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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Magnificent Montez, by Horace Wyndham
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Magnificent Montez
+       From Courtesan to Convert
+
+Author: Horace Wyndham
+
+Release Date: May 12, 2007 [EBook #21421]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MAGNIFICENT MONTEZ ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Suzanne Shell, Sankar Viswanathan, and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+         [Illustration: _Lola Montez, Countess of Landsfeld_
+
+       (_From a lithograph by Prosper Guillaume Dartiguenave_)]
+
+
+
+
+                                 THE
+
+                             MAGNIFICENT
+
+                                MONTEZ
+
+
+                     _From Courtesan to Convert_
+
+
+
+
+                                 _By_
+
+                            HORACE WYNDHAM
+
+
+
+             "When you met Lola Montez, her reputation
+             made you automatically think of bedrooms."
+
+                                           --ALDOUS HUXLEY.
+
+
+
+
+                          HILLMAN-CURL, INC.
+
+                             _Publishers_
+
+                               NEW YORK
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+FOREWORD
+
+
+Sweep a drag-net across the pages of contemporary drama, and it is
+unquestionable that in her heyday no name on the list stood out, in
+respect of adventure and romance, with greater prominence than did
+that of Lola Montez. Everything she did (or was credited with doing)
+filled columns upon columns in the press of Europe and America; and,
+from first to last, she was as much "news" as any Hollywood heroine of
+our own time. Yet, although she made history in two hemispheres, it
+has proved extremely difficult to discover and unravel the real facts
+of her glamorous career. This is because round few (if any) women has
+been built up such a honeycomb of fable and fantasy and imagination as
+has been built up round this one.
+
+Even where the basic points are concerned there is disagreement. Thus,
+according to various chroniclers, the Sultan of Turkey, an "Indian
+Rajah" (unspecified), Lord Byron, the King of the Cannibal Islands,
+and a "wealthy merchant," each figure as her father, with a "beautiful
+Creole," a "Scotch washerwoman," and a "Dublin actress" for her
+mother; and Calcutta, Geneva, Limerick, Montrose, and Seville--and a
+dozen other cities scattered about the world--for her birthplace. This
+sort of thing is--to say the least of it--confusing.
+
+But Lola Montez was something of an anachronism, and had as lofty a
+disregard for convention as had the ladies thronging the Court of
+Merlin. Nor, it must be admitted, was she herself any pronounced
+stickler for exactitude. Thus, she lopped half a dozen years off her
+age, allotted her father (whom she dubbed a "Spanish officer of
+distinction") a couple of brevet steps in rank, and insisted on an
+ancestry to which she was never entitled.
+
+Still, if Lola Montez deceived the public about herself, others have
+deceived the public about Lola Montez. Thus, in one of his books,
+George Augustus Sala solemnly announced that she was a sister of Adah
+Isaacs Menken; and a more modern writer, unable to distinguish between
+Ludwig I and his grandson Ludwig II, tells us that she was "intimate
+with the mad King of Bavaria." To anybody (and there still are such
+people) who accepts the printed word as gospel, slips of this sort
+destroy faith.
+
+As a fount of information on the subject, the _Autobiography_
+(alleged) of Lola Montez, first published in 1859, is worthless. The
+bulk of it was written for her by a clerical "ghost" in America, the
+Rev. Chauncey Burr, and merely serves up a tissue of picturesque and
+easily disproved falsehoods. A number of these, by the way, together
+with some additional embroideries, are set out at greater length in
+other volumes by Ferdinand Bac (who confounds Ludwig I with Maximilian
+II) and the equally unreliable Eugène de Mirecourt and Auguste Papon.
+German writers, on the other hand, have, if apt to be long-winded, at
+least avoided the more obvious pitfalls. Among the books and pamphlets
+(many of them anonymous) of Teutonic origin, the following will repay
+research: _Die Gräfin Landsfeld_ (Gustav Bernhard); _Lola Montez,
+Gräfin von Landsfeld_ (Johann Deschler); _Lola Montez und andere
+Novellen_ (Rudolf Ziegler); _Lola Montez und die Jesuiten_ (Dr. Paul
+Erdmann); _Die spanische Tänzerin und die deutsche Freiheit_ (J.
+Beneden); _Die Deutsche Revolution, 1848-1849_ (Hans Blum); _Ein
+vormarzliches Tanzidyll_ (Eduard Fuchs); _Abenteur der beruhmten
+Tänzerin_; _Anfang und Ende der Lola Montez in Bayern_; _Die Munchener
+Vergange_; _Unter den vier ersten Königen Bayerns_ (Luise von Kobell);
+and, in particular, the monumental _Histeriche_ of Heinrich von
+Treitschke. But one has to milk a hundred cows to get even a pint of
+Lola Montez cream.
+
+With a view to gathering at first hand reliable and hitherto
+unrecorded details, visits have recently been made by myself to
+Berlin, Brussels, Dresden, Leningrad, Munich, Paris, and Warsaw, etc.,
+in each of which capitals some portion of colourful drama of Lola
+Montez was unfolded. In a number of directions, however, the result of
+such investigations proved disappointing.
+
+"Lola Montez--h'm--what sort of man was he?" was the response of a
+prominent actor, recommended to me as a "leading authority on anything
+to do with the stage"; and the secretary of a theatrical club, anxious
+to be of help, wrote: "Sorry, but none of our members have any
+personal reminiscences of the lady." As she had then been in her grave
+for more than seventy years, it did not occur to me that even the
+senior _jeune premier_ among them would have retained any very vivid
+recollections of her. Still, many of them were quite old enough to
+have heard something of her from their predecessors.
+
+But valuable assistance in eliciting the real facts connected with the
+career of this remarkable woman, and disentangling them from the
+network of lies and fables in which they have long been enmeshed, has
+come from other sources. Among those to whom a special debt must be
+acknowledged are Edmund d'Auvergne (author of a carefully documented
+study), _Lola Montez_ (_an Adventuress of the 'Forties_); Gertrude
+Aretz (author of _The Elegant Woman_); Bernard Falk (author of _The
+Naked Lady_); Arthur Hornblow (author of _A History of the Theatre in
+America_); Harry Price (Hon. Sec. University of London Council for
+Psychical Investigation); Philip Richardson (editor of _The Dancing
+Times_); and Constance Rourke (author of _Troupers of the Gold
+Coast_); and further information has been forthcoming from Mrs.
+Charles Baker (Ruislip), and John Wade (Acton).
+
+Much help in supplying me with important letters and documents and
+hitherto unpublished particulars relating to the trail blazed by Lola
+Montez in America has been furnished by the following: Miss Mabel R.
+Gillis (State Librarian, Californian State Library, Sacramento); Mrs.
+Lillian Hall (Curator, Harvard Theatre Collection); Miss Ida M. Mellen
+(New York); Mrs. Helen Putnam van Sicklen (Library of the Society of
+Californian Pioneers); Mrs. Annette Tyree (New York); Mr. John
+Stapleton Cowley-Brown (New York); Mr. Lewis Chase (Hendersonville);
+Professor Kenneth L. Daughrity (Delta State Teachers' College,
+Cleveland); Mr. Frank Fenton (Stanford University, California); Mr.
+Harold E. Gillingham (Librarian, Historical Society of Pennsylvania);
+Mr. W. Sprague Holden (Associate-Editor, Argonaut Publishing Company,
+San Francisco); and Mr. Milton Lord (Director, Public Library,
+Boston).
+
+In addition to these experts, I am also indebted to Monsieur Pierre
+Tugal (Conservateur, Archives de la Danse, Paris); and to the
+directors and staffs of the Bibliothèque d'Arsenal, Paris, and of the
+Theatrical Museum, Munich, who have generously placed their records at
+my disposal.
+
+Unlike his American and Continental colleagues, a public librarian in
+England said (on a postcard) that he was "too busy to answer
+questions."
+
+H. W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+FOREWORD
+
+CHAPTER
+
+I.      PRELUDE TO ADVENTURE
+
+II.     "MARRIED IN HASTE"
+
+III.    THE CONSISTORY COURT
+
+IV.     FLARE OF THE FOOTLIGHTS
+
+V.      A PASSIONATE PILGRIMAGE
+
+VI.     AN "AFFAIR OF HONOUR"
+
+VII.    "HOOKING A PRINCE"
+
+VIII.   LUDWIG THE LOVER
+
+IX.     "MAÎTRESSE DU ROI"
+
+X.      BURSTING OF THE STORM
+
+XI.     A FALLEN STAR
+
+XII.    A "LEFT-HANDED" MARRIAGE
+
+XIII.   ODYSSEY
+
+XIV.    THE "GOLDEN WEST"
+
+XV.     "DOWN UNDER"
+
+XVI.    FAREWELL TO THE FOOTLIGHTS
+
+XVII.   THE CURTAIN FALLS
+
+        APPENDIX I. "ARTS OF BEAUTY"
+
+        APPENDIX II. "LOLA MONTEZ' LECTURES"
+
+        INDEX
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+LOLA MONTEZ, COUNTESS OF LANDSFELD                   _Frontispiece_
+
+"JOHN COMPANY" TROOPS ON THE MARCH IN INDIA
+
+HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE, HAYMARKET, WHERE LOLA MONTEZ MADE HER DÉBUT
+
+BENJAMIN LUMLEY, LESSEE OF HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE
+
+LOLA MONTEZ, "SPANISH DANCER." DÉBUT AT HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE
+
+VISCOUNT RANELAGH, WHO ORGANISED A CABAL AGAINST LOLA MONTEZ
+
+ABBÉ LISZT, MUSICIAN AND LOVER
+
+FANNY ELSSLER, PREDECESSOR OF LOLA MONTEZ IN PARIS
+
+PORTE ST. MARTIN THEATRE, PARIS, WHERE LOLA WAS A "FLOP"
+
+SUPPER-PARTY AT LES FRÈRES PROVENÇAUX. FIRST ACT IN A TRAGEDY
+
+RESIDENZ PALACE, MUNICH, IN 1848. RESIDENCE OF LUDWIG I.
+
+"COMMAND" PORTRAIT. IN THE "GALLERY OF BEAUTIES," MUNICH
+
+KING OF BAVARIA. "LUDWIG THE LOVER"
+
+LOLA MONTEZ IN CARICATURE. "LOLA ON THE ALLEMANNEN HOUND"
+
+BERRYMEAD PRIORY, ACTON, WHERE LOLA MONTEZ LIVED WITH CORNET HEALD
+
+LOLA MONTEZ IN LONDON. AGED THIRTY
+
+A "BELLE OF THE BOULEVARDS." LOLA MONTEZ IN PARIS
+
+THE "SPIDER DANCE." CAUSE OF MUCH CRITICISM
+
+LOLA MONTEZ IN "LOLA IN BAVARIA." A "PLAY WITH A PURPOSE"
+
+LOLA AS A LECTURER. FROM STAGE TO PLATFORM
+
+LOLA MONTEZ IN MIDDLE LIFE. A CHARACTERISTIC POSE
+
+"LECTURES AND LIFE." FROM STAGE TO PLATFORM
+
+COUNTESS OF LANDSFELD. A FAVOURITE PORTRAIT
+
+GRAVE OF LOLA MONTEZ, IN GREEN-WOOD CEMETERY, NEW YORK
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE MAGNIFICENT MONTEZ
+
+CHAPTER I
+
+PRELUDE TO ADVENTURE
+
+
+I
+
+In a tearful column, headed "Necrology of the Year," a mid-Victorian
+obituarist wrote thus of a woman figuring therein:
+
+     This was one who, notwithstanding her evil ways, had a share
+     in some public transactions too remarkable to allow her name
+     to be omitted from the list of celebrated persons deceased
+     in the year 1861.
+
+     Born of an English or Irish family of respectable rank, at a
+     very early age the unhappy girl was found to be possessed of
+     the fatal gift of beauty. She appeared for a short time on
+     the stage as a dancer (for which degradation her sorrowing
+     relatives put on mourning, and issued undertakers' cards to
+     signify that she was now dead to them) and then blazed forth
+     as the most notorious Paphian in Europe.
+
+     Were this all, these columns would not have included her
+     name. But she exhibited some very remarkable qualities. The
+     natural powers of her mind were considerable. She had a
+     strong will, and a certain grasp of circumstances. Her
+     disposition was generous, and her sympathies very large.
+     These qualities raised the courtesan to a singular position.
+     She became a political influence; and exercised a
+     fascination over sovereigns and ministers more widely
+     extended than has perhaps been possessed by any other member
+     of the _demi-monde_. She ruled a kingdom; and ruled it,
+     moreover, with dignity and wisdom and ability. The political
+     Hypatia, however, was sacrificed to the rabble. Her power
+     was gone, and she could hope no more from the flattery of
+     statesmen. She became an adventuress of an inferior class.
+     Her intrigues, her duels, and her horse-whippings made her
+     for a time a notoriety in London, Paris, and America.
+
+     Like other celebrated favourites who, with all her personal
+     charms, but without her glimpses of a better human nature,
+     have sacrificed the dignity of womanhood to a profligate
+     ambition, this one upbraided herself in her last moments on
+     her wasted life; and then, when all her ambition and vanity
+     had turned to ashes, she understood what it was to have been
+     the toy of men and the scorn of women.
+
+Altogether a somewhat guarded suggestion of disapproval about the
+subject of this particular memoir.
+
+
+II
+
+Three years after the thunderous echoes of Waterloo had died away, and
+"Boney," behind a fringe of British bayonets, was safely interned on
+the island of St. Helena, there was born in barracks at Limerick a
+little girl. On the same day, in distant Bavaria, a sovereign was
+celebrating his thirty-fifth birthday. Twenty-seven years later the
+two were to meet; and from that meeting much history was to be
+written.
+
+The little girl who first came on the scene at Limerick was the
+daughter of one Ensign Edward Gilbert, a young officer of good Irish
+family who had married a Señorita Oliverres de Montalva, "of Castle
+Oliver, Madrid." At any rate, she claimed to be such, and also that
+she was directly descended from Francisco Montez, a famous toreador of
+Seville. There is a strong presumption, however, that here she was
+drawing on her imagination; and, as for the "Castle Oliver" in Sunny
+Spain, well, that country has never lacked "castles."
+
+The Oliver family, as pointed out by E. B. d'Auvergne in his carefully
+documented _Adventuresses and Adventurous Ladies_, was really of Irish
+extraction, and had been settled in Limerick since the year 1645. "The
+family pedigree," he says, "reveals no trace of Spanish or Moorish
+blood." Further, by the beginning of the last century, the main line
+had, so far as the union of its members was blessed by the Church,
+expired, and no legitimate offspring were left. Gilbert's spouse,
+accordingly, must, if a genuine Oliverres, have come into the world
+with a considerable blot on her 'scutcheon.
+
+Still, if there were no hidalgos perched on her family tree, Mrs.
+Gilbert probably had some good blood in her veins. As a matter of
+fact, there is some evidence adduced by a distant relative, Miss D. M.
+Hodgson, that she was really an illegitimate daughter of an Irishman,
+Charles Oliver, of Castle Oliver (now Cloghnafoy), Co. Limerick, and a
+peasant girl on his estate. This is possible enough, for the period
+was one when squires exercised "seigneurial rights," and when colleens
+were complacent. If they were not, they had very short shrift.
+
+Mrs. Gilbert's wedding had been a hasty one. Still, not a bit too
+hasty, since the doctor and monthly nurse had to be summoned almost
+before the ink was dry on the register. As a matter of fact, Mrs.
+Gilbert must have gone to church in the condition of ladies who love
+their lords, for this "pledge of mutual affection" was born in
+Limerick barracks while the honeymoon was still in full swing, and
+within a couple of months of the nuptial knot being tied. She was
+christened Marie Dolores Eliza Rosanna, but was at first called by the
+second of these names. This, however, being a bit of a mouthful for a
+small child, she herself soon clipped it to the diminutive Lola. The
+name suited her, and it stuck.
+
+While these facts are supported by documentary evidence, they have not
+been "romantic" enough to fit in with the views of certain foreign
+biographers. Accordingly, they have given the child's birthplace as
+in, among other cities, Madrid, Lucerne, Constantinople, and Calcutta;
+and one of them has even been sufficiently daring to make her a
+daughter of Lord Byron. Larousse, too, not to be behindhand, says that
+she was "born in Seville, of a Spanish father"; and, alternatively,
+"in Scotland, of an English father." Both accounts, however, are
+emphatic that her mother was "a young Creole of astonishing
+loveliness, who had married two officers, a Spaniard and an
+Englishman."
+
+It was to Edward Gilbert's credit that he had not joined the Army with
+the King's commission in his pocket, but in a more humble capacity,
+that of a private soldier. Gallant service in the field had won him
+advancement; and in 1817 he was selected for an ensigncy in the 25th
+Foot, thus exchanging his musket and knapsack for the sword and sash
+of an officer. From the 25th Foot he was, five years later,
+transferred to the 44th Foot, commanded by Colonel Morrison. In 1822,
+its turn coming round for a spell of foreign service, the regiment
+moved from Dublin to Chatham and embarked for India. Sailing with his
+wife and child, the young officer, after a voyage that lasted the best
+(or worst) part of six months, landed at Calcutta and went into
+barracks at Fort William. On arrival there, "the newcomers," says an
+account that has been preserved, "were entertained with lavish
+hospitality and in a fashion to be compared only with the festivities
+pictured in the novels of Charles Lever." But all ranks had strong
+heads, and were none the worse for it.
+
+During the ensuing summer the regiment got "the route," and was
+ordered up country to Dinapore, a cantonment near Patna, on the
+Ganges, that had been founded by Warren Hastings. It was an unhealthy
+station, especially for youngsters fresh from England. A burning sun
+by day; hot stifling nights; and no breath of wind sweeping across the
+parched ghats. Within a few weeks the dreaded cholera made its
+appearance; the melancholy roll of muffled drums was heard every
+evening at sunset; and Ensign Gilbert was one of the first victims.
+
+[Illustration: "John Company" troops on the march in India]
+
+The widow, it is recorded, was "left to the care and protection of
+Mrs. General Brown," the wife of the brigadier. But events were
+already marching to their appointed end; and, as a result, this
+charitable lady was soon relieved of her charge.
+
+Left a young widow (not yet twenty-five) with a child of five to bring
+up, and very little money on which to do it (for her husband had only
+drawn 108 rupees a month), the position in which Mrs. Gilbert found
+herself was a difficult one. "You can," wrote Lola, years afterwards,
+"have but a faint conception of the responsibility." Warm hearts,
+however, were at hand to befriend her. The warmest among them was that
+of a brother officer of her late husband, Lieutenant Patrick Craigie,
+of the 38th Native Infantry, then quartered at Dacca. A bachelor and
+possessed of considerable private means, he invited her to share his
+bungalow. The invitation was accepted. As a result, there was a
+certain amount of gossip. This, however, was promptly silenced by a
+second invitation, also accepted, to share his name; and, in August,
+1824, Mrs. Gilbert, renouncing her mourning and her widowhood,
+blossomed afresh as Mrs. Craigie. It is said that the ceremony was
+performed by Bishop Heber, Metropolitan of Calcutta, who happened to
+be visiting Dacca at the time. Very soon afterwards the benedict
+received a staff appointment as deputy-adjutant-general at Simla,
+combined with that of deputy-postmaster at Headquarters. This sent him
+a step up the ladder to the rank of captain and brought a welcome
+addition to his pay. In the opinion of the station "gup," some of it
+not too charitable, the widow "had done well for herself."
+
+Captain Craigie, who appears to have been a somewhat Dobbin-like
+individual, proved an affectionate husband and step-father. The
+little girl's prettiness and precocity appealed to him strongly. He
+could not do enough for her; and he spoiled her by refusing to check
+her wayward disposition and encouraging her mischievous pranks. It was
+not a good upbringing; and, as dress and "society" filled the thoughts
+of her mother, the "Miss Baba" was left very much to the care of the
+swarms of native servants attached to the bungalow. She was petted by
+all with whom she came into contact, from the gilded staff of
+Government House down to the humblest sepoy and bearer. Lord Hastings,
+the Commander-in-Chief--a rigid disciplinarian who had reintroduced
+the "cat" when Lord Minto, his predecessor in office, had abolished
+it--smiled affably on her. She sat on the laps of be-medalled
+generals, veterans of Assaye and Bhurtpore, and pulled their whiskers
+unchecked; and she ran wild in the compounds of the civilian big-wigs
+and mercantile nabobs who, as was the custom in the days of "John
+Company," had shaken the pagoda tree to their own considerable profit.
+After all, as they said, when any protest filtered through to
+Leadenhall Street, what were the natives for, except to be exploited;
+and busybodies who took them to task were talking nonsense. Worse,
+they were "disloyal."
+
+As, however, there were adequate reasons why children could not stop
+in the country indefinitely, Lola's step-father, after much anxious
+consideration, decided that, since she was running wild and getting
+into mischief, the best thing to do with her would be to have her
+brought up by his relatives in Scotland. A suitable escort having been
+found and a passage engaged, in the autumn of 1826 she was sent to
+Montrose, where his own father, a "venerable man occupying the
+position of provost, and sisters were living."
+
+From India to Scotland was a considerable change. Not a change for the
+better, in the opinion of the new arrival there. The Montrose
+household, ruled by Captain Craigie's elderly sisters, was a dour and
+strict one, informed by an atmosphere of bleak and chill Calvinism.
+All enjoyment was frowned upon; pleasure was "worldly" and had to be
+severely suppressed. No more petting and spoiling for the little girl.
+Instead, a regime of porridge and prayers and unending lessons. As a
+result the child was so wretched that, convinced her mother would
+prove unsympathetic, she wrote to her step-father, begging to be sent
+back to him. This, of course, was impossible. Still, when the letter,
+blotted with tears, reached him in Calcutta, Captain Craigie's heart
+was touched. If she was unhappy among his kinsfolk at Montrose, he
+would send her somewhere else. But where? That was the question.
+
+As luck would have it, by the same mail a second letter, offering a
+solution of the problem, arrived from an Anglo-Indian friend. This was
+Sir Jasper Nicolls, K.C.B., a veteran of Assaye and Bhurtpore, who had
+settled down in England and wanted a young girl as companion for, and
+to be brought up with, his own motherless daughter. The two got into
+correspondence; and, the necessary arrangements having been completed,
+little Lola Gilbert, beside herself with delight, was in the summer of
+1830 packed off to Sir Jasper's house at Bath.
+
+"Are you sorry to leave us?" enquired the eldest Miss Craigie.
+
+"Not a bit," was the candid response.
+
+"Mark my words, Miss, you'll come to a bad ending," predicted the
+other sourly.
+
+
+III
+
+But if Bath was to be a "bad ending," it was certainly to be a good
+beginning. There, instead of bleakness and constant reproof, Lola
+found herself wrapped in an atmosphere of warmth and friendliness. Sir
+Jasper was kindness itself; and his daughter Fanny made the newcomer
+welcome. The two girls took to one another from the first, sharing
+each other's pleasures as they shared each other's studies. Thus, they
+blushed and gushed when required; sewed samplers and copied texts;
+learned a little French and drawing; grappled with Miss Mangnall's
+_Questions for the Use of Young People_; practised duets and ballads;
+touched the strings of the harp; wept over the poems of "L.E.L."; read
+Byron surreptitiously, and the newly published _Sketches by Boz_
+openly; admired the "Books of Beauty" and sumptuously bound "Keepsake
+Annuals," edited by the Countess of Blessington and the Hon. Mrs.
+Norton; laughed demurely at the antics of that elderly figure-of-fun,
+"Romeo" Coates, when he took the air in the Quadrant; wondered why
+that distinguished veteran, Sir Charles Napier, made a point of
+cutting Sir Jasper Nicolls; curtsied to the little Princess Victoria,
+then staying at the York Hotel, and turned discreetly aside when the
+Duchess de Berri happened to pass; and (since they were not entirely
+cloistered) attended, under the watchful eye of a governess, "select"
+concerts in the Assembly Rooms (with Catalini and Garsia in the
+programmes) and an occasional play at the Theatre Royal, where from
+time to time they had a glimpse of Fanny Kemble and Kean and Macready;
+and, in short, followed the approved curriculum of young ladies of
+their position in the far off-days when William IV was King.
+
+Although Sir Jasper had a hearty and John Bullish contempt for
+foreigners--and especially for the "Froggies" he had helped to drub at
+Waterloo--he felt that they, none the less, had their points; and that
+they were born on the wrong side of the Channel was their misfortune,
+rather than their fault. Accordingly, there was an interval in Paris,
+where the two girls were sent to learn French. There, in addition to a
+knowledge of the language, Lola acquired a technique that was
+afterwards to prove valuable amid other and very different
+surroundings. If de Mirecourt (a far from reliable authority) is to be
+believed, she was also, during this period, presented to King Charles
+X by the British Ambassador. On the evidence of dates, however, this
+could not have been the case, for Charles had relinquished his sceptre
+and fled to England long before Lola arrived in the country.
+
+After an interval, Sir Jasper felt that he ought to slip across to
+Paris himself, if only to make sure that his daughter and ward were
+"not getting into mischief, or having their heads filled with ideas."
+No sooner said than done and, posting to Dover, he took the packet.
+Having relieved his mind as to the welfare of the two girls, he turned
+his attention to other matters. As he had anticipated, a number of his
+old comrades who had settled in Paris gave him a warm welcome and
+readily undertook to "show him round." He enjoyed the experience. Life
+was pleasant there, and the theatres and cafés were attractive and a
+change from the austerities of Bath. The ladies, too, whom he
+encountered when he smoked his cheroot in the Palais Royal gardens,
+smiled affably on the "English Milord." Some of them, with very little
+encouragement, did more. "No nonsense about waiting for
+introductions."
+
+But, despite its amenities, Paris in the early 'thirties was not
+altogether a suitable resort for British visitors. The political
+atmosphere was distinctly ruffled. Revolution was in the air. Sir
+Jasper sniffed the coming changes; and was tactician enough to avoid
+being engulfed in the threatened maelstrom by slipping back to England
+with his young charges in the nick of time. Others of his compatriots,
+not so fortunate or so discreet, found themselves clapped into French
+prisons.
+
+Returning to the tranquillity of Bath, things resumed their normal
+course. Sir Jasper nursed his gout (changing his opinion of French
+cooking, to which he attributed a fresh attack) and the girls picked
+up the threads they had temporarily dropped.
+
+Always responsive to her environment, Lola expanded quickly in the
+sympathetic atmosphere of the Nicolls household. Before long,
+Montrose, with its "blue Scotch Calvinism," was but a memory. Instead
+of being snubbed and scolded, she was petted and encouraged. As a
+result, she grew cheerful and vivacious, full of high spirits and
+laughter. Perhaps because of her mother's Spanish blood, she matured
+early. At sixteen she was a woman. A remarkably attractive one, too,
+giving--with her raven tresses, long-lashed violet eyes, and graceful
+figure--promise of the ripe beauty for which she was afterwards to be
+distinguished throughout two hemispheres. Of a romantic disposition,
+she, naturally enough, had her _affaires_. Several of them, as it
+happened. One of them was with an usher, who had slipped amorous
+missives into her prayer-book. Greatly daring, he followed this up by
+bearding Sir Jasper in his den and asking permission to "pay his
+addresses" to his ward. The warrior's response was unconciliatory.
+Still, he could not be angry when, on being challenged, the girl
+laughed at him.
+
+"Egad!" he declared. "But, before long, Miss, you'll be setting all
+the men by the ears."
+
+Prophetic words.
+
+
+IV
+
+During the interval that elapsed since they last met, Mrs. Craigie had
+troubled herself very little about the child she had sent to England.
+When, however, she received her portrait from Sir Jasper, together
+with a glowing description of her attractiveness and charm, the
+situation assumed a fresh aspect. Lola, she felt, had become an asset,
+instead of an anxiety; and, as such, must make a "good" marriage. Bath
+swarmed with detrimentals, and there was a risk of a pretty girl,
+bereft of a mother's watchful care, being snapped up by one of them.
+Possibly, a younger son, without a penny with which to bless himself.
+A shuddering prospect for an ambitious mother. Obviously, therefore,
+the thing to do was to get her daughter out to India and marry her off
+to a rich husband. The richer, the better.
+
+Mrs. Craigie went to work in business-like fashion, and cast a
+maternal eye over the "eligibles" she met at Government House. The one
+among them she ultimately selected as a really desirable son-in-law
+was a Calcutta judge, Sir Abraham Lumley. It was true he was more than
+old enough to be the girl's father, and was distinctly liverish. But
+this, she felt, was beside the point, since he had accumulated a vast
+number of rupees, and would, before long, retire on a snug pension.
+
+Sir Abraham was accordingly sounded. Hardened bachelor as he was, a
+single glance at Lola's portrait was enough to send his blood-pressure
+up to fever heat. In positive rapture at the idea of such fresh young
+loveliness becoming his, he declared himself ready to change his
+condition, and discussed handsome settlements.
+
+With everything thus cut and dried, as she considered, Mrs. Craigie
+took the next step in her programme. This was to leave India for
+England, during the autumn of 1836, and tell Lola of the "good news"
+in store for her. She was then to bring her back to Calcutta and the
+expectant arms of Sir Abraham.
+
+Honest Captain Craigie looked a little dubious when he was consulted.
+
+"Perhaps she won't care about him," he suggested.
+
+"Fiddlesticks!" retorted his wife. "Any girl would jump at the chance
+of being Lady Lumley. Think of the position."
+
+"I'm thinking of Lola," he said.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II
+
+"MARRIED IN HASTE"
+
+
+I
+
+Among the passengers accompanying Mrs. Craigie on the long voyage to
+Southampton was a Lieutenant Thomas James, a debonair young officer of
+the Bengal Infantry, who made himself very agreeable to her and with
+whom he exchanged many confidences. He was going home on a year's sick
+leave; and at the suggestion of his ship-board acquaintance he decided
+to spend the first month of it in Bath.
+
+"It's time I settled down," he said. "Who knows, but I might pick up a
+wife in Bath and take her back to India with me."
+
+"Who knows," agreed Mrs. Craigie, her match-making instincts aroused.
+"Bath is full of pretty girls."
+
+The meeting between mother and daughter developed very differently
+from the lines on which she had planned it. Contrary to what she had
+expected, Lola did not evince any marked readiness to fall in with
+them. Quite undazzled by the prospects of becoming Lady Lumley, and
+reclining on Sir Abraham's elderly bosom, she even went so far as to
+dub the learned judge a "gouty old rascal," and declared that nothing
+would induce her to marry him. Neither reproaches nor arguments had
+any effect. Nor would she exhibit the smallest interest in the
+trousseau for which (but without her knowledge) lavish orders had been
+given.
+
+Poor Mrs. Craigie could scarcely believe her ears. For a daughter to
+run counter to the wishes of her mother, and to snap her fingers at
+the chance of marrying a "title," was something she had considered
+impossible. What on earth were girls coming to, she wondered. Either
+the Paris "finishing school" or the Bath air had gone to her head. The
+times were out of joint, and the theory that daughters did what they
+were told was being rudely upset. It was all very disturbing.
+
+In her astonishment and annoyance, Mrs. Craigie took to her bed.
+However, she did not stop there long, for prompt measures had to be
+adopted. As it was useless to tackle Sir Jasper Nicolls (whom she held
+responsible for the upset to her plans) she sought counsel of somebody
+else. This was her military friend, who, as luck would have it, was
+still lingering in Bath, where he had evidently discovered some
+special attraction. After all, he was a "man of the world" and would
+know what to do. Accordingly, she summoned him to a consultation, and
+unburdened her mind on the subject of Lola's "oddness."
+
+"Of course, the girl's mad," she declared. "Nothing else would account
+for it. Can you imagine any girl in her senses turning up her nose at
+such a match? I never heard such rubbish. I'm sure I don't know what
+Sir Abraham will say. He expects her to join him in Calcutta by the
+end of the year. As a matter of fact, I've already booked her passage.
+The wedding is to be from our house there. Something will have to be
+done. The question is, what?"
+
+"Leave it to me," was the airy response. "I'll talk to her."
+
+Thomas James did "talk." He talked to some effect, but not at all in
+the fashion Mrs. Craigie had intended. Expressing sympathy with Lola,
+he declared himself entirely on her side. She was much too young and
+pretty and attractive, he said, to dream for an instant of marrying a
+man who was old enough to be her grandfather, and bury herself in
+India. The idea was ridiculous. He had a much better plan to offer.
+When Lola, smiling through her tears, asked him what it was, he said
+that she must run away with him and they would get married. Thus the
+problem of her future would be solved automatically.
+
+The luxuriant whiskers and dashing air of Lieutenant Thomas James did
+their work. Further, the suggestion was just the sort of thing that
+happened to heroines in novels. Lola Gilbert, young and romantic and
+inexperienced, succumbed. Watching her opportunity, she slipped out of
+the house early the next morning. Her lover had a post-chaise in
+readiness, and they set off in it for Bristol. There they took the
+packet and crossed over to Ireland, where James had relatives, who, he
+promised, would look after her until their marriage should be
+accomplished.
