country.
+According to the account given by these travellers, the letters would
+appear to be formed by the veins of the leaves; the resemblance to
+Thibetian characters was such as to strike them with astonishment, and
+they were inclined at first to suspect fraud, but, after repeated
+
+observations, arrived at the conclusion that none existed. Do botanists
+know or conjecture anything about this tree?
+
+C. W. G.
+
+
+_De Burgh Family._--I shall feel much obliged for references to the
+early seals of the English branch of the family of De Burgh, descended
+from Harlowen De Burgh, and Arlotta, mother of William the Conqueror,
+especially of that English branch whose armorial bearings were--Or a
+cross gules: also for information whether the practice, in reference to
+the spelling of names, was such as to render _Barow_, of the latter part
+of the fifteenth century, Aborough some fifty years afterwards.
+
+E. D. B.
+
+
+_Witchcraft Sermons at Huntingdon._--In an article on Witchcraft in the
+_Retrospective Review_ (vol. v. p. 121.), it is stated that, in 1593--
+
+    "An old man, his wife and daughter, were accused of bewitching
+    the five children of a Mr. Throgmorton, several servants, the
+    lady of Sir Samuel Cromwell, and other persons.... They were
+    executed, and their goods, which were of the value of forty
+    pounds, being escheated to Sir S. Cromwell, as lord of the
+    manor, he gave the amount to the mayor and aldermen of
+    Huntingdon, for a rent-charge of forty shillings yearly, to be
+    paid out of their town lands, for an annual lecture upon the
+    subject of witchcraft, to be preached at their town every
+    Lady-Day, by a doctor or bachelor of divinity, of Queen's
+    College, Cambridge."
+
+Is this sum yet paid, and the sermon still preached, or has it fallen
+into disuse now that it is unpopular to believe in witchcraft and
+diabolic possession? Have any of the sermons been published?
+
+EDWARD PEACOCK, Junior.
+
+Bottesford, Kirton in Lindsey.
+
+
+_Consort._--A former correspondent applied for a notice of Mons.
+Consort, said to have been a mystical impostor similar to the famous
+Cagliostro. I beg to renew the same inquiry.
+
+A. N.
+
+
+_Creole._--This word is variously represented in my Lexicons. Bailey
+says, "The descendant of an European, born in America," and with him
+agree the rest, with the exception of the _Metropolitana_; that
+Encyclop�dia gives the meaning, "The descendant of an European and an
+American Indian." A friend advocating the first meaning derives the word
+from the Spanish. Another friend, in favour of the second meaning,
+derives it originally from ~kerannumi~, _to mix_; which word is
+fetched, perhaps far-fetched, from ~keras~, the horn in which
+liquors are _mixed_. Light on this word would be acceptable.
+
+GILBERT N. SMITH.
+
+
+_Shearman Family._--Is there a family named _Shearman_ or _Sherman_ in
+Yorkshire, or in the city of York? What are their arms? Is there any
+record of any of that family settling in Ireland, in the county or city
+of Kilkenny, about the middle of the seventeenth century, or at an
+earlier period in Cork? Are there any genealogical records of them? Was
+Robert Shearman, warden of the hospital of St. Cross in Winchester, of
+that family? Was Roger Shearman, who signed the Declaration {382} of
+American Independence, a member of same? Is there any record of three
+brothers, Robert, Oliver, and Francis Shearman, coming to England in the
+army of William the Conqueror?
+
+JOHN F. SHEARMAN.
+
+Kilkenny.
+
+
+_Traitors' Ford._--There is a place called Traitors' Ford on the borders
+of Warwickshire and Oxfordshire, near the source of the little river
+Stour, about two miles from the village of Whichford, in the former
+county. What is the origin of the name? There is no notice of it in
+Dugdale's _Warwickshire_, nor is it mentioned in the older maps of the
+county of Warwick. The vicinity to the field of Edge-Hill would lead one
+to suppose it may be connected with some event of the period of the
+Civil Wars.
+
+SPES.
+
+
+"_Your most obedient humble Servant._"--In Beloe's _Anecdotes of
+Literature_, vol. ii. p. 93., mention is made of a poem entitled _The
+Historie of Edward the Second, surnamed Carnarvon_. The author, Sir
+Francis Hubert, in 1629, when closing the dedication of this poem to his
+brother, Mr. Richard Hubert, thus remarks:
+
+    "And so, humbly desiring the Almighty to blesse you both in
+    soule, body, and estate, I rest not your _servant_, according to
+    the _new_, and fine, but false phrase of the time, but in honest
+    old English, your loving brother and true friend for ever."
+
+Query, At what time, and with whom did this very common and most
+unmeaning term in English correspondence have its origin?
+
+W. W.
+
+Malta.
+
+
+_Version of a Proverb._--What, and where to be found, is the true
+version of "Qui facit per alium, facit per se?"
+
+P. J. F. GANTILLON, B.A.
+
+
+_Ellis Walker._--Can any reader of "N. & Q." give any information as to
+Ellis Walker, who made a _Poetical Paraphrase of the Enchiridion of
+Epictetus_? He dedicates it to "his honoured uncle, Mr. Samuel Walker of
+York," and speaks of having taken Epictetus for his companion when he
+fled from the "present troubles in Ireland." My edition is printed in
+London, 1716, but of what edition is not mentioned; but I presume the
+work to have been of earlier date, probably in 1690-1, as indeed I find
+it to have been, by inserted addresses to the author, of date in the
+latter year. Any information as to the translator will oblige.
+
+A. B. R.
+
+Belmont.
+
+
+"_The Northerne Castle._"--Pepys, in his _Diary_, 14th September, 1667,
+says, "To the King's playhouse, to see _The Northerne Castle_, which I
+think I never did see before." Is anything known of this play and its
+authorship? or was it _The Northern Lass_, by Richard Brome, first
+published in 1632? Perhaps Pepys has quoted the second title of some
+play.
+
+J. Y.
+
+
+_Prayer-Book in French._--Can any of your readers give some satisfactory
+information respecting the earliest translations of the English
+Prayer-Book into French? By whom, when, for whom, were they first made?
+Does any copy still exist of one (which I have seen somewhere alluded
+to) published before Dean Durel's editions? By what authority have they
+been put forth? Is there any information to be found collected by any
+writer on this subject?
+
+O. W. J.
+
+
+_"Navita Erythr�um," &c._--Running the risk of being smiled at for my
+ignorance, I wish to have a reference to the following lines:
+
+    "Navita Erythr�um pavidus qui navigat �quor,
+     In pror� et puppis summo resonantia pendet
+     Tintinnabula; eo sonitu pr�grandia Cete,
+     Balenas, et monstra marina a navibus arcet."
+
+H. T. ELLACOMBE.
+
+
+_Edmund Burke._--Can any of your correspondents tell me when and where
+he was married?
+
+B. E. B.
+
+
+_Plan of London._--Is there any good plan of London, showing its present
+extent? The answer is, None. What is more, there never was a decent plan
+of this vast metropolis. There is published occasionally, on a small
+sheet of paper, a wretched and disgraceful pretence to one, bedaubed
+with paint. Can you explain the cause of this? Every other capital in
+Europe has handsome plans, easy to be obtained: nay more, almost every
+provincial town, whether in this country or on the Continent, possesses
+better engraved and more accurate plans than this great capital can
+pretend to. Try and use your influence to get this defect supplied.
+
+L. S. W.
+
+
+_Minchin._--Could any of your Irish correspondents give me any
+information with regard to the sons of Col. Thomas Walcot (c. 1683), or
+the families of Minchin and Fitzgerald, co. Tipperary, he would much
+oblige
+
+M.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS.
+
+
+_Leapor's "Unhappy Father."_--Can you tell me where the scene of this
+play, a tragedy by Mary Leapor, is laid, and the names of the _dramatis
+person�_? It is to be found in the second volume of _Poems_, by Mary
+Leapor, 8vo. 1751. This authoress was the daughter of a gardener in
+Northamptonshire, and the only education she received consisted in being
+taught reading and writing. She was born in 1722, and died in 1746, at
+the early age of twenty-four. Her poetical {383} merit is commemorated
+in the Rev. John Duncombe's poem of the _Feminead_.
+
+A.Z.
+
+    [The scene, a gentleman's country house. The _dramatis person�_:
+    Dycarbas, the unhappy father; Lycander and Polonius, sons of
+    Dycarbas, in love with Terentia; Eustathius, nephew of Dycarbas,
+    and husband of Emilia; Leonardo, cousin of Eustathius; Paulus,
+    servant of Dycarbas; Plynus, servant to Eustathius; Timnus,
+    servant to Polonius; Emilia, daughter of Dycarbas; Terentia, a
+    young lady under the guardianship of Dycarbas; Claudia, servant
+    to Terentia.]
+
+
+_Meaning of "The Litten" or "Litton."_--This name is given to a small
+piece of land, now pasture, inclosed within the moat of the ancient
+manor of Marwell, formerly Merewelle, in Hants, once the property of the
+see of Winchester. It does not appear to have been ever covered by
+buildings. What is the meaning or derivation of the term? Does the name
+exist in any other place, as applied to a piece of land situated as the
+above-described piece? I have spelt it as pronounced by the bailiff of
+the farm.
+
+W. H. G.
+
+Winchester.
+
+   [Junius and Ray derive it from the Anglo-Saxon lictun,
+   _coemiterium_, a burying-place. Our correspondent, however, will
+   find its etymology discussed in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, vol.
+   lxxviii. pp. 216. 303. and 319.]
+
+
+_St. James' Market House._--In a biography of Richard Baxter, the
+Nonconformist divine, about 1671:
+
+    "Mr. Baxter came up to London, and was one of the Tuesday
+    lecturers at Pinner's Hall, and a Friday lecturer at Fetter
+    Lane; but on Sundays he for some time preached only
+    occasionally, and afterwards more statedly in St. James's Market
+    House."
+
+Where was the Market House situate?
+
+P. T.
+
+    [Cunningham, in his _Handbook of London_, under the head of St.
+    James' Market, Jermyn Street, St. James', tells us that "here,
+    in a room over the Market House, preached Richard Baxter, the
+    celebrated Nonconformist. On the occasion of his first Sermon,
+    the main beam of the building cracked beneath the weight of the
+    congregation." We recollect the old market and Market House,
+    which must have stood on the ground now occupied by Waterloo
+    Place.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+REPLIES.
+
+
+GRUB STREET JOURNAL.
+
+(Vol. vii., pp. 108. 268.)
+
+REGINENSIS has been referred by F. R. A. to Drake's _Essays_ for an
+account of this journal. Drake's account is, however, very incorrect.
+The _Grub Street Journal_ did not terminate, as he states, on the 24th
+August, 1732, but was continued in the original folio size to the 29th
+Dec., 1737; the last No. being 418., instead of 138., as he incorrectly
+gives it. He appears to have supposed that the 12mo. abridgment in two
+volumes contained all the essays in the paper; whereas it did not
+comprise more than a third of them. He mentions as the principal writers
+Dr. Richard Russel and Dr. John Martyn. Budgell, however, in _The Bee_
+(February, 1733) says, "The person thought to be at the head of the
+paper is Mr. R--l (Russel), a nonjuring clergyman, Mr. P--e (Pope), and
+some other gentlemen." Whether Pope wrote in it or not, it seems to have
+been used as a vehicle by his friends for their attacks upon his foes,
+and the war against the Dunces is carried on with great wit and spirit
+in its pages. It is by far the most entertaining of the old newspapers,
+and throws no small light upon the literary history of the time. I have
+a complete series of the journal in folio, as well as of the
+continuation, in a large 4to. form, under the title of _The Literary
+Courier of Grub Street_, which commenced January 5, 1738, and appears to
+have terminated at the 30th No., on the 27th July, 1738. I never saw
+another complete copy. _The Grub Street Journal_ would afford materials
+for many curious and amusing extracts. One very entertaining part of it
+is the "Domestic News," under which head it gives the various and often
+contradictory accounts of the daily newspapers, with a most humorous
+running commentary.
+
+JAMES CROSSLEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+STONE PILLAR WORSHIP.
+
+(Vol. v., p. 122.)
+
+SIR JAMES EMERSON TENNENT, in his learned and curious Note on stone
+worship in Ireland, desires information as to the present existence of
+worship of stone pillars in Orkney. When he says it continued till a
+late period, I suppose he must allude to the standing stone at Stenness,
+perforated by a hole, with the sanctity attached to promises confirmed
+by the junction of hands through the hole, called the promise of Odin.
+Dr. Daniel Wilson enters into this fully in _Pr�historic Annals of
+Scotland_, pp. 99, 100, 101. It has been told myself that if a lad and
+lass promised marriage with joined hands through the hole, the promise
+was held to be binding. Whence the sanctity attached to such a promise I
+could not ascertain to be known, and I did not hear of any other
+superstition connected with this stone, which was destroyed in 1814. In
+the remote island of North Ronaldshay is another standing stone,
+perforated by a hole, but there is no superstition of this nature
+attached to it. At the Yule time the inhabitants danced about it, and
+when there were yule dancings in neighbouring houses, they began the
+dancing at the stone, and danced from the stone all the road to what was
+called to {384} me the dancing-house. The sword dance, with a great
+deal of intricate crossing, and its peculiar simple tune, still exists
+in Orkney, but is not danced with swords, though I heard of clubs or
+sticks having been substituted. There are found in these islands the two
+circles of stones at Stenness, and single standing stones. One of these,
+at Swannay in Birsay, is said by tradition to have been raised to mark
+the spot where the procession rested when carrying the body of St.
+
+Magnus after his murder in Egilshay in 1110, from that island to
+Christ's Kirk in Birsay, where it was first interred. Here is a date and
+a purpose. The single standing stones, in accordance with SIR JAMES'S
+opinion, and to use nearly his expressions, are said to mark the
+burial-places of distinguished men, to commemorate battles and great
+events, and to denote boundaries; and these, and still more the circles,
+are objects of respect as belonging to ages gone by, but principally
+with the educated classes, and there is no superstition remaining with
+any. Such a thing as the swathing stone of South Inchkea is not known to
+have existed. The stones in the two circles, and the single standing
+stones, are all plain; but there was found lately a stone of the
+sculptured symbolical class, inserted to form the base of a window in
+St. Peter's Kirk, South Ronaldshay, and another of the same class in the
+island of Bressay, in Zetland. The first is now in the Museum of
+Scottish Antiquaries in Edinburgh; and the Zetland stone, understood to
+be very curious, is either there or in Newcastle, and both are forming
+the subject of antiquarian inquiry.
+
+W. H. F.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+AUTOGRAPHS IN BOOKS.
+
+(_Continued from_ Vol. vii., p. 255.)
+
+The following are probably trifling, but may be considered worth
+recording. Facing the title-page to _The Works of Mr. Alexander Pope_,
+London, W. Bowyer, for Bernard Lintot, &c., 1717, 8vo., no date at end
+of preface, is in (no doubt) his own hand:
+
+    "To the Right Honorable the Lord Viscount Bolingbroke, from his
+    ever-oblig'd, most faithfull, and affectionate servant, ALEX.
+    POPE."
+
+Cranmer's _Bible_, title gone, but at end, Maye 1541:
+
+    "This Bible was given to me by my ffather Coke when I went to
+    keepe Christmas with him at Holckam, anno Domini 1658. WILL.
+    COBBE."
+
+Sir William Cobbe of Beverley, York, knight, married Winifred, sixth
+daughter of John (fourth son of the chief justice), who was born 9th
+May, 1589.
+
+This copy has, before Joshua and Psalms, a page of engravings, being the
+"seconde" and "thyrde parte;" also before the New Testament, the
+well-known one of Henry VIII. giving the Bible, but the space for
+Cromwell's arms is left blank or white. Cromwell was executed July 1540;
+but do his arms appear in the 1540 impressions?
+
+Cranmer's quarterings are, 1 and 4, Cranmer; 2, six lions r.; 3, fusils
+of Aslacton. In the _Gent. Mag._, vol. lxii. pp. 976. 991., is an
+engraving of a stone of Cranmer's father, with the fusils on his right,
+and Cranmer on his left. The note at p. 991. calls the birds cranes, but
+states that Glover's Yorkshire and other pedigrees have pelicans; and
+Southey (_Book of the Church_, ii. p. 97.) states that Henry VIII.
+altered the cranes to pelicans, telling him that he, like them, should
+be ready to shed his blood. The engraving, however, clearly represents
+drops of blood falling, and those in the Bible appear to be pelicans
+also.
+
+This Bible has the days of the month in MS. against the proper psalms,
+and where a leaf has been repaired, "A.D. 1608, per me Davidem Winsdon
+curate."
+
+A. C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GRINDLE.
+
+(Vol. vii., pp. 107. 307.)
+
+I think I can supply I. E. with another example of the application of
+this name to a place. A few miles east or south-east of Exeter, on the
+borders of a waste tract of down extending from Woodbury towards the
+sea, there is a village which is spelt on the ordnance map, and is
+commonly called, _Greendale_. In strictness there are, I believe, two
+Greendales, an upper and a lower Greendale. A small stream, tributary to
+the Clyst river, flows past them.
+
+Now this place formerly belonged to the family of Aumerle, or Alba
+Marla, as part of the manor of Woodbury. From that family it passed to
+William Briwere, the founder of Tor Abbey, and was by him made part of
+the endowment of that monastery in the reign of Richard I. In the two
+cartularies of that house, of which abstracts will be found in Oliver's
+_Monasticon_, there are many instruments relating to this place, which
+is there called Grendel, Grindel, and Gryndell. In none of them does the
+name of Greendale occur, which appears to be a very recent form. Even
+Lysons, in his _Devonshire_, does not seem to be aware of this mode of
+spelling it, but always adopts one of the old ways of writing the word.
+
+I have not seen the spot very lately, but, according to the best of my
+recollection, it has not now any feature in keeping with the
+mythological character of the fiend of the moor and fen. The
+neighbouring district of down and common land would not be an
+inappropriate habitat for such a personage. It has few trees of any
+pretension to age, and is still covered in great part with a dark and
+scanty vegetation, which is sufficiently dreary except at those seasons
+when the brilliant colours of the blooming heath and dwarf furze give it
+an aspect of remarkable beauty.
+
+Whether the present name of Greendale be a mere corruption of the
+earliest name, or be not, in fact, a restoration of it to its original
+meaning, is a matter which I am not prepared to discuss. As a general
+rule, a sound etymologist will not hastily desert an obvious and trite
+explanation to go in search of a more recondite import. He will not have
+recourse to the devil for the solution of a _nodus_, till he has
+exhausted more legitimate sources of assistance.
+
+The "N. & Q." have readers nearer to the spot in question than I am, who
+may, perhaps, be able to throw some light on the subject, and inform us
+whether Greendale still possesses the trace of any of those natural
+features which would justify the demoniacal derivation proposed by I. E.
+It must not, however, be forgotten that three centuries and a half of
+laborious culture bestowed upon the property by the monks of Tor, must
+have gone far to exorcise and reclaim it.
+
+E. S.
+
+Some years ago I asked the meaning of _Grindle_ or _Grundle_, as applied
+to a deep, narrow watercourse at Wattisfield in Suffolk. The Grundle
+lies between the high road and the "Croft," adjoining a mansion which
+once belonged to the Abbots of Bury. The clear and rapid water was
+almost hidden by brambles and underwood; and the roots of a row of fine
+trees standing in the Croft were washed bare by its winter fury. The
+bank on that side was high and broken; the bed of the Grundle I observed
+to lie above the surface of the road, on the opposite side of which the
+ground rises rapidly to the table land of clay. My fancy instantly
+suggested a river flowing through this hollow, and the idea was
+strengthened by the appearance of the landscape. The village stands on
+irregular ground, descending by steep slopes into narrow valleys and
+contracted meadows. I can well imagine that water was an enemy or
+"fiend" to the first settlers, and I was told that in winter the Grundle
+is still a roaring brook.
+
+I find I have a Note that "in Charters, places bearing the name Grendel
+are always connected with water."
+
+F. C. B.
+
+Diss.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ROGER OUTLAWE.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 332.)
+
+MR. ELLACOMBE will find some account of this personage, who was Prior of
+Kilmainham, and for several years served the office of Lord Justice of
+Ireland, in Holinshed's _Chronicles of Ireland_, sub anno 1325, _et
+seq._: also in "The Annals of Ireland," in the second volume of Gibson's
+_Camden_, 3rd edition, sub eod. anno. He was nearly related to the lady
+Alice Kettle, and her son William Utlawe, al. Outlaw; against whom that
+singular charge of sorcery was brought by Richard Lederede, Bishop of
+Ossory. The account of this charge is so curious that, for the benefit
+of those readers of "N. & Q." who may not have the means of referring to
+the books above cited, I am tempted to extract it from Holinshed:
+
+    "In these daies lived, in the Diocese of Ossorie, the Ladie
+    Alice Kettle, whome the Bishop ascited to purge hir selfe of the
+    fame of inchantment and witchcraft imposed unto hir, and to one
+    Petronill and Basill, hir complices. She was charged to have
+    nightlie conference with a spirit called Robin Artisson, to
+    whome she sacrificed in the high waie nine red cocks, and nine
+    peacocks' eies. Also, that she swept the streets of Kilkennie
+    betweene compleine and twilight, raking all the filth towards
+    the doores of hir sonne William Outlaw, murmuring and muttering
+    secretlie with hir selfe these words:
+
+    "'To the house of William my sonne
+     Hie all the wealth of Kilkennie towne.'
+
+    "At the first conviction, they abjured and did penance; but
+    shortlie after, they were found in relapse, and then was
+    Petronill burnt at Kilkennie: the other twaine might not be
+    heard of. She, at the hour of hir death, accused the said
+    William as privie to their sorceries, whome the bishop held in
+    durance nine weeks; forbidding his keepers to eat or to drinke
+    with him, or to speake to him more than once in the daie. But at
+    length, thorough the sute and instance of Arnold le Powre, then
+    seneschall of Kilkennie, he was delivered, and after corrupted
+    with bribes the seneschall to persecute the bishop: so that he
+    thrust him into prison for three moneths. In rifling the closet
+    of the ladie, they found a wafer of sacramentall bread, having
+    the divel's name stamped thereon insteed of Jesus Christ's; and
+    a pipe of ointment, wherewith she greased a staffe, upon which
+    she ambled and gallopped thorough thicke and thin when and in
+    what maner she listed. This businesse about these witches
+    troubled all the state of Ireland the more; for that the ladie
+    was supported by certeine of the nobilitie, and lastlie conveied
+    over into England; since which time it could never be understood
+    what became of hir."
+
+Roger Outlawe, the Prior of Kilmainham, was made Lord Justice for the
+first time in 1327. The Bishop of Ossory was then seeking his revenge on
+Arnold le Powre, for he had given information against him as being--
+
+    "Convented and convicted in his consistorie of certeine
+    hereticall opinions; but because the beginning of Powres
+    accusation concerned the justice's kinsman, and the bishop was
+    mistrusted to prosecute his owne wrong, and the person of the
+    man, rather than the fault, a daie was limited for the
+    justifieing of the bill, the partie being apprehended and
+    respited thereunto. This dealing the bishop (who durst not
+    stirre out of {386} Kilkennie to prosecute his accusation) was
+    reputed parciall: and when by meanes hereof the matter hanged in
+    suspense, he infamed the said prior as an abettor and favourer
+    of Arnold's heresie. The Prior submitted himselfe to the trial."
+
+Proclamation was made, "That it should be lawful for anie man ... to
+accuse, &c. the Lord Justice; but none came." In the end, six
+inquisitors were appointed to examine the bishops and other persons, and
+they--
+
+    "All with universal consent deposed for the Prior, affirming
+    that (to their judgements) he was a zelous and a faithfull child
+    of the Catholike Church. In the meane time, Arnold le Powre, the
+    prisoner, deceased in the castell; and because he stood
+    unpurged, long he laie unburied."
+
+In 1332, William Outlawe is said to have been Prior of Kilmainham, and
+lieutenant of John Lord Darcie, Lord Justice.
+
+This Bishop of Ossorie, Richard Lederede, was a minorite of London: he
+had a troubled episcopate, and was long in banishment in England. I have
+met with his name in the Register of Adam de Orlton, Bishop of
+Winchester, where he is recorded as assisting that prelate in some of
+his duties, A.D. 1336. He died however peaceably in his see, and was a
+benefactor to his cathedral. (See Ware's _History of Ireland_.)
+
+W. H. G.
+
+Winchester.
+
+    [It may be added, that much information respecting both Roger
+    Outlawe and the trial of Alice Kyteler would be found in the
+    interesting volume published by the Camden society in 1842,
+    under the editorship of Mr. Wright, entitled _Proceedings
+    against Dame Alice Kyteler, prosecuted for Sorcery in 1324_.]
+
+Your correspondent H. T. ELLACOMBE asks who this Roger Outlawe was, and
+expresses his surprise that a prior of a religious house should "sit as
+_locum tenens_ of a judge in a law court."
+
+But the words "tenens locum Johannis Darcy le cosyn justiciarii
+Hiberni�" do not imply that Outlawe sat as _locum tenens_ of a judge in
+a law court. For this Sir John Darcy was Lord Justice, or Lord
+Lieutenant (as we would now say), of Ireland, and Roger Outlawe was his
+_locum tenens_.
+
+Nothing, however, was more common at that period than for ecclesiastics
+to be judges in law courts; and it happens that this very Roger was Lord
+Chancellor of Ireland in 1321 to 1325, and again, 1326--1330: again,
+1333: again (a fourth time), 1335: and a fifth time in 1339: for even
+then, as now, we were cursed in Ireland by perpetual changes of
+administration and of law officers, so that we have scarcely had any
+uniform practice, and our respect for law has been proportionally small.
+
+Sir John Darcy was Lord Justice, or Lord Lieutenant, in 1322, in 1324,
+in 1328 (in which year Roger Outlawe was his _locum tenens_ during his
+absence), in 1322, and on to 1340.
+
+Roger Outlawe was Lord Justice, either in his own right or as _locum
+tenens_ for others, in 1328, 1330, and 1340, in which last year he died
+in office. His death is thus recorded in Clyn's _Annals_ (edited by Dean
+Butler for the Irish Arch�ological Society), p. 29.:
+
+    "Item die Martis, in crastino beat� Agath� virginis, obiit
+    frater Rogerus Outlawe, prior hospitalis in Hibernia, apud Any,
+    tunc locum justiciarii tenens: et etiam Cancellarius Domini
+    Regis, trium simul functus officio. Vir prudens et graciosus,
+    qui multas possessiones, ecclesias, et redditus ordini suo
+    adquisivit sua industria, et regis Angli� gratia speciali et
+    licentia."
+
+To this day, in the absence of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, _Lords
+Justices_ are appointed.
+
+J. H. TODD.
+
+Trin. Coll., Dublin.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PROSPECTUS TO CIBBER'S "LIVES OF THE POETS."
+
+(Vol. v., pp. 25. 65.; Vol. vii., p. 341.)
+
+I am obliged to DR. RIMBAULT for noticing, what had escaped me, that
+this Prospectus has been reprinted in the _Censura Literaria_, vol. vi.
+p. 352. With respect to my ground for attributing it to Johnson, it
+will, I think, be obvious enough to any one who reads my remarks, that
+it was on the internal evidence alone, on which, as every one is aware,
+many additions have been made to his acknowledged compositions. Your
+correspondent C., with whom I always regret to differ, is so far at
+variance with me as to state it as his opinion that "nothing can be less
+like Johnson's peculiar style," and refers me to a note, with which I
+was perfectly familiar, to show--but which I must say I cannot see that
+it does in the slightest degree--"that it is impossible that Johnson
+could have written this Prospectus." Another correspondent, whose
+communication I am unable immediately to refer to, likewise recorded his
+dissent from my conclusion. Next follows DR. RIMBAULT, whom I understand
+to differ from me also, and who says (but where is the authority for the
+statement?) "Haslewood believed it to have been the production of
+Messrs. Cibber and Shields." I have every respect for Haslewood as a
+diligent antiquary, but I confess I do not attach much weight to his
+opinion on a question of critical taste or nice discrimination of style.
+I had, as I have observed, assigned the Prospectus to Dr. Johnson on the
+internal evidence alone; but since it appeared in "N. & Q." I have
+become aware of an important corroboration of my opinion in a copy of
+Cibber's _Lives_ which formerly belonged to Isaac Reed, and which I have
+recently purchased. At the beginning of the first volume he has pasted
+in the Prospectus, and under it is the following note in his {387}
+handwriting: "The above advertisement was written or revised by Dr.
+Johnson.--J. R." Reed's general correctness and capacity of judging in
+literary matters are too well known to render it necessary for me to
+enlarge upon them; and with this support I am quite content to leave the
+point in issue between your correspondents and myself to the decision of
+that part of your readers who take an interest in similar literary
+questions.
+
+It will be observed that I have confined myself in my remarks to the
+Prospectus exclusively. The authorship of the _Lives_ themselves is
+another question, and a very curious one, and not, by any means, as your
+correspondent C. appears to think, "settled." Perhaps I may, on a future
+occasion, trouble you with some remarks upon the _Lives_ in detail,
+endeavouring to assign the respective portions to the several
+contributors.
+
+JAMES CROSSLEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PIC-NIC.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 23.)
+
+As I consider that the true origin of _pic-nic_ remains yet to be
+discovered, permit me to try and trace the word through France into
+Italy, and to endeavour to show that the land with the "fatal gift of
+beauty" was its birthplace; and that when the Medici married into
+France, the august ladies probably imported, together with fans, gloves,
+and poisons, a pastime which, under the name of _pique-nique_, became,
+as Leroux says in his _Dictionnaire Comique_, "un divertissement fort �
+la mode � Paris."
+
+I will not occupy space by quoting the article "at length" from Leroux,
+but the substance is this:--Persons of quality, of both sexes, who
+wished to enjoy themselves, and feast together, either in the open air
+or in the house of one of the number, imposed upon each one the task of
+bringing some particular article, or doing some particular duty in
+connexion with the feast. And to show how stringent was the expression
+_pique-nique_ in imposing a specific task, Leroux quotes "consid�rant
+que chacun avait besoin de ses pi�ces, pronon�a un _arr�t_ de
+pique-nique." (_Rec. de Pi�c. Com._)
+
+Thus, I think Leroux and also Cotgrave show that the word _pique-nique_
+involves the idea of a task, or particular office, undertaken by each
+individual for the general benefit.
+
+Let us now go to Italian, and look at the word _nicchia_. Both from
+Alberti and from Baretti we find it to bear the meaning of "a charge, a
+duty, or an employment;" and if before this word we place the adjective
+_piccola_, we have _piccola nicchia_, "a small task, or trifling service
+to be performed." Now I think no one can fail to see the identity of the
+_meanings_ of the expressions _piccola nicchia_ and _pique-nique_; but
+it remains to show how the words themselves may be identical. Those who
+have been in the habit of reading much of the older Italian authors
+(subsequent to Boccacio) will bear me out in my statement of the
+frequency of contraction of words in familiar use: the plays,
+particularly, show it, from the dialogues in Machiavelli or Goldoni to
+the libretto of a modern opera; so much as to render it very probable
+that _piccola nicchia_ might stand as _picc' nicc'_, just as we
+ourselves have been in the habit of degrading _scandalum magnatum_ into
+_scan. mag._ It only remains now to carry this _picc' nicc'_ into
+France, and, according to what is usual in Gallicising Italian words, to
+change the _c_ or _ch_ into _que_, to have what I started with, viz. the
+_divertissement_ concerning which Leroux enlarges, and in which, I am
+afraid, it may be said I have followed his example.
+
+However, I consider the _Decameron_ of Boccacio as a probable period
+where the temporary queen of the day would impose the _arr�t_ of
+_pique-nique_ upon her subjects; and when I look over the engravings of
+the manners and customs of the Italians of the Middle Ages, all
+indicating the frequency of the _al fresco_ banquets, and find that
+subsequently Watteau and Lancret revel in similar amusements in France,
+where the personages of the _f�te_ manifestly wear Italian-fashioned
+garments; and when we are taught that such parties of pleasure were
+called _pique-niques_, I think it is fair to infer that the expression
+is a Gallicised one from an Italian phrase of the same signification.
+
+I do not know if it will be conceded that I have proved my case
+_positively_, but I might go so far _negatively_ as to show that in no
+other European language can I find any word or words which, having a
+similar sound, will bear an analysis of adaptation; and though there is
+every probability that the custom of _pic-nic_ing obtained in preference
+in the sunny south, there are few, I think, that would rush for an
+explanation into the Eastern languages, on the plea that the Crusaders,
+being in the habit of _al fresco_ banquetting, might have brought home
+the expression _pic-nic_.
+
+JOHN ANTHONY, M.D.
+
+Washwood, Birmingham.
+
+This word would seem to be derived from the French. Wailly, in his
+_Nouveau Vocabulaire_, describes it as "repas o� chacun paye son �cot,"
+a feast towards which each guest contributes a portion of the expense.
+Its etymology is thus explained by Girault-Duvivier, in his _Grammaire
+des Grammaires_:
+
+    "_Pique-nique_, plur. des _pique-nique_: des repas o� ceux qui
+    _piquent_, qui _mangent_, font signe de la t�te qu'ils paieront.
+
+    "Les Allemands, dit M. Lemare, ont aussi leur _picknick_, qui a
+    le m�me sens que le n�tre. _Picken_ signifie _piquer_,
+    _becqueter_, et _nicken_ signifie _faire signe de la {388} t�te_.
+    _Pique-nique_ est donc, comme _passe-passe_, un compos� de deux
+    verbes; Il est dans l'analogie de cette phrase, 'Qui touche,
+    mouille.'"
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PETER STERRY AND JEREMIAH WHITE.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 38.)
+
+Your correspondent's inquiry with respect to the missing MSS. of Peter
+Sterry, which were intended to form a second volume of his posthumous
+works, published without printer's name in 1710, 4to., and of which MSS.
+a list is given in vol. i., does not seem to have led to any result. As
+I feel equal interest with himself in every production of Sterry, I am
+tempted again to repeat the Query, in the hope of some discovery being
+made of these valuable remains. I have no doubt the editor of the
+"Appearance of God to Man," and the other discourses printed in the
+first volume, was R. Roach, who edited Jeremiah White's _Persuasion to
+Moderation_, Lond., 1708, 8vo.; and afterwards published _The Great
+Crisis_, and _The Imperial Standard of Messiah Triumphant_, 1727, 8vo.;
+and probably Sterry's MSS. may be found if Roach's papers can be traced.
+It is curious that a similar loss of MSS. seems to have occurred with
+regard to several of the works of Jeremiah White, who, like Sterry, was
+a chaplain of Cromwell (how well that great man knew how to select
+them!), and, like Sterry, was of that admirable Cambridge theological
+school which Whichcot, John Smith, and Cudworth have made so renowned.
+Neither of these distinguished men have yet, that I am aware of, found
+their way into any biographical dictionary. White is slightly noticed by
+Calamy (vol. ii. p. 57.; vol. iv. p. 85.). Sterry, it appears, died on
+Nov. 19, 1672. White survived him many years, and died in the
+seventy-eighth year of his age, 1707. Of the latter, there is an
+engraved portrait; of the former, none that I know of; nor am I aware of
+the burial-place of either. The works which I have met with of Sterry
+are his seven sermons preached before Parliament, &c., and published in
+different years; his _Rise, Race, and Royalty of the Kingdom of God in
+the Soul of Man_, 1683, 4to.; his _Discourse of the Freedom of the Will_
+(a title which does not by any means convey the character of the book),
+Lond., 1675, fol.; and the 4to. before mentioned, being vol. i. of his
+_Remains_, published in 1710. Of White I only knew a Funeral Sermon on
+Mr. Francis Fuller; his _Persuasion to Moderation_, above noticed, which
+is an enlargement of part of his preface to Sterry's _Rise, &c._; and
+his _Treatise on the Restoration of all Things_, 1712, 8vo., which has
+recently been republished by Dr. Thom. To his _Persuasion_ is appended
+an advertisement:
+
+    "There being a design of publishing the rest of Mr. White's
+    works, any that have either Letters or other Manuscripts of his
+    by them are desired to communicate them to Mr. John Tarrey,
+    distiller, at the Golden Fleece, near Shadwick Dock."
+
+This design, with the exception of the publication of _The Restoration_,
+seems to have proved abortive. White entertained many opinions in common
+with Sterry, which he advocates with great power. He does not however,
+like his fellow chaplain, soar into the pure empyrean of theology with
+unfailing pinions. Sterry has frequently sentences which Milton might
+not have been ashamed to own. His _Discourse of the Freedom of the Will_
+is a noble performance, and the preface will well bear a comparison with
+Cudworth's famous sermon on the same subject.
+
+JAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES.
+
+
+_Colouring Collodion Portraits._--I shall be obliged if any brother
+photographer will kindly inform me, through the medium of "N. & Q.," the
+best method of colouring collodion portraits and views in a style
+similar to the hyalotypes shown at the Great Exhibition.
+
+We country photographers are much indebted to DR. DIAMOND for the
+valuable information we have obtained through his excellent papers in
+"N. & Q.," and perceiving he is shortly about to give us the benefit of
+his experience in a compact form, under the modest title of
+_Photographic Notes_, I suggest that, if one of his Notes should contain
+the best method of colouring collodion proofs, so as to render them
+applicable for dissolving views, &c., he will be conferring a benefit on
+many of your subscribers; and, as one of your oldest, allow me to
+subscribe myself
+
+PHOTO.
+
+
+_On some Points in the Collodion Process._--In your impression of this
+day's date (Vol. vii., p. 363.), the Rev. J. L. SISSON desires the
+opinion of other photographers relative to lifting the plate with the
+film of collodion up and down several times in the bath of nit. silv.
+solution; and as my experience on this point is diametrically opposed to
+his own, I venture to state it with the view of eliciting a discussion.
+
+The _evenness_ of the film is not at all dependent upon this practice;
+but its sensibility to light appears to be considerably increased.
+
+The plate, after being plunged in, should be allowed to repose quietly
+from twenty to thirty minutes, _and then rapidly_ slid in and out
+several times, until the liquid flows off in one continuous and even
+_sheet_ of liquid; and this also has a beneficial effect in washing off
+any little particles of collodion, dust, oxide, or any foreign matter
+which, if adherent, would form centres of chemical action, and cause
+spottiness in the negative.
+
+{389}
+I find that the plate is more sensitive also, if not exposed before all
+the exciting fluid that can be _drained off_ is got rid of; that is,
+while still quite moist, but without any _flowing_ liquid.
+
+As to redipping the plate before development, it is, I believe, _in
+general_ useless; but when the plate has got _very_ dry it may be dipped
+again, but should be then _well drained_ before the developing solution
+is applied.
+
+MR. F. MAXWELL LYTE (p. 364.) quotes the price of the purest iodide of
+potassium at 1s. 3d. per oz. I should be glad to know where it can
+be obtained, as I find the price constantly varies, and upon the last
+occasion I paid 4s. per oz., and I think never less than 1s. 8d.
+
+MR. L. MERRITT will probably succeed in applying the cement for a glass
+bath thus:--Place the pieces of glass upon wood of any kind in an oven
+with the door open until he can only just handle them; then, with a roll
+of the cement, melting the end in the flame of a spirit-lamp, apply it
+as if for sealing a letter. This should be done as quickly as possible.
+The glasses may then be passed over the flame of the lamp (in contact
+with it), so as to raise the temperature, until the cement is quite soft
+and nearly boiling (this can be done without heating the parts near the
+fingers); and while hot the two separate pieces should be applied by
+putting one down on a piece of wood covered with flannel, and pressing
+the other with any wooden instrument: metal in contact would cause an
+instantaneous fracture.
+
+MR. MERRITT's difficulty with the developing solutions depends most
+probably in the case of the pyrogallic acid mixture not having enough
+acetic acid. The protonitrate of iron, if made according to DR.
+DIAMOND's formula, does _not_ require any acetic acid, and flows quite
+readily; but the protosulphate solution requires a bath, and the same
+solution may be used over and over again.
+
+GEO. SHADBOLT.
+
+London, April 9, 1853.
+
+
+_Economical Iodizing Process._--MR. MAXWELL LYTE is probably as good a
+judge as myself, as to where any weak point or difficulty is found in
+iodizing paper with the carbonate of potass: if any chemical is likely
+to be the cause of unusual activity, it is the carbonic acid, and not
+the cyanide of potash. I still continue to use that formula, and have
+not iodized paper with any other: though I have made some variations
+which may perhaps be of use. I found that the nitrate of potash is
+almost the same in its effects as the carbonate. I would as soon use the
+one as the other; but the state I conceive to be the most effective, is
+the diluted liquor potass�: that would be with iodine about the same
+state as the iodide of potash, but hitherto I have not tried it, though
+mean to do so.
+
+I am not quite certain as to whether, theoretically, this position is
+right; but I find in iodide of potash, and in the above formula, that
+the iodine is absorbed in greater quantities by the silver, than the
+alkaline potash by the nitric acid. Thus, by using a solution for some
+time, it will at last contain but very little iodine at all, and not
+enough for the purpose of the photographer; hence it requires renewing.
+And I have lately observed that paper is much more effective, in every
+way, if it is floated on free iodine twice before it is used in the
+camera, viz. once when it is made, and again when it is dry: the last
+time containing a little bromine water and glacial acetic acid. It
+appears to me that the paper will absorb its proper dose of iodine
+better when dry, and the glacial acetic acid will set free any small
+amount of alkaline potash there may be on the surface; so that it will
+not embrown on applying gallic acid. By using the ammonio-nitrate of
+silver in iodizing, and proceeding as above, I find it all I can wish as
+far as regards the power of my camera. With this paper I can use an
+aperture of half an inch diameter, and take anything in the shade and
+open air in five or six minutes, in the sun in less time. The yellow
+colour also comes off better in the hypo. sulph.
+
+I think MR. MAXWELL LYTE has made a mistake as to the price he quotes:
+about here I cannot get any iodide of potash under 2s. per ounce, and
+the five grains to the ounce added to the common dose of nitrate of
+silver is hardly worth speaking of; it would amount, in fact, to about
+fifteen grains in a quire of Whatman's paper,--no great hardship,
+because many use much higher doses of silver for iodizing; forty grains
+to the ounce is not uncommonly used, but I believe twenty-five grains
+quite enough.
+
+I presume, in SIR WM. NEWTON's mode of treating positives, the acid of
+the alum decomposes the alkali of the hypo. sulph. And it would be, I
+suppose, better for the picture, if its state were entirely neutral when
+put away or framed; but if alum is added, acid must remain, since SIR
+WM. says it combines with the size. What I should imagine is, that the
+idea is good; but experience can only decide if the picture is better
+put away in an acid condition. I should think there are more available
+acids for the purpose, for alum has an injurious effect upon colour; and
+a positive is nothing but colour, the organic matter of the paper
+stained as it were by the silver: for, after all its washings and
+application of re-agents, no silver can possibly remain in the paper.
+The safest state therefore of putting away ought to be ascertained and
+decided upon; as it is no use doing them if they fade, or even lose
+their tones.
+
+WELD TAYLOR.
+
+N.B.--The iodized ammonio-nitrate paper will not bear exposure to the
+sun; it will keep any {390} length of time, but should be kept in a
+paper, and away from any considerable degree of light.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.
+
+
+_Bishop Juxon's Account of Vendible Books in England_ (Vol. vi., pp.
+515. 592.).--The following note in Wilson's _History of the Merchant
+Taylors' School_, p. 783., solves the Query respecting the authorship of
+this bibliographical work.
+
+    "_The Catalogue of Books in England alphabetically digested_,
+    printed at London, 1658, 4to., is ascribed to Bishop Juxon in
+    Osborne's _Catalogue_ for 1755, p. 40. But, as Mr. Watts, the
+    judicious librarian of Sion College, has observed to me, this is
+    no authority, the Epistle Dedicatory bearing internal evidence
+    against it. The author's name was _William London_, whence arose
+    the mistake!"
+
+J. YEOWELL.
+
+Hoxton.
+
+
+_Dutensiana_ (Vol. vi., p. 376.; Vol. vii., p. 26.).--The following
+statement, extracted from Qu�rard's _France Litt�raire_, sub voce
+Dutens, will account for the discrepancies mentioned by your
+correspondents with reference to the works of Louis Dutens.
+
+Dutens published three volumes of _Memoirs_, which he afterwards
+committed to the flames, out of consideration for certain living
+characters. He then published, in three volumes, his _M�moires d'un
+Voyageur qui se repose_, the two first containing the author's life, and
+the third being the _Dutensiana_.
+
+Your correspondent W. (Vol. vi., p. 376.) says that Dutens published at
+Geneva, in six volumes 4to., with prefaces, the entire works of
+Leibnitz. This statement is thus qualified by the _Biographie
+Universelle_:
+
+    "L. Dutens est l'Editeur de _Leibnitii opera omnia_, mais c'est
+    � tort que quelques bibliographes lui attribuent les
+    _Institutions Leibnitiennes_. Cet ouvrage est de l'Abb�
+    Sigorgne."
+
+The same correspondent inquires whether Dutens was not also the author
+of _Correspondence intecept�e_: and SIR W. C. TREVELYAN (Vol. vii., p.
+26.) says he had seen a presentation copy of it, although it is not
+included in the list of Dutens' _Works_ given by Lowndes.
+
+This is explained by the fact that the work, originally published under
+the title of _Correspondence intercept�e_, was afterwards embodied in
+the _M�moires d'un Voyageur_. Lowndes seems to have had no knowledge of
+it as a separate publication.
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia.
+
+
+_Vicars-Apostolic_ (Vol. vii., pp. 309, 310.).--Allow me to correct an
+error or two in my list of the vicars-apostolic, which appeared in your
+178th Number, p 309. The three archpriests were _appointed_ to their
+office, not _consecrated_.
+
+P. 309.--_Northern District._ Bishop Witham was consecrated 1703, not
+1716. He was _translated_ from the Midland to the Northern District in
+1716.
+
+P. 310.--In the list of the present Roman Catholic prelates in England
+and Wales, the bishops--from Archbishop Wiseman to Bishop Hendren
+inclusive--were _translated_ in 1850, not _consecrated_.
+
+J. R. W.
+
+Bristol.
+
+
+_Tombstone in Churchyard_ (Vol. vii., p. 331.).--In Ecclesfield
+churchyard is the following inscription, cut in bold capitals, and as
+legible as when the slab was first laid down:
+
+    "Here lieth the bodie of Richard Lord, late Vicar of
+    Ecclesfield, 1600."
+
+If, however, A. C.'s Query be not limited to slabs in the open air, he
+will probably be interested by the following, copied by me from the
+floors of the respective churches, which are all in this neighbourhood.