+
+"Elopement in High Life!" A tit-bit of gossip for the tea-tables and
+for the bucks at the clubs. No longer a sleepy hollow. Bath was in the
+"news."
+
+It was not until they were gone that Mrs. Craigie discovered what had
+happened. Her first reaction was one of furious indignation. This,
+however, was natural, for not only had her ambitious project gone
+astray, but she had been deceived by the very man she had trusted. It
+was more than enough to upset anybody, especially as she was also
+confronted with the unpleasant task of writing to Sir Abraham Lumley,
+and telling him what had happened. As a result, she announced that she
+would "wash her hands" of the pair of them.
+
+While it was one thing to run away, it was, as Lola soon discovered,
+another thing to get married. An unexpected difficulty presented
+itself, as the parish priest whom they consulted refused to perform
+the ceremony for so young a girl without being first assured of her
+mother's consent. Mrs. Craigie, erupting tears and threats, declined
+to give it. Thereupon, James's married sister, Mrs. Watson, sprang
+into the breach and pointed out that "things have gone so far that it
+is now too late to draw back, if scandal is to be avoided." The
+argument was effective; and, a reluctant consent having been secured,
+on July 23, 1837, the "position was regularised" by the
+bridegroom's brother, the Rev. John James, vicar of Rathbiggon, County
+Meath. "Thomas James, bachelor, Lieutenant, 21st Bengal Native
+Infantry, and Rose Anna Gilbert, condition, spinster," was the entry
+on the certificate.
+
+[Illustration: _Her Majesty's Theatre, Haymarket, where Lola Montez
+made her début_]
+
+After a short honeymoon in Dublin, first at the Shamrock Hotel, and
+then in rather squalid lodgings (for cash was not plentiful), Lola was
+taken back to her husband's relatives. They lived in a dull Irish
+village on the edge of a peat bog, where the young bride found
+existence very boring. Then, too, when the glamour of the elopement
+had dimmed, it was obvious that her action in running away from Bath
+had been precipitate. Thomas, for all his luxuriant whiskers and dash,
+was, she reflected sadly, "nothing but the outside shell of a man,
+with neither a brain that she could respect nor a heart she could
+love." A sorry awakening from the dreams in which she had indulged. As
+a matter of fact, they had nothing in common. The husband, who was
+sixteen years his wife's senior, cared for little but hunting and
+drinking, and Lola's tastes were mainly for dancing and flirting.
+
+It was in Dublin, where, much to her satisfaction, her spouse was
+ordered on temporary duty, that she discovered a ready outlet for
+these activities.
+
+"Dear dirty Dublin" was, to Lola's way of thinking, a vast improvement
+on Rathbiggon. At any rate, there was "society," smart young officers
+and rising politicians, instead of clodhopping squireens and village
+boors, to talk to, and shops where the new fashions could be examined,
+and theatres with real London actors and actresses. If only she had
+had a little money to spend, she would have been perfectly happy. But
+Tom James had nothing beyond his pay, which scarcely kept him in
+cheroots and car fares. Still, this did not prevent him running up
+debts.
+
+The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland at that period was the Earl of Mulgrave
+("the Elegant Mulgrave"), afterwards Marquess of Normanby. A great
+admirer of pretty women, and fond of exercising the Viceregal
+privilege of kissing attractive débutantes, the drawing-rooms at the
+Castle were popular functions under his regime. He showed young Mrs.
+James much attention. The aides-de-camp, prominent among whom were
+Bernal Osborne and Francis Sheridan, followed the example thus set
+them by their chief; and tickets for balls and concerts and
+dinner-parties and drums and routs were showered upon her.
+
+Thinking that these compliments and attentions were being overdone,
+Lieutenant James took them amiss and elected to become jealous. He
+talked darkly of "calling out" one of his wife's admirers. But before
+there could be any early morning pistol-play in the Phoenix Park, an
+unexpected solution offered itself. Trouble was suddenly threatened on
+the Afghan frontier; and, in the summer of 1837, all officers on leave
+from India were ordered to rejoin their regiments. Welcoming the
+prospect of thus renewing her acquaintance with a country of which she
+still had pleasant memories, Lola set to work to pack her trunks.
+
+If she had followed the advice of a certain "travellers' handbook,"
+written by Miss Emma Roberts, that was then very popular, she must
+have had a considerable amount of baggage. Thus, according to this
+authority, the "List of Necessaries for a Lady on a Voyage from
+England to India" included, among other items, the following articles:
+"72 chemises; 36 nightcaps; 70 pocket-handkerchiefs; 30 pairs of
+drawers (or combinations, at choice); 15 petticoats; 60 pairs of
+stockings; 45 pairs of gloves; at least 20 dresses of different
+texture; 12 shawls and parasols; and 3 bonnets and 15 morning caps,
+together with biscuits and preserves at discretion, and a dozen boxes
+of aperient pills." Nothing omitted. Provision for all contingencies.
+
+Officers were also required to provide themselves with an elaborate
+outfit. Thus, the list recommended in the _East India Voyage_ gives,
+among other necessary items, "72 calico shirts; 60 pairs of stockings;
+18 pairs of drawers; 24 pairs of gloves; and 20 pairs of trousers";
+together with uniform, saddlery, and camp equipment; and such odds
+and ends as "60 lbs. of wax candles and several bottles of ink."
+Nothing, however, about red-tape.
+
+A helpful hint furnished by Miss Roberts was that "A lady on
+ship-board, spruced up for the Park or the Opera, would only be an
+object of ridicule to her experienced companions. Frippery which would
+be discarded in England is often useful in India. Members of my sex,"
+she adds, "who have to study economy, can always secure bargains by
+acquiring at small cost items of fashion which, while outmoded in
+London, will be new enough by the time they reach Calcutta."
+
+A lady with such sound views on managing the domestic budget as Miss
+Emma Roberts should not have remained long in single blessedness.
+
+
+II
+
+Those were not the days of ocean greyhounds, covering the distance
+between England and India in a couple of weeks. Nor was there then any
+Suez Canal route to shorten the long miles that had to be traversed.
+Thus, when Lola and her spouse embarked from England in an East
+Indiaman, the voyage took nearly five months to accomplish, with calls
+at Madeira, St. Helena, and the Cape, before the welcome cry, "Land
+Ahead!" was heard and anchor was dropped at Calcutta.
+
+Lola's first acquaintance with India's coral strand had been made as a
+child of five. Now she was returning as a married woman. Yet she was
+scarcely eighteen. She did not stop in Calcutta long, for her
+husband's regiment was in the Punjaub, and a peremptory message from
+the brigadier required him to rejoin as soon as possible. It was at
+Kurnaul (as it was then spelled) that Lola began her experience of
+garrison life. Among the other officers she met there was a young
+subaltern of the Bengal Artillery, who, in the years to come, was to
+make a name for himself as "Lawrence of Lucknow."
+
+The year 1838 was, for both the Company's troops and the Queen's Army,
+an eventful one where India was concerned. During the spring Lord
+Auckland, the newly-appointed Governor-General, hatched the foolish
+and ill-conceived policy which led to the first Afghan war. His idea
+(so far as he had one) was, with the help of Brown Bess and British
+bayonets, to replace Dost Muhammed, who had sat on the throne there
+for twenty years without giving any real trouble, by an incompetent
+upstart of his own nomination, Shah Shuja.
+
+Lieutenant James's regiment, the 21st Bengal Native Infantry, was
+among those selected to join the expeditionary force appointed to
+"uphold the prestige of the British Raj"; and, as was the custom at
+that time, Lola, mounted on an elephant (which she shared with the
+colonel's better half), and followed by a train of baggage camels and
+a pack of foxhounds complete, accompanied her husband to the frontier.
+The other ladies included Mrs. McNaghten and Mrs. Robert Sale and the
+Governor-General's two daughters. It is just possible that Macaulay
+had a glimpse of Lola, for a contemporary letter says that "he turned
+out to wish the party farewell."
+
+The "Army of the Indus" was given a good send off by a loyal native
+prince, Ranjeet Singh (the "Lion of the Punjaub"), who, on their march
+up country, entertained the column in a rest-camp at Lahore with "showy
+pageants and gay doings," among which were nautch dances, cock-fights,
+and theatricals. He meant well, no doubt, but he contrived to upset a
+chaplain, who declared himself shocked that a "bevy of dancing
+prostitutes should appear in the presence of the ladies of the family of
+a British Governor-General." Judging from a luscious account that Lola
+gives of a big durbar, to which all the officers and their wives were
+bidden, these strictures were not unjustifiable. Thus, after Lord
+Auckland ("in sky blue inexpressibles") and his host had delivered
+patriotic speeches (with florid allusions to the "British Raj," the
+"Sahib Log," and the "Great White Queen," and all the rest of it) gifts
+were distributed among the assembled company. Some of these were of an
+embarrassing description, since they took the form of "beautiful
+Circassian slave maidens, covered with very little beyond precious
+gems." To the obvious annoyance, however, of a number of prospective
+recipients, "the Rajah was officially informed that English custom and
+military regulations alike did not permit Her Majesty's warriors to
+accept such tokens of goodwill."
+
+But, if they could not receive them, the guests had to make presents
+in turn, and Ranjeet Singh for his part had no qualms about accepting
+them. With true Oriental politeness, and "without moving a muscle," he
+registered rapture at a "miscellaneous collection of imitation gold
+and silver trinkets and rusty old pistols offered him on behalf of the
+Honourable East India Company."
+
+A correspondent of the _Calcutta Englishman_ was much impressed. "The
+particular gift," he says, "before which the Maharajah bent with the
+devotion of a _preux chevalier_ was a full-length portrait of our
+gracious little Queen, from the brush of the Hon. Miss Eden herself."
+
+In a letter from Lord Auckland's military secretary, the Hon. William
+Osborne, there is an account of these doings at Lahore:
+
+     Ranjeet has entertained us all most handsomely. No one in
+     the camp is allowed to purchase a single thing; and a list
+     is sent round twice a week in which you put down just what
+     you require, and it is furnished at his expense. It costs
+     him 25,000 rupees a day. Nothing could exceed his liberality
+     and friendship during the whole of the Governor-General's
+     visit.
+
+A second durbar, held at Simla, was accompanied by much florid
+imagery, all of which had to be interpreted for the benefit of Lord
+Auckland. "It took a quarter of an hour," says his sister, "to satisfy
+him about the Maharajah's health, and to ascertain that the roses had
+bloomed in the garden of friendship, and the nightingales had sung in
+the bowers of affection sweeter than ever since the two Powers had
+approached each other."
+
+The Afghan campaign, as ill conceived as it was ill carried out,
+followed its appointed course. That is to say, it was punctuated by
+"regrettable incidents" and quarrels among the generals (two of whom,
+Sir Henry Fane and Sir John Keane, were not on speaking terms); and,
+with the Afghans living to fight another day, a "success for British
+arms" was announced. Thereupon, the column returned to India, bands
+playing, elephants trumpeting a salute, and guns thundering a welcome.
+"The war," declared His Excellency (who had received an earldom) in an
+official despatch, "is all over." Unfortunately, however, it was all
+over Afghanistan, with the result that there had to be another
+campaign in the following year. This time, not even Lord Auckland's
+imagination could call it "successful."
+
+"There will be a great deal of prize money," was the complacent
+fashion in which Miss Eden summed up the situation. "Another man has
+been put on the Khelat throne, so that business is finished." But it
+was not finished. It was only just beginning. "Within six months,"
+says Edward Thompson, "Khelat was recaptured by a son of the slain
+Khan, Lord Auckland's puppet ejected, and the English commander of the
+garrison murdered."
+
+Although the expedition that followed was the subject of a highly
+eulogistic despatch from the Commander-in-Chief and the big-wigs at
+headquarters, a number of "regrettable incidents" were officially
+admitted. As a result, a regiment of Light Cavalry was disbanded, "as
+a punishment for poltroonery in the hour of trial and the dastards
+struck off the Army List."
+
+Later on, when Lord Ellenborough was Governor-General, a bombastic
+memorandum, addressed "To all the Princes and Chiefs and People of
+India," was issued by him:
+
+"Our victorious army bears the gates of the Temple of Somnauth in
+triumph from Afghanistan, and the despoiled tomb of Sultan Mahmood
+looks down upon the ruins of Ghuznee. The insult of 800 years is at
+last avenged!
+
+"To you I shall commit this glorious trophy of successful war. You
+will yourselves with all honour transmit the gates of sandalwood to
+the restored Temple of Somnauth.
+
+"May that good Providence, which has hitherto so manifestly protected
+me, still extend to me its favour, that I may so use the power
+entrusted to my hands to advance your prosperity and happiness by
+placing the union of our two countries upon foundations that may
+render it eternal."
+
+There was a good deal more in a similar style, for his lordship loved
+composing florid despatches. But this one had a bad reception when it
+was sent home to England. "At this puerile piece of business," says
+the plain spoken Stocqueler, "the commonsense of the British community
+at large revolted. The ministers of religion protested against it as a
+most unpardonable homage to an idolatrous temple. Ridiculed by the
+Press of India and England, and laughed at by the members of his own
+party in Parliament, Lord Ellenborough halted the gates at Agra, and
+postponed the completion of the monstrous folly he had more than begun
+to perpetrate."
+
+Severe as was this criticism, it was not unmerited. Ellenborough's
+theatrical bombast, like that of Napoleon at the Pyramids, recoiled
+upon him, bringing a hornets' nest about his own ears and leading to
+his recall. As a matter of fact, too, the gates which he held in such
+reverence were found to be replicas of the pair that the Sultan
+Mahmood had pilfered from Somnauth; and were not of sandalwood at all,
+but of common deal.
+
+
+III
+
+While following the drum from camp to camp and from station to
+station, Lola spent several months in Bareilly, a town that was
+afterwards to play an important part in the Mutiny. Colonel Durand, an
+officer who was present when the city was captured in 1858, says that
+the bungalow she occupied there was destroyed. Yet, the mutineers, he
+noticed, had spared the bath house that had been built for her in the
+compound.
+
+During the hot weather of 1839, young Mrs. James, accompanied by her
+husband, went off to Simla for a month on a visit to her mother, who,
+yielding to pressure, had at last held out the olive-branch. The
+welcome, however--except from Captain Craigie, who still had a warm
+corner in his heart for her--was somewhat frigid.
+
+There is a reference to this visit in _Up the Country_, a once popular
+book by Lord Auckland's sister, the Hon. Emily Eden. Following the coy
+fashion of the period, however, she always refrained from giving a
+name in full, but would merely allude to people as "Colonel A," "Mr.
+B," "Mrs. C," and "Miss D," etc. Still, the identities of "Mrs. J" and
+"Mrs. C" in this extract are clear enough:
+
+     _September 8, 1839._
+
+     Simla is much moved just now by the arrival of a Mrs. J, who
+     has been talked of as a great beauty all the year, and that
+     drives every other woman quite distracted.... Mrs. J is the
+     daughter of a Mrs. C, who is still very handsome herself,
+     and whose husband is deputy-adjutant-general, or some
+     military authority of that kind. She sent this only child to
+     be educated at home, and went home herself two years ago to
+     see her. In the same ship was Mr. J, a poor ensign, going
+     home on sick leave. He told her he was engaged to be
+     married, consulted her about his prospects, and in the
+     meantime privately married this child at school. It was
+     enough to provoke any mother; but, as it now cannot be
+     helped, we have all been trying to persuade her for the last
+     year to make it up. She has withstood it till now, but at
+     last has consented to ask them for a month, and they arrived
+     three days ago.
+
+     The rush on the road was remarkable. But nothing could be
+     more satisfactory than the result, for Mrs. J looked
+     lovely, and Mrs. C has set up for her a very grand jonpaun,
+     with bearers in fine orange and brown liveries; and J is a
+     sort of smart-looking man with bright waistcoats and bright
+     teeth, with a showy horse, and he rode along in an attitude
+     of respectful attention to _ma belle mère_. Altogether, it
+     was an imposing sight, and I cannot see any way out of it
+     but magnanimous admiration.
+
+During this visit to Simla the couple were duly bidden to dine at
+Auckland House, on Elysium Hill, where they met His Excellency.
+
+"We had a dinner yesterday," wrote their hostess. "Mrs. J is
+undoubtedly very pretty, and such a merry unaffected girl. She is only
+seventeen now, and does not look so old; and when one thinks that she
+is married to a junior lieutenant in the Indian Army, fifteen years
+older than herself, and that they have 160 rupees a month, and are to
+pass their whole lives in India, I do not wonder at Mrs. C's
+resentment at her having run away from school."
+
+Writing to Lady Teresa Lister in England, Miss Eden gives an
+entertaining account of Simla at this date:
+
+     Everybody has been pleased and amused, except the two
+     clergymen who are here, and who have begun a course of
+     sermons against what they call a destructive torrent of
+     worldly gaiety. They had much better preach against the
+     destructive torrent of rain which has now set in for the
+     next three months, and not only washes away all gaiety, but
+     all the paths, in the literal sense, which lead to it.... I
+     do not count Simla as any grievance--nice climate, beautiful
+     place, constant fresh air, plenty of fleas, not much
+     society, everything that is desirable.
+
+In another letter, this indefatigable correspondent remarks:
+
+     Here, society is not much trouble, nor much anything else.
+     We give sundry dinners and occasional balls, and have hit
+     upon one popular device. Our band plays twice a week on one
+     of the hills here, and we send ices and refreshments to the
+     listeners, and it makes a nice little reunion with very
+     little trouble.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A further reference to the amenities of Government House at Simla
+during the Aucklands' regime is instructive, as showing that it was
+not a case of all work and no play:
+
+There are about ninety-six ladies here whose husbands are gone to the
+wars, and about twenty-six gentlemen--at least, there will, with good
+luck, be about that number. We have a very dancing set of
+aides-de-camp just now, and they are utterly desperate at the notion
+of our having no balls. I suppose we must begin on one in a fortnight;
+but it will be difficult, and there are several young ladies here with
+whom some of our gentlemen are much smitten. As they will have no
+rivals here, I am horribly afraid the flirtations may become serious,
+and then we shall lose some active aides-de-camp, and they will find
+themselves on ensign's pay with a wife to keep. However, they _will_
+have these balls, so it is not my fault.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+After she had left Simla and its round of gaieties, Lola was to have
+another meeting with the hospitable Aucklands. This took place in camp
+at Kurnaul, "a great ugly cantonment, all barracks and dust and guns
+and soldiers." Miss Eden, who was accompanying her brother on a tour
+through the district, wrote to her sister in England:
+
+_November 13, 1839._
+
+     We were at home in the evening, and it was an immense party;
+     but, except that pretty Mrs. J, who was at Simla, and who
+     looked like a star among the others, the women were all
+     plain.
+
+[Illustration: _Benjamin Lumley. Lessee of Her Majesty's Theatre_]
+
+A couple of days later, she added some further particulars:
+
+     We left Kurnaul yesterday morning. Little Mrs. J was so
+     unhappy at our going that we asked her to come and pass
+     the day here, and brought her with us. She went from tent to
+     tent and chattered all day and visited her friend, Mrs. M,
+     who is with the camp. I gave her a pink silk gown, and it
+     was altogether a very happy day for her evidently. It ended
+     in her going back to Kurnaul on my elephant, with E.N. by
+     her side, and Mr. J sitting behind. She had never been on an
+     elephant before, and thought it delightful.
+
+     She is very pretty, and a good little thing apparently. But
+     they are very poor, and she is very young and lively, and if
+     she falls into bad hands, she would laugh herself into
+     foolish scrapes. At present the husband and wife are very
+     fond of each other, but a girl who marries at fifteen hardly
+     knows what she likes.
+
+When she wrote this passage, Miss Eden might have been a Sibyl, for
+her words were to become abundantly true.
+
+
+IV
+
+Except when on active service, officers of the Company's Army were not
+overworked. Everything was left to the sergeants and corporals; and,
+while Thomas Atkins and Jack Sepoy trudged in the dust and sweated and
+drilled in their absurd stocks and tight tunics, the commissioned
+ranks, lolling in barracks, killed the long hours as they pleased.
+
+Following form, Captain James (the Afghan business had brought him a
+step in rank) did a certain amount of tiger-shooting and pig-sticking,
+and a good deal of brandy-swilling, combined with card-playing and
+gambling. As a husband, he was not a conspicuous success. "He slept,"
+complained Lola, feeling herself neglected, "like a boa-constrictor,"
+and, during the intervals of wakefulness, "drank too much porter." The
+result was, there were quarrels, instead of love-making, for they both
+had tempers.
+
+"Runaway matches, like runaway horses," Lola had once written, "are
+almost sure to end in a smash-up." In this case there was a
+"smash-up," for Tom James was not always sleeping and drinking. He had
+other activities. If fond of a glass, he was also fond of a lass. The
+one among them for whom he evinced a special fondness was a Mrs.
+Lomer, the wife of a brother officer, the adjutant of his regiment.
+His partiality was reciprocated.
+
+One morning when, without any suspicion of what was in store for them,
+Mrs. James and Adjutant Lomer sat down to their _chota-hazree_, two
+members of the accustomed breakfast party were missing. Enquiries
+having been set on foot, the fact was elicited that Captain James and
+Mrs. Lomer had gone out for an early ride. It must have been a long
+one, thought the camp, as they did not appear at dinner that evening.
+Messengers sent to look for them came back with a disturbing report.
+This was to the effect that the couple had slipped off to the Nilgiri
+Hills and had decided to stop there.
+
+The next morning a panting native brought a letter from the errant
+lady addressed to her furious spouse. This missive is (without
+explaining how he got it) reproduced by an American journalist, T.
+Everett Harré, in a series of articles, _The Heavenly Sinner_: "I
+suggest," runs an extract, "you come to your senses and give me my
+freedom ... I am going with a man of parts who knows how to give a
+woman the attentions she craves, and is himself glad to shake off a
+young chit of a wife who is too brainless to appreciate him."
+
+A first-class sensation. The entire cantonment throbbed and buzzed
+with excitement. The colonel fumed; the adjutant cursed; and there was
+talk of bringing the Don Juan Captain James to a court-martial for
+"conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman." But Lola, as was her
+custom, took it philosophically, doubtless reflecting that she was
+well rid of a spouse for whom she no longer cared, and went back to
+her mother in Calcutta.
+
+Mrs. Craigie's maternal heart-strings should have been wrung by the
+unhappy position of her daughter. They were not wrung. The clandestine
+marriage, with the upsetting of her own plans, still rankled and
+remained unforgiven and unforgotten. As a result, when she asked for
+shelter and sympathy, Lola received a very frigid welcome. Her
+step-father, however, took her part, and declared that his bungalow
+was open to her until other arrangements could be made for her future.
+Not being possessed of much imagination, his idea was that she should
+leave India temporarily and stop for a few months in Scotland with his
+brother, Mr. David Craigie, a man of substance and Provost of Perth.
+After an interval for reflection there, he felt that the differences
+of opinion that had arisen between her husband and herself would
+become adjusted, and the young couple resume marital relations.
+Accordingly, he wrote to his brother, asking him to meet her when she
+arrived in London and escort her to Perth.
+
+Lola, however, while professing complete agreement, had other views as
+to her future. She wanted neither a reconciliation with her husband
+nor a second experience of life with the Craigie family in Scotland.
+One such had been more than sufficient, but she was careful not to
+breathe a word on the subject. She kept her own counsel, and matured
+her own plans.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III
+
+THE CONSISTORY COURT
+
+
+I
+
+Sailing from Calcutta for London in an East Indiaman, at the end of
+1840, Lola was consigned by her step-father to the "special care" of a
+Mrs. Sturgis who was among the passengers. He obviously felt the
+parting. "Big salt tears," says Lola, "coursed down his cheeks," when
+he wished her a last farewell. He also gave her his blessing; and,
+what was more negotiable, a cheque for £1000. The two never met again.
+
+But although she had left India's coral strand, a memory of her
+lingered there for many years. In this connection, Sir Walter Lawrence
+says that he once found himself in a cantonment that had been deserted
+so long that it was swallowed up by the ever advancing jungle. "A
+wizened villager," he says, "recalled a high-spirited and beautiful
+girl, the young wife of an officer, who would creep up and push him
+into the water. 'Ah,' he said, with a smile of affection, 'she was a
+_badmash_, but she was always very kind to me.' She was better known
+afterwards as Lola Montez."
+
+At Madras a number of fresh comers joined the good ship _Larkins_ in
+which Lola was proceeding to England. Among them was a certain Captain
+Lennox, aide-de-camp to Lord Elphinstone, the Governor. An agreeable
+young man, and very different from the missionaries and civil servants
+who formed the bulk of the other male passengers. Lola and himself
+were soon on good terms. "Too good," was the acid comment of the
+ladies in whose society Captain Lennox exhibited no interest. The
+couple were inseparable. They sat at the same table in the saloon;
+they paced the deck together, arm in arm, on the long hot nights,
+preferring dark and unfrequented corners; their chairs adjoined; their
+cabins adjoined; and, so the shocked whisper ran, they sometimes
+mistook the one for the other.
+
+"Anybody can make a mistake in the dark," said Lola, when Mrs.
+Sturgis, remembering Captain Craigie's injunctions, and resolved at
+all costs to fulfil her trust, ventured on a remonstrance.
+
+Ninety years ago, travellers had to "rough it;" and the conditions
+governing a voyage from India to England were very different from
+those that now obtain. None of the modern amenities had any place in
+the accepted routine. Thus, no deck sports; no jazz band; no
+swimming-pool; no cocktail bar; not even a sweepstake on the day's
+run.
+
+But time had to be killed; and, as a young grass widow, Mrs. James
+felt that flirting was the best way of getting through it. Captain
+Lennox was the only man on board ship with whom she had anything in
+common. He was sympathetic, good-looking, and attentive. Also, he
+swore that he was "madly in love with her." The old, old story; but it
+did its work. Before the vessel berthed in London docks, Lola had come
+to a decision. A momentous decision. She would give David Craigie the
+slip, and, listening to his blandishments, cast in her lot with George
+Lennox.
+
+"I'll look after you," he said reassuringly. "Trust me for that, my
+dear."
+
+Lola did trust him. In fact, she trusted him to such an extent that,
+on reaching London, she stopped with him at the Imperial Hotel in
+Covent Garden; and then, when the manageress of that establishment
+took upon herself to make pointed criticisms, at his rooms in Pall
+Mall.
+
+Naturally enough, this sort of thing could not be hushed up for long.
+Meaning nods and winks greeted the dashing Lennox when he appeared at
+his club. Tongues wagged briskly. Some of them even wagged in distant
+Calcutta, where they were heard by Lola's husband. Ignoring his own
+amorous dalliance with a brother officer's spouse, he elected to feel
+injured. Resolved to assert himself, he got into touch with his London
+solicitors and instructed them to take the preliminary steps to
+dissolve his marriage. The first of these was to bring an action for
+what was then politely dubbed "crim. con." against the man he alleged
+to have "wronged" him.
+
+The lawyers would not be hurried; and things moved in leisurely
+fashion. Still, they moved to their appointed end; and, the necessary
+red tape being unwound, interrogatories administered, and the evidence
+of prying chambermaids and hotel servants collected and examined, in
+May, 1841, the case of James v. Lennox got into the list and was heard
+by Lord Denman and a special jury in the Court of Queen's Bench. Sir
+William Follett, the Solicitor-General, was briefed on behalf of the
+plaintiff, and Frederick Thesiger appeared for Captain Lennox.
+
+In his opening address, Sir William Follett (who had not been too well
+instructed) told the jury that the petitioner and his wife "had lived
+very happily together in India, and that the return of Mrs. James to
+England was due to a fall from her horse at Calcutta." While on the
+passage home, he continued, pulling out his _vox humana_ stop, the
+ship touched at Madras, where the defendant came on board; and,
+"during the long voyage, an intimacy sprang up between Mrs. James and
+himself which developed in a fashion that left the outraged husband no
+choice but to institute the present proceedings to recover damages for
+having been wantonly robbed of the affection and society of his
+consort."
+
+At this point, counsel for Captain Lennox (who, in pusillanimous
+fashion, had loved and sailed away, rather than stop and help the
+woman he had compromised) cut short his learned friend's tearful
+eloquence by admitting that he was prepared to accept a verdict, with
+£1000 damages. As the judge agreed, the case was abruptly terminated.
+
+This, however, was only the first round. In December of the following
+year, the next step was adopted, and a suit for divorce was commenced
+in the Consistory Court. As neither Mrs. James nor the Lothario-like
+Captain Lennox put in an appearance, Dr. Lushington, declaring himself
+satisfied that misconduct had been committed, pronounced a decree _a
+mensa et thoro_. All that this amounted to was merely a judicial
+separation.
+
+The report in _The Times_ only ran to a dozen lines. Considering that
+the paper cost fivepence a copy, this was not a very liberal
+allowance. Still, readers had better value in respect of another
+action in "high life" that was heard the same day, that of Lord and
+Lady Graves, which had a full column allotted it.
+
+
+II
+
+This was all that the public knew of the case. It did not seem much on
+which to blast a young wife's reputation. Dr. Lushington, the judge of
+the Consistory Court, however, knew a good deal more about the
+business than did the general public. This was because, during the
+preliminary hearing, held some months earlier and attended only by
+counsel and solicitors, a number of damaging facts had transpired.
+
+Mrs. James, said learned counsel for the petitioner, had "been guilty
+of behaviour at which a crocodile would tremble and blush." A serious
+charge to bring against a young woman. Still, in answer to the judge,
+he professed himself equipped with ample evidence to support it. His
+first witness was a retired civil servant, a Mr. Browne Roberts, who
+had known the respondent's husband, first, as a bachelor in India, and
+afterwards as a married man in Dublin. At the beginning of 1841, he
+had received a call, he said, from a Major McMullen to whom Captain
+Craigie had written, asking him to take charge of his step-daughter on
+her arrival in London and see her off to his relatives in Scotland.
+When, however, the major offered this hospitality, it was refused.
+Thereupon, Mr. Roberts had himself called at the Imperial Hotel,
+Covent Garden, and suggested that she should come and stop with his
+wife; and this invitation was also refused.
+
+Not much in this perhaps, but a good deal in what followed. Mrs.
+Elizabeth Walters, the manageress of the Imperial Hotel, said that on
+February 21, 1841, "a lady and gentleman arrived in a hackney cab,
+with luggage marked G. Lennox and Mrs. James, and booked a double
+room." Mrs. Walters had not, she admitted, "actually discovered them
+undressed, or sharing the bed," but "she would not have been surprised
+to have done so." Accordingly, when her travelling companion left the
+next morning, she taxed Mrs. James with misconduct. After telling her
+to "mind her own business," Mrs. James had declared that she and
+Captain Lennox were on the point of being married, and had then packed
+up and left the establishment.
+
+"What exactly did she say?" enquired the judge.
+
+"She said, 'what I choose to do is my own affair and nobody else's.'"
+
+On leaving the somewhat arid hospitality of the Covent Garden Hotel,
+Mrs. James had removed to a lodging-house just off Pall Mall, where
+she stopped for a month. Mrs. Martin, the proprietress, told the court
+that, during this period, Captain Lennox settled the bill, and "called
+there every day, often stopping till all hours of the night."
+
+The testimony of Mrs. Sarah Watson, the sister of Captain James, was
+that her brother had written to her in the autumn of 1840, saying that
+his wife had been thrown from her horse and was coming to England for
+medical treatment; and that he had written to his aunt, Mrs. Rae, of
+Edinburgh, suggesting that his wife should stop with her. Mrs. Watson,
+having "been told things," then called on Mrs. James in Covent Garden.
+"I spoke to her," she said, "of the shocking rumour that Captain
+Lennox had passed a night with her there, and pointed out the
+unutterable ruin that would result from a continuance of such
+deplorable conduct. I begged her to entrust herself to the care of
+Mrs. Rae. My entreaties were ineffectual. She positively declared,
+affirming with an oath, that she would do nothing of the kind."
+
+Among the passengers on board the East Indiaman by which Mrs. James
+had voyaged to England was Mrs. Ingram, the captain's wife. "The
+conduct of Mrs. James," she said, "was unguarded in the extreme, and
+her general behaviour was what is sometimes called flirting." Captain
+Ingram, who followed, had a still more disturbing story to recount.
+"On several occasions," he said, "I heard Mrs. James address the
+gentleman who joined us at Madras as 'Dear Lennox,' and she would even
+admit him to the privacy of her cabin while the other passengers were
+attending divine service on deck. When I spoke to her about it, she
+answered me in a very cool fashion."
+
+All this was distinctly damaging. The real sensation, however, was
+provided by Caroline Marden, a stewardess.
+
+"During the voyage from Madras," she told the astonished judge, "I
+more than once saw Captain Lennox lacing up Mrs. James's stays."
+
+"Did you see anything else?" faltered counsel.
+
+"Yes, I also saw her actually putting on her stockings while Captain
+Lennox was in her cabin!"
+
+There were limits to intimacies between the sexes. This was clearly
+among them. For a man to assist in adjusting a woman's stays, and
+watch her changing her stockings, could, in the opinion of the learned
+and experienced Dr. Lushington, only lead to one result. The worst
+result. Hence, he had no difficulty in pronouncing the decree for
+which the husband was applying.
+
+
+III
+
+All James had got for his activities in bringing his action was a
+divorce _a mensa et thoro_, that is, "from bed and board." But, while
+it was all he got, this measure of relief was probably all he wanted,
+as he was not contemplating a second experiment in matrimony, either
+with Mrs. Lomer or anybody else. Where his discarded wife was
+concerned, she would have to shift for herself. She no longer had any
+legal claim upon him; nor could she marry again during his lifetime.
+Her position was a somewhat pathetic one. Thus, she was alone and
+friendless; besmirched in reputation; abandoned by her husband; and
+deserted by her lover. But she still had her youth and her courage.
+
+The London of the 1840's, where Lola found herself cast adrift, was a
+curious microcosm and full of contrasts. A mixture of unabashed
+blackguardism and cloistered prudery; of double-beds and primness; of
+humbug and frankness; of liberty and restraint; of lust and license;
+of brutal horse-play passing for "wit," and of candour marching with
+cant. The working classes scarcely called their souls their own; women
+and children mercilessly exploited by smug profiteers; the "Song of
+the Shirt"; Gradgrind and Boanerges holding high festival; Tom and
+Jerry (on their last legs) and Corinthians wrenching off door knockers
+and upsetting policemen; and Exeter Hall and the Cider Cellars both in
+full swing. Altogether, an ill place of sojourn for an unprotected
+young woman.
+
+Exactly how this one supported herself during the next few months is
+not very clear, for, if she kept a diary, she never published it.
+According, however, to a Sunday organ, "she entangled the virtuous
+Earl of Malmesbury in a delicate kind of newspaper correspondence, an
+assertion having been made in public that she visited that pious
+nobleman at his own house." An odd story (of American origin, and
+quite unfounded) has it that, about this period, she established
+contact with a certain Jean François Montez, "an individual of immense
+wealth who lavished a fortune on her"; and Edward Blanchard, a hack
+dramatist of Drury Lane, contributes the somewhat unhelpful remark,
+"She became a Bohemian." Perhaps she did. But she had to discover a
+second career that would bring a little more grist to the mill. Such a
+course was imperative, since the balance of the £1000 her
+step-father had given her would not last indefinitely. Looking round,
+she felt that, all things considered, the stage offered the best
+prospects of earning a livelihood. Not a very novel decision.
+Nowadays, as an attractive young woman, with a little capital in her
+possession, she would have had more choice. Thus, she might have
+opened a hat shop, or run tea-rooms, or bred pet dogs, become a
+mannequin, or a dance club hostess, or even "gone on the films." But
+none of these avenues to feminine employment existed in the
+eighteen-forties. Hence, it was the footlights or nothing.
+
+[Illustration: _Lola Montez, "Spanish Dancer." Début at Her Majesty's
+Theatre_]
+
+She had the sense to put herself in the hands of an instructress. The
+one she selected was Fanny Kelly ("the only woman to whom Charles Lamb
+had screwed up sufficient courage to propose marriage"), who conducted
+a school of acting. Being honest, as well as capable, Miss Kelly took
+the measure of the would-be Ophelia very promptly.
+
+"You'll never make an actress," was her decision. "You've no talent
+for it."
+
+But, if the applicant had no talent, the other saw that she had
+something else. This was a pair of shapely legs, which, as a
+ballet-dancer, could yet twinkle in front of the footlights.
+
+This opinion being shared by its recipient, she lost no time in
+adopting it. As a preliminary, she went to Madrid. There, under expert
+tuition, she learned to rattle the castanets, and practised the bolero
+and the cachucha, as well as the classic arabesques and entrechats and
+the technique accompanying them. But she did not advance much beyond
+the simplest steps, for the time at her disposal was short, and the
+art of the ballerina is not to be acquired without years of unceasing
+study.
+
+According to a French journalist, an "English Milord" made Lola's
+acquaintance in Madrid. This was Lord Malmesbury, "who was so dazzled
+by the purity of her Spanish accent that he adopted her as a
+_compagnon de voyage_, and shared with her the horrors of bad cooking
+and the joys of nights in Granada." This fact, however, if it be a
+fact, is not to be found in the volume of "memoirs" that he
+afterwards published.
+
+Still, it seems that Lord Malmesbury did meet Lola. His own account of
+the incident is that, on returning to England from abroad, in the
+spring of the year 1843, he was asked by the Spanish Consul at
+Southampton to escort to London a young woman who had just landed
+there. He found her, he says, "a remarkably handsome person, who was
+in deep mourning and who appeared to be in great distress." While they
+were alone in the railway carriage, he improved the occasion and
+extracted from his travelling companion the story of her life.
+
+"She informed me," he says, "in bad English that she was the widow of
+Don Diego Leon, who had lately been shot by the Carlists after he was
+taken prisoner, and that she was going to London to sell some Spanish
+property that she possessed, and give lessons in singing, as she was
+very poor."
+
+Notwithstanding his diplomatic training, Lord Malmesbury swallowed
+this story, as well as much else with which it was embroidered. One
+thing led to another; and the acquaintance thus fortuitously begun in
+a railway carriage was continued in London. There he got up a concert
+for her benefit at his town house, where, in addition to singing
+Castilian ballads, his protégée sold veils and fans among the
+audience; and he also gave her an introduction to a theatrical
+manager, with results that neither of them had foreseen.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV
+
+FLARE OF THE FOOTLIGHTS
+
+
+I
+
+Times change. When Lola returned to London a passage through the
+divorce court was not regarded as a necessary qualification for stage
+aspirants. Also, being well aware that, to ensure a good reception, a
+foreign-sounding name was desirable, this one decided to adopt that of
+Lola Montez. This, she felt, would, among other advantages,
+effectively mask her identity with that of Mrs. Thomas James, an
+identity she was anxious to shed.
+
+Her plans were soon made. On the morning after her arrival, she
+presented her letter of introduction to the impressario of Her
+Majesty's Theatre, in the Haymarket. This position was held by an
+affable Hebrew, one Benjamin Lumley, an ex-solicitor, who had
+abandoned his parchments and bills of costs and acquired a lease of
+Her Majesty's. The house had long been looked upon as something of a
+white elephant in the theatrical jungle; but Lumley, being pushful and
+knowledgeable, soon built up a valuable following and set the
+establishment on its legs.
+
+As luck would have it, Lola's interview with him came at just the
+right moment, for he was alternating ballet with opera and was in want
+of a fresh attraction. Convinced that he recognised it in his caller
+(or, perhaps, anxious to please Lord Malmesbury), he offered her an
+engagement there and then to dance a _pas seul_ between the acts of
+_Il Barbiere di Seviglia_.
+
+"If you make a hit," he said, "you shall have a contract for the rest
+of the season. It all depends on yourself."
+
+Lola, wanting nothing better, left the managerial office, treading on
+air.
+
+As was his custom, Lumley cultivated the critics, and would receive
+them in his sanctum whenever he had a novel attraction to submit.
+
+"I have a surprise for you in my next programme," he said, when the
+champagne and cigars had been discussed. "This is that I have secured
+Donna Lola, a Spanish dancer, direct from Seville. She is, I assure
+you, deliciously beautiful and remarkably accomplished. I pledge you
+my word, gentlemen, she will create a positive _furore_ here."
+
+In 1843 dramatic critics had the privilege of attending rehearsals and
+penetrating behind the scenes. One of their number, adopting the
+pseudonym "Q," has left an account of the manner in which he first met
+Lola Montez. He had called on Lumley for a gossip, and was invited by
+that authority to descend to the stage and watch his new acquisition
+practising a dance there.
+
+"At that period," he says, "her figure was even more attractive than
+her face, lovely as the latter was. Lithe and graceful as a young
+fawn, every movement she made was instinct with melody. Her dark eyes
+were blazing and flashing with excitement, for she felt that I was
+willing to admire her.... As she swept round the stage, her slender
+waist swayed to the music, and her graceful head and neck bent with it
+like a flower that bends with the impulse given to its stem by the
+fitful temper of the wind."
+
+Lumley was tactful enough to leave the pressman alone with the star.
+As the latter promised to "give her a good puff in his paper," Lola,
+who never missed an opportunity, made herself specially agreeable to
+him. Her bright eyes did their work. "When we separated," says "Q" in
+his reminiscences, "I found myself tumbled heels over head into the
+profound depths of that which the French call a _grande passion_."
+
+Lumley's next step was to draw up an announcement of the promised
+novelty for inclusion in the programme:
+
+     HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE
+
+     June 3, 1843
+
+     SPECIAL ATTRACTION!
+
+     Mr. Benjamin Lumley begs to announce that, between the acts
+     of the Opera, DONNA LOLA MONTEZ, of the Teatro Real,
+     Seville, will have the honour to make her first appearance
+     in England in the Original Spanish dance El Oleano.
+
+After the cast list had been set out the rest of the reading matter on
+the programme was given up to advertisements. Some of them would
+appear to have been selected rather at haphazard. At any rate, their
+special appeal to music lovers was a little difficult to follow. Thus,
+one was of "Jackson's patent enema machines, as patronised by the
+nobility (either sex) when travelling"; another of "Mrs. Rodd's
+anatomical ladies' stays (which ensure the wearer a figure of
+astonishing symmetry";) and another of a "Brilliant burlesque ballad,
+'Get along, Rosey,' sung with the most positive triumph every evening
+by Madame Vestris."
+
+With much satisfaction, Manager Lumley, taking a preliminary peep at
+the crowded house, saw that a particularly "smart" audience was
+assembled on the night of June 3. The list of "fashionables" he handed
+to the reporters resembled an extract from the pages of Messrs. Burke
+and Debrett. Thus, the Royal Box was graced by the Queen Dowager, with
+the King of Hanover and Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar for her guests;
+and, dotted about the pit tier (then the fashionable part of the
+house) were the Duke and Duchess of Wellington, the Marquess and
+Marchioness of Granby, Lord and Lady Brougham, and the Baroness de
+Rothschild, with the Belgian Minister, Count Esterhazy, and Baron
+Talleyrand. Even the occupants of the pit had to accept an official
+intimation that "only black trousers will be allowed." Her Majesty's
+had a standard, and Lumley insisted on its observance.
+
+That long familiar feature, "Fops' Alley," having disappeared from the
+auditorium, the modish thing for unattached men was to make up a party
+and hire an omnibus-box; and from that position to pronounce judgment
+upon the legs of the dancers pirouetting in wispy gauze on the stage.
+Then, when the curtain fell, they would be privileged to go behind the
+scenes and chat with the coryphées.
+
+On the evening of Lola's début one of the omnibus-boxes was occupied
+by Lord Ranelagh, a raffish mid-Victorian roué, who had brought with
+him a select party of "Corinthians" in frilled shirts and flowered
+waistcoats. It was observed that he paid but languid attention to the
+opera. As soon, however, as the promised novelty, _El Oleano_, was
+reached, he exhibited a sudden interest and pushed his chair forward.
+
+"We shall see some fun in a moment," he whispered. "Mind you fellows
+keep quiet until I give the word."
+
+
+II
+
+A little ominous, perhaps, that the Haymarket entrepreneur should bear
+the same name as the Calcutta judge who had unsuccessfully sought her
+hand. But Lola experienced no qualms. As she stood at the wings, in a
+black satin bodice and much flounced pink silk skirt, waiting for her
+cue, Lumley passed her with a nod of encouragement.
+
+"Capital," he said, rubbing his whiskers. "Most attractive. You'll be
+a big success, my dear."
+
+As he moved off, a bell tinkled in the prompt corner. In response, the
+conductor lifted his baton; the heavy curtains were drawn aside; and,
+under a cross-fire of opera glasses, Lola bounded on to the stage and
+executed her initial piroutte. There was a sudden hush, as, at the
+finish of the number, she stepped up to the footlights and awaited the
+verdict. Had she made good, or not? In a moment, however, she knew
+that all was well, for a storm of applause and clapping of hands
+filled the air. Lumley, from his place in the wings, beamed approval.
+His enterprise was to be rewarded. The débutante was a success. No
+doubt about it. She should have a contract from him before any other
+manager should step in and snap her up.
+
+     We do not believe (scribbled a critic, hurriedly jotting
+     down his impressions, to be expanded when he got back to his
+     office) that Donna Lola smiled once throughout her
+     performance. As she withdrew, numbers of bouquets fell on to
+     the stage. But the proud one of Seville did not deign to
+     return to pick them up, and one of the gentlemen in livery
+     was deputed for that purpose. When, however, her measure was
+     encored, she stepped down from her pinnacle and actually
+     condescended to accept an additional bouquet that had been
+     tossed by a fair one from a box.
+
+     Her Majesty's Theatre (added a colleague) may now be said to
+     be in its full zenith of grandeur and perfection of beauty
+     and splendour, and variety and fame of the ballet. A new
+     Spanish Donna has been introduced. Although the visitation
+     was unheralded by the customary flourish of trumpeting _on
+     dits_, it was extremely successful. The young lady came and
+     saw and conquered. Many floral offerings were shot at her as
+     a compliment, and the useful M. Coulos--ever at hand in such
+     an emergency--assisted very industriously in picking them
+     up. As for _El Oleano_, this is a sort of cachucha; and it
+     certainly gives Donna Lola Montez an opportunity of
+     introducing herself to the public under a very captivating
+     aspect.... A lovely picture she is to contemplate. There is
+     before you the very perfection of Spanish beauty--the tall
+     handsome figure, the full lustrous eye, the joyous animated
+     countenance, and the dark raven tresses. You gaze upon the
+     Donna with delight and admiration.
+
+It was just after the third item on her programme and while she stood
+before the curtain, bowing and smiling her acknowledgments, that there
+was an unexpected interruption. An ominous hiss suddenly split the
+air. The sound came from the occupants of the stage box in which Lord
+Ranelagh and his party had ensconced themselves. As at a prearranged
+signal, the occupants of the opposite box took it up and repeated it.
+The audience gasped in astonishment, and looked to Lord Ranelagh for a
+solution. He supplied one promptly. "Egad!" he exclaimed in a loud
+voice, "that's not Lola Montez at all. It's Betsy James, an Irish
+girl. Ladies and gentlemen, we're being properly swindled!"
+
+"Swindled" was an ugly word. The pit and gallery, feeling that they
+were in some mysterious fashion being defrauded, followed the cue thus
+given them, and a volume of hisses and cat-calls sprang from the
+throats that, a moment earlier, had bellowed vociferous cheers. The
+great Michael Costa, who was conducting, dropped his baton in
+astonishment, and, refusing to pick it up again, left his desk. There
+is a theory that it was this untoward incident that led him to
+transfer himself from the Haymarket to Covent Garden. Quite possible.
+Musicians are temperamental folk.
+
+It was left for Lumley to deal with the situation. He did so by
+ringing down the curtain, while Lola, in tears and fury, rushed off to
+her dressing-room.
+
+
+III
+
+Perhaps they left early, but none of the critics saw anything of this
+_dénouement_. What, however, they did see they described in rapturous,
+not to say, florid terms:
+
+     We saw, as in a dream (declared one of them), an Elssler or
+     a Taglioni descend from the clouds, under the traits of a
+     new dancer, whose fervent admirers lavished on her all the
+     enthusiasm and applause with which the rare perfection of
+     her predecessors has been rewarded.
+
+     On Saturday last, between the acts of the opera, Donna Lola
+     Montez was announced to appear on the programme at Her
+     Majesty's. A thousand ardent spectators were in feverish
+     anxiety to see her. Donna Lola enchanted everyone. There was
+     throughout a graceful flowing of the arms--not an angle
+     discernible--an indescribable softness in her attitude and
+     suppleness in her limbs which, developed in a thousand
+     positions (without infringing on the Opera laws), were the
+     most intoxicating and womanly that can be imagined. We never
+     remember seeing the _habitués_--both young and old--taken by
+     more agreeable surprise than the bewitching lady excited.
+     She was rapturously encored, and the stage strewn with
+     bouquets.
+
+Lord Ranelagh and his friends must have grinned when they read this
+gush.
+
+"I saw Lumley immediately after the fall of the curtain," says a
+reporter who was admitted behind the scenes. "He was surrounded by the
+professors of morality from the omnibus-box, who said that Donna Lola
+was positively not to reappear. They pointed out to him that it was
+absolutely essential to have none but exemplary characters in the
+ballet; but they did not tell him where he would procure females who
+would have no objection to exhibiting their legs in pink silk
+fleshings. As Lumley could not afford to offend his patrons, he was
+compelled to accept the _fiat_ of these virtuous scions of a moral and
+ultra-scrupulous aristocracy. Carlotta Grisi might have had a score of
+lovers; but, then, she had never turned up her charming little nose at
+my Lord Ranelagh."
+
+It was an age when the theatre had to kow-tow to the patron. Unless My
+Lord approved, Mr. Crummles had no choice but to ring down the
+curtain. As the Ranelagh faction very emphatically disapproved, Lumley
+was compelled to give the recruit her marching-orders.
+
+Lola's _première_ had thus become her _dernière_.
+
+By the way, a Sunday paper, writing some time afterwards, was guilty
+of a serious slip in its account of the episode, and mistook Lord
+Ranelagh for the Duke of Cambridge. "The newcomer," says this critic,
+"was recognised as Mrs. James by a Prince of the Blood and his
+companions in the omnibus-box. Her beauty could not save her from
+insult; and, to avenge themselves on Mr. Lumley, for some pique, these
+chivalrous English gentlemen of the upper classes hooted a woman from
+the stage."
+
+What was behind Lord Ranelagh's cowardly attack on the débutante?
+There was a simple explanation, and not one that redounded to his
+credit in any way. It was that, during her "Bohemian" period, he had
+endeavoured to fill the empty niche left in her affections by the
+departure of that light-o'-love, Captain Lennox, and had been repulsed
+for his pains. A bad loser, my Lord nursed resentment. He would teach
+a mere ballet-dancer to snap her fingers at him. His opportunity came
+sooner than he imagined. He made the most of it.
+
+Fond as he was of biting, Lord Ranelagh was, some years afterwards,
+himself bitten. He took a prominent part in an unsavoury scandal that
+fluttered mid-Victorian dovecotes, when a Bond Street "beauty
+specialist," known as Madame Rachel, was clapped into prison for
+swindling a wealthy and amorous widow. This was a Mrs. Borrodaile,
+whom "Madame" had gulled by declaring that Lord Ranelagh's one desire
+was to share his coronet with her. Although the raffish peer denied
+all complicity, he did not come out of the business too well.
+
+"The peculiar prominence he has attained," remarked an obituarist,
+"has not always been of an enviable description. There are probably
+few men who have had so many charges of the most varied and
+disagreeable nature made against them. The resultant obloquy to which
+he had thus been exposed is great, nor has it vanished, as it properly
+should have done, with the charges themselves."
+
+This, however, was looking ahead. The comments of 1843 came first. "In
+the clubs that night," we read, "the bucks and bloods laughed heartily
+when they discussed the mishap of the proud beauty who had scorned the
+advances of my Lord." Lola Montez, however, did not regard it as
+anything at which to laugh. She may, as she boasted, have had a dash
+of Spanish blood in her veins, but she certainly had none of George
+Washington's, for she immediately sat down and wrote a circular letter
+to all the London papers. In this she sought to correct what she
+described as a "false impression." Swallowing it as gospel, a number
+of them printed it in full:
+
+     _To the Editor_.
+
+     SIR:
+
+     Since I had the honour of dancing at Her Majesty's Theatre,
+     on Saturday, the 3rd inst. (when I was received by the
+     English public in so kind and flattering a manner) I have
+     been cruelly annoyed by reports that I am not really the
+     person I pretend to be, but that I have long been known in
+     London as a woman of disreputable character. I entreat you,
+     Sir, to allow me, through the medium of your respected
+     journal, to assure you and the public, in the most positive
+     and unqualified manner, that there is not a word of truth in
+     such a statement.
+
+     I am a native of Seville; and in the year 1833, when ten
+     years old, was sent to a Catholic lady at Bath, where I
+     remained seven months, and was then taken back to my parents
+     in Spain. From that period, until the 14th of April, when I
+     landed in England, _I have never set foot in this country,
+     and I never saw London before in my life_.
+
+     In apologising for the favour I ask you, I feel sure that
+     you will kindly consider the anxiety of myself and my
+     friends to remove from the public any impression to my
+     disadvantage. My lawyer has received instructions to proceed
+     against all the parties who have calumniated me.
+
+     Believe me to be your obedient and humble servant,
+
+     LOLA MONTEZ.
+
+     _June 13, 1843._
+
+Ballet-dancers cannot, when making their débuts, be expected to
+remember everything; and this one had obviously forgotten her sojourn
+in India, just as she had forgotten her marriage to Thomas James (and
+the subsequent Consistory Court action), as well as her amorous
+dalliance with Captain Lennox during the previous year.
+
+"In spite of the encouraging reception accorded Donna Lola Montez, she
+has not danced again," remarked a critic in the _Examiner_. "What is
+the reason?"
+
+Lumley could have supplied the information. He did so, some years
+afterwards, in his book, _Reminiscences of the Opera_:
+
+     It is not my intention to rake up the world-wide stories of
+     this strange and fascinating woman. Perhaps it will be
+     sufficient to say frankly that I was, in this instance,
+     fairly "taken in." A Noble Lord (afterwards closely
+     connected with the Foreign Office) had introduced the lady
+     to my notice as the daughter of a celebrated _Spanish_
+     Patriot and martyr, representing her merits as a dancer in
+     so strong a light that her "appearance" was granted.
+
+     ... But this spurious Spanish lady had no real knowledge of
+     that which she professed. The whole affair was an imposture;
+     and on the very night of her first appearance the truth
+     exploded. On the discovery of the truth, I declined to allow
+     the English adventuress, for such she was, another
+     appearance on my boards. In spite of the expostulations of
+     the "friends" of the lady--in spite of the deprecatory
+     letters in which she earnestly denied her English
+     origin--in spite even of the desire expressed in high places
+     to witness her strange performance--I remained inflexible.
+
+The "Noble Lord" thus referred to in this pompous disclaimer was Lord
+Malmesbury.
+
+[Illustration: _Viscount Ranelagh, who organised a cabal against Lola
+Montez_]
+
+
+IV
+
+If she had a quick temper, Lola Montez had a good heart, and was
+always ready to lend a helping hand to others. In this connection
+Edward Fitzball, a hack dramatist with whom things were not going
+well, has a story of how she volunteered to assist in a benefit
+performance that was being got up to set him on his legs. It was
+difficult to secure attractions; and the beneficiare, realising that,
+as was the custom in such cases, he would have to make good any
+deficit himself, was feeling depressed.
+
+"This benefit," he says, "which I fully expected would prove to be a
+decided loss, annoyed me sadly. I was sauntering along Regent Street
+when I met Stretton, the popular singer, whose own benefit was just
+coming off. He said that he had secured every attraction worthy of the
+public, and that there was no hope for me, 'unless,' he added, 'you
+could secure Lola Montez.'
+
+"'Pray, who is that?' I said in my ignorance.
+
+"'Lola Montez is a lady who appeared the other night at Her Majesty's
+Theatre as a dancer, but, due to some aristocratic disturbance, has
+left in disgust. The papers were full of it. I offered her £50 to
+dance for me, and met with a decided refusal. Hence, I see no hope for
+you.'"
+
+Fitzball, however, thinking it worth while taking a chance, hurried to
+Lola's lodgings and begged her to contribute to the programme he was
+offering. He had not expected to be successful, since he knew that she
+was smarting under a sense of injury. To his surprise and delight,
+however, she promised her services, and refused to accept any
+payment.
+
+Overjoyed at the success of his embassy, Fitzball rushed off to the
+printers and had the hoardings plastered with bills, directing special
+attention to the novelty:
+
+                  THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT GARDEN
+                     Monday, July 10, 1843.
+
+                      COLOSSAL ATTRACTION!
+               (For the Benefit of Mr. Fitzball)
+
+              EXTRAORDINARY COMBINATION OF TALENT!
+
+     During the evening the celebrated DONNA LOLA MONTEZ (whose
+     recent performance created so pronounced a sensation at Her
+     Majesty's Theatre) will execute, by special request, her
+     remarkable dance, "El Oleano."
+
+     N.B.--This will positively be the Donna's only appearance in
+     London, as she departs on Thursday next for St. Petersburg.
+
+"The theatre," says Fitzball, in his account of the evening, "was
+crammed. Lola Montez arrived in a splendid carriage, accompanied by
+her maid. When she was dressed, she enquired if I thought her costume
+would be approved. I have seen sylphs and female forms of the most
+dazzling beauty in ballets and fairy dramas, but the most dazzling and
+perfect form I ever did gaze upon was that of Lola Montez in her white
+and gold attire studded with diamonds. Her bounding before the public
+was the signal for general applause and admiration. On the conclusion
+of her performance, there was a rapturous and universal call for her
+reappearance."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V
+
+A PASSIONATE PILGRIMAGE
+
+
+I
+
+The "departure for St. Petersburg" was a stretch of Fitzball's
+imagination. Where Lola did go when she left England was not to
+Russia, but to Belgium. The visit was not a success, as none of the
+theatres in Brussels at which she applied for an engagement exhibited
+any interest in ballet-dancers, whether they came from Seville, or
+elsewhere. A spell of ill luck followed; and, if her own account of
+this period is to be trusted, she was reduced to such a pass that in
+the Belgian capital she became familiar with the inside of pawnshops
+and had to sing in the streets, to secure a lodging. But this "singing
+in the streets" business was, if a picturesque one, not an original
+touch. It is still in active use, as a stock portion of the
+autobiographical equipment of every stage and film heroine who wants
+"publicity." Further, if Lola Montez ever did anything of the kind, it
+was not for long. A "rich man"--she had a knack of establishing
+contact with them--promptly came to the rescue; and, assisted by, it
+is said, the mysterious Jean Francois Montez, who had followed her
+from London, she shook the inhospitable dust of the Brussels
+boulevards off her feet.
+
+It was in Berlin that, in the autumn of 1843, long delayed Fortune
+smiled on her. A novelty being wanted, she secured an engagement to
+dance at a fête organised by Frederick William IV in honour of his
+son-in-law, the Czar Nicholas, and a posse of Grand Dukes then
+visiting Potsdam. The autocrat of all the Russias expressed himself as
+highly pleased with the newcomer's efforts. The Berliners followed
+suit. Lola was "made"; and every night for a month on end she was
+booked up to dance somewhere.
+
+While in the German capital, she is said to have had an encounter with
+the arm of the law. The story is that, mounted on a blood horse, she
+attended a review held in honour of the King and the Czar; and her
+steed, being somewhat mettlesome, carried her at full tilt across the
+parade ground and into the midst of the royal party assembled at the
+saluting-point.
+
+When an indignant policeman, bellowing _Verboten!_ at the top of his
+voice, rushed up and clung to the bridle, he received for his pains a
+vigorous cut from her whip. The next morning a summons was delivered
+to the daring Amazon, ordering her to appear before a magistrate and
+answer a charge of "insulting the uniform." Thereupon, Lola, feeling
+that the general atmosphere was unfavourable, packed her trunks. She
+managed to get away just in time, as a warrant for her arrest was
+actually being made out. But if she did not leave Berlin with all the
+honours of war, it is at any rate recorded that "she left this city of
+pigs with a high head and a snapping of her fan."
+
+The Odyssey continued. The next place where she halted was Dresden.
+There the pilgrim swam into the orbit of Franz Liszt, who happened to
+be giving a series of recitals. Born in 1811--the "year of the
+Comet"--he was at the height of his powers when Lola Montez flashed
+across his path. During an early visit to England, as a "boy prodigy,"
+he had gathered considerable laurels. Windsor Castle had smiled upon
+him, and he had played to George IV and to Queen Victoria. The chance
+encounter with Lola was a fateful one for both of them. But, as it
+happened, the virtuoso rather welcomed the prospect of a fresh
+intrigue just then. Wearied of the romanticism of the phalanx of
+feminine admirers, who clustered about him like bees, he found this
+one, with her beauty and vivacious charm, to have a special appeal for
+him. He responded to it avidly. The two became inseparable.
+
+One evening, while _Rienzi_ was being performed, his latest charmer
+accompanied Liszt to the Opera House, and, during an interval, joined
+him in the dressing-room of Josef Tichatschek, the tenor. Hearing that
+he was there, Wagner was coming to speak to him, "when he saw that his
+companion was a painted and bejewelled woman with insolent eyes."
+Thereupon, if his biographer is to be trusted, "the composer turned
+and fled." Lola had routed "Rienzi."
+
+Musicians will be musicians; and Liszt was no exception. With his love
+affairs and his long catalogue of "conquests" in half the capitals of
+Europe, he was generally regarded as a Don Juan of the keyboard. It is
+said by James Huneker that, on leaving Dresden, Lola joined him in
+Constantinople. In her memoirs she says nothing about wandering along
+the shores of the Bosphorus in his company. Still, she says a good
+deal about Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, by whom, she
+declares, she was given a letter to the Chief Eunuch, admitting her to
+the Sultan's harem. But this, like many of her other statements, must
+be taken with a generous pinch of salt.
+
+During that memorable summer Liszt was specially invited to Bonn, to
+unveil the Beethoven monument that had been erected there. The
+ceremony attracted a distinguished gathering, and was witnessed by the
+King and Queen of Russia, together with Queen Victoria and Prince
+Albert. It was also witnessed by Lola Montez, who accompanied Liszt.
+She was promptly recognised by Ignatz Moscheles; and, when they
+discovered her presence, the reception committee were so upset that
+they had her barred from the hotel in which rooms had been engaged for
+the guest of honour. But it took more than this to keep her in the
+background. While the speeches were in full swing, she forced her way
+into the banquet-hall, and won over the prudish burghers by jumping on
+the table and dancing to them.
+
+The Prince Consort was shocked at the "liberty." Frederick William,
+however, being more broad-minded, cracked a Teutonic jest.
+
+"Lola is a Lorelei!" he declared, with an appreciative grin, when the
+episode was reported to him. "What will she be up to next?"
+
+An inevitable result of Liszt's dalliance with his new Calypso in the
+various capitals that they visited together during the months that
+followed was to shatter the relations that had existed for years
+between himself and Madame d'Agoult. The virtuoso emerged from the
+business badly, for the woman he had discarded in summary fashion for
+a younger and more attractive one had sacrificed her name and her
+reputation for his sake, and had also presented him with three pledges
+of mutual affection. Infuriated at his callousness, she afterwards, as
+"Daniel Stern," relieved her outraged feelings in a novel ("written to
+calm her agitated soul"), _Nélida_, where Liszt, under a transparent
+disguise, figured as "Guermann Regnier."
+
+But the pace was too hot to last. Still, it was Liszt, and not Lola,
+who cooled first. "With Lola, as with others, known and unknown, it
+was," observes William Wallace, "_Da capo al Segno_." The story of the
+final rupture between them, as given by Guy de Pourtales, has in it
+something of the element of farce:
+
+     Liszt allowed her to make love to him, and amused himself
+     with this dangerous sweetheart. But without any conviction,
+     without any real curiosity. She annoyed, she irritated him
+     during his hours of work. Before long he planned to escape,
+     and, having arranged everything with the hotel porter, he
+     departed without leaving any address, but not without having
+     first locked this most wearisome of inamoratas up in her
+     room. For twelve hours Lola raised a fearful uproar,
+     breaking whatever she could lay her hands on.
+
+Liszt, however, scenting this possibility, had settled the bill in
+advance.
+
+But the incident does not redound to his credit, for the spectacle of
+a distinguished artist bribing a lackey to smuggle him out of an hotel
+and imprison in her bedroom the woman with whom he had been living, is
+a sorry one.
+
+
+II
+
+Having had enough of Germany for the time being, Lola decided to see
+what France had to offer. "The only place for a woman of spirit," she
+once said, "is Paris." Accordingly she betook herself there. As soon
+as she arrived, she secured lodgings in a modest hotel near the Palais
+Royal; and, well aware of her limitations, took some dancing lessons
+from a ballet-master in the rue Lepelletier. When she had taken what
+she considered enough, she called on Léon Pillet, the director of the
+_Académie_.
+
+"You have, of course, already heard of my immense success in London,"
+she announced with an assured air.
+
+M. Pillet had not heard of it. But this did not matter. As had been
+the case with Lumley before him, Lola's ravishing smile inflamed his
+susceptible heart; and he promptly engaged her to dance in the ballet
+that was to follow Halévy's _Il Lazzarone_, then in active rehearsal.