+The first is from the unused church of St. John at Laughton-le-Morthing,
+near Roche Abbey, and is, according to Mr. Hunter, one of the earliest
+specimens of a monumental inscription in the vernacular:
+
+    "Here lyeth Robt. Dinningto' and Alis his wyfe. Robert dyed [=i]
+    y'e fest of San James M'mo ccc iiij'xx xiij'mo. Alis dyed o'
+    Tisday [=i] Pas. Woke, a'o D[=n]i M'o ccc'mo xxx'o whose saules
+    God assoyl for is m'cy. Ame'."
+
+The next three are partly pewed over; but the uncovered parts are
+perfectly legible. The first two are from Tankersley, the third from
+Wentworth:
+
+    "Hic jacet d[=n]s Thomas Toykyl ... die mensis Aprilis anno
+    d[=n]i M. cccc. lxxxx. sc[=d]o...."
+
+    " ... Mensis Octob. an[=o] dni Milli[=m]o cccc. xxx. quinto."
+
+    " ... An[=o] d[=n]i Millesimo cccc. xxxx. vi. cuius ai[=e] deus
+    propitietur."
+
+Also in Ecclesfield Church is a slab bearing the dates 1571, and J. W.
+1593; and the remains of two others, with dates "M'o ccccc'o xix'o," and
+"M'o ccccc'o xxx'o vi'o."
+
+J. EASTWOOD.
+
+Ecclesfield Hall, Sheffield.
+
+
+"_Her face is like," &c._ (Vol. vii., p. 305.).--
+
+    "Her face is like the milky way i' the sky,--
+     A meeting of gentle lights without a name."
+
+These lines are from Act III. of Sir John Suckling's tragedy of
+_Brennoralt_, and are uttered by a lover contemplating his _sleeping_
+mistress; a circumstance which it is important to mention, as the truth
+and beauty of the comparison depend on it.
+
+B. R. I.
+
+
+{391}
+_Annuellarius_ (Vol. vii., p. 358.).--_Annuellarius_, sometimes written
+_Annivellarius_, is a chantry priest, so called from his receiving the
+_annualia_, or yearly stipend, for keeping the anniversary, or saying
+continued masses for one year for the soul of a deceased person.
+
+J. G.
+
+Exon.
+
+
+_Ship's Painter_ (Vol. vii., p. 178.).--Your correspondent J. C. G. may
+find a rational derivation of the word _painter_, the rope by which a
+boat is attached to a ship, in the Saxon word _punt_, a boat. The
+corruption from _punter_, or boat-rope, to _painter_, seems obvious.
+
+J. S. C.
+
+
+_True Blue_ (Vol. iii., _passim_).--The occurrence of this expression in
+the following passage in Dryden, and its application to the Order of the
+Garter, seem to have escaped the notice of the several correspondents
+who have addressed you on the subject. I quote from _The Flower and the
+Leaf_, Dryden's version of one of Chaucer's tales:
+
+    "Who bear the bows were knights in Arthur's reign,
+     Twelve they, and twelve the peers of Charlemain;
+     For bows the strength of brawny arms imply,
+     Emblems of valour and of victory.
+     Behold an order yet of newer date,
+     Doubling their number, equal in their state;
+     Our England's ornament, the Crown's defence,
+     In battle brave, protectors of their prince;
+     Unchang'd by fortune, to their sovereign _true_,
+     _For which_ their manly legs are bound with _blue_.
+     These of the Garter call'd, of faith unstain'd.
+     In fighting fields the laurel have obtain'd,
+     And well repaid the honors which they gain'd."
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia.
+
+
+"_Quod fuit esse_" (Vol. vii., pp. 235. 342.).--In one of Dr. Byrom's
+Common-place Books now in the possession of his respected descendant,
+Miss Atherton, of Kersal Cell, is the following arrangement and
+translation of this enigmatical inscription, probably made by the Doctor
+himself:
+
+    "Quod fuit esse quod est quod non fuit esse quod esse
+     Esse quod est non esse quod est non est erit esse.
+              Quod fuit esse quod,
+              Est quod non fuit esse quod,
+              Esse esse quod est,
+              Non esse quod est non est
+              Erit esse.
+
+    What was John Wiles is what John Wiles was not,
+    The mortal Being has immortal got.
+    The Wiles that was but a non Ens is gone,
+    And now remains the true eternal John."
+
+I take this opportunity of mentioning that my friend, the Rev. Dr.
+Parkinson, Canon of Manchester, and Principal of St. Bees, is at present
+engaged in editing, for the Chetham Society, the Diary and unpublished
+remains of Dr. Byrom; and he will, I am sure, feel greatly indebted to
+any of your correspondents who will favour him with an addition to his
+present materials. O. G. ("N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 179. art. Townshend)
+seems to have some memoranda relating to Byrom, and would perhaps be
+good enough to communicate them to Dr. Parkinson.
+
+JAMES CROSSLEY.
+
+I have seen the above thus paraphrased:
+
+    "What we have been, and what we are,
+      The present and the time that's past,
+     We cannot properly compare
+      With what we are to be at last.
+
+    "Tho' we ourselves have fancied Forms,
+      And Beings that have never been;
+     We into something shall be turn'd,
+      Which we have not conceived or seen."
+
+C. H. (a Subscriber.)
+
+
+_Subterranean Bells_ (Vol. vii., pp. 128. 200. 328.).--In a most
+interesting paper by the Rev. W. Thornber, A.B., Blackpool, published in
+the _Proceedings of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire_,
+1851-2, there is mention of a similar tradition to that quoted by your
+correspondent J. J. S.
+
+Speaking of the cemetery of Kilgrimol, two miles on the south shore from
+Blackpool, the learned gentleman says:
+
+    "The ditch and cross have disappeared, either obliterated by the
+    sand, or overwhelmed by the inroads of the sea; but, with
+    tradition, the locality is a favourite still. The _superstitio
+    loci_ marks the site: 'The church,' it says, 'was swallowed up
+    by an earthquake, together with the Jean la Cairne of Stonyhill;
+    but on Christmas eve every one, since that time, on bending his
+    ear to the ground, may distinguish clearly its bells pealing
+    most merrily.'"
+
+BROCTUNA.
+
+Bury, Lancashire.
+
+
+_Spontaneous Combustion_ (Vol. vii., p. 286.).--I presume H. A. B.'s
+question refers to the human body only, because the possibility of
+spontaneous combustion in several other substances is, I believe, not
+disputed. On that of the human body Taylor says:
+
+    "The hypothesis of those who advocate _spontaneous_ combustion,
+    is, it appears to me, perfectly untenable. So far as I have been
+    able to examine this subject, there is not a single
+    well-authenticated instance of such an event occurring: in the
+    cases reported which are worthy of any credit, a candle or some
+    other ignited body has been at hand, and the accidental ignition
+    of the clothes was highly probable, if not absolutely certain."
+
+He admits that, under certain circumstances, the human body, though in
+general "highly difficult of combustion," may acquire increased
+combustible properties. But this is another question {392} from that of
+the possibility of its purely spontaneous combustion. (See Taylor's
+_Medical Jurisprudence_, pages 424-7. edit. 1846.)
+
+W. W. T.
+
+
+_Muffs worn by Gentlemen_ (Vol. vi., _passim_; Vol. vii., p. 320.).--The
+writer of a series of papers in the _New Monthly Magazine_, entitled
+"Parr in his later Years," thus (vol. xvi. p. 482.) describes the
+appearance of that learned Theban:
+
+    "He had on his dressing-gown, which I think was flannel, or
+    cotton, and the skirts dangled round his ankles. Over this he
+    had drawn his great-coat, buttoned close; and his hands, for he
+    had been attacked with erysipelas not long before, were kept
+    warm in a _silk muff_, not much larger than the poll of a common
+    hat."
+
+In an anonymous poetical pamphlet (_Thoughts in Verse concerning
+Feasting and Dancing_, 12mo. London, 1800), is a little poem, entitled
+"The Muff," in the course of which the following lines occur:
+
+    "A time there was (that time is now no more,
+     At least in England 'tis not now observ'd!)
+     When muffs were worn by _beaux_ as well as belles.
+     Scarce has a century of time elaps'd,
+     Since such an article was much in vogue;
+     Which, when it was not on the arm sustain'd,
+     Hung, pendant by a silken ribbon loop
+     From button of the coat of well-dress'd beau.
+     'Tis well for manhood that the use has ceased!
+     For what to _woman_ might be well allow'd,
+     As suited to the softness of her sex,
+     Would seem effeminate and wrong in _man_."
+
+WILLIAM BATES.
+
+Birmingham.
+
+
+_Crescent_ (Vol. vii., p. 235.).--In Judges, ch. viii. ver. 21., Gideon
+is recorded to have taken away from Zeba and Zalmunna, kings of Midian,
+"the ornaments that were on their camels' necks." The marginal
+translation has "ornaments like the moon;" and in verse 24. it is stated
+that the Midianites were _Ishmaelites_. If, therefore, it be borne in
+mind that Mohammed was an Arabian, and that the Arabians were
+Ishmaelites, we may perhaps be allowed to infer that the origin of the
+use of the crescent was not as a symbol of Mohammed's religion, but that
+it was adopted by his countrymen and followers from their ancestors, and
+may be referred to at least as far back as 1249 B.C., when Zeba and
+Zalmunna were slain, and when it seems to have been the customary
+ornament of the Ishmaelites.
+
+W. W. T.
+
+
+_The Author of "The Family Journal"_ (Vol. vii., p. 313.).--The author
+of the very clever series of papers in the _New Monthly Magazine_, to
+which MR. BEDE refers, is Mr. Leigh Hunt. The particular one in which
+Swift's Latin-English is quoted, has been republished in a charming
+little volume, full of original thinking, expressed with the felicity of
+genius, called _Table Talk_, and published in 1851 by Messrs. Smith and
+Elder, of Cornhill.
+
+G. J. DE WILDE.
+
+
+_Parochial Libraries_ (Vol. vi., p. 432. &c.).--I fear that there is
+little doubt that these collections of books have very often been
+unfairly dispersed. It is by no means uncommon, in looking over the
+stock of an old divinity bookseller, to meet with works with the names
+of parochial libraries written in them. I have met with many such: they
+appear chiefly to have consisted of the works of the Fathers, and of our
+seventeenth century divines. As a case in point, I recollect, about ten
+years since, being at a sale at the rectory of Reepham, Norfolk,
+consequent upon the death of the rector, and noticing several works with
+the inscription "Reepham Church Library" written inside: these were sold
+indiscriminately with the rector's books. At this distance of time I
+cannot recollect the titles of many of the works; but I perfectly
+remember a copy of Sir H. Savile's edition of _Chrysostom_, 8 vols.
+folio; _Constantini Lexicon_, folio; and some pieces of Bishop Andrewes.
+These were probably intended for the use of the rector, as in the case
+reported by your correspondent CHEVERELLS (Vol. vii., p. 369.).
+
+I may also mention having seen a small parochial library of old divinity
+kept in the room over the porch in the church of Sutton Courtenay, near
+Abingdon, Berks. With the history and purpose of this collection I am
+unacquainted.
+
+NORRIS DECK.
+
+Great Malvern.
+
+
+_Sidney as a Christian Name_ (Vol. vii., pp. 39. 318.).--Lady Morgan the
+authoress was, before her marriage, Miss _Sidney_ Owenson. See Chambers'
+_Encyclop. of Eng. Lit._, ii. 580.
+
+P. J. F. GANTILLON, B.A.
+
+
+_"Rather"_ (Vol. vii., p. 282.).--The root of the word _rather_ is
+Celtic, in which language _raith_ means "inclination," "on account of,"
+"for the sake of," &c. Thus, in the line quoted from Chaucer,
+
+    "What aileth you so _rath�_ for to arise,"
+
+it clearly signifies "what aileth you that you _so incline_ to arise,"
+and so on, in the various uses to which the comparative of the word is
+put: as, I had rather do so and so, _i. e._ "I feel _more inclined_;" I
+am rather tired, _i. e._ "I am fatigued _on account of_ the walk," &c. I
+am glad that you are come, the rather that I have work for you to do,
+_i. e._ "_more on account of_ the work which I have for you to do, or
+_for the sake_ of the work," &c. Any obscurity that is attached to the
+use of the word, has arisen from the abuse of it, or rather from its
+right signification being not properly understood.
+
+FRAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+
+{393}
+_Lady High Sheriff_ (Vol. vii., pp. 236. 340.).--Another instance may be
+seen in Foss's _Judges of England_, vol. ii. p. 51.--In speaking of
+Reginald de Cornhill, who held the Sheriffalty of Kent from 5 Richard I.
+to 5 Henry III., he says:
+
+    "His seat at Minster, in the Isle of Thanet, acquired the name
+    of 'Sheriff's Court,' which it still retains; and he himself,
+    discontinuing his own name, was styled Reginald le Viscount,
+    even his widow being designated Vicecomitessa Cantii."
+
+D. S.
+
+
+_Nugget_ (Vol. vi., p. 171.; Vol. vii., pp. 143. 272.).--Nugget _may_ be
+derived from the Persian, but it is also used in Scotland, and means a
+lump,--a nugget of sugar, for instance. And as Scotchmen are to be found
+everywhere, its importation into Australia and California is easily
+accounted for.
+
+R. S. N.
+
+
+_Epigrams_ (Vol. vii., p. 180.).--I beg to confirm the statement of
+SCRAPIANA as to the reading John instead of Thomas in the line
+
+    "'Twixt Footman John and Dr. Toe."
+
+It may not be generally known that this epigram came from the pen of
+Reginald Heber, late Bishop of Calcutta, who was then a commoner of
+Brazenoze College, and who wrote that extremely clever satire called
+_The Whippiad_ of which the same Dr. Toe (the Rev. Henry Halliwell, Dean
+and Tutor) was the hero. _The Whippiad_ was printed for the first time a
+few years ago, in _Blackwood's Magazine_.
+
+I fancy the other facetious epigram given by SCRAPIANA has no connexion
+with this, but was merely inserted on the same page as being "similis
+materi�."
+
+B. N. C.
+
+
+_Editions of the Prayer-Book_ (Vol. vii., p. 91.).--The following small
+addition is offered to MR. SPARROW SIMPSON's list:
+
+1592.  fol.    Deputies of Chr. Barker.  Trinity College, Dublin.
+1607.  4to.    Robert Barker.  Trin. Coll., Dublin.
+1611.  folio.  Robert Barker.  Marsh's Library, Dubl.
+1632.  8vo.    R. Barker and the assignes of John Bill.  Trin. Coll.,
+                 Dublin.
+1634.  4to.    Same Printers.  Trin. Coll., Dublin.
+1634.  12mo.   Same Printers.  Marsh's Library.
+1638.  4to.    Same Printers.  Trin. Coll., Dublin.
+1639.  4to.    Same Printers.  Trin. Coll., Dublin.
+1616.          There is a Latin version, in Dr. Mockett's _Doctrina et
+                 Politeia Ecclesi� Anglican�_. 4to. Londoni. Marsh's
+                 Library, Dublin.
+
+H. COTTON.
+
+Thurles.
+
+
+_Portrait of Pope_ (Vol. vii., p. 294.).--Dr. Falconer's portrait of
+Pope could not have been painted by _Joseph_ Wright of Derby, as that
+celebrated artist was only fourteen when Pope died; consequently, the
+anecdote told of the painter, and of his meeting the poet at dinner,
+must apply to the artist named by Dr. Falconer, and of course correctly,
+_Edward_ Wright.
+
+S. D. D.
+
+
+_Passage in Coleridge_ (Vol. vii., p. 330.).--The paper referred to by
+Coleridge will be found in the _Transactions of the Manchester Literary
+and Philosophical Society_, vol. iii. p. 463. It is the "Description of
+a Glory," witnessed by Dr. Haygarth on Feb. 13th, 1780, when "returning
+to Chester, and ascending the mountain which forms the eastern boundary
+of the Vale of Clwyd." As your correspondent asks for a copy of the
+description, the volume being scarce, I will give the following extract:
+
+    "I was struck with the peculiar appearance of a very white
+    shining cloud, that lay remarkably close to the ground. The sun
+    was nearly setting, but shone extremely bright. I walked up to
+    the cloud, and my shadow was projected into it; when a very
+    unexpected and beautiful scene was presented to my view. The
+    head of my shadow was surrounded, at some distance, by a circle
+    of various colours; whose centre appeared to be near the
+    situation of the eye, and whose circumference extended to the
+    shoulders. The circle was complete, except what the shadow of my
+    body intercepted. It resembled, very exactly, what in pictures
+    is termed a _glory_, around the head of our Saviour and of
+    saints: not, indeed, that luminous radiance which is painted
+    close to the head, but an arch of concentric colours. As I
+    walked forward, this _glory_ approached or retired, just as the
+    inequality of the ground shortened or lengthened my shadow."
+
+A plate "by the writer's friend, Mr. Falconer," accompanies the paper.
+
+In my copy of the _Transactions_, the following MS. note is attached to
+this paper:
+
+    "See Juan's and De Ulloa's _Voyage to South America_, book vi.
+    ch. ix., where ph�nomena, nearly similar, are described."
+
+I. H. M.
+
+
+_Lowbell_ (Vol. vii., pp. 181. 272.).--This is also surely a Scotch
+word, _low_ meaning a light, a flame.
+
+    "A smith's hause is aye lowin."--_Scots. Prov._
+
+R. S. N.
+
+
+_Burn at Croydon_ (Vol. vii., p. 283.).--This seems to be of the same
+nature as the "nailburns" mentioned by Halliwell (_Arch. Dict._). In
+Lambarde's _Perambulation of Kent_, p. 221., 2nd edit., mention is made
+of a stream running under ground. But it seems very difficult to account
+for these phenomena, and any geologist who would give a satisfactory
+explanation of these _burns_, _nailburns_, subterraneous streams, and
+those which in Lincolnshire are termed "blow wells," would confer a
+favour on several of your readers.
+
+E. G. R.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *{394}
+
+
+MISCELLANEOUS.
+
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
+
+Our learned, grave, and potent cotemporary, _The Quarterly Review_, has,
+in the number just issued, a very pleasant gossiping article on _The Old
+Countess of Desmond_. The writer, who pays "N. & Q." a passing
+compliment for which we are obliged, although he very clearly
+establishes the fact of the existence of a Countess of Desmond, who was
+well known and remarkable for her _extreme_ longevity, certainly does
+not prove that the old Countess actually lived to the great age of 140
+years.
+
+The publisher of _Men of the Time, or Sketches of Living Notables_, has
+just put forth a new edition of what will eventually become a valuable
+and interesting little volume. There are so many difficulties in the way
+of making such a book accurate and complete, that it is no wonder if
+this second edition, although it contains upwards of sixty additional
+articles, has yet many omissions. Its present aspect is too political.
+Men of the pen are too lightly passed over, unless they are professed
+journalists; many of the greatest scholars of the present day being
+entirely omitted. This must and doubtless will be amended.
+
+It is with great regret that we have to announce the death of one whose
+facile pen and well-stored memory furnished many a pleasant note to our
+readers,--J. R. of Cork, under which signature that able scholar, and
+kindly hearted gentleman, MR. JAMES ROCHE, happily designated by Father
+Prout the "Roscoe of Cork," was pleased to contribute to our columns.
+_The Athen�um_ well observes that "his death will leave a blank in the
+intellectual society of the South of Ireland, and the readers of 'N. &
+Q.' will miss his genial and instructive gossip on books and men."
+
+_The Photographic Society_ is rapidly increasing. The meeting on the 7th
+for the exhibition and explanation of cameras was a decided failure,
+from the want of due preparation; but that failure will be fully
+compensated by the promised exhibition of them in the rooms of the
+_Society of Arts_. While on the subject of Photography, we may call the
+attention of our readers to a curious paper on Photographic Engraving,
+in _The Athen�um_ of Saturday last, by a gentleman to whom the art is
+already under so much obligation, Mr. Fox Talbot.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Wellington, his Character, his Actions, and his
+Writings_, by Jules Maurel, is well described by its editor, Lord
+Ellesmere, as "among the most accurate, discriminating, and felicitous
+tributes which have evaluated from any country in any language to the
+memory of the great Duke."--_Temple Bar, the City Golgotha, a Narrative
+of the Historical Occurrences of a Criminal Character associated with
+the present Bar_, by a Member of the Inner Temple. A chatty and
+anecdotical history of this last remaining gate of the city, under
+certainly its most revolting aspect. The sketch will doubtless be
+acceptable, particularly to London antiquaries.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
+
+WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+ARCH�OLOGIA. Vols. III., IV., V., VI., VII., VIII., X., XXVII., XXVIII.
+Unbound.
+
+---- Vols. III., IV., V., VIII. In Boards.
+
+BAYLE'S DICTIONARY. English Version, by DE MAIZEAUX. London, 1738. Vols.
+I. and II.
+
+GMELIN'S HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY. Inorganic part.
+
+LUBBOCK, ELEMENTARY TREATISE ON THE TIDES.
+
+SANDERS (REV. H.), THE HISTORY OF SHENSTONE. 4to. Lond. 1794.
+
+SWIFT'S (DEAN) WORKS. Dublin: G. Faulkner. 19 Volumes. 1768. Vol. I.
+
+TODD'S CYCLOP�DIA OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY.
+
+TRANSACTIONS OF THE MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Vols. I. and II.
+
+ARCH�OLOGIA. Vols. III., IV., V., VIII. Boards.
+
+MARTYN'S PLANT� CANTABRIGIENSES. 12mo. London, 1763.
+
+ABBOTSFORD EDITION OF THE WAVERLEY NOVELS. Odd Vols.
+
+THE TRUTH TELLER. A Periodical.
+
+SARAH COLERIDGE'S PHANTASMION.
+
+J. L. PETIT'S CHURCH ARCHITECTURE. 2 Vols.
+
+R. MANT'S CHURCH ARCHITECTURE CONSIDERED IN RELATION TO THE MIND OF THE
+CHURCH. 8vo. Belfast, 1840.
+
+CAMBRIDGE CAMDEN SOCIETY'S TRANSACTIONS. Vol. III.--ELLICOTT ON
+VAULTING.
+
+QUARTERLY REVIEW, 1845.
+
+GARDENERS CHRONICLE, 1838 to 1852, all but Oct. to Dec. 1851.
+
+COLLIER'S FURTHER VINDICATION OF HIS SHORT VIEW OF THE STAGE. 1708.
+
+CONGREVE'S AMENDMENT OF COLLIER'S FALSE AND IMPERFECT CITATIONS. 1698.
+
+FILMER'S DEFENCE OF PLAYS, OR THE STAGE VINDICATED. 1707.
+
+THE STAGE CONDEMNED. 1698.
+
+BEDFORD'S SERIOUS REFLECTIONS ON THE ABUSES OF THE STAGE. 8vo. 1705.
+
+DISSERTATION ON ISAIAH, CHAPTER XVIII., IN A LETTER TO EDWARD KING, &c.,
+by SAMUEL HORSLEY, Lord Bishop of Rochester. 1799. First Edition, in
+4to.
+
+BISHOP FELL'S Edition of CYPRIAN, Containing BISHOP PEARSON'S ANNALES
+CYPRIANIA.
+
+*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send
+their names._
+
+*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to
+be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet
+Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS
+
+
+CANTAB. _The line_
+
+    "Music has charms to soothe a savage breast,"
+
+_is from Congreve's _Mourning Bride_, Act I. Sc. I._
+
+J. L. S. _We will endeavour to ascertain the value of the copy of
+_Naunton_, and tell our Correspondent when we write to him._
+
+C. GONVILLE. _We hope this Correspondent has received the letter
+forwarded to him on Saturday or Monday last. His letter has been sent
+on._
+
+E. P., Jun. _The best account of Nuremburg Tokens is Snelling's _View of
+the Origin, Nature and Use of Jettons or Counters_. London, 1769,
+folio._
+
+NEMO. _Thanks to its excellent Index, we are enabled, by Cunningham's
+_Handbook of London_, to inform him that Vanburgh was buried in the
+family vault of the Vanburghs in St. Stephen's, Walbrook._
+
+C. M. J. _will find the reference to "Language given to man," &c., in
+_Vol. vi., p. 575._, in an article on South and Talleyrand._
+
+PHOTOSULPH, _who asks whether, when using the developing solution, it is
+necessary to blow upon the glass, is informed that it is not necessary;
+but that, when there is a hesitation in the flowing of the fluid,
+blowing gently on the glass promotes it, and the warmth of the breath
+sometimes causes a more speedy development._
+
+X. A. _We cannot enter into any discussion respecting lenses. We have
+more than once fully recognised the merits of those manufactured by Mr.
+Ross: but never having used one of them, we could not speak of them from
+our own experience. We do not hold ourselves responsible for the
+opinions of our Correspondents._
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the County
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them
+to their Subscribers on the Saturday._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *{395}
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
+Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds,
+according to light.
+
+Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the
+choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their
+Establishment.
+
+Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
+beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.--Pure Chemicals, and every requisite for the practice
+of Photography, according to the instructions of Le Gray, Hunt,
+Br�bisson, and other writers, may be obtained, wholesale and retail, of
+WILLIAM BOLTON, (formerly Dymond & Co.), Manufacturer of pure Chemicals
+for Photographic and other purposes. Lists may be had on application.
+
+Improved Apparatus for iodizing paper in vacuo, according to Mr.
+Stewart's instructions.
+
+146. HOLBORN BARS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.--MR. PHILIP DELAMOTTE begs to announce that he has now
+made arrangements for printing Calotypes in large or small quantities,
+either from Paper or Glass Negatives. Gentlemen who are desirous of
+having good impressions of their works, may see specimens of Mr.
+Delamotte's Printing at his own residence, 38. Chepstow Place,
+Bayswater, or at
+
+MR. GEORGE BELL'S, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Just published, price 1s., free by Post 1s. 4d.,
+
+THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION.
+Translated from the French.
+
+Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S celebrated
+Lenses for Portraits and Views.
+
+General Dep�t for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Fr�res', La Croix, and
+other Talbotype Papers.
+
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+
+Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art.
+
+GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS., Foster Lane, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver).--J.
+B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who
+published the application of this agent (see _Athen�um_, Aug. 14th).
+Their Collodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary
+sensitiveness, tenacity, and colour unimpaired for months: it may be
+exported to any climate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J.
+B. HOCKIN & CO. manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the
+latest Improvements adapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotype
+processes. Camera for Developing in the open Country. GLASS BATHS
+adapted to any Camera. Lenses from the best Makers. Waxed and Iodized
+Papers, &c.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions
+may be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be
+procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the
+practice of Photography in all its Branches.
+
+Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument
+Makers, and Operative Chemist, 153. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.--To be sold, a Second-hand Achromatic Portrait Lens by
+Lerebour, 2-1/4 aperture, 7 inches focal length. Price 3l. 10s.
+
+Apply to THOS. EGLEY, Bookseller, 35. Upper Berkeley Street West, Hyde
+Park Square, where also Specimens of its performance may be seen.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's,
+Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Fr�res' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's
+Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.
+
+Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.
+Paternoster Row, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, 3 PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
+
+Founded A.D. 1842.
+
+               *       *       *
+
+_Directors._
+
+H. E. Bicknell, Esq.
+W. Cabell, Esq.
+T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.
+G. H. Drew, Esq.
+W. Evans, Esq.
+W. Freeman, Esq.
+F. Fuller, Esq.
+J. H. Goodhart, Esq.
+T. Grissell, Esq.
+J. Hunt, Esq.
+J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
+E. Lucas, Esq.
+J. Lys Seager, Esq.
+J. B. White, Esq.
+J. Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+_Trustees._
+
+W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.: L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.: George Drew, Esq.
+
+_Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+
+_Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
+
+VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
+
+POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application
+to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed
+in the Prospectus.
+
+Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in
+three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+    Age    �  s.  d.
+    17     1  14  4
+    22     1  18  8
+    27     2   4  5
+    32     2  10  8
+    37     2  18  6
+    42     3   8  2
+
+ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a TREATISE on BENEFIT
+BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment,
+exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
+&c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life
+Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life
+Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class
+X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all
+Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior
+Gold London-made Patent Levers. 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
+Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12,
+10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior
+Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's
+Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
+skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers,
+2l., 3l.and 4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.
+
+BENNETT, Watch, Clock and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
+Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen, 65. CHEAPSIDE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Just published, with Frontispiece, 12mo., price 2s. 6d.
+
+THE VICAR and his DUTIES; being Sketches of Clerical Life in a
+Manufacturing Town Parish. By the REV. ALFRED GATTY, Vicar of
+Ecclesfield.
+
+London: GEORGE BELL.
+
+Edinburgh: R. GRANT & SON.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Now ready, Two New Volumes (price 28s. cloth) of
+
+THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND and the Courts at Westminster. By EDWARD FOSS,
+F.S.A.
+
+    Volume Three, 1272--1377.
+    Volume Four, 1377--1485.
+
+Lately published, price 28s. cloth,
+
+    Volume One, 1066--1199.
+    Volume Two, 1199--1272.
+
+"A book which is essentially sound and truthful, and must therefore take
+its stand in the permanent literature of our country."--_Gent. Mag._
+
+London: LONGMAN & CO.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NEW ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPES on MR. PRITCHARD'S Construction. Micrometers,
+Polarizing Apparatus, Object-glasses, and Eye-pieces. S. STRAKER
+supplies any of the above of the first quality, and will forward by post
+free a new priced List of Microscopes and Apparatus.
+
+162. FLEET STREET, LONDON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SAVE FIFTY PER CENT. by purchasing your WATCHES direct from the
+MANUFACTURER, at the WHOLESALE TRADE PRICE.
+
+                                              � s.  d.
+  Gold Watches, extra jewelled, with all
+    the recent improvements                   3 15  0
+  Ditto, with the three-quarter plate
+    movement, and stouter cases               4 10  0
+  Silver Watches, with same movements
+    as the Gold                               2  0  0
+  Ditto, with the lever escapement, eight
+    holes jewelled                            2 15  0
+
+And every other description of Watch in the same proportion.
+
+A written warranty for accurate performance is given with every Watch,
+and twelve months allowed.
+
+Handsome morocco cases for same, 2s. extra.
+
+Emigrants supplies with Watches suitable for Australia.--Merchants,
+Captains, and the Trade supplied in any quantities on very favourable
+terms.
+
+                                              � s. d.
+  Gentlemen's fine Gold Albert Chains         1 10  0
+  Ladies' ditto. Neck ditto                   1 15  0
+
+Sent carefully packed, post free, and registered, on receipt of
+Post-Office or Banker's Order, payable to
+
+DANIEL ELLIOTT HEDGER.
+
+Wholesale Watch Manufacturer, 27. City Road, near Finsbury Square,
+London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WANTED, for the Ladies' Institute, 83. Regent Street, Quadrant, LADIES
+of taste for fancy work,--by paying 21s. will be received as members,
+and taught the new style of velvet wool work, which is acquired in a few
+easy lessons. Each lady will be guaranteed constant employment and ready
+cash payment for her work. Apply personally to Mrs. Thoughey. N.B.
+Ladies taught by letter at any distance from London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It
+contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different
+Bedsteads: also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts.
+And their new warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room
+Furniture, Furniture Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render
+their Establishment complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms.
+
+HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court
+Road.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *{396}
+
+THE CAMDEN SOCIETY,
+FOR THE PUBLICATION OF
+EARLY HISTORICAL AND LITERARY REMAINS.
+
+              *       *       *
+
+THE CAMDEN SOCIETY is instituted to perpetuate, and render accessible,
+whatever is valuable, but at present little known, amongst the materials
+for the Civil, Ecclesiastical, or Literary History of the United
+Kingdom; and it accomplishes that object by the publication of
+Historical Documents, Letters, Ancient Poems, and whatever else lies
+within the compass of its designs, in the most convenient form, and at
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+volumes.
+
+The Subscription to the Society is 1l. per annum, which becomes due in
+advance on the first day of May in every year, and is received by
+MESSRS. NICHOLS, 25. PARLIAMENT STREET, or by the several LOCAL
+SECRETARIES. Members may compound for their future Annual Subscriptions,
+by the payment of 10l. over and above the Subscription for the current
+year. The compositions received have been funded in the Three per Cent.
+Consols to an amount exceeding 900l. No Books are delivered to a
+Member until his Subscription for the current year has been paid. New
+Members are admitted at the Meetings of the Council held on the First
+Wednesday in every month.
+
+              *       *       *
+
+The Publications for the past year (1851-2) were:
+
+   52. PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES of CHARLES II. and JAMES II. Edited by
+   J. Y. AKERMAN, Esq., Sec. S.A.
+
+   53. THE CHRONICLE OF THE GREY FRIARS OF LONDON. Edited from a MS.
+   in the Cottonian Library by J. GOUGH NICHOLS, Esq., F.S.A.
+
+   54. PROMPTORIUM: An English and Latin Dictionary of Words in Use
+   during the Fifteenth Century, compiled chiefly from the
+   Promptorium Parvulorum. By ALBERT WAY, Esq., M.A., F.S.A. Vol.
+   II. (M. to R.) (In the Press.)
+
+Books for 1852-3.
+
+   55. THE SECOND VOLUME OF THE CAMDEN MISCELLANY, containing, 1.
+   Expenses of John of Brabant, 1292-3; 2. Household Accounts of
+   Princess Elizabeth, 1551-2; 3. Requeste and Suite of a
+   True-hearted Englishman, by W. Cholmeley, 1553; 4. Discovery of
+   the Jesuits' College at Clerkenwell, 1627-8; 5. Trelawny Papers;
+   6. Autobiography of Dr. William Taswell.--Now ready for delivery
+   to all Members not in arrear of their Subscription.
+
+   56. THE VERNEY PAPERS. A Selection from the Correspondence of the
+   Verney Family during the reign of Charles I. to the year 1639.
+   From the Originals in the possession of Sir Harry Verney, Bart.
+   To be edited by JOHN BRUCE, ESQ., Trea. S.A. (Will be ready
+   immediately.)
+
+   57. THE CORRESPONDENCE OF LADY BRILLIANA HARLEY, during the Civil
+   Wars. To be edited by the REV. T. T. LEWIS, M.A. (Will be ready
+   immediately.)
+
+               *       *       *
+
+The following Works are at Press, and will be issued from time to time,
+as soon as ready:
+
+ROLL of the HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES of RICHARD SWINFIELD, Bishop of Hereford,
+in the years 1289, 1290, with Illustrations from other and coeval
+Documents. To be edited by the REV. JOHN WEBB, M.A., F.S.A.
+
+REGUL� INCLUSARUM: THE ANCREN REWLE. A Treatise on the Rules and Duties
+of Monastic Life, in the Anglo-Saxon Dialect of the Thirteenth Century,
+addressed to a Society of Anchorites, being a translation from the Latin
+Work of Simon de Ghent, Bishop of Salisbury. To be edited from MSS. in
+the Cottonian Library, British Museum, with an Introduction, Glossarial
+Notes, &c., by the REV. JAMES MORTON, B.D., Prebendary of Lincoln.
+
+THE DOMESDAY OF ST. PAUL'S: a Description of the Manors belonging to the
+Church of St. Paul's in London in the year 1222. By the VEN. ARCHDEACON
+HALE.
+
+ROMANCE OF JEAN AND BLONDE OF OXFORD, by Philippe de Reims, an
+Anglo-Norman Poet of the latter end of the Twelfth Century. Edited, from
+the unique MS. in the Royal Library at Paris, by M. LE ROUX DE LINCY,
+Editor of the Roman de Brut.
+
+Communications from Gentlemen desirous of becoming Members may be
+addressed to the Secretary, or to Messrs. Nichols.
+
+WILLIAM J. THOMS, Secretary. 25. Parliament Street, Westminster.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WORKS OF THE CAMDEN SOCIETY,
+AND ORDER OF THEIR PUBLICATION.
+
+   1. Restoration of King Edward IV.
+   2. Kyng Johan, by Bishop Bale.
+   3. Deposition of Richard II.
+   4. Plumpton Correspondence.
+   5. Anecdotes and Traditions.
+   6. Political Songs.
+   7. Hayward's Annals of Elizabeth.
+   8. Ecclesiastical Documents.
+   9. Norden's Description of Essex.
+  10. Warkworth's Chronicle.
+  11. Kemp's Nine Daies Wonder.
+  12. The Egerton Papers.
+  13. Chronica Jocelini de Brakelonda.
+  14. Irish Narratives, 1641 and 1690.
+  15. Rishanger's Chronicle.
+  16. Poems of Walter Mapes.
+  17. Travels of Nicander Nucius.
+  18. Three Metrical Romances.
+  19. Diary of Dr. John Dee.
+  20. Apology for the Lollards.
+  21. Rutland Papers.
+  22. Diary of Bishop Cartwright.
+  23. Letters of Eminent Literary Men.
+  24. Proceedings against Dame Alice Kyteler.
+  25. Promptorium Parvulorum: Tom. I.
+  26. Suppression of the Monasteries.
+  27. Leycester Correspondence.
+  28. French Chronicle of London.
+  29. Polydore Vergil.
+  30. The Thornton Romances.
+  31. Verney's Notes of the Long Parliament.
+  32. Autobiography of Sir John Bramston.
+  33. Correspondence of James Duke of Perth.
+  34. Liber de Antiquis Legibus.
+  35. The Chronicle of Calais.
+  36. Polydore Vergil's History, Vol. I.
+  37. Italian Relation of England.
+  38. Church of Middleham.
+  39. The Camden Miscellany, Vol. I.
+  40. Life of Ld. Grey of Wilton.
+  41. Diary of Walter Yonge, Esq.
+  42. Diary of Henry Machyn.
+  43. Visitation of Huntingdonshire.
+  44. Obituary of Rich. Smyth.
+  45. Twysden on the Government of England.
+  46. Letters of Elizabeth and James VI.
+  47. Chronicon Petroburgense.
+  48. Queen Jane and Queen Mary.
+  49. Bury Wills and Inventories.
+  50. Mapes de Nugis Curialium.
+  51. Pilgrimage of Sir R. Guylford.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MURRAY'S
+
+CONTINENTAL HANDBOOKS.
+
+ADVERTISEMENTS intended for insertion in the Present Year's New and
+Cheaper Issue of MURRAY'S HANDBOOKS FOR TRAVELLERS ON THE CONTINENT,
+must be forwarded to the Publisher before the 20th April, after which
+day none can be received.
+
+_50. Albermarle Street, London, April 2nd, 1853._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXIV., is NOW READY.
+
+CONTENTS:
+
+   I. APSELY HOUSE.
+  II. SCROPE'S HISTORY OF CASTLE COMBE.
+ III. HUMAN HAIR.
+  IV. THE OLD COUNTESS OF DESMOND.
+   V. HUNGARIAN CAMPAIGNS--KOSSUTH AND G�RGEY.
+  VI. BUCKINGHAM PAPERS.
+ VII. SEARCH FOR FRANKLIN.
+VIII. THE TWO SYSTEMS AT PENTONVILLE.
+  IX. MAUREL ON THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON.
+
+JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS.
+
+THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE.
+
+(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY)
+
+Of Saturday, April 9, contains Articles on
+
+Agricultural statistics
+Barley, skinless
+Bean, Wilmot's kidney
+Books reviewed
+Calendar, horticultural
+---- agricultural
+Cedar and Deodar
+Celery, Cole's Crystal White
+Cineraria, culture of
+Conifers hurt by frost, by Mr. Cheetham
+Deodar and Cedar
+Drainage, land
+Emigration, Hursthouse on
+Fire at Windsor Castle
+Fish spawn
+Flax
+Flowers, select florist, by Mr. Edwards
+Fruits, names of
+---- to preserve
+Heating, by Mr. Lucas (with engravings)
+Horses and oxen, comparative merits of, for agricultural purposes
+Laudanum or opium
+Osiers
+Oxen and horses
+Pig feeding
+Plants, effect of the winter on, by Mr. Henderson
+Plums, American, by Mr. Rivers
+----, Huling's superb, by Mr. Hogg
+Potato tubers
+Poultry Book, by Wingfield and Johnson, rev.
+Preserving fruits
+Rhododendron Dalhousi�
+Royal Botanic Garden, Kew
+Societies, proceedings of the Horticultural, National Floricultural,
+  Agricultural of England
+Soil, robbers of, by Mr. Goodiff
+Statistics, agricultural
+Tecoma grandiflora
+Tree, stem-roots of
+Vines, stem-roots of
+Windsor Castle, fire at
+Winter, effects of
+
+               *       *       *
+
+THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in addition
+to the above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and Liverpool
+prices, with returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coat, Timber, Bark,
+Wool, and Seed Markets, and a _complete Newspaper, with a condensed
+account of all the transactions of the week_.
+
+ORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE, for Advertisements, 5. Upper Wellington
+Street, Covent Garden, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the
+Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the
+Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE
+BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the
+West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street
+aforesaid.--Saturday, April 16. 1853.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, No. 181, April 16,
+1853, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NO. 181 ***
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+
+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, No. 181, April 16, 1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, No. 181, April 16, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+              Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: May 15, 2007 [EBook #21445]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NO. 181 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Pat A Benoy
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<p class='tnote'>Transcriber's Note:<br />
+This text contains Greek words such as <ins class='transliteration' title='kerannumi' lang='el'>&#954;&#949;&#961;&#945;&#957;&#957;&#965;&#956;&#953;</ins>. Overlines indicating abbreviations will also
+be encountered: Dn&#773;i. You may want to change fonts if any of the preceeding characters render as ? or boxes
+on your screen or the overlines appear adjacent rather than over the appropriate letters. If your system allows for it, hovering over Greek text will
+show a transliteration. Transliterations and transcriber notes in the
+text are identified by red dashed underlines as shown above.
+Archaic spellings have not been modernized. Inconsistent hypenation in the original text has not been standardized.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a id="page373" name="page373">{373}</a></span></p>
+
+
+  <h1><span class='smcap'>NOTES and QUERIES:</span></h1>
+
+<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION<br />
+
+<small>FOR</small><br />
+
+LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3><strong>"When found, make a note of."</strong>&mdash;
+<span class='smcap'>Captain Cuttle.</span></h3>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+<table class= 'masthead' summary='masthead'>
+<col width='20%' />
+<col width='60%' />
+<col width='20%' />
+    <tr>
+      <td class="tdmhl"><strong>No. 181.]</strong></td>
+      <td class="tdmhc"><strong><span class="smcap">Saturday, April</span> 16. 1853.</strong></td>
+      <td class="tdmhr"><strong>Price Fourpence. <br />Stamped Edition,
+      5<em>d.</em></strong></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+
+<table class ='toc' summary='Table of Contents'>
+
+<tr>
+ <td><span class="smcap">Notes</span>:&mdash;</td>
+ <td class='tocnum'>Page</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='toc1'>"The Shepherd of Banbury's Weather-Rules," by
+W. B. Rye</td>
+  <td class='tocnum'><a href="#Notes">373</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='toc1'>Notes on several misunderstood Words, by the Rev. W.
+R. Arrowsmith</td>
+  <td class='tocnum'><a href="#Notes_on_several_misunderstood_Words">375</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='toc1'>Lord Coke</td>
+  <td class='tocnum'><a href="#Lord_Coke">376</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='toc1'>Shakspeare Correspondence, by C. Mansfield Ingleby,
+&amp;c.</td>
+  <td class='tocnum'><a href="#Shakspeare_Correspondence">377</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='toc1'><span class="smcap">Minor Notes</span>:&mdash;Alleged Cure for Hydrophobia&mdash;Epitaph
+    at Mickleton&mdash;Charade attributed to Sheridan&mdash;
+    Suggested Reprint of Hearne&mdash;Suggestions of Books
+    worthy of being reprinted&mdash;Epigram all the Way from
+    Belgium&mdash;Derivation of "Canada"&mdash;Railway Signals
+    &mdash;A Centenarian Trading Vessel</td>
+  <td class='tocnum'><a href="#Minor_Notes">379</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td><span class="smcap">Queries</span>:&mdash;</td>
+  <td></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='toc1'>Bishop Ken</td>
+  <td class='tocnum'><a href="#Queries">380</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='toc1'><span class="smcap">Minor Queries</span>:&mdash;Canute's Reproof to his Courtiers
+    &mdash;The Sign of the Cross in the Greek Church&mdash;Rev.
+    Richard Midgley, Vicar of Rochdale, temp. Eliz.&mdash;
+    Huet's Navigations of Solomon&mdash;Sheriff of Worcestershire
+    in 1781&mdash;Tree of the Thousand Images&mdash;De
+    Burgh Family&mdash;Witchcraft Sermons at Huntingdon&mdash;
+    Consort&mdash;Creole&mdash;Shearman Family&mdash;Traitors' Ford
+    &mdash;"Your most obedient humble Servant"&mdash;Version
+    of a Proverb&mdash;Ellis Walker&mdash;"The Northerne Castle"
+    &mdash;Prayer-Book in French&mdash;"Navita Erythr�um," &amp;c.
+    &mdash;Edmund Burke&mdash;Plan of London&mdash;Minchin</td>
+  <td class='tocnum'><a href="#Minor_Queries">380</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='toc1'><span class="smcap">Minor Queries with Answers</span>:&mdash;Leapor's "Unhappy
+    Father"&mdash;Meaning of "the Litten" or "Litton"
+    &mdash;St. James' Market House</td>
+  <td class='tocnum'><a href="#Minor_Queries_with_Answers">382</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td><span class="smcap">Replies</span>:&mdash;</td>
+  <td></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='toc1'>Grub Street Journal, by James Crossley</td>
+  <td class='tocnum'><a href="#Replies">383</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='toc1'>Stone Pillar Worship</td>
+  <td class='tocnum'><a href="#Stone_Pillar_Worship">383</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='toc1'>Autographs in Books</td>
+  <td class='tocnum'><a href="#Autographs_in_Books">384</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='toc1'>Grindle</td>
+  <td class='tocnum'><a href="#Grindle">384</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='toc1'>Roger Outlawe, by Dr. J. H. Todd, &amp;c.</td>
+  <td class='tocnum'><a href="#Roger_Outlawe">385</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='toc1'>Prospectus to Cibber's "Lives of the Poets," by James
+    Crossley </td>
+  <td class='tocnum'><a href="#Prospectus">386</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='toc1'> Pic-nic, by John Anthony, M.D., and Henry H. Breen</td>
+  <td class='tocnum'><a href="#Pic-nic">387</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='toc1'>Peter Sterry and Jeremiah White, by James Crossley</td>
+  <td class='tocnum'><a href="#Peter_Sterry_and_Jeremiah_White">388</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='toc1'><span class="smcap">Photographic Notes and
+    Queries</span>:&mdash;Colouring Collodion
+    Portraits&mdash;On some Points in the Collodion
+    Process&mdash;Economical Iodizing Process</td>
+  <td class='tocnum'><a href="#Photographic_Notes_and_Queries">388</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='toc1'><span class="smcap">Replies to Minor
+    Queries</span>:&mdash;Bishop Juxon's Account
+    of Vendible Books in England&mdash;Dutensiana&mdash;Vicars-Apostolic
+    &mdash;Tombstone in Churchyard&mdash;"Her face is
+    like," &amp;c.&mdash;Annuellarius&mdash;Ship's Painter&mdash;True Blue
+    &mdash;"Quod fuit esse"&mdash;Subterranean Bells&mdash;Spontaneous
+    Combustion&mdash;Muffs worn by Gentlemen&mdash;
+    Crescent&mdash;The Author of "The Family Journal"&mdash;
+    Parochial Libraries&mdash;Sidney as a Christian Name&mdash;
+    "Rather"&mdash;Lady High Sheriff&mdash;Nugget&mdash;Epigrams
+    &mdash;Editions of the Prayer-Book&mdash;Portrait of Pope&mdash;
+    Passage in Coleridge&mdash;Lowbell&mdash;Burn at Croydon</td>
+  <td class='tocnum'><a href="#Replies_to_Minor_Queries">390</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Miscellaneous</span>:&mdash;</td>
+    <td></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='toc1'>Notes on Books, &amp;c. </td>
+  <td class='tocnum'><a href="#Miscellaneous">394</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='toc1'>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</td>
+  <td class='tocnum'><a href="#Books_and_Odd_Volumes_wanted">394</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='toc1'>Notices to Correspondents</td>
+  <td class='tocnum'><a href="#Notices_to_Correspondents">394</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='toc1'>Advertisements</td>
+  <td class='tocnum'><a href="#page395">395</a></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr class='full' />
+
+
+<h2><a id='Notes' name='Notes'>Notes.</a></h2>
+
+
+<h3>"THE SHEPHERD OF BANBURY'S WEATHER-RULES."</h3>
+
+<p><em>The Shepherd of Banbury's Rules to judge of the Changes of the
+Weather</em>, first printed in 1670, was long a favourite book with the
+country gentleman, the farmer, and the peasant. They were accustomed to
+regard it with the consideration and confidence which were due to the
+authority of so experienced a master of the art of prognostication, and
+dismissing every sceptical thought, received his maxims with the same
+implicit faith as led them to believe that if their cat chanced to wash
+her face, rainy weather would be the certain and inevitable result.
+Moreover, this valuable little manual instructed them how to keep their
+horses, sheep, and oxen sound, and prescribed cures for them when
+distempered. No wonder, then, if it has passed through many editions.
+Yet it has been invariably stated that <em>The Banbury Shepherd</em> in fact
+had no existence; was purely an imaginary creation; and that the work
+which passes under his name, "John Claridge," was written by Dr. John
+Campbell, the Scottish historian, who died in 1775. The statements made
+in connexion with this book are curious enough; and it is with a view of
+placing the matter in a clear and correct light that I now trouble you
+with a Note, which will, I hope, tend to restore to this poor
+weather-wise old shepherd his long-lost rank and station among the rural
+authors of England.</p>
+
+<p>I believe that the source of the error is to be traced to the second
+edition of the <em>Biographia Britannica</em>, in a memoir of Dr. Campbell by
+Kippis, in which, when enumerating the works of the learned Doctor,
+Kippis says, "He was also the author of <em>The Shepherd of Banbury's
+Rules</em>,&mdash;a favourite pamphlet with the common people." We next find the
+book down to Campbell as the "author" in Watt's <em>Bibliotheca
+Britannica</em>, which is copied both by Chalmers and Lowndes. And so the
+error has been perpetuated, even up to the time of the publication of a
+meritorious <em>History of Banbury</em>, by the late Mr. Alfred Beesley, in
+1841. This writer thus speaks of the work:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"The far-famed shepherd of Banbury is only an apocryphal
+personage. In 1744 there was published<span class='pagenum'><a id="page374" name="page374">{374}</a></span> <em>The Shepherd of
+Banbury's Rules to judge of the Changes of the Weather, grounded
+on forty Years' Experience. To which is added, a rational
+Account of the Causes of such Alterations, the Nature of Wind,
+Rain, Snow, &amp;c., on the Principles of the Newtonian Philosophy.
+By John Claridge. London: printed for W. Bickerton, in the
+Temple Exchange, Fleet Street. Price 1s.</em> The work attracted a
+large share of public attention, and deserved it. A second
+edition appeared in 1748.... It is stated in Kippis's
+<em>Biographia Britannica</em> that, the real author was Dr. John
+Campbell, a Scotchman."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>In 1770 there appeared <em>An Essay on the Weather, with Remarks on "The
+Shepherd of Banbury's Rules, &amp;c."</em>: by John Mills, Esq., F.R.S. Mr.
+Mills observes:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"Who the shepherd of Banbury was, we know not; nor indeed have
+we any proof that the rules called his were penned by a real
+shepherd. Both these points are, however, immaterial; their
+truth is their best voucher.... Mr. Claridge published them in
+the year 1744, since which time they are become very scarce,
+having long been out of print."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Now all these blundering attempts at annihilating the poor shepherd may,
+I think, be accounted for by neither of the above-mentioned writers
+having a knowledge of the original edition, published in 1670, of the
+real shepherd's book (the title of which I will presently give), which
+any one may see in the British Museum library. It has on the title-page
+a slight disfigurement of name, viz. John <em>Clearidge</em>; but it is
+<em>Claridge</em> in the Preface. The truth is, that Dr. John Campbell
+<em>re-published</em> the book in 1744, but without affixing his own name, or
+giving any information of its author or of previous editions. The part,
+however, which he bore in this edition is explained by the latter
+portion of the title already given; and still more clearly in the
+Preface. We find authorities added, to give weight to the shepherd's
+remarks; and likewise additional rules in relation to the weather,
+derived from the common sayings and proverbs of the country people, and
+from old English books of husbandry. It may, in short, be called a
+clever scientific commentary on the shepherd's observations. After what
+has been stated, your readers will not be surprised to learn that one
+edition of the work appears in Watt's very inaccurate book under
+<span class="smcap">Claridge</span>, another under <span class="smcap">Clearidge</span>, and a third under <span class="smcap">Campbell</span>. I will
+now speak of the original work: it is a small octavo volume of
+thirty-two pages, rudely printed, with an amusing Preface "To the
+Reader," in which the shepherd dwells with much satisfaction on his
+peculiar vaticinating talents. As this Preface has been omitted in all
+subsequent editions, and as the book itself is extremely scarce, I
+conceive that a reprint of it in your pages may be acceptable to your
+Folk-lore readers. The "Rules" are interlarded with scraps of poetry,
+somewhat after the manner of old Tusser, and bear the unmistakeable
+impress of a "plain, unlettered Muse." The author concludes his work
+with a poetical address "to the antiquity and honour of shepheards." The
+title is rather a droll one, and is as follows:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"The Shepheard's Legacy: or John Clearidge his forty Years'
+Experience of the Weather: being an excellent Treatise, wherein
+is shewed the Knowledge of the Weather. First, by the Rising and
+Setting of the Sun. 2. How the Weather is known by the Moon. 3.
+By the Stars. 4. By the Clouds. 5. By the Mists. 6. By the
+Rainbow. 7. And especially by the Winds. Whereby the Weather may
+be exactly known from Time to Time: which Observation was never
+heretofore published by any Author. 8. Also, how to keep your
+Sheep sound when they be sound. 9. And how to cure them if they
+be rotten. 10. Is shewed the Antiquity and Honour of Shepheards.
+With some certain and assured Cures for thy Horse, Cow, and
+Sheep.</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<p>An Almanack is out at twelve months day,</p>
+<p>My Legacy it doth endure for aye.</p>
+<p>But take you notice, though 'tis but a hint,</p>
+<p>It far excels some books of greater print.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>London: printed and are to be sold by John Hancock, Junior, at
+the Three Bibles in Popes-head Ally, next Cornhill, 1670."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>In the Preface he tells us that&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"Having been importun'd by sundry friends (some of them being
+worthy persons) to make publique for their further benefit what
+they have found by experience to be useful for themselves and
+others, I could not deny their requests; but was willing to
+satisfie them, as also my own self, to do others good as well as
+myself; lest I should hide my talent in a napkin, and my skill
+be rak'd up with me in the dust. Therefore I have left it to
+posterity, that they may have the fruit when the old tree is
+dead and rotten. And because I would not be tedious, I shall
+descend to some few particular instances of my skill and
+foreknowledge of the weather, and I shall have done.</p>
+
+<p>"First, in the year 1665, at the 1st of January, I told several
+credible persons that the then frost would hold till March, that
+men could not plow, and so it came to pass directly.</p>
+
+<p>"2. I also told them that present March, that it would be a very
+dry summer, which likewise came to pass.</p>
+
+<p>"3. The same year, in November, I told them it would be a very
+open winter, which also came to pass, although at that time it
+was a great snow: but it lasted not a week.</p>
+
+<p>"4. In the year 1666, I told them that year in March, that it
+would be a very dry spring; which also came to pass.</p>
+
+<p>"5. In the year 1667, certaine shepheards ask'd my councel
+whether they might venture their sheep any more in the
+Low-fields? I told them they might safely venture them till
+August next; and they sped very well, without any loss.</p>
+
+<p>"6. I told them, in the beginning of September the same year,
+that it would be a south-west wind for two<span class='pagenum'><a id="page375" name="page375">{375}</a></span> or three months
+together, and also great store of rain, so that wheat sowing
+would be very difficult in the Low-fields, by reason of wet;
+which we have found by sad experience. And further, I told them
+that they should have not above three or four perfect fair days
+together till the shortest day.</p>
+
+<p>"7. In the year 1668, in March, although it was a very dry
+season then, I told my neighbours that it would be an
+extraordinary fruitful summer for hay and grass, and I knew it
+by reason there was so much rain in the latter end of February
+and beginning of March: for by that I ever judge of the summers,
+and I look that the winter will be dry and frosty for the most
+part, by reason that this November was mild: for by that I do
+ever judge of the winters.</p>
+
+<p>"Now, I refer you unto the book itself, which will sufficiently
+inform you of sundry other of my observations. For in the
+ensuing discourse I have set you down the same rules which I go
+by myself. And if any one shall question the truth of what is
+here set down, let them come to me, and I will give them further
+satisfaction.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>John Claridge, Sen.</p>
+
+<p class='in2'>"Hanwell, near Banbury."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>It appears, from inquiries made in the neighbourhood, that the name of
+Claridge is still common at Hanwell, a small village near Banbury&mdash;that
+"land o'cakes,"&mdash;and that last century there was a John Claridge, a
+small farmer, resident there, who died in 1758, and who might have been
+a grandson of the "far-famed," but unjustly defamed, "shepherd of
+Banbury."</p>
+
+<p><em>Apropos</em> of the "cakes" for which this flourishing town has long been
+celebrated, I beg to inform your correspondent <span class="smcap">Erica</span> (Vol. vii., p.
+106.) and J. R. M., M.A. (p. 310.) that there is a receipt "how to make
+a very good Banbury cake," printed as early as 1615, in Gervase
+Markham's <em>English Hus-wife</em>.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>W. B. Rye.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3><a id='Notes_on_several_misunderstood_Words' name='Notes_on_several_misunderstood_Words'>NOTES ON SEVERAL MISUNDERSTOOD WORDS.</a></h3>
+
+<p class='center'>(<em>Continued from</em> p. 353.)</p>
+
+<p><em>To miss</em>, to dispense with. This usage of the verb being of such
+ordinary occurrence, I should have deemed it superfluous to illustrate,
+were it not that the editors of Shakspeare, according to custom, are at
+a loss for examples:</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<p class='i0'>"We cannot <em>miss</em> him."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class='in2'><em>The Tempest</em>, Act I. Sc. 2. (where see Mr. Collier's note, and
+also Mr. Halliwell's, Tallis's edition).</p>
+
+<p>"All which things being much admirable, yet this is most, that
+they are so profitable; bringing vnto man both honey and wax,
+each so wholesome that we all desire it, both so necessary that
+we cannot <em>misse</em> them."&mdash;<em>Euphues and his England.</em></p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<p class='i0'>"I will have honest valiant souls about me;</p>
+<p>I cannot <em>miss</em> thee."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class='in2'>Beaumont and Fletcher, <em>The Mad Lover</em>, Act II. Sc. 1.</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<p class='i0'>"The blackness of this season cannot <em>miss</em> me."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class='in2'>The second <em>Maiden's Tragedy</em>, Act V. Sc. 1.</p>
+
+<p>"All three are to be had, we cannot <em>miss</em> any of them."&mdash;Bishop
+Andrewes, "A Sermon prepared to be preached on Whit Sunday, <small>A.D.</small>
+1622," <em>Library of Ang.-Cath. Theology</em>, vol. iii. p. 383.</p>
+
+<p>"For these, for every day's dangers we cannot <em>miss</em> the
+hand."&mdash;"A Sermon preached before the King's Majesty at
+Burleigh, near Oldham, <small>A.D.</small> 1614," <em>Id.</em>, vol. iv. p. 86.</p>
+
+<p>"We cannot <em>miss</em> one of them; they be necessary all."&mdash;<em>Id.</em>,
+vol. i. p. 73.</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>It is hardly necessary to occupy further room with more instances of so
+familiar a phrase, though perhaps it may not be out of the way to
+remark, that <em>miss</em> is used by Andrewes as a substantive in the same
+sense as the verb, namely, in vol. v. p. 176.: the more usual form being
+<em>misture</em>, or, earlier, <em>mister</em>. Mr. Halliwell, in his <em>Dictionary</em>,
+most unaccountably treats these two forms as distinct words; and yet,
+more unaccountably, collecting the import of <em>misture</em> for the context,
+gives it the signification of misfortune!! He quotes Nash's <em>Pierce
+Pennilesse</em>; the reader will find the passage at p. 47. of the
+Shakspeare Society's reprint. I subjoin another instance from vol. viii.
+p. 288. of Cattley's edition of Foxe's <em>Acts and Monuments</em>:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"Therefore all men evidently declared at that time, both how
+sore they took his death to heart; and also how hardly they
+could away with the <em>misture</em> of such a man."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>In Latin, <em>desidero</em> and <em>desiderium</em> best convey the import of this
+word.</p>
+
+<p><em>To buckle</em>, bend or bow. Here again, to their great discredit be it
+spoken, the editors of Shakspeare (Second Part of <em>Hen. IV.</em>, Act I. Sc.
+1.) are at fault for an example. Mr. Halliwell gives one in his
+<em>Dictionary</em> of the passive participle, which see. In Shakspeare it
+occurs as a neuter verb:</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<p class='i8'>"... And teach this body,</p>
+<p>To bend, and these my aged knees to <em>buckle</em>,</p>
+<p>In adoration and just worship to you."</p>
+<p class='i2'>Ben Jonson, <em>Staple of News</em>, Act II. Sc. 1.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p>"For, certainly, like as great stature in a natural body is some
+advantage in youth, but is but burden in age: so it is with
+great territory, which, when a state beginneth to decline, doth
+make it stoop and <em>buckle</em> so much the faster."&mdash;Lord Bacon, "Of
+the True Greatness of Great Britain," vol. i. p. 504. (Bohn's
+edition of the <em>Works</em>).</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>And again, as a transitive verb:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"Sear trees, standing or felled, belong to the lessee, and you
+have a special replication in the book of 44 E. III., that the
+wind did but rend them and <em>buckle</em> them."&mdash;<em>Case of Impeachment
+of Waste</em>, vol. i. p. 620.</p></blockquote>
+
+<p><em>On the hip</em>, at advantage. A term of wrestling. So said Dr. Johnson at
+first; but, on second<span class='pagenum'><a id="page376" name="page376">{376}</a></span> thoughts, referred it to <em>venery</em>, with which Mr.
+Dyce consents: both erroneously. Several instances are adduced by the
+latter, in his <em>Critique of Knight and Collier's Shakspeare</em>; any one of
+which, besides the passage in <em>The Merchant of Venice</em>, should have
+confuted that origin of the phrase. The hip of a chase is no term of
+woodman's craft: the haunch is. Moreover, what a marvellous expression,
+to say, A hound has a chase <em>on</em> the hip, instead of <em>by</em>. Still more
+prodigious to say, that a hound <em>gets</em> a chase <em>on</em> the hip. One would
+be loth to impute to the only judicious dramatic commentator of the day,
+a love of contradiction as the motive for quarrelling with Mr. Collier's
+note on this idiom. To the examples alleged by Mr. Dyce, the three
+following may be added; whereof the last, after the opinion of Sir John
+Harington, rightly refers the origin of the metaphor to wrestling:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"The Divell hath them <em>on the hip</em>, he may easily bring them to
+anything."&mdash;<em>Michael and the Dragon</em>, by D. Dike, p. 328.
+(<em>Workes</em>, London, 1635).</p>
+
+<p>"If he have us at the advantage, <em>on the hip</em> as we say, it is
+no great matter then to get service at our hands."&mdash;Andrewes, "A
+Sermon preached before the King's Majesty at Whitehall, 1617,"
+<em>Library of Ang.-Cath. Theology</em>, vol. iv. p. 365.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote>
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<p class='i0'>"Full oft the valiant knight his hold doth shift,</p>
+<p>And with much prettie sleight, the same doth slippe;</p>
+<p>In fine he doth applie one speciall drift,</p>
+<p>Which was to get the Pagan on the <em>hippe</em>:</p>
+<p>And hauing caught him right, he doth him lift,</p>
+<p>By nimble sleight, and in such wise doth trippe:</p>
+<p>That downe he threw him, and his fall was such,</p>
+<p>His head-piece was the first that ground did tuch."</p>
+<p>Sir John Harington's Translation of <em>Orlando</em></p>
+<p class='i2'><em>Furioso</em>, Booke xlvi. Stanza 117.</p>
+</div></div></blockquote>
+
+<p>In some editions, the fourth line is printed "<em>namely</em> to get," &amp;c.,
+with other variations in the spelling of the rest of the stanza.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>W. R. Arrowsmith.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>(<em>To be continued.</em>)</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3><a id='Lord_Coke' name='Lord_Coke'>LORD COKE.</a></h3>
+
+<p>Turning over some old books recently, my attention was strongly drawn to
+the following:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"The Lord Coke, his Speech and Charge, with a Discouerie of the
+Abuses and Corruptions of Officers. 8vo. Lond. N. Butter, 1607."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>This curious piece appears to have been published by one R. P.
+<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href=
+  "#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a>, who
+describes himself, in his dedication to the Earl of Exeter, as a "poore,
+dispised, pouertie-stricken, hated, scorned, and vnrespected souldier,"
+of which there were, doubtless, many in the reign of James the Pacific.
+Lord Coke, in his address to the jury at the Norwich Assizes, gives an
+account of the various plottings of the Papists, from the Reformation to
+the Gunpowder Treason, to bring the land again under subjection to Rome,
+and characterises the schemes and the actors therein as he goes along in
+the good round terms of an out-and-out Protestant. He has also a fling
+at the Puritans, and all such as would disturb the church and hierarchy
+as by law established. But the most remarkable part of the book is that
+which comes under the head of "A Discouerie of the Abuses and Corruption
+of Officers;" and believing an abstract might interest your readers, and
+furnish the antiquary with a reference, I herewith present you with a
+list of the officials and others whom my Lord Coke recommends the
+<em>Jurie</em> to present, assuring them, at the same time, that "by God's
+grace they, the offenders, shall not goe unpunished for their abuses;
+for we have," says he, "a <small>COYFE</small>, which signifies a <em>scull</em>, whereby, in
+the execution of justice, wee are defended against all oppositions, bee
+they never so violent."</p>
+
+<p>1. The first gentleman introduced by Lord Coke to the Norwich jury is
+the <em>Escheator</em>, who had power to demand upon what tenure a poor yeoman
+held his lands, and is an officer in great disfavour with the judge. He
+gives some curious instances of his imposition, and concludes by
+remarking that, for his rogueries, he were better described by striking
+away the first syllable of his name, the rest truly representing him a
+<em>cheator</em>.</p>
+
+<p>2. <em>The Clarke of the Market</em> comes in for his share of Lord Coke's
+denouncements. "It was once," he says, "my hap to take a clarke of the
+market in his trickes; but I aduanst him higher than his father's sonne,
+by so much as from the ground to the toppe of the pillorie" for his
+bribery.</p>
+
+<p>3. "A certaine ruffling officer" called a <em>Purveyor</em>, who is
+occasionally found <em>purveying money</em> out of your purses, and is
+therefore, says Lord Coke, "on the highway to the gallowes."</p>
+
+<p>4. As the next officer is unknown in the present day, I give his
+character <em>in extenso</em>:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"There is also a Salt-peter-man, whose commission is not to
+break vp any man's house or ground without leaue. And not to
+deale with any house, but such as is vnused for any necessarie
+imployment by the owner. And not to digge in any place without
+leauing it smooth and leuell: in such case as he found it. This
+Salt-peter-man vnder shew of his authoritie, though being no
+more than is specified, will make plaine and simple people
+beleeue, that hee will without their leaue breake vp the floore
+of their dwelling house, vnlesse they will compound with him to
+the contrary. Any such fellow, if you can meete with all, let
+his misdemenor be presented, that he may be taught better to
+vnderstand his office: For by their abuse the country is
+oftentimes troubled."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>5. There is another troublesome fellow called a <em>Concealor</em>, who could
+easily be proved no better<span class='pagenum'><a id="page377" name="page377">{377}</a></span> than a <em>cosioner</em>, and whose pretensions are
+to be resisted.</p>
+
+<p>6. A <em>Promoter</em>, generally both a beggar and a knave. This is the modern
+informer, "a necessarie office," says Lord Coke, "but rarely filled by
+an honest man."</p>
+
+<p>7. The <em>Monopolitane</em> or <em>Monopolist</em>; with these the country was
+overrun in James' reign. "To annoy and hinder the public weale, these
+for their own benefit have sold their lands, and then come to beggarie
+by a <em>starch</em>, <em>vinegar</em>, or <em>aqua vit&aelig;</em> monopoly, and justly too," adds
+his lordship.</p>
+
+<p>8. Lord Coke has no objection to those <em>golden fooles</em>, the <em>Alcumists</em>,
+so long as they keep to their <em>metaphisicall</em> and <em>Paracelsian</em> studies;
+but <em>science is felony committed by any comixture to multiply either
+gold or silver</em>; the alchymist is therefore a suspected character, and
+to be looked after by the jury.</p>
+
+<p>9. Vagrants to be resolutely put down, the Statute against whom had
+worked well.</p>
+
+<p>10. The stage-players find no favour with this stern judge, who tells
+the jury that as they, the players, cannot perform without leave, it is
+easy to be rid of them, remarking, <em>that the country is much troubled by
+them</em>.</p>
+
+<p>11. Taverns, Inns, Ale-houses, Bowling Allies, and such like thriftless
+places of resort for tradesmen and artificers, to be under strict
+surveillance.</p>
+
+<p>12. Gallants, or riotous young gents, to be sharply looked after, and
+their proceedings controlled.</p>
+
+<p>13. Gentlemen with greyhounds and birding-pieces, who would elude the
+<em>statutes against gunnes</em>, to be called to account "for the
+shallow-brain'd idlenesse of their ridiculous foolery."</p>
+
+<p>14. The statute against <em>ryotous expence in apparel</em> to be put in force
+against <em>unthriftie infractors</em>.</p>
+
+<p>There is room here for a few Queries, but I content myself with asking
+for a further reference to No. 4., "The Salt-peter-man."</p>
+
+<p class='author'>J. O.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+    <p><a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a> <strong>Footnote 1</strong>: <a href=
+    "#footnotetag1">(return)</a></p>
+<p>No doubt the author of an ultra-Protestant poem, entitled
+<em>Times Anatomie, made by Robert Prickett, a Souldier</em>.
+Imprinted, 1606.</p></blockquote>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3><a id='Shakspeare_Correspondence' name='Shakspeare_Correspondence'>SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.</a></h3>
+
+<p><em>Dogberry's Losses or Leases.</em>&mdash;<em>Much Ado about Nothing</em>, Act IV. Sc.
+4.:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"<em>Dogberry.</em> A rich fellow enough, go to: and a fellow that hath
+had losses; and one that hath two gowns, and everything handsome
+about him."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>I can quite sympathise with the indignation of some of my cotemporaries
+at the alteration by <span class="smcap">Mr. Payne Collier's</span> mysterious corrector, of
+"losses" into "leases." I am sorry to see a reading which we had
+cherished without any misgiving as a bit of Shaksperian quaintness, and
+consecrated by the humour of Gray and Charles Lamb, turned into a clumsy
+misprint. But we must look at real probabilities, not at fancies and
+predilections. I am afraid "leases" is the likelier word. It has also a
+special fitness, which has not been hitherto remarked. Many of the
+wealthy people of Elizabeth's reign, particularly in the middle class,
+were "fellows that had had leases." It will be recollected that
+extravagant leases or fines were among the methods by which the
+possessions of the church were so grievously dilapidated in the age of
+the Reformation. Those who had a little money to invest, could not do so
+on more advantageous terms than by obtaining such leases as the
+necessity or avarice of clerical and other corporations induced them to
+grant; and the coincident fall in the value of money increased the gain
+of the lessees, and loss of the corporations, to an extraordinary
+amount. Throughout Elizabeth's reign parliament was at work in
+restraining this abuse, by the well-known "disabling acts," restricting
+the power of bishops and corporations to lease their property. The last
+was passed, I think, only in 1601. And therefore a "rich fellow" of
+Dogberry's class was described, to the thorough comprehension and
+enjoyment of an audience of that day, as one who "had <em>had</em> leases."</p>
+
+<p class='author'>Scrutator.</p>
+
+<p>May I be allowed a little space in the pages of "N. &amp; Q." to draw <span class="smcap">Mr.
+Collier's</span> attention to some passages in which the old corrector appears
+to me to have corrupted, rather than improved, the text? Possibly on
+second thoughts <span class="smcap">Mr. Collier</span> may be induced to withdraw these readings
+from the text of his forthcoming edition of our great poet. I give the
+pages of <span class="smcap">Mr. Collier's</span> recent volume, and quote according to the old
+corrector.</p>
+
+<p class='in2'><em>Two Gentlemen of Verona</em>, Act II. Sc. 2., p. 21.:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<p class='i0'>"That I, unworthy body, as I <em>can</em>,</p>
+<p>Should censure thus a <em>loving</em> gentleman."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><em>Can</em> for <em>am</em> spoils the sense; it was introduced unnecessarily to make
+a perfect rhyme, but such rhymes as <em>am</em> and <em>man</em> were common in
+Shakspeare's time. <em>Loving</em> for <em>lovely</em> is another modernism; <em>lovely</em>
+is equivalent to the French <em>aimable</em>. "Saul and Jonathan were <em>lovely</em>
+and pleasant in their lives," &amp;c. The whole passage, which is indeed
+faulty in the old copies, should, I think, be read thus:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<p class='i8'>"'Tis a passing shame</p>
+<p class='i2'>That I, unworthy body that I am,</p>
+<p class='i2'>Should censure <em>on a</em> lovely <em>gentleman</em>.</p>
+<p><em>Jul.&nbsp;</em> Why not on Proteus as <em>on</em> all the rest?</p>
+<p><em>Luc.&nbsp;</em> Then thus,&mdash;of many good I think him best."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><em>Thus</em> crept in after <em>censure</em> from the next line but one. In Julia's
+speech, grammar requires <em>on</em> for <em>of</em>.</p>
+
+<p class='in2'><em>Measure for Measure</em>, Act IV. <ins class='correction' title='The line is in Sc. 4. not Sc. 5.'>Sc. 5</ins>., p. 52.:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<p class='i0'>"For my authority bears <em>such</em> a credent bulk," &amp;c.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Fols. "<em>of</em> a credent bulk," read "<em>so</em> credent bulk."<span class='pagenum'><a id="page378" name="page378">{378}</a></span></p>
+
+<p class='in2'><em>Much Ado about Nothing</em>, Act IV. Sc. 1., p 72.:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<p class='i0'>"Myself would on the <em>hazard</em> of reproaches</p>
+<p>Strike at thy life."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>When fathers kill their children, they run the risk not merely of being
+reproached, but of being hanged; but this reading is a mere
+sophistication by some one who did not understand the true reading,
+<em>rearward</em>. Leonato threatens to take his daughter's life <em>after having</em>
+reproached her.</p>
+
+<p class='in2'><em>Taming of the Shrew</em>, p. 145.:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<p class='i0'>"O, yes, I saw sweet beauty in her face,</p>
+<p>Such as the daughter of <em>Agenor's race</em>," &amp;c.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>"The daughter of Agenor's race" for "the daughter of Agenor" is awkward,
+but there is a far more decisive objection to this alteration. To
+compare the beauty of Bianca with the beauty of Europa is a legitimate
+comparison; but to compare the beauty of Bianca with Europa herself, is
+of course inadmissible. Here is another corruption introduced in order
+to produce rhyming couplet; restore the old reading, "the daughter of
+Agenor <em>had</em>."</p>
+
+<p class='in2'><em>The Winter's Tale</em>, Act IV. Sc. 2., p. 191.:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<p class='i0'>"If, &amp;c., let me be <em>enrolled</em>, and any name put in the book of virtue."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>We have here an abortive attempt to correct the nonsensical reading of
+the old copies, <em>unrolled</em>; but if <em>enrolled</em> itself makes sense, it
+does so only by introducing tautology. Besides, it leads us away from
+what I believe to be the true reading, <em>unrogued</em>.</p>
+
+<p class='in2'><em>King John</em>, Act V. Sc. 7., p. 212.:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<p class='i0'>"Death, having prey'd upon the outward parts,</p>
+<p>Leaves them <em>unvisited</em>; and his siege is now</p>
+<p>Against the mind."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>How could death prey upon the king's outward parts without visiting
+them? Perhaps, however, we have here only a corruption of a genuine
+text. Query, "<em>ill</em>-visited."</p>
+
+<p class='in2'><em>Troilus and Cressida</em>, Act I. Sc. 3., p. 331.:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<p class='i0'>"And, with an accent tun'd in self-same key,</p>
+<p>Replies to chiding fortune."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>This, which is also Hanmer's reading, certainly makes sense. Pope read
+<em>returns</em>. The old copies have <em>retires</em>. I believe Shakspeare wrote
+"<em>Rechides</em> to chiding fortune." This puzzled the compositor, who gave
+the nearest common word without regard to the sense.</p>
+
+<p><em>Troilus and Cressida</em>, Act V. Sc. 1., p. 342.&mdash;The disgusting speeches
+of Thersites are scarcely worth correcting, much less dwelling upon; but
+there can be little doubt that we should read "male <em>harlot</em>" for "male
+<em>varlet</em>;" and "preposterous <em>discoverers</em>" (not discolourers) for
+"preposterous discoveries."</p>
+
+<p class='in2'><em>Coriolanus</em>, Act V. Sc. 5., p. 364.:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<p class='i0'>"I ... holp to reap the fame</p>
+<p>Which he did <em>ear</em> all his."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>To <em>ear</em> is to <em>plough</em>. Aufidius complains that he had a share in the
+harvest, while Coriolanus took all the ploughing to himself. We have
+only, however, to transpose <em>reap</em> and <em>ear</em>, and this nonsense is at
+once converted into excellent sense. The old corrector blindly copied
+the blunder of a corrupt, but not sophisticated, manuscript. This has
+occurred elsewhere in this collection.</p>
+
+<p class='in2'><em>Antony and Cleopatra</em>, Act I. Sc. 5., p. 467.:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<p class='i0'>"And soberly did mount an <em>arm-girt</em> steed."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>This reading was also conjectured by Hanmer. The folios read
+<em>arme-gaunt</em>. This appears to me a mere misprint for <em>rampaunt</em>, but
+whether <em>rampaunt</em> was Shakspeare's word, or a transcriber's
+sophistication for <em>ramping</em>, is more than I can undertake to determine.
+I believe, however, that one of them is the true reading. At one period
+to <em>ramp</em> and to <em>prance</em> seem to have been synonymous. Spenser makes
+the horses of night "fiercely <em>ramp</em>," and Surrey exhibits a <em>prancing</em>
+lion.</p>
+
+<p>This communication is, I am afraid, already too long for "N. &amp; Q.;" I
+will therefore only add my opinion, that, though the old corrector has
+reported many bad readings, they are far outnumbered by the good ones in
+the collection.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>W. N. L.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Mr. Collier's "Notes and Emendations:" Passage in "The Winter's
+Tale."</em>&mdash;At p. 192. of <span class="smcap">Mr. Payne Collier's</span> new volume, he cites a
+passage in <em>The Winter's Tale</em>, ending&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<p class='i7'>"... I should blush</p>
+<p>To see you so attir'd, sworn, I think</p>
+<p>To show myself a glass."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The MS. emendator, he says, reads <em>so worn</em> for <em>sworn</em>; and adds:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"The meaning therefore is, that Florizel's plain attire was 'so
+worn,' to show Perdita, as in a glass, how simply she ought to
+have been dressed."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Now <span class="smcap">Mr. Collier</span>, in this instance, has not, according to his usual
+practice, alluded to any commentator who has suggested the same
+emendation. The inference would be, that this emendation is a novelty.
+This it is not. It has been before the world for thirty-four years, and
+its merits have failed to give it currency. At p. 142. of Z. Jackson's
+miscalled <em>Restorations</em>, 1819, we find this emendation, with the
+following note:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"<em>So worn</em>, i. e. <em>so reduced</em>, in your external appearance,
+that I should think you intended to remind me of my own
+condition; for, by looking at you thus attired, I behold myself,
+as it were, reflected in a glass, habited in robes becoming my
+obscure birth, and equally obscure fortune."</p></blockquote><p><span class='pagenum'><a id="page379" name="page379">{379}</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Jackson's emendations are invariably bad; but whatever may be thought of
+the sense of Florizel being <em>so worn</em> (instead of his dress), it is but
+fair to give a certain person his due. The passage has long seemed to me
+to have this meaning:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"But that we are acquiescing in a custom, I should blush to see
+you, who are a prince, attired like a swain; and still more
+should I blush to look at myself in the glass, and see a peasant
+girl pranked up like a princess."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p><em>&amp; more</em>, in MS., might very easily have been mistaken for <em>sworn</em> by
+the compositor. Accordingly, I would read the complete passage thus:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<p class='i7'>"... But that our feasts</p>
+<p>In every mess have folly, and the feeders</p>
+<p>Digest it with a custom, I should blush</p>
+<p>To see you so attir'd, and more, I think,</p>
+<p>To show myself a glass."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class='author'>C. Mansfield Ingleby.</p>
+
+<p class='location'>Birmingham.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3><a id='Minor_Notes' name='Minor_Notes'>Minor Notes.</a></h3>
+
+
+<p><em>Alleged Cure for Hydrophobia.</em>&mdash;From time to time articles have
+appeared in "N. &amp; Q." as to the cure of hydrophobia, a specific for
+which seems still to be a desideratum.</p>
+
+<p>In the <em>Miscellanea Curiosa</em> (vol. iii. p. 346.) is a paper on Virginia,
+from the Rev. John Clayton, rector of Crofton in Wakefield, in which he
+states the particulars of several cures which he had effected of persons
+bitten by mad dogs. His principal remedy seems to have been the
+"volatile salt of amber" every four hours, and in the intervals, "Spec.
+Pleres Archonticon and Rue powdered ana gr. 15." I am not learned enough
+to understand what these drugs are called in the modern nomenclature of
+druggists.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>C. T. W.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Epitaph at Mickleton.</em>&mdash;The following inscription is copied from a
+monument on the north wall of the chancel of Mickleton Church, co.
+Gloucester:</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<p class='i6'>"<em>The Ephitath of John Bonner.</em><br /></p>
+<p class='i2'>Heare lyeth in tomed John Bonner by name,</p>
+<p>Sonne of Bonner of Pebworth, from thence he came.</p>
+<p class='i3'>The :&nbsp;17&nbsp;: of October he ended his daies,</p>
+<p class='i1'>Pray God that wee leveing may follow his wayes.</p>
+<p class='i8'>1618 by the yeare.</p>
+<p class='i2'>Scarce are such Men to be found in this shere.</p>
+<p class='i4'>Made and set up by his loveing frend</p>
+<p class='i3'>Evens his kindesman and [so I] doe end.</p>
+<p class='i2'>John Bonner, Senior.&nbsp;&nbsp; Thomas Evens, Junior.</p>
+<p class='i11'>1618."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The words in brackets are conjectural, the stone at that point being
+much corroded.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>Balliolensis.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Charade attributed to Sheridan.</em>&mdash;You have given a place to enigmas in
+"N. &amp; Q.," and therefore the following, which has been attributed to R.
+B. Sheridan, may be acceptable. Was he the author?</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<p class='i0'>"There is a spot, say, Traveller, where it lies,</p>
+<p>And mark the clime, the limits, and the size,</p>
+<p>Where grows no grass, nor springs the yellow grain,</p>
+<p>Nor hill nor dale diversify the plain;</p>
+<p>Perpetual green, without the farmer's toil,</p>
+<p>Through all the seasons clothes the favor'd soil,</p>
+<p>Fair pools, in which the finny race abound,</p>
+<p>By human art prepar'd, enrich the ground.</p>
+<p>Not India's lands produce a richer store,</p>
+<p>Pearl, ivory, gold and silver ore.</p>
+<p class='i1'>Yet, Britons, envy not these boasted climes,</p>
+<p>Incessant war distracts, and endless crimes</p>
+<p>Pollute the soil:&mdash;Pale Avarice triumphs there,</p>
+<p>Hate, Envy, Rage, and heart-corroding Care,</p>
+<p>With Fraud and Fear, and comfortless Despair.</p>
+<p>There government not long remains the same,</p>
+<p>Nor they, like us, revere a monarch's name.</p>
+<p>Britons, beware! Let avarice tempt no more;</p>
+<p>Spite of the wealth, avoid the tempting shore;</p>
+<p>The daily bread which Providence has given,</p>
+<p>Eat with content, and leave the rest to heaven."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class='author'>Balliolensis.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Suggested Reprint of Hearne.</em>&mdash;It has often occurred to me to inquire
+whether an association might not be formed for the republication of the
+works edited by Tom Hearne? An attempt was made some years ago by a
+bookseller; and, as only Robert of Gloucester and Peter Langtoft
+appeared, "Printed for Samuel Bagster, in the Strand, 1810," we must
+infer that the spirited publisher was too far in advance of the age, and
+that the attempt did not pay. Probably it never would <em>as a bookseller's
+speculation</em>. But might not a society like the Camden be formed for the
+purpose with some probability, in these altered times and by such an
+improved method of proceeding, of placing these curious and valuable
+volumes once more within reach of men of ordinary means? At present the
+works edited by Hearne are rarely to be met with in catalogues, and when
+they do occur, the prices are almost fabulous, quite on the scale of
+those affixed to ancient MSS.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>Balliolensis.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Suggestions of Books worthy of being reprinted.</em>&mdash;Fabricius,
+<em lang= 'la'>Bibliotheca Latina Medi&aelig; et Infim&aelig; &AElig;tatis</em>, 6 vols. 8vo. (Recommended
+in <em>The Guardian</em> newspaper.)</p>
+
+<p class='author'>J. M.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Epigram all the way from Belgium.</em>&mdash;Should you think the following
+epigram, written in the travellers' book at Hans-sur-Lesse, in Belgium,
+worth preserving, it is at your service:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<p class='i0'>"Old Euclid may go to the wall,</p>
+<p class='i1'>For we've solved what he never could guess,</p>
+<p>How the fish in the river are <em>small</em>,</p>
+<p class='i1'>But the river they live in is <em>Lesse</em>."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class='author'>H. A. B.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a id="page380" name="page380">{380}</a></span><em>Derivation of "Canada."</em>&mdash;I send you a cutting from an old newspaper,
+on the derivation of this word:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"The name of Canada, according to Sir John Barrow, originated in
+the following circumstances. When the Portuguese, under Gasper
+Cortcreal, in the year 1500, first ascended the great river St.
+Lawrence, they believed it was the strait of which they were in
+search, and through which a passage might be discovered into the
+Indian Sea. But on arriving at the point whence they could
+clearly ascertain it was not a strait but a river, they, with
+all the emphasis of disappointed hopes, exclaimed repeatedly
+'Canada!'&mdash;Here nothing; words which were remembered and
+repeated by the natives on seeing Europeans arrive in 1534, who
+naturally conjectured that the word they heard employed so often
+must denote the name of the country."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class='author'>Henry H. Breen.</p>
+
+<p class='location'>St. Lucia.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Railway Signals.</em>&mdash;An effective communication from the guard to the
+engineman, for the prevention of railway accidents, seems to be an
+important desideratum, which has hitherto baffled the ingenuity of
+philosophers. The only proposed plan likely to be adopted, is that of a
+cord passing below the foot-boards, and placing the valve of the steam
+whistle under the control of the guard. The trouble attending this
+scheme, and the liability to neglect and disarrangement, render its
+success doubtful. What I humbly suggest is, that the guard should be
+provided with an independent instrument which would produce a sound
+sufficiently loud to catch the ear of the engineman. Suppose, for
+instance, that the mouth-piece of a clarionet, or the windpipe of a
+duck, or a metallic imitation, were affixed to the muzzle of an air-gun,
+and the condensed air discharged through the confined aperture; a shrill
+sound would be emitted. Surely, then, a small instrument might be
+contrived upon this principle, powerful enough to arrest the attention
+of the engineer, if not equal to the familiar shriek of the present
+whistle.</p>
+
+<p>It is hoped that this hint will be followed up; that your publication
+will sustain its character by thus providing a medium of
+intercommunication for these worthies, who can respectively lay claim to
+the titles of men of science and men of <em>letters</em>, and that some
+experimenter "when found will make a <em>note</em>"&mdash;a stunning one.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>T. C.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>A Centenarian Trading Vessel.</em>&mdash;There is a small smack now trading in
+the Bristol Channel, in excellent condition and repair, and likely to
+last for many years, called the "Fanny," which was built in 1753. This
+vessel belongs to Porlock, in the port of Bridgewater, and was
+originally built at Aberthaw in South Wales. Can any of your readers
+refer to any other <em>trading</em> vessel so old as this?</p>
+
+<p class='author'>Anon.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' />
+
+
+<h2><a id='Queries' name='Queries'>Queries.</a></h2>
+
+
+<h3>BISHOP KEN.</h3>
+
+<p>At what place, and by what bishop, was he ordained, in 1661? His
+ordination probably took place in the diocese of Oxford, London,
+Winchester, or Worcester. The discovery of it has hitherto baffled much
+research.</p>
+
+<p>Jon Ken, an elder brother of the Bishop, was Treasurer of the East India
+Company in 1683. Where can anything be learned of him? Is there any
+mention of him in the books of the East India Company? Was he the Ken
+mentioned in Roger North's <em>Lives of the Norths</em>, as one of the
+court-rakes? When did he die, and where was he buried? This Jon Ken
+married Rose, the daughter of Sir Thomas Vernon, of Coleman Street, and
+by her is said (by Hawkins) to have had a daughter, married to the
+Honorable Christopher Frederick Kreienberg, Hanoverian Resident in
+London. Did M. Kreienberg die in this country, or can anything be
+ascertained of him or his wife?</p>
+
+<p>The Bishop wrote to James II. a letter of intercession on behalf of the
+rebels in 1685. Can this letter be found in the State-Paper Office, or
+elsewhere?</p>
+
+<p>In answer to a sermon preached by Bishop Ken, on 5th May, 1687, one F.
+I. R., designating himself "a most loyal Irish subject of the <em>Company
+of Jesuits</em>," wrote some "Animadversions." Could this be the "fath. Jo.
+Reed," a <em>Benedictine</em>, mentioned in the Life of A. Wood, under date of
+July 21, 1671? Father Reed was author of <em>Votiva Tabula</em>. Can any one
+throw any light on this?</p>
+
+<p class='author'>J. J. J.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3><a id='Minor_Queries' name='Minor_Queries'>Minor Queries.</a></h3>
+
+
+<p><em>Canute's Reproof to his Courtiers.</em>&mdash;Opposite the Southampton Docks, in
+the Canute Road, is the Canute Hotel, with this inscription in front:
+"Near this spot, <small>A.D.</small> 1028, Canute reproved his courtiers." The building
+is of very recent date.</p>
+
+<p>Query, Is there any and what authority for the statement?</p>
+
+<p class='author'>Salopian.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>The Sign of the Cross in the Greek Church.</em>&mdash;The members of the Greek
+Church sign themselves with the sign of the cross in a different manner
+from those of the Western Church. What is the difference?</p>
+
+<p class='author'>J. C. B.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Reverend Richard Midgley, Vicar of Rochdale, temp. Eliz.</em>&mdash;Dr. T. D.
+Whitaker mentions, in a note in his <em>Life of Sir George Radcliffe,
+Knt.</em>, p. 4., 4to. 1810, that at an obscure inn in North Wales he once
+met with a very interesting account of Midgley in a collection of lives
+of pious persons,<span class='pagenum'><a id="page381" name="page381">{381}</a></span> made about the time of Charles I.; but adds, that he
+had forgotten the title, and had never since been able to obtain the
+book. Can any reader of "N. &amp; Q." identify this "collection," or furnish
+any particulars of Midgley not recorded by Brook, Calamy, or Hunter?</p>
+
+<p class='author'>F. R. R.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Huet's Navigations of Solomon.</em>&mdash;Can you or any of your readers inform
+me if the treatise referred to in the accompanying extract was ever
+published? and, if so, what was the result as to the assertions there
+made?</p>
+
+<p><em>The History of the Commerce and Navigation of the Ancients. Written in
+French by Monsieur Huet, Bishop of Avranches. Made English from the
+Paris Edition. London: Printed for B. Lintot, between the Temple Gates,
+in Fleet Street, and Mears, at the Lamb, without Temple Bar.</em> 1717.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"2dly. It is here we must lay down the most important remark, in
+point of commerce; and I shall undeniably establish the truth of
+it in a treatise which I have begun concerning the navigations
+of Solomon, that the Cape of Good Hope was known, often
+frequented, and doubled in Solomon's time, and so it was
+likewise for many years after; and that the Portuguese, to whom
+the glory of this discovery has been attributed, were not the
+first that found out this place, but mere secondary
+discoverers."&mdash;P. 20.</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class='author'>Edina.</p>
+
+<p class='location'>Edinburgh.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Sheriff of Worcestershire in 1781.</em>&mdash;Will any one of your
+correspondents inform me who was sheriff of Worcestershire in the year
+1781*, and give his arms, stating the source of his knowledge on these
+points, to much oblige</p>
+
+<p class='author'>Y.</p>
+
+<p class='note'>[* John Darke of Breedon, Esq. See Nash's <em>Worcestershire</em>,
+Supplement, p. 102.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed</span>.]</p>
+
+<p><em>Tree of the Thousand Images.</em>&mdash;Father Huc, in his journey to Thibet,
+gives an account of a singular tree, bearing this title, and of which
+the peculiarity is that its leaves and bark are covered with
+well-defined characters of the Thibetian alphabet. The tree seen by MM.