+
+Lola's début as a _première danseuse_ was made on March 30, 1844. It
+was not a successful one. Far from it. The fact was, the Parisians,
+accustomed to the dreamy and sylph-like pirouettings of Cerito and
+Elssler and Taglioni, and their own Adèle Dumilâtre, could not
+appreciate the vigorous _cachuchas_ and _boleros_ now offered them.
+When they voiced their disapproval, Lola lost the one thing she could
+never keep--her temper. She made a _moue_ at the audience; and, if de
+Mirecourt is to be trusted, pulled off her garters (a second authority
+says a more intimate item of attire) and flung them with a gesture of
+contempt among the jeering crowd in the first row of stalls.
+
+As may be imagined, the Press was unsympathetic towards this
+"demonstration."
+
+"We will avoid damaging with our strictures," remarked _Le
+Constitutionnel_ in its next issue, "a pretty young woman who, before
+making her début, has obviously not had time to study our
+preferences."
+
+A much more devastating criticism was published in _Le Journal des
+Débats_ by Jules Janin. He went out of his way, indeed, to be
+positively offensive. Nor did Théophile Gautier, who in his famous
+waistcoat of crimson velvet was present on this eventful evening,
+think very much of the would-be ballerina's efforts to win Paris.
+
+     Beyond, he wrote, a pair of magnificent dark eyes,
+     Mademoiselle Lola Montez has nothing suggestively Andalusian
+     in her appearance. She talks poor Spanish, scarcely any
+     French, and only tolerable English. The question is, to what
+     country does she really belong? We can affirm that she has
+     small feet and shapely legs. The extent, however, to which
+     these gifts serve her is quite another story.
+
+     It must be admitted that the public's curiosity aroused by
+     her altercations with the police of the North and her
+     whip-cracking exploits among the Prussian gendarmes has not
+     been satisfied. We imagine that Mademoiselle Lola would do
+     better on horseback than on the stage.
+
+An odd account, headed: "Singular Début of Lola Montez in Paris," was
+sent to New York by an American journalist:
+
+     "When, a few days ago, it was announced that two foreign
+     dancers, Mlle Cerito and Mlle Lola Montez, had just entered
+     the walls of Paris, the triumphs achieved by the Italian
+     ballerina could not eclipse the horse-whipping exploits of
+     Mlle Lola. 'Let us have Lola Montez!' exclaimed the stalls
+     and pit. 'We want to see if her foot is as light as her
+     hand!' Never did they witness a more astounding _entrée_.
+     After her first leap, she stopped short on the tips of her
+     toes, and, by a movement of prodigious rapidity, detached
+     one of her garters from a lissome limb adjacent to her
+     quivering thigh (innocent of _lingerie_) and flung it to the
+     occupants of the front row of the orchestra....
+     Notwithstanding the effect produced by this piquant
+     eccentricity, Mile Lola has not met with the reception she
+     anticipated; and it has been deemed proper by the management
+     to dispense with her reappearance."
+
+But to give Lola her _congé_ by word of mouth was a task which M.
+Pillet did not care to undertake. "So much was the haughty Amazon's
+riding-whip dreaded that a letter of dismissal was prudently
+delivered. As a result, bloodshed was avoided; and Mlle Lola has
+solaced herself with the reflection that she has been the victim of
+the Machiavellian cabal of Russia, still angry at her routing of
+Muscovite gendarmes in Warsaw."
+
+With reference to the Warsaw episode, the slipshod de Mirecourt says
+that she was dancing there in 1839. At that date, however, she was no
+nearer Warsaw than Calcutta. None the less, she did go there, but it
+was not until she had left Paris after her failure at the Académie
+Royale. According to herself, the Czar Nicholas, who remembered her in
+Berlin, invited her to visit St. Petersburg, and, having a month to
+spare, she accepted a preliminary engagement in the Polish capital.
+
+This began well enough, for, if her terpsichorean abilities still left
+something to be desired, the Warsaw critics, ever susceptible to
+feminine charms, went into positive raptures about her personal
+attractions. One of them, indeed, became almost lyrical on the
+subject:
+
+"Her soft silken hair," was this authority's opinion, "falls in
+luxuriant wealth down her back, its glistening hue rivalling that of
+the raven's wing; on a slender and delicate neck--the whiteness of
+which eclipses swansdown--is poised a lovely face.... Where the
+proportions are concerned, Lola's little feet are somewhere between
+those of a Chinese maiden and those of the daintiest Parisienne
+imaginable. As for her bewitching calves, they suggest the steps of a
+Jacob's ladder transporting one up to heaven; and her ravishing
+figure resembles the Venus of Cnidus, that immortal masterpiece
+sculptured by the chisel of Praxiteles in the 104th Olympiad. As for
+her eyes, her very soul is enshrined in their blue depths."
+
+There was a lot more--several columns more--in a similar strain.
+
+As was to be expected, such a tribute attracted the attention of
+Prince Ivan Paskievich, the Viceroy of Poland. He had a weakness for
+pretty women; and, after the long succession of lumpy and heavy-footed
+ballerinas occupying the Warsaw stage, this new arrival sounded
+promising. When a trusted emissary reported that the critics "had not
+said half what they might," he resolved to make her acquaintance. His
+first step was to send her, through Madam Steinkeller, the wife of a
+banker, an invitation to have supper with him at his private house.
+
+Lola, flattered by the invitation, and less clear-headed than usual,
+was sufficiently trusting to accept. She soon, however, discovered
+that his Excellency's intentions were strictly dishonourable, for he
+made her, she afterwards said, "a most indelicate proposition." Her
+response was to laugh in his face, and to tell him that "she had no
+wish to become his toy." Thereupon, Paskievich, furious at such a
+repulse (and unaccustomed to being thwarted by anyone, must less by a
+ballet-dancer), dismissed her with threats of reprisals. The first of
+these took the form of a visit from Colonel Abrahamowicz, the official
+charged with "preserving morality in the Warsaw theatres." He
+apparently interpreted his responsible functions in a fashion that
+left something to be desired, for Lola complained that "his conduct
+was so free that I took serious exception to it."
+
+Paskievich then dealt his next card. This was to instruct his
+understrapper to fill the theatre with a rabble and have her hissed
+off the stage. Lola, however, was equal to the occasion. Advancing to
+the footlights, before the terror-stricken manager could stop her, she
+pointed to Colonel Abrahamowicz, sitting in a box, and exclaimed:
+"Ladies and gentlemen, there is the dastard who attempts to revenge
+himself on a pure woman who has scorned his infamous suggestions! I
+ask your protection!"
+
+Accompanied by M. Lesniowski, the editor of the _Warsaw Gazette_, she
+returned to her lodgings, wondering what would happen next. She was
+soon to discover, for the angry Colonel and a squad of police arrived
+with a warrant for her arrest as an "undesirable." When, however, they
+announced their purpose, she flourished a pistol in their faces and
+declared that she would put a bullet through the first of them who
+came near her. Realising that she meant what she said, and not anxious
+to qualify for cheap martyrdom, Colonel Abrahamowicz was tactician
+enough to withdraw. In the meantime, the public, learning what had
+happened, sided with Lola and raised lusty shouts of "Down with the
+Viceroy! Long live the Montez!"
+
+Paskievich, who had crushed with an iron hand the rebellion of 1831,
+had a short and sharp way with incipient revolutionaries; and, calling
+out the troops, cleared the streets at the point of the bayonet. While
+they were thus occupied, Lola slipped off to the French consul and
+suggested that he should grant her his protection as a national. With
+characteristic gallantry, he met her wishes. None the less, she had to
+leave Warsaw the next morning, under escort to the frontier.
+
+There were reprisals for a number of those who had taken her part.
+Thus the manager of the theatre and the editor of the _Warsaw Gazette_
+were dismissed; M. Steinkeller was imprisoned; and a dozen students
+were publicly flogged.
+
+"Tranquillity has been restored," was the official view of the
+situation.
+
+According to Lola herself (not, by the way, a very sound authority)
+she went straight from Warsaw and the clutches of the lustful
+Paskievich to St. Petersburg. Considering, however, that Poland was at
+that period under the domination of the Czar, it is highly improbable
+that, after her expulsion, she could have set foot in Russia without
+a passport. Had she been sufficiently daring to make the experiment,
+she would assuredly have been clapped into fetters and packed off to
+Siberia.
+
+Lola's motto was "courage, and shuffle the cards." Undeterred by her
+previous failure there, she went back to Paris, to try her luck a
+second time.
+
+Luck came to her very soon, for she had scarcely arrived in the
+capital when she encountered a young Englishman, Mr. Francis Leigh, an
+ex-officer of the 10th Hussars. Within a week the two were on such
+intimate terms that they set up housekeeping together. But the harmony
+was shattered abruptly by Lola, who, in a jealous fit, one day fired a
+pistol at her "protector." As this was more than he could be expected
+to stand, Mr. Leigh, deciding that they could not continue living
+under the same roof, severed the relationship.
+
+
+III
+
+In 1845 the Paris of Louis-Philippe was, when Lola resumed her
+acquaintance with it, a pleasant city in which to live. The star of
+Baron Haussmann had not yet arisen; and the capital's vulgarisation
+under the Second Empire had not then begun. John Bull still gave it a
+wide berth; nor, except for a few stray specimens, were there any
+hordes of tourists to gape at the "Froggies." Everything was cheap;
+and most things were nice. Paris really was _La ville lumière_. Dull
+care had been given its marching orders. All that was required of a
+man was that he should be witty, and of a woman that she should be
+entertaining. The world of the boulevards--with its cafés and
+restaurants and theatres--was the accepted rallying point of the
+authors and poets, the painters and musicians, and the lights
+twinkling in the theatrical and journalistic firmaments, the men in
+velveteen jackets and peg-top trousers, the women in flounced skirts
+and shawls and elastic-sided boots. The mode of the moment.
+
+[Illustration: _Abbé Liszt: Musician and Lover_]
+
+Lola settled down among them, and was given a warm welcome. Among
+others with whom she was soon on friendly terms was the famous (or,
+perhaps, it would be better to say, notorious) Alphonsine Plessis. The
+Lady of the Camelias had a large heart and a wide circle; and Liszt,
+who was also back in Paris, was to be found among the guests attending
+her "receptions" at her house on the Boulevard de la Madeleine. Lola,
+who never cherished rancour, was prepared to let bygones be bygones,
+and resumed relations with him. But this time they were short lived,
+for the maestro was already dangling after another charmer, and, as
+was his habit, left for Weimar without saying farewell. Lola took his
+defection philosophically. As a matter of fact, she rather welcomed
+it, for it solved a situation that was fast threatening to become
+awkward. This was that she herself had now formed an intimacy with
+somebody else.
+
+Her new acquaintance was Charles Dujarier, a young man of five and
+twenty, and a journalist of some distinction, being part proprietor
+and feuilleton editor of _La Presse_. Lola met him in the friendly
+atmosphere of a Bohemian café, where formal introductions were not
+insisted upon. As was the custom in such an atmosphere, the friendship
+ripened rapidly. Within a week of their first meeting the two set up
+housekeeping together in the rue Lafitte. Before long there was talk
+of marriage. But it did not get beyond talk, for Lola had put her head
+in the matrimonial noose once--in her opinion, once too often--and she
+had no desire to do so a second time. Apart from this consideration,
+she was probably well aware that her divorce from the philandering
+Thomas James had never been completed.
+
+As Dujarier's acknowledged mistress, Lola was accepted without demur
+as one of themselves by the literary and artistic "set" thronging the
+cafés and salons they frequented. Gautier and Sue, with Claudin and
+Méry and Dumas, were those habitués of whom she saw most; and
+Ferdinand Bac (but nobody else) says that she was on intimate terms
+with the austere M. Guizot.
+
+Gustave Claudin declared that he met Lola Montez in Paris in the
+spring of 1841. That she made an impression on him is evident from a
+passage in his _Souvenirs_:
+
+     Lola Montez was a charmer. There was something--I do not
+     quite know what--about her appearance that was provocative
+     and voluptuous, and which attracted one. She had a white
+     skin, hair suggestive of the tendrils of honeysuckle, and a
+     mouth that could be compared with a pomegranate. Added to
+     this was a ravishing figure, charming feet, and perfect
+     grace. Unfortunately, as a dancer, she had very little
+     talent.
+
+     Towards the year 1845 the author of these notes saw much of
+     her. She wanted him to write her memoirs, and gave him some
+     material for them.... She was born in Seville in 1823, with
+     a French officer for a godfather and (as is the custom in
+     Spain) the city of Seville for a godmother. The adventures
+     of her life were written out by her in an exercise-book. She
+     told me that, at a ball in Calcutta, she had once refused to
+     waltz with a wealthy gentleman who was so encrusted with
+     diamonds that he resembled a snuff-box. When he asked her
+     the reason for refusing to dance, she replied: "Sir, I
+     cannot dance with you because you have hurt my foot." The
+     would-be waltzer was a chiropodist!
+
+Writing, as he did, nearly fifty years after the episode to which he
+thus refers, Claudin's memory was a little shaky. Thus Lola Montez was
+born in Limerick in 1818, not, as he says, at Seville in 1823; nor
+could Claudin have met her in Paris in the spring of 1841, as she had
+not then left India.
+
+Dujarier, according to Lola, was much impressed by her political
+acumen, and employed her on "secret service" for the Government,
+entrusting her as a preliminary with a "mission to St. Petersburg."
+The story is an obvious concoction, if merely because Dujarier, being
+little beyond a penny-a-liner hack, had no power to employ anybody on
+such a task. Still, Lola always stuck to it. Still, it is just
+possible that she may have gone to Russia at this period, for Nicholas
+was interested in the art of the ballet, and welcomed foreign
+exponents of Terpsichore from wherever they came. He was a familiar
+figure in the green-rooms of his capital. He patronised Taglioni and
+Elssler, and was always ready to make up any deficit in the box-office
+receipts. It only meant grinding more out of his army of serfs.
+
+If she did go from Paris to Russia, Lola did not waste her time there,
+for, she says, she "nearly married Prince Schulkoski," whom she had
+already met in Berlin. This, she adds, was "one of the romances of her
+life." But something went wrong with it, for the princely wooer,
+"while furiously telegraphing kisses three times a day," was
+discovered to be enjoying the companionship of another charmer. Lola
+could put up with a great deal. There were, however, limits to her
+toleration, and this was one of them. First, Tom James; then, George
+Lennox; and now Prince Schulkoski. Masculine promises were no more
+substantial than pie-crust. Poor Lola was having a sad awakening. It
+is not remarkable that she formed the conclusion that men were
+"deceivers ever." After such an experience, nothing else was possible.
+
+Among other items in her repertoire of alleged happenings in Russia at
+this period was one that certainly takes a good deal of swallowing.
+This was that, while having a "private audience" with the Czar himself
+and Count Benkendorf (the Chief of the Secret Police), an important
+visitor was announced. Thereupon, and to avoid her presence being
+known to the newcomer, she was locked up in a cupboard and left there
+for several hours. When the Czar came back, he was "full of apologies
+and insisted that she should accept from him a gift of a thousand
+roubles."
+
+Other details follow:
+
+     "A great magnate conquers her at St. Petersburg; Grand Dukes
+     perform their tricks; and Circassian Princes die for her.
+     But soon she has enough of caviare and vodka. What, she
+     wonders, is the good of becoming fuddled with drunkards and
+     wasting valuable time on half-civilized Asiatics?"
+
+No good at all, was Lola's decision. Accordingly, she bade farewell to
+Russian hospitality, and, relinquishing all prospects of wearing the
+Muscovite diadem, returned to Paris and Dujarier. Her lover's
+influence secured her an engagement in _La Biche au Bois_ at the Porte
+St. Martin Theatre; but, as had happened at the Académie Royale, she
+was a "flop." The critics said so with no uncertain voice; and the
+manager announced that he agreed with them. Clearly, then, the ballet
+was not her _métier_.
+
+"Well, dancing isn't everything," said Lola, who always took a reverse
+in philosophical fashion.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI
+
+AN "AFFAIR OF HONOUR"
+
+
+I
+
+The evening of March 7, 1845, was one pregnant with fate where
+Dujarier was concerned. He had received, and accepted, an invitation
+to a supper-party at the Frères-Provençaux restaurant, given by Mlle
+Anais Liévenne, a young actress from the Vaudeville company. Among the
+other _convives_ gathered round the festive board were a quartet of
+attractive damsels, Atala Beauchene, Victorine Capon, Cecile John, and
+Alice Ozy, with, to keep them company, a trio of typical _flâneurs_ in
+Rosemond de Beauvallon (a swarthy Creole from Guadaloupe, with
+ambitions to be considered a novelist), Roger de Beauvoir (a friend of
+Alphonse Karr, and whose other claim to distinction was that he had
+once challenged Balzac), and Saint-Agnan (an individual dubbed by
+journalists a "man-about-town"). Altogether, a gathering thoroughly
+representative of the theatre, the press, the world, and the
+half-world.
+
+Lola was invited to join the party; but, at Dujarier's special
+request, she excused herself. If, however, she had gone with him, the
+tragedy for which the evening was to be responsible might have been
+averted. Still, nobody can look ahead.
+
+For some time, all went merrily as the proverbial marriage bell. The
+ladies were not too strait-laced; dull care was banished. Food and
+drink without stint; music and lights and laughter; bright eyes and
+pretty faces. Champagne corks popped; toasts were offered; jests were
+cracked; and tongues wagged.
+
+But it did not last. The clouds were gathering; and presently the
+harmony was interrupted. Dujarier was to blame. Unable to carry his
+liquor well, or else, under the spell of her bright eyes, he went so
+far as to remark to his hostess: "My dear Anais, figure to yourself,
+in six months from now you and I will be sleeping together." The
+damsel's acknowledged cavalier, de Beauvallon, a stickler for
+propriety, took this amiss and declared the assertion to be
+unwarranted. Words followed. Warm words. Mlle Liévenne, however, being
+good-tempered, merely laughed, and peace was restored.
+
+But the patched-up truce was only a temporary one. Feeling still ran
+high. A few minutes later, de Beauvallon picked another quarrel with
+Dujarier, this time complaining that he had neglected to publish a
+feuilleton of his, _Mémoires de M. Montholon_, that had been accepted
+by him. As was to be expected, the result of pestering the sub-editor
+at such a moment was to receive the sharp response that he "must wait
+his turn, and that, in the meantime, there were more important authors
+than himself to be considered."
+
+With the idea of calming frayed nerves, somebody suggested that they
+should all adjourn for a flutter at lansquenet, then ousting écarté.
+The proposal was accepted; and, the revellers having settled down,
+Saint-Agnan, having the best-lined wallet, took the bank.
+
+Fortune did not smile on Dujarier. The luck seemed against him; and,
+when the party broke up in the small hours, he was a couple of
+thousand francs to the bad. Worse than this, he was unable to settle
+his losses until he had borrowed the necessary billets from the head
+waiter. As a result, his temper was soured, his nerves on edge.
+Accordingly, when de Beauvallon was tactless enough to upset him
+again, he "answered somewhat abruptly."
+
+This, however, was not all. The "wine being in, the wit was out." A
+woman's name cropped up, that of a certain Madame Albert, a young
+actress in whose affections Dujarier had, before Lola Montez appeared
+on the scene, been ousted by de Beauvallon. The recollection rankled,
+and he made some sneering reference to the subject. With an obvious
+effort, the other kept his temper and curtly remarking, "You will hear
+from me to-morrow, Monsieur," left the restaurant.
+
+
+II
+
+"It might have been thought," is the comment of Larousse, "that, with
+the fever of the wine abated, these happenings and the recollection of
+the indecorous words accompanying them would, by the next morning,
+have been forgotten."
+
+But they were not forgotten. They were remembered. On the following
+afternoon, while Dujarier was in his office, lamenting the fact that
+he had made such a fool of himself, and wondering how he was to
+explain matters to Lola, two visitors were announced. One of them was
+the Comte de Flers and the other was the Vicomte d'Ecquevillez. With
+ceremonious bows, they stated the purport of their call. This was that
+they represented de Beauvallon, who "demanded satisfaction for the
+insults he had received from M. Dujarier."
+
+The quarrel, however, was really one between two rival papers, _La
+Presse_ and _Le Globe_, which had long been at daggers drawn. Granier
+de Cassagnac, the editor of _Le Globe_, was the brother-in-law of de
+Beauvallon, and Emile de Girardin, the proprietor of _La Presse_, had
+systematically held him up to ridicule in his columns. Hence, when the
+news of the restaurant fracas leaked out among the café gossipers, the
+result was that everybody said: "il n'y eut qu'une voix pour dire
+'c'est le _Globe_ qui veut se battre avec la _Presse_.'"
+
+Dujarier, who had no stomach for fighting--except with his pen--would
+have backed out if he could. But he could not. Things had already gone
+too far. Accordingly, he referred the visitors to his friends, Arthur
+Bertrand (a god-son of the Emperor) and Charles de Boignes, and then
+hurried off to consult them himself.
+
+"Pistols for two and coffee for one," was their decision when they
+heard what he had to tell them. There was, they were emphatic, no
+other way by which he could satisfy his "honour." The code demanded
+it.
+
+Clutching at a straw, Dujarier next sought counsel of Alexandre Dumas.
+
+"I don't know why I am fighting," he said.
+
+If it came to that, Dumas shared his ignorance. Still, he insisted
+that a "meeting" was inevitable.
+
+This was the case. For a Frenchman to refuse to "go out"--no matter
+what his reason--would be to incur social ignominy. He would be looked
+upon as a pariah; not a hand would be offered him; and he would have
+bundles of white feathers showered upon him by his former
+acquaintances.
+
+It was all very ridiculous. Still, it must be remembered that "the
+period was one when journalists aped fine gentlemen, and killed
+themselves for nothing." Ferdinand Bac declares that this practice was
+"largely the fault of Dumas, who, in his romances, would describe
+lovely women throwing themselves between the combatants to effect
+their reconciliation."
+
+Since a meeting could be a serious affair, the seconds were naturally
+anxious to protect themselves. Accordingly, the four of them, putting
+their heads together, drew up a document which, in the event of
+untoward consequences occurring, would, they felt, absolve them of
+responsibility:
+
+"We, the undersigned, state that, as the result of a disagreement, M.
+de Beauvallon has provoked M. Dujarier in a fashion that makes it
+impossible for him to refuse an encounter. We ourselves have done all
+we can to reconcile these gentlemen; and it is only at M. de
+Beauvallon's urgent demand that we are proceeding in the matter."
+
+As the challenged party, Dujarier had the choice of weapons. The
+privilege, however, was not worth much to him. He had never handled
+cold steel, while his adversary was an expert fencer, and he was also
+such a poor marksman that he could not have made sure of hitting a
+haystack at twenty yards. Still, he reflected that, although de
+Beauvallon was unlikely to miss him with a rapier, he might possibly
+do so with a bullet. Accordingly, he elected for pistols.
+
+When Dujarier came back to her that evening, Lola, with womanly
+intuition, saw that some trouble had befallen him. Under pressure, he
+admitted that he was about to fight a duel for which he had no
+stomach. At the same time, however, he led her to believe that his
+adversary was de Beauvoir, and not de Beauvallon.
+
+Having thus calmed her fears, for she knew that de Beauvoir was no
+more a fire-eater than was he himself, he went off to have another
+consultation with his seconds.
+
+"I shall not be back until late," he said, "as I am supping with
+Dumas. You must not stop up for me."
+
+Instead, however, of returning that night, Dujarier, feeling that he
+could not face Lola and tell her the truth, stopped with one of his
+seconds. There he wrote and sealed a couple of letters, charging de
+Boignes to "deliver them if required by circumstances." The first was
+to his mother:
+
+     If this letter reaches you, it will be because I shall be
+     dead or else dangerously wounded. To-morrow morning I am
+     going out to fight with pistols. My position requires it;
+     and, as a man of honour, I accept the challenge. If you, my
+     good mother, should have cause to weep, it is better that
+     you should shed tears for a son worthy of yourself than to
+     shed them for a coward. I go to the combat in the spirit of
+     a man who is calm and sure of himself. Justice is on my
+     side.
+
+A more difficult, although less flamboyant, letter to write was the
+second one, for its recipient would be the woman who had given him her
+heart: and was even then anxiously awaiting his return:
+
+     MY EVER DEAREST LOLA:
+
+     I want to explain why it was I slept by myself and did not
+     come to you this morning. It is because I have to fight a
+     duel. All my calmness is required, and seeing you would have
+     upset me. By two o'clock this afternoon everything will be
+     over.
+
+     A thousand fond farewells to the dear little girl I love so
+     much, and the thoughts of whom will be with me for ever.
+
+Having written his letters, he proceeded to draw up his will. This
+document left, among specific bequests to his mother and sister,
+certain shares that he held in the Palais Royal to Lola Montez.
+
+
+III
+
+The date of the meeting was March 11, and the rendezvous was a retired
+spot in the Bois de Boulogne. A bitterly cold morning, with snow on
+the ground and heavy clouds in a leaden sky. As the clock struck the
+appointed hour, Dujarier, accompanied by his seconds, and M. de Guise,
+a medical man, drove up in a cab. They were the first to arrive.
+
+After waiting for more than an hour, Dujarier was in such a nervous
+condition that his seconds declared he would be justified in leaving
+the field, since his adversary had not kept the appointment. Instead,
+however, of jumping at the chance, he took a swig at a flask of
+cognac. The potent spirit gave him some measure of Dutch courage, and
+his teeth stopped chattering.
+
+"I will fight," he announced grandiloquently. "I am a Frenchman, and
+my honour is very dear to me."
+
+It was to be put to the test, for a few minutes later de Beauvallon
+and his seconds arrived, with a tardy apology.
+
+On behalf of their principal, Dujarier's seconds then made a last
+appeal for an amicable settlement. It was coldly received; and they
+were told that "the insult offered was too serious to be wiped out by
+words." There being nothing else for it, the preliminaries were
+discussed, the conditions of the combat being that the adversaries
+should stand thirty paces apart, advance six paces, and then fire.
+
+The pistols were furnished by d'Ecquevillez, and it had been expressly
+stipulated that his principal should not have handled them until that
+moment. When, however, Bertrand examined the pair, he remarked that,
+since the barrels were blackened and still warm to the touch, it was
+obvious that somebody had already practised with them. As, however,
+d'Ecquevillez swore that they had not been tried by de Beauvallon, the
+protest was withdrawn.
+
+The distance being measured and the adversaries placed in position,
+the seconds stepped aside. Then, at a signal, the word was given. The
+first to fire was Dujarier. He was, however, so agitated that he sent
+a bullet wide of the mark. De Beauvallon, on the other hand, was
+perfectly cool and collected. He lifted his weapon and aimed with such
+deliberate care that de Boignes, unable to restrain himself, called
+out excitedly: "_Mais, tirez donc, Monsieur!_" With a nod, de
+Beauvallon pressed the trigger. There was an answering flash and a
+report; and, as the smoke drifted away, Dujarier reeled and fell,
+blood gushing from his mouth and nostrils.
+
+When Dr. de Guise examined him, he looked grave. He saw at once that
+the injury was serious. As a matter of fact, Dujarier was dead before
+they returned to Paris.
+
+As the cab reached the house in the rue Lafitte, Lola, waiting there
+in an agony of suspense, heard the rumble of wheels. Rushing
+downstairs, she stepped back with a cry of terror, for three men were
+carrying a heavy burden into the hall. Instinctively, she realised
+that the worst had happened, that her suspense was at an end.
+
+"Mademoiselle, we have ill tidings for you," said de Boignes.
+
+"I know it," said Lola. "Dujarier is killed. I felt sure this would
+happen. You should not have let him fight."
+
+The funeral of Dujarier, which took place a couple of days later in
+the cemetery at Montmartre, was attended by characteristic pomp. The
+velvet pall above his coffin was held by Balzac, Dumas, and Joseph
+Méry, and a flowery "oration" delivered at the graveside by Emile de
+Girardin:
+
+     "Whether it endure but a single day, or be deep and
+     prolonged, Man's sorrow is always barren and profitless. It
+     cannot restore to a disconsolate mother, bemoaning her
+     untimely loss, the son for whom she weeps, or give him back
+     to his friends.... Let the words written by Dujarier: 'I am
+     about to fight a duel for the most absurd and futile of
+     causes,' never be effaced from our memory. Farewell,
+     Dujarier! Rest in peace! Let us carry away from the
+     graveside the hope that the recollection of so lamentable an
+     end will last long enough to shield others from a similar
+     one. Let all mothers--still astounded and trembling--derive
+     some measure of confidence from this hope, and pray to God
+     for poor Dujarier with all the fervour of their souls!"
+
+As may be imagined, talk followed. A vast amount of talk, in the
+newspapers and elsewhere. "The topic was discussed," one reads, "at
+the royal table itself by the family of Louis-Philippe; and Queen
+Amelie and Aunt Adelaide stigmatised the conduct of this wicked hussy,
+Lola Montez, in severe terms."
+
+
+IV
+
+After such an experience, Lola felt that she had had enough of France
+for a time. Accordingly, she went back to Germany. There she resumed
+relations with Liszt, who took her to a second Beethoven Festival at
+Bonn. While allowance could be made for the artistic temperament, this
+was considered to be straining it, and caustic remarks on the subject
+appeared in the press.
+
+During the absence of Lola from Paris, the relatives of Dujarier had
+not been idle. Unpleasant whispers were heard that the dead man had
+not fallen in a fair fight; and that the fatal bullet had come from a
+weapon with which his adversary had already practised. As this was
+contrary to the conditions of the encounter, the arm of the law
+reached out, and de Beauvallon and his seconds were called upon for an
+explanation. The one they furnished to them was deemed adequate by the
+authorities. Still, if "honour was satisfied," the friends of de
+Beauvallon's victim were not. Accordingly, they set to work, and,
+pulling fresh strings, managed to get the official decision upset.
+
+[Illustration: _Fanny Elssler. Predecessor of Lola Montez in Paris_]
+
+An article on the subject that appeared in _Le Droit_ took a severe
+tone:
+
+"The grounds alleged to be responsible for this deplorable business,"
+declared an editorial, "were utterly frivolous. As a result, the
+public prosecutor has instructed an examining-magistrate to enquire
+into all the circumstances, and an autopsy will be held. It is
+possible that other measures will be adopted."
+
+Other measures _were_ adopted.
+
+"All duels," was the austere comment of the examining-magistrate who
+conducted the enquiry, "are marked by folly, and some by deliberate
+baseness." Where this one was concerned, he hinted at something
+sinister, and asked pointed questions about the pistols that
+d'Ecquevillez had been obliging enough to furnish. The answer was that
+they belonged to M. de Cassignac, who, for his part, declared that,
+until the actual day of the meeting, they had been in the custody of
+the gunsmith from whom he had bought them. The gunsmith, however, M.
+Devismes, said that this was not the case; and another witness
+declared that he had seen de Beauvallon having a little surreptitious
+practice with them in the garden.
+
+The next thing that happened was that, before the magisterial enquiry
+was finished, de Beauvallon and d'Ecquevillez made a hurried departure
+from Paris. During their absence, it was decided to abandon further
+proceedings for want of evidence. Thinking himself safe, de Beauvallon
+then returned. But he was not safe. The Supreme Court cancelled the
+decision of the inferior one, and announced that he was to stand his
+trial for murder.
+
+As public feeling ran high, and it was felt that an impartial jury
+could not have been secured in Paris, the trial was held at Rouen. The
+date was March 26, 1846. Attracted by the special circumstances of
+the case, the court was crowded.
+
+"Nearly all those who were present," says Claudin, "belonged to the
+world of the boulevards." Albert Vandam was among the spectators; and
+with him for a companion was a much more distinguished person, Gustave
+Flaubert.
+
+
+V
+
+All being in readiness, and the stage set for the drama that was about
+to be unfolded, the judges, in the traditional red robes, took their
+seats, with M. Letendre de Tourville as president of the Court. M.
+Salveton, the public prosecutor, and M. Rieff, the advocate-general,
+represented the Government; and Mâitre Berryer and M. Léon Duval
+appeared respectively on behalf of the accused and the dead man's
+mother and sister.
+
+As it had been suggested that de Beauvallon had purposely arrived late
+on the ground, in order to have some preliminary practice, he was told
+to give an account of his movements of the morning of the duel.
+
+"I got up at seven o'clock," he said, "and went downstairs with the
+pistols which had been waiting for me at the concierge's when I
+returned home on the previous evening."
+
+"The concierge remembers nothing of that," interrupted M. Duval. "This
+is a fresh fact. We must certainly consider it. What happened next?"
+
+"I went off in a cab to M. d'Ecquevillez, and handed the pistols to
+him. At half-past ten I returned home, to wait for my seconds. We
+arrived on the ground at half-past eleven. M. de Boignes received us
+coldly, with his hands in his pockets, and said: 'You do well to keep
+us waiting like this for you. Name of God! this isn't a summer
+morning. We think there is not sufficient motive to fight a duel.' I
+answered frigidly, but politely, that I did not agree with him, and
+that I was in the hands of my seconds."