+Huc and Gabet appeared to them to be of great age, and is said by the
+inhabitants to be the only one of its kind known in the country.
+According to the account given by these travellers, the letters would
+appear to be formed by the veins of the leaves; the resemblance to
+Thibetian characters was such as to strike them with astonishment, and
+they were inclined at first to suspect fraud, but, after repeated
+observations, arrived at the conclusion that none existed. Do botanists
+know or conjecture anything about this tree?</p>
+
+<p class='author'>C. W. G.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>De Burgh Family.</em>&mdash;I shall feel much obliged for references to the
+early seals of the English branch of the family of De Burgh, descended
+from Harlowen De Burgh, and Arlotta, mother of William the Conqueror,
+especially of that English branch whose armorial bearings were&mdash;Or a
+cross gules: also for information whether the practice, in reference to
+the spelling of names, was such as to render <em>Barow</em>, of the latter part
+of the fifteenth century, Aborough some fifty years afterwards.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>E. D. B.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Witchcraft Sermons at Huntingdon.</em>&mdash;In an article on Witchcraft in the
+<em>Retrospective Review</em> (vol. v. p. 121.), it is stated that, in 1593&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"An old man, his wife and daughter, were accused of bewitching
+the five children of a Mr. Throgmorton, several servants, the
+lady of Sir Samuel Cromwell, and other persons.... They were
+executed, and their goods, which were of the value of forty
+pounds, being escheated to Sir S. Cromwell, as lord of the
+manor, he gave the amount to the mayor and aldermen of
+Huntingdon, for a rent-charge of forty shillings yearly, to be
+paid out of their town lands, for an annual lecture upon the
+subject of witchcraft, to be preached at their town every
+Lady-Day, by a doctor or bachelor of divinity, of Queen's
+College, Cambridge."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Is this sum yet paid, and the sermon still preached, or has it fallen
+into disuse now that it is unpopular to believe in witchcraft and
+diabolic possession? Have any of the sermons been published?</p>
+
+<p class='author'>Edward Peacock, Junior.</p>
+
+<p class='location'>Bottesford, Kirton in Lindsey.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Consort.</em>&mdash;A former correspondent applied for a notice of Mons.
+Consort, said to have been a mystical impostor similar to the famous
+Cagliostro. I beg to renew the same inquiry.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>A. N.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Creole.</em>&mdash;This word is variously represented in my Lexicons. Bailey
+says, "The descendant of an European, born in America," and with him
+agree the rest, with the exception of the <em>Metropolitana</em>; that
+Encyclop&aelig;dia gives the meaning, "The descendant of an European and an
+American Indian." A friend advocating the first meaning derives the word
+from the Spanish. Another friend, in favour of the second meaning,
+derives it originally from <ins class='transliteration' title='kerannumi' lang='el'>&#954;&#949;&#961;&#945;&#957;&#957;&#965;&#956;&#953;</ins>, <em>to mix</em>; which word is
+fetched, perhaps far-fetched, from <ins class='transliteration' title='keras' lang= 'el'>&#954;&#949;&#961;&#945;&#962;</ins>, the horn in which
+liquors are <em>mixed</em>. Light on this word would be acceptable.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>Gilbert N. Smith.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Shearman Family.</em>&mdash;Is there a family named <em>Shearman</em> or <em>Sherman</em> in
+Yorkshire, or in the city of York? What are their arms? Is there any
+record of any of that family settling in Ireland, in the county or city
+of Kilkenny, about the middle of the seventeenth century, or at an
+earlier period in Cork? Are there any genealogical records of them? Was
+Robert Shearman, warden of the hospital of St. Cross in Winchester, of
+that family? Was Roger Shearman, who signed the Declaration<span class='pagenum'><a id="page382" name="page382">{382}</a></span> of American
+Independence, a member of same? Is there any record of three brothers,
+Robert, Oliver, and Francis Shearman, coming to England in the army of
+William the Conqueror?</p>
+
+<p class='author'>John F. Shearman.</p>
+
+<p class='location'>Kilkenny.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Traitors' Ford.</em>&mdash;There is a place called Traitors' Ford on the borders
+of Warwickshire and Oxfordshire, near the source of the little river
+Stour, about two miles from the village of Whichford, in the former
+county. What is the origin of the name? There is no notice of it in
+Dugdale's <em>Warwickshire</em>, nor is it mentioned in the older maps of the
+county of Warwick. The vicinity to the field of Edge-Hill would lead one
+to suppose it may be connected with some event of the period of the
+Civil Wars.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>Spes.</p>
+
+
+<p>"<em>Your most obedient humble Servant.</em>"&mdash;In Beloe's <em>Anecdotes of
+Literature</em>, vol. ii. p. 93., mention is made of a poem entitled <em>The
+Historie of Edward the Second, surnamed Carnarvon</em>. The author, Sir
+Francis Hubert, in 1629, when closing the dedication of this poem to his
+brother, Mr. Richard Hubert, thus remarks:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"And so, humbly desiring the Almighty to blesse you both in
+soule, body, and estate, I rest not your <em>servant</em>, according to
+the <em>new</em>, and fine, but false phrase of the time, but in honest
+old English, your loving brother and true friend for ever."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Query, At what time, and with whom did this very common and most
+unmeaning term in English correspondence have its origin?</p>
+
+<p class='author'>W. W.</p>
+
+<p class='location'>Malta.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Version of a Proverb.</em>&mdash;What, and where to be found, is the true
+version of "Qui facit per alium, facit per se?"</p>
+
+<p class='author'>P. J. F. Gantillon, B.A.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Ellis Walker.</em>&mdash;Can any reader of "N. &amp; Q." give any information as to
+Ellis Walker, who made a <em>Poetical Paraphrase of the Enchiridion of
+Epictetus</em>? He dedicates it to "his honoured uncle, Mr. Samuel Walker of
+York," and speaks of having taken Epictetus for his companion when he
+fled from the "present troubles in Ireland." My edition is printed in
+London, 1716, but of what edition is not mentioned; but I presume the
+work to have been of earlier date, probably in 1690-1, as indeed I find
+it to have been, by inserted addresses to the author, of date in the
+latter year. Any information as to the translator will oblige.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>A. B. R.</p>
+
+<p class='location'>Belmont.</p>
+
+
+<p>"<em>The Northerne Castle.</em>"&mdash;Pepys, in his <em>Diary</em>, 14th September, 1667,
+says, "To the King's playhouse, to see <em>The Northerne Castle</em>, which I
+think I never did see before." Is anything known of this play and its
+authorship? or was it <em>The Northern Lass</em>, by Richard Brome, first
+published in 1632? Perhaps Pepys has quoted the second title of some
+play.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>J. Y.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Prayer-Book in French.</em>&mdash;Can any of your readers give some satisfactory
+information respecting the earliest translations of the English
+Prayer-Book into French? By whom, when, for whom, were they first made?
+Does any copy still exist of one (which I have seen somewhere alluded
+to) published before Dean Durel's editions? By what authority have they
+been put forth? Is there any information to be found collected by any
+writer on this subject?</p>
+
+<p class='author'>O. W. J.</p>
+
+
+<p><em lang='la'>"Navita Erythr&aelig;um," &amp;c.</em>&mdash;Running the risk of being smiled at for my
+ignorance, I wish to have a reference to the following lines:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<div lang='la'>
+<p class='i0'>"Navita Erythr&aelig;um pavidus qui navigat &aelig;quor,</p>
+<p>In pror&aelig; et puppis summo resonantia pendet</p>
+<p>Tintinnabula; eo sonitu pr&aelig;grandia Cete,</p>
+<p>Balenas, et monstra marina a navibus arcet."</p>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class='author'>H. T. Ellacombe.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Edmund Burke.</em>&mdash;Can any of your correspondents tell me when and where
+he was married?</p>
+
+<p class='author'>B. E. B.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Plan of London.</em>&mdash;Is there any good plan of London, showing its present
+extent? The answer is, None. What is more, there never was a decent plan
+of this vast metropolis. There is published occasionally, on a small
+sheet of paper, a wretched and disgraceful pretence to one, bedaubed
+with paint. Can you explain the cause of this? Every other capital in
+Europe has handsome plans, easy to be obtained: nay more, almost every
+provincial town, whether in this country or on the Continent, possesses
+better engraved and more accurate plans than this great capital can
+pretend to. Try and use your influence to get this defect supplied.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>L. S. W.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Minchin.</em>&mdash;Could any of your Irish correspondents give me any
+information with regard to the sons of Col. Thomas Walcot (c. 1683), or
+the families of Minchin and Fitzgerald, co. Tipperary, he would much
+oblige</p>
+
+<p class='author'>M.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3><a id='Minor_Queries_with_Answers' name='Minor_Queries_with_Answers'>Minor Queries with Answers.</a></h3>
+
+
+<p><em>Leapor's "Unhappy Father."</em>&mdash;Can you tell me where the scene of this
+play, a tragedy by Mary Leapor, is laid, and the names of the <em lang= 'la'>dramatis
+person&aelig;</em>? It is to be found in the second volume of <em>Poems</em>, by Mary
+Leapor, 8vo. 1751. This authoress was the daughter of a gardener in
+Northamptonshire, and the only education she received consisted in being
+taught reading and writing. She was born in 1722, and died in 1746, at
+the early age of twenty-four. Her poetical<span class='pagenum'><a id="page383" name="page383">{383}</a></span> merit is commemorated in the
+Rev. John Duncombe's poem of the <em>Feminead</em>.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>A. Z.</p>
+
+<p class='note'>[The scene, a gentleman's country house. The <em lang= 'la'>dramatis person&aelig;</em>:
+Dycarbas, the unhappy father; Lycander and Polonius, sons of
+Dycarbas, in love with Terentia; Eustathius, nephew of Dycarbas,
+and husband of Emilia; Leonardo, cousin of Eustathius; Paulus,
+servant of Dycarbas; Plynus, servant to Eustathius; Timnus,
+servant to Polonius; Emilia, daughter of Dycarbas; Terentia, a
+young lady under the guardianship of Dycarbas; Claudia, servant
+to Terentia.]</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Meaning of "The Litten" or "Litton."</em>&mdash;This name is given to a small
+piece of land, now pasture, inclosed within the moat of the ancient
+manor of Marwell, formerly Merewelle, in Hants, once the property of the
+see of Winchester. It does not appear to have been ever covered by
+buildings. What is the meaning or derivation of the term? Does the name
+exist in any other place, as applied to a piece of land situated as the
+above-described piece? I have spelt it as pronounced by the bailiff of
+the farm.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>W. H. G.</p>
+
+<p class='location'>Winchester.</p>
+
+<p class='note'>[Junius and Ray derive it from the Anglo-Saxon lictun, <em lang= 'la'>c&#339;miterium</em>, a burying-place. Our correspondent,
+however, will find its etymology discussed in the <em>Gentleman's
+Magazine</em>, vol. lxxviii. pp. 216. 303. and 319.]</p>
+
+
+<p><em>St. James' Market House.</em>&mdash;In a biography of Richard Baxter, the
+Nonconformist divine, about 1671:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"Mr. Baxter came up to London, and was one of the Tuesday
+lecturers at Pinner's Hall, and a Friday lecturer at Fetter
+Lane; but on Sundays he for some time preached only
+occasionally, and afterwards more statedly in St. James's Market
+House."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Where was the Market House situate?</p>
+
+<p class='author'>P. T.</p>
+
+<p class='note'>[Cunningham, in his <em>Handbook of London</em>, under the head of St.
+James' Market, Jermyn Street, St. James', tells us that "here,
+in a room over the Market House, preached Richard Baxter, the
+celebrated Nonconformist. On the occasion of his first Sermon,
+the main beam of the building cracked beneath the weight of the
+congregation." We recollect the old market and Market House,
+which must have stood on the ground now occupied by Waterloo
+Place.]</p>
+
+<hr class='full' />
+
+
+<h2><a id='Replies' name='Replies'>Replies.</a></h2>
+
+
+<h3>GRUB STREET JOURNAL.</h3>
+
+<p class='center'>(Vol. vii., pp. 108. 268.)</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Reginensis</span> has been referred by F. R. A. to Drake's <em>Essays</em> for an
+account of this journal. Drake's account is, however, very incorrect.
+The <em>Grub Street Journal</em> did not terminate, as he states, on the 24th
+August, 1732, but was continued in the original folio size to the 29th
+Dec., 1737; the last No. being 418., instead of 138., as he incorrectly
+gives it. He appears to have supposed that the 12mo. abridgment in two
+volumes contained all the essays in the paper; whereas it did not
+comprise more than a third of them. He mentions as the principal writers
+Dr. Richard Russel and Dr. John Martyn. Budgell, however, in <em>The Bee</em>
+(February, 1733) says, "The person thought to be at the head of the
+paper is Mr. R&mdash;l (Russel), a nonjuring clergyman, Mr. P&mdash;e (Pope), and
+some other gentlemen." Whether Pope wrote in it or not, it seems to have
+been used as a vehicle by his friends for their attacks upon his foes,
+and the war against the Dunces is carried on with great wit and spirit
+in its pages. It is by far the most entertaining of the old newspapers,
+and throws no small light upon the literary history of the time. I have
+a complete series of the journal in folio, as well as of the
+continuation, in a large 4to. form, under the title of <em>The Literary
+Courier of Grub Street</em>, which commenced January 5, 1738, and appears to
+have terminated at the 30th No., on the 27th July, 1738. I never saw
+another complete copy. <em>The Grub Street Journal</em> would afford materials
+for many curious and amusing extracts. One very entertaining part of it
+is the "Domestic News," under which head it gives the various and often
+contradictory accounts of the daily newspapers, with a most humorous
+running commentary.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>James Crossley.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3><a id='Stone_Pillar_Worship' name='Stone_Pillar_Worship'>STONE PILLAR WORSHIP.</a></h3>
+
+<p class='center'>(Vol. v., p. 122.)</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Sir James Emerson Tennent</span>, in his learned and curious Note on stone
+worship in Ireland, desires information as to the present existence of
+worship of stone pillars in Orkney. When he says it continued till a
+late period, I suppose he must allude to the standing stone at Stenness,
+perforated by a hole, with the sanctity attached to promises confirmed
+by the junction of hands through the hole, called the promise of Odin.
+Dr. Daniel Wilson enters into this fully in <em>Pr&aelig;historic Annals of
+Scotland</em>, pp. 99, 100, 101. It has been told myself that if a lad and
+lass promised marriage with joined hands through the hole, the promise
+was held to be binding. Whence the sanctity attached to such a promise I
+could not ascertain to be known, and I did not hear of any other
+superstition connected with this stone, which was destroyed in 1814. In
+the remote island of North Ronaldshay is another standing stone,
+perforated by a hole, but there is no superstition of this nature
+attached to it. At the Yule time the inhabitants danced about it, and
+when there were yule dancings in neighbouring houses, they began the
+dancing at the stone, and danced from the stone all the road to what was
+called to<span class='pagenum'><a id="page384" name="page384">{384}</a></span> me the dancing-house. The sword dance, with a great deal of
+intricate crossing, and its peculiar simple tune, still exists in
+Orkney, but is not danced with swords, though I heard of clubs or sticks
+having been substituted. There are found in these islands the two
+circles of stones at Stenness, and single standing stones. One of these,
+at Swannay in Birsay, is said by tradition to have been raised to mark
+the spot where the procession rested when carrying the body of St.
+Magnus after his murder in Egilshay in 1110, from that island to
+Christ's Kirk in Birsay, where it was first interred. Here is a date and
+a purpose. The single standing stones, in accordance with <span class="smcap">Sir James's</span>
+opinion, and to use nearly his expressions, are said to mark the
+burial-places of distinguished men, to commemorate battles and great
+events, and to denote boundaries; and these, and still more the circles,
+are objects of respect as belonging to ages gone by, but principally
+with the educated classes, and there is no superstition remaining with
+any. Such a thing as the swathing stone of South Inchkea is not known to
+have existed. The stones in the two circles, and the single standing
+stones, are all plain; but there was found lately a stone of the
+sculptured symbolical class, inserted to form the base of a window in
+St. Peter's Kirk, South Ronaldshay, and another of the same class in the
+island of Bressay, in Zetland. The first is now in the Museum of
+Scottish Antiquaries in Edinburgh; and the Zetland stone, understood to
+be very curious, is either there or in Newcastle, and both are forming
+the subject of antiquarian inquiry.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>W. H. F.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3><a id='Autographs_in_Books' name='Autographs_in_Books'>AUTOGRAPHS IN BOOKS.</a></h3>
+
+<p class='center'>(<em>Continued from</em> Vol. vii., p. 255.)</p>
+
+<p>The following are probably trifling, but may be considered worth
+recording. Facing the title-page to <em>The Works of Mr. Alexander Pope</em>,
+London, W. Bowyer, for Bernard Lintot, &amp;c., 1717, 8vo., no date at end
+of preface, is in (no doubt) his own hand:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"To the Right Honorable the Lord Viscount Bolingbroke, from his
+ever-oblig'd, most faithfull, and affectionate servant, <span class="smcap">Alex.
+Pope</span>."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Cranmer's <em>Bible</em>, title gone, but at end, Maye 1541:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"This Bible was given to me by my ffather Coke when I went to
+keepe Christmas with him at Holckam, anno Domini 1658. <span class="smcap">Will.
+Cobbe</span>."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Sir William Cobbe of Beverley, York, knight, married Winifred, sixth
+daughter of John (fourth son of the chief justice), who was born 9th
+May, 1589.</p>
+
+<p>This copy has, before Joshua and Psalms, a page of engravings, being the
+"seconde" and "thyrde parte;" also before the New Testament, the
+well-known one of Henry VIII. giving the Bible, but the space for
+Cromwell's arms is left blank or white. Cromwell was executed July 1540;
+but do his arms appear in the 1540 impressions?</p>
+
+<p>Cranmer's quarterings are, 1 and 4, Cranmer; 2, six lions r.; 3, fusils
+of Aslacton. In the <em>Gent. Mag.</em>, vol. lxii. pp. 976. 991., is an
+engraving of a stone of Cranmer's father, with the fusils on his right,
+and Cranmer on his left. The note at p. 991. calls the birds cranes, but
+states that Glover's Yorkshire and other pedigrees have pelicans; and
+Southey (<em>Book of the Church</em>, ii. p. 97.) states that Henry VIII.
+altered the cranes to pelicans, telling him that he, like them, should
+be ready to shed his blood. The engraving, however, clearly represents
+drops of blood falling, and those in the Bible appear to be pelicans
+also.</p>
+
+<p>This Bible has the days of the month in MS. against the proper psalms,
+and where a leaf has been repaired, "<small>A.D.</small> 1608, per me Davidem Winsdon
+curate."</p>
+
+<p class='author'>A. C.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3><a id='Grindle' name='Grindle'>GRINDLE.</a></h3>
+
+<p class='center'>(Vol. vii., pp. 107. 307.)</p>
+
+<p>I think I can supply I. E. with another example of the application of
+this name to a place. A few miles east or south-east of Exeter, on the
+borders of a waste tract of down extending from Woodbury towards the
+sea, there is a village which is spelt on the ordnance map, and is
+commonly called, <em>Greendale</em>. In strictness there are, I believe, two
+Greendales, an upper and a lower Greendale. A small stream, tributary to
+the Clyst river, flows past them.</p>
+
+<p>Now this place formerly belonged to the family of Aumerle, or Alba
+Marla, as part of the manor of Woodbury. From that family it passed to
+William Briwere, the founder of Tor Abbey, and was by him made part of
+the endowment of that monastery in the reign of Richard I. In the two
+cartularies of that house, of which abstracts will be found in Oliver's
+<em>Monasticon</em>, there are many instruments relating to this place, which
+is there called Grendel, Grindel, and Gryndell. In none of them does the
+name of Greendale occur, which appears to be a very recent form. Even
+Lysons, in his <em>Devonshire</em>, does not seem to be aware of this mode of
+spelling it, but always adopts one of the old ways of writing the word.</p>
+
+<p>I have not seen the spot very lately, but, according to the best of my
+recollection, it has not now any feature in keeping with the
+mythological character of the fiend of the moor and fen. The
+neighbouring district of down and common land would not be an
+inappropriate habitat for such a personage. It has few trees of any
+pretension to<span class='pagenum'><a id="page385" name="page385">{385}</a></span> age, and is still covered in great part with a dark and
+scanty vegetation, which is sufficiently dreary except at those seasons
+when the brilliant colours of the blooming heath and dwarf furze give it
+an aspect of remarkable beauty.</p>
+
+<p>Whether the present name of Greendale be a mere corruption of the
+earliest name, or be not, in fact, a restoration of it to its original
+meaning, is a matter which I am not prepared to discuss. As a general
+rule, a sound etymologist will not hastily desert an obvious and trite
+explanation to go in search of a more recondite import. He will not have
+recourse to the devil for the solution of a <em>nodus</em>, till he has
+exhausted more legitimate sources of assistance.</p>
+
+<p>The "N. &amp; Q." have readers nearer to the spot in question than I am, who
+may, perhaps, be able to throw some light on the subject, and inform us
+whether Greendale still possesses the trace of any of those natural
+features which would justify the demoniacal derivation proposed by I. E.
+It must not, however, be forgotten that three centuries and a half of
+laborious culture bestowed upon the property by the monks of Tor, must
+have gone far to exorcise and reclaim it.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>E. S.</p>
+
+
+<p>Some years ago I asked the meaning of <em>Grindle</em> or <em>Grundle</em>, as applied
+to a deep, narrow watercourse at Wattisfield in Suffolk. The Grundle
+lies between the high road and the "Croft," adjoining a mansion which
+once belonged to the Abbots of Bury. The clear and rapid water was
+almost hidden by brambles and underwood; and the roots of a row of fine
+trees standing in the Croft were washed bare by its winter fury. The
+bank on that side was high and broken; the bed of the Grundle I observed
+to lie above the surface of the road, on the opposite side of which the
+ground rises rapidly to the table land of clay. My fancy instantly
+suggested a river flowing through this hollow, and the idea was
+strengthened by the appearance of the landscape. The village stands on
+irregular ground, descending by steep slopes into narrow valleys and
+contracted meadows. I can well imagine that water was an enemy or
+"fiend" to the first settlers, and I was told that in winter the Grundle
+is still a roaring brook.</p>
+
+<p>I find I have a Note that "in Charters, places bearing the name Grendel
+are always connected with water."</p>
+
+<p class='author'>F. C. B.</p>
+
+<p class='location'>Diss.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3><a id='Roger_Outlawe' name='Roger_Outlawe'>ROGER OUTLAWE.</a></h3>
+
+<p class='center'>(Vol. vii., p. 332.)</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Ellacombe</span> will find some account of this personage, who was Prior of
+Kilmainham, and for several years served the office of Lord Justice of
+Ireland, in Holinshed's <em>Chronicles of Ireland</em>, sub anno 1325, <em>et
+seq.</em>: also in "The Annals of Ireland," in the second volume of Gibson's
+<em>Camden</em>, 3rd edition, sub eod. anno. He was nearly related to the lady
+Alice Kettle, and her son William Utlawe, al. Outlaw; against whom that
+singular charge of sorcery was brought by Richard Lederede, Bishop of
+Ossory. The account of this charge is so curious that, for the benefit
+of those readers of "N. &amp; Q." who may not have the means of referring to
+the books above cited, I am tempted to extract it from Holinshed:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"In these daies lived, in the Diocese of Ossorie, the Ladie
+Alice Kettle, whome the Bishop ascited to purge hir selfe of the
+fame of inchantment and witchcraft imposed unto hir, and to one
+Petronill and Basill, hir complices. She was charged to have
+nightlie conference with a spirit called Robin Artisson, to
+whome she sacrificed in the high waie nine red cocks, and nine
+peacocks' eies. Also, that she swept the streets of Kilkennie
+betweene compleine and twilight, raking all the filth towards
+the doores of hir sonne William Outlaw, murmuring and muttering
+secretlie with hir selfe these words:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<p class='i0'>"'To the house of William my sonne</p>
+<p>Hie all the wealth of Kilkennie towne.'</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>"At the first conviction, they abjured and did penance; but
+shortlie after, they were found in relapse, and then was
+Petronill burnt at Kilkennie: the other twaine might not be
+heard of. She, at the hour of hir death, accused the said
+William as privie to their sorceries, whome the bishop held in
+durance nine weeks; forbidding his keepers to eat or to drinke
+with him, or to speake to him more than once in the daie. But at
+length, thorough the sute and instance of Arnold le Powre, then
+seneschall of Kilkennie, he was delivered, and after corrupted
+with bribes the seneschall to persecute the bishop: so that he
+thrust him into prison for three moneths. In rifling the closet
+of the ladie, they found a wafer of sacramentall bread, having
+the divel's name stamped thereon insteed of Jesus Christ's; and
+a pipe of ointment, wherewith she greased a staffe, upon which
+she ambled and gallopped thorough thicke and thin when and in
+what maner she listed. This businesse about these witches
+troubled all the state of Ireland the more; for that the ladie
+was supported by certeine of the nobilitie, and lastlie conveied
+over into England; since which time it could never be understood
+what became of hir."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Roger Outlawe, the Prior of Kilmainham, was made Lord Justice for the
+first time in 1327. The Bishop of Ossory was then seeking his revenge on
+Arnold le Powre, for he had given information against him as being&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"Convented and convicted in his consistorie of certeine
+hereticall opinions; but because the beginning of Powres
+accusation concerned the justice's kinsman, and the bishop was
+mistrusted to prosecute his owne wrong, and the person of the
+man, rather than the fault, a daie was limited for the
+justifieing of the bill, the partie being apprehended and
+respited thereunto. This dealing the bishop (who durst not
+stirre out of<span class='pagenum'><a id="page386" name="page386">{386}</a></span> Kilkennie to prosecute his accusation) was
+reputed parciall: and when by meanes hereof the matter hanged in
+suspense, he infamed the said prior as an abettor and favourer
+of Arnold's heresie. The Prior submitted himselfe to the trial."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Proclamation was made, "That it should be lawful for anie man ... to
+accuse, &amp;c. the Lord Justice; but none came." In the end, six
+inquisitors were appointed to examine the bishops and other persons, and
+they&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"All with universal consent deposed for the Prior, affirming
+that (to their judgements) he was a zelous and a faithfull child
+of the Catholike Church. In the meane time, Arnold le Powre, the
+prisoner, deceased in the castell; and because he stood
+unpurged, long he laie unburied."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>In 1332, William Outlawe is said to have been Prior of Kilmainham, and
+lieutenant of John Lord Darcie, Lord Justice.</p>
+
+<p>This Bishop of Ossorie, Richard Lederede, was a minorite of London: he
+had a troubled episcopate, and was long in banishment in England. I have
+met with his name in the Register of Adam de Orlton, Bishop of
+Winchester, where he is recorded as assisting that prelate in some of
+his duties, <small>A.D.</small> 1336. He died however peaceably in his see, and was a
+benefactor to his cathedral. (See Ware's <em>History of Ireland</em>.)</p>
+
+<p class='author'>W. H. G.</p>
+
+<p class='location'>Winchester.</p>
+
+<p class='note'>[It may be added, that much information respecting both Roger
+Outlawe and the trial of Alice Kyteler would be found in the
+interesting volume published by the Camden society in 1842,
+under the editorship of Mr. Wright, entitled <em>Proceedings
+against Dame Alice Kyteler, prosecuted for Sorcery in 1324</em>.]</p>
+
+<p>Your correspondent <span class="smcap">H. T. Ellacombe</span> asks who this Roger Outlawe was, and
+expresses his surprise that a prior of a religious house should "sit as
+<em lang='la'>locum tenens</em> of a judge in a law court."</p>
+
+<p>But the words <span lang= 'la'>"tenens locum Johannis Darcy le cosyn justiciarii
+Hiberni&aelig;"</span> do not imply that Outlawe sat as <em lang='la'>locum tenens</em> of a judge in
+a law court. For this Sir John Darcy was Lord Justice, or Lord
+Lieutenant (as we would now say), of Ireland, and Roger Outlawe was his
+<em lang='la'>locum tenens</em>.</p>
+
+<p>Nothing, however, was more common at that period than for ecclesiastics
+to be judges in law courts; and it happens that this very Roger was Lord
+Chancellor of Ireland in 1321 to 1325, and again, 1326&mdash;1330: again,
+1333: again (a fourth time), 1335: and a fifth time in 1339: for even
+then, as now, we were cursed in Ireland by perpetual changes of
+administration and of law officers, so that we have scarcely had any
+uniform practice, and our respect for law has been proportionally small.</p>
+
+<p>Sir John Darcy was Lord Justice, or Lord Lieutenant, in 1322, in 1324,
+in 1328 (in which year Roger Outlawe was his <em lang='la'>locum tenens</em> during his
+absence), in 1322, and on to 1340.</p>
+
+<p>Roger Outlawe was Lord Justice, either in his own right or as <em lang='la'>locum
+tenens</em> for others, in 1328, 1330, and 1340, in which last year he died
+in office. His death is thus recorded in Clyn's <em>Annals</em> (edited by Dean
+Butler for the Irish Arch&aelig;ological Society), p. 29.:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p lang='la'>"Item die Martis, in crastino beat&aelig; Agath&aelig; virginis, obiit
+frater Rogerus Outlawe, prior hospitalis in Hibernia, apud Any,
+tunc locum justiciarii tenens: et etiam Cancellarius Domini
+Regis, trium simul functus officio. Vir prudens et graciosus,
+qui multas possessiones, ecclesias, et redditus ordini suo
+adquisivit sua industria, et regis Angli&aelig; gratia speciali et
+licentia."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>To this day, in the absence of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, <em>Lords
+Justices</em> are appointed.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>J. H. Todd.</p>
+
+<p class='location'>Trin. Coll., Dublin.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3><a id='Prospectus' name='Prospectus'>PROSPECTUS TO CIBBER'S "LIVES OF THE POETS."</a></h3>
+
+<p class='center'>(Vol. v., pp. 25. 65.; Vol. vii., p. 341.)</p>
+
+<p>I am obliged to <span class="smcap">Dr. Rimbault</span> for noticing, what had escaped me, that
+this Prospectus has been reprinted in the <em>Censura Literaria</em>, vol. vi.
+p. 352. With respect to my ground for attributing it to Johnson, it
+will, I think, be obvious enough to any one who reads my remarks, that
+it was on the internal evidence alone, on which, as every one is aware,
+many additions have been made to his acknowledged compositions. Your
+correspondent C., with whom I always regret to differ, is so far at
+variance with me as to state it as his opinion that "nothing can be less
+like Johnson's peculiar style," and refers me to a note, with which I
+was perfectly familiar, to show&mdash;but which I must say I cannot see that
+it does in the slightest degree&mdash;"that it is impossible that Johnson
+could have written this Prospectus." Another correspondent, whose
+communication I am unable immediately to refer to, likewise recorded his
+dissent from my conclusion. Next follows <span class="smcap">Dr. Rimbault</span>, whom I understand
+to differ from me also, and who says (but where is the authority for the
+statement?) "Haslewood believed it to have been the production of
+Messrs. Cibber and Shields." I have every respect for Haslewood as a
+diligent antiquary, but I confess I do not attach much weight to his
+opinion on a question of critical taste or nice discrimination of style.
+I had, as I have observed, assigned the Prospectus to Dr. Johnson on the
+internal evidence alone; but since it appeared in "N. &amp; Q." I have
+become aware of an important corroboration of my opinion in a copy of
+Cibber's <em>Lives</em> which formerly belonged to Isaac Reed, and which I have
+recently purchased. At the beginning of the first volume he has pasted
+in the Prospectus, and under it is the following note in his<span class='pagenum'><a id="page387" name="page387">{387}</a></span>
+handwriting: "The above advertisement was written or revised by Dr.
+Johnson.&mdash;J. R." Reed's general correctness and capacity of judging in
+literary matters are too well known to render it necessary for me to
+enlarge upon them; and with this support I am quite content to leave the
+point in issue between your correspondents and myself to the decision of
+that part of your readers who take an interest in similar literary
+questions.</p>
+
+<p>It will be observed that I have confined myself in my remarks to the
+Prospectus exclusively. The authorship of the <em>Lives</em> themselves is
+another question, and a very curious one, and not, by any means, as your
+correspondent C. appears to think, "settled." Perhaps I may, on a future
+occasion, trouble you with some remarks upon the <em>Lives</em> in detail,
+endeavouring to assign the respective portions to the several
+contributors.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>James Crossley.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3><a id='Pic-nic' name='Pic-nic'>PIC-NIC.</a></h3>
+
+<p class='center'>(Vol. vii., p. 23.)</p>
+
+<p>As I consider that the true origin of <em>pic-nic</em> remains yet to be
+discovered, permit me to try and trace the word through France into
+Italy, and to endeavour to show that the land with the "fatal gift of
+beauty" was its birthplace; and that when the Medici married into
+France, the august ladies probably imported, together with fans, gloves,
+and poisons, a pastime which, under the name of <em lang='fr'>pique-nique</em>, became,
+as Leroux says in his <em lang='fr'>Dictionnaire Comique</em>,
+<span lang='fr'>"un divertissement fort &agrave;
+la mode &agrave; Paris."</span></p>
+
+<p>I will not occupy space by quoting the article "at length" from Leroux,
+but the substance is this:&mdash;Persons of quality, of both sexes, who
+wished to enjoy themselves, and feast together, either in the open air
+or in the house of one of the number, imposed upon each one the task of
+bringing some particular article, or doing some particular duty in
+connexion with the feast. And to show how stringent was the expression
+<em lang='fr'>pique-nique</em> in imposing a specific task, Leroux quotes <span lang='fr'>"consid&eacute;rant
+que chacun avait besoin de ses pi&egrave;ces, pronon&ccedil;a un <em>arr&ecirc;t</em> de
+pique-nique."</span> (<em lang='fr'>Rec. de Pi&egrave;c. Com.</em>)</p>
+
+<p>Thus, I think Leroux and also Cotgrave show that the word <em lang='fr'>pique-nique</em>
+involves the idea of a task, or particular office, undertaken by each
+individual for the general benefit.</p>
+
+<p>Let us now go to Italian, and look at the word <em lang='it'>nicchia</em>. Both from
+Alberti and from Baretti we find it to bear the meaning of "a charge, a
+duty, or an employment;" and if before this word we place the adjective
+<em lang='it'>piccola</em>, we have <em lang='it'>piccola nicchia</em>, "a small task, or trifling service
+to be performed." Now I think no one can fail to see the identity of the
+<em>meanings</em> of the expressions <em lang='it'>piccola nicchia</em> and <em lang='fr'>pique-nique</em>; but
+it remains to show how the words themselves may be identical. Those who
+have been in the habit of reading much of the older Italian authors
+(subsequent to Boccacio) will bear me out in my statement of the
+frequency of contraction of words in familiar use: the plays,
+particularly, show it, from the dialogues in Machiavelli or Goldoni to
+the libretto of a modern opera; so much as to render it very probable
+that <em lang='it'>piccola nicchia</em> might stand as <em>picc' nicc'</em>, just as we
+ourselves have been in the habit of degrading <em>scandalum magnatum</em> into
+<em>scan. mag.</em> It only remains now to carry this <em>picc' nicc'</em> into
+France, and, according to what is usual in Gallicising Italian words, to
+change the <em>c</em> or <em>ch</em> into <em>que</em>, to have what I started with, viz. the
+<em lang='fr'>divertissement</em> concerning which Leroux enlarges, and in which, I am
+afraid, it may be said I have followed his example.</p>
+
+<p>However, I consider the <em>Decameron</em> of Boccacio as a probable period
+where the temporary queen of the day would impose the <em lang='fr'>arr&ecirc;t</em> of
+<em lang='fr'>pique-nique</em> upon her subjects; and when I look over the engravings of
+the manners and customs of the Italians of the Middle Ages, all
+indicating the frequency of the <em lang='it'>al fresco</em> banquets, and find that
+subsequently Watteau and Lancret revel in similar amusements in France,
+where the personages of the <em lang='fr'>f&ecirc;te</em> manifestly wear Italian-fashioned
+garments; and when we are taught that such parties of pleasure were
+called <em lang='fr'>pique-niques</em>, I think it is fair to infer that the expression
+is a Gallicised one from an Italian phrase of the same signification.</p>
+
+<p>I do not know if it will be conceded that I have proved my case
+<em>positively</em>, but I might go so far <em>negatively</em> as to show that in no
+other European language can I find any word or words which, having a
+similar sound, will bear an analysis of adaptation; and though there is
+every probability that the custom of <em>pic-nic</em>ing obtained in preference
+in the sunny south, there are few, I think, that would rush for an
+explanation into the Eastern languages, on the plea that the Crusaders,
+being in the habit of <em lang='it'>al fresco</em> banquetting, might have brought home
+the expression <em>pic-nic</em>.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>John Anthony, M.D.</p>
+
+<p class='location'>Washwood, Birmingham.</p>
+
+<p>This word would seem to be derived from the French. Wailly, in his
+<em lang='fr'>Nouveau Vocabulaire</em>, describes it as
+<span lang='fr'>"repas o&ugrave; chacun paye son &eacute;cot,"</span>
+a feast towards which each guest contributes a portion of the expense.
+Its etymology is thus explained by Girault-Duvivier, in his <em lang='fr'>Grammaire
+des Grammaires</em>:</p>
+
+<blockquote lang='fr'><p>"<em>Pique-nique</em>, plur. des <em>pique-nique</em>: des repas o&ugrave; ceux qui
+<em>piquent</em>, qui <em>mangent</em>, font signe de la t&ecirc;te qu'ils paieront.</p>
+
+<p>"Les Allemands, dit M. Lemare, ont aussi leur <em>picknick</em>, qui a
+le m&ecirc;me sens que le n&ocirc;tre. <em>Picken</em> signifie <em>piquer</em>,
+<em>becqueter</em>, et <em>nicken</em> signifie <em>faire signe de la t&ecirc;te</em>.<span class='pagenum'><a id="page388" name="page388">{388}</a></span>
+<em>Pique-nique</em> est donc, comme <em>passe-passe</em>, un compos&eacute; de deux
+verbes; Il est dans l'analogie de cette phrase, 'Qui touche,
+mouille.'"</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class='author'>Henry H. Breen.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3><a id='Peter_Sterry_and_Jeremiah_White' name='Peter_Sterry_and_Jeremiah_White'>PETER STERRY AND JEREMIAH WHITE.</a></h3>
+
+<p class='center'>(Vol. iii., p. 38.)</p>
+
+<p>Your correspondent's inquiry with respect to the missing MSS. of Peter
+Sterry, which were intended to form a second volume of his posthumous
+works, published without printer's name in 1710, 4to., and of which MSS.
+a list is given in vol. i., does not seem to have led to any result. As
+I feel equal interest with himself in every production of Sterry, I am
+tempted again to repeat the Query, in the hope of some discovery being
+made of these valuable remains. I have no doubt the editor of the
+"Appearance of God to Man," and the other discourses printed in the
+first volume, was R. Roach, who edited Jeremiah White's <em>Persuasion to
+Moderation</em>, Lond., 1708, 8vo.; and afterwards published <em>The Great
+Crisis</em>, and <em>The Imperial Standard of Messiah Triumphant</em>, 1727, 8vo.;
+and probably Sterry's MSS. may be found if Roach's papers can be traced.
+It is curious that a similar loss of MSS. seems to have occurred with
+regard to several of the works of Jeremiah White, who, like Sterry, was
+a chaplain of Cromwell (how well that great man knew how to select
+them!), and, like Sterry, was of that admirable Cambridge theological
+school which Whichcot, John Smith, and Cudworth have made so renowned.
+Neither of these distinguished men have yet, that I am aware of, found
+their way into any biographical dictionary. White is slightly noticed by
+Calamy (vol. ii. p. 57.; vol. iv. p. 85.). Sterry, it appears, died on
+Nov. 19, 1672. White survived him many years, and died in the
+seventy-eighth year of his age, 1707. Of the latter, there is an
+engraved portrait; of the former, none that I know of; nor am I aware of
+the burial-place of either. The works which I have met with of Sterry
+are his seven sermons preached before Parliament, &amp;c., and published in
+different years; his <em>Rise, Race, and Royalty of the Kingdom of God in
+the Soul of Man</em>, 1683, 4to.; his <em>Discourse of the Freedom of the Will</em>
+(a title which does not by any means convey the character of the book),
+Lond., 1675, fol.; and the 4to. before mentioned, being vol. i. of his
+<em>Remains</em>, published in 1710. Of White I only knew a Funeral Sermon on
+Mr. Francis Fuller; his <em>Persuasion to Moderation</em>, above noticed, which
+is an enlargement of part of his preface to Sterry's <em>Rise, &amp;c.</em>; and
+his <em>Treatise on the Restoration of all Things</em>, 1712, 8vo., which has
+recently been republished by Dr. Thom. To his <em>Persuasion</em> is appended
+an advertisement:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"There being a design of publishing the rest of Mr. White's
+works, any that have either Letters or other Manuscripts of his
+by them are desired to communicate them to Mr. John Tarrey,
+distiller, at the Golden Fleece, near Shadwick Dock."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>This design, with the exception of the publication of <em>The Restoration</em>,
+seems to have proved abortive. White entertained many opinions in common
+with Sterry, which he advocates with great power. He does not however,
+like his fellow chaplain, soar into the pure empyrean of theology with
+unfailing pinions. Sterry has frequently sentences which Milton might
+not have been ashamed to own. His <em>Discourse of the Freedom of the Will</em>
+is a noble performance, and the preface will well bear a comparison with
+Cudworth's famous sermon on the same subject.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>Jas. Crossley.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3><a id='Photographic_Notes_and_Queries' name='Photographic_Notes_and_Queries'>PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES.</a></h3>
+
+
+<p><em>Colouring Collodion Portraits.</em>&mdash;I shall be obliged if any brother
+photographer will kindly inform me, through the medium of "N. &amp; Q.," the
+best method of colouring collodion portraits and views in a style
+similar to the hyalotypes shown at the Great Exhibition.</p>
+
+<p>We country photographers are much indebted to <span class="smcap">Dr. Diamond</span> for the
+valuable information we have obtained through his excellent papers in
+"N. &amp; Q.," and perceiving he is shortly about to give us the benefit of
+his experience in a compact form, under the modest title of
+<em>Photographic Notes</em>, I suggest that, if one of his Notes should contain
+the best method of colouring collodion proofs, so as to render them
+applicable for dissolving views, &amp;c., he will be conferring a benefit on
+many of your subscribers; and, as one of your oldest, allow me to
+subscribe myself</p>
+
+<p class='author'>Photo.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>On some Points in the Collodion Process.</em>&mdash;In your impression of this
+day's date (Vol. vii., p. 363.), the Rev. <span class="smcap">J. L. Sisson</span> desires the
+opinion of other photographers relative to lifting the plate with the
+film of collodion up and down several times in the bath of nit. silv.
+solution; and as my experience on this point is diametrically opposed to
+his own, I venture to state it with the view of eliciting a discussion.</p>
+
+<p>The <em>evenness</em> of the film is not at all dependent upon this practice;
+but its sensibility to light appears to be considerably increased.</p>
+
+<p>The plate, after being plunged in, should be allowed to repose quietly
+from twenty to thirty minutes, <em>and then rapidly</em> slid in and out
+several times, until the liquid flows off in one continuous and even
+<em>sheet</em> of liquid; and this also has a beneficial effect in washing off
+any little particles of collodion, dust, oxide, or any foreign matter
+which, if adherent, would form centres of chemical action, and cause
+spottiness in the negative.<span class='pagenum'><a id="page389" name="page389">{389}</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I find that the plate is more sensitive also, if not exposed before all
+the exciting fluid that can be <em>drained off</em> is got rid of; that is,
+while still quite moist, but without any <em>flowing</em> liquid.</p>
+
+<p>As to redipping the plate before development, it is, I believe, <em>in
+general</em> useless; but when the plate has got <em>very</em> dry it may be dipped
+again, but should be then <em>well drained</em> before the developing solution
+is applied.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Mr. F. Maxwell Lyte</span> (p. 364.) quotes the price of the purest iodide of
+potassium at 1<em>s.</em> 3<em>d.</em> per oz. I should be glad to know where it can
+be obtained, as I find the price constantly varies, and upon the last
+occasion I paid 4<em>s.</em> per oz., and I think never less than 1<em>s.</em> 8<em>d.</em></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Mr. L. Merritt</span> will probably succeed in applying the cement for a glass
+bath thus:&mdash;Place the pieces of glass upon wood of any kind in an oven
+with the door open until he can only just handle them; then, with a roll
+of the cement, melting the end in the flame of a spirit-lamp, apply it
+as if for sealing a letter. This should be done as quickly as possible.
+The glasses may then be passed over the flame of the lamp (in contact
+with it), so as to raise the temperature, until the cement is quite soft
+and nearly boiling (this can be done without heating the parts near the
+fingers); and while hot the two separate pieces should be applied by
+putting one down on a piece of wood covered with flannel, and pressing
+the other with any wooden instrument: metal in contact would cause an
+instantaneous fracture.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Merritt</span>'s difficulty with the developing solutions depends most
+probably in the case of the pyrogallic acid mixture not having enough
+acetic acid. The protonitrate of iron, if made according to <span class="smcap">Dr.
+Diamond</span>'s formula, does <em>not</em> require any acetic acid, and flows quite
+readily; but the protosulphate solution requires a bath, and the same
+solution may be used over and over again.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>Geo. Shadbolt.</p>
+
+<p class='location'>London, April 9, 1853.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Economical Iodizing Process.</em>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Mr. Maxwell Lyte</span> is probably as good a
+judge as myself, as to where any weak point or difficulty is found in
+iodizing paper with the carbonate of potass: if any chemical is likely
+to be the cause of unusual activity, it is the carbonic acid, and not
+the cyanide of potash. I still continue to use that formula, and have
+not iodized paper with any other: though I have made some variations
+which may perhaps be of use. I found that the nitrate of potash is
+almost the same in its effects as the carbonate. I would as soon use the
+one as the other; but the state I conceive to be the most effective, is
+the diluted liquor potass&aelig;: that would be with iodine about the same
+state as the iodide of potash, but hitherto I have not tried it, though
+mean to do so.</p>
+
+<p>I am not quite certain as to whether, theoretically, this position is
+right; but I find in iodide of potash, and in the above formula, that
+the iodine is absorbed in greater quantities by the silver, than the
+alkaline potash by the nitric acid. Thus, by using a solution for some
+time, it will at last contain but very little iodine at all, and not
+enough for the purpose of the photographer; hence it requires renewing.