+
+"But one of them, M. de Flers," remarked the President, "thought the
+quarrel trifling and said so. Another thing. Why did M. d'Ecquevillez
+tell us that the pistols belonged to him? Remember, he has given us
+details as to where he got them."
+
+"I ignore details," was the lofty response.
+
+"If you do, we don't," returned the judge.
+
+A vigorous denial was made by de Beauvallon to the suggestion that he
+was familiar with the pistols used in the duel. To convince the jury
+that he was not to be believed, the opposing counsel then told them
+that he had once pawned a watch belonging to somebody else. When the
+judge expressed himself shocked at such depravity, de Beauvallon, says
+a report, "hung his head and wept."
+
+Nor did d'Ecquevillez, the other defendant, cut a very happy figure.
+His real name was said to be Vincent, and aspersions were cast on his
+right to dub himself a "Count." He swore he had never admitted that
+the pistols belonged to him, and that de Beauvallon had borrowed them
+from the gunsmith, Desvismes. The latter, however, calling on heaven
+for support, declared the statement to be a "wicked invention."
+
+Believing in the efficacy of numbers in getting up their case,
+forty-six witnesses were assembled by the prosecution. Mlle Lièvenne,
+the first of them to be examined, brought with her an atmosphere of
+the theatre, "adopting a flashy costume, in deplorably bad taste."
+"This," says a chronicler, "took the form of a blue velvet dress, a
+scarlet shawl, and a pearl-grey mantle." Altogether, a striking
+colour-scheme. But it did not help her. To the indignation of the
+examining-counsel, she affected to remember nothing, declaring that
+she had been "too busy at the supper-table, looking after the
+company."
+
+The other young women, described as "more or less actresses," who had
+also been present, appeared to be suffering from a similar loss of
+memory. Their minds, they protested, were absolutely blank as to what
+had happened at the restaurant and very little could be extracted
+from them. When they had given their evidence, they looked for seats
+in the body of the court. The Rouen ladies, however, having somewhat
+rigid standards, would not permit them to sit between the wind and
+their propriety.
+
+"Things are coming to a pretty pass," they declared, "when
+play-actresses imagine they can sit beside respectable women like
+ourselves."
+
+Thereupon, the discomfited damsels withdrew to the hard benches of the
+public gallery.
+
+Dumas, subpoenaed as a witness, drove all the way from Paris in a
+four-horsed carriage, with Méry as a travelling companion. When he
+took his place on the stand, M. de Tourville, affecting judicial
+ignorance, enquired his profession.
+
+"If," returned the other, striking an attitude, "I did not here happen
+to find myself in the country of the illustrious Corneille, I should
+call myself a dramatist."
+
+"Just so," was the caustic response, "but there are degrees among
+dramatists."
+
+Taking this for encouragement, Dumas launched out into a disquisition
+on the history of the duello through the ages that was nearly as long
+as one of his own serials. In the middle of it, a member of the jury,
+anxious to be in the limelight, asked him a question.
+
+"How does it happen," he enquired, "that Dujarier, who considered that
+a man of fashion must fight at least one duel, had never prepared
+himself by learning to shoot and fence?"
+
+"I cannot tell you," was the reply. "My son, however, told me that he
+once accompanied him to a shooting-gallery. Out of twenty shots, he
+only hit the target twice."
+
+Dumas made an exit as dramatic as his entry.
+
+"I beg," he said, "that the honourable Court will permit me to return
+to Paris, where I have a new tragedy in five acts being performed this
+evening."
+
+Lola Montez, garbed in heavy mourning, was the next summoned to give
+evidence.
+
+"When," says one who was there, "she lifted her veil and removed her
+glove, to take the prescribed oath, a murmur of admiration ran through
+the gathering." To this an impressed reporter adds: "Her lovely eyes
+appeared to the judges of a deeper black than her lace ruffles."
+
+The presiding judge had no qualms about enquiring her age; and she had
+none about lopping five years off it and declaring that she was just
+twenty-one. Nor did she advance any objection to being described, with
+Gallic candour, as the "mistress of Dujarier."
+
+During her evidence, Lola Montez, probably coached by Dumas, did just
+what was expected of her. Thus, she shed abundant tears, struck
+pathetic attitudes, and several times looked on the point of
+collapsing. But what she had to say amounted to very little. In fact,
+it was nothing more than an assertion that ill-feeling existed between
+Dujarier and de Cassagnac, the brother-in-law of de Beauvallon, and
+that the quarrel was connected with an alleged debt.
+
+Dujarier, she said, had forbidden her to make de Beauvallon's
+acquaintance, or to attend the supper at the restaurant. He had
+returned from it in an excited condition at 6 o'clock the next morning
+and told her that he would have to accept a challenge.
+
+"I was troubled about it," she said, "all day long. But for M.
+Bertrand's assurance that the encounter was to be with M. de Beauvoir,
+I would have gone to the police. You see, de Beauvoir was a
+high-minded gentleman, and would not have condescended to profit from
+the poor Dujarier's lack of skill."
+
+"Did you not," enquired counsel, "say 'I am a woman of courage, and,
+if the meeting is in order, I will not stop it'?"
+
+"Yes, but that was because I understood it was to be with de Beauvoir,
+and he would not willingly have harmed Dujarier. When I heard it was
+to be with de Beauvallon I exclaimed, 'My God! Dujarier is as good as
+dead!'"
+
+"I myself," she added, "could handle a pistol more accurately than the
+poor Dujarier; and, if he had wanted satisfaction, I should have been
+quite willing to have gone out with M. de Beauvallon myself."
+
+A murmur of applause met this assurance. Lola's attitude appealed to
+the spectators. She was clearly a woman of spirit.
+
+During the proceedings that followed some sharp things were said about
+M. Granier de Cassagnac, the accused's brother-in-law. Some of them
+were so bitter that at last he protested.
+
+"Monsieur le President," he exclaimed hotly. "I cannot bear these
+abominable attacks on myself any longer."
+
+"If you can't bear them, you can always leave the court," was the
+response.
+
+"This gentleman's indignation does not disturb me in the least," said
+the public prosecutor. "I have already had experience of it, and I
+consider it to be artificial."
+
+
+VI
+
+After all the witnesses had been examined and cross-examined, and
+bullied and threatened in the approved fashion, Mâitre Duval addressed
+the jury on behalf of the dead man's relatives. In the course of this
+he delivered a powerful speech, full of passion and invective, drawing
+a parallel between this _affaire d'honneur_ and the historic one
+between Alceste and Oronte in Molière's drama. According to him,
+Dujarier was a shining exemplar, while de Beauvallon was an
+unmitigated scoundrel, with a "past" of the worst description
+imaginable. Having once, years earlier, pledged a watch that did not
+belong to him, he had "no right to challenge anybody, much less a
+distinguished man of letters, such as the noble Dujarier." The various
+causes of the quarrel were discussed next. Counsel thought very little
+of them.
+
+De Beauvallon had complained that Dujarier had "cut" him. "Is it an
+offence," enquired M. Duval, "for one man to avoid another? Upon my
+word, M. de Beauvallon will have to kill a number of people if he
+wants to kill all those who decline the honour of his companionship."
+As for the gambling quarrel, this was not serious. What, however, was
+serious was that, on the morning of the encounter, de Beauvallon had
+gone to a shooting gallery and had some private practice with the very
+pistols that were afterwards used. This gave him an unfair advantage.
+"If," was the advocate's final effort to win a verdict, "M. de
+Beauvallon is acquitted, the result will be not only a victory for an
+improperly conducted duel, but the very custom of the duel itself will
+be dishonoured by such a decision."
+
+Léon Duval having sat down, the President turned to the defendant's
+counsel.
+
+"The word is with you, M. Berryer," he said.
+
+Mâitre Berryer, a master of forensic oratory, began his address by
+contending that duelling was not prohibited by the law of France. In
+support he quoted Guizot's dictum: "Where the barbarian murders, the
+Frenchman seeks honourable combat; legislation on the subject is
+profitless; and this must be the case, since the duel is the
+complement of modern civilization."
+
+The judges were unprepared to accept this view off-hand; and, after
+consulting with the assessors, the President insisted that, whatever
+M. Berryer might say, duelling was illegal in France. Although he did
+not tell him so, it was also quite as illegal in England, where Lord
+Cardigan had, a little earlier, only just wriggled out of a conviction
+for taking part in one by a combination of false swearing and the
+subservience of his brother peers.
+
+Not in the least upset, M. Berryer advanced another point. As might
+have been expected of so accomplished an advocate, he had little
+difficulty in demolishing the elaborate, but specious and unsupported,
+hypothesis built up by the other side. Hard facts did more with the
+stolid and unimaginative Rouen jury than did picturesque embroideries.
+
+"Is the accusation true?" demanded the President.
+
+"On my honour and on my conscience, before God and before man,"
+announced the foreman, "the declaration of the jury is that it is not
+true."
+
+As a result of this finding, de Beauvallon was acquitted of the charge
+of murder. But he did not escape without penalty, for he was ordered
+to pay 20,000 francs "compensation" to the mother and Dujarier's
+relatives.
+
+"He was the only son of his mother, and she was a widow." Convinced
+that there had been a miscarriage of justice and a vast amount of
+false swearing, the dead man's friends set to work to collect other
+evidence. By a stroke of luck, they got into touch with a gardener,
+who said that he had seen de Beauvallon, in company with
+d'Ecquevillez, having some surreptitious pistol practice on the
+morning of the duel. Thereupon, the pair of them were rearrested and
+tried for perjury. Being convicted, d'Ecquevillez was sentenced to ten
+years' imprisonment and de Beauvallon to eight years. But neither
+couple stopped in durance very long. The revolution of 1848 opened the
+doors of the Conciergerie and they made good their escape, the one of
+them to Spain, and the other to his Creole relatives in Guadeloupe.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII
+
+"HOOKING A PRINCE"
+
+
+I
+
+Immediately after the Rouen trial, Lola left France, returning once
+more to Germany. Perhaps the Irish strain in her blood made her a
+little superstitious. At any rate, just before starting, she consulted
+a clairvoyante. She felt that she had her money's worth, for the Sibyl
+declared that she would "exercise much influence on a monarch and the
+destiny of a kingdom." A long shot, and, as it happened, quite a sound
+one.
+
+Her intention being, as she had candidly informed Dumas, to "hook a
+prince," she studied the _Almanach de Gotha_, and familiarised herself
+with the positions and revenues of the various "notables" accorded
+niches therein.
+
+Germany was obviously the best field to exploit, for that country just
+then was full of princes. As a matter of fact there were no less than
+thirty-six of them waiting to be "hooked." The first place to which
+she went on this errand was Baden, where, according to Ferdinand Bac,
+she "bewitched the future Emperor William I. The Prince, however,
+being warned of her syren spell, presently smiled and passed on."
+
+Better luck befell the wanderer at her next attempt to establish
+intimate contact with a member of the _hoch geboren_, Henry LXXII. His
+principality, Reuss-Lobenstein-Ebersdorf (afterwards amalgamated with
+Thuringia), had the longest name, but the smallest area, of any in the
+kingdom, for it was only about the size of a pocket-handkerchief. But
+to Lola this was of no great consequence. What, however, was of
+consequence was that he was a millionaire (in thalers) and possessed
+an inflammable heart.
+
+A great stickler for etiquette, he once published the following notice
+in his _Court Gazette_:
+
+"For twenty years it has been my express injunction that every
+official shall always be alluded to by his correct title. This
+injunction, however, has not always been obeyed. In future, therefore,
+I shall impose a fine of one thaler on any member of my staff who
+neglects to refer to another by his proper title or description."
+
+But that the Prince could unbend on occasion is revealed by another
+notification to his subjects:
+
+"His Most Serene Highness and All-Highest Self has graciously
+condescended to approve the conduct of those six members of the Reuss
+militia who recently assisted to put out a fire. With his own
+All-Highest hand he is (on production of a satisfactory birth
+certificate) even prepared to shake that of the oldest among them."
+
+Risking a prosecution for _lèse-majesté_, a local laureate described
+the incident in stirring verse. An extract from this effort,
+translated by Professor J. G. Legge, in his _Rhyme and Revolution in
+Germany_, is as follows:
+
+    HONOUR TO WHOM HONOUR IS DUE
+
+    Quite recently in Reuss
+      Militia at a fire
+    (I'm sure it will rejoice you)
+      Great credit did acquire.
+
+    When this, through a memorial,
+      Their gracious Prince by Right
+    Had learned; those territorials
+      He to him did invite.
+
+    And when the good men shyly
+      Stood up before him, each
+    His Gracious Highness highly
+      Praised in a Gracious speech.
+
+    A solemn affidavit
+      (With parents' names and date)
+    Each then produced and gave it
+      --His birth certificate.
+
+    His Highness then demanded
+      The eldest of the band,
+    And clasped that horny-handed
+      With his All-Highest hand.
+
+    Now, this great deed recorded,
+      Who would not dwell for choice
+    Where heroes are rewarded
+      As in the land of Reuss?
+
+Where Lola was concerned, she very soon put a match to the
+inflammable, if arrogant, heart of Prince Henry, and, as a result, was
+"commanded" to accompany him to his miniature court at Ebersdorf. She
+did not, however, stop there very long, for, by her imperious attitude
+and contempt of etiquette, she disturbed the petty officials and
+bourgeois citizens surrounding it to such a degree that they made
+formal complaints to his High-and-Mightiness. At first he would not
+hear a word on the subject. Such was his favourite's position that
+criticism of her actions was perilously near _lèse-majesté_ and
+incurred reprisals. As soon, however, as the amorous princeling
+discovered that his bank balance was being depleted considerably
+beyond the amount for which he had budgeted, he suffered a sudden
+spasm of virtue and issued marching-orders to the "Fair Impure," as
+his shocked and strait-laced Ebersdorfians dubbed the intruder among
+them. There was also some suggestion, advanced by a gardener, that she
+had a habit of taking a short cut across the princely flower-beds when
+she was in a hurry. This was the last straw.
+
+"Leave my kingdom at once," exclaimed the furious Henry. "You are
+nothing but a feminine devil!"
+
+Not in the least discomfited by this change of opinion, Lola riposted
+by presenting a lengthy and detailed account for "services rendered";
+and, when it had been met (and not before), shook the dust of
+Reuss-Lobenstein-Ebersdorf from her pretty feet.
+
+"You can keep your Thuringia," was her parting-shot. "I wouldn't have
+it as a gift."
+
+The next places at which she halted were Homburg and Carlsbad, two
+resorts then beginning to become popular and attracting a wealthy
+crowd seeking a promised "cure" for their various ills. But, finding
+the barons apt to be close-fisted, and the smart young lieutenants
+without one _pfennig_ in their pockets to rub against another, Lola
+was soon continuing her travels.
+
+In September, 1846, she found herself in Wurtemburg, where, much to
+her annoyance, she discovered that a certain Amalia Stubenrauch, a
+prepossessing damsel, who would now be called a gold-digger, had
+conquered the spare affections of King William, on whom Lola herself
+had designs. But that large-hearted monarch had, as it happened, few
+affections to spare for anybody just then, for, when she encountered
+him at Stuttgart, he was on the point of being married to Princess
+Olga of Russia. A correspondent of the _Athenæum_, who was there to
+chronicle the wedding festivities for his paper, registered
+disapproval at her presence in the district. "From the capital of
+Wurtemburg," he announced sourly, "Lola Montez departed in the
+_schnellpost_ for Munich, unimpeded by any luggage." Somebody else,
+however (perhaps a more careful observer), is emphatic that she "went
+off with three carts full of trunks." As she always had a considerable
+wardrobe, this is quite possible.
+
+
+II
+
+When, at the suggestion of Baron Maltitz (a Homburg acquaintance who
+had suggested that she should "try her luck in Munich"), Lola set off
+for Bavaria, that country was ruled by Ludwig I. A god-child of
+Marie-Antoinette, and the son of Prince Max Joseph of Zweibrucken and
+Princess Augusta of Hesse-Darmstadt, he was born at Salzburg in 1786
+and had succeeded his father in 1825. As a young man, he had served
+with the Bavarian troops under Napoleon, and detesting the experience,
+had conceived a hatred of everything military. This hatred was so
+strongly developed that he would not permit his sons to wear uniform.
+Under his regime the military estimates were cut down to the bone. The
+army, he said, was a "waste of money," and he grudged every _pfennig_
+it cost the annual budget. He did his best to abolish conscription,
+but had to abandon the effort. For all, too, that he was a god-son of
+Marie-Antoinette, he had no love for France.
+
+[Illustration: _Porte St. Martin Theatre, Paris, where Lola was a
+"flop"_]
+
+Ludwig's sister, Louisa, exchanging her religion for a consort's
+crown, was the wife of the Czar Alexander I; and he himself was
+married to the Princess Theresa of Saxe-Hildburghausen, a lady
+described as "plain, but exemplary." Still, so far as personal
+appearance goes, Ludwig himself was no Adonis. Nestitz, indeed, has
+pictured him as "having a toothless jaw and an expressionless
+countenance." But his consort did her duty; and, at approved
+intervals, presented him with a quiverful of four sons and three
+daughters. Of his sons, one of them, Otto, was, as a lad of sixteen,
+selected by the Congress of London to be King of Greece, much to the
+fury of the Czar Nicholas, who held that this was a cunning, if
+diplomatic, attempt to set up a Byzantine empire among the Hellenes.
+"Were I," he said in a despatch on the subject, "to give my
+countenance to such a step, I should nullify myself in the eyes of my
+Church." Nesselrode, however, was of another opinion. "It is
+unbecoming," he was daring enough to inform his master, "for the
+Emperor of Russia to question a step upon which the Greeks themselves
+are not in entire accord." A remarkable utterance. Politicians had
+gone to Siberia for less. Palmerston, too, had his way, and Otto,
+escorted by a warship, left his fatherland. On arriving in Athens, the
+joy-bells rang out and the columns of the Parthenon were flood-lit.
+But the choice was not to the popular taste; and it was not long
+before Otto was extinguished, as well as the lights. By the irony of
+fate, he returned to Munich on the very day that Ludwig had erected a
+Doric arch to commemorate the activities of the House of Wittelsbach
+in securing the Liberation of Greece.
+
+Despite this untoward happening, Ludwig remained an ardent
+Phil-Hellene; and, as such, conceived the idea of converting his
+capital into a mixture of Athens and Florence and a metropolis of all
+the arts. Under his fostering care, Munich was brought to bed of a
+succession of temples and columns, and sprouted pillars and porticoes
+in every direction. The slums and alleys and huddle of houses in the
+old enceinte were swept away, and replaced by broad boulevards,
+fringed with museums and churches and picture galleries. For many of
+the principal public buildings he went to good models. Thus, one of
+them, the Königsbau, was copied from the Pitti Palace; a second from
+the Loggia de' Lanzi; and a third from St. Paul's at Rome. He also
+built a Walhalla, at Ratisbon, in which to preserve the effigies of
+his more distinguished countrymen. Yet, although it ran to size, there
+was no niche in it for Luther.
+
+In his patronage of the fine arts, Ludwig followed in the footsteps of
+the Medici. During his regime, he did much to raise the standard of
+taste among his subjects. Martin Wagner and von Hallerstein were
+commissioned by him to travel in Greece and Italy and secure choice
+sculpture and pictures for his galleries and museums. The best of them
+found a home in the Glyptothek and the Pinakothek, two enormous
+buildings in the Doric style, the cost of which he met from his privy
+purse. Another of his hobbies was to play the Maecenas; and any
+budding author or artist who came to him with a manuscript in his
+pocket or a canvas under his arm was certain of a welcome.
+
+We all have our little weaknesses. That of Ludwig of Bavaria was that
+he was a poet. He was so sure of this that he not only produced yards
+of turgid verse, defying every law of construction and metre, but he
+even had some of it printed. A volume of selections from his Muse,
+entitled _Walhalla's Genossen_, was published for him by Baron Cotta,
+and, like the Indian shawls of Queen Victoria, did regular duty as a
+wedding-gift. One effort was dedicated "To Myself as King," and
+another "To my Sister, the Empress of Austria"; and a number of choice
+extracts were translated and appeared in an English guide-book.
+
+Ignoring the divinity that should have hedged their author, Heine was
+very caustic about this royal assault upon Parnassus. Ludwig riposted
+by banishing him from the capital. Still, if he disapproved of this
+one, he added to his library the output of other bards, not
+necessarily German. But, while Browning was there, Tennyson had no
+place on his shelves. One, however, was found for Martin Tupper.
+
+Ludwig cultivated friendly relations with England, and did all he
+could (within limits) to promote an _entente_. Thus, on the occasion
+of a chance visit to Munich by Lord Combermere, he "sent the
+distinguished traveller a message to the effect that a horse and
+saddlery, with aide-de-camp complete, were at his service." His
+companion, however, a member of the Foreign Office Staff, who had
+forgotten to pack his uniform--or in John Bull fashion had declined to
+do so--did not fare so well, since his name was struck off the list of
+"eligibles" to attend the palace functions. Thereupon, says Lord
+Combermere, he "wrote an angry letter to the chamberlain, commenting
+on the absurdity of the restriction."
+
+But Ludwig's opinion of diplomatists was also somewhat unflattering,
+for, of a certain embassy visited by him on his travels, he wrote:
+
+    "A Theatre once--and now an Ambassador's dwelling.
+    Still, thou are what thou wast--the abode of deception."
+
+A strange mixture of Henry IV and Haroun-al-Raschid, Ludwig of Bavaria
+was a man of contradictions. At one moment he was lavishly generous;
+at another, incredibly mean. He could be an autocrat to his finger
+tips, and insist on the observance of the most minute points of
+etiquette; and he could also be as democratic as anybody who ever
+waved a red flag. Thus, he would often walk through the streets as a
+private citizen, and without an escort. Yet, when he did so, he
+insisted on being recognised and having compliments paid him. The
+traffic had to be held up and hats doffed at his approach.
+
+Nowadays, he would probably have been clapped into a museum as a
+curiosity.
+
+Such, then, was the monarch whose path was to be crossed, with
+historic and unexpected consequences to each of them, by Lola Montez.
+
+
+III
+
+On arriving in Munich, Lola called on the manager of the Hof Theatre.
+As this individual already knew of her Paris fiasco, instead of an
+engagement from him, she met with a rebuff. Quite undisturbed,
+however, by such an experience, she hurried off to the palace, and
+commanded the astonished door-keeper to take her straight to the King.
+
+The flunkey referred her to Count Rechberg, the aide-de-camp on duty.
+With him Lola had more success. Boldness conquered where bashfulness
+would have failed. After a single swift glance, Count Rechberg decided
+that the applicant was eligible for admission to the "Presence," and
+reported the fact to his master.
+
+But Ludwig already knew something of the candidate for terpsichorean
+honours. As it happened, that very morning he had received from Herr
+Frays, the director of the Hof Theatre, a letter, telling him that, on
+the advice of his _première-danseuse_, Fräulein Frenzal, he had
+refused to give her an engagement. Count Rechberg's florid description
+of her charms, however, decided His Majesty to use his own judgment.
+But he did not give in easily.
+
+"Is it suggested," he demanded acidly, "that I should receive all
+these would-be ballerinas and put them through their paces? They come
+here by the dozen. Why am I troubled with such nonsense?"
+
+"Sire," returned Rechberg, greatly daring, but with Lola's magnetism
+still upon him, "you will not regret it. I assure you this one is an
+exception. She is delightful. That is the only word for it. Never have
+I seen anybody to equal her. Such grace, such charm, such ----"
+
+"Pooh!" interrupted Ludwig, cutting short the threatened rhapsodies,
+"your swan is probably a goose. Most of them are. Still, now that
+she's here, let her come in. If she isn't any good, I'll soon send her
+about her business."
+
+Brave words, but they availed him nothing. Ludwig shot one glance at
+the woman who stood before him, and capitulated utterly.
+
+A sudden thrill passed through him. His sixty years fell away in a
+flash. A river of blood surged through his sexagenarian arteries. His
+boast recoiled upon himself. Rechberg had not deceived him.
+
+"What has happened to me?" he muttered feebly. "I am bewitched." Then,
+as the newcomer stood smiling at him in all her warm loveliness, he
+found his tongue.
+
+"Mademoiselle, you say you can dance. Well, let me see what you can
+do. Count Rechberg, you may leave us."
+
+"Do I dance here, in this room, Your Majesty?"
+
+"Certainly."
+
+Lola wanted nothing better. The opportunity for which she had been
+planning and scheming ever since she left Paris had come at last.
+Well, she would make the most of it. Not in the least perturbed that
+there was no accompaniment, and no audience but His Majesty, she
+executed a _pas seul_ there and then. It was a "royal performance,"
+and eminently successful. Her feet tripped lightly across the polished
+floor, and danced their way straight into Ludwig's heart.
+
+"You shall dance before the public," he announced. "I will myself give
+orders to the director of the Hof Theatre."
+
+Luise von Kobell, when a schoolgirl, encountered her by chance just
+after her arrival, and thus records the impression she received:
+
+     As I was walking in the Briennerstrasse, not far from the
+     Bayersdorf Palace, I saw a veiled lady, wearing a black gown
+     and carrying a fan, coming towards me. Something flashed
+     across my vision, and I suddenly stood still, completely
+     dazzled by the eyes into which I stared, and which shone
+     from a pale countenance that lit up with a laughing
+     expression at my bewilderment. Then she swept past me; and
+     I, forgetting what my governess had said about looking
+     round, stared after her until she disappeared.... "That,"
+     said my father, when I reached home and recounted my
+     adventure, "must have been Lola Montez, the Spanish dancer."
+
+The next evening little Fräulein von Kobell saw her again at the Hof
+Theatre, where her first appearance before the Munich public was made
+on October 10, 1846.
+
+     Lola Montez assumed the centre of the stage. She was not
+     dressed in the customary tights and short skirts of a
+     ballerina, but in a Spanish costume of silk and lace, in
+     which shone at intervals a diamond. It seemed as if fire
+     darted from her wonderful blue eyes, and she bowed like one
+     of the Graces at the King in the royal box. She danced after
+     the manner of her country, bending on her hips and
+     alternating one posture with another, each rivalling the
+     former one in beauty.
+
+     While she was dancing she held the attention of all;
+     everybody's eyes followed her sinuous movements, now
+     indicative of glowing passion, now of frolicsomeness. Not
+     until she ceased her rhythmic swayings was the spell
+     interrupted. The audience went mad with rapture, and the
+     entire dance had to be repeated over and over again.
+
+Ludwig, ensconced in the royal box, could not take his eyes off her.
+During an _entr'acte_ he scribbled a verse:
+
+    Happy movements, clear and near,
+      Are in thy living grace.
+    Supple and tender, as a deer
+      Art thou, of Andalusian race!
+
+"_Wunderschön!_" declared an admiring aide-de-camp to whom he showed
+it.
+
+"_Kolossal!_" echoed a second, not to be outdone in recognising
+laureateship.
+
+As, however, the cheers were mingled with a few hisses ("due to the
+report that the newcomer was an English Freemason, and wanted to
+destroy the Catholic religion"), the next evening the management took
+the precaution of filling the pit with a leather-lunged and
+horny-handed _claque_. This time the bill consisted of a comedy, _Der
+Weiberseind von Benedix_, followed by a cachucha and a fandango with
+Herr Opsermann for a dancing-partner.
+
+Lola's success was assured; and Herr Frays, who had started by
+refusing to let her appear, was now full of grovelling apologies. He
+offered her a contract. But Lola, having other ideas as to how her
+time should be employed in Munich, would not accept it.
+
+"Thank you for nothing," she said. "When I asked you for an
+engagement, you told me I was not good enough to dance in your
+theatre. Well, I have now proved to both Fräulein Frenzal and yourself
+that I am. That is all I care about, and I shall not dance again,
+either for you or for anybody else."
+
+If she had known enough German, she would probably have added: "Put
+that in your pipe and smoke it!"
+
+Munich in those days must have proved attractive to people with small
+incomes. Thus, Edward Wilberforce, who spent some years there, says
+that meat was fivepence a pound, beer twopence-halfpenny a quart, and
+servants' wages eight shillings a month. But there were drawbacks.
+
+"The city," says an English guide-book of this period, "has the
+reputation of being a very dissolute capital." Yet it swarmed with
+churches. The police, too, exercised a strict watch upon the hotel
+registers; and, as a result of their activities, a "French visitor was
+separated from his feminine companion on grounds of public morality."
+
+"None of your Parisian looseness for us!" said the City Fathers.
+
+But Lola appears to have avoided any such rigid censorship. At any
+rate, a certain Auguste Papon (a mixture of pimp and _souteneur_),
+whom she had met in Paris, happened to be in Munich at the same time
+as herself. The intimacy was revived; and, as he did not possess the
+entrée to the Court, for some weeks they lived together at the Hotel
+Maulich. In the spring of 1847 a young Guardsman found himself in the
+town, on his way back to England from Kissengen. He records that, not
+knowing who she was, he sat next Lola Montez at dinner one evening,
+and gives an instance of her quick temper. "On the floor between us,"
+he says, "was an ice-pail, with a bottle of champagne. A sudden
+quarrel occurred with her neighbour, a Bavarian lieutenant; and,
+applying her foot to the bucket, she sent it flying the length of the
+room."
+
+
+IV
+
+Lola certainly made the running. Five days after she first met him,
+Ludwig summoned all the officials of the Court, and astonished (and
+shocked) them by introducing her with the remark: "Gentlemen, I have
+the honour to present to you my best friend. See to it that you accord
+her every possible respect." He also compelled his long suffering
+spouse to admit her to the Order of the Chanoines of St. Thérèse, a
+distinction for which--considering her somewhat lurid "past"--this new
+recipient was scarcely eligible.
+
+When he heard that instructions had been issued for paying special
+compliments to her, Mr. _Punch_ registered severe disapproval.
+
+"It is a good joke," he remarked, "to call upon others to uphold the
+dignity of one who is always at some freak or other to lower herself."
+
+When she first sailed in dramatic fashion into the orbit of Bavaria's
+sovereign, Lola Montez was just twenty-seven. In the full noontide of
+her beauty and allurement, she was well equipped with what the modern
+jargon calls sex-appeal. Big-bosomed and with generously swelling
+curves, "her form," says Eduard Fuchs, "was provocation incarnate."
+Fuchs, who was an expert on the subject of feminine attractions, knew
+what he was talking about. "Shameless and impudent," adds Heinrich von
+Treitschke, "and as insatiable in her voluptuous desires as Sempronia,
+she could converse with charm among friends; manage mettlesome horses;
+sing in thrilling fashion; and recite amorous poems in Spanish. The
+King, an admirer of feminine beauty, yielded to her magic. It was as
+if she had given him a love philtre. For her he forgot himself; he
+forgot the world; and he even forgot his royal dignity."
+
+The fact that Lola always wore a Byronic collar helped the theory,
+held by many, that she was a daughter of the poet. But her real reason
+for adopting the style was that she had a lovely neck, and this set it
+off to the best advantage. She studied the art of dress and gave it an
+immense amount of care. Where this matter was concerned, no trouble or
+care was too much. Her favourite material was velvet, which she
+considered--and quite justifiably--to exercise an erotic effect on men
+of a certain age. She was insistent, too, that the contours of her
+figure ("her quivering thighs and all the demesnes adjacent thereto")
+should be clearly revealed, and in a distinctly provocative fashion.
+This, of course, was not far removed from exhibitionism. As a result,
+bourgeois opinion was outraged. The wives of the petty officials
+shopping in the Marienplatz shuddered, and clutched their ample skirts
+when they saw her; anxious mothers instructed dumpy Fräuleins "not to
+look like the foreign woman." There is no authoritative record that
+any of them did so.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII
+
+LUDWIG THE LOVER
+
+
+I
+
+Lola Montez had done better than "hook a prince." A lot better. She
+had now "hooked" a sovereign. Her ripe warm beauty sent the thin blood
+coursing afresh through Ludwig's sluggish veins. There it wrought a
+miracle. He was turned sixty, but he felt sixteen.
+
+The conversation of Robert Burns is said to have "swept a duchess off
+her feet." Perhaps it did. But that of Lola Montez had a similar
+effect on a monarch. Under the magic of her spell, this one became
+rejuvenated. The years were stripped from him; he was once more a boy.
+With his charmer beside him, he would wander through the Nymphenburg
+Woods and under the elms in the Englischer Garten, telling her of his
+dreams and fancies. His passion for Greece was forgotten. Pericles was
+now Romeo.
+
+    _In dem Suden ist die Liebe,
+    Da ist Licht und da ist Glut!_
+
+that is,
+
+    In the south there is love,
+    There is light and there is heat,
+
+sang Ludwig.