+And I have lately observed that paper is much more effective, in every
+way, if it is floated on free iodine twice before it is used in the
+camera, viz. once when it is made, and again when it is dry: the last
+time containing a little bromine water and glacial acetic acid. It
+appears to me that the paper will absorb its proper dose of iodine
+better when dry, and the glacial acetic acid will set free any small
+amount of alkaline potash there may be on the surface; so that it will
+not embrown on applying gallic acid. By using the ammonio-nitrate of
+silver in iodizing, and proceeding as above, I find it all I can wish as
+far as regards the power of my camera. With this paper I can use an
+aperture of half an inch diameter, and take anything in the shade and
+open air in five or six minutes, in the sun in less time. The yellow
+colour also comes off better in the hypo. sulph.</p>
+
+<p>I think <span class="smcap">Mr. Maxwell Lyte</span> has made a mistake as to the price he quotes:
+about here I cannot get any iodide of potash under 2<em>s.</em> per ounce, and
+the five grains to the ounce added to the common dose of nitrate of
+silver is hardly worth speaking of; it would amount, in fact, to about
+fifteen grains in a quire of Whatman's paper,&mdash;no great hardship,
+because many use much higher doses of silver for iodizing; forty grains
+to the ounce is not uncommonly used, but I believe twenty-five grains
+quite enough.</p>
+
+<p>I presume, in <span class="smcap">Sir Wm. Newton</span>'s mode of treating positives, the acid of
+the alum decomposes the alkali of the hypo. sulph. And it would be, I
+suppose, better for the picture, if its state were entirely neutral when
+put away or framed; but if alum is added, acid must remain, since <span class="smcap">Sir
+Wm.</span> says it combines with the size. What I should imagine is, that the
+idea is good; but experience can only decide if the picture is better
+put away in an acid condition. I should think there are more available
+acids for the purpose, for alum has an injurious effect upon colour; and
+a positive is nothing but colour, the organic matter of the paper
+stained as it were by the silver: for, after all its washings and
+application of re-agents, no silver can possibly remain in the paper.
+The safest state therefore of putting away ought to be ascertained and
+decided upon; as it is no use doing them if they fade, or even lose
+their tones.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>Weld Taylor.</p>
+
+<p>N.B.&mdash;The iodized ammonio-nitrate paper will not bear exposure to the
+sun; it will keep any<span class='pagenum'><a id="page390" name="page390">{390}</a></span> length of time, but should be kept in a paper,
+and away from any considerable degree of light.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3><a id='Replies_to_Minor_Queries' name='Replies_to_Minor_Queries'>Replies to Minor Queries.</a></h3>
+
+
+<p><em>Bishop Juxon's Account of Vendible Books in England</em> (Vol. vi., pp.
+515. 592.).&mdash;The following note in Wilson's <em>History of the Merchant
+Taylors' School</em>, p. 783., solves the Query respecting the authorship of
+this bibliographical work.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"<em>The Catalogue of Books in England alphabetically digested</em>,
+printed at London, 1658, 4to., is ascribed to Bishop Juxon in
+Osborne's <em>Catalogue</em> for 1755, p. 40. But, as Mr. Watts, the
+judicious librarian of Sion College, has observed to me, this is
+no authority, the Epistle Dedicatory bearing internal evidence
+against it. The author's name was <em>William London</em>, whence arose
+the mistake!"</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class='author'>J. Yeowell.</p>
+
+<p class='location'>Hoxton.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Dutensiana</em> (Vol. vi., p. 376.; Vol. vii., p. 26.).&mdash;The following
+statement, extracted from Qu&eacute;rard's <em lang='fr'>France Litt&eacute;raire</em>, <span lang='la'>sub voce</span>
+Dutens, will account for the discrepancies mentioned by your
+correspondents with reference to the works of Louis Dutens.</p>
+
+<p>Dutens published three volumes of <em>Memoirs</em>, which he afterwards
+committed to the flames, out of consideration for certain living
+characters. He then published, in three volumes, his <em lang='fr'>M&eacute;moires d'un
+Voyageur qui se repose</em>, the two first containing the author's life, and
+the third being the <em>Dutensiana</em>.</p>
+
+<p>Your correspondent W. (Vol. vi., p. 376.) says that Dutens published at
+Geneva, in six volumes 4to., with prefaces, the entire works of
+Leibnitz. This statement is thus qualified by the <em lang='fr'>Biographie
+Universelle</em>:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p lang='fr'>"L. Dutens est l'Editeur de <em>Leibnitii opera omnia</em>, mais c'est
+&agrave; tort que quelques bibliographes lui attribuent les
+<em>Institutions Leibnitiennes</em>. Cet ouvrage est de l'Abb&eacute;
+Sigorgne."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>The same correspondent inquires whether Dutens was not also the author
+of <em lang='fr'>Correspondence intecept&eacute;e</em>: and <span class="smcap">Sir W. C. Trevelyan</span> (Vol. vii., p.
+26.) says he had seen a presentation copy of it, although it is not
+included in the list of Dutens' <em>Works</em> given by Lowndes.</p>
+
+<p>This is explained by the fact that the work, originally published under
+the title of <em lang='fr'>Correspondence intercept&eacute;e</em>, was afterwards embodied in
+the <em lang='fr'>M&eacute;moires d'un Voyageur</em>. Lowndes seems to have had no knowledge of
+it as a separate publication.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>Henry H. Breen.</p>
+
+<p class='location'>St. Lucia.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Vicars-Apostolic</em> (Vol. vii., pp. 309, 310.).&mdash;Allow me to correct an
+error or two in my list of the vicars-apostolic, which appeared in your
+178th Number, p 309. The three archpriests were <em>appointed</em> to their
+office, not <em>consecrated</em>.</p>
+
+<p>P. 309.&mdash;<em>Northern District.</em> Bishop Witham was consecrated 1703, not
+1716. He was <em>translated</em> from the Midland to the Northern District in
+1716.</p>
+
+<p>P. 310.&mdash;In the list of the present Roman Catholic prelates in England
+and Wales, the bishops&mdash;from Archbishop Wiseman to Bishop Hendren
+inclusive&mdash;were <em>translated</em> in 1850, not <em>consecrated</em>.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>J. R. W.</p>
+
+<p class='location'>Bristol.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Tombstone in Churchyard</em> (Vol. vii., p. 331.).&mdash;In Ecclesfield
+churchyard is the following inscription, cut in bold capitals, and as
+legible as when the slab was first laid down:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"Here lieth the bodie of Richard Lord, late Vicar of
+Ecclesfield, 1600."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>If, however, A. C.'s Query be not limited to slabs in the open air, he
+will probably be interested by the following, copied by me from the
+floors of the respective churches, which are all in this neighbourhood.
+The first is from the unused church of St. John at Laughton-le-Morthing,
+near Roche Abbey, and is, according to Mr. Hunter, one of the earliest
+specimens of a monumental inscription in the vernacular:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"Here lyeth Robt. Dinningto' and Alis his wyfe. Robert dyed &#299;
+y<sup>e</sup> fest of San James M<sup>mo</sup> ccc iiij<sup>xx</sup> xiij<sup>mo</sup>. Alis dyed o'
+Tisday &#299; Pas. Woke, a<sup>o</sup> Dn&#773;i M<sup>o</sup> ccc<sup>mo</sup> xxx<sup>o</sup> whose saules
+God assoyl for is m'cy. Ame'."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>The next three are partly pewed over; but the uncovered parts are
+perfectly legible. The first two are from Tankersley, the third from
+Wentworth:</p>
+
+<blockquote lang='la'><p>"Hic jacet dn&#773;s Thomas Toykyl ... die mensis Aprilis anno
+dn&#773;i M. cccc. lxxxx. scd&#773;o...."</p>
+
+<p>" ... Mensis Octob. ano&#773; dni Millim&#773;o cccc. xxx. quinto."</p>
+
+<p>" ... Ano&#773; dn&#773;i Millesimo cccc. xxxx. vi. cuius aie&#773; deus
+propitietur."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Also in Ecclesfield Church is a slab bearing the dates 1571, and J. W.
+1593; and the remains of two others, with dates "M<sup>o</sup> ccccc<sup>o</sup> xix<sup>o</sup>," and
+"M<sup>o</sup> ccccc<sup>o</sup> xxx<sup>o</sup> vi<sup>o</sup>."</p>
+
+<p class='author'>J. Eastwood.</p>
+
+<p class='location'>Ecclesfield Hall, Sheffield.</p>
+
+
+<p>"<em>Her face is like," &amp;c.</em> (Vol. vii., p. 305.).&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<p class='i0'>"Her face is like the milky way i' the sky,&mdash;</p>
+<p>A meeting of gentle lights without a name."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>These lines are from Act III. of Sir John Suckling's tragedy of
+<em>Brennoralt</em>, and are uttered by a lover contemplating his <em>sleeping</em>
+mistress; a circumstance which it is important to mention, as the truth
+and beauty of the comparison depend on it.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>B. R. I.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a id="page391" name="page391">{391}</a></span><em>Annuellarius</em> (Vol. vii., p. 358.).&mdash;<em>Annuellarius</em>, sometimes written
+<em>Annivellarius</em>, is a chantry priest, so called from his receiving the
+<em>annualia</em>, or yearly stipend, for keeping the anniversary, or saying
+continued masses for one year for the soul of a deceased person.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>J. G.</p>
+
+<p class='location'>Exon.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Ship's Painter</em> (Vol. vii., p. 178.).&mdash;Your correspondent J. C. G. may
+find a rational derivation of the word <em>painter</em>, the rope by which a
+boat is attached to a ship, in the Saxon word <em>punt</em>, a boat. The
+corruption from <em>punter</em>, or boat-rope, to <em>painter</em>, seems obvious.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>J. S. C.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>True Blue</em> (Vol. iii., <em>passim</em>).&mdash;The occurrence of this expression in
+the following passage in Dryden, and its application to the Order of the
+Garter, seem to have escaped the notice of the several correspondents
+who have addressed you on the subject. I quote from <em>The Flower and the
+Leaf</em>, Dryden's version of one of Chaucer's tales:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<p class='i0'>"Who bear the bows were knights in Arthur's reign,</p>
+<p>Twelve they, and twelve the peers of Charlemain;</p>
+<p>For bows the strength of brawny arms imply,</p>
+<p>Emblems of valour and of victory.</p>
+<p>Behold an order yet of newer date,</p>
+<p>Doubling their number, equal in their state;</p>
+<p>Our England's ornament, the Crown's defence,</p>
+<p>In battle brave, protectors of their prince;</p>
+<p>Unchang'd by fortune, to their sovereign <em>true</em>,</p>
+<p><em>For which</em> their manly legs are bound with <em>blue</em>.</p>
+<p>These of the Garter call'd, of faith unstain'd.</p>
+<p>In fighting fields the laurel have obtain'd,</p>
+<p>And well repaid the honors which they gain'd."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class='author'>Henry H. Breen.</p>
+
+<p class='location'>St. Lucia.</p>
+
+
+<p>"<em lang='la'>Quod fuit esse</em>" (Vol. vii., pp. 235. 342.).&mdash;In one of Dr. Byrom's
+Common-place Books now in the possession of his respected descendant,
+Miss Atherton, of Kersal Cell, is the following arrangement and
+translation of this enigmatical inscription, probably made by the Doctor
+himself:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza" lang='la'>
+<p class='i0'>"Quod fuit esse quod est quod non fuit esse quod esse</p>
+<p>Esse quod est non esse quod est non est erit esse.</p>
+<p class='i5'>Quod fuit esse quod,</p>
+<p class='i5'>Est quod non fuit esse quod,</p>
+<p class='i5'>Esse esse quod est,</p>
+<p class='i5'>Non esse quod est non est</p>
+<p class='i5'>Erit esse.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<p>What was John Wiles is what John Wiles was not,</p>
+<p>The mortal Being has immortal got.</p>
+<p>The Wiles that was but a non Ens is gone,</p>
+<p>And now remains the true eternal John."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>I take this opportunity of mentioning that my friend, the Rev. Dr.
+Parkinson, Canon of Manchester, and Principal of St. Bees, is at present
+engaged in editing, for the Chetham Society, the Diary and unpublished
+remains of Dr. Byrom; and he will, I am sure, feel greatly indebted to
+any of your correspondents who will favour him with an addition to his
+present materials. O. G. ("N. &amp; Q.," Vol. vii., p. 179. art. Townshend)
+seems to have some memoranda relating to Byrom, and would perhaps be
+good enough to communicate them to Dr. Parkinson.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>James Crossley.</p>
+
+<p>I have seen the above thus paraphrased:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<p class='i0'>"What we have been, and what we are,</p>
+<p class='i1'>The present and the time that's past,</p>
+<p>We cannot properly compare</p>
+<p class='i1'>With what we are to be at last.</p>
+</div>
+
+  <div class="stanza">
+<p class='i0'>"Tho' we ourselves have fancied Forms,</p>
+<p class='i1'>And Beings that have never been;</p>
+<p>We into something shall be turn'd,</p>
+<p class='i1'>Which we have not conceived or seen."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class='author'>C. H. (a Subscriber.)</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Subterranean Bells</em> (Vol. vii., pp. 128. 200. 328.).&mdash;In a most
+interesting paper by the Rev. W. Thornber, A.B., Blackpool, published in
+the <em>Proceedings of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire</em>,
+1851-2, there is mention of a similar tradition to that quoted by your
+correspondent J. J. S.</p>
+
+<p>Speaking of the cemetery of Kilgrimol, two miles on the south shore from
+Blackpool, the learned gentleman says:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"The ditch and cross have disappeared, either obliterated by the
+sand, or overwhelmed by the inroads of the sea; but, with
+tradition, the locality is a favourite still. The <em lang='la'>superstitio
+loci</em> marks the site: 'The church,' it says, 'was swallowed up
+by an earthquake, together with the Jean la Cairne of Stonyhill;
+but on Christmas eve every one, since that time, on bending his
+ear to the ground, may distinguish clearly its bells pealing
+most merrily.'"</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class='author'>Broctuna.</p>
+
+<p class='location'>Bury, Lancashire.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Spontaneous Combustion</em> (Vol. vii., p. 286.).&mdash;I presume H. A. B.'s
+question refers to the human body only, because the possibility of
+spontaneous combustion in several other substances is, I believe, not
+disputed. On that of the human body Taylor says:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"The hypothesis of those who advocate <em>spontaneous</em> combustion,
+is, it appears to me, perfectly untenable. So far as I have been
+able to examine this subject, there is not a single
+well-authenticated instance of such an event occurring: in the
+cases reported which are worthy of any credit, a candle or some
+other ignited body has been at hand, and the accidental ignition
+of the clothes was highly probable, if not absolutely certain."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>He admits that, under certain circumstances, the human body, though in
+general "highly difficult of combustion," may acquire increased
+combustible properties. But this is another question<span class='pagenum'><a id="page392" name="page392">{392}</a></span> from that of the
+possibility of its purely spontaneous combustion. (See Taylor's <em>Medical
+Jurisprudence</em>, pages 424-7. edit. 1846.)</p>
+
+<p class='author'>W. W. T.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Muffs worn by Gentlemen</em> (Vol. vi., <em>passim</em>; Vol. vii., p. 320.).&mdash;The
+writer of a series of papers in the <em>New Monthly Magazine</em>, entitled
+"Parr in his later Years," thus (vol. xvi. p. 482.) describes the
+appearance of that learned Theban:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"He had on his dressing-gown, which I think was flannel, or
+cotton, and the skirts dangled round his ankles. Over this he
+had drawn his great-coat, buttoned close; and his hands, for he
+had been attacked with erysipelas not long before, were kept
+warm in a <em>silk muff</em>, not much larger than the poll of a common
+hat."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>In an anonymous poetical pamphlet (<em>Thoughts in Verse concerning
+Feasting and Dancing</em>, 12mo. London, 1800), is a little poem, entitled
+"The Muff," in the course of which the following lines occur:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+<p class='i0'>"A time there was (that time is now no more,</p>
+<p>At least in England 'tis not now observ'd!)</p>
+<p>When muffs were worn by <em>beaux</em> as well as belles.</p>
+<p>Scarce has a century of time elaps'd,</p>
+<p>Since such an article was much in vogue;</p>
+<p>Which, when it was not on the arm sustain'd,</p>
+<p>Hung, pendant by a silken ribbon loop</p>
+<p>From button of the coat of well-dress'd beau.</p>
+<p>'Tis well for manhood that the use has ceased!</p>
+<p>For what to <em>woman</em> might be well allow'd,</p>
+<p>As suited to the softness of her sex,</p>
+<p>Would seem effeminate and wrong in <em>man</em>."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class='author'>William Bates.</p>
+
+<p class='location'>Birmingham.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Crescent</em> (Vol. vii., p. 235.).&mdash;In Judges, ch. viii. ver. 21., Gideon
+is recorded to have taken away from Zeba and Zalmunna, kings of Midian,
+"the ornaments that were on their camels' necks." The marginal
+translation has "ornaments like the moon;" and in verse 24. it is stated
+that the Midianites were <em>Ishmaelites</em>. If, therefore, it be borne in
+mind that Mohammed was an Arabian, and that the Arabians were
+Ishmaelites, we may perhaps be allowed to infer that the origin of the
+use of the crescent was not as a symbol of Mohammed's religion, but that
+it was adopted by his countrymen and followers from their ancestors, and
+may be referred to at least as far back as 1249 <small>B.C.</small>, when Zeba and
+Zalmunna were slain, and when it seems to have been the customary
+ornament of the Ishmaelites.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>W. W. T.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>The Author of "The Family Journal"</em> (Vol. vii., p. 313.).&mdash;The author
+of the very clever series of papers in the <em>New Monthly Magazine</em>, to
+which <span class="smcap">Mr. Bede</span> refers, is Mr. Leigh Hunt. The particular one in which
+Swift's Latin-English is quoted, has been republished in a charming
+little volume, full of original thinking, expressed with the felicity of
+genius, called <em>Table Talk</em>, and published in 1851 by Messrs. Smith and
+Elder, of Cornhill.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>G. J. De Wilde.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Parochial Libraries</em> (Vol. vi., p. 432. &amp;c.).&mdash;I fear that there is
+little doubt that these collections of books have very often been
+unfairly dispersed. It is by no means uncommon, in looking over the
+stock of an old divinity bookseller, to meet with works with the names
+of parochial libraries written in them. I have met with many such: they
+appear chiefly to have consisted of the works of the Fathers, and of our
+seventeenth century divines. As a case in point, I recollect, about ten
+years since, being at a sale at the rectory of Reepham, Norfolk,
+consequent upon the death of the rector, and noticing several works with
+the inscription "Reepham Church Library" written inside: these were sold
+indiscriminately with the rector's books. At this distance of time I
+cannot recollect the titles of many of the works; but I perfectly
+remember a copy of Sir H. Savile's edition of <em>Chrysostom</em>, 8 vols.
+folio; <em>Constantini Lexicon</em>, folio; and some pieces of Bishop Andrewes.
+These were probably intended for the use of the rector, as in the case
+reported by your correspondent <span class="smcap">Cheverells</span> (Vol. vii., p. 369.).</p>
+
+<p>I may also mention having seen a small parochial library of old divinity
+kept in the room over the porch in the church of Sutton Courtenay, near
+Abingdon, Berks. With the history and purpose of this collection I am
+unacquainted.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>Norris Deck.</p>
+
+<p class='location'>Great Malvern.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Sidney as a Christian Name</em> (Vol. vii., pp. 39. 318.).&mdash;Lady Morgan the
+authoress was, before her marriage, Miss <em>Sidney</em> Owenson. See Chambers'
+<em>Encyclop. of Eng. Lit.</em>, ii. 580.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>P. J. F. Gantillon, B.A.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>"Rather"</em> (Vol. vii., p. 282.).&mdash;The root of the word <em>rather</em> is
+Celtic, in which language <em>raith</em> means "inclination," "on account of,"
+"for the sake of," &amp;c. Thus, in the line quoted from Chaucer,</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+"What aileth you so <em>rath&egrave;</em> for to arise,"</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>it clearly signifies "what aileth you that you <em>so incline</em> to arise,"
+and so on, in the various uses to which the comparative of the word is
+put: as, I had rather do so and so, <em>i. e.</em> "I feel <em>more inclined</em>;" I
+am rather tired, <em>i. e.</em> "I am fatigued <em>on account of</em> the walk," &amp;c. I
+am glad that you are come, the rather that I have work for you to do,
+<em>i. e.</em> "<em>more on account of</em> the work which I have for you to do, or
+<em>for the sake</em> of the work," &amp;c. Any obscurity that is attached to the
+use of the word, has arisen from the abuse of it, or rather from its
+right signification being not properly understood.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>Fras. Crossley.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a id="page393" name="page393">{393}</a></span><em>Lady High Sheriff</em> (Vol. vii., pp. 236. 340.).&mdash;Another instance may be
+seen in Foss's <em>Judges of England</em>, vol. ii. p. 51.&mdash;In speaking of
+Reginald de Cornhill, who held the Sheriffalty of Kent from 5 Richard I.
+to 5 Henry III., he says:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"His seat at Minster, in the Isle of Thanet, acquired the name
+of 'Sheriff's Court,' which it still retains; and he himself,
+discontinuing his own name, was styled Reginald le Viscount,
+even his widow being designated Vicecomitessa Cantii."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class='author'>D. S.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Nugget</em> (Vol. vi., p. 171.; Vol. vii., pp. 143. 272.).&mdash;Nugget <em>may</em> be
+derived from the Persian, but it is also used in Scotland, and means a
+lump,&mdash;a nugget of sugar, for instance. And as Scotchmen are to be found
+everywhere, its importation into Australia and California is easily
+accounted for.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>R. S. N.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Epigrams</em> (Vol. vii., p. 180.).&mdash;I beg to confirm the statement of
+<span class="smcap">Scrapiana</span> as to the reading John instead of Thomas in the line</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+"'Twixt Footman John and Dr. Toe."</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>It may not be generally known that this epigram came from the pen of
+Reginald Heber, late Bishop of Calcutta, who was then a commoner of
+Brazenoze College, and who wrote that extremely clever satire called
+<em>The Whippiad</em> of which the same Dr. Toe (the Rev. Henry Halliwell, Dean
+and Tutor) was the hero. <em>The Whippiad</em> was printed for the first time a
+few years ago, in <em>Blackwood's Magazine</em>.</p>
+
+<p>I fancy the other facetious epigram given by <span class="smcap">Scrapiana</span> has no connexion
+with this, but was merely inserted on the same page as being "similis
+materi&aelig;."</p>
+
+<p class='author'>B. N. C.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Editions of the Prayer-Book</em> (Vol. vii., p. 91.).&mdash;The following small
+addition is offered to <span class="smcap">Mr. Sparrow Simpson</span>'s list:</p>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table class='books' border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Pray-books by publication date">
+<col width='5%' />
+<col width='5%' />
+<col width='45%' />
+<col width='45%' />
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='tdl'>1592.</td>
+  <td class='tdl'>fol.</td>
+  <td class='tdl'>Deputies of Chr. Barker.</td>
+  <td class='tdl'>Trinity College, Dublin.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='tdl'>1607.</td>
+  <td class='tdl'>4to.</td>
+  <td class='tdl'>Robert Barker.</td>
+  <td class='tdl'>Trin. Coll., Dublin.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='tdl'>1611.</td>
+  <td class='tdl'>folio.</td>
+  <td class='tdl'>Robert Barker.</td>
+  <td class='tdl'>Marsh's Library, Dubl.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='tdl'>1632.</td>
+  <td class='tdl'>8vo.</td>
+  <td class='tdl'>R. Barker and the assignes of John Bill.</td>
+  <td class='tdl'>Trin. Coll., Dublin.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='tdl'>1634.</td>
+  <td class='tdl'>4to.</td>
+  <td class='tdl'>Same Printers.</td>
+  <td class='tdl'>Trin. Coll., Dublin.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='tdl'>1634.</td>
+  <td class='tdl'>12mo.</td>
+  <td class='tdl'>Same Printers.</td>
+  <td class='tdl'>Marsh's Library.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='tdl'>1638.</td>
+  <td class='tdl'>4to.</td>
+  <td class='tdl'>Same Printers.</td>
+  <td class='tdl'>Trin. Coll., Dublin.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='tdl'>1639.</td>
+  <td class='tdl'>4to.</td>
+  <td class='tdl'>Same Printers.</td>
+  <td class='tdl'>Trin. Coll., Dublin.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='tdl'>1616.</td>
+  <td colspan='3' class='tdl'>There is a Latin version, in Dr. Mockett's <em lang='la'>Doctrina et Politeia
+Ecclesi&aelig; Anglican&aelig;</em>. 4to. Londoni. Marsh's Library, Dublin.</td>
+</tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p class='author'>H. Cotton.</p>
+
+<p class='location'>Thurles.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Portrait of Pope</em> (Vol. vii., p. 294.).&mdash;Dr. Falconer's portrait of
+Pope could not have been painted by <em>Joseph</em> Wright of Derby, as that
+celebrated artist was only fourteen when Pope died; consequently, the
+anecdote told of the painter, and of his meeting the poet at dinner,
+must apply to the artist named by Dr. Falconer, and of course correctly,
+<em>Edward</em> Wright.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>S. D. D.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Passage in Coleridge</em> (Vol. vii., p. 330.).&mdash;The paper referred to by
+Coleridge will be found in the <em>Transactions of the Manchester Literary
+and Philosophical Society</em>, vol. iii. p. 463. It is the "Description of
+a Glory," witnessed by Dr. Haygarth on Feb. 13th, 1780, when "returning
+to Chester, and ascending the mountain which forms the eastern boundary
+of the Vale of Clwyd." As your correspondent asks for a copy of the
+description, the volume being scarce, I will give the following extract:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"I was struck with the peculiar appearance of a very white
+shining cloud, that lay remarkably close to the ground. The sun
+was nearly setting, but shone extremely bright. I walked up to
+the cloud, and my shadow was projected into it; when a very
+unexpected and beautiful scene was presented to my view. The
+head of my shadow was surrounded, at some distance, by a circle
+of various colours; whose centre appeared to be near the
+situation of the eye, and whose circumference extended to the
+shoulders. The circle was complete, except what the shadow of my
+body intercepted. It resembled, very exactly, what in pictures
+is termed a <em>glory</em>, around the head of our Saviour and of
+saints: not, indeed, that luminous radiance which is painted
+close to the head, but an arch of concentric colours. As I
+walked forward, this <em>glory</em> approached or retired, just as the
+inequality of the ground shortened or lengthened my shadow."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>A plate "by the writer's friend, Mr. Falconer," accompanies the paper.</p>
+
+<p>In my copy of the <em>Transactions</em>, the following MS. note is attached to
+this paper:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"See Juan's and De Ulloa's <em>Voyage to South America</em>, book vi.
+ch. ix., where ph&aelig;nomena, nearly similar, are described."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class='author'>I. H. M.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Lowbell</em> (Vol. vii., pp. 181. 272.).&mdash;This is also surely a Scotch
+word, <em>low</em> meaning a light, a flame.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"A smith's hause is aye lowin."&mdash;<em>Scots. Prov.</em></p></blockquote>
+
+<p class='author'>R. S. N.</p>
+
+
+<p><em>Burn at Croydon</em> (Vol. vii., p. 283.).&mdash;This seems to be of the same
+nature as the "nailburns" mentioned by Halliwell (<em>Arch. Dict.</em>). In
+Lambarde's <em>Perambulation of Kent</em>, p. 221., 2nd edit., mention is made
+of a stream running under ground. But it seems very difficult to account
+for these phenomena, and any geologist who would give a satisfactory
+explanation of these <em>burns</em>, <em>nailburns</em>, subterraneous streams, and
+those which in Lincolnshire are termed "blow wells," would confer a
+favour on several of your readers.</p>
+
+<p class='author'>E. G. R.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a id="page394" name="page394">{394}</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="Miscellaneous" id="Miscellaneous"></a><strong>Miscellaneous.</strong></h2>
+
+<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.</h3>
+
+<p>Our learned, grave, and potent cotemporary, <em>The Quarterly Review</em>, has,
+in the number just issued, a very pleasant gossiping article on <em>The Old
+Countess of Desmond</em>. The writer, who pays "N. &amp; Q." a passing
+compliment for which we are obliged, although he very clearly
+establishes the fact of the existence of a Countess of Desmond, who was
+well known and remarkable for her <em>extreme</em> longevity, certainly does
+not prove that the old Countess actually lived to the great age of 140
+years.</p>
+
+<p>The publisher of <em>Men of the Time, or Sketches of Living Notables</em>, has
+just put forth a new edition of what will eventually become a valuable
+and interesting little volume. There are so many difficulties in the way
+of making such a book accurate and complete, that it is no wonder if
+this second edition, although it contains upwards of sixty additional
+articles, has yet many omissions. Its present aspect is too political.
+Men of the pen are too lightly passed over, unless they are professed
+journalists; many of the greatest scholars of the present day being
+entirely omitted. This must and doubtless will be amended.</p>
+
+<p>It is with great regret that we have to announce the death of one whose
+facile pen and well-stored memory furnished many a pleasant note to our
+readers,&mdash;J. R. of Cork, under which signature that able scholar, and
+kindly hearted gentleman, <span class="smcap">Mr. James Roche</span>, happily designated by Father
+Prout the "Roscoe of Cork," was pleased to contribute to our columns.
+<em>The Athen&aelig;um</em> well observes that "his death will leave a blank in the
+intellectual society of the South of Ireland, and the readers of 'N. &amp;
+Q.' will miss his genial and instructive gossip on books and men."</p>
+
+<p><em>The Photographic Society</em> is rapidly increasing. The meeting on the 7th
+for the exhibition and explanation of cameras was a decided failure,
+from the want of due preparation; but that failure will be fully
+compensated by the promised exhibition of them in the rooms of the
+<em>Society of Arts</em>. While on the subject of Photography, we may call the
+attention of our readers to a curious paper on Photographic Engraving,
+in <em>The Athen&aelig;um</em> of Saturday last, by a gentleman to whom the art is
+already under so much obligation, Mr. Fox Talbot.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Books Received.</span>&mdash;<em>Wellington, his Character, his Actions, and his
+Writings</em>, by Jules Maurel, is well described by its editor, Lord
+Ellesmere, as "among the most accurate, discriminating, and felicitous
+tributes which have evaluated from any country in any language to the
+memory of the great Duke."&mdash;<em>Temple Bar, the City Golgotha, a Narrative
+of the Historical Occurrences of a Criminal Character associated with
+the present Bar</em>, by a Member of the Inner Temple. A chatty and
+anecdotical history of this last remaining gate of the city, under
+certainly its most revolting aspect. The sketch will doubtless be
+acceptable, particularly to London antiquaries.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3><a id='Books_and_Odd_Volumes_wanted' name='Books_and_Odd_Volumes_wanted'>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</a></h3>
+
+<h4>WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h4>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Arch&aelig;ologia.</span> Vols. III., IV., V., VI., VII., VIII., X., XXVII., XXVIII.
+Unbound.</p>
+
+<p>&mdash;&mdash; Vols. III., IV., V., VIII. In Boards.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bayle's Dictionary.</span> English Version, by <span class="smcap">De Maizeaux</span>. London, 1738. Vols.
+I. and II.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Gmelin's Handbook of Chemistry.</span> Inorganic part.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Lubbock, Elementary Treatise on the Tides.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Sanders (Rev. H.), the History of Shenstone.</span> 4to. Lond. 1794.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Swift's (Dean) Works.</span> Dublin: G. Faulkner. 19 Volumes. 1768. Vol. I.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Todd's Cyclop&aelig;dia of Anatomy and Physiology.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Transactions of the Microscopical Society of London.</span> Vols. I. and II.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Arch&aelig;ologia.</span> Vols. III., IV., V., VIII. Boards.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Martyn's Plant&aelig; Cantabrigienses.</span> 12mo. London, 1763.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Abbotsford Edition of the Waverley Novels.</span> Odd Vols.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The Truth Teller.</span> A Periodical.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Sarah Coleridge's Phantasmion.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">J. L. Petit's Church Architecture.</span> 2 Vols.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">R. Mant's Church Architecture Considered in Relation to the Mind of the
+Church.</span> 8vo. Belfast, 1840.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Cambridge Camden Society's Transactions.</span> Vol. III.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ellicott on
+Vaulting.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Quarterly Review</span>, 1845.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Gardeners Chronicle</span>, 1838 to 1852, all but Oct. to Dec. 1851.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Collier's Further Vindication of his short View of the Stage.</span> 1708.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Congreve's Amendment of Collier's false and imperfect Citations.</span> 1698.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Filmer's Defence of Plays, or the Stage vindicated.</span> 1707.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The Stage Condemned.</span> 1698.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bedford's Serious Reflections on the Abuses of the Stage.</span> 8vo. 1705.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Dissertation on Isaiah, Chapter XVIII., in a Letter to Edward King,</span> &amp;c.,
+by <span class="smcap">Samuel Horsley</span>, Lord Bishop of Rochester. 1799. First Edition, in
+4to.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bishop Fell's</span> Edition of <span class="smcap">Cyprian</span>, Containing <span class="smcap">Bishop Pearson's Annales
+Cypriania.</span></p>
+
+<p>&#8258;<em>Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send
+their names.</em></p>
+
+<p>&#8258; Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <em>carriage free</em>, to
+be sent to <span class="smcap">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet
+Street.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3><a id='Notices_to_Correspondents' name='Notices_to_Correspondents'>NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS</a></h3>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Cantab.</span> <em>The line</em></p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>
+"Music has charms to soothe a savage breast,"</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p><em>is from Congreve's </em>Mourning Bride<em>, Act I. Sc. I.</em></p>
+
+<p>J. L. S. <em>We will endeavour to ascertain the value of the copy of
+</em>Naunton<em>, and tell our Correspondent when we write to him.</em></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">C. Gonville.</span> <em>We hope this Correspondent has received the letter
+forwarded to him on Saturday or Monday last. His letter has been sent
+on.</em></p>
+
+<p>E. P., Jun. <em>The best account of Nuremburg Tokens is Snelling's </em>View of
+the Origin, Nature and Use of Jettons or Counters<em>. London, 1769,
+folio.</em></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Nemo.</span> <em>Thanks to its excellent Index, we are enabled, by Cunningham's
+</em>Handbook of London<em>, to inform him that Vanburgh was buried in the
+family vault of the Vanburghs in St. Stephen's, Walbrook.</em></p>
+
+<p>C. M. J. <em>will find the reference to "Language given to man," &amp;c., in
+</em>Vol. vi., p. 575.<em>, in an article on South and Talleyrand.</em></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Photosulph</span>, <em>who asks whether, when using the developing solution, it is
+necessary to blow upon the glass, is informed that it is not necessary;
+but that, when there is a hesitation in the flowing of the fluid,
+blowing gently on the glass promotes it, and the warmth of the breath
+sometimes causes a more speedy development.</em></p>
+
+<p>X. A. <em>We cannot enter into any discussion respecting lenses. We have
+more than once fully recognised the merits of those manufactured by Mr.
+Ross: but never having used one of them, we could not speak of them from
+our own experience. We do not hold ourselves responsible for the
+opinions of our Correspondents.</em></p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Notes and Queries</span>" <em>is published at noon on Friday, so that the County
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them
+to their Subscribers on the Saturday.</em></p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a id="page395" name="page395">{395}</a></span></p>
+
+<hr class='adverts' />
+
+<p>PHOTOGRAPHY.&mdash;HORNE &amp; CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
+Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds,
+according to light.</p>
+
+<p>Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the
+choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their
+Establishment.</p>
+
+<p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &amp;c. &amp;c. used in this
+beautiful Art.&mdash;123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.&mdash;Pure Chemicals, and every requisite for the practice
+of Photography, according to the instructions of Le Gray, Hunt,
+Br&eacute;bisson, and other writers, may be obtained, wholesale and retail, of
+WILLIAM BOLTON, (formerly Dymond &amp; Co.), Manufacturer of pure Chemicals
+for Photographic and other purposes. Lists may be had on application.</p>
+
+<p>Improved Apparatus for iodizing paper in vacuo, according to Mr.
+Stewart's instructions.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>146. HOLBORN BARS.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.&mdash;MR. PHILIP DELAMOTTE begs to announce that he has now
+made arrangements for printing Calotypes in large or small quantities,
+either from Paper or Glass Negatives. Gentlemen who are desirous of
+having good impressions of their works, may see specimens of Mr.
+Delamotte's Printing at his own residence, 38. Chepstow Place,
+Bayswater, or at</p>
+
+<p class='center'>MR. GEORGE BELL'S, 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p class='center'>Just published, price 1<em>s.</em>, free by Post 1<em>s.</em> 4<em>d.</em>,</p>
+
+<p>THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION.
+Translated from the French.</p>
+
+<p>Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER &amp; SON'S celebrated
+Lenses for Portraits and Views.</p>
+
+<p>General Dep&ocirc;t for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Fr&egrave;res', La Croix, and
+other Talbotype Papers.</p>
+
+<p>Pure Photographic Chemicals.</p>
+
+<p>Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>GEORGE KNIGHT &amp; SONS., Foster Lane, London.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>PHOTOGRAPHY.&mdash;Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver).&mdash;J.
+B. HOCKIN &amp; CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who
+published the application of this agent (see <em>Athen&aelig;um</em>, Aug. 14th).
+Their Collodion (price 9<em>d.</em> per oz.) retains its extraordinary
+sensitiveness, tenacity, and colour unimpaired for months: it may be
+exported to any climate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J.
+B. HOCKIN &amp; CO. manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the
+latest Improvements adapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotype
+processes. Camera for Developing in the open Country. GLASS BATHS
+adapted to any Camera. Lenses from the best Makers. Waxed and Iodized
+Papers, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.&mdash;A Selection of the above beautiful Productions
+may be seen at BLAND &amp; LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be
+procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the
+practice of Photography in all its Branches.</p>
+
+<p>Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.</p>
+
+<p>BLAND &amp; LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument
+Makers, and Operative Chemist, 153. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.&mdash;To be sold, a Second-hand Achromatic Portrait Lens by
+Lerebour, 2-1/4 aperture, 7 inches focal length. Price 3<em>l.</em> 10<em>s.</em></p>
+
+<p>Apply to THOS. EGLEY, Bookseller, 35. Upper Berkeley Street West, Hyde
+Park Square, where also Specimens of its performance may be seen.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.&mdash;Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's,
+Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Fr&egrave;res' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's
+Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.</p>
+
+<p>Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.
+Paternoster Row, London.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p class='center'>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,</p>
+
+<p class='center'>3 PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>Founded A.D. 1842.</p>
+
+<hr class='short' />
+
+<p class='center'><em>Directors.</em></p>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<ul>
+<li>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.</li>
+<li>W. Cabell, Esq.</li>
+<li>T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.</li>
+<li>G. H. Drew, Esq.</li>
+<li>W. Evans, Esq.</li>
+<li>W. Freeman, Esq.</li>
+<li>F. Fuller, Esq.</li>
+<li>J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</li>
+<li>T. Grissell, Esq.</li>
+<li>J. Hunt, Esq.</li>
+<li>J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.</li>
+<li>E. Lucas, Esq.</li>
+<li>J. Lys Seager, Esq.</li>
+<li>J. B. White, Esq.</li>
+<li>J. Carter Wood, Esq.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p class='center'><em>Trustees.</em><br /><br />
+
+W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.: L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.: George Drew, Esq.<br /><br />
+<em>Physician.</em>&mdash;William Rich. Basham, M.D.<br /><br />
+
+<em>Bankers.</em>&mdash;Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><strong>VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</strong></p>
+
+<p>POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application
+to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed
+in the Prospectus.</p>
+
+<p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<em>l.</em>, with a Share in
+three-fourths of the Profits:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border='0' cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0"
+summary="Premium rates based on age">
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='tdc'>Age</td>
+  <td class='tdc'><em>&pound;</em></td>
+  <td class='tdc'><em>s.</em></td>
+  <td class='tdc'><em>d.</em></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='tdc'>17</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>1</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>14</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>4</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='tdc'>22</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>1</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>18</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>8</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='tdc'>27</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>2</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>4</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>5</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='tdc'>32</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>2</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>10</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>8</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='tdc'>37</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>2</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>18</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>6</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='tdc'>42</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>3</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>8</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>2</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p>
+
+<p>Now ready, price 10<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em>, Second Edition, with material additions,
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a TREATISE on BENEFIT
+BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment,
+exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
+&amp;c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life
+Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life
+Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class
+X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all
+Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior
+Gold London-made Patent Levers. 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
+Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12,
+10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior
+Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's
+Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
+skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers,
+2<em>l.</em>, 3<em>l.</em>, and 4<em>l.</em> Thermometers from 1<em>s.</em> each.</p>
+
+<p>BENNETT, Watch, Clock and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
+Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen, 65. CHEAPSIDE.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p class='center'>Just published, with Frontispiece, 12mo., price 2<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em></p>
+
+<p>THE VICAR and his DUTIES; being Sketches of Clerical Life in a
+Manufacturing Town Parish. By the REV. ALFRED GATTY, Vicar of
+Ecclesfield.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>London: GEORGE BELL.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>Edinburgh: R. GRANT &amp; SON.</p>
+
+
+<hr />
+
+<p class='center'>Now ready, Two New Volumes (price 28<em>s.</em> cloth) of</p>
+
+<p>THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND and the Courts at Westminster. By EDWARD FOSS,
+F.S.A.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>
+Volume Three, 1272&mdash;1377.<br />
+Volume Four, 1377&mdash;1485.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p class='center'>Lately published, price 28<em>s.</em> cloth,</p>
+
+<p class='center'>
+Volume One, 1066&mdash;1199.<br />
+Volume Two, 1199&mdash;1272.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>"A book which is essentially sound and truthful, and must therefore take
+its stand in the permanent literature of our country."&mdash;<em>Gent. Mag.</em></p>
+
+<p class='center'>London: LONGMAN &amp; CO.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>NEW ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPES on MR. PRITCHARD'S Construction. Micrometers,
+Polarizing Apparatus, Object-glasses, and Eye-pieces. S. STRAKER
+supplies any of the above of the first quality, and will forward by post
+free a new priced List of Microscopes and Apparatus.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>162. FLEET STREET, LONDON.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>SAVE FIFTY PER CENT. by purchasing your WATCHES direct from the
+MANUFACTURER, at the WHOLESALE TRADE PRICE.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" summary="Watch prices">
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='tdl'>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>�</td>
+  <td class='tdr'><em>s.</em></td>
+  <td class='tdr'><em>d.</em></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='tdl'>Gold Watches, extra jewelled, with all
+    the recent improvements</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>3</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>15</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>0</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='tdl'>Ditto, with the three-quarter plate
+    movement, and stouter cases</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>4</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>10</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>0</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='tdl'>Silver Watches, with same movements
+    as the Gold</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>2</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>0</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>0</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='tdl'>Ditto, with the lever escapement, eight
+    holes jewelled</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>2</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>15</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>0</td>
+</tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p>And every other description of Watch in the same proportion.</p>
+
+<p>A written warranty for accurate performance is given with every Watch,
+and twelve months allowed.</p>
+
+<p>Handsome morocco cases for same, 2<em>s.</em> extra.</p>
+
+<p>Emigrants supplies with Watches suitable for Australia.&mdash;Merchants,
+Captains, and the Trade supplied in any quantities on very favourable
+terms.</p>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" summary="Watch chain prices">
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='tdl'>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>�</td>
+  <td class='tdr'><em>s.</em></td>
+  <td class='tdr'><em>d.</em></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='tdl'>Gentlemen's fine Gold Albert Chains</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>1</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>10</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>0</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td class='tdl'>Ladies' ditto. Neck ditto</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>1</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>15</td>
+  <td class='tdr'>0</td>
+</tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p>Sent carefully packed, post free, and registered, on receipt of
+Post-Office or Banker's Order, payable to</p>
+
+<p class='center'>DANIEL ELLIOTT HEDGER.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>Wholesale Watch Manufacturer, 27. City Road, near Finsbury Square,
+London.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>WANTED, for the Ladies' Institute, 83. Regent Street, Quadrant, LADIES
+of taste for fancy work,&mdash;by paying 21<em>s.</em> will be received as members,
+and taught the new style of velvet wool work, which is acquired in a few
+easy lessons. Each lady will be guaranteed constant employment and ready
+cash payment for her work. Apply personally to Mrs. Thoughey. N.B.
+Ladies taught by letter at any distance from London.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>HEAL &amp; SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It
+contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different
+Bedsteads: also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts.
+And their new warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room
+Furniture, Furniture Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render
+their Establishment complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms.</p>
+
+<p>HEAL &amp; SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court
+Road.<span class='pagenum'><a id="page396" name="page396">{396}</a></span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p class='center'><strong>The Camden Society,</strong></p>
+
+<p class='center'><small>FOR THE PUBLICATION OF</small></p>
+
+<p class='center'>EARLY HISTORICAL AND LITERARY REMAINS.</p>
+
+<hr class='short' />
+
+<p>THE CAMDEN SOCIETY is instituted to perpetuate, and render accessible,
+whatever is valuable, but at present little known, amongst the materials
+for the Civil, Ecclesiastical, or Literary History of the United
+Kingdom; and it accomplishes that object by the publication of
+Historical Documents, Letters, Ancient Poems, and whatever else lies
+within the compass of its designs, in the most convenient form, and at
+the least possible expense consistent with the production of useful
+volumes.</p>
+
+<p>The Subscription to the Society is 1<em>l.</em> per annum, which becomes due in
+advance on the first day of May in every year, and is received by
+MESSRS. NICHOLS, 25. PARLIAMENT STREET, or by the several LOCAL
+SECRETARIES. Members may compound for their future Annual Subscriptions,
+by the payment of 10<em>l.</em> over and above the Subscription for the current
+year. The compositions received have been funded in the Three per Cent.
+Consols to an amount exceeding 900<em>l.</em> No Books are delivered to a
+Member until his Subscription for the current year has been paid. New
+Members are admitted at the Meetings of the Council held on the First
+Wednesday in every month.</p>
+
+<hr class='short' />
+
+<p class='center'>The Publications for the past year (1851-2) were:</p>
+
+<div class='in2'>
+<p>52. PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES of CHARLES II. and JAMES II. Edited by J. Y.
+AKERMAN, Esq., Sec. S.A.</p>
+
+<p>53. THE CHRONICLE OF THE GREY FRIARS OF LONDON. Edited from a MS. in the
+Cottonian Library by J. GOUGH NICHOLS, Esq., F.S.A.</p>
+
+<p>54. PROMPTORIUM: An English and Latin Dictionary of Words in Use during
+the Fifteenth Century, compiled chiefly from the Promptorium Parvulorum.
+By ALBERT WAY, Esq., M.A., F.S.A. Vol. II. (M. to R.) (In the Press.)</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class='center'>Books for 1852-3.</p>
+
+<div class='in2'>
+<p>55. THE SECOND VOLUME OF THE CAMDEN MISCELLANY, containing, 1. Expenses
+of John of Brabant, 1292-3; 2. Household Accounts of Princess Elizabeth,
+1551-2; 3. Requeste and Suite of a True-hearted Englishman, by W.
+Cholmeley, 1553; 4. Discovery of the Jesuits' College at Clerkenwell,
+1627-8; 5. Trelawny Papers; 6. Autobiography of Dr. William
+Taswell.&mdash;Now ready for delivery to all Members not in arrear of their
+Subscription.</p>
+
+<p>56. THE VERNEY PAPERS. A Selection from the Correspondence of the Verney
+Family during the reign of Charles I. to the year 1639. From the
+Originals in the possession of Sir Harry Verney, Bart. To be edited by
+JOHN BRUCE, ESQ., Trea. S.A. (Will be ready immediately.)</p>
+
+<p>57. THE CORRESPONDENCE OF LADY BRILLIANA HARLEY, during the Civil Wars.
+To be edited by the REV. T. T. LEWIS, M.A. (Will be ready immediately.)</p>
+</div>
+<hr class='short' />
+
+<p>The following Works are at Press, and will be issued from time to time,
+as soon as ready:</p>
+
+<p>ROLL of the HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES of RICHARD SWINFIELD, Bishop of Hereford,
+in the years 1289, 1290, with Illustrations from other and coeval
+Documents. To be edited by the REV. JOHN WEBB, M.A., F.S.A.</p>
+
+<p>REGUL&AElig; INCLUSARUM: THE ANCREN REWLE. A Treatise on the Rules and Duties
+of Monastic Life, in the Anglo-Saxon Dialect of the Thirteenth Century,
+addressed to a Society of Anchorites, being a translation from the Latin
+Work of Simon de Ghent, Bishop of Salisbury. To be edited from MSS. in
+the Cottonian Library, British Museum, with an Introduction, Glossarial
+Notes, &amp;c., by the REV. JAMES MORTON, B.D., Prebendary of Lincoln.</p>
+
+<p>THE DOMESDAY OF ST. PAUL'S: a Description of the Manors belonging to the
+Church of St. Paul's in London in the year 1222. By the VEN. ARCHDEACON
+HALE.</p>
+
+<p>ROMANCE OF JEAN AND BLONDE OF OXFORD, by Philippe de Reims, an
+Anglo-Norman Poet of the latter end of the Twelfth Century. Edited, from
+the unique MS. in the Royal Library at Paris, by M. LE ROUX DE LINCY,
+Editor of the Roman de Brut.</p>
+
+<p>Communications from Gentlemen desirous of becoming Members may be
+addressed to the Secretary, or to Messrs. Nichols.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>WILLIAM J. THOMS, Secretary. 25. Parliament Street, Westminster.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p class='center'><strong>WORKS OF THE CAMDEN SOCIETY,</strong></p>
+
+<p class='center'>AND ORDER OF THEIR PUBLICATION.</p>
+
+
+<ol>
+<li>Restoration of King Edward IV.</li>
+<li>Kyng Johan, by Bishop Bale.</li>
+<li>Deposition of Richard II.</li>
+<li>Plumpton Correspondence.</li>
+<li>Anecdotes and Traditions.</li>
+<li>Political Songs.</li>
+<li>Hayward's Annals of Elizabeth.</li>
+<li>Ecclesiastical Documents.</li>
+<li>Norden's Description of Essex.</li>
+<li>Warkworth's Chronicle.</li>
+<li>Kemp's Nine Daies Wonder.</li>
+<li>The Egerton Papers.</li>
+<li>Chronica Jocelini de Brakelonda.</li>
+<li>Irish Narratives, 1641 and 1690.</li>
+<li>Rishanger's Chronicle.</li>
+<li>Poems of Walter Mapes.</li>
+<li>Travels of Nicander Nucius.</li>
+<li>Three Metrical Romances.</li>
+<li>Diary of Dr. John Dee.</li>
+<li>Apology for the Lollards.</li>
+<li>Rutland Papers.</li>
+<li>Diary of Bishop Cartwright.</li>
+<li>Letters of Eminent Literary Men.</li>
+<li>Proceedings against Dame Alice Kyteler.</li>
+<li>Promptorium Parvulorum: Tom. I.</li>
+<li>Suppression of the Monasteries.</li>
+<li>Leycester Correspondence.</li>
+<li>French Chronicle of London.</li>
+<li>Polydore Vergil.</li>
+<li>The Thornton Romances.</li>
+<li>Verney's Notes of the Long Parliament.</li>
+<li>Autobiography of Sir John Bramston.</li>
+<li>Correspondence of James Duke of Perth.</li>
+<li>Liber de Antiquis Legibus.</li>
+<li>The Chronicle of Calais.</li>
+<li>Polydore Vergil's History, Vol. I.</li>
+<li>Italian Relation of England.</li>
+<li>Church of Middleham.</li>
+<li>The Camden Miscellany, Vol. I.</li>
+<li>Life of Ld. Grey of Wilton.</li>
+<li>Diary of Walter Yonge, Esq.</li>
+<li>Diary of Henry Machyn.</li>
+<li>Visitation of Huntingdonshire.</li>
+<li>Obituary of Rich. Smyth.</li>
+<li>Twysden on the Government of England.</li>
+<li>Letters of Elizabeth and James VI.</li>
+<li>Chronicon Petroburgense.</li>
+<li>Queen Jane and Queen Mary.</li>
+<li>Bury Wills and Inventories.</li>
+<li>Mapes de Nugis Curialium.</li>
+<li>Pilgrimage of Sir R. Guylford.</li>
+</ol>
+
+
+<hr />
+
+<p class='center'><strong>MURRAY'S</strong></p>
+
+<p>CONTINENTAL HANDBOOKS.</p>
+
+<p>ADVERTISEMENTS intended for insertion in the Present Year's New and
+Cheaper Issue of MURRAY'S HANDBOOKS FOR TRAVELLERS ON THE CONTINENT,
+must be forwarded to the Publisher before the 20th April, after which
+day none can be received.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><em>50. Albermarle Street, London, April 2nd, 1853.</em></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p class='center'>THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXIV., is NOW READY.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>CONTENTS:</p>
+
+<ol class='roman'>
+<li>APSELY HOUSE.</li>
+<li>SCROPE'S HISTORY OF CASTLE COMBE.</li>
+<li>HUMAN HAIR.</li>
+<li>THE OLD COUNTESS OF DESMOND.</li>
+<li>HUNGARIAN CAMPAIGNS&mdash;KOSSUTH AND G�RGEY.</li>
+<li>BUCKINGHAM PAPERS.</li>
+<li>SEARCH FOR FRANKLIN.</li>
+<li>THE TWO SYSTEMS AT PENTONVILLE.</li>
+<li>MAUREL ON THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON.</li>
+</ol>
+
+<p class='center'>JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p class='center'>TO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY)</p>
+
+<p>Of Saturday, April 9, contains Articles on</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Agricultural statistics</li>
+<li>Barley, skinless</li>
+<li>Bean, Wilmot's kidney</li>
+<li>Books reviewed</li>
+<li>Calendar, horticultural</li>
+<li>&mdash;&mdash; agricultural</li>
+<li>Cedar and Deodar</li>
+<li>Celery, Cole's Crystal White</li>
+<li>Cineraria, culture of</li>
+<li>Conifers hurt by frost, by Mr. Cheetham</li>
+<li>Deodar and Cedar</li>
+<li>Drainage, land</li>
+<li>Emigration, Hursthouse on</li>
+<li>Fire at Windsor Castle</li>
+<li>Fish spawn</li>
+<li>Flax</li>
+<li>Flowers, select florist, by Mr. Edwards</li>
+<li>Fruits, names of</li>
+<li>&mdash;&mdash; to preserve</li>
+<li>Heating, by Mr. Lucas (with engravings)</li>
+<li>Horses and oxen, comparative merits of, for agricultural purposes</li>
+<li>Laudanum or opium</li>
+<li>Osiers</li>
+<li>Oxen and horses</li>
+<li>Pig feeding</li>
+<li>Plants, effect of the winter on, by Mr. Henderson</li>
+<li>Plums, American, by Mr. Rivers</li>
+<li>&mdash;&mdash;, Huling's superb, by Mr. Hogg</li>
+<li>Potato tubers</li>
+<li>Poultry Book, by Wingfield and Johnson, rev.</li>
+<li>Preserving fruits</li>
+<li>Rhododendron Dalhousi�</li>
+<li>Royal Botanic Garden, Kew</li>
+<li>Societies, proceedings of the Horticultural, National Floricultural,
+  Agricultural of England</li>
+<li>Soil, robbers of, by Mr. Goodiff</li>
+<li>Statistics, agricultural</li>
+<li>Tecoma grandiflora</li>
+<li>Tree, stem-roots of</li>
+<li>Vines, stem-roots of</li>
+<li>Windsor Castle, fire at</li>
+<li>Winter, effects of</li>
+</ul>
+
+<hr class='short' />
+
+<p>THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in addition
+to the above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and Liverpool
+prices, with returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coat, Timber, Bark,
+Wool, and Seed Markets, and a <em>complete Newspaper, with a condensed
+account of all the transactions of the week</em>.</p>
+
+<p>ORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE, for Advertisements, 5. Upper Wellington
+Street, Covent Garden, London.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' />
+
+<p>Printed by <span class="smcap">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the
+Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the
+Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by <span class="smcap">George
+Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the
+West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street
+aforesaid.&mdash;Saturday, April 16. 1853.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, No. 181, April 16,
+1853, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NO. 181 ***
+
+***** This file should be named 21445-h.htm or 21445-h.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/2/1/4/4/21445/
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Pat A Benoy
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
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+</pre>
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+</body>
+</html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,3629 @@
+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, No. 181, April 16, 1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, No. 181, April 16, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: May 15, 2007 [EBook #21445]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NO. 181 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Pat A Benoy
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
++--------------------------------------------------------------+
+|                                                              |
+| Transcriber's Note: Italicized words, phrases, etc. are      |
+| surrounded by _underline characters_. Greek transliterations |
+| are surrounded by ~tildes~. Diacritical marks over           |
+| characters are bracketed: [=x] indicates a macron over the   |
+| letter, [(x] indicates a breve. Archaic spellings and        |
+| hypenation inconsistancies have been retained.               |
++--------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+{373}
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+No. 181.]
+SATURDAY, APRIL 16. 1853.
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition, 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+NOTES:--                                                       Page
+  "The Shepherd of Banbury's Weather-Rules," by
+    W. B. Rye                                                   373
+  Notes on several misunderstood Words, by the Rev. W.
+    R. Arrowsmith                                               375
+  Lord Coke                                                     376
+  Shakspeare Correspondence, by C. Mansfield Ingleby,
+    &c.                                                         377
+
+  MINOR NOTES:--Alleged Cure for Hydrophobia--Epitaph
+    at Mickleton--Charade attributed to Sheridan--
+    Suggested Reprint of Hearne--Suggestions of Books
+    worthy of being reprinted--Epigram all the Way from
+    Belgium--Derivation of "Canada"--Railway Signals
+    --A Centenarian Trading Vessel                              379
+QUERIES:--
+  Bishop Ken                                                    380
+  MINOR QUERIES:--Canute's Reproof to his Courtiers
+    --The Sign of the Cross in the Greek Church--Rev.
+    Richard Midgley, Vicar of Rochdale, temp. Eliz.--
+    Huet's Navigations of Solomon--Sheriff of Worcestershire
+    in 1781--Tree of the Thousand Images--De
+    Burgh Family--Witchcraft Sermons at Huntingdon--
+    Consort--Creole--Shearman Family--Traitors' Ford
+    --"Your most obedient humble Servant"--Version
+    of a Proverb--Ellis Walker--"The Northerne Castle"
+    --Prayer-Book in French--"Navita Erythraeum," &c.
+    --Edmund Burke--Plan of London--Minchin                     380
+
+  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Leapor's "Unhappy
+    Father"--Meaning of "the Litten" or "Litton"
+    --St. James' Market House                                   382
+
+REPLIES:--
+  Grub Street Journal, by James Crossley                        383
+  Stone Pillar Worship                                          383
+  Autographs in Books                                           384
+  Grindle                                                       384
+  Roger Outlawe, by Dr. J. H. Todd, &c.                         385
+  Prospectus to Cibber's "Lives of the Poets," by James
+    Crossley                                                    386
+  Pic-nic, by John Anthony, M.D., and Henry H. Breen            387
+  Peter Sterry and Jeremiah White, by James Crossley            388
+
+  PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES:--Colouring Collodion
+    Portraits--On some Points in the Collodion
+    Process--Economical Iodizing Process                        388
+
+  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Bishop Juxon's Account
+    of Vendible Books in England--Dutensiana--Vicars-Apostolic
+    --Tombstone in Churchyard--"Her face is
+    like," &c.--Annuellarius--Ship's Painter--True Blue
+    --"Quod fuit esse"--Subterranean Bells--Spontaneous
+    Combustion--Muffs worn by Gentlemen--
+    Crescent--The Author of "The Family Journal"--
+    Parochial Libraries--Sidney as a Christian Name--
+    "Rather"--Lady High Sheriff--Nugget--Epigrams
+    --Editions of the Prayer-Book--Portrait of Pope--
+    Passage in Coleridge--Lowbell--Burn at Croydon               390
+
+MISCELLANEOUS:--
+  Notes on Books, &c.                                            394
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                   394
+  Notices to Correspondents                                      394
+  Advertisements                                                 395
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NOTES.
+
+
+"THE SHEPHERD OF BANBURY'S WEATHER-RULES."
+
+_The Shepherd of Banbury's Rules to judge of the Changes of the
+Weather_, first printed in 1670, was long a favourite book with the
+country gentleman, the farmer, and the peasant. They were accustomed to
+regard it with the consideration and confidence which were due to the
+authority of so experienced a master of the art of prognostication, and
+dismissing every sceptical thought, received his maxims with the same
+implicit faith as led them to believe that if their cat chanced to wash
+her face, rainy weather would be the certain and inevitable result.
+Moreover, this valuable little manual instructed them how to keep their
+horses, sheep, and oxen sound, and prescribed cures for them when
+distempered. No wonder, then, if it has passed through many editions.
+Yet it has been invariably stated that _The Banbury Shepherd_ in fact
+had no existence; was purely an imaginary creation; and that the work
+which passes under his name, "John Claridge," was written by Dr. John
+Campbell, the Scottish historian, who died in 1775. The statements made
+in connexion with this book are curious enough; and it is with a view of
+placing the matter in a clear and correct light that I now trouble you
+with a Note, which will, I hope, tend to restore to this poor
+weather-wise old shepherd his long-lost rank and station among the rural
+authors of England.
+
+I believe that the source of the error is to be traced to the second
+edition of the _Biographia Britannica_, in a memoir of Dr. Campbell by
+Kippis, in which, when enumerating the works of the learned Doctor,
+Kippis says, "He was also the author of _The Shepherd of Banbury's
+Rules_,--a favourite pamphlet with the common people." We next find the
+book down to Campbell as the "author" in Watt's _Bibliotheca
+Britannica_, which is copied both by Chalmers and Lowndes. And so the
+error has been perpetuated, even up to the time of the publication of a
+meritorious _History of Banbury_, by the late Mr. Alfred Beesley, in
+1841. This writer thus speaks of the work:
+
+    "The far-famed shepherd of Banbury is only an apocryphal
+    personage. In 1744 there was published {374} _The Shepherd of
+    Banbury's Rules to judge of the Changes of the Weather, grounded
+    on forty Years' Experience. To which is added, a rational
+    Account of the Causes of such Alterations, the Nature of Wind,
+    Rain, Snow, &c., on the Principles of the Newtonian Philosophy.
+    By John Claridge. London: printed for W. Bickerton, in the
+    Temple Exchange, Fleet Street. Price 1s._ The work attracted a
+    large share of public attention, and deserved it. A second
+    edition appeared in 1748.... It is stated in Kippis's
+    _Biographia Britannica_ that, the real author was Dr. John
+    Campbell, a Scotchman."
+
+In 1770 there appeared _An Essay on the Weather, with Remarks on "The
+Shepherd of Banbury's Rules, &c."_: by John Mills, Esq., F.R.S. Mr.
+Mills observes:
+
+    "Who the shepherd of Banbury was, we know not; nor indeed have
+    we any proof that the rules called his were penned by a real
+    shepherd. Both these points are, however, immaterial; their
+    truth is their best voucher.... Mr. Claridge published them in
+    the year 1744, since which time they are become very scarce,
+    having long been out of print."
+
+Now all these blundering attempts at annihilating the poor shepherd may,
+I think, be accounted for by neither of the above-mentioned writers
+having a knowledge of the original edition, published in 1670, of the
+real shepherd's book (the title of which I will presently give), which
+any one may see in the British Museum library. It has on the title-page
+a slight disfigurement of name, viz. John _Clearidge_; but it is
+_Claridge_ in the Preface. The truth is, that Dr. John Campbell
+_re-published_ the book in 1744, but without affixing his own name, or
+giving any information of its author or of previous editions. The part,
+however, which he bore in this edition is explained by the latter
+portion of the title already given; and still more clearly in the
+Preface. We find authorities added, to give weight to the shepherd's
+remarks; and likewise additional rules in relation to the weather,
+derived from the common sayings and proverbs of the country people, and
+from old English books of husbandry. It may, in short, be called a
+clever scientific commentary on the shepherd's observations. After what
+has been stated, your readers will not be surprised to learn that one
+edition of the work appears in Watt's very inaccurate book under
+CLARIDGE, another under CLEARIDGE, and a third under CAMPBELL. I will
+now speak of the original work: it is a small octavo volume of
+thirty-two pages, rudely printed, with an amusing Preface "To the
+Reader," in which the shepherd dwells with much satisfaction on his
+peculiar vaticinating talents. As this Preface has been omitted in all
+subsequent editions, and as the book itself is extremely scarce, I
+conceive that a reprint of it in your pages may be acceptable to your
+Folk-lore readers. The "Rules" are interlarded with scraps of poetry,
+somewhat after the manner of old Tusser, and bear the unmistakeable
+impress of a "plain, unlettered Muse." The author concludes his work
+with a poetical address "to the antiquity and honour of shepheards." The
+title is rather a droll one, and is as follows:
+
+    "The Shepheard's Legacy: or John Clearidge his forty Years'
+    Experience of the Weather: being an excellent Treatise, wherein
+    is shewed the Knowledge of the Weather. First, by the Rising and
+    Setting of the Sun. 2. How the Weather is known by the Moon. 3.
+    By the Stars. 4. By the Clouds. 5. By the Mists. 6. By the
+    Rainbow. 7. And especially by the Winds. Whereby the Weather may
+    be exactly known from Time to Time: which Observation was never
+    heretofore published by any Author. 8. Also, how to keep your
+    Sheep sound when they be sound. 9. And how to cure them if they
+    be rotten. 10. Is shewed the Antiquity and Honour of Shepheards.
+    With some certain and assured Cures for thy Horse, Cow, and
+    Sheep.
+
+        An Almanack is out at twelve months day,
+        My Legacy it doth endure for aye.
+        But take you notice, though 'tis but a hint,
+        It far excels some books of greater print.
+
+    London: printed and are to be sold by John Hancock, Junior, at
+    the Three Bibles in Popes-head Ally, next Cornhill, 1670."
+
+In the Preface he tells us that--
+
+    "Having been importun'd by sundry friends (some of them being
+    worthy persons) to make publique for their further benefit what
+    they have found by experience to be useful for themselves and
+    others, I could not deny their requests; but was willing to
+    satisfie them, as also my own self, to do others good as well as
+    myself; lest I should hide my talent in a napkin, and my skill
+    be rak'd up with me in the dust. Therefore I have left it to
+    posterity, that they may have the fruit when the old tree is
+    dead and rotten. And because I would not be tedious, I shall
+    descend to some few particular instances of my skill and
+    foreknowledge of the weather, and I shall have done.
+
+    "First, in the year 1665, at the 1st of January, I told several
+    credible persons that the then frost would hold till March, that
+    men could not plow, and so it came to pass directly.
+
+    "2. I also told them that present March, that it would be a very
+    dry summer, which likewise came to pass.
+
+    "3. The same year, in November, I told them it would be a very
+    open winter, which also came to pass, although at that time it
+    was a great snow: but it lasted not a week.
+
+    "4. In the year 1666, I told them that year in March, that it
+    would be a very dry spring; which also came to pass.
+
+    "5. In the year 1667, certaine shepheards ask'd my councel
+    whether they might venture their sheep any more in the
+    Low-fields? I told them they might safely venture them till
+    August next; and they sped very well, without any loss.
+
+    "6. I told them, in the beginning of September the same year,
+    that it would be a south-west wind for two or {375} three months
+    together, and also great store of rain, so that wheat sowing
+    would be very difficult in the Low-fields, by reason of wet;
+    which we have found by sad experience. And further, I told them
+    that they should have not above three or four perfect fair days
+    together till the shortest day.
+
+    "7. In the year 1668, in March, although it was a very dry
+    season then, I told my neighbours that it would be an
+    extraordinary fruitful summer for hay and grass, and I knew it
+    by reason there was so much rain in the latter end of February
+    and beginning of March: for by that I ever judge of the summers,
+    and I look that the winter will be dry and frosty for the most
+    part, by reason that this November was mild: for by that I do
+    ever judge of the winters.
+
+    "Now, I refer you unto the book itself, which will sufficiently
+    inform you of sundry other of my observations. For in the
+    ensuing discourse I have set you down the same rules which I go
+    by myself. And if any one shall question the truth of what is
+    here set down, let them come to me, and I will give them further
+    satisfaction.
+
+    JOHN CLARIDGE, SEN.
+
+    "Hanwell, near Banbury."
+
+It appears, from inquiries made in the neighbourhood, that the name of
+Claridge is still common at Hanwell, a small village near Banbury--that
+"land o'cakes,"--and that last century there was a John Claridge, a
+small farmer, resident there, who died in 1758, and who might have been
+a grandson of the "far-famed," but unjustly defamed, "shepherd of
+Banbury."
+
+_Apropos_ of the "cakes" for which this flourishing town has long been
+celebrated, I beg to inform your correspondent ERICA (Vol. vii., p.
+106.) and J. R. M., M.A. (p. 310.) that there is a receipt "how to make
+a very good Banbury cake," printed as early as 1615, in Gervase
+Markham's _English Hus-wife_.
+
+W. B. RYE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NOTES ON SEVERAL MISUNDERSTOOD WORDS.
+
+(_Continued from_ p. 353.)
+
+_To miss_, to dispense with. This usage of the verb being of such
+ordinary occurrence, I should have deemed it superfluous to illustrate,
+were it not that the editors of Shakspeare, according to custom, are at
+a loss for examples:
+
+
+    "We cannot _miss_ him."
+
+    _The Tempest_, Act I. Sc. 2. (where see Mr. Collier's note, and
+    also Mr. Halliwell's, Tallis's edition).
+
+    "All which things being much admirable, yet this is most, that
+    they are so profitable; bringing vnto man both honey and wax,
+    each so wholesome that we all desire it, both so necessary that
+    we cannot _misse_ them."--_Euphues and his England._
+
+    "I will have honest valiant souls about me;
+    I cannot _miss_ thee."
+
+    Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Mad Lover_, Act II. Sc. 1.
+
+    "The blackness of this season cannot _miss_ me."
+
+    The second _Maiden's Tragedy_, Act V. Sc. 1.
+
+    "All three are to be had, we cannot _miss_ any of them."--Bishop
+    Andrewes, "A Sermon prepared to be preached on Whit Sunday, A.D.
+    1622," _Library of Ang.-Cath. Theology_, vol. iii. p. 383.
+
+    "For these, for every day's dangers we cannot _miss_ the
+    hand."--"A Sermon preached before the King's Majesty at
+    Burleigh, near Oldham, A.D. 1614," _Id._, vol. iv. p. 86.
+
+    "We cannot _miss_ one of them; they be necessary all."--_Id._,
+    vol. i. p. 73.
+
+It is hardly necessary to occupy further room with more instances of so
+familiar a phrase, though perhaps it may not be out of the way to
+remark, that _miss_ is used by Andrewes as a substantive in the same
+sense as the verb, namely, in vol. v. p. 176.: the more usual form being
+_misture_, or, earlier, _mister_. Mr. Halliwell, in his _Dictionary_,
+most unaccountably treats these two forms as distinct words; and yet,
+more unaccountably, collecting the import of _misture_ for the context,
+gives it the signification of misfortune!! He quotes Nash's _Pierce
+Pennilesse_; the reader will find the passage at p. 47. of the
+Shakspeare Society's reprint. I subjoin another instance from vol. viii.
+p. 288. of Cattley's edition of Foxe's _Acts and Monuments_:
+
+    "Therefore all men evidently declared at that time, both how
+    sore they took his death to heart; and also how hardly they
+    could away with the _misture_ of such a man."
+
+In Latin, _desidero_ and _desiderium_ best convey the import of this
+word.
+
+_To buckle_, bend or bow. Here again, to their great discredit be it
+spoken, the editors of Shakspeare (Second Part of _Hen. IV._, Act I. Sc.
+1.) are at fault for an example. Mr. Halliwell gives one in his
+_Dictionary_ of the passive participle, which see. In Shakspeare it
+occurs as a neuter verb:
+
+                    "... And teach this body,
+    To bend, and these my aged knees to _buckle_,
+    In adoration and just worship to you."
+        Ben Jonson, _Staple of News_, Act II. Sc. 1.
+
+    "For, certainly, like as great stature in a natural body is some
+    advantage in youth, but is but burden in age: so it is with
+    great territory, which, when a state beginneth to decline, doth
+    make it stoop and _buckle_ so much the faster."--Lord Bacon, "Of
+    the True Greatness of Great Britain," vol. i. p. 504. (Bohn's
+    edition of the _Works_).
+
+And again, as a transitive verb:
+
+    "Sear trees, standing or felled, belong to the lessee, and you
+    have a special replication in the book of 44 E. III., that the
+    wind did but rend them and _buckle_ them."--_Case of Impeachment
+    of Waste_, vol. i. p. 620.
+
+_On the hip_, at advantage. A term of wrestling. So said Dr. Johnson at
+first; but, on second {376} thoughts, referred it to _venery_, with
+which Mr. Dyce consents: both erroneously. Several instances are adduced
+by the latter, in his _Critique of Knight and Collier's Shakspeare_; any
+one of which, besides the passage in _The Merchant of Venice_, should
+have confuted that origin of the phrase. The hip of a chase is no term
+of woodman's craft: the haunch is. Moreover, what a marvellous
+expression, to say, A hound has a chase _on_ the hip, instead of _by_.
+Still more prodigious to say, that a hound _gets_ a chase _on_ the hip.
+One would be loth to impute to the only judicious dramatic commentator
+of the day, a love of contradiction as the motive for quarrelling with
+Mr. Collier's note on this idiom. To the examples alleged by Mr. Dyce,
+the three following may be added; whereof the last, after the opinion of
+Sir John Harington, rightly refers the origin of the metaphor to
+wrestling:
+
+    "The Divell hath them _on the hip_, he may easily bring them to
+    anything."--_Michael and the Dragon_, by D. Dike, p. 328.
+    (_Workes_, London, 1635).
+
+    "If he have us at the advantage, _on the hip_ as we say, it is
+    no great matter then to get service at our hands."--Andrewes, "A
+    Sermon preached before the King's Majesty at Whitehall, 1617,"
+    _Library of Ang.-Cath. Theology_, vol. iv. p. 365.
+
+    "Full oft the valiant knight his hold doth shift,
+     And with much prettie sleight, the same doth slippe;
+     In fine he doth applie one speciall drift,
+     Which was to get the Pagan on the _hippe_:
+     And hauing caught him right, he doth him lift,
+     By nimble sleight, and in such wise doth trippe:
+     That downe he threw him, and his fall was such,
+     His head-piece was the first that ground did tuch."
+       Sir John Harington's Translation of _Orlando
+          Furioso_, Booke xlvi. Stanza 117.
+
+In some editions, the fourth line is printed "_namely_ to get," &c.,
+with other variations in the spelling of the rest of the stanza.
+
+W. R. ARROWSMITH.
+
+(_To be continued._)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LORD COKE.
+
+Turning over some old books recently, my attention was strongly drawn to
+the following:
+
+    "The Lord Coke, his Speech and Charge, with a Discouerie of the
+    Abuses and Corruptions of Officers. 8vo. Lond. N. Butter, 1607."
+
+This curious piece appears to have been published by one R. P.[1], who
+describes himself, in his dedication to the Earl of Exeter, as a "poore,
+dispised, pouertie-stricken, hated, scorned, and vnrespected souldier,"
+of which there were, doubtless, many in the reign of James the Pacific.
+Lord Coke, in his address to the jury at the Norwich Assizes, gives an
+account of the various plottings of the Papists, from the Reformation to
+the Gunpowder Treason, to bring the land again under subjection to Rome,
+and characterises the schemes and the actors therein as he goes along in
+the good round terms of an out-and-out Protestant. He has also a fling
+at the Puritans, and all such as would disturb the church and hierarchy
+as by law established. But the most remarkable part of the book is that
+which comes under the head of "A Discouerie of the Abuses and Corruption
+of Officers;" and believing an abstract might interest your readers, and
+furnish the antiquary with a reference, I herewith present you with a
+list of the officials and others whom my Lord Coke recommends the
+_Jurie_ to present, assuring them, at the same time, that "by God's
+grace they, the offenders, shall not goe unpunished for their abuses;
+for we have," says he, "a COYFE, which signifies a _scull_, whereby, in
+the execution of justice, wee are defended against all oppositions, bee
+they never so violent."
+
+1. The first gentleman introduced by Lord Coke to the Norwich jury is
+the _Escheator_, who had power to demand upon what tenure a poor yeoman
+held his lands, and is an officer in great disfavour with the judge. He
+gives some curious instances of his imposition, and concludes by
+remarking that, for his rogueries, he were better described by striking
+away the first syllable of his name, the rest truly representing him a
+_cheator_.
+
+2. _The Clarke of the Market_ comes in for his share of Lord Coke's
+denouncements. "It was once," he says, "my hap to take a clarke of the
+market in his trickes; but I aduanst him higher than his father's sonne,
+by so much as from the ground to the toppe of the pillorie" for his
+bribery.
+
+3. "A certaine ruffling officer" called a _Purveyor_, who is
+occasionally found _purveying money_ out of your purses, and is
+therefore, says Lord Coke, "on the highway to the gallowes."
+
+4. As the next officer is unknown in the present day, I give his
+character _in extenso_:
+
+    "There is also a Salt-peter-man, whose commission is not to
+    break vp any man's house or ground without leaue. And not to
+    deale with any house, but such as is vnused for any necessarie
+    imployment by the owner. And not to digge in any place without
+    leauing it smooth and leuell: in such case as he found it. This
+    Salt-peter-man vnder shew of his authoritie, though being no
+    more than is specified, will make plaine and simple people
+    beleeue, that hee will without their leaue breake vp the floore
+    of their dwelling house, vnlesse they will compound with him to
+    the contrary. Any such fellow, if you can meete with all, let
+    his misdemenor be presented, that he may be taught better to
+    vnderstand his office: For by their abuse the country is
+    oftentimes troubled."
+
+5. There is another troublesome fellow called a _Concealor_, who could
+easily be proved no better {377} than a _cosioner_, and whose
+pretensions are to be resisted.
+
+6. A _Promoter_, generally both a beggar and a knave. This is the modern
+informer, "a necessarie office," says Lord Coke, "but rarely filled by
+an honest man."
+
+7. The _Monopolitane_ or _Monopolist_; with these the country was
+overrun in James' reign. "To annoy and hinder the public weale, these
+for their own benefit have sold their lands, and then come to beggarie
+by a _starch_, _vinegar_, or _aqua vitae_ monopoly, and justly too," adds
+his lordship.
+
+8. Lord Coke has no objection to those _golden fooles_, the _Alcumists_,
+so long as they keep to their _metaphisicall_ and _Paracelsian_ studies;
+but _science is felony committed by any comixture to multiply either
+gold or silver_; the alchymist is therefore a suspected character, and
+to be looked after by the jury.
+
+9. Vagrants to be resolutely put down, the Statute against whom had
+worked well.
+
+10. The stage-players find no favour with this stern judge, who tells
+the jury that as they, the players, cannot perform without leave, it is
+easy to be rid of them, remarking, _that the country is much troubled by
+them_.
+
+11. Taverns, Inns, Ale-houses, Bowling Allies, and such like thriftless
+places of resort for tradesmen and artificers, to be under strict
+surveillance.
+
+12. Gallants, or riotous young gents, to be sharply looked after, and
+their proceedings controlled.
+
+13. Gentlemen with greyhounds and birding-pieces, who would elude the
+_statutes against gunnes_, to be called to account "for the
+shallow-brain'd idlenesse of their ridiculous foolery."
+
+14. The statute against _ryotous expence in apparel_ to be put in force
+against _unthriftie infractors_.
+
+There is room here for a few Queries, but I content myself with asking
+for a further reference to No. 4., "The Salt-peter-man."
+
+J. O.
+
+   [Footnote 1: No doubt the author of an ultra-Protestant poem,
+   entitled _Times Anatomie, made by Robert Prickett, a Souldier_.
+   Imprinted, 1606.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Dogberry's Losses or Leases._--_Much Ado about Nothing_, Act IV. Sc.
+4.:
+
+    "_Dogberry._ A rich fellow enough, go to: and a fellow that hath
+    had losses; and one that hath two gowns, and everything handsome
+    about him."
+
+I can quite sympathise with the indignation of some of my cotemporaries
+at the alteration by MR. PAYNE COLLIER'S mysterious corrector, of
+"losses" into "leases." I am sorry to see a reading which we had
+cherished without any misgiving as a bit of Shaksperian quaintness, and
+consecrated by the humour of Gray and Charles Lamb, turned into a clumsy
+misprint. But we must look at real probabilities, not at fancies and
+predilections. I am afraid "leases" is the likelier word. It has also a
+special fitness, which has not been hitherto remarked. Many of the
+wealthy people of Elizabeth's reign, particularly in the middle class,
+were "fellows that had had leases." It will be recollected that
+extravagant leases or fines were among the methods by which the
+possessions of the church were so grievously dilapidated in the age of
+the Reformation. Those who had a little money to invest, could not do so
+on more advantageous terms than by obtaining such leases as the
+necessity or avarice of clerical and other corporations induced them to
+grant; and the coincident fall in the value of money increased the gain
+of the lessees, and loss of the corporations, to an extraordinary
+amount. Throughout Elizabeth's reign parliament was at work in
+restraining this abuse, by the well-known "disabling acts," restricting
+the power of bishops and corporations to lease their property. The last
+was passed, I think, only in 1601. And therefore a "rich fellow" of
+Dogberry's class was described, to the thorough comprehension and
+enjoyment of an audience of that day, as one who "had _had_ leases."
+
+SCRUTATOR.
+
+May I be allowed a little space in the pages of "N. & Q." to draw MR.
+COLLIER'S attention to some passages in which the old corrector appears
+to me to have corrupted, rather than improved, the text? Possibly on
+second thoughts MR. COLLIER may be induced to withdraw these readings
+from the text of his forthcoming edition of our great poet. I give the
+pages of MR. COLLIER'S recent volume, and quote according to the old
+corrector.
+
+_Two Gentlemen of Verona_, Act II. Sc. 2., p. 21.:
+
+    "That I, unworthy body, as I _can_,
+     Should censure thus a _loving_ gentleman."
+
+_Can_ for _am_ spoils the sense; it was introduced unnecessarily to make
+a perfect rhyme, but such rhymes as _am_ and _man_ were common in
+Shakspeare's time. _Loving_ for _lovely_ is another modernism; _lovely_
+is equivalent to the French _aimable_. "Saul and Jonathan were _lovely_
+and pleasant in their lives," &c. The whole passage, which is indeed
+faulty in the old copies, should, I think, be read thus:
+
+                       "'Tis a passing shame
+          That I, unworthy body that I am,
+          Should censure _on a_ lovely _gentleman_.
+
+    _Jul._ Why not on Proteus as _on_ all the rest?
+
+    _Luc._ Then thus,--of many good I think him best."
+
+_Thus_ crept in after _censure_ from the next line but one. In Julia's
+speech, grammar requires _on_ for _of_.
+
+_Measure for Measure_, Act IV. Sc. 5., p. 52.:
+
+    "For my authority bears _such_ a credent bulk," &c.
+
+Fols. "_of_ a credent bulk," read "_so_ credent bulk."
+
+{378}
+_Much Ado about Nothing_, Act IV. Sc. 1., p 72.:
+
+    "Myself would on the _hazard_ of reproaches
+     Strike at thy life."
+
+When fathers kill their children, they run the risk not merely of being
+reproached, but of being hanged; but this reading is a mere
+sophistication by some one who did not understand the true reading,
+_rearward_. Leonato threatens to take his daughter's life _after having_
+reproached her.
+
+_Taming of the Shrew_, p. 145.:
+
+    "O, yes, I saw sweet beauty in her face,
+     Such as the daughter of _Agenor's race_," &c.
+
+"The daughter of Agenor's race" for "the daughter of Agenor" is awkward,
+but there is a far more decisive objection to this alteration. To
+compare the beauty of Bianca with the beauty of Europa is a legitimate
+comparison; but to compare the beauty of Bianca with Europa herself, is
+of course inadmissible. Here is another corruption introduced in order
+to produce rhyming couplet; restore the old reading, "the daughter of
+Agenor _had_."
+
+_The Winter's Tale_, Act IV. Sc. 2., p. 191.:
+
+    "If, &c., let me be _enrolled_, and any name put in the book of
+          virtue."
+
+We have here an abortive attempt to correct the nonsensical reading of
+the old copies, _unrolled_; but if _enrolled_ itself makes sense, it
+does so only by introducing tautology. Besides, it leads us away from
+what I believe to be the true reading, _unrogued_.
+
+_King John_, Act V. Sc. 7., p. 212.:
+
+    "Death, having prey'd upon the outward parts,
+     Leaves them _unvisited_; and his siege is now
+     Against the mind."
+
+How could death prey upon the king's outward parts without visiting
+them? Perhaps, however, we have here only a corruption of a genuine
+text. Query, "_ill_-visited."
+
+_Troilus and Cressida_, Act I. Sc. 3., p. 331.:
+
+    "And, with an accent tun'd in self-same key,
+     Replies to chiding fortune."
+
+This, which is also Hanmer's reading, certainly makes sense. Pope read
+_returns_. The old copies have _retires_. I believe Shakspeare wrote
+"_Rechides_ to chiding fortune." This puzzled the compositor, who gave
+the nearest common word without regard to the sense.
+
+_Troilus and Cressida_, Act V. Sc. 1., p. 342.--The disgusting speeches
+of Thersites are scarcely worth correcting, much less dwelling upon; but
+there can be little doubt that we should read "male _harlot_" for "male
+_varlet_;" and "preposterous _discoverers_" (not discolourers) for
+"preposterous discoveries."
+
+_Coriolanus_, Act V. Sc. 5., p. 364.:
+
+    "I... holp to reap the fame
+     Which he did _ear_ all his."
+
+To _ear_ is to _plough_. Aufidius complains that he had a share in the
+harvest, while Coriolanus took all the ploughing to himself. We have
+only, however, to transpose _reap_ and _ear_, and this nonsense is at
+once converted into excellent sense. The old corrector blindly copied
+the blunder of a corrupt, but not sophisticated, manuscript. This has
+occurred elsewhere in this collection.
+
+_Antony and Cleopatra_, Act I. Sc. 5., p. 467.:
+
+    "And soberly did mount an _arm-girt_ steed."
+
+This reading was also conjectured by Hanmer. The folios read
+_arme-gaunt_. This appears to me a mere misprint for _rampaunt_, but
+whether _rampaunt_ was Shakspeare's word, or a transcriber's
+sophistication for _ramping_, is more than I can undertake to determine.
+I believe, however, that one of them is the true reading. At one period
+to _ramp_ and to _prance_ seem to have been synonymous. Spenser makes
+the horses of night "fiercely _ramp_," and Surrey exhibits a _prancing_
+lion.
+
+This communication is, I am afraid, already too long for "N. & Q.;" I
+will therefore only add my opinion, that, though the old corrector has
+reported many bad readings, they are far outnumbered by the good ones in
+the collection.
+
+W. N. L.
+
+
+_Mr. Collier's "Notes and Emendations:" Passage in "The Winter's
+Tale."_--At p. 192. of MR. PAYNE COLLIER'S new volume, he cites a
+passage in _The Winter's Tale_, ending--
+
+                    "... I should blush
+    To see you so attir'd, sworn, I think
+    To show myself a glass."
+
+The MS. emendator, he says, reads _so worn_ for _sworn_; and adds:
+
+    "The meaning therefore is, that Florizel's plain attire was 'so
+    worn,' to show Perdita, as in a glass, how simply she ought to
+    have been dressed."
+
+Now MR. COLLIER, in this instance, has not, according to his usual
+practice, alluded to any commentator who has suggested the same
+emendation. The inference would be, that this emendation is a novelty.
+This it is not. It has been before the world for thirty-four years, and
+its merits have failed to give it currency. At p. 142. of Z. Jackson's
+miscalled _Restorations_, 1819, we find this emendation, with the
+following note:
+
+    "_So worn_, i. e. _so reduced_, in your external appearance,
+    that I should think you intended to remind me of my own
+    condition; for, by looking at you thus attired, I behold myself,
+    as it were, reflected in a glass, habited in robes becoming my
+    obscure birth, and equally obscure fortune."
+
+{379}
+Jackson's emendations are invariably bad; but whatever may be thought of
+the sense of Florizel being _so worn_ (instead of his dress), it is but
+fair to give a certain person his due. The passage has long seemed to me
+to have this meaning:
+
+    "But that we are acquiescing in a custom, I should blush to see
+    you, who are a prince, attired like a swain; and still more
+    should I blush to look at myself in the glass, and see a peasant
+    girl pranked up like a princess."
+
+_& more_, in MS., might very easily have been mistaken for _sworn_ by
+the compositor. Accordingly, I would read the complete passage thus:
+
+                  "... But that our feasts
+    In every mess have folly, and the feeders
+    Digest it with a custom, I should blush
+    To see you so attir'd, and more, I think,
+    To show myself a glass."
+
+C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
+
+Birmingham.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MINOR NOTES.
+
+
+_Alleged Cure for Hydrophobia._--From time to time articles have
+appeared in "N. & Q." as to the cure of hydrophobia, a specific for
+which seems still to be a desideratum.
+
+In the _Miscellanea Curiosa_ (vol. iii. p. 346.) is a paper on Virginia,
+from the Rev. John Clayton, rector of Crofton in Wakefield, in which he
+states the particulars of several cures which he had effected of persons
+bitten by mad dogs. His principal remedy seems to have been the
+"volatile salt of amber" every four hours, and in the intervals, "Spec.
+Pleres Archonticon and Rue powdered ana gr. 15." I am not learned enough
+to understand what these drugs are called in the modern nomenclature of
+druggists.
+
+C. T. W.
+
+
+_Epitaph at Mickleton._--The following inscription is copied from a
+monument on the north wall of the chancel of Mickleton Church, co.
+Gloucester:
+
+            "_The Ephitath of John Bonner._
+
+        Heare lyeth in tomed John Bonner by name,
+    Sonne of Bonner of Pebworth, from thence he came.
+          The :17: of October he ended his daies,
+     Pray God that wee leveing may follow his wayes.
+                   1618 by the yeare.
+      Scarce are such Men to be found in this shere.
+          Made and set up by his loveing frend
+        Evens his kindesman and [so I] doe end.
+      John Bonner, Senior. Thomas Evens, Junior.
+                         1618."
+
+The words in brackets are conjectural, the stone at that point being
+much corroded.
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+
+_Charade attributed to Sheridan._--You have given a place to enigmas in
+"N. & Q.," and therefore the following, which has been attributed to R.
+B. Sheridan, may be acceptable. Was he the author?
+
+    "There is a spot, say, Traveller, where it lies,
+     And mark the clime, the limits, and the size,
+     Where grows no grass, nor springs the yellow grain,
+     Nor hill nor dale diversify the plain;
+     Perpetual green, without the farmer's toil,
+     Through all the seasons clothes the favor'd soil,
+     Fair pools, in which the finny race abound,
+     By human art prepar'd, enrich the ground.
+     Not India's lands produce a richer store,
+     Pearl, ivory, gold and silver ore.
+       Yet, Britons, envy not these boasted climes,
+     Incessant war distracts, and endless crimes
+     Pollute the soil:--Pale Avarice triumphs there,
+     Hate, Envy, Rage, and heart-corroding Care,
+     With Fraud and Fear, and comfortless Despair.
+     There government not long remains the same,
+     Nor they, like us, revere a monarch's name.
+     Britons, beware! Let avarice tempt no more;
+     Spite of the wealth, avoid the tempting shore;
+     The daily bread which Providence has given,
+     Eat with content, and leave the rest to heaven."
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+
+_Suggested Reprint of Hearne._--It has often occurred to me to inquire
+whether an association might not be formed for the republication of the
+works edited by Tom Hearne? An attempt was made some years ago by a
+bookseller; and, as only Robert of Gloucester and Peter Langtoft
+appeared, "Printed for Samuel Bagster, in the Strand, 1810," we must
+infer that the spirited publisher was too far in advance of the age, and
+that the attempt did not pay. Probably it never would _as a bookseller's
+speculation_. But might not a society like the Camden be formed for the
+purpose with some probability, in these altered times and by such an
+improved method of proceeding, of placing these curious and valuable
+volumes once more within reach of men of ordinary means? At present the
+works edited by Hearne are rarely to be met with in catalogues, and when
+they do occur, the prices are almost fabulous, quite on the scale of
+those affixed to ancient MSS.
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+
+_Suggestions of Books worthy of being reprinted._--Fabricius,
+_Bibliotheca Latina Mediae et Infimae AEtatis_, 6 vols. 8vo. (Recommended
+in _The Guardian_ newspaper.)