+
+Yet Lola Montez was not by any means the first who ever burst into the
+responsive heart of Ludwig I. She had many predecessors there. One of
+them was an Italian syren. But that Lola soon ousted her is clear from
+a poetical effort of which the royal troubadour was delivered. This
+begins:
+
+    _Tropfen der Seligkeit und ein Meer von bitteren Leiden
+      Die Italienerin gab--Seligkeit, Seligkeit nur
+    Lässest Du mich entzündend, begeistert, befändig empfinden,
+      In der Spanierin fand Liebe und Leben ich nur!_
+
+A free rendering of this passionate heart throb would read very much
+as follows:
+
+    Drops of bliss and a sea of bitter sorrow
+      The Italian woman gave me. Bliss, only bliss,
+    Thou gav'st my enraptured heart and soul and spirit.
+      In the Spanish woman alone have I found Love and Life!
+
+Ludwig had a prettier name for his inamorata than the "feminine devil"
+of Henry LXXII of Reuss. He called her the "Lovely Andalusian" and the
+"Woman of Spain." She also inspired him to fresh poetic flights. One
+of these ran:
+
+    Thine eyes are blue as heavenly vaults
+      Touched by the balmy air;
+    And like the raven's plumage is
+      Thy dark and glistening hair!
+
+There were several more verses.
+
+A feature of the Residenz Palace was a collection of old masters.
+Wanting to add a young mistress, Ludwig allotted a place of honour
+among them to a portrait of Lola Montez, from the brush of Josef
+Stieler. The work was well done, for the artist was inspired by his
+subject; and he painted her wearing a costume of black velvet, with a
+touch of colour added by red carnations in her head-dress.
+
+Ludwig's heart being large, _Die Schönheitengalerie_ (as the "Gallery
+of Beauties" was called) filled two separate rooms. The one
+qualification for securing a niche on the walls being a pretty face,
+the collection included the Princess Alexandra of Bavaria (daughter of
+the King of Greece), the Archduchess Sophie of Austria, and the
+Baroness de Krüdener (catalogued as the "spiritual sister" of the Czar
+Alexander I), a popular actress, Charlotte Hagen, a ballet-dancer,
+Antoinette Wallinger, and the daughters of the Court butcher and the
+municipal town-crier. To these were added a quartet of Englishwomen,
+in Lady Milbanke (the wife of the British Minister), Lady
+Ellenborough, Lady Jane Erskine, and Lady Teresa Spence. It was to
+this gallery that Ludwig was accustomed to retire for a couple of
+hours every evening, to "meditate" on the charms of its occupants.
+Being, however, possessed of generous instincts, and always ready
+(within limits) to share his good things, the public were admitted on
+Sunday afternoons.
+
+But Ludwig could scratch, as well as purr. On one occasion he chanced
+to meet a lady who had figured among the occupants of the
+_Schönheiten_. She was considerably past the first flush of youth, and
+Ludwig, exercising his prerogative, affected not to remember her.
+
+"But, Sire," she protested, "I used to be in your gallery."
+
+"That, madame," was the response, "must have been a very long time
+ago. You would certainly not be there now."
+
+
+II
+
+From her modest hotel, where, soon tiring of his society, she left
+Auguste Papon to stay by himself, Lola took up fresh quarters in a
+small villa which the King had placed at her disposal in the
+Theresienstrasse, a boulevard conveniently near the Hofgarten and the
+Palace. While comfortable enough, it was held to be merely a temporary
+arrangement. There was not enough room in it for Lola to expand her
+wings. She wanted to establish a _salon_ and to give receptions.
+Accordingly, she demanded something more suitable. It meant spending
+money, and Ludwig had already, he reflected, spent a great deal on her
+whims and fancies. Still, under pressure, he came round, and, agreeing
+that there must be a fitting nest for his love-bird (with a perch in
+it for himself), he summoned his architect, Metzger, and instructed
+him to build one in the more fashionable Barerstrasse.
+
+"No expense is to be spared," he said.
+
+None was spared.
+
+[Illustration: _Supper-Party at Les Frères Provençaux. First act in a
+Tragedy_]
+
+The new dwelling, which adjoined the Karolinen Platz, was really a
+bijou palace, modelled on the Italian style. Everything in it was of
+the best, for Ludwig had cash and Lola had taste. Thus, her toilet-set
+was of silver ware; her china and glass came from Dresden: the rooms
+were filled with costly nicknacks; mirrors and cabinets and vases and
+bronzes; richly-bound books on the shelves; and valuable tapestries
+and pictures on the walls. French elegance, added to Munich art, with
+a touch of solid English comfort in the shape of easy chairs and
+couches.
+
+To check a playful habit that the Munich mob had of throwing bricks
+through them, when they had drunk more beer than they could carry, the
+windows were fitted with iron grilles. As a further precaution, a
+mounted officer always accompanied the Barerstrasse châtelaine when
+she was driving in public, and sentries stood at the door, to keep the
+curious at a respectful distance.
+
+A description of the Barerstrasse nest was sent to London by a
+privileged journalist who had inspected it:
+
+"The style of luxury in which Lola Montez lives here passes all
+bounds. Nothing to equal it has been met with in Munich. It might
+almost be an Aladdin's palace! The walls of her bed-chamber are hung
+with guipure and costly satin. The furniture is of Louis XV era, and
+the mantelpiece is of valuable Sèvres porcelain. The garden is filled
+with rare flowers, and the carriages and horses in the stables are the
+wonder and envy of the honest burghers."
+
+"The Queen herself could not be better housed," said Lola delightedly,
+when she saw all the luxuries of which she was now the mistress.
+
+"You are my Queen," declared Ludwig fondly.
+
+While Lola, to please her patron, grappled with the intricacies of the
+German tongue, Ludwig, to please his charmer, took lessons from her in
+Spanish. She still stuck to her Andalusian upbringing, and is said
+(but the report lacks confirmation) to have introduced him to à
+Kempis. This, however, is probably a misprint for Don Quixote. None
+the less, her inspiration was such that her pupil could write:
+
+    Thou dost not wound thy lover with heartless tricks;
+    Nor dost thou play with him wantonly.
+    Thou art not for self; thy nature is generous and kind.
+    My beloved! Thou art munificent and unchanging.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    "Give me happiness!" I begged with fierce longing.
+    And happiness I received from thee, thou Woman of Spain!
+
+Notwithstanding the suggestion implied by this assurance, Lola always
+insisted that her relations with the King were purely platonic. While
+this view is a little difficult to accept, it is significant that
+Ludwig's lawful spouse never objected to their "friendship." Her
+Majesty, however, was of a placid temperament. Perhaps, too, she
+thought that the fancy would not endure. If so, she was wrong, for,
+with the passage of time, the newcomer was obviously consolidating her
+position. "Lola Montez, of horse-whipping notoriety," remarked a
+journalist, "appears to be increasing in favour at the Court of
+Bavaria. The Queen calls her 'My dear,' and the ladies consider it
+their duty to caress the one who has all the world of Munich at her
+feet."
+
+During the summer, Ludwig, divesting himself of the cares of state,
+retired to his castle at Bruckenau, picturesquely situated in the
+Fulda Forest; and Lola, attended by a squadron of Cuirassiers,
+accompanied him to this retreat. There, as in the Nymphenburg Park,
+Ludwig dreamed dreams, while Lola amused herself with the officers of
+the escort. Halcyon days--and nights. They inspired His Majesty with
+yet another "poem":
+
+      SONG OF WALHALLA
+
+    Through the holy dome, oh come,
+    Brothers, let us roam along;
+    Let from thousand throats the hum
+    Rise, like rivers, swift and strong!
+
+    When the notes have died away
+      Let us clasp each other's hand;
+    And, to high Heaven, let us pray
+      For our dearest Fatherland!
+
+While she accorded it full value, Lola Montez did not depend on mere
+beauty for her power. She had a markedly sadistic vein in her
+composition; and, when annoyed, was not above laying about her right
+and left with a dog-whip that she always carried. An impudent lackey
+would be flogged into submission, or set upon by a fierce mastiff that
+she kept at her heels. High office, too, meant nothing to her. She
+boxed the ears of Baron Pechman; and, because he chanced to upset her,
+she encouraged her four-coated companion to tear the best trousers of
+Professor Lasaulx, the nephew of Görrez, a Cabinet Minister.
+
+Her English bulldog (with apparently a strain of Presbyterian blood in
+him) had an unerring scent for Jesuits. He seemed to disapprove of
+their principles as much as his mistress did, and would attack them at
+sight. This animal would also appear to have been something of a
+prohibitionist. At any rate, he once bit a brewer's carman, delivering
+goods to a _bierkeller_. When the victim expostulated, Lola struck him
+with her whip. This infuriated the crowd to such an extent that she
+had to take refuge in a shop. There she happened to jostle a
+lieutenant, who, not recognising her, ventured on a protest. The next
+morning he received a challenge from a fire-eating comrade, alleging
+that he had "insulted a lady." Because the challenge was refused, a
+"court of honour" had him deprived of his commission.
+
+
+III
+
+What a distressed commentator has dubbed the "equivocal position" of
+Lola Montez at Munich also stuck in the gullet of the Cabinet, and
+heads were shaken. Public affronts were offered her. When she visited
+the Odéon Theatre, the stalls adjoining the one she occupied were
+promptly emptied. "Respectable women drew back, exhibiting on their
+countenances disgust and terror." But the masculine members of the
+audience were less exclusive, or perhaps made of sterner material, for
+they displayed eagerness to fill up the vacant stalls. "A new chivalry
+was born," says a chronicler of town gossip, "and paladins were
+anxious to act as a buckler."
+
+With the passage of time the infatuation of the Wittelsbach Lovelace
+became so marked that it could not be ignored in places beyond Munich.
+The Countess Bernstorff grew seriously perturbed. "There has long been
+talk," she confided to a friend, "as to whether King Ludwig would so
+far presume on the kindness and indulgence of the Queen of Prussia as
+to bring Lola Montez to Court during Her Majesty's forthcoming stay in
+Munich." The problem, however, was solved by the tactful action of
+Lola herself, who gave the palace a wide berth until the visit had
+come to an end.
+
+In his _Memoirs of Madam Jenny Lind-Goldschmidt_ shocked horror is
+similarly expressed by Canon Scott Holland at the possibility of the
+Swedish Nightingale, who was arranging to give a concert there,
+encountering Lola in her audience:
+
+     The time fixed for this visit to Munich was, in one respect,
+     most unpropitious; and, for a young artist, unsupported by
+     powerful moral protection, the visit itself might well have
+     proved extremely unpleasant. It was impossible to sing at
+     Court, for the reigning spirit in the household of King
+     Ludwig I was the notorious Lola Montez, who was then at the
+     climax of her ill-gotten power. To have been brought into
+     contact with such a person would have been intolerable. An
+     invitation to Court would have rendered such contact
+     inevitable.
+
+But if Jenny Lind adopted a lofty attitude and refused to fulfil an
+engagement in the Bavarian capital, lest she should have chanced to
+rub shoulders with Ludwig's mistress, other visitors did not share
+these qualms. They arrived in battalions, and evinced no
+disinclination to make her acquaintance. "To the shame of the
+aristocracy and the arts," says a rigid commentator, "every day there
+were to be found at the feet of this Cyprian intruder a throng of
+princes and philosophers, authors and painters, and sculptors and
+musicians."
+
+Fresh tactics to get her out of Munich were then adopted. When,
+however, somebody remarked that Ludwig was old enough to be her
+grandfather, she sent him away with a flea in his ear.
+
+"It is ridiculous to talk like that," she said. "My Ludwig's heart is
+young. If you knew the strength of his passion, you would not credit
+him with being more than twenty!"
+
+As for Ludwig himself he was bombarded with anonymous letters and
+warnings, calling Lola by every evil name that occurred to the
+writers. She was La Pompadour and the Sempronia of Sallust in one, a
+"voluptuous woman," and a "flame of desire." There were also tearful
+protests from the higher clergy, who, headed by Archbishop
+Diepenbrock, were positive that the "dancing woman" was an emissary of
+Satan (sometimes they said of Lord Palmerston) sent from England to
+destroy the Catholic religion in Bavaria.
+
+Ludwig was curt with His Grace. "You stick to your _stola_," he said,
+"and let me stick to my Lola."
+
+A soft answer, perhaps; but not a very satisfactory one.
+
+"It is all very well for kings to have mistresses," was the opinion of
+the more broad-minded, "but they should select them from their own
+countrywomen. This one is a foreigner. Why should our hard-earned
+money be lavished on her?" The grievance was, as it happened, well
+founded, for Lola was drawing 20,000 marks a year, wrung from the
+pockets of the tax-payers.
+
+Baron Pechman, the Chief of Police, had a bad reception when he
+suggested that the populace might get out of control.
+
+"If you can't manage the mob," said Ludwig, turning on him furiously,
+"I'll get someone who can. A change of air may do you good."
+
+The next morning the discomfited Baron Pechman found himself _dégommé_
+and a successor appointed to his office.
+
+The intrigue was too openly conducted to be "hushed up." Word of what
+was happening in Munich soon filtered through to Vienna. Queen
+Caroline-Augusta, Ludwig's sister, shook her head. "Alas," she sighed,
+"my wretched brother is always bringing fresh shame on me." She wrote
+him letters of tearful protest. They were ignored. She protested by
+word of mouth. Ludwig, in unbrotherly fashion, told her to "mind her
+own business." Caroline's next move was to take clerical counsel.
+"These creatures are always venal," said the Jesuits. "They only care
+for cash." An emissary was accordingly despatched to the Barerstrasse
+mansion, to convey an offer. Unfortunately, however, he had not
+advanced beyond "_Gnädige Frau, erlauben_," when he himself
+capitulated to Lola's charms, and returned to the Hofburg, his task
+unaccomplished. Still, he must have made out some sort of story to
+save his face, for the Princess Mélanie wrote: "Our good Senfft has
+come back. He was unable to speak to Lola Montez. The poor country of
+Bavaria is in a sad condition, which gets worse every day."
+
+The least disturbed individual appeared to be Queen Thérèse. Her
+attitude was one of placidity itself. But perhaps she was, by this
+time, accustomed to the dalliance of her Ludwig along the primrose
+path. Also, she probably knew by experience that it was not the
+smallest use making a fuss. The milk was spilled. To cry over it now
+would be a wasted effort.
+
+The King's favourite was good "copy" for the Bavarian press; and the
+Munich journals were filled with accounts of her activities. Not in
+the least upset by their uncomplimentary references to himself, Ludwig
+instructed his librarian, Herr Lichenthaler, to collect all the
+pasquinades, lampoons, squibs, and caricatures (many of them far from
+flattering, and others verging on the indecent) that appeared and have
+them sumptuously bound. It was not long before enough had been
+assembled to fill half a dozen volumes. His idea was "to preserve for
+posterity all this mountain of mud, as a witness of Bavaria's shame."
+That somebody else was responsible for the "shame" did not occur to
+him.
+
+A choice specimen among the collection was one entitled _Lola Montez,
+oder Des Mench gehört dem Könige_ ("Lola Montez, or the Wench who
+belongs to the King"). There was also a scurrilous, and distinctly
+blasphemous, broadsheet, purporting to be Lola's private version of
+the Lord's Prayer:
+
+     "Our Father, in whom throughout my life, I have never yet
+     had much belief, all's well with me. Hallowed be thy
+     name--so far as I am concerned. Thy kingdom come, that is,
+     my bags of gold, my polished diamonds, and my unpolished
+     Alemannia. Thy will be done, if thou wilt destroy my
+     enemies. Give me this day champagne and truffles and
+     pheasant, and all else that is delectable, for I have a very
+     good appetite.... Lead me not into temptation to return to
+     this country, for, even if I were bullet-proof, I might be
+     arrested, clapped into a cage, and six francs charged for a
+     peep at me. Amen!"
+
+
+IV
+
+Those were the days when gentlemen (at any rate, Bavarians) did not
+necessarily prefer blondes. Lola's raven locks were much more to their
+taste. If she were not a success in the ballet, she was certainly one
+in the boudoir. Of a hospitable and gregarious disposition, she kept
+what amounted to open house in her Barerstrasse villa. Every morning
+she held an informal levée there, at which any stranger who sent in
+his card was welcome to call and pay his respects; and in the
+evenings, when she was not dancing attendance on Ludwig at the Palace,
+the Barerstrasse reception would be followed by a soirée. These
+gatherings attracted--in addition to a throng of artists and authors
+and musicians--professors and scholars from all over Europe; and, as
+Gertrude Aretz remarks, in her admirable study, _The Elegant Woman_
+(with considerable reference to this one): "the best intellects of her
+century helped to draw her victorious chariot." The uncultured mob,
+however, dubbed her a "Fair Impire" and a "Light o' Love," and flung
+even stronger and still more uncomplimentary epithets. Their subject,
+however, received them with a laugh. The shopkeepers, with an eye to
+business, embellished their wares with her portrait; and the
+University students, headed by Fritz Peissner, serenaded her in front
+of her windows.
+
+    _Lolita schön, wie Salamoni's Weiber.
+    Welch 'suszer Reis flog über dich dahin!_
+
+they sang in rousing chorus.
+
+Among the students engaged in amassing light and learning at the
+University of Munich, there were a number of foreigners. One of them
+was a young American, Charles Godfrey Leland ("Hans Breitmann"), who
+had gone there, he says, to "study æsthetics." But this did not take
+up all his time, for, during the intervals of attending classes, he
+managed to see something of Lola Montez. "I must," he says, "have had
+a great moral influence on her, for, so far as I am aware, I am the
+only friend she ever had at whom she never threw a plate or a book, or
+attacked with a dagger, poker, broom, or other deadly weapon.... I
+always had a strange and great respect for her singular talents. There
+were few, indeed, if any there, were, who really knew the depths of
+that wild Irish soul."
+
+In another passage Leland offers further details: "The great, the
+tremendous, celebrity at that time in Munich was also an opera dancer,
+though not on the stage. This was Lola Montez, the King's last
+favourite.... She wished to run the whole kingdom and government, kick
+out the Jesuits, and kick up the devil, generally speaking.
+
+"One of her most intimate friends was wont to tell her that she and I
+had many very strange characteristics in common, which we shared with
+no one else, while we differed utterly in other respects. It was very
+like both of us, for Lola, when defending the existence of the soul
+against an atheist, to tumble over a great trunk of books of the most
+varied kind, till she came to an old vellum-bound copy of _Apuleius_,
+and proceed to establish her views according to his subtle
+neo-Platonism. But she romanced and embroidered so much in
+conversation that she did not get credit for what she really knew."
+
+Well, if it comes to that, Leland for his part was not above
+"romancing" and "embroidering." His books are full of these qualities.
+"Marvels," says a biographer, "fill his descriptions of student life
+at Munich. Interesting people figure in his reminiscences....
+Prominent among them was Lola Montez, the King's favourite of the day,
+cordially hated by all Munich for an interference in public affairs,
+hardly to be expected from the 'very small, pale, and thin or _frèle_
+little person with beautiful blue eyes and curly black hair' who flits
+across the pages of the Memoirs."
+
+If this were Leland's real opinion of Lola's appearance, he must have
+formed it after drinking too much of the Munich beer of which he was
+so fond. He seems to have drunk a good deal at times, as he admits in
+one passage: "after the dinner and wine, I drank twelve _schoppens_."
+A dozen imperial pints would take some swallowing, and not leave the
+memory unclouded as to subsequent events.
+
+
+V
+
+Despite the alleged Spanish blood in her veins, Lola (with, perhaps,
+some dim stirring of memory for the far-off Montrose chapter) declared
+herself a staunch Protestant, and, like her pet bull dog, disavowed
+the Jesuits and all their works. Hence, she supported the Liberal
+Government; and, as an earnest of her intentions, started operations
+by attempting to establish contact with von Abel, the head of the
+Ultramontane Ministry. He, however, affecting to be hurt at the bare
+suggestion, would have nothing to do with the "Scarlet Woman," as he
+did not scruple to call her. Following his example, the clerical press
+redoubled their attacks. As a result, Lola decided to form an
+opposition and to have a party of her own. For this purpose she
+turned to some of the younger students, among whom she had a
+particular admirer in one Fritz Peissner. In response to her smiles,
+he, together with Count Hirschberg and a number of his friends,
+embodied themselves in a special corps, pledged to act as her
+bodyguard. Its members elected to be known as the Alemannia, and
+invited her to accept the position of _Ehren-Schwester_ ("honorary
+sister"). Lola was quite agreeable, and reciprocated by setting apart
+a room in her villa where the swash-bucklers could meet. Not to be
+outdone in paying compliments, the Alemannia planted a tree in her
+garden on Christmas Day. Their distinguishing badge (which would now
+probably be a black shirt) was a red cap. As was inevitable, they were
+very soon at daggers drawn with the representatives of the other
+University Corps, who, having long-established traditions, looked upon
+the newcomers as upstarts, and fights between them were constantly
+occurring when they met in public. Altogether, Ludwig had reason to
+regret his action in transferring the University from its original
+setting at Landshut. On the other hand, Councillor Berks, a thick and
+thin champion of Lola (and not above taking her lap-dogs for an airing
+in the Hofgarten), supported the Alemannia, declaring them to be "an
+example to corrupt youth." Prince Leiningen retaliated by referring to
+him as "that wretched substitute for a minister, commonly held by
+public opinion in the deepest contempt."
+
+The origin of the Alemannia was a little curious. Two members of the
+Palatia Corps happened one afternoon, while peering through the
+windows of the Barerstrasse mansion, to see Lola entertaining a couple
+of their fellow-members. This they held to be "an affront to the
+honour of the Palatia," and the offenders, glorying in their conduct,
+were expelled by the committee. Thereupon, they joined with Fritz
+Peissner when he was thinking of establishing a fresh corps.
+
+In her new position, Lola did not forget her old friends. Feeling her
+situation with Ludwig secure, she wrote to Liszt, offering him "the
+highest order that Bavaria could grant." He declined the suggestion,
+and sent word of her doings to Madame d'Agoult:
+
+     Apropos of this too celebrated Anglo-Spanish woman, have you
+     heard that King Louis of Bavaria has demanded the sacrifice
+     of her theatrical career? and that he is keeping her at
+     Munich (where he has bought her a house) in the quality of a
+     favourite Sultanah?
+
+Later on, he returned to the subject:
+
+     I have been specially pleased with a couple of allusions to
+     Lola and this poor Mariette; but, to be perfectly
+     candid--and being afraid that you would find the subject a
+     little indecorous--I began to reproach myself for having
+     mentioned it to you in my last letter from Czernowitz.
+
+     In speaking of Lola, you tell me that you defend her (which
+     I do also, but not for the same reasons) because she stands
+     for progress. Then, a page further on, in resuming the
+     subject at Vienna, you find me very young to still believe
+     in justice, not realising that, in this little circle of
+     ideas and things, I represent in Europe a progressive and
+     intelligent movement. "Alas! Who represents anything in
+     Europe to-day?" you enquire with Bossuet.
+
+     Well, then, Lola stands for the nineteenth century, and
+     Daniel Stern stands for the woman of the ninth century; and,
+     were it not for having contributed to the representation of
+     others, I too shall finish by representing something else,
+     by means of the 25,000 francs of income it will be necessary
+     for me to end up by securing.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX
+
+"MAÎTRESSE DU ROI"
+
+
+I
+
+The role for which Lola cast herself was that of La Pompadour to the
+Louis XV of Ludwig I. She had been a coryphée. Now she was a
+courtesan. History was repeating itself. Like an Agnes Sorel or a Jane
+Shore before her, she held in Munich the semi-official and quite
+openly acknowledged position of the King's mistress. It is said of her
+that she was so proud of the title and all it implied, that she would
+add "Maîtresse du Roi" to her signature when communicating with
+understrappers at the palace. Ludwig, however, thought this going too
+far, and peremptorily forbade the practice. Lola gave way. Perhaps the
+only time on record. In return, however, she advanced a somewhat
+embarrassing demand.
+
+"My position as a king's favourite," she said, "entitles me to the
+services of a confessor and a private chapel."
+
+Ludwig was quite agreeable, and instructed Count Reisach, the
+Ultramontane Archbishop of Munich, to select a priest for this
+responsible office. His Grace, however, reported that all the clergy
+in a body had protested to him that, "fearing for their virtue, they
+could not conscientiously accept the post."
+
+Disappointed at the rebuff, Lola herself then applied to Dr.
+Windischmann, the Vicar-General, telling him that if he would
+undertake the office she would reciprocate by securing him a
+bishopric. This dignitary, however, was not to be tempted. "Madame,"
+he said, "my confessional is in the Church of Notre-Dame; and you can
+always go there when you want to accuse yourself of any of the
+numerous sins you have committed."
+
+Nor would His Eminence, the Primate of Poland, give any help. All he
+would do was to get into his carriage and set off to expostulate with
+the King. But it was a wasted effort, for Ludwig insisted that his
+relations with the conscience-stricken postulant were "nothing more
+than platonic." Thereupon, "the superior clergy announced that the
+designs of Providence were indeed inscrutable to mere mortals, but
+they trusted that His Majesty would at any rate change his mistress."
+Ludwig, however, brooking no interference with his amours, refused to
+do anything of the kind.
+
+"What are you thinking about?" he stormed. "How dare you hint that I
+am the man to roll myself in the mud of the gutter? My feelings for
+this lady are of the most lofty and high-minded description. If you
+drive me to extremes, heaven alone knows what will happen!"
+
+His Eminence met the outburst by whispering in the ear of the Bishop
+of Augsburg that the King was "possessed." As for the Bishop of
+Augsburg, he "wept every day." A leaky prelate.
+
+"It is a paradox," was the expert opinion of Archbishop Diepenbrock,
+"that the more shameful she is, the more beautiful is a courtesan." A
+"Day of Humiliation," with a special prayer composed by himself, was
+his suggestion for mending matters; and Madame von Krüdener, not to be
+outdone in coming to the rescue, preached the necessity of "public
+penance." Thus taken to task, Ludwig solemnly declared in writing that
+he had "never exacted the last favours" from Lola Montez, and
+furnished the entire episcopal bench with a copy of this declaration.
+
+"That only makes his folly the greater," was the caustic comment of
+Canitz, who was not to be deluded by eye-wash of this description.
+
+With the passage of time, Lola's influence at the Palace grew
+stronger. Before long, it became abundantly clear to the Ministry that
+she was the real channel of approach to the King and, in fact, his
+political Egeria. "During that period," says T. Everett Harré, "when
+she was known throughout the world as the 'Uncrowned Queen of
+Bavaria,' Lola Montez wielded a power perhaps enjoyed by no woman
+since the Empress Theodora, the circus mime and courtesan, was raised
+to imperial estate by the Emperor Justinian." Well aware of this fact,
+and much as they objected to it, the Cabinet, headed by von Abel,
+began by attempting to win her to their side. When they failed, they
+put their thick heads together, and, announcing that she was an
+emissary of Palmerston--just as La Paiva was credited with being in
+Bismarck's employ--they hinted that her room was preferable to her
+company. The hints having no effect, other measures were adopted.
+Thus, Ludwig's sister offered her a handsome sum (for the second time)
+to leave the country, and Metternich improved on it; the Bishop of
+Augsburg, drying his tears, composed another and longer special
+prayer; the Cabinet threatened to resign; and caricatures and
+scurrilous paragraphs once more appeared in Munich journals. But all
+to no purpose. Lola refused to budge. Nothing could shake her resolve,
+_J'y suis, j'y reste_, might well have been her motto.
+
+"I will leave Bavaria," she said, "when it suits me, and not before."
+
+
+II
+
+For ten years Ludwig had been under the thumb of the Ultramontanes and
+the clerical ministry of Carl von Abel. He was getting more than a
+little tired of the combination. The advance of Lola Montez widened
+the breach. To get rid of him, accordingly, he offered von Abel the
+appointment of Bavarian Minister at Brussels. The offer, however, was
+not accepted. Asked for his reason, von Abel said that he "wanted to
+stop where he was and keep an eye on things."
+
+[Illustration: _Residenz Palace, Munich, in 1848. Residence of Ludwig
+I_]
+
+At this date Bavaria was Catholic to a man--and a woman--and the
+Ultramontanes held the reins of government. While one would have
+been enough, they professed to have two grievances. One was the
+"political poison" of the Liberal opposition; and the other was the
+"moral perversion" of the King. In March matters came to a crisis. A
+number of University professors, headed by the rigid Lasaulx, held an
+indignation meeting in support of the Ultramontane Cabinet and "their
+efforts to espouse the cause of good morals." This activity on the
+part of a secular body was resented by the clergy, who considered that
+they, and not the University, were the official custodians of the
+public's "morals." But if it upset the clergy, it upset Ludwig still
+more; and, to mark his displeasure, he summarily dismissed four of the
+lecturers he himself had appointed. As the general body of students
+sided with them, they "demonstrated" in front of the house of Lola
+Montez, whom they held responsible.
+
+What began as a very ordinary disturbance soon developed into
+something serious. Tempers ran high; brickbats were thrown, and
+windows smashed; there were collisions with the police, who
+endeavoured to arrest the ringleaders; and finally the Karolinen Platz
+had to be cleared by a squadron of Cuirassiers. The Alemannia, joining
+arms, forced a passage through which Lola managed to slip to safety
+and reach the gates of the Residenz. But it was, as she said, "a near
+thing."
+
+The crowd relieved their feelings by breaking a few more windows; and
+a couple of Alemannia, detached from their comrades, were ducked in
+the Isar.
+
+"_Vivat, Lola!_" bellowed one contingent.
+
+"_Pereat, Lola!_" bellowed the opposition.
+
+Accounts of the disturbance filtered through to England. There they
+attracted much attention and acid criticism.
+
+"A lady," remarked the _Examiner_, "has overthrown the Holy Alliance
+of Southern Germany. Lola Montez, whose affecting testimony during the
+trial of those who killed Dujarier in a duel cannot but be remembered,
+was driven by that catastrophe to seek her fortunes in other realms.
+Chance brought her to Munich, the Sovereign of which capital has
+divided his time between poetry and the arts, gallantry and devotion."
+
+"What Paphian cestus," was another sour comment, "does Lola wind round
+the blade of her poniard? We all remember how much the respectable
+Juno was indebted to the bewitching girdle of a less regular fair one,
+but the properties of that talisman are still undescribed."
+
+The _Thunderer_, in its capacity as a European watch-dog, had its eye
+on Ludwig and his dalliance along the primrose path. Disapproval was
+registered. "The King of Bavaria," solemnly announced a leading
+article, "has entirely forgotten the duties and dignities of his
+position."
+
+Freiherr zu Canitz, however, who had succeeded von Bülow as Minister
+for Foreign Affairs, looked upon Ludwig's lapse with more indulgence.
+"It is not," he wrote from the Wilhelmstrasse, "the first time by any
+means that kings have chosen to live with dancers. While such conduct
+is not, perhaps, strictly laudable, we can disregard it if it be
+accompanied by a certain measure of decorum. Still, a combination of
+ruler-ship and dalliance with a vagrant charmer is a phenomenon that
+is as much out of place as is an attempt to govern a country by
+writing sonnets."
+
+Availing herself of what was then, as now, looked upon as a natural
+safety-valve, Lola herself wrote to the _Times_, giving her own
+version of these happenings:
+
+     I left Paris in June last on a professional trip; and, among
+     other arrangements, decided upon visiting Munich where, for
+     the first time, I had the honour of appearing before His
+     Majesty and receiving from him marks of appreciation, which
+     is not a very unusual thing for a professional person to
+     receive at a foreign Court.
+
+     I had not been here a week before I discovered that there
+     was a plot existing in the town to get me out of it, and
+     that the party was the Jesuit Party.... When they saw that
+     I was not likely to leave them, they tried what bribery
+     would do; and actually offered me 50,000 fcs. a year if I
+     would quit Bavaria and promise never to return. This, as you
+     may imagine, opened my eyes; and, as I indignantly refused
+     their offer, they have since not left a stone unturned to
+     get rid of me.... Within this last week a Jesuit professor
+     of philosophy at the university here, named Lasaulx, was
+     removed. Thereupon, the party paid and hired a mob to insult
+     me and break the windows of my house.
+
+     ... Knowing that your columns are always open to protect
+     anyone unjustly accused, and more especially when that one
+     is an unprotected female, makes me rely upon you for the
+     insertion of this; and I have the honour to subscribe
+     myself, your obliged servant,
+
+     LOLA MONTEZ.
+
+A couple of weeks later Printing House Square was favoured with a
+second epistle:
+
+     _To the Editor of "The Times."_
+
+     MUNICH,
+
+     _March 31._
+
+     SIR:--In consequence of the numerous reports circulated in
+     various papers regarding myself and family, I beg of you,
+     through the medium of your widely circulated journal, to
+     insert the following:
+
+     I was born at Seville in the year 1833; my father was a
+     Spanish officer in the service of Don Carlos; my mother, a
+     lady of Irish extraction, born at the Havannah, and married
+     to an Irish gentleman, which, I suppose, is the cause of my
+     being called sometimes Irish and sometimes English, and
+     "Betsy Watson," and "Mrs. James," etc.