+
+J. M.
+
+
+_Epigram all the way from Belgium._--Should you think the following
+epigram, written in the travellers' book at Hans-sur-Lesse, in Belgium,
+worth preserving, it is at your service:
+
+    "Old Euclid may go to the wall,
+       For we've solved what he never could guess,
+     How the fish in the river are _small_,
+       But the river they live in is _Lesse_."
+
+H. A. B.
+
+
+{380}
+_Derivation of "Canada."_--I send you a cutting from an old newspaper,
+on the derivation of this word:
+
+    "The name of Canada, according to Sir John Barrow, originated in
+    the following circumstances. When the Portuguese, under Gasper
+    Cortcreal, in the year 1500, first ascended the great river St.
+    Lawrence, they believed it was the strait of which they were in
+    search, and through which a passage might be discovered into the
+    Indian Sea. But on arriving at the point whence they could
+    clearly ascertain it was not a strait but a river, they, with
+    all the emphasis of disappointed hopes, exclaimed repeatedly
+    'Canada!'--Here nothing; words which were remembered and
+    repeated by the natives on seeing Europeans arrive in 1534, who
+    naturally conjectured that the word they heard employed so often
+    must denote the name of the country."
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia.
+
+
+_Railway Signals._--An effective communication from the guard to the
+engineman, for the prevention of railway accidents, seems to be an
+important desideratum, which has hitherto baffled the ingenuity of
+philosophers. The only proposed plan likely to be adopted, is that of a
+cord passing below the foot-boards, and placing the valve of the steam
+whistle under the control of the guard. The trouble attending this
+scheme, and the liability to neglect and disarrangement, render its
+success doubtful. What I humbly suggest is, that the guard should be
+provided with an independent instrument which would produce a sound
+sufficiently loud to catch the ear of the engineman. Suppose, for
+instance, that the mouth-piece of a clarionet, or the windpipe of a
+duck, or a metallic imitation, were affixed to the muzzle of an air-gun,
+and the condensed air discharged through the confined aperture; a shrill
+sound would be emitted. Surely, then, a small instrument might be
+contrived upon this principle, powerful enough to arrest the attention
+of the engineer, if not equal to the familiar shriek of the present
+whistle.
+
+It is hoped that this hint will be followed up; that your publication
+will sustain its character by thus providing a medium of
+intercommunication for these worthies, who can respectively lay claim to
+the titles of men of science and men of _letters_, and that some
+experimenter "when found will make a _note_"--a stunning one.
+
+T. C.
+
+
+_A Centenarian Trading Vessel._--There is a small smack now trading in
+the Bristol Channel, in excellent condition and repair, and likely to
+last for many years, called the "Fanny," which was built in 1753. This
+vessel belongs to Porlock, in the port of Bridgewater, and was
+originally built at Aberthaw in South Wales. Can any of your readers
+refer to any other _trading_ vessel so old as this?
+
+ANON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+QUERIES.
+
+
+BISHOP KEN.
+
+At what place, and by what bishop, was he ordained, in 1661? His
+ordination probably took place in the diocese of Oxford, London,
+Winchester, or Worcester. The discovery of it has hitherto baffled much
+research.
+
+Jon Ken, an elder brother of the Bishop, was Treasurer of the East India
+Company in 1683. Where can anything be learned of him? Is there any
+mention of him in the books of the East India Company? Was he the Ken
+mentioned in Roger North's _Lives of the Norths_, as one of the
+court-rakes? When did he die, and where was he buried? This Jon Ken
+married Rose, the daughter of Sir Thomas Vernon, of Coleman Street, and
+by her is said (by Hawkins) to have had a daughter, married to the
+Honorable Christopher Frederick Kreienberg, Hanoverian Resident in
+London. Did M. Kreienberg die in this country, or can anything be
+ascertained of him or his wife?
+
+The Bishop wrote to James II. a letter of intercession on behalf of the
+rebels in 1685. Can this letter be found in the State-Paper Office, or
+elsewhere?
+
+In answer to a sermon preached by Bishop Ken, on 5th May, 1687, one F.
+I. R., designating himself "a most loyal Irish subject of the _Company
+of Jesuits_," wrote some "Animadversions." Could this be the "fath. Jo.
+Reed," a _Benedictine_, mentioned in the Life of A. Wood, under date of
+July 21, 1671? Father Reed was author of _Votiva Tabula_. Can any one
+throw any light on this?
+
+J. J. J.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MINOR QUERIES.
+
+
+_Canute's Reproof to his Courtiers._--Opposite the Southampton Docks, in
+the Canute Road, is the Canute Hotel, with this inscription in front:
+"Near this spot, A.D. 1028, Canute reproved his courtiers." The building
+is of very recent date.
+
+Query, Is there any and what authority for the statement?
+
+SALOPIAN.
+
+
+_The Sign of the Cross in the Greek Church._--The members of the Greek
+Church sign themselves with the sign of the cross in a different manner
+from those of the Western Church. What is the difference?
+
+J. C. B.
+
+
+_Reverend Richard Midgley, Vicar of Rochdale, temp. Eliz._--Dr. T. D.
+Whitaker mentions, in a note in his _Life of Sir George Radcliffe,
+Knt._, p. 4., 4to. 1810, that at an obscure inn in North Wales he once
+met with a very interesting account of Midgley in a collection of lives
+of pious persons, {381} made about the time of Charles I.; but adds,
+that he had forgotten the title, and had never since been able to obtain
+the book. Can any reader of "N. & Q." identify this "collection," or
+furnish any particulars of Midgley not recorded by Brook, Calamy, or
+Hunter?
+
+F. R. R.
+
+
+_Huet's Navigations of Solomon._--Can you or any of your readers inform
+me if the treatise referred to in the accompanying extract was ever
+published? and, if so, what was the result as to the assertions there
+made?
+
+_The History of the Commerce and Navigation of the Ancients. Written in
+French by Monsieur Huet, Bishop of Avranches. Made English from the
+Paris Edition. London: Printed for B. Lintot, between the Temple Gates,
+in Fleet Street, and Mears, at the Lamb, without Temple Bar._ 1717.
+
+    "2dly. It is here we must lay down the most important remark, in
+    point of commerce; and I shall undeniably establish the truth of
+    it in a treatise which I have begun concerning the navigations
+    of Solomon, that the Cape of Good Hope was known, often
+    frequented, and doubled in Solomon's time, and so it was
+    likewise for many years after; and that the Portuguese, to whom
+    the glory of this discovery has been attributed, were not the
+    first that found out this place, but mere secondary
+    discoverers."--P. 20.
+
+EDINA.
+
+Edinburgh.
+
+
+_Sheriff of Worcestershire in 1781._--Will any one of your
+correspondents inform me who was sheriff of Worcestershire in the year
+1781*, and give his arms, stating the source of his knowledge on these
+points, to much oblige
+
+Y.
+
+    [* John Darke of Breedon, Esq. See Nash's _Worcestershire_,
+    Supplement, p. 102.--ED.]
+
+_Tree of the Thousand Images._--Father Huc, in his journey to Thibet,
+gives an account of a singular tree, bearing this title, and of which
+the peculiarity is that its leaves and bark are covered with
+well-defined characters of the Thibetian alphabet. The tree seen by MM.
+Huc and Gabet appeared to them to be of great {385} age, and is said by
+the inhabitants to be the only one of its kind known in the country.
+According to the account given by these travellers, the letters would
+appear to be formed by the veins of the leaves; the resemblance to
+Thibetian characters was such as to strike them with astonishment, and
+they were inclined at first to suspect fraud, but, after repeated
+
+observations, arrived at the conclusion that none existed. Do botanists
+know or conjecture anything about this tree?
+
+C. W. G.
+
+
+_De Burgh Family._--I shall feel much obliged for references to the
+early seals of the English branch of the family of De Burgh, descended
+from Harlowen De Burgh, and Arlotta, mother of William the Conqueror,
+especially of that English branch whose armorial bearings were--Or a
+cross gules: also for information whether the practice, in reference to
+the spelling of names, was such as to render _Barow_, of the latter part
+of the fifteenth century, Aborough some fifty years afterwards.
+
+E. D. B.
+
+
+_Witchcraft Sermons at Huntingdon._--In an article on Witchcraft in the
+_Retrospective Review_ (vol. v. p. 121.), it is stated that, in 1593--
+
+    "An old man, his wife and daughter, were accused of bewitching
+    the five children of a Mr. Throgmorton, several servants, the
+    lady of Sir Samuel Cromwell, and other persons.... They were
+    executed, and their goods, which were of the value of forty
+    pounds, being escheated to Sir S. Cromwell, as lord of the
+    manor, he gave the amount to the mayor and aldermen of
+    Huntingdon, for a rent-charge of forty shillings yearly, to be
+    paid out of their town lands, for an annual lecture upon the
+    subject of witchcraft, to be preached at their town every
+    Lady-Day, by a doctor or bachelor of divinity, of Queen's
+    College, Cambridge."
+
+Is this sum yet paid, and the sermon still preached, or has it fallen
+into disuse now that it is unpopular to believe in witchcraft and
+diabolic possession? Have any of the sermons been published?
+
+EDWARD PEACOCK, Junior.
+
+Bottesford, Kirton in Lindsey.
+
+
+_Consort._--A former correspondent applied for a notice of Mons.
+Consort, said to have been a mystical impostor similar to the famous
+Cagliostro. I beg to renew the same inquiry.
+
+A. N.
+
+
+_Creole._--This word is variously represented in my Lexicons. Bailey
+says, "The descendant of an European, born in America," and with him
+agree the rest, with the exception of the _Metropolitana_; that
+Encyclopaedia gives the meaning, "The descendant of an European and an
+American Indian." A friend advocating the first meaning derives the word
+from the Spanish. Another friend, in favour of the second meaning,
+derives it originally from ~kerannumi~, _to mix_; which word is
+fetched, perhaps far-fetched, from ~keras~, the horn in which
+liquors are _mixed_. Light on this word would be acceptable.
+
+GILBERT N. SMITH.
+
+
+_Shearman Family._--Is there a family named _Shearman_ or _Sherman_ in
+Yorkshire, or in the city of York? What are their arms? Is there any
+record of any of that family settling in Ireland, in the county or city
+of Kilkenny, about the middle of the seventeenth century, or at an
+earlier period in Cork? Are there any genealogical records of them? Was
+Robert Shearman, warden of the hospital of St. Cross in Winchester, of
+that family? Was Roger Shearman, who signed the Declaration {382} of
+American Independence, a member of same? Is there any record of three
+brothers, Robert, Oliver, and Francis Shearman, coming to England in the
+army of William the Conqueror?
+
+JOHN F. SHEARMAN.
+
+Kilkenny.
+
+
+_Traitors' Ford._--There is a place called Traitors' Ford on the borders
+of Warwickshire and Oxfordshire, near the source of the little river
+Stour, about two miles from the village of Whichford, in the former
+county. What is the origin of the name? There is no notice of it in
+Dugdale's _Warwickshire_, nor is it mentioned in the older maps of the
+county of Warwick. The vicinity to the field of Edge-Hill would lead one
+to suppose it may be connected with some event of the period of the
+Civil Wars.
+
+SPES.
+
+
+"_Your most obedient humble Servant._"--In Beloe's _Anecdotes of
+Literature_, vol. ii. p. 93., mention is made of a poem entitled _The
+Historie of Edward the Second, surnamed Carnarvon_. The author, Sir
+Francis Hubert, in 1629, when closing the dedication of this poem to his
+brother, Mr. Richard Hubert, thus remarks:
+
+    "And so, humbly desiring the Almighty to blesse you both in
+    soule, body, and estate, I rest not your _servant_, according to
+    the _new_, and fine, but false phrase of the time, but in honest
+    old English, your loving brother and true friend for ever."
+
+Query, At what time, and with whom did this very common and most
+unmeaning term in English correspondence have its origin?
+
+W. W.
+
+Malta.
+
+
+_Version of a Proverb._--What, and where to be found, is the true
+version of "Qui facit per alium, facit per se?"
+
+P. J. F. GANTILLON, B.A.
+
+
+_Ellis Walker._--Can any reader of "N. & Q." give any information as to
+Ellis Walker, who made a _Poetical Paraphrase of the Enchiridion of
+Epictetus_? He dedicates it to "his honoured uncle, Mr. Samuel Walker of
+York," and speaks of having taken Epictetus for his companion when he
+fled from the "present troubles in Ireland." My edition is printed in
+London, 1716, but of what edition is not mentioned; but I presume the
+work to have been of earlier date, probably in 1690-1, as indeed I find
+it to have been, by inserted addresses to the author, of date in the
+latter year. Any information as to the translator will oblige.
+
+A. B. R.
+
+Belmont.
+
+
+"_The Northerne Castle._"--Pepys, in his _Diary_, 14th September, 1667,
+says, "To the King's playhouse, to see _The Northerne Castle_, which I
+think I never did see before." Is anything known of this play and its
+authorship? or was it _The Northern Lass_, by Richard Brome, first
+published in 1632? Perhaps Pepys has quoted the second title of some
+play.
+
+J. Y.
+
+
+_Prayer-Book in French._--Can any of your readers give some satisfactory
+information respecting the earliest translations of the English
+Prayer-Book into French? By whom, when, for whom, were they first made?
+Does any copy still exist of one (which I have seen somewhere alluded
+to) published before Dean Durel's editions? By what authority have they
+been put forth? Is there any information to be found collected by any
+writer on this subject?
+
+O. W. J.
+
+
+_"Navita Erythraeum," &c._--Running the risk of being smiled at for my
+ignorance, I wish to have a reference to the following lines:
+
+    "Navita Erythraeum pavidus qui navigat aequor,
+     In prorae et puppis summo resonantia pendet
+     Tintinnabula; eo sonitu praegrandia Cete,
+     Balenas, et monstra marina a navibus arcet."
+
+H. T. ELLACOMBE.
+
+
+_Edmund Burke._--Can any of your correspondents tell me when and where
+he was married?
+
+B. E. B.
+
+
+_Plan of London._--Is there any good plan of London, showing its present
+extent? The answer is, None. What is more, there never was a decent plan
+of this vast metropolis. There is published occasionally, on a small
+sheet of paper, a wretched and disgraceful pretence to one, bedaubed
+with paint. Can you explain the cause of this? Every other capital in
+Europe has handsome plans, easy to be obtained: nay more, almost every
+provincial town, whether in this country or on the Continent, possesses
+better engraved and more accurate plans than this great capital can
+pretend to. Try and use your influence to get this defect supplied.
+
+L. S. W.
+
+
+_Minchin._--Could any of your Irish correspondents give me any
+information with regard to the sons of Col. Thomas Walcot (c. 1683), or
+the families of Minchin and Fitzgerald, co. Tipperary, he would much
+oblige
+
+M.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS.
+
+
+_Leapor's "Unhappy Father."_--Can you tell me where the scene of this
+play, a tragedy by Mary Leapor, is laid, and the names of the _dramatis
+personae_? It is to be found in the second volume of _Poems_, by Mary
+Leapor, 8vo. 1751. This authoress was the daughter of a gardener in
+Northamptonshire, and the only education she received consisted in being
+taught reading and writing. She was born in 1722, and died in 1746, at
+the early age of twenty-four. Her poetical {383} merit is commemorated
+in the Rev. John Duncombe's poem of the _Feminead_.
+
+A.Z.
+
+    [The scene, a gentleman's country house. The _dramatis personae_:
+    Dycarbas, the unhappy father; Lycander and Polonius, sons of
+    Dycarbas, in love with Terentia; Eustathius, nephew of Dycarbas,
+    and husband of Emilia; Leonardo, cousin of Eustathius; Paulus,
+    servant of Dycarbas; Plynus, servant to Eustathius; Timnus,
+    servant to Polonius; Emilia, daughter of Dycarbas; Terentia, a
+    young lady under the guardianship of Dycarbas; Claudia, servant
+    to Terentia.]
+
+
+_Meaning of "The Litten" or "Litton."_--This name is given to a small
+piece of land, now pasture, inclosed within the moat of the ancient
+manor of Marwell, formerly Merewelle, in Hants, once the property of the
+see of Winchester. It does not appear to have been ever covered by
+buildings. What is the meaning or derivation of the term? Does the name
+exist in any other place, as applied to a piece of land situated as the
+above-described piece? I have spelt it as pronounced by the bailiff of
+the farm.
+
+W. H. G.
+
+Winchester.
+
+   [Junius and Ray derive it from the Anglo-Saxon lictun,
+   _coemiterium_, a burying-place. Our correspondent, however, will
+   find its etymology discussed in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, vol.
+   lxxviii. pp. 216. 303. and 319.]
+
+
+_St. James' Market House._--In a biography of Richard Baxter, the
+Nonconformist divine, about 1671:
+
+    "Mr. Baxter came up to London, and was one of the Tuesday
+    lecturers at Pinner's Hall, and a Friday lecturer at Fetter
+    Lane; but on Sundays he for some time preached only
+    occasionally, and afterwards more statedly in St. James's Market
+    House."
+
+Where was the Market House situate?
+
+P. T.
+
+    [Cunningham, in his _Handbook of London_, under the head of St.
+    James' Market, Jermyn Street, St. James', tells us that "here,
+    in a room over the Market House, preached Richard Baxter, the
+    celebrated Nonconformist. On the occasion of his first Sermon,
+    the main beam of the building cracked beneath the weight of the
+    congregation." We recollect the old market and Market House,
+    which must have stood on the ground now occupied by Waterloo
+    Place.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+REPLIES.
+
+
+GRUB STREET JOURNAL.
+
+(Vol. vii., pp. 108. 268.)
+
+REGINENSIS has been referred by F. R. A. to Drake's _Essays_ for an
+account of this journal. Drake's account is, however, very incorrect.
+The _Grub Street Journal_ did not terminate, as he states, on the 24th
+August, 1732, but was continued in the original folio size to the 29th
+Dec., 1737; the last No. being 418., instead of 138., as he incorrectly
+gives it. He appears to have supposed that the 12mo. abridgment in two
+volumes contained all the essays in the paper; whereas it did not
+comprise more than a third of them. He mentions as the principal writers
+Dr. Richard Russel and Dr. John Martyn. Budgell, however, in _The Bee_
+(February, 1733) says, "The person thought to be at the head of the
+paper is Mr. R--l (Russel), a nonjuring clergyman, Mr. P--e (Pope), and
+some other gentlemen." Whether Pope wrote in it or not, it seems to have
+been used as a vehicle by his friends for their attacks upon his foes,
+and the war against the Dunces is carried on with great wit and spirit
+in its pages. It is by far the most entertaining of the old newspapers,
+and throws no small light upon the literary history of the time. I have
+a complete series of the journal in folio, as well as of the
+continuation, in a large 4to. form, under the title of _The Literary
+Courier of Grub Street_, which commenced January 5, 1738, and appears to
+have terminated at the 30th No., on the 27th July, 1738. I never saw
+another complete copy. _The Grub Street Journal_ would afford materials
+for many curious and amusing extracts. One very entertaining part of it
+is the "Domestic News," under which head it gives the various and often
+contradictory accounts of the daily newspapers, with a most humorous
+running commentary.
+
+JAMES CROSSLEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+STONE PILLAR WORSHIP.
+
+(Vol. v., p. 122.)
+
+SIR JAMES EMERSON TENNENT, in his learned and curious Note on stone
+worship in Ireland, desires information as to the present existence of
+worship of stone pillars in Orkney. When he says it continued till a
+late period, I suppose he must allude to the standing stone at Stenness,
+perforated by a hole, with the sanctity attached to promises confirmed
+by the junction of hands through the hole, called the promise of Odin.
+Dr. Daniel Wilson enters into this fully in _Praehistoric Annals of
+Scotland_, pp. 99, 100, 101. It has been told myself that if a lad and
+lass promised marriage with joined hands through the hole, the promise
+was held to be binding. Whence the sanctity attached to such a promise I
+could not ascertain to be known, and I did not hear of any other
+superstition connected with this stone, which was destroyed in 1814. In
+the remote island of North Ronaldshay is another standing stone,
+perforated by a hole, but there is no superstition of this nature
+attached to it. At the Yule time the inhabitants danced about it, and
+when there were yule dancings in neighbouring houses, they began the
+dancing at the stone, and danced from the stone all the road to what was
+called to {384} me the dancing-house. The sword dance, with a great
+deal of intricate crossing, and its peculiar simple tune, still exists
+in Orkney, but is not danced with swords, though I heard of clubs or
+sticks having been substituted. There are found in these islands the two
+circles of stones at Stenness, and single standing stones. One of these,
+at Swannay in Birsay, is said by tradition to have been raised to mark
+the spot where the procession rested when carrying the body of St.
+
+Magnus after his murder in Egilshay in 1110, from that island to
+Christ's Kirk in Birsay, where it was first interred. Here is a date and
+a purpose. The single standing stones, in accordance with SIR JAMES'S
+opinion, and to use nearly his expressions, are said to mark the
+burial-places of distinguished men, to commemorate battles and great
+events, and to denote boundaries; and these, and still more the circles,
+are objects of respect as belonging to ages gone by, but principally
+with the educated classes, and there is no superstition remaining with
+any. Such a thing as the swathing stone of South Inchkea is not known to
+have existed. The stones in the two circles, and the single standing
+stones, are all plain; but there was found lately a stone of the
+sculptured symbolical class, inserted to form the base of a window in
+St. Peter's Kirk, South Ronaldshay, and another of the same class in the
+island of Bressay, in Zetland. The first is now in the Museum of
+Scottish Antiquaries in Edinburgh; and the Zetland stone, understood to
+be very curious, is either there or in Newcastle, and both are forming
+the subject of antiquarian inquiry.
+
+W. H. F.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+AUTOGRAPHS IN BOOKS.
+
+(_Continued from_ Vol. vii., p. 255.)
+
+The following are probably trifling, but may be considered worth
+recording. Facing the title-page to _The Works of Mr. Alexander Pope_,
+London, W. Bowyer, for Bernard Lintot, &c., 1717, 8vo., no date at end
+of preface, is in (no doubt) his own hand:
+
+    "To the Right Honorable the Lord Viscount Bolingbroke, from his
+    ever-oblig'd, most faithfull, and affectionate servant, ALEX.
+    POPE."
+
+Cranmer's _Bible_, title gone, but at end, Maye 1541:
+
+    "This Bible was given to me by my ffather Coke when I went to
+    keepe Christmas with him at Holckam, anno Domini 1658. WILL.
+    COBBE."
+
+Sir William Cobbe of Beverley, York, knight, married Winifred, sixth
+daughter of John (fourth son of the chief justice), who was born 9th
+May, 1589.
+
+This copy has, before Joshua and Psalms, a page of engravings, being the
+"seconde" and "thyrde parte;" also before the New Testament, the
+well-known one of Henry VIII. giving the Bible, but the space for
+Cromwell's arms is left blank or white. Cromwell was executed July 1540;
+but do his arms appear in the 1540 impressions?
+
+Cranmer's quarterings are, 1 and 4, Cranmer; 2, six lions r.; 3, fusils
+of Aslacton. In the _Gent. Mag._, vol. lxii. pp. 976. 991., is an
+engraving of a stone of Cranmer's father, with the fusils on his right,
+and Cranmer on his left. The note at p. 991. calls the birds cranes, but
+states that Glover's Yorkshire and other pedigrees have pelicans; and
+Southey (_Book of the Church_, ii. p. 97.) states that Henry VIII.
+altered the cranes to pelicans, telling him that he, like them, should
+be ready to shed his blood. The engraving, however, clearly represents
+drops of blood falling, and those in the Bible appear to be pelicans
+also.
+
+This Bible has the days of the month in MS. against the proper psalms,
+and where a leaf has been repaired, "A.D. 1608, per me Davidem Winsdon
+curate."
+
+A. C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GRINDLE.
+
+(Vol. vii., pp. 107. 307.)
+
+I think I can supply I. E. with another example of the application of
+this name to a place. A few miles east or south-east of Exeter, on the
+borders of a waste tract of down extending from Woodbury towards the
+sea, there is a village which is spelt on the ordnance map, and is
+commonly called, _Greendale_. In strictness there are, I believe, two
+Greendales, an upper and a lower Greendale. A small stream, tributary to
+the Clyst river, flows past them.
+
+Now this place formerly belonged to the family of Aumerle, or Alba
+Marla, as part of the manor of Woodbury. From that family it passed to
+William Briwere, the founder of Tor Abbey, and was by him made part of
+the endowment of that monastery in the reign of Richard I. In the two
+cartularies of that house, of which abstracts will be found in Oliver's
+_Monasticon_, there are many instruments relating to this place, which
+is there called Grendel, Grindel, and Gryndell. In none of them does the
+name of Greendale occur, which appears to be a very recent form. Even
+Lysons, in his _Devonshire_, does not seem to be aware of this mode of
+spelling it, but always adopts one of the old ways of writing the word.
+
+I have not seen the spot very lately, but, according to the best of my
+recollection, it has not now any feature in keeping with the
+mythological character of the fiend of the moor and fen. The
+neighbouring district of down and common land would not be an
+inappropriate habitat for such a personage. It has few trees of any
+pretension to age, and is still covered in great part with a dark and
+scanty vegetation, which is sufficiently dreary except at those seasons
+when the brilliant colours of the blooming heath and dwarf furze give it
+an aspect of remarkable beauty.
+
+Whether the present name of Greendale be a mere corruption of the
+earliest name, or be not, in fact, a restoration of it to its original
+meaning, is a matter which I am not prepared to discuss. As a general
+rule, a sound etymologist will not hastily desert an obvious and trite
+explanation to go in search of a more recondite import. He will not have
+recourse to the devil for the solution of a _nodus_, till he has
+exhausted more legitimate sources of assistance.
+
+The "N. & Q." have readers nearer to the spot in question than I am, who
+may, perhaps, be able to throw some light on the subject, and inform us
+whether Greendale still possesses the trace of any of those natural
+features which would justify the demoniacal derivation proposed by I. E.
+It must not, however, be forgotten that three centuries and a half of
+laborious culture bestowed upon the property by the monks of Tor, must
+have gone far to exorcise and reclaim it.
+
+E. S.
+
+Some years ago I asked the meaning of _Grindle_ or _Grundle_, as applied
+to a deep, narrow watercourse at Wattisfield in Suffolk. The Grundle
+lies between the high road and the "Croft," adjoining a mansion which
+once belonged to the Abbots of Bury. The clear and rapid water was
+almost hidden by brambles and underwood; and the roots of a row of fine
+trees standing in the Croft were washed bare by its winter fury. The
+bank on that side was high and broken; the bed of the Grundle I observed
+to lie above the surface of the road, on the opposite side of which the
+ground rises rapidly to the table land of clay. My fancy instantly
+suggested a river flowing through this hollow, and the idea was
+strengthened by the appearance of the landscape. The village stands on
+irregular ground, descending by steep slopes into narrow valleys and
+contracted meadows. I can well imagine that water was an enemy or
+"fiend" to the first settlers, and I was told that in winter the Grundle
+is still a roaring brook.
+
+I find I have a Note that "in Charters, places bearing the name Grendel
+are always connected with water."
+
+F. C. B.
+
+Diss.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ROGER OUTLAWE.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 332.)
+
+MR. ELLACOMBE will find some account of this personage, who was Prior of
+Kilmainham, and for several years served the office of Lord Justice of
+Ireland, in Holinshed's _Chronicles of Ireland_, sub anno 1325, _et
+seq._: also in "The Annals of Ireland," in the second volume of Gibson's
+_Camden_, 3rd edition, sub eod. anno. He was nearly related to the lady
+Alice Kettle, and her son William Utlawe, al. Outlaw; against whom that
+singular charge of sorcery was brought by Richard Lederede, Bishop of
+Ossory. The account of this charge is so curious that, for the benefit
+of those readers of "N. & Q." who may not have the means of referring to
+the books above cited, I am tempted to extract it from Holinshed:
+
+    "In these daies lived, in the Diocese of Ossorie, the Ladie
+    Alice Kettle, whome the Bishop ascited to purge hir selfe of the
+    fame of inchantment and witchcraft imposed unto hir, and to one
+    Petronill and Basill, hir complices. She was charged to have
+    nightlie conference with a spirit called Robin Artisson, to
+    whome she sacrificed in the high waie nine red cocks, and nine
+    peacocks' eies. Also, that she swept the streets of Kilkennie
+    betweene compleine and twilight, raking all the filth towards
+    the doores of hir sonne William Outlaw, murmuring and muttering
+    secretlie with hir selfe these words:
+
+    "'To the house of William my sonne
+     Hie all the wealth of Kilkennie towne.'
+
+    "At the first conviction, they abjured and did penance; but
+    shortlie after, they were found in relapse, and then was
+    Petronill burnt at Kilkennie: the other twaine might not be
+    heard of. She, at the hour of hir death, accused the said
+    William as privie to their sorceries, whome the bishop held in
+    durance nine weeks; forbidding his keepers to eat or to drinke
+    with him, or to speake to him more than once in the daie. But at
+    length, thorough the sute and instance of Arnold le Powre, then
+    seneschall of Kilkennie, he was delivered, and after corrupted
+    with bribes the seneschall to persecute the bishop: so that he
+    thrust him into prison for three moneths. In rifling the closet
+    of the ladie, they found a wafer of sacramentall bread, having
+    the divel's name stamped thereon insteed of Jesus Christ's; and
+    a pipe of ointment, wherewith she greased a staffe, upon which
+    she ambled and gallopped thorough thicke and thin when and in
+    what maner she listed. This businesse about these witches
+    troubled all the state of Ireland the more; for that the ladie
+    was supported by certeine of the nobilitie, and lastlie conveied
+    over into England; since which time it could never be understood
+    what became of hir."
+
+Roger Outlawe, the Prior of Kilmainham, was made Lord Justice for the
+first time in 1327. The Bishop of Ossory was then seeking his revenge on
+Arnold le Powre, for he had given information against him as being--
+
+    "Convented and convicted in his consistorie of certeine
+    hereticall opinions; but because the beginning of Powres
+    accusation concerned the justice's kinsman, and the bishop was
+    mistrusted to prosecute his owne wrong, and the person of the
+    man, rather than the fault, a daie was limited for the
+    justifieing of the bill, the partie being apprehended and
+    respited thereunto. This dealing the bishop (who durst not
+    stirre out of {386} Kilkennie to prosecute his accusation) was
+    reputed parciall: and when by meanes hereof the matter hanged in
+    suspense, he infamed the said prior as an abettor and favourer
+    of Arnold's heresie. The Prior submitted himselfe to the trial."
+
+Proclamation was made, "That it should be lawful for anie man ... to
+accuse, &c. the Lord Justice; but none came." In the end, six
+inquisitors were appointed to examine the bishops and other persons, and
+they--
+
+    "All with universal consent deposed for the Prior, affirming
+    that (to their judgements) he was a zelous and a faithfull child
+    of the Catholike Church. In the meane time, Arnold le Powre, the
+    prisoner, deceased in the castell; and because he stood
+    unpurged, long he laie unburied."
+
+In 1332, William Outlawe is said to have been Prior of Kilmainham, and
+lieutenant of John Lord Darcie, Lord Justice.
+
+This Bishop of Ossorie, Richard Lederede, was a minorite of London: he
+had a troubled episcopate, and was long in banishment in England. I have
+met with his name in the Register of Adam de Orlton, Bishop of
+Winchester, where he is recorded as assisting that prelate in some of
+his duties, A.D. 1336. He died however peaceably in his see, and was a
+benefactor to his cathedral. (See Ware's _History of Ireland_.)
+
+W. H. G.
+
+Winchester.
+
+    [It may be added, that much information respecting both Roger
+    Outlawe and the trial of Alice Kyteler would be found in the
+    interesting volume published by the Camden society in 1842,
+    under the editorship of Mr. Wright, entitled _Proceedings
+    against Dame Alice Kyteler, prosecuted for Sorcery in 1324_.]
+
+Your correspondent H. T. ELLACOMBE asks who this Roger Outlawe was, and
+expresses his surprise that a prior of a religious house should "sit as
+_locum tenens_ of a judge in a law court."
+
+But the words "tenens locum Johannis Darcy le cosyn justiciarii
+Hiberniae" do not imply that Outlawe sat as _locum tenens_ of a judge in
+a law court. For this Sir John Darcy was Lord Justice, or Lord
+Lieutenant (as we would now say), of Ireland, and Roger Outlawe was his
+_locum tenens_.
+
+Nothing, however, was more common at that period than for ecclesiastics
+to be judges in law courts; and it happens that this very Roger was Lord
+Chancellor of Ireland in 1321 to 1325, and again, 1326--1330: again,
+1333: again (a fourth time), 1335: and a fifth time in 1339: for even
+then, as now, we were cursed in Ireland by perpetual changes of
+administration and of law officers, so that we have scarcely had any
+uniform practice, and our respect for law has been proportionally small.
+
+Sir John Darcy was Lord Justice, or Lord Lieutenant, in 1322, in 1324,
+in 1328 (in which year Roger Outlawe was his _locum tenens_ during his
+absence), in 1322, and on to 1340.
+
+Roger Outlawe was Lord Justice, either in his own right or as _locum
+tenens_ for others, in 1328, 1330, and 1340, in which last year he died
+in office. His death is thus recorded in Clyn's _Annals_ (edited by Dean
+Butler for the Irish Archaeological Society), p. 29.:
+
+    "Item die Martis, in crastino beatae Agathae virginis, obiit
+    frater Rogerus Outlawe, prior hospitalis in Hibernia, apud Any,
+    tunc locum justiciarii tenens: et etiam Cancellarius Domini
+    Regis, trium simul functus officio. Vir prudens et graciosus,
+    qui multas possessiones, ecclesias, et redditus ordini suo
+    adquisivit sua industria, et regis Angliae gratia speciali et
+    licentia."
+
+To this day, in the absence of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, _Lords
+Justices_ are appointed.
+
+J. H. TODD.
+
+Trin. Coll., Dublin.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PROSPECTUS TO CIBBER'S "LIVES OF THE POETS."
+
+(Vol. v., pp. 25. 65.; Vol. vii., p. 341.)
+
+I am obliged to DR. RIMBAULT for noticing, what had escaped me, that
+this Prospectus has been reprinted in the _Censura Literaria_, vol. vi.
+p. 352. With respect to my ground for attributing it to Johnson, it
+will, I think, be obvious enough to any one who reads my remarks, that
+it was on the internal evidence alone, on which, as every one is aware,
+many additions have been made to his acknowledged compositions. Your
+correspondent C., with whom I always regret to differ, is so far at
+variance with me as to state it as his opinion that "nothing can be less
+like Johnson's peculiar style," and refers me to a note, with which I
+was perfectly familiar, to show--but which I must say I cannot see that
+it does in the slightest degree--"that it is impossible that Johnson
+could have written this Prospectus." Another correspondent, whose
+communication I am unable immediately to refer to, likewise recorded his
+dissent from my conclusion. Next follows DR. RIMBAULT, whom I understand
+to differ from me also, and who says (but where is the authority for the
+statement?) "Haslewood believed it to have been the production of
+Messrs. Cibber and Shields." I have every respect for Haslewood as a
+diligent antiquary, but I confess I do not attach much weight to his
+opinion on a question of critical taste or nice discrimination of style.
+I had, as I have observed, assigned the Prospectus to Dr. Johnson on the
+internal evidence alone; but since it appeared in "N. & Q." I have
+become aware of an important corroboration of my opinion in a copy of
+Cibber's _Lives_ which formerly belonged to Isaac Reed, and which I have
+recently purchased. At the beginning of the first volume he has pasted
+in the Prospectus, and under it is the following note in his {387}
+handwriting: "The above advertisement was written or revised by Dr.
+Johnson.--J. R." Reed's general correctness and capacity of judging in
+literary matters are too well known to render it necessary for me to
+enlarge upon them; and with this support I am quite content to leave the
+point in issue between your correspondents and myself to the decision of
+that part of your readers who take an interest in similar literary
+questions.
+
+It will be observed that I have confined myself in my remarks to the
+Prospectus exclusively. The authorship of the _Lives_ themselves is
+another question, and a very curious one, and not, by any means, as your
+correspondent C. appears to think, "settled." Perhaps I may, on a future
+occasion, trouble you with some remarks upon the _Lives_ in detail,
+endeavouring to assign the respective portions to the several
+contributors.
+
+JAMES CROSSLEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PIC-NIC.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 23.)
+
+As I consider that the true origin of _pic-nic_ remains yet to be
+discovered, permit me to try and trace the word through France into
+Italy, and to endeavour to show that the land with the "fatal gift of
+beauty" was its birthplace; and that when the Medici married into
+France, the august ladies probably imported, together with fans, gloves,
+and poisons, a pastime which, under the name of _pique-nique_, became,
+as Leroux says in his _Dictionnaire Comique_, "un divertissement fort a
+la mode a Paris."
+
+I will not occupy space by quoting the article "at length" from Leroux,
+but the substance is this:--Persons of quality, of both sexes, who
+wished to enjoy themselves, and feast together, either in the open air
+or in the house of one of the number, imposed upon each one the task of
+bringing some particular article, or doing some particular duty in
+connexion with the feast. And to show how stringent was the expression
+_pique-nique_ in imposing a specific task, Leroux quotes "considerant
+que chacun avait besoin de ses pieces, prononca un _arret_ de
+pique-nique." (_Rec. de Piec. Com._)
+
+Thus, I think Leroux and also Cotgrave show that the word _pique-nique_
+involves the idea of a task, or particular office, undertaken by each
+individual for the general benefit.
+
+Let us now go to Italian, and look at the word _nicchia_. Both from
+Alberti and from Baretti we find it to bear the meaning of "a charge, a
+duty, or an employment;" and if before this word we place the adjective
+_piccola_, we have _piccola nicchia_, "a small task, or trifling service
+to be performed." Now I think no one can fail to see the identity of the
+_meanings_ of the expressions _piccola nicchia_ and _pique-nique_; but
+it remains to show how the words themselves may be identical. Those who
+have been in the habit of reading much of the older Italian authors
+(subsequent to Boccacio) will bear me out in my statement of the
+frequency of contraction of words in familiar use: the plays,
+particularly, show it, from the dialogues in Machiavelli or Goldoni to
+the libretto of a modern opera; so much as to render it very probable
+that _piccola nicchia_ might stand as _picc' nicc'_, just as we
+ourselves have been in the habit of degrading _scandalum magnatum_ into
+_scan. mag._ It only remains now to carry this _picc' nicc'_ into
+France, and, according to what is usual in Gallicising Italian words, to
+change the _c_ or _ch_ into _que_, to have what I started with, viz. the
+_divertissement_ concerning which Leroux enlarges, and in which, I am
+afraid, it may be said I have followed his example.
+
+However, I consider the _Decameron_ of Boccacio as a probable period
+where the temporary queen of the day would impose the _arret_ of
+_pique-nique_ upon her subjects; and when I look over the engravings of
+the manners and customs of the Italians of the Middle Ages, all
+indicating the frequency of the _al fresco_ banquets, and find that
+subsequently Watteau and Lancret revel in similar amusements in France,
+where the personages of the _fete_ manifestly wear Italian-fashioned
+garments; and when we are taught that such parties of pleasure were
+called _pique-niques_, I think it is fair to infer that the expression
+is a Gallicised one from an Italian phrase of the same signification.
+
+I do not know if it will be conceded that I have proved my case
+_positively_, but I might go so far _negatively_ as to show that in no
+other European language can I find any word or words which, having a
+similar sound, will bear an analysis of adaptation; and though there is
+every probability that the custom of _pic-nic_ing obtained in preference
+in the sunny south, there are few, I think, that would rush for an
+explanation into the Eastern languages, on the plea that the Crusaders,
+being in the habit of _al fresco_ banquetting, might have brought home
+the expression _pic-nic_.
+
+JOHN ANTHONY, M.D.
+
+Washwood, Birmingham.
+
+This word would seem to be derived from the French. Wailly, in his
+_Nouveau Vocabulaire_, describes it as "repas ou chacun paye son ecot,"
+a feast towards which each guest contributes a portion of the expense.
+Its etymology is thus explained by Girault-Duvivier, in his _Grammaire
+des Grammaires_:
+
+    "_Pique-nique_, plur. des _pique-nique_: des repas ou ceux qui
+    _piquent_, qui _mangent_, font signe de la tete qu'ils paieront.
+
+    "Les Allemands, dit M. Lemare, ont aussi leur _picknick_, qui a
+    le meme sens que le notre. _Picken_ signifie _piquer_,
+    _becqueter_, et _nicken_ signifie _faire signe de la {388} tete_.
+    _Pique-nique_ est donc, comme _passe-passe_, un compose de deux
+    verbes; Il est dans l'analogie de cette phrase, 'Qui touche,
+    mouille.'"
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PETER STERRY AND JEREMIAH WHITE.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 38.)
+
+Your correspondent's inquiry with respect to the missing MSS. of Peter
+Sterry, which were intended to form a second volume of his posthumous
+works, published without printer's name in 1710, 4to., and of which MSS.
+a list is given in vol. i., does not seem to have led to any result. As
+I feel equal interest with himself in every production of Sterry, I am
+tempted again to repeat the Query, in the hope of some discovery being
+made of these valuable remains. I have no doubt the editor of the
+"Appearance of God to Man," and the other discourses printed in the
+first volume, was R. Roach, who edited Jeremiah White's _Persuasion to
+Moderation_, Lond., 1708, 8vo.; and afterwards published _The Great
+Crisis_, and _The Imperial Standard of Messiah Triumphant_, 1727, 8vo.;
+and probably Sterry's MSS. may be found if Roach's papers can be traced.
+It is curious that a similar loss of MSS. seems to have occurred with
+regard to several of the works of Jeremiah White, who, like Sterry, was
+a chaplain of Cromwell (how well that great man knew how to select
+them!), and, like Sterry, was of that admirable Cambridge theological
+school which Whichcot, John Smith, and Cudworth have made so renowned.
+Neither of these distinguished men have yet, that I am aware of, found
+their way into any biographical dictionary. White is slightly noticed by
+Calamy (vol. ii. p. 57.; vol. iv. p. 85.). Sterry, it appears, died on
+Nov. 19, 1672. White survived him many years, and died in the
+seventy-eighth year of his age, 1707. Of the latter, there is an
+engraved portrait; of the former, none that I know of; nor am I aware of
+the burial-place of either. The works which I have met with of Sterry
+are his seven sermons preached before Parliament, &c., and published in
+different years; his _Rise, Race, and Royalty of the Kingdom of God in
+the Soul of Man_, 1683, 4to.; his _Discourse of the Freedom of the Will_
+(a title which does not by any means convey the character of the book),
+Lond., 1675, fol.; and the 4to. before mentioned, being vol. i. of his
+_Remains_, published in 1710. Of White I only knew a Funeral Sermon on
+Mr. Francis Fuller; his _Persuasion to Moderation_, above noticed, which
+is an enlargement of part of his preface to Sterry's _Rise, &c._; and
+his _Treatise on the Restoration of all Things_, 1712, 8vo., which has
+recently been republished by Dr. Thom. To his _Persuasion_ is appended
+an advertisement:
+
+    "There being a design of publishing the rest of Mr. White's
+    works, any that have either Letters or other Manuscripts of his
+    by them are desired to communicate them to Mr. John Tarrey,
+    distiller, at the Golden Fleece, near Shadwick Dock."
+
+This design, with the exception of the publication of _The Restoration_,
+seems to have proved abortive. White entertained many opinions in common
+with Sterry, which he advocates with great power. He does not however,
+like his fellow chaplain, soar into the pure empyrean of theology with
+unfailing pinions. Sterry has frequently sentences which Milton might
+not have been ashamed to own. His _Discourse of the Freedom of the Will_
+is a noble performance, and the preface will well bear a comparison with
+Cudworth's famous sermon on the same subject.
+
+JAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES.
+
+
+_Colouring Collodion Portraits._--I shall be obliged if any brother
+photographer will kindly inform me, through the medium of "N. & Q.," the
+best method of colouring collodion portraits and views in a style
+similar to the hyalotypes shown at the Great Exhibition.
+
+We country photographers are much indebted to DR. DIAMOND for the
+valuable information we have obtained through his excellent papers in
+"N. & Q.," and perceiving he is shortly about to give us the benefit of
+his experience in a compact form, under the modest title of
+_Photographic Notes_, I suggest that, if one of his Notes should contain
+the best method of colouring collodion proofs, so as to render them
+applicable for dissolving views, &c., he will be conferring a benefit on
+many of your subscribers; and, as one of your oldest, allow me to
+subscribe myself
+
+PHOTO.
+
+
+_On some Points in the Collodion Process._--In your impression of this
+day's date (Vol. vii., p. 363.), the Rev. J. L. SISSON desires the
+opinion of other photographers relative to lifting the plate with the
+film of collodion up and down several times in the bath of nit. silv.
+solution; and as my experience on this point is diametrically opposed to
+his own, I venture to state it with the view of eliciting a discussion.
+
+The _evenness_ of the film is not at all dependent upon this practice;
+but its sensibility to light appears to be considerably increased.
+
+The plate, after being plunged in, should be allowed to repose quietly
+from twenty to thirty minutes, _and then rapidly_ slid in and out
+several times, until the liquid flows off in one continuous and even
+_sheet_ of liquid; and this also has a beneficial effect in washing off
+any little particles of collodion, dust, oxide, or any foreign matter
+which, if adherent, would form centres of chemical action, and cause
+spottiness in the negative.
+
+{389}
+I find that the plate is more sensitive also, if not exposed before all
+the exciting fluid that can be _drained off_ is got rid of; that is,
+while still quite moist, but without any _flowing_ liquid.
+
+As to redipping the plate before development, it is, I believe, _in
+general_ useless; but when the plate has got _very_ dry it may be dipped
+again, but should be then _well drained_ before the developing solution
+is applied.
+
+MR. F. MAXWELL LYTE (p. 364.) quotes the price of the purest iodide of
+potassium at 1s. 3d. per oz. I should be glad to know where it can
+be obtained, as I find the price constantly varies, and upon the last
+occasion I paid 4s. per oz., and I think never less than 1s. 8d.
+
+MR. L. MERRITT will probably succeed in applying the cement for a glass
+bath thus:--Place the pieces of glass upon wood of any kind in an oven
+with the door open until he can only just handle them; then, with a roll
+of the cement, melting the end in the flame of a spirit-lamp, apply it
+as if for sealing a letter. This should be done as quickly as possible.
+The glasses may then be passed over the flame of the lamp (in contact
+with it), so as to raise the temperature, until the cement is quite soft
+and nearly boiling (this can be done without heating the parts near the
+fingers); and while hot the two separate pieces should be applied by
+putting one down on a piece of wood covered with flannel, and pressing
+the other with any wooden instrument: metal in contact would cause an
+instantaneous fracture.