+
+     I beg leave to say that my name is Maria Dolores Porres
+     Montez, and I have never changed that name.
+
+     As for my theatrical qualifications, I never had the
+     presumption to think I had any. Circumstances obliged me to
+     adopt the stage as a profession, which profession I have now
+     renounced for ever, having become a naturalised Bavarian,
+     and intending in future making Munich my residence.
+
+     Trusting that you will give this insertion, I have the
+     honour to remain, Sir,
+
+     Your obedient servant,
+
+     LOLA MONTEZ.
+
+The assumption that she had ever been known as "Betsy Watson" was due
+to the fact that she was said at one period to have lived under this
+name in Dublin, "protected there by an Irishman of rank and fortune."
+With regard to the rest of the letter, this was much the same as the
+one she had circulated after her London fiasco. It was very far from
+being well founded. Still, she had repeated this story so often that
+she had probably come to believe in it herself.
+
+As _The Times_ at that period was not read in Munich to any great
+extent, Lola, wanting a larger public, sent a letter to the
+_Allegemeine Zeitung_. This, she thought, would secure her a measure
+of sympathy not accorded her elsewhere:
+
+"I object to being made a target for countless malicious
+attacks--public and private, written and printed--some whispered in
+secret, and others uttered to the world. I therefore now stigmatise as
+a wicked liar and perverter of the truth any individual who shall,
+without proving it, disseminate any report to my detriment."
+
+The letter was duly published. The attacks, however, did not end. On
+the contrary, they redoubled in virulence. All sorts of fresh charges
+were brought against her. Many of them were quite unfounded, and
+deliberately ignored much that might have been put to her credit. Lola
+had not done nearly as much harm as some of Ludwig's lights o' love.
+Her predecessors, however, had made themselves subservient to the
+Jesuits and clericals. When her friends sent protests to the editor,
+refuge was taken in the stereotyped reply: "pressure on our space
+does not permit us to continue this correspondence."
+
+By those who wished her ill, any stick was good enough with which to
+beat Lola Montez. Thus, when a dignitary died--no matter what the
+medical diagnosis--it was announced in the gutter press that he died
+of "grief, caused by the national shame." The alleged last words of a
+certain politician were declared to be: "I die because I cannot
+continue living under the orders of a strumpet who rules our dear
+Bavaria as if she were a princess." Ludwig took it calmly. "The real
+trouble with this poor fellow," he said, "is that he never experienced
+the revivifying effects of the love of a beautiful woman." A popular
+prescription. The local doctors, however, were coy about recommending
+it to their patients.
+
+That the Munich disturbances had an aftermath is clear from a news
+item that appeared in the _Cologne Gazette_ of July, 3, 1847. Lola,
+wanting a change of air and scene, had gone on a tour, travelling
+_incognita_ and without any escort. Still, as she was to discover, it
+was impossible for her to move without being recognised:
+
+     According to letters from Bavaria, it is obvious that the
+     animosities excited against Lola Montez earlier in the year
+     are far from having subsided. On passing through Nuremberg,
+     she was received with coldness, but decency. At Bamberg,
+     however, it was very different. At the railway station she
+     was hissed and hooted, and, stones being thrown at her
+     carriage, she presented her pistols and threatened to punish
+     her assailants. The upper classes were thoroughly ashamed of
+     such excesses; and the chief magistrate has been instructed
+     to appoint a deputation of the leading citizens to apologise
+     to Mademoiselle.
+
+In a letter to his brother, dated July 7, 1847, a University student
+says: "Lola Montez was near being assassinated three days ago," but he
+gives no particulars. Hence, it was probably gossip picked up in a
+beer hall.
+
+
+III
+
+A grievance felt by Lola was that she was not accorded recognition
+among the aristocracy. But there was an obvious remedy. This was to
+grant her a coronet. After all, historic examples were to hand by the
+dozen. In modern times the mistress of Frederick William III had been
+made a duchess. Hence, Lola felt that she should be at least a
+countess.
+
+"What special services have you rendered Bavaria?" bluntly demanded
+the minister to whom she first advanced the suggestion.
+
+"If nothing else, I have given the King many happy days," was Lola's
+response.
+
+Curiosity was then exhibited as to whether she was sufficiently
+_hoch-geboren_, or not. The applicant herself had no doubts on the
+subject. Her father, Ensign Gilbert, she said, had the blood of
+Coeur-de-Lion in his veins, and her mother's ancestors were among
+the Council of the Inquisition.
+
+When the matter was referred to him, Ludwig was sympathetic and
+readily promised his help. But as she was a foreigner, she would, he
+pointed out, have to start by becoming naturalised as a Bavarian
+subject; and, under the constitution, the necessary indigenate
+certificate must bear the signature of a Cabinet Minister. For this
+purpose, and never thinking that the slightest difficulty would be
+advanced, he had one drawn up and sent to Count Otto von Steinberg.
+Much to his annoyance and surprise, however, that individual,
+"suddenly developing conscientious objections," excused himself.
+Thereupon, von Abel, as head of the Government, was instructed to
+secure another signature.
+
+"Do not worry. It will be settled to-morrow," announced Ludwig, when
+Lola enquired the reason of the hitch.
+
+He was, however, speaking without his book. The Ministry, Ultramontane
+to a man, could swallow a good deal, in order to retain their
+portfolios (and salaries), but this, they felt, was asking too much
+of them. In unctuous terms, and taking refuge in offended virtue, they
+declared they would resign, rather than countenance the grant of
+Bavarian nationality for "the foreign woman." Neither pressure nor
+threats would shake them. Ludwig could do what he pleased; and they
+would do what they pleased.
+
+The manifesto in which the Cabinet's decision was delivered is little
+short of an historic document:
+
+     MUNICH.
+
+     _February 11, 1847._
+
+     Sir: Public life has its moments when those entrusted by
+     their Sovereign with the proper conduct of public affairs
+     have to make their choice between renouncing the duties to
+     which they are pledged by loyalty and devotion, and, by
+     discharging those duties in conscientious fashion, incurring
+     the displeasure of their beloved Sovereign. We, the faithful
+     servants of Your Majesty, have now found ourselves in this
+     situation owing to the decision to grant Bavarian
+     nationality to Senora Lola Montez. As we cannot forget the
+     duties that our oath compels us to observe, we cannot flinch
+     in our resolve....
+
+     It is abundantly clear that reverence for the Throne is
+     becoming weakened in the minds of your subjects; and little
+     is now heard in all directions but blame and disapproval.
+     National sentiment is wounded, because the country considers
+     itself to be under the dominion of a foreign woman of evil
+     reputation. The obvious facts are such that it is impossible
+     to adopt any other view.... The public journals print the
+     most shocking anecdotes, together with the most degrading
+     attacks on your Royal Majesty. As a sample of this, we
+     append a copy of No. 5 of the _Ulner Chronic_. The vigilance
+     of the police is powerless to check the circulation of these
+     journals, and they are read everywhere.... Not only is the
+     Government being jeopardised, but also the very existence
+     of the Crown. Hence, the delight of such as wish ill to the
+     Throne, and the anguish of such as are loyal to Your
+     Majesty. The fidelity of the army, too, is threatened. Ere
+     long, the forces of the Crown will become a prey to profound
+     disaffection; and where could we look for help, should this
+     occur and this last bulwark totter?
+
+     The hearts of the undersigned loyal and obedient servants
+     are torn with grief. This statement they submit to you is
+     not one of visionaries. It is the melancholy result of
+     observations made by them during the exercise of their
+     functions for several months past. Each of the undersigned
+     is ready and willing to surrender everything to his
+     Sovereign. They have given you repeated proofs of their
+     fidelity; and it is now nothing less than their sacred duty
+     to direct the attention of your Majesty to the dangers
+     confronting him. Our humble prayer, to which we beg you to
+     listen, is not governed by any desire to run counter to your
+     Royal will. It is put forward solely with a view to ending a
+     condition of affairs which is inimical to the well-being and
+     happiness of a beloved monarch. Should, however, your
+     Majesty not think fit to grant their petition, we, your
+     Ministers, will then have no alternative but to tender the
+     resignation of the portfolios with which you have entrusted
+     them.
+
+The signatories to this precious "manifesto" were von Abel, von
+Gumpenberg (Minister of War), von Schrenk, and von Seinsheim
+(Councillors of State). Much to their hurt astonishment, their
+resignations were accepted. Nor was there any lack of candidates for
+the vacant portfolios. Ludwig, prompted by Lola, filled up the gaps at
+once. Georg von Maurer (who reciprocated by signing her certificate of
+naturalisation) was appointed Minister of Justice and Foreign Affairs,
+and Freiherr Friederich zu Rhein was the new Minister of Public
+Worship and Finance.
+
+The students, not prepared to let slip a chance of asserting
+themselves, paraded the streets with a fresh song:
+
+    _Da kam Senorra Lolala,
+    Sturzt Abel und Consorten;
+    Ach war sie doch jetz wieder da,
+    Und jagte fort den----_
+
+Despite the fact that he was indebted for his appointment to her,
+Maurer attempted to snub Lola and refused to speak to her the next
+time they met. For his pains, he found himself, in December, 1847,
+dismissed from office. There was, however, joy in the ranks of the
+clerical party, for, to their horror, he happened to be a Protestant.
+
+"I have now a new ministry, and there are no more Jesuits in Bavaria,"
+announced Ludwig with much complacence. As was his custom when a
+national crisis occurred, he was also delivered of a sonnet,
+commencing:
+
+    You who have wished to hold me in thrall, tremble!
+    Greatly do I esteem the important affair
+    Which has ever on divested you of your power!
+
+But the fallen ministers had the sympathy of Vienna. Count Senfft, the
+Austrian envoy at Munich, gave a banquet in their honour. Lola
+reported this to Ludwig, and Ludwig gave Senfft his _congé_.
+
+What had annoyed the Wittelsbach Lovelace more than anything else
+about the business was that the memorandum in which von Abel and his
+colleagues had expressed their candid opinion of Lola Montez found its
+way into the _Augsburger Zeitung_ and a number of Paris journals. This
+was regarded by him as a breach of confidence. Enquiries revealed the
+fact that von Abel's sister had been surreptitiously shown a copy of
+the document, and, not prepared to keep such a tit-bit of gossip to
+herself, had disclosed its contents to a reporter. After this, the
+fat, so to speak, was in the fire; and nothing that Ludwig could do
+could prevent the affair becoming public property. As a result, it
+formed the basis of innumerable articles in the press of Europe, and
+the worst possible construction was put on it.
+
+The erudite Dr. Döllinger, between whom and Lola Montez no love was
+lost, was much upset by the situation and wrote a long letter on the
+subject:
+
+     The existing ministry were fully awake to the encroachments
+     of the notorious Lola Montez; and in view of the destruction
+     which menaced both the throne and the country, they secretly
+     resolved to address a petition to Ludwig I, humbly praying
+     him to dismiss his favourite, and setting forth the grounds
+     on which they based their request.
+
+     Rumours of this business soon got afloat. People began to
+     whisper; and one fine day a sister of one of the ministers,
+     goaded by curiosity, discovered the petition. She imparted
+     the news in the strictest confidence to her most intimate
+     friends; and they, in their turn, secretly read the
+     memorial, with the result that, some time after the
+     important document had been safely restored to its
+     hiding-place, its contents appeared, nobody knew how, in the
+     newspapers.
+
+     The panic of the ministers was great; the King's displeasure
+     was still greater. He suspected treachery, and considered
+     the publication of such a petition treasonable.
+     Remonstrances were of no avail; the ministers were
+     dismissed, and their adherents fled in every direction. I,
+     who had been nominated a member of the Chamber by the
+     University, but against my will, had to resign office at the
+     bidding of the King. His Majesty was greatly incensed, and
+     meanwhile the excited populace were assembling in crowds
+     before the house of Lola Montez.
+
+Döllinger was a difficult man to cross. He had doubts--serious
+doubts--concerning a number of matters. Among them was one of the
+infallibility of the Pope. What was more, he was daring enough to
+express these doubts. The wrath of the Vatican could only be appeased
+by ex-communicating him from the Church. He, however, added to his
+contumacy by surviving until his ninety-second year.
+
+
+IV
+
+Appreciating on which side its bread was buttered, the new ministry
+had no qualms as to the eligibility of Lola Montez for the honour of a
+coronet in the Bavarian peerage. This having been granted her, the
+next step was to select a suitable territorial title.
+
+Ludwig ran an exploring finger down the columns of a gazetteer. There
+he saw two names, Landshut and Feldberg, that struck him as
+suggestive. Combined, they made up Landsfeld. Nothing could be better.
+
+"I have it," he said. "Countess of Landsfeld, I salute you!"
+
+Thereupon the Court archivist was instructed to prepare the necessary
+document:
+
+     "We, Ludwig, King of Bavaria, etc., hereby make public to
+     all concerned that We have resolved to raise Maria von
+     Porres and Montez, of noble Spanish descent, to the dignity
+     of Countess of Landsfeld of this Our kingdom. Whilst we
+     impart to her the dignity of a Countess, with all the
+     rights, honours and prerogatives connected therewith, it is
+     Our desire that she have and enjoy the following escutcheon
+     on a German four-quartered shield: In the first field, red,
+     an upright white sword with golden handle; in the second,
+     blue, a golden-crowned lion rampant; the third, blue, a
+     silver dolphin; and in the fourth, white, a pale red rose.
+     This shield shall be surmounted by the coronet of a
+     Countess.
+
+     "Be this notified to all the authorities and to Our subjects
+     in general, with a view to not only recognising the said
+     Maria as Countess of Landsfeld, but also to supporting her
+     in that dignity; and it is Our will that whoever shall act
+     contrary to these provisions shall be summoned by Our
+     Attorney-General and there and then be condemned to make
+     public and private atonement.
+
+     "For Our confirmation of the above we have affixed Our royal
+     name to this document and placed on it the seal of Our
+     kingdom.
+
+     "Given at Aschaffensberg, this 14th of August, in the 1847th
+     year after the birth of Christ, our Lord, and in the 22nd
+     year of Our Government."
+
+This did not miss the eagle eye of _Punch_, in whose columns appeared
+a caustic reference:
+
+     "The armorial bearings of the new COUNTESS OF LANDSFELD, the
+     ex-_coryphée_ of Her Majesty's Theatre, have been designed,
+     but we think they are hardly so appropriate as they might
+     have been. We have therefore made some slight modifications
+     of the original, which we hope will prove satisfactory."
+
+The suggested "modifications" were to substitute a parasol for the
+sword, a bulldog for the lion, and a pot of rouge for the rose. Were
+such an adjunct of the toilet table then in existence, a lipstick
+would probably have been added.
+
+
+V
+
+With her title and heraldic honours complete, plus a generous
+allowance on which to support them, and a palace in which to live,
+Lola Montez cut a very considerable dash in Munich. Two sentries
+marched up and down in front of her gate, and two mounted orderlies
+(instead of one, as had previously been the case) accompanied her
+whenever she left the house in the Barerstrasse.
+
+While by far the most important of them, Ludwig was not by any means
+the only competitor for Lola's favours. Men of wealth and
+position--the bearers of high-sounding titles--with politicians and
+place-hunters, fluttered round her. It is to her credit that she sent
+them about their business.
+
+[Illustration: _"Command" Portrait. In the "Gallery of Beauties,"
+Munich_]
+
+"The peculiar relations existing between the King of Bavaria and the
+Countess of Landsfeld," remarked an apologist, "are not of a coarse or
+vulgar character. His Majesty has a highly developed poetic mind, and
+thus sees his favourite through his imagination, and regards her with
+affectionate respect."
+
+This found a responsive echo in another quarter, and some sharp raps
+on the knuckles were administered to the Bavarian moralists by a Paris
+journal:
+
+     "Why do you interfere with the amours of your good Ludwig?
+     We don't say he should not have observed rather more
+     discretion or have avoided compromising his dignity. Still,
+     a monarch, like a simple citizen, is surely free to love
+     where he pleases. In selecting Lola Montez, the amorous
+     Ludwig proves that he loves equality and, as a true
+     democrat, can identify himself with the public. Let him
+     espouse his servant girl, if he wants to. Personally, we
+     would rather see the Bavarians excite themselves about their
+     constitution than about the banishment of a royal favourite.
+     The King of Bavaria turns his mistress into a Countess; his
+     subjects refuse to recognise her; and a section of the
+     students clamour for her head. Happy days of Montespan, of
+     Pompadour, of Dubarry, of Potemkin, of Orloff, where have
+     you gone?"
+
+In the summer of 1847 the Paris Courts were occupied with a long
+outstanding claim against Lola Montez. This was to the effect that,
+when she was appearing at the Porte St. Martin, she had run up a bill
+for certain intimate undergarments and had neglected to settle the
+account. The result was, she received a solicitor's letter in Munich.
+She answered it in the following terms:
+
+     MUNICH,
+
+     _September 25, 1847._
+
+     MONSIEUR BLOQUE,
+
+     As I have never given any orders to Messrs. Hamon and
+     Company, tailors, rue de Helder, they have no claim on me;
+     and I am positively compelled to repudiate the bill for
+     1371 francs which you have the effrontery to demand in the
+     name of this firm.
+
+     Last spring Monsieur Leigh made me a present of a
+     riding-habit and certain other articles which he ordered for
+     me, and I consider that it is to him you should now address
+     yourself.
+
+     Accept, Monsieur, etc.,
+
+     COUNTESS DE LANDSFELD.
+
+Not being prepared to accept this view, the Paris firm's next step was
+to bring an action for the recovery of the alleged debt. Once more,
+Lola repudiated liability, this time on the grounds that the creditors
+had kept back some dress material belonging to herself. The defence to
+this charge was that, "on being informed by their representative that
+real ladies could not wear such common stuff, she had said she did not
+want it back." The court, however, held that the debt had been
+incurred; and, "as she considered it beneath her dignity to appear,
+either in person or by counsel," judgment for 2,500 francs was given
+against her.
+
+Count Bernstorff, a not particularly brilliant diplomatist, had an
+idea (shared, by the way, with a good many others) that Frederick
+William IV, King of Prussia, was at one time under Lola's spell. He
+was allowed to think so by reason of a letter that the King had sent
+him from Sans Souci in the autumn of 1847:
+
+     "I am charging you, my dear Count, with a commission, the
+     performance of which demands a certain degree of that
+     measure of delicacy which I recognise you to possess. The
+     commission is somewhat beyond the accepted limits of what is
+     purely diplomatic in character.... It is a matter of handing
+     a certain trinket to a certain lady. The trinket is of
+     little value, but, from causes you will be able to
+     appreciate, the lady's favour is of very high value to
+     myself. All depends on the manner in which the gift is
+     presented. This should be sufficiently flattering to
+     increase the value of the offering and to cause its
+     unworthiness to be overlooked. My acquaintance with the
+     lady, and my respect for her, should be adroitly described
+     and made the most of, as must also be my desire to be
+     remembered at her hands.
+
+     "You will, of course, immediately perceive that I am
+     alluding to Donna Maria de Dolores de los Montez, Countess
+     of Landsfeld."
+
+It was not until he turned over the page that the horror-struck
+Bernstorff saw that the King was playing a characteristic jest on him;
+and he realised that the intended recipient of the gift was his wife,
+the Countess von Bernstorff, "as a souvenir of my gratitude for the
+many agreeable hours passed under your hospitable roof last month."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X
+
+BURSTING OF THE STORM
+
+
+I
+
+The beauty of Lola Montez was a lever. As such, it disturbed the
+equilibrium of the Cabinet; for the time being, it even checked the
+dominion of Rome. But the odds were against her. The Jesuits were
+still a power, and would not brook any interference.
+
+Metternich's wife, the Princess Mélanie, who had the family _flair_
+for politics, marked the course of events.
+
+"Lola Montes," she wrote, "has actually been created Countess of
+Landsfeld. She is really a member of the Radical Party.... Rechberg,
+who has just arrived from Brazil, was alarmed on his journey at Munich
+by the events of which this town is the theatre. The shocking conduct
+of Lola Montes will finish by plunging the country into revolution."
+
+This was looking ahead. Still, not very far ahead. The correspondent
+of a London paper in the Bavarian capital did not mince his words.
+"The indignation," he wrote, "against the King on account of his
+scandalous conduct, has been roused to the highest pitch.... King
+Ludwig, who possesses many good qualities, is, unfortunately, a very
+licentious old man.... Neither the tears of the Queen, nor the
+entreaties of his sons, nor the public's indignation, could influence
+the old monarch, who has become the slave of his silly passion and of
+the caprices of a Spanish dancer and Parisian lorette."
+
+Once more, Ludwig "dropped into verse," and relieved his feelings
+about his enemies. This time, however, the verse was blank:
+
+    You have driven me from my Paradise,
+    You have closed it for ever with iron grilles.
+    You have turned my days into bitterness.
+    You would even like to make me hate you
+    Because I have loved too much to please your withered spirits.
+
+    The perfume of my spring-time is dissipated,
+    But my courage still remains.
+    Youth, always bounding in my dreams, rests there,
+    Embracing my heart with fresh force!
+
+    You who would like to see me covered with shame,
+    Tremble!
+    You have committed sins against me and vomited injuries.
+    Your wicked acts have judged you.
+    There has never been anything to equal them!
+
+    Already the clouds disappear;
+    The storm passes;
+    The sky lights up;
+    I bless the dawn.
+    Ungrateful worms, creep back to your darkness!
+
+There were repercussions across the Atlantic, where the role played by
+Lola Montez in Bavarian circles was arousing considerable interest.
+American women saw in it a message of encouragement for the
+aspirations they themselves were cherishing. "The moral indignation
+which her political opponents exhibited," said a leading jurist, "was
+unfortunately a mere sham. They had not only tolerated, but had
+actually patronised, a female who formerly held the equivocal position
+which the Countess of Landsfeld recently held, because the former made
+herself subservient to the then dominant party."
+
+But, just as Lola had staunch friends in Munich, so had she pronounced
+enemies. Conspicuous among them was Johann Görres, a leading
+Ultramontane who held the position of professor of history at the
+University. He could not say anything strong enough against the King's
+mistress, and did all he could to upset her influence with him. As he
+had a "following," some measure of success attended his efforts. It
+was on his death, in January 1848, that matters came to a head. The
+rival factions dividing the various students' corps made his funeral
+the occasion of a free fight among themselves. The mob joined in, and
+clamoured for the dismissal of the "Andalusian Woman." A hothead
+suggested that she should be driven from the town. The cry was taken
+up, and a rush set in towards her house in the Barerstrasse. As there
+was an agreeable prospect of loot, half the scum of the city swelled
+the mob. Bricks were hurled through the windows; and, until the police
+arrived, things began to look ugly.
+
+Lola, as cool as a cucumber, appeared on the balcony, a glass of
+champagne in one hand, and a box of chocolates in the other.
+
+"I drink to your good healths," she said contemptuously, as she
+drained her glass and tossed bon-bons among the crowd.
+
+Not appreciating this gesture, or regarding it as an impertinence, the
+temper of the rabble grew threatening. They shouted vulgar insults;
+and there was talk of battering in the doors and setting the house on
+fire. This might have happened, had not Ludwig himself, who never
+lacked personal courage, plunged into the throng and, offering Lola
+his arm, escorted her to the Residenz.
+
+The disturbances continued, for tempers had reached fever pitch.
+Troops hastily summoned from the nearest barracks patrolled the
+streets. A furious crowd assembled in front of the Rathaus; the
+burgomaster, fearing for his position, talked of reading the Riot Act;
+a number of arrests were made; and it was not until the next afternoon
+that the coast was sufficiently clear for Lola to return to the
+Barerstrasse, triumphantly escorted by some members of the Alemannia.
+When, however, they left her there, they were set upon by detachments
+of the Palatia Corps, who still cherished a grudge against them.
+
+Lola's own account of these happenings, and written as if by a
+detached onlooker, is picturesque, if somewhat imaginative:
+
+     "They came with cannons and guns and swords, with the voices
+     of ten thousand devils, and surrounded her little castle.
+     Against the entreaties of her friends, she presented herself
+     before the infuriated mob which demanded her life.... A
+     thousand guns were pointed at her, and a hundred fat and
+     apoplectic voices fiercely demanded that she should cause
+     the repeal of what she had done. In language of great
+     mildness--for it was no time to scold--she answered that it
+     was impossible for her to accede to such a request; and that
+     what had been done by her had been done for the good of the
+     people and the honour of Bavaria."
+
+After this "demonstration," there was a calm. But not for long. On the
+evening of February 10, a rabble assembled in front of the Palace,
+raising cries of: "Down with Lola Montez!" "Down with the King's
+strumpet!" As the protestors consisted largely of students (whom
+Thiersch, the rector, being no disciplinarian, could not keep in
+check), Ludwig's response was drastic. He ordered the University to be
+shut, and all its members who did not live in Munich to leave the town
+within twenty-four hours. This was a tactical blunder, and was in
+great measure responsible for the more serious repercussions of the
+following month. Apart, too, from other considerations, the edict hit
+the pockets of the local tradesmen, since the absence of a couple of
+thousand hungry and thirsty customers had an adverse effect on the
+consumption of sauerkraut and beer.
+
+As she was still "news" in Paris, a gossiping columnist suggested her
+return there:
+
+     Lola Montez laments the Notre-Dame de Lorette district, the
+     joyous little supper-parties at the Café Anglais, and the
+     theatrical first nights viewed from stage boxes. "Ah," she
+     must reflect, as she looks upon her coronet trodden
+     underfoot and hears the sinister murmurs of the Munich mob,
+     "how delightful Paris would be this evening! What a grand
+     success I would be in the new ballet at the Opera or at a
+     ball at the Winter Garden!" Alas, my poor Lola, your whip is
+     broken; your prestige is gone; you have lost your talisman.
+     Do not battle against the jealous Bavarians. Come back to
+     Paris, instead. If the Porte St. Martin won't have you, you
+     can always rejoin the corps de ballet at the Opera.
+
+Lola, however, did not accept the invitation. She was virtually a
+prisoner in her own house, where, the next afternoon, a furious
+gathering assembled, threatening to wreak vengeance on her. Never
+lacking a high measure of courage, she appeared on the balcony and
+told them to do their worst. They did it and attempted to effect an
+entrance by breaking down the door. But for the action of the
+Alemannia, rallying to her help, she might have been severely handled.
+
+One of her bodyguard managed to make his way to the nearest barracks
+and summon assistance. Thereupon, the bugles rang out the alarm; the
+drums beat a warning call. In response, a squadron of Cuirassiers
+clattered up the Barerstrasse; sabres rattled; and the rioters fled
+precipitously.
+
+Prince Wallerstein, who combined the office of Minister of Public
+Worship with that of Treasurer of the Royal Household, leaping into
+the breach, harangued the mob; and Prince Vrede, a strong adherent to
+the "whiff of grapeshot" remedy for a disturbance, suggested firing on
+the ringleaders. Although the suggestion was not accepted, hundreds of
+arrests were made before some semblance of order was restored. But the
+rioting was only checked temporarily. A couple of days later it
+started afresh. The temper of the troops being upset, Captain Bauer (a
+young officer whom Lola had patronised) took it upon himself to give
+them the word to charge. Sabres flashed, and there were many broken
+heads and a good deal of bloodshed.
+
+The Alemannia, thinking discretion the better part of valour,
+barricaded themselves in the restaurant of one Herr Rothmanner, where
+they fortified themselves with vast quantities of beer. Becoming
+quarrelsome, their leader, Count Hirschberg, drew his sword and was
+threatened with arrest by a schutzmannschaft. Thereupon, his comrades
+sent word to Lola. She answered the call, and rushed to the house. It
+was a characteristic, but mad, gesture, for she was promptly
+recognised and pursued by a furious mob. Nobody would give her
+sanctuary; and the Swiss Guards on duty there shut the doors of the
+Austrian Legation in her face. Thereupon, she fled to the Theatiner
+Church, where she took refuge. But she did not stop there long; and,
+for her own safety, a military escort arrived to conduct her to the
+main guard-room. As soon as the coast was comparatively clear, she was
+smuggled out by a back entrance and making her way on foot to the
+Barerstrasse, hid in the garden.
+
+In the meantime fresh attempts were being made to storm her house.
+Suddenly, a figure, dishevelled and bare-headed, appeared on the
+threshold and confronted the rioters.
+
+"You are behaving like a pack of vulgar blackguards," he exclaimed,
+"and not like true Bavarians at all. I give you my word, the house is
+empty. Leave it in peace."
+
+A gallant gesture, and a last act of homage to the building that had
+sheltered the woman he loved. The mob, recognising the speaker,
+uncovered instinctively. _Heil, unserm König, Heil!_ they shouted. A
+chorus swelled; the troops presented arms.
+
+"It is an orgy of ingratitude," said Ludwig, as he watched the rabble
+dancing with glee before the house. "The Jesuits are responsible. If
+my Lola had been called Loyala, she could still have stopped here."
+
+To Dr. Stahl, Bishop of Wurzburg, who had criticised his conduct, he
+addressed himself more strongly. "Should a single hair of one I hold
+dear to me be injured," he informed that prelate, "I shall exhibit no
+mercy."
+
+Palmerston, who stood no nonsense from anybody, wrote a very snappy
+letter to Sir John Milbanke, British Minister at Munich:
+
+     "Pray tell Prince Wallerstein that, if he wishes the British
+     and Bavarian Governments to be on good terms, he will
+     abstain from any attempt to interfere with our diplomatic
+     arrangements, as such attempts on his part are as offensive
+     as they will be fruitless."
+
+
+II
+
+As Ludwig had said, the Barerstrasse nest was empty, for its occupant
+had managed to slip out of it and reach Lindeau. From there, on
+February 23, she wrote a long letter to a friend in England, giving a
+somewhat highly coloured (and not altogether accurate) version of
+these happenings:
+
+     In the morning, the nobles, with Count A.--V--[Arco Valley]
+     and a number of officers, were mixed up with the commonest
+     people. The Countess P [Preysing] I saw myself, with other
+     women--I cannot call them _ladies_--actually at their head.
+     Hearing that the entire city--with nobles, officers, and
+     countesses--were making for my residence, I looked upon
+     myself as already out of the land of the living. I had all
+     my windows shuttered, and hid all my jewels; and then,
+     having a clear conscience and a firm trust in God, calmly
+     awaited my fate. The ruffians, egged on by a countess and a
+     baroness, had stones, sticks, axes, and firearms, all to
+     frighten and kill one poor inoffensive woman! They
+     positively clamoured for my blood.
+
+     I must tell you that all my faithful and devoted servants,
+     with some others of my real friends, were in the house with
+     me. I begged them to leave by the garden, but they said,
+     poor fellows, they would die for me.
+
+     ... Seeing the eminent danger of my friends, and not
+     thinking of myself, I ordered my carriage while the
+     blackguards were endeavouring to break down the gates. My
+     good George, the coachman, helped me to rush through the
+     door and we set off at a furious gallop. Many pistol shots
+     were fired at me, but I was in God's care and avoided the
+     bullets.
+
+     My escape was most miraculous. At a distance of two hours
+     from Munich I left my carriage and in Bluthenberg sought the
+     protection of a brave honest man, by whom I was given
+     shelter. Presently, some officers galloped up and demanded
+     me. My benefactor declared I was not there, and his
+     daughters said my carriage had passed. When they were gone,
+     his good wife helped me to dress as a peasant girl, and I
+     rushed out of the house, across fields, ditches, and
+     forests. Being so well disguised, I resolved to return to
+     Munich. It was a dreadful spectacle. The Palace blockaded;
+     buildings plundered; and anarchy in all directions. Seeing
+     nothing but death if I stopped there, I left for Lindeau,
+     from whence I am writing to you.
+
+     ... Count Arco Valley has been distributing money like dirt
+     to all classes, and the priests have stirred up the mob.
+     Nobody is safe in Munich. The good, noble King has told
+     everyone he will never leave me. Of that he is quite
+     determined. The game is not up. I shall, till death, stick
+     to the King; but God knows what will happen next.
+
+     I forgot to tell you that my enemies have announced in the
+     German papers that the students are my _lovers_! They could
+     not credit them with the loyal devotion they have ever had
+     for the King and myself.
+
+     MARIE DE LANDSFELD.
+
+Writing in his diary on March 14, 1848, Frederick Cavendish, a budding
+diplomatist, whom Palmerston had appointed as attaché at Vienna,
+remarks:
+
+     "There has been the devil of a disturbance in Munich; and
+     the King's mistress, Lola Montez, has been forced to fly for
+     her life. She has been the curse of Bavaria, yet the King is
+     still infatuated with her."
+
+Scarcely diplomatic language. Still, not far from the truth.