+
+MR. MERRITT's difficulty with the developing solutions depends most
+probably in the case of the pyrogallic acid mixture not having enough
+acetic acid. The protonitrate of iron, if made according to DR.
+DIAMOND's formula, does _not_ require any acetic acid, and flows quite
+readily; but the protosulphate solution requires a bath, and the same
+solution may be used over and over again.
+
+GEO. SHADBOLT.
+
+London, April 9, 1853.
+
+
+_Economical Iodizing Process._--MR. MAXWELL LYTE is probably as good a
+judge as myself, as to where any weak point or difficulty is found in
+iodizing paper with the carbonate of potass: if any chemical is likely
+to be the cause of unusual activity, it is the carbonic acid, and not
+the cyanide of potash. I still continue to use that formula, and have
+not iodized paper with any other: though I have made some variations
+which may perhaps be of use. I found that the nitrate of potash is
+almost the same in its effects as the carbonate. I would as soon use the
+one as the other; but the state I conceive to be the most effective, is
+the diluted liquor potassae: that would be with iodine about the same
+state as the iodide of potash, but hitherto I have not tried it, though
+mean to do so.
+
+I am not quite certain as to whether, theoretically, this position is
+right; but I find in iodide of potash, and in the above formula, that
+the iodine is absorbed in greater quantities by the silver, than the
+alkaline potash by the nitric acid. Thus, by using a solution for some
+time, it will at last contain but very little iodine at all, and not
+enough for the purpose of the photographer; hence it requires renewing.
+And I have lately observed that paper is much more effective, in every
+way, if it is floated on free iodine twice before it is used in the
+camera, viz. once when it is made, and again when it is dry: the last
+time containing a little bromine water and glacial acetic acid. It
+appears to me that the paper will absorb its proper dose of iodine
+better when dry, and the glacial acetic acid will set free any small
+amount of alkaline potash there may be on the surface; so that it will
+not embrown on applying gallic acid. By using the ammonio-nitrate of
+silver in iodizing, and proceeding as above, I find it all I can wish as
+far as regards the power of my camera. With this paper I can use an
+aperture of half an inch diameter, and take anything in the shade and
+open air in five or six minutes, in the sun in less time. The yellow
+colour also comes off better in the hypo. sulph.
+
+I think MR. MAXWELL LYTE has made a mistake as to the price he quotes:
+about here I cannot get any iodide of potash under 2s. per ounce, and
+the five grains to the ounce added to the common dose of nitrate of
+silver is hardly worth speaking of; it would amount, in fact, to about
+fifteen grains in a quire of Whatman's paper,--no great hardship,
+because many use much higher doses of silver for iodizing; forty grains
+to the ounce is not uncommonly used, but I believe twenty-five grains
+quite enough.
+
+I presume, in SIR WM. NEWTON's mode of treating positives, the acid of
+the alum decomposes the alkali of the hypo. sulph. And it would be, I
+suppose, better for the picture, if its state were entirely neutral when
+put away or framed; but if alum is added, acid must remain, since SIR
+WM. says it combines with the size. What I should imagine is, that the
+idea is good; but experience can only decide if the picture is better
+put away in an acid condition. I should think there are more available
+acids for the purpose, for alum has an injurious effect upon colour; and
+a positive is nothing but colour, the organic matter of the paper
+stained as it were by the silver: for, after all its washings and
+application of re-agents, no silver can possibly remain in the paper.
+The safest state therefore of putting away ought to be ascertained and
+decided upon; as it is no use doing them if they fade, or even lose
+their tones.
+
+WELD TAYLOR.
+
+N.B.--The iodized ammonio-nitrate paper will not bear exposure to the
+sun; it will keep any {390} length of time, but should be kept in a
+paper, and away from any considerable degree of light.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.
+
+
+_Bishop Juxon's Account of Vendible Books in England_ (Vol. vi., pp.
+515. 592.).--The following note in Wilson's _History of the Merchant
+Taylors' School_, p. 783., solves the Query respecting the authorship of
+this bibliographical work.
+
+    "_The Catalogue of Books in England alphabetically digested_,
+    printed at London, 1658, 4to., is ascribed to Bishop Juxon in
+    Osborne's _Catalogue_ for 1755, p. 40. But, as Mr. Watts, the
+    judicious librarian of Sion College, has observed to me, this is
+    no authority, the Epistle Dedicatory bearing internal evidence
+    against it. The author's name was _William London_, whence arose
+    the mistake!"
+
+J. YEOWELL.
+
+Hoxton.
+
+
+_Dutensiana_ (Vol. vi., p. 376.; Vol. vii., p. 26.).--The following
+statement, extracted from Querard's _France Litteraire_, sub voce
+Dutens, will account for the discrepancies mentioned by your
+correspondents with reference to the works of Louis Dutens.
+
+Dutens published three volumes of _Memoirs_, which he afterwards
+committed to the flames, out of consideration for certain living
+characters. He then published, in three volumes, his _Memoires d'un
+Voyageur qui se repose_, the two first containing the author's life, and
+the third being the _Dutensiana_.
+
+Your correspondent W. (Vol. vi., p. 376.) says that Dutens published at
+Geneva, in six volumes 4to., with prefaces, the entire works of
+Leibnitz. This statement is thus qualified by the _Biographie
+Universelle_:
+
+    "L. Dutens est l'Editeur de _Leibnitii opera omnia_, mais c'est
+    a tort que quelques bibliographes lui attribuent les
+    _Institutions Leibnitiennes_. Cet ouvrage est de l'Abbe
+    Sigorgne."
+
+The same correspondent inquires whether Dutens was not also the author
+of _Correspondence inteceptee_: and SIR W. C. TREVELYAN (Vol. vii., p.
+26.) says he had seen a presentation copy of it, although it is not
+included in the list of Dutens' _Works_ given by Lowndes.
+
+This is explained by the fact that the work, originally published under
+the title of _Correspondence interceptee_, was afterwards embodied in
+the _Memoires d'un Voyageur_. Lowndes seems to have had no knowledge of
+it as a separate publication.
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia.
+
+
+_Vicars-Apostolic_ (Vol. vii., pp. 309, 310.).--Allow me to correct an
+error or two in my list of the vicars-apostolic, which appeared in your
+178th Number, p 309. The three archpriests were _appointed_ to their
+office, not _consecrated_.
+
+P. 309.--_Northern District._ Bishop Witham was consecrated 1703, not
+1716. He was _translated_ from the Midland to the Northern District in
+1716.
+
+P. 310.--In the list of the present Roman Catholic prelates in England
+and Wales, the bishops--from Archbishop Wiseman to Bishop Hendren
+inclusive--were _translated_ in 1850, not _consecrated_.
+
+J. R. W.
+
+Bristol.
+
+
+_Tombstone in Churchyard_ (Vol. vii., p. 331.).--In Ecclesfield
+churchyard is the following inscription, cut in bold capitals, and as
+legible as when the slab was first laid down:
+
+    "Here lieth the bodie of Richard Lord, late Vicar of
+    Ecclesfield, 1600."
+
+If, however, A. C.'s Query be not limited to slabs in the open air, he
+will probably be interested by the following, copied by me from the
+floors of the respective churches, which are all in this neighbourhood.
+The first is from the unused church of St. John at Laughton-le-Morthing,
+near Roche Abbey, and is, according to Mr. Hunter, one of the earliest
+specimens of a monumental inscription in the vernacular:
+
+    "Here lyeth Robt. Dinningto' and Alis his wyfe. Robert dyed [=i]
+    y'e fest of San James M'mo ccc iiij'xx xiij'mo. Alis dyed o'
+    Tisday [=i] Pas. Woke, a'o D[=n]i M'o ccc'mo xxx'o whose saules
+    God assoyl for is m'cy. Ame'."
+
+The next three are partly pewed over; but the uncovered parts are
+perfectly legible. The first two are from Tankersley, the third from
+Wentworth:
+
+    "Hic jacet d[=n]s Thomas Toykyl ... die mensis Aprilis anno
+    d[=n]i M. cccc. lxxxx. sc[=d]o...."
+
+    " ... Mensis Octob. an[=o] dni Milli[=m]o cccc. xxx. quinto."
+
+    " ... An[=o] d[=n]i Millesimo cccc. xxxx. vi. cuius ai[=e] deus
+    propitietur."
+
+Also in Ecclesfield Church is a slab bearing the dates 1571, and J. W.
+1593; and the remains of two others, with dates "M'o ccccc'o xix'o," and
+"M'o ccccc'o xxx'o vi'o."
+
+J. EASTWOOD.
+
+Ecclesfield Hall, Sheffield.
+
+
+"_Her face is like," &c._ (Vol. vii., p. 305.).--
+
+    "Her face is like the milky way i' the sky,--
+     A meeting of gentle lights without a name."
+
+These lines are from Act III. of Sir John Suckling's tragedy of
+_Brennoralt_, and are uttered by a lover contemplating his _sleeping_
+mistress; a circumstance which it is important to mention, as the truth
+and beauty of the comparison depend on it.
+
+B. R. I.
+
+
+{391}
+_Annuellarius_ (Vol. vii., p. 358.).--_Annuellarius_, sometimes written
+_Annivellarius_, is a chantry priest, so called from his receiving the
+_annualia_, or yearly stipend, for keeping the anniversary, or saying
+continued masses for one year for the soul of a deceased person.
+
+J. G.
+
+Exon.
+
+
+_Ship's Painter_ (Vol. vii., p. 178.).--Your correspondent J. C. G. may
+find a rational derivation of the word _painter_, the rope by which a
+boat is attached to a ship, in the Saxon word _punt_, a boat. The
+corruption from _punter_, or boat-rope, to _painter_, seems obvious.
+
+J. S. C.
+
+
+_True Blue_ (Vol. iii., _passim_).--The occurrence of this expression in
+the following passage in Dryden, and its application to the Order of the
+Garter, seem to have escaped the notice of the several correspondents
+who have addressed you on the subject. I quote from _The Flower and the
+Leaf_, Dryden's version of one of Chaucer's tales:
+
+    "Who bear the bows were knights in Arthur's reign,
+     Twelve they, and twelve the peers of Charlemain;
+     For bows the strength of brawny arms imply,
+     Emblems of valour and of victory.
+     Behold an order yet of newer date,
+     Doubling their number, equal in their state;
+     Our England's ornament, the Crown's defence,
+     In battle brave, protectors of their prince;
+     Unchang'd by fortune, to their sovereign _true_,
+     _For which_ their manly legs are bound with _blue_.
+     These of the Garter call'd, of faith unstain'd.
+     In fighting fields the laurel have obtain'd,
+     And well repaid the honors which they gain'd."
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia.
+
+
+"_Quod fuit esse_" (Vol. vii., pp. 235. 342.).--In one of Dr. Byrom's
+Common-place Books now in the possession of his respected descendant,
+Miss Atherton, of Kersal Cell, is the following arrangement and
+translation of this enigmatical inscription, probably made by the Doctor
+himself:
+
+    "Quod fuit esse quod est quod non fuit esse quod esse
+     Esse quod est non esse quod est non est erit esse.
+              Quod fuit esse quod,
+              Est quod non fuit esse quod,
+              Esse esse quod est,
+              Non esse quod est non est
+              Erit esse.
+
+    What was John Wiles is what John Wiles was not,
+    The mortal Being has immortal got.
+    The Wiles that was but a non Ens is gone,
+    And now remains the true eternal John."
+
+I take this opportunity of mentioning that my friend, the Rev. Dr.
+Parkinson, Canon of Manchester, and Principal of St. Bees, is at present
+engaged in editing, for the Chetham Society, the Diary and unpublished
+remains of Dr. Byrom; and he will, I am sure, feel greatly indebted to
+any of your correspondents who will favour him with an addition to his
+present materials. O. G. ("N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 179. art. Townshend)
+seems to have some memoranda relating to Byrom, and would perhaps be
+good enough to communicate them to Dr. Parkinson.
+
+JAMES CROSSLEY.
+
+I have seen the above thus paraphrased:
+
+    "What we have been, and what we are,
+      The present and the time that's past,
+     We cannot properly compare
+      With what we are to be at last.
+
+    "Tho' we ourselves have fancied Forms,
+      And Beings that have never been;
+     We into something shall be turn'd,
+      Which we have not conceived or seen."
+
+C. H. (a Subscriber.)
+
+
+_Subterranean Bells_ (Vol. vii., pp. 128. 200. 328.).--In a most
+interesting paper by the Rev. W. Thornber, A.B., Blackpool, published in
+the _Proceedings of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire_,
+1851-2, there is mention of a similar tradition to that quoted by your
+correspondent J. J. S.
+
+Speaking of the cemetery of Kilgrimol, two miles on the south shore from
+Blackpool, the learned gentleman says:
+
+    "The ditch and cross have disappeared, either obliterated by the
+    sand, or overwhelmed by the inroads of the sea; but, with
+    tradition, the locality is a favourite still. The _superstitio
+    loci_ marks the site: 'The church,' it says, 'was swallowed up
+    by an earthquake, together with the Jean la Cairne of Stonyhill;
+    but on Christmas eve every one, since that time, on bending his
+    ear to the ground, may distinguish clearly its bells pealing
+    most merrily.'"
+
+BROCTUNA.
+
+Bury, Lancashire.
+
+
+_Spontaneous Combustion_ (Vol. vii., p. 286.).--I presume H. A. B.'s
+question refers to the human body only, because the possibility of
+spontaneous combustion in several other substances is, I believe, not
+disputed. On that of the human body Taylor says:
+
+    "The hypothesis of those who advocate _spontaneous_ combustion,
+    is, it appears to me, perfectly untenable. So far as I have been
+    able to examine this subject, there is not a single
+    well-authenticated instance of such an event occurring: in the
+    cases reported which are worthy of any credit, a candle or some
+    other ignited body has been at hand, and the accidental ignition
+    of the clothes was highly probable, if not absolutely certain."
+
+He admits that, under certain circumstances, the human body, though in
+general "highly difficult of combustion," may acquire increased
+combustible properties. But this is another question {392} from that of
+the possibility of its purely spontaneous combustion. (See Taylor's
+_Medical Jurisprudence_, pages 424-7. edit. 1846.)
+
+W. W. T.
+
+
+_Muffs worn by Gentlemen_ (Vol. vi., _passim_; Vol. vii., p. 320.).--The
+writer of a series of papers in the _New Monthly Magazine_, entitled
+"Parr in his later Years," thus (vol. xvi. p. 482.) describes the
+appearance of that learned Theban:
+
+    "He had on his dressing-gown, which I think was flannel, or
+    cotton, and the skirts dangled round his ankles. Over this he
+    had drawn his great-coat, buttoned close; and his hands, for he
+    had been attacked with erysipelas not long before, were kept
+    warm in a _silk muff_, not much larger than the poll of a common
+    hat."
+
+In an anonymous poetical pamphlet (_Thoughts in Verse concerning
+Feasting and Dancing_, 12mo. London, 1800), is a little poem, entitled
+"The Muff," in the course of which the following lines occur:
+
+    "A time there was (that time is now no more,
+     At least in England 'tis not now observ'd!)
+     When muffs were worn by _beaux_ as well as belles.
+     Scarce has a century of time elaps'd,
+     Since such an article was much in vogue;
+     Which, when it was not on the arm sustain'd,
+     Hung, pendant by a silken ribbon loop
+     From button of the coat of well-dress'd beau.
+     'Tis well for manhood that the use has ceased!
+     For what to _woman_ might be well allow'd,
+     As suited to the softness of her sex,
+     Would seem effeminate and wrong in _man_."
+
+WILLIAM BATES.
+
+Birmingham.
+
+
+_Crescent_ (Vol. vii., p. 235.).--In Judges, ch. viii. ver. 21., Gideon
+is recorded to have taken away from Zeba and Zalmunna, kings of Midian,
+"the ornaments that were on their camels' necks." The marginal
+translation has "ornaments like the moon;" and in verse 24. it is stated
+that the Midianites were _Ishmaelites_. If, therefore, it be borne in
+mind that Mohammed was an Arabian, and that the Arabians were
+Ishmaelites, we may perhaps be allowed to infer that the origin of the
+use of the crescent was not as a symbol of Mohammed's religion, but that
+it was adopted by his countrymen and followers from their ancestors, and
+may be referred to at least as far back as 1249 B.C., when Zeba and
+Zalmunna were slain, and when it seems to have been the customary
+ornament of the Ishmaelites.
+
+W. W. T.
+
+
+_The Author of "The Family Journal"_ (Vol. vii., p. 313.).--The author
+of the very clever series of papers in the _New Monthly Magazine_, to
+which MR. BEDE refers, is Mr. Leigh Hunt. The particular one in which
+Swift's Latin-English is quoted, has been republished in a charming
+little volume, full of original thinking, expressed with the felicity of
+genius, called _Table Talk_, and published in 1851 by Messrs. Smith and
+Elder, of Cornhill.
+
+G. J. DE WILDE.
+
+
+_Parochial Libraries_ (Vol. vi., p. 432. &c.).--I fear that there is
+little doubt that these collections of books have very often been
+unfairly dispersed. It is by no means uncommon, in looking over the
+stock of an old divinity bookseller, to meet with works with the names
+of parochial libraries written in them. I have met with many such: they
+appear chiefly to have consisted of the works of the Fathers, and of our
+seventeenth century divines. As a case in point, I recollect, about ten
+years since, being at a sale at the rectory of Reepham, Norfolk,
+consequent upon the death of the rector, and noticing several works with
+the inscription "Reepham Church Library" written inside: these were sold
+indiscriminately with the rector's books. At this distance of time I
+cannot recollect the titles of many of the works; but I perfectly
+remember a copy of Sir H. Savile's edition of _Chrysostom_, 8 vols.
+folio; _Constantini Lexicon_, folio; and some pieces of Bishop Andrewes.
+These were probably intended for the use of the rector, as in the case
+reported by your correspondent CHEVERELLS (Vol. vii., p. 369.).
+
+I may also mention having seen a small parochial library of old divinity
+kept in the room over the porch in the church of Sutton Courtenay, near
+Abingdon, Berks. With the history and purpose of this collection I am
+unacquainted.
+
+NORRIS DECK.
+
+Great Malvern.
+
+
+_Sidney as a Christian Name_ (Vol. vii., pp. 39. 318.).--Lady Morgan the
+authoress was, before her marriage, Miss _Sidney_ Owenson. See Chambers'
+_Encyclop. of Eng. Lit._, ii. 580.
+
+P. J. F. GANTILLON, B.A.
+
+
+_"Rather"_ (Vol. vii., p. 282.).--The root of the word _rather_ is
+Celtic, in which language _raith_ means "inclination," "on account of,"
+"for the sake of," &c. Thus, in the line quoted from Chaucer,
+
+    "What aileth you so _rathe_ for to arise,"
+
+it clearly signifies "what aileth you that you _so incline_ to arise,"
+and so on, in the various uses to which the comparative of the word is
+put: as, I had rather do so and so, _i. e._ "I feel _more inclined_;" I
+am rather tired, _i. e._ "I am fatigued _on account of_ the walk," &c. I
+am glad that you are come, the rather that I have work for you to do,
+_i. e._ "_more on account of_ the work which I have for you to do, or
+_for the sake_ of the work," &c. Any obscurity that is attached to the
+use of the word, has arisen from the abuse of it, or rather from its
+right signification being not properly understood.
+
+FRAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+
+{393}
+_Lady High Sheriff_ (Vol. vii., pp. 236. 340.).--Another instance may be
+seen in Foss's _Judges of England_, vol. ii. p. 51.--In speaking of
+Reginald de Cornhill, who held the Sheriffalty of Kent from 5 Richard I.
+to 5 Henry III., he says:
+
+    "His seat at Minster, in the Isle of Thanet, acquired the name
+    of 'Sheriff's Court,' which it still retains; and he himself,
+    discontinuing his own name, was styled Reginald le Viscount,
+    even his widow being designated Vicecomitessa Cantii."
+
+D. S.
+
+
+_Nugget_ (Vol. vi., p. 171.; Vol. vii., pp. 143. 272.).--Nugget _may_ be
+derived from the Persian, but it is also used in Scotland, and means a
+lump,--a nugget of sugar, for instance. And as Scotchmen are to be found
+everywhere, its importation into Australia and California is easily
+accounted for.
+
+R. S. N.
+
+
+_Epigrams_ (Vol. vii., p. 180.).--I beg to confirm the statement of
+SCRAPIANA as to the reading John instead of Thomas in the line
+
+    "'Twixt Footman John and Dr. Toe."
+
+It may not be generally known that this epigram came from the pen of
+Reginald Heber, late Bishop of Calcutta, who was then a commoner of
+Brazenoze College, and who wrote that extremely clever satire called
+_The Whippiad_ of which the same Dr. Toe (the Rev. Henry Halliwell, Dean
+and Tutor) was the hero. _The Whippiad_ was printed for the first time a
+few years ago, in _Blackwood's Magazine_.
+
+I fancy the other facetious epigram given by SCRAPIANA has no connexion
+with this, but was merely inserted on the same page as being "similis
+materiae."
+
+B. N. C.
+
+
+_Editions of the Prayer-Book_ (Vol. vii., p. 91.).--The following small
+addition is offered to MR. SPARROW SIMPSON's list:
+
+1592.  fol.    Deputies of Chr. Barker.  Trinity College, Dublin.
+1607.  4to.    Robert Barker.  Trin. Coll., Dublin.
+1611.  folio.  Robert Barker.  Marsh's Library, Dubl.
+1632.  8vo.    R. Barker and the assignes of John Bill.  Trin. Coll.,
+                 Dublin.
+1634.  4to.    Same Printers.  Trin. Coll., Dublin.
+1634.  12mo.   Same Printers.  Marsh's Library.
+1638.  4to.    Same Printers.  Trin. Coll., Dublin.
+1639.  4to.    Same Printers.  Trin. Coll., Dublin.
+1616.          There is a Latin version, in Dr. Mockett's _Doctrina et
+                 Politeia Ecclesiae Anglicanae_. 4to. Londoni. Marsh's
+                 Library, Dublin.
+
+H. COTTON.
+
+Thurles.
+
+
+_Portrait of Pope_ (Vol. vii., p. 294.).--Dr. Falconer's portrait of
+Pope could not have been painted by _Joseph_ Wright of Derby, as that
+celebrated artist was only fourteen when Pope died; consequently, the
+anecdote told of the painter, and of his meeting the poet at dinner,
+must apply to the artist named by Dr. Falconer, and of course correctly,
+_Edward_ Wright.
+
+S. D. D.
+
+
+_Passage in Coleridge_ (Vol. vii., p. 330.).--The paper referred to by
+Coleridge will be found in the _Transactions of the Manchester Literary
+and Philosophical Society_, vol. iii. p. 463. It is the "Description of
+a Glory," witnessed by Dr. Haygarth on Feb. 13th, 1780, when "returning
+to Chester, and ascending the mountain which forms the eastern boundary
+of the Vale of Clwyd." As your correspondent asks for a copy of the
+description, the volume being scarce, I will give the following extract:
+
+    "I was struck with the peculiar appearance of a very white
+    shining cloud, that lay remarkably close to the ground. The sun
+    was nearly setting, but shone extremely bright. I walked up to
+    the cloud, and my shadow was projected into it; when a very
+    unexpected and beautiful scene was presented to my view. The
+    head of my shadow was surrounded, at some distance, by a circle
+    of various colours; whose centre appeared to be near the
+    situation of the eye, and whose circumference extended to the
+    shoulders. The circle was complete, except what the shadow of my
+    body intercepted. It resembled, very exactly, what in pictures
+    is termed a _glory_, around the head of our Saviour and of
+    saints: not, indeed, that luminous radiance which is painted
+    close to the head, but an arch of concentric colours. As I
+    walked forward, this _glory_ approached or retired, just as the
+    inequality of the ground shortened or lengthened my shadow."
+
+A plate "by the writer's friend, Mr. Falconer," accompanies the paper.
+
+In my copy of the _Transactions_, the following MS. note is attached to
+this paper:
+
+    "See Juan's and De Ulloa's _Voyage to South America_, book vi.
+    ch. ix., where phaenomena, nearly similar, are described."
+
+I. H. M.
+
+
+_Lowbell_ (Vol. vii., pp. 181. 272.).--This is also surely a Scotch
+word, _low_ meaning a light, a flame.
+
+    "A smith's hause is aye lowin."--_Scots. Prov._
+
+R. S. N.
+
+
+_Burn at Croydon_ (Vol. vii., p. 283.).--This seems to be of the same
+nature as the "nailburns" mentioned by Halliwell (_Arch. Dict._). In
+Lambarde's _Perambulation of Kent_, p. 221., 2nd edit., mention is made
+of a stream running under ground. But it seems very difficult to account
+for these phenomena, and any geologist who would give a satisfactory
+explanation of these _burns_, _nailburns_, subterraneous streams, and
+those which in Lincolnshire are termed "blow wells," would confer a
+favour on several of your readers.
+
+E. G. R.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *{394}
+
+
+MISCELLANEOUS.
+
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
+
+Our learned, grave, and potent cotemporary, _The Quarterly Review_, has,
+in the number just issued, a very pleasant gossiping article on _The Old
+Countess of Desmond_. The writer, who pays "N. & Q." a passing
+compliment for which we are obliged, although he very clearly
+establishes the fact of the existence of a Countess of Desmond, who was
+well known and remarkable for her _extreme_ longevity, certainly does
+not prove that the old Countess actually lived to the great age of 140
+years.
+
+The publisher of _Men of the Time, or Sketches of Living Notables_, has
+just put forth a new edition of what will eventually become a valuable
+and interesting little volume. There are so many difficulties in the way
+of making such a book accurate and complete, that it is no wonder if
+this second edition, although it contains upwards of sixty additional
+articles, has yet many omissions. Its present aspect is too political.
+Men of the pen are too lightly passed over, unless they are professed
+journalists; many of the greatest scholars of the present day being
+entirely omitted. This must and doubtless will be amended.
+
+It is with great regret that we have to announce the death of one whose
+facile pen and well-stored memory furnished many a pleasant note to our
+readers,--J. R. of Cork, under which signature that able scholar, and
+kindly hearted gentleman, MR. JAMES ROCHE, happily designated by Father
+Prout the "Roscoe of Cork," was pleased to contribute to our columns.
+_The Athenaeum_ well observes that "his death will leave a blank in the
+intellectual society of the South of Ireland, and the readers of 'N. &
+Q.' will miss his genial and instructive gossip on books and men."
+
+_The Photographic Society_ is rapidly increasing. The meeting on the 7th
+for the exhibition and explanation of cameras was a decided failure,
+from the want of due preparation; but that failure will be fully
+compensated by the promised exhibition of them in the rooms of the
+_Society of Arts_. While on the subject of Photography, we may call the
+attention of our readers to a curious paper on Photographic Engraving,
+in _The Athenaeum_ of Saturday last, by a gentleman to whom the art is
+already under so much obligation, Mr. Fox Talbot.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Wellington, his Character, his Actions, and his
+Writings_, by Jules Maurel, is well described by its editor, Lord
+Ellesmere, as "among the most accurate, discriminating, and felicitous
+tributes which have evaluated from any country in any language to the
+memory of the great Duke."--_Temple Bar, the City Golgotha, a Narrative
+of the Historical Occurrences of a Criminal Character associated with
+the present Bar_, by a Member of the Inner Temple. A chatty and
+anecdotical history of this last remaining gate of the city, under
+certainly its most revolting aspect. The sketch will doubtless be
+acceptable, particularly to London antiquaries.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
+
+WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+ARCHAEOLOGIA. Vols. III., IV., V., VI., VII., VIII., X., XXVII., XXVIII.
+Unbound.
+
+---- Vols. III., IV., V., VIII. In Boards.
+
+BAYLE'S DICTIONARY. English Version, by DE MAIZEAUX. London, 1738. Vols.
+I. and II.
+
+GMELIN'S HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY. Inorganic part.
+
+LUBBOCK, ELEMENTARY TREATISE ON THE TIDES.
+
+SANDERS (REV. H.), THE HISTORY OF SHENSTONE. 4to. Lond. 1794.
+
+SWIFT'S (DEAN) WORKS. Dublin: G. Faulkner. 19 Volumes. 1768. Vol. I.
+
+TODD'S CYCLOPAEDIA OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY.
+
+TRANSACTIONS OF THE MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Vols. I. and II.
+
+ARCHAEOLOGIA. Vols. III., IV., V., VIII. Boards.
+
+MARTYN'S PLANTAE CANTABRIGIENSES. 12mo. London, 1763.
+
+ABBOTSFORD EDITION OF THE WAVERLEY NOVELS. Odd Vols.
+
+THE TRUTH TELLER. A Periodical.
+
+SARAH COLERIDGE'S PHANTASMION.
+
+J. L. PETIT'S CHURCH ARCHITECTURE. 2 Vols.
+
+R. MANT'S CHURCH ARCHITECTURE CONSIDERED IN RELATION TO THE MIND OF THE
+CHURCH. 8vo. Belfast, 1840.
+
+CAMBRIDGE CAMDEN SOCIETY'S TRANSACTIONS. Vol. III.--ELLICOTT ON
+VAULTING.
+
+QUARTERLY REVIEW, 1845.
+
+GARDENERS CHRONICLE, 1838 to 1852, all but Oct. to Dec. 1851.
+
+COLLIER'S FURTHER VINDICATION OF HIS SHORT VIEW OF THE STAGE. 1708.
+
+CONGREVE'S AMENDMENT OF COLLIER'S FALSE AND IMPERFECT CITATIONS. 1698.
+
+FILMER'S DEFENCE OF PLAYS, OR THE STAGE VINDICATED. 1707.
+
+THE STAGE CONDEMNED. 1698.
+
+BEDFORD'S SERIOUS REFLECTIONS ON THE ABUSES OF THE STAGE. 8vo. 1705.
+
+DISSERTATION ON ISAIAH, CHAPTER XVIII., IN A LETTER TO EDWARD KING, &c.,
+by SAMUEL HORSLEY, Lord Bishop of Rochester. 1799. First Edition, in
+4to.
+
+BISHOP FELL'S Edition of CYPRIAN, Containing BISHOP PEARSON'S ANNALES
+CYPRIANIA.
+
+*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send
+their names._
+
+*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to
+be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet
+Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS
+
+
+CANTAB. _The line_
+
+    "Music has charms to soothe a savage breast,"
+
+_is from Congreve's _Mourning Bride_, Act I. Sc. I._
+
+J. L. S. _We will endeavour to ascertain the value of the copy of
+_Naunton_, and tell our Correspondent when we write to him._
+
+C. GONVILLE. _We hope this Correspondent has received the letter
+forwarded to him on Saturday or Monday last. His letter has been sent
+on._
+
+E. P., Jun. _The best account of Nuremburg Tokens is Snelling's _View of
+the Origin, Nature and Use of Jettons or Counters_. London, 1769,
+folio._
+
+NEMO. _Thanks to its excellent Index, we are enabled, by Cunningham's
+_Handbook of London_, to inform him that Vanburgh was buried in the
+family vault of the Vanburghs in St. Stephen's, Walbrook._
+
+C. M. J. _will find the reference to "Language given to man," &c., in
+_Vol. vi., p. 575._, in an article on South and Talleyrand._
+
+PHOTOSULPH, _who asks whether, when using the developing solution, it is
+necessary to blow upon the glass, is informed that it is not necessary;
+but that, when there is a hesitation in the flowing of the fluid,
+blowing gently on the glass promotes it, and the warmth of the breath
+sometimes causes a more speedy development._
+
+X. A. _We cannot enter into any discussion respecting lenses. We have
+more than once fully recognised the merits of those manufactured by Mr.
+Ross: but never having used one of them, we could not speak of them from
+our own experience. We do not hold ourselves responsible for the
+opinions of our Correspondents._
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the County
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them
+to their Subscribers on the Saturday._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *{395}
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
+Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds,
+according to light.
+
+Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the
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+Establishment.
+
+Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
+beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.--Pure Chemicals, and every requisite for the practice
+of Photography, according to the instructions of Le Gray, Hunt,
+Brebisson, and other writers, may be obtained, wholesale and retail, of
+WILLIAM BOLTON, (formerly Dymond & Co.), Manufacturer of pure Chemicals
+for Photographic and other purposes. Lists may be had on application.
+
+Improved Apparatus for iodizing paper in vacuo, according to Mr.
+Stewart's instructions.
+
+146. HOLBORN BARS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.--MR. PHILIP DELAMOTTE begs to announce that he has now
+made arrangements for printing Calotypes in large or small quantities,
+either from Paper or Glass Negatives. Gentlemen who are desirous of
+having good impressions of their works, may see specimens of Mr.
+Delamotte's Printing at his own residence, 38. Chepstow Place,
+Bayswater, or at
+
+MR. GEORGE BELL'S, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Just published, price 1s., free by Post 1s. 4d.,
+
+THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION.
+Translated from the French.
+
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+Lenses for Portraits and Views.
+
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+
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+
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+
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+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver).--J.
+B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who
+published the application of this agent (see _Athenaeum_, Aug. 14th).
+Their Collodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary
+sensitiveness, tenacity, and colour unimpaired for months: it may be
+exported to any climate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J.
+B. HOCKIN & CO. manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the
+latest Improvements adapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotype
+processes. Camera for Developing in the open Country. GLASS BATHS
+adapted to any Camera. Lenses from the best Makers. Waxed and Iodized
+Papers, &c.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions
+may be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be
+procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the
+practice of Photography in all its Branches.
+
+Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument
+Makers, and Operative Chemist, 153. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.--To be sold, a Second-hand Achromatic Portrait Lens by
+Lerebour, 2-1/4 aperture, 7 inches focal length. Price 3l. 10s.
+
+Apply to THOS. EGLEY, Bookseller, 35. Upper Berkeley Street West, Hyde
+Park Square, where also Specimens of its performance may be seen.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's,
+Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Freres' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's
+Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.
+
+Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.
+Paternoster Row, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, 3 PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
+
+Founded A.D. 1842.
+
+               *       *       *
+
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+
+H. E. Bicknell, Esq.
+W. Cabell, Esq.
+T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.
+G. H. Drew, Esq.
+W. Evans, Esq.
+W. Freeman, Esq.
+F. Fuller, Esq.
+J. H. Goodhart, Esq.
+T. Grissell, Esq.
+J. Hunt, Esq.
+J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
+E. Lucas, Esq.
+J. Lys Seager, Esq.
+J. B. White, Esq.
+J. Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+_Trustees._
+
+W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.: L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.: George Drew, Esq.
+
+_Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+
+_Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
+
+VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
+
+POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
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+
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+
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+    32     2  10  8
+    37     2  18  6
+    42     3   8  2
+
+ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a TREATISE on BENEFIT
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+Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life
+Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.
+
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+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class
+X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all
+Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior
+Gold London-made Patent Levers. 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
+Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12,
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+
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+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Just published, with Frontispiece, 12mo., price 2s. 6d.
+
+THE VICAR and his DUTIES; being Sketches of Clerical Life in a
+Manufacturing Town Parish. By the REV. ALFRED GATTY, Vicar of
+Ecclesfield.
+
+London: GEORGE BELL.
+
+Edinburgh: R. GRANT & SON.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Now ready, Two New Volumes (price 28s. cloth) of
+
+THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND and the Courts at Westminster. By EDWARD FOSS,
+F.S.A.
+
+    Volume Three, 1272--1377.
+    Volume Four, 1377--1485.
+
+Lately published, price 28s. cloth,
+
+    Volume One, 1066--1199.
+    Volume Two, 1199--1272.
+
+"A book which is essentially sound and truthful, and must therefore take
+its stand in the permanent literature of our country."--_Gent. Mag._
+
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+
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+
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+
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+
+A written warranty for accurate performance is given with every Watch,
+and twelve months allowed.
+
+Handsome morocco cases for same, 2s. extra.
+
+Emigrants supplies with Watches suitable for Australia.--Merchants,
+Captains, and the Trade supplied in any quantities on very favourable
+terms.
+
+                                              L s. d.
+  Gentlemen's fine Gold Albert Chains         1 10  0
+  Ladies' ditto. Neck ditto                   1 15  0
+
+Sent carefully packed, post free, and registered, on receipt of
+Post-Office or Banker's Order, payable to
+
+DANIEL ELLIOTT HEDGER.
+
+Wholesale Watch Manufacturer, 27. City Road, near Finsbury Square,
+London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WANTED, for the Ladies' Institute, 83. Regent Street, Quadrant, LADIES
+of taste for fancy work,--by paying 21s. will be received as members,
+and taught the new style of velvet wool work, which is acquired in a few
+easy lessons. Each lady will be guaranteed constant employment and ready
+cash payment for her work. Apply personally to Mrs. Thoughey. N.B.
+Ladies taught by letter at any distance from London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It
+contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different
+Bedsteads: also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts.
+And their new warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room
+Furniture, Furniture Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render
+their Establishment complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms.
+
+HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court
+Road.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *{396}
+
+THE CAMDEN SOCIETY,
+FOR THE PUBLICATION OF
+EARLY HISTORICAL AND LITERARY REMAINS.
+
+              *       *       *
+
+THE CAMDEN SOCIETY is instituted to perpetuate, and render accessible,
+whatever is valuable, but at present little known, amongst the materials
+for the Civil, Ecclesiastical, or Literary History of the United
+Kingdom; and it accomplishes that object by the publication of
+Historical Documents, Letters, Ancient Poems, and whatever else lies
+within the compass of its designs, in the most convenient form, and at
+the least possible expense consistent with the production of useful
+volumes.
+
+The Subscription to the Society is 1l. per annum, which becomes due in
+advance on the first day of May in every year, and is received by
+MESSRS. NICHOLS, 25. PARLIAMENT STREET, or by the several LOCAL
+SECRETARIES. Members may compound for their future Annual Subscriptions,
+by the payment of 10l. over and above the Subscription for the current
+year. The compositions received have been funded in the Three per Cent.
+Consols to an amount exceeding 900l. No Books are delivered to a
+Member until his Subscription for the current year has been paid. New
+Members are admitted at the Meetings of the Council held on the First
+Wednesday in every month.
+
+              *       *       *
+
+The Publications for the past year (1851-2) were:
+
+   52. PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES of CHARLES II. and JAMES II. Edited by
+   J. Y. AKERMAN, Esq., Sec. S.A.
+
+   53. THE CHRONICLE OF THE GREY FRIARS OF LONDON. Edited from a MS.
+   in the Cottonian Library by J. GOUGH NICHOLS, Esq., F.S.A.
+
+   54. PROMPTORIUM: An English and Latin Dictionary of Words in Use
+   during the Fifteenth Century, compiled chiefly from the
+   Promptorium Parvulorum. By ALBERT WAY, Esq., M.A., F.S.A. Vol.
+   II. (M. to R.) (In the Press.)
+
+Books for 1852-3.
+
+   55. THE SECOND VOLUME OF THE CAMDEN MISCELLANY, containing, 1.
+   Expenses of John of Brabant, 1292-3; 2. Household Accounts of
+   Princess Elizabeth, 1551-2; 3. Requeste and Suite of a
+   True-hearted Englishman, by W. Cholmeley, 1553; 4. Discovery of
+   the Jesuits' College at Clerkenwell, 1627-8; 5. Trelawny Papers;
+   6. Autobiography of Dr. William Taswell.--Now ready for delivery
+   to all Members not in arrear of their Subscription.
+
+   56. THE VERNEY PAPERS. A Selection from the Correspondence of the
+   Verney Family during the reign of Charles I. to the year 1639.
+   From the Originals in the possession of Sir Harry Verney, Bart.
+   To be edited by JOHN BRUCE, ESQ., Trea. S.A. (Will be ready
+   immediately.)
+
+   57. THE CORRESPONDENCE OF LADY BRILLIANA HARLEY, during the Civil
+   Wars. To be edited by the REV. T. T. LEWIS, M.A. (Will be ready
+   immediately.)
+
+               *       *       *
+
+The following Works are at Press, and will be issued from time to time,
+as soon as ready:
+
+ROLL of the HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES of RICHARD SWINFIELD, Bishop of Hereford,
+in the years 1289, 1290, with Illustrations from other and coeval
+Documents. To be edited by the REV. JOHN WEBB, M.A., F.S.A.
+
+REGULAE INCLUSARUM: THE ANCREN REWLE. A Treatise on the Rules and Duties
+of Monastic Life, in the Anglo-Saxon Dialect of the Thirteenth Century,
+addressed to a Society of Anchorites, being a translation from the Latin
+Work of Simon de Ghent, Bishop of Salisbury. To be edited from MSS. in
+the Cottonian Library, British Museum, with an Introduction, Glossarial
+Notes, &c., by the REV. JAMES MORTON, B.D., Prebendary of Lincoln.
+
+THE DOMESDAY OF ST. PAUL'S: a Description of the Manors belonging to the
+Church of St. Paul's in London in the year 1222. By the VEN. ARCHDEACON
+HALE.
+
+ROMANCE OF JEAN AND BLONDE OF OXFORD, by Philippe de Reims, an
+Anglo-Norman Poet of the latter end of the Twelfth Century. Edited, from
+the unique MS. in the Royal Library at Paris, by M. LE ROUX DE LINCY,
+Editor of the Roman de Brut.
+
+Communications from Gentlemen desirous of becoming Members may be
+addressed to the Secretary, or to Messrs. Nichols.
+
+WILLIAM J. THOMS, Secretary. 25. Parliament Street, Westminster.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WORKS OF THE CAMDEN SOCIETY,
+AND ORDER OF THEIR PUBLICATION.
+
+   1. Restoration of King Edward IV.
+   2. Kyng Johan, by Bishop Bale.
+   3. Deposition of Richard II.
+   4. Plumpton Correspondence.
+   5. Anecdotes and Traditions.
+   6. Political Songs.
+   7. Hayward's Annals of Elizabeth.
+   8. Ecclesiastical Documents.
+   9. Norden's Description of Essex.
+  10. Warkworth's Chronicle.
+  11. Kemp's Nine Daies Wonder.
+  12. The Egerton Papers.
+  13. Chronica Jocelini de Brakelonda.
+  14. Irish Narratives, 1641 and 1690.
+  15. Rishanger's Chronicle.
+  16. Poems of Walter Mapes.
+  17. Travels of Nicander Nucius.
+  18. Three Metrical Romances.
+  19. Diary of Dr. John Dee.
+  20. Apology for the Lollards.
+  21. Rutland Papers.
+  22. Diary of Bishop Cartwright.
+  23. Letters of Eminent Literary Men.
+  24. Proceedings against Dame Alice Kyteler.
+  25. Promptorium Parvulorum: Tom. I.
+  26. Suppression of the Monasteries.
+  27. Leycester Correspondence.
+  28. French Chronicle of London.
+  29. Polydore Vergil.
+  30. The Thornton Romances.
+  31. Verney's Notes of the Long Parliament.
+  32. Autobiography of Sir John Bramston.
+  33. Correspondence of James Duke of Perth.
+  34. Liber de Antiquis Legibus.
+  35. The Chronicle of Calais.
+  36. Polydore Vergil's History, Vol. I.
+  37. Italian Relation of England.
+  38. Church of Middleham.
+  39. The Camden Miscellany, Vol. I.
+  40. Life of Ld. Grey of Wilton.
+  41. Diary of Walter Yonge, Esq.
+  42. Diary of Henry Machyn.
+  43. Visitation of Huntingdonshire.
+  44. Obituary of Rich. Smyth.
+  45. Twysden on the Government of England.
+  46. Letters of Elizabeth and James VI.
+  47. Chronicon Petroburgense.
+  48. Queen Jane and Queen Mary.
+  49. Bury Wills and Inventories.
+  50. Mapes de Nugis Curialium.
+  51. Pilgrimage of Sir R. Guylford.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MURRAY'S
+
+CONTINENTAL HANDBOOKS.
+
+ADVERTISEMENTS intended for insertion in the Present Year's New and
+Cheaper Issue of MURRAY'S HANDBOOKS FOR TRAVELLERS ON THE CONTINENT,
+must be forwarded to the Publisher before the 20th April, after which
+day none can be received.
+
+_50. Albermarle Street, London, April 2nd, 1853._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXIV., is NOW READY.
+
+CONTENTS:
+
+   I. APSELY HOUSE.
+  II. SCROPE'S HISTORY OF CASTLE COMBE.
+ III. HUMAN HAIR.
+  IV. THE OLD COUNTESS OF DESMOND.
+   V. HUNGARIAN CAMPAIGNS--KOSSUTH AND GOeRGEY.
+  VI. BUCKINGHAM PAPERS.
+ VII. SEARCH FOR FRANKLIN.
+VIII. THE TWO SYSTEMS AT PENTONVILLE.
+  IX. MAUREL ON THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON.
+
+JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS.
+
+THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE.
+
+(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY)
+
+Of Saturday, April 9, contains Articles on
+
+Agricultural statistics
+Barley, skinless
+Bean, Wilmot's kidney
+Books reviewed
+Calendar, horticultural
+---- agricultural
+Cedar and Deodar
+Celery, Cole's Crystal White
+Cineraria, culture of
+Conifers hurt by frost, by Mr. Cheetham
+Deodar and Cedar
+Drainage, land
+Emigration, Hursthouse on
+Fire at Windsor Castle
+Fish spawn
+Flax
+Flowers, select florist, by Mr. Edwards
+Fruits, names of
+---- to preserve
+Heating, by Mr. Lucas (with engravings)
+Horses and oxen, comparative merits of, for agricultural purposes
+Laudanum or opium
+Osiers
+Oxen and horses
+Pig feeding
+Plants, effect of the winter on, by Mr. Henderson
+Plums, American, by Mr. Rivers
+----, Huling's superb, by Mr. Hogg
+Potato tubers
+Poultry Book, by Wingfield and Johnson, rev.
+Preserving fruits
+Rhododendron Dalhousiae
+Royal Botanic Garden, Kew
+Societies, proceedings of the Horticultural, National Floricultural,
+  Agricultural of England
+Soil, robbers of, by Mr. Goodiff
+Statistics, agricultural
+Tecoma grandiflora
+Tree, stem-roots of
+Vines, stem-roots of
+Windsor Castle, fire at
+Winter, effects of
+
+               *       *       *
+
+THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in addition
+to the above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and Liverpool
+prices, with returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coat, Timber, Bark,
+Wool, and Seed Markets, and a _complete Newspaper, with a condensed
+account of all the transactions of the week_.
+
+ORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE, for Advertisements, 5. Upper Wellington
+Street, Covent Garden, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the
+Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the
+Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE
+BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the
+West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street
+aforesaid.--Saturday, April 16. 1853.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, No. 181, April 16,
+1853, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NO. 181 ***
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