+
+A rigorous press censorship was exercised. The Munich papers had to
+print what they were told, and nothing else. As a result, an inspired
+article appeared in the _Allegemeine Zeitung_, of Augsburg, declaring
+that the Ultramontanes were responsible for the _émeute_. "Herr von
+Abel," in the opinion of a colleague, Heinrich von Treitsche, "took
+advantage of the opportunity to espouse a sudden championship of
+morals, and made _les convenances_ an excuse for resigning what had
+long been to him a dangerous office."
+
+Döllinger himself always declared that he became an Ultramontane
+against his will, and that he only joined the Ministry at the earnest
+request of von Abel. This was probably true enough, for he was much
+happier among his books than among the politicians. With his nose
+decidedly out of joint, he relieved his feelings in a lengthy epistle
+to his friend, Madame Rio. Years afterwards this letter came into the
+hands of Dom Gougaud, O.S.B., who published it in the _Irish
+Ecclesiastical Record_. Among the more important passages were the
+following:
+
+     Since you left M[unich] the impudence of L[ola] M[ontez] and
+     the infatuation of her admirers have been constantly
+     increasing. Our Members of Parliament, which have been
+     convocated to an extraordinary session on account of a
+     railway loan, did not dare, or did not deem it expedient, to
+     interfere. The only thing that was done, but without
+     producing any effect in high quarters, was that the Chamber
+     of Deputies unanimously voted a protestation against the
+     deposition of the professors. Then came the change of
+     Ministers. Prince Wallerstein, who is a sort of Bavarian
+     Thiers, selfish and unprincipled, only bent upon maintaining
+     himself in the possession of the _portefeuille_, which is
+     the glorious end that in his estimation sanctifies the
+     means--this man of unscrupulous memory came in again,
+     together with an obscure individual, a mere creature of
+     L[ola] M[ontez], M. Berks.
+
+[Illustration: _King of Bavaria. "Ludwig the Lover"_]
+
+     ... Meanwhile the crisis was brought about by the students
+     of the University. L[ola] M[ontez] had succeeded in seducing
+     a few of these, who, finding themselves immediately shunned
+     and rejected by their fellow-students, formed a separate
+     society or club, calling itself _Alemannia_, which from its
+     beginning was publicly understood to be distinguished by
+     the King's special favour and protection. In the course of
+     two or three months they rose to the number of nineteen or
+     twenty, easily recognised by the red caps and ribbons they
+     wore. For L[ola] M[ontez] they formed a sort of male harem,
+     and the particulars which have since transpired, and which,
+     of course, I must not pollute your ears with, leave no doubt
+     that she is a second Messalina.
+
+     The indignation of the students, who felt all this as a
+     degradation of the University and an affront cast upon their
+     character, was general. The _Alemanni_ were treated as
+     outcasts, whose very presence was pollution.
+
+     ... L[ola] M[ontez] had already been heard threatening that
+     if the students continued to show themselves hostile to her
+     favourites she would have the University closed. At last, on
+     the 10th February, a royal mandate came forth, declaring the
+     University to be suspended for the entire year.
+
+     Next morning it was evident that a decisive crisis was
+     coming on; the students paraded in procession through the
+     streets, when, suddenly, the _gendarmerie_, commanded by one
+     of L. M.'s favourites, made an attack upon them and wounded
+     two of them. This, of course, served only to kindle the
+     flames of general indignation. The citizens threatened to
+     appear in arms, and the people made preparations for
+     storming the house of L[ola] M[ontez].
+
+     Towards 8 o'clock in the morning of the 11th, the appalling
+     intelligence was communicated to the K[ing] that L. M.'s
+     life was in imminent danger. Meanwhile several members of
+     the royal family had tried to make an impression on the K.'s
+     mind. When his own tools, who, up to that moment, had been
+     pushing him on, told him that L.'s life was in jeopardy, and
+     that the regiments refused to fight, he began to yield. But
+     even then his behaviour left no doubt that the personal
+     safety of L[ola] M[ontez] was his paramount motive. He
+     himself ran to her house, which the mob had begun to pluck
+     down; regardless of all royal dignity, he exposed his person
+     to all the humiliation which the intercourse with an
+     infuriated mob might subject him to.... Certainly, that day
+     was the most disgraceful royalty has yet had in Bavaria.
+
+     ... You will find it natural that the first announcement of
+     L.M.'s forced departure begot universal exultation. In the
+     streets one met only smiling countenances; new hopes were
+     kindled. People wished, and therefore believed, that the
+     K[ing] having at last become aware of the true state of the
+     nation's mind, had made a noble sacrifice. A few days were
+     sufficient to undeceive them. The K.'s mind was in a sort of
+     fearful excitement, alternating between fits of depression
+     and thoughts of vengeance.... It is impossible to foresee
+     what things will lead to, and where the persecution is to
+     stop. The opinion gains credit that his intention is to
+     bring L[ola] M[ontez] back. Evidently he is acting, not only
+     from a thirst for vengeance, but also under the fatal
+     influence of an irresistible and sinister passion for that
+     woman.
+
+A few days later, Ludwig, to test public opinion, went to the Opera.
+
+"I have lost my taste for spectacles," he said to his companion, "but
+I wish to see if I am still King in the hearts of the people I have
+served."
+
+He was not long in doubt, for the moment he entered his box the
+audience stood up and cheered him vigorously. This was enough; and,
+without waiting for the curtain to rise, he returned to the Palace.
+
+"After all, my subjects still trust me," he said. "I was sure of
+them."
+
+
+III
+
+There was another display of loyalty elsewhere. The Munich garrison,
+under Ludwig's second son, Prince Luitpold, took a fresh oath _en
+masse_, swearing fidelity to the new constitution. It was, however, a
+little late in the day. Things had gone too far; and Lola, who had
+merely gone a few leagues from the capital, had not gone far enough.
+That was the trouble. She was still able to pull strings, and to make
+her influence felt in various directions. Nor would she show the white
+feather or succumb to the threats of rowdies.
+
+It was from Lindeau that, disguised as a boy (then a somewhat more
+difficult job than now), Lola, greatly daring, ventured back to the
+arms of Ludwig. But she only stopped with him a couple of hours, for
+she had been followed, and was still being hunted by the rabble of the
+town. Before, however, resuming her journey, she endeavoured to get
+into touch with her faithful _Alemannia_. "I beg you," she wrote to
+the proprietor of the café they frequented, "to tell me where Herr
+Peissner has gone." The landlord, fearing reprisals, withheld the
+knowledge. If he had given it, he would probably have had his premises
+wrecked. Safety first!
+
+In this juncture, Ludwig, acting like a mental deficient, announced
+that there was only one adequate explanation for Lola's conduct. This
+was that she was "possessed of an evil spirit" which had to be
+exorcised before things should get worse. Lending a ready ear to every
+quack in Bavaria, he sent her under escort to Weinsberg, to the clinic
+of a Dr. Justinus Kerner, who had established himself there as a
+mesmerist.
+
+"You are to drive the devil out of her," were the instructions given
+him.
+
+Fearing that his spells and incantations might, after all, not prove
+effective, and thus convict him for a charlatan, the man of science
+felt uneasy. Still, an order was an order, especially when it came
+from a King, and he promised to do his best. On the day that his
+patient arrived, he wrote to his married daughter, Emma Niendorf. A
+free translation of this letter, which is given in full by Dr. von Tim
+Klein (in his _Der Vorkamfdeutscher Einheit und Freiheit_), would
+read:
+
+     Yesterday there arrived here Lola Montez; and, until further
+     instructions come from Munich, I am detaining her in my
+     tower, where guard is being kept by three of the
+     _Alemannia_. That the King should have selected me of all
+     people to send her to is most annoying. But he was assured
+     that she was possessed of a devil, and that the devil in her
+     could be driven out by me at Weinsberg. Still, the case is
+     one of interest.
+
+     As a preliminary to my magneto-magic treatment, I am
+     beginning by subjecting her to a fasting-cure. This means
+     that every day all she is to have is a quarter of a wafer
+     and thirteen drops of raspberry juice.
+
+"_Sage es aber niemanden! Verbrenne diesen Brief!_" ("But don't tell
+anybody about it; burn this letter") was the exorcist's final
+injunction.
+
+To live up to his reputation for wonder-working, the mystic had an
+Æolian harp in each of the windows of his house, so arranged that
+Ariel-like voices would float through the summer breezes.
+
+"It is magic," said the peasants, crossing themselves devoutly when
+they heard the sound.
+
+But the harp-obligato proved no more effective than the reduced
+dieting and early attempt to popularise slimming. After a couple of
+days, accordingly, the regime was varied by the substitution of asses'
+milk for the raspberry juice. Much to his annoyance, however, the
+specialist had to report to another correspondent, Sophie Schwab, that
+his patient was not deriving any real benefit, and that the
+troublesome "devil" had not been dislodged.
+
+As was to be expected, Lola, having a healthy appetite and objecting
+to short rations, gave the mesmerist the slip and hurried back to her
+Ludwig. After a few words with him, she left for Stahrenberg.
+
+Ludwig sat down and wrote another "poem." Appropriately enough, this
+was entitled "Lamentation."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI
+
+A FALLEN STAR
+
+
+I
+
+Even with Lola Montez out of the way and the University doors
+re-opened, it was not a case of all quiet on the Munich front. Far
+from it. Berks, the new Minister of the Interior, who had always
+supported her, still remained in office; and Lola herself continued
+from a distance to pull strings. Some of them were effective.
+
+But Lola Montez, or no Lola Montez, there was in the eyes of his
+exasperated subjects more than enough to make them thoroughly
+dissatisfied with the Wittelsbach regime, as carried out by Ludwig.
+The Cabinet had become very nearly inarticulate; public funds had been
+squandered on all sorts of grandiose and unnecessary schemes; and the
+clerical element had long been allowed to ride roughshod over the
+constitution. Altogether, the "Ministry of Dawn," brought into
+existence with such a flourish of trumpets after the dismissal of von
+Abel and his colleagues, had not proved the anticipated success.
+Instead of getting better, things had got worse; and, although it had
+not actually been suggested, the idea of substituting the monarchy by
+a republic was being discussed in many quarters.
+
+The editor of the _Annual Register_, abandoning his customary attitude
+of an impartial historian, dealt out a sharp rap on the knuckles to
+the Royal Troubadour:
+
+"The discreditable conduct of the doting old King of Bavaria, in his
+open _liaison_ with a wandering actress who had assumed the name of
+Lola Montez (but who was in reality the eloped wife of an Englishman,
+and whom he had created a Bavarian Countess by the title of Gräfin de
+Landsfeld), had thoroughly alienated the hearts of his subjects."
+
+As the result of a solemn conclave at the Rathaus, an ultimatum was
+delivered by the Cabinet; and Ludwig was informed, without any beating
+about the bush, that unless he wanted to plunge the country into
+revolution, Lola Montez must leave the kingdom. Ludwig yielded; and
+forgetful of, or else deliberately ignoring, the fact that he had once
+written a passionate threnody, in which he declared:
+
+    "And though thou be forsaken by all the world,
+    Yet, never wilt thou be abandoned by me!"
+
+he could find it in his heart to issue a decree expelling her from his
+realms.
+
+To this end, on March 17, he signed two separate Orders in Council.
+
+      1
+
+     "We, Ludwig, by the Grace of God, King of Bavaria, etc.,
+     think it necessary to give notice that the Countess of
+     Landsfeld has ceased to possess the rights of
+     naturalisation."
+
+      2
+
+     "Since the Countess of Landsfeld does not give up her design
+     of disturbing the peace of the capital and country, all the
+     judicial authorities of the kingdom are hereby ordered to
+     arrest the said Countess wherever she may be discovered.
+     They are to carry her to the nearest fortress, where she is
+     to be kept in custody."
+
+Events moved rapidly. A few days later Lola was arrested by Prince
+Wallerstein (whom she herself had put into power when his stock had
+fallen) and deported, as an "undesirable alien," to Switzerland.
+
+Woman-like, she had the last word.
+
+"I am leaving Bavaria," she said, "but, before very long, your King
+will also leave."
+
+Everybody had something to say about the business. Most people had a
+lot to say. The wires hummed; and the foreign correspondents in Munich
+filled columns with long accounts of the recent disturbances in Munich
+and their origin. No two accounts were similar.
+
+"The people insisted," says Edward Cayley, in his _European
+Revolutions of_ 1848, "on the dismissal of the King's mistress. She
+was sent away, but, trusting to the King's dotage, she came back,
+police or no police.... This was a climax to which the people were
+unprepared to submit, not that they were any more virtuous than their
+Sovereign." Another publicist, Edward Maurice, puts it a little
+differently: "In Bavaria the power exercised by Lola Montez over
+Ludwig had long been distasteful to the sterner reformers." This was
+true enough; but the Müncheners disliked the Jesuits still more,
+asserting that it was with them that Lola shared the conscience of the
+King. The Liberals were ready for action, and welcomed the opportunity
+of asserting themselves.
+
+As soon as Lola was really out of the country, her Barerstrasse
+mansion was searched from attic to cellar by the Munich police. Since,
+in order to justify the search, they had to discover something
+compromising, they announced that they had discovered "proofs" that
+Lord Palmerston and Mazzini were in active correspondence with the
+King's ex-mistress; and that the go-between for the British Foreign
+Office was a Jew called Loeb. This individual was an artist who had
+been employed to decorate the house. Seized with pangs of remorse, he
+is said to have gone to Ludwig and confessed having intercepted Lola's
+correspondence with Mazzini and engineered the rioting. He further
+declared that large sums of money had been sent her from abroad.
+Historians, however, have no knowledge of this; nor was the nature of
+the "proofs" ever revealed.
+
+Lola's villa in the Barerstrasse afterwards became the new home of the
+British Legation. It was demolished in 1914; and not even a wall
+plaque now marks her one-time occupancy. As for the Residenz Palace
+where she dallied with Ludwig, this building is now a museum, and as
+such echoes to the tramp of tourists and the snapping of cameras. _Sic
+transit_, etc.
+
+
+II
+
+When Lola, hunted from pillar to post, eventually left Munich for
+Switzerland, it was in the company of Auguste Papon, who, on the
+grounds of "moral turpitude," had already been given his
+marching-orders. He described himself as a "courier." His passport,
+however, bore the less exalted description of "cook." It was probably
+the more correct one. The faithful Fritz Peissner, anxious to be of
+service to the woman he loved, and for whom he had already risked his
+life, joined her at Constance, together with two other members of the
+_Alemannia_, Count Hirschberg and Lieutenant Nussbaum. But they only
+stopped a few days.
+
+Anxious to get into touch with them, Lola wrote to the landlord at
+their last address:
+
+     _2 March, 1848._
+
+     SIR,
+
+     In case the students of the Alemannia Society have left your
+     hotel, I beg you to inform my servant, the bearer of this
+     letter, where Monsieur Peissner, for whom he has a parcel to
+     deliver, has gone.
+
+     Receive in advance my distinguished sentiments.
+
+     COUNTESS OF LANDSFELD.
+
+Lola's first halt in Switzerland (a country she described as "that
+little Republic which, like a majestic eagle, lies in the midst of the
+vultures and cormorants of Europe") was at Geneva. An error of
+judgment, for the austere citizens of Calvin's town, setting a
+somewhat lofty standard among visitors, were impervious to her
+blandishments. "They were," she complained, "as chilly as their own
+icicles." At Berne, however, to which she went next, she had better
+luck. This was because she met there an impressionable young Chargé
+d'affaires attached to the British Legation, whom she found "somewhat
+younger than Ludwig, but more than twice as silly." An _entente_ was
+soon established. "Sometimes riding, and sometimes driving she would
+appear in public, accompanied by her youthful adorer."
+
+The official was Robert Peel, a son of the distinguished statesman,
+and was afterwards to become third baronet. In a curious little work,
+typical of the period, _The Black Book of the British Aristocracy_,
+there is an acid allusion to the matter: "This bright youth has just
+taken under his protection the notorious Lola Montez, and was lately
+to be observed walking with her, in true diplomatic style, in the
+streets of a Swiss town."
+
+It was about this period that it occurred to a theatrical manager in
+London, looking for a novelty, that there was material for a stirring
+drama written round the career of Lola Montez. No sooner said than
+done; and a hack dramatist, who was kept on the premises, was
+commissioned to set to work. Locked up in his garret with a bottle of
+brandy, at the end of a week he delivered the script. This being
+approved by the management, it was put into rehearsal, and the
+hoardings plastered with bills:
+
++---------------------------------------------------------------+
+|                  THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET                     |
+|                                                               |
+|    (Under the Patronage of Her Gracious Majesty The Queen,    |
+|  His Royal Highness Prince Albert, and the Élite of Rank and  |
+|  Fashion.) On Wednesday, April 26, 1848, will be produced a   |
+|  New and Original and Apropos Sketch entitled:                |
+|                                                               |
+|          "LOLA MONTEZ, or THE COUNTESS FOR AN HOUR."          |
++---------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+"An hour." This was about as long as it lasted, for the reception by
+the critics was distinctly chilly. "We cannot," announced one of them,
+"applaud the motives that governed the production of a farce
+introducing a mock sovereign and his mistress. In our opinion the
+piece is extremely objectionable."
+
+The Lord Chamberlain apparently shared this view, for he had the play
+withdrawn after the second performance.
+
+"_Es gibt kein Zurück_" ("There is to be no coming back") had been
+Ludwig's last words to her. But Lola did not take the injunction
+seriously. According to a letter in the _Deutsche Zeitung_, she was
+back in Munich within a week, travelling under the "protection" of
+Baron Möller, a Russian diplomatist. Entering the Palace
+surreptitiously, she extracted a cheque for 50,000 florins from
+Ludwig. As it was drawn on Rothschild's bank at Frankfort, she hurried
+off there, and returned to Switzerland the same evening, "with a
+bagful of notes."
+
+To convince his readers that he was well behind the scenes, Papon
+gives a letter which he asserts was written by Ludwig to a
+correspondent some months later:
+
+     I wish to know from you if my dear Countess would like her
+     annuity assured by having it paid into a private bank, or if
+     she would rather I deposited a million francs with the Bank
+     of England.... I am already being blamed for giving her too
+     much. As the revolutionaries seize upon any pretext to
+     assert themselves, it is important to avoid directing
+     attention to her just now. Still, I want my dearly loved
+     Countess to be satisfied. I repeat that the whole world
+     cannot part me from her.
+
+While he was with her in Switzerland, Papon strung together a
+pamphlet: _Lola Montez, Mémoires accompagnés de lettres intimes de
+S.M. le Roi de Bavière et de Lola Montez, ornés des portraits, sur
+originaux donnés par eux à l'auteur_, purporting to be written by
+their subject. "I owe my readers," he makes her say smugly, "the exact
+truth. They must judge between my enemies and myself." But, in his
+character of a Peeping Tom, very little truth was expended by Papon.
+Thus, he declares that, during her sojourn in the land of the
+mountains and William Tell, she had a series of _affaires_ with a
+"baron," a "muscular artisan," and an "intrepid sailor." He also has a
+story to the effect that "two pure-blooded English ladies, the bearers
+of illustrious names," called on her uninvited; and that this
+circumstance annoyed her so much that she made her pet monkey attack
+them.
+
+But Auguste Papon cannot be considered a very reliable authority. A
+decidedly odd fish, he claimed to be an ex-officer and also dubbed
+himself a marquis. For all his pretensions, however, he was merely a
+_chevalier d'industrie_, living on his wits; and, masquerading as a
+priest, he was afterwards convicted of swindling and sent to prison.
+
+
+III
+
+A doughty, but anonymous, champion jumped into the breach and issued a
+counterblast to Papon's effort in the shape of a second pamphlet,
+headed "A Reply." But this was not any more remarkable for its
+accuracy than the original. Thus, it declares, "She [Lola] lived with
+the King of Bavaria, a man of eighty-seven. The nature of that
+intimacy can best be surmised by reading the second and third verses
+of the First Book of Kings, Chapter i. It is evident to any reflecting
+mind that it was a sort of King David arrangement." As for the rest of
+the pamphlet, it was chiefly taken up with an elaborate argument that,
+all said and done, its subject was no worse than other ladies, and
+much better than many of them.
+
+Among extracts from this well intentioned effort, the following are
+the more important:
+
+     A certain Marquis Auguste Papon, a quondam panderer to the
+     natural desires and affections which are common to the whole
+     human race, published and circulated throughout Europe a
+     volume which stamps his own infamy (as we shall have
+     occasion to show in the course of this reply) in far more
+     ineffaceable characters than that of those whom, in his
+     vindictiveness, he gloatingly sought to destroy.
+
+     But, before we proceed to dissect his book, it may be
+     permitted us to ask the impartial reader what there is so
+     very remarkable in the conduct of the King of Bavaria and
+     Lola Montez as to distinguish them unfavourably from the
+     monarchs and women celebrated for their talent, originality,
+     and beauty who have gone before. Where are Henry IV of
+     France, Henry V, Louis XIV, and Louis XV, with their
+     respective mistresses? Who of their people ever presumed to
+     interfere on the score of morality with the favours and
+     honours conferred on those distinguished women? Nay, to come
+     down to a later period, has the Marquis Auguste Papon ever
+     heard of the loves of Louis XVIII and Madame de Cuyla, and
+     that after the monarch's restoration in 1814? Is he ignorant
+     of those of Napoleon himself and Mademoiselle Georges? Have
+     not almost all the royal family of England--even those of
+     the House of Hanover--been notorious for their connection
+     with celebrated women? Has he never heard of Mrs.
+     Walkinshaw, ostensible mistress of Charles Edward the
+     Pretender, of Lucy Barlow, mistress of Charles II, mother of
+     the Duke of Monmouth? Of Arabella Churchill and Katherine
+     Sedley, mistresses of James II? Of the Countess of Kendal,
+     mistress of George II, who was received everywhere in
+     English society? Or of George IV and the Marchioness of
+     C----? Of the Duke of York and Mary Anne Clark? Of the Duke
+     of Clarence and the amiable and respected Mrs. J----? And
+     last, not least, of the present King of Hanover and late
+     Duke of Cumberland, who labours even unto this hour under
+     suspicion of having murdered his valet Sellis, to conceal
+     his adultery with his wife? In what differs the King of
+     Bavaria from these?
+
+[Illustration: _Lola Montez in caricature. "Lola on the Allemannen
+Hound"_]
+
+     But even to descend lower into the social scale of those who
+     have occupied the attention of the world without incurring
+     its marked and impertinent censure, has the Marquis Auguste
+     Papon ever heard of the beautiful Miss Foote, who, first the
+     favourite of the celebrated Colonel Berkeley (a natural
+     brother of the Duke of Devonshire) and secondly of a
+     personal friend of the writer of this reply--the
+     celebrated Pea Green Hayne--became finally the charming and
+     amiable Countess of Harrington, one of the sweetest women
+     that ever were placed at the head of the Stanhope family or
+     graced a peerage?
+
+     Who, that ever once enjoyed the pleasure of knowing this
+     fairest flower in the parterre of England's aristocracy of
+     beauty, would, in a spirit of revenge and disappointed
+     avarice, have had the grossness to insult _her_ as the
+     Marquis of Papon--the depository of all her secrets--has
+     insulted the Countess of Landsfeld with the loathsome name
+     of "courtesan," because, yielding to the confidence of her
+     woman's heart, she had been the adored of two previous
+     lovers? Never did Lord Petersham, afterwards the Earl of
+     Harrington, take a more sensible course than when he
+     elevated in a holy and irreproachable love--a love that
+     strangled scandal in its bloated fullness--the fascinating
+     Maria Foote to the position she was made to adorn, being
+     twin sister in beauty as well as in law to the charming Miss
+     Green, whose ripe red lips and long dark-lashed blue and
+     laughing eyes were, before her marriage with Colonel
+     Stanhope, the admiration and subject of homage of all
+     London. Should her eye ever rest on this page, she will
+     perceive that we have not forgotten its power and
+     expression.
+
+     To descend still lower in the scale of social life, has the
+     Marquis Auguste Papon ever heard of the celebrated Madame
+     Vestris, now Mrs. Mathews? Is he ignorant that her
+     theatre--the Olympic--was ever a resort of the most
+     fashionable and aristocratic people of London? Did her moral
+     life in any way detract from her popularity as a woman of
+     talent and of beauty, and an artiste of exceeding
+     fascination and merit? And yet she had more lovers than the
+     Marquis Auguste Papon can, with all his ingenuity, raise up
+     in evidence against the remarkable woman he, in his not very
+     creditable spirit of vengeance, has sworn to destroy.
+
+     Let us enumerate those we know to have been the lovers of
+     Madame Vestris, who, after having passed her youth in all
+     the variety of enjoyment, at length became the wife of a
+     man, not without talent himself, and whose father stood
+     first among the names celebrated in the comic art.
+
+     First was a personal friend of the writer of this reply to
+     the unmanly attack of the Marquis Auguste Papon. And we have
+     reason to remember it, for the connection of Henry Cole with
+     the most fascinating woman of her day led to a duel in Hyde
+     Park, of which that lady was the immediate cause, between
+     the writer and a British officer who was so ungallant as to
+     seek to check the enthusiasm created by her scarcely
+     paralleled acting. To him succeeded Sir John Anstruther, and
+     after Sir John the celebrated Horace Claggett. In what order
+     their successors came we do not recollect, but of those who
+     knew Madame Vestris in all the intimacy of the most tender
+     friendship were Handsome Jack, Captain Best, Lord Edward
+     Thynne, and Lord Castlereagh. These things were no secrets
+     to the thousands who, fascinated by her beauty and the
+     perfection of her acting, nevertheless thronged the theatre
+     she was admitted to have conducted with the most amiable
+     propriety and skill. On the contrary, they were as much
+     matters of general knowledge among people of the first rank
+     and fashion as the sun at noon-day. And yet what gentleman
+     ever presumed to affix to the name of this gifted woman,
+     whose very disregard of the opinion of those who
+     hypocritically and _sub rosa_ pursued in nearly ninety-nine
+     cases out of a hundred the same course--what gentleman, we
+     ask, ever dared to commit himself so far as to term her a
+     "courtesan"?
+
+There was a good deal more of it, for the "Reply" ran to seventy-six
+pages.
+
+The title-page of this counterblast ran:
+
+LOLA MONTEZ
+
+or
+
+A REPLY TO THE
+"PRIVATE HISTORY AND MEMOIRS"
+
+of
+
+THAT CELEBRATED LADY
+
+RECENTLY PUBLISHED
+
+By
+
+THE MARQUIS PAPON
+
+FORMERLY SECRETARY TO
+THE KING OF BAVARIA
+AND FOR A PERIOD
+THE PROFESSED FRIEND AND ATTENDANT
+of
+THE COUNTESS OF LANDSFELD
+
+_Stet Nomnis Umbra_--Junius
+
+NEW YORK
+
+1851
+
+
+IV
+
+Bavaria was the key position in the sphere of European politics just
+then. Ludwig, however, had dallied with the situation too long.
+Nothing that he could do now would save him. Unrest was in the air.
+All over Europe the tide of democracy was rising, and fast threatening
+to engulf the entrenched positions of the autocrats. Metternich,
+reading the portents, was planning to leave a mob-ridden Vienna for
+the more tranquil atmosphere of Brighton; Louis Philippe, setting him
+an example, had already fled from Paris; and Prince William of
+Prussia, shaving off his moustache (and travelling on a false
+passport), was hurrying to England while the going was still good.
+With these examples to guide them, the Bavarians, tired of soft
+promises and smooth words, were clamouring for a fresh hand at the
+helm. Realising that the choice lay between this and a republic,
+Ludwig bowed to the inevitable; and, with crocodile tears and
+hypocritical protestations of good faith, surrendered his sceptre. To
+give the decision full effect, he issued a Proclamation:
+
+     "Bavarians! A new condition has arisen. This differs
+     substantially from the one under which I have governed you
+     for twenty-three years. Accordingly, I lay down my sceptre
+     in favour of my beloved son, Prince Maximilian. I have
+     always governed you with full regard for your welfare. Had I
+     been a mere clerk, I could not have worked more strenuously;
+     had I been a Minister of Finance, I could not have devoted
+     more attention to the requirements of my country. I thank
+     God that I can look the whole world fearlessly in the face
+     and there confront the most scrutinising eye. Although I now
+     relinquish my crown, I can assure you that my heart still
+     beats as warmly as ever for Bavaria.
+
+     "MUNICH,
+
+     _March 21, 1848_."
+
+Ludwig's signature to this mixture of rigmarole and bombast was
+followed by those of his sons, the Princes Maximilian Luitpold,
+Adalbert, and Carl. As for Maximilian, the new sovereign, he, rather
+than risk being thrown out of the saddle, was prepared to make a clean
+sweep of a number of existing grievances. As an earnest of his
+intentions, he promised, in the course of a frothy oration, to grant
+an amnesty to political prisoners, liberty of the press, the abolition
+of certain taxes, the institution of trial by jury, and a long delayed
+reform of the franchise.
+
+With the idea, no doubt, of filling the vacancy in his affections
+caused by the abrupt departure of Lola Montez, Fräulein Schroder, a
+young actress at the Hof Theatre, endeavoured to comfort Ludwig in his
+retirement. He, however, was beyond forming any fresh contacts.
+
+"My happiness is gone from me," he murmured sadly. "I cannot stop in a
+capital to which I have long given a father's loving care."
+
+Firm in this resolve, he left Munich for the Riviera and took a villa
+among the olives and oranges of Nice. There he turned over a fresh
+leaf. But he did not stop writing poetry. Nor did he stop writing to
+the woman who was still in his thoughts. One ardent epistle that
+followed her into exile ran in this fashion:
+
+     Oh, my Lolita! A ray of sunshine at the break of day! A
+     stream of light in an obscured sky! Hope ever causes chords
+     long forgotten to resound, and existence becomes once again
+     pleasant as of yore. Such were the feelings which animated
+     me during that night of happiness when, thanks to you alone,
+     everything was sheer joy. Thy spirit lifted up mine out of
+     sadness; never did an intoxication equal the one I then
+     felt!
+
+     Thou hast lost thy gaiety; persecution has stripped you of
+     it; and has robbed you of your health. The happiness of your
+     life is already disturbed. But now, and more solidly than
+     ever, are you attached to me. Nobody will ever be able to
+     separate us. You have suffered because you love me.
+
+When accounts of what was happening in Bavaria reached England a well
+pickled rod was applied to Lola's back:
+
+"The sanguinary and destructive conduct of the Munich mob," began a
+furious leading article, "was caused by the supposed return of
+Bavaria's famous strumpet, Lola Montez. This heroine was once familiar
+to the eyes of all Paris, and notorious as a courtesan. When she was
+invested with a title, the Bavarians shuddered at their degradation.
+It was nothing less than an outrage on the part of royalty, never to
+be forgotten or forgiven."
+
+The columns of _Maga_ also wielded the rod in vigorous fashion:
+
+     "The late King, one of the most accomplished of dilettanti,
+     worst of poets, and silliest of men, had latterly put the
+     coping-stone to a life of folly by engaging in a most
+     bare-faced intrigue with the notorious Lola Montez. The
+     indecency and infatuation of this last _liaison_--far more
+     openly conducted than any of his former numerous amours--had
+     given intense umbrage to the nobility whom he had insulted
+     by elevating the ci-devant opera-dancer to their ranks."
+
+Yet, with all his faults heavy upon him, Ludwig, none the less, had
+his points. Thus, in addition to converting Munich from a second-rate
+town to a really important capital, he did much to encourage the
+development of art and letters and science and education throughout
+his kingdom. Ignaz Döllinger, the theologian, Joseph Görres, the
+historian, Jean Paul Richter, the poet, Franz Schwanthaler, the
+sculptor, and Wilhelm Thirsch, the philosopher, with Richard Wagner
+and a host of others basked in his patronage. When he died, twenty
+years later, these facts were remembered and his little slips
+forgotten. The Müncheners gave him burial in the Basilica; and an
+equestrian statue, bearing the inscription, "Just and Persevering,"
+was set up in the Odeon-Platz.
+
+It is the fashion among certain historians to charge Lola Montez with
+responsibility for the revolution in Bavaria. But this charge is not
+justified. The fact is, the kingdom was ripe for revolution; and the
+equilibrium of the government was so unstable that Ludwig would have
+lost his crown, whether she was in the country or not.
+
+It is just as well to remember this.
+
+
+V
+
+After a few months among them, Lola, tiring of the Swiss cantons,
+thought she might as well discover if England, which she had not
+visited for six years, could offer any fresh attractions. Accordingly,
+resolved to make the experiment, on December 30, 1848, she arrived in
+London.
+
+The _Satirist_, hearing the news, suggested that the managers of Drury
+Lane and Covent Garden should engage her as a "draw." But she did not
+stop in England very long, as she returned to the Continent almost at
+once.
+
+In the following spring, she made a second journey to London, and
+sailed from Rotterdam. Unknown to her, the passenger list was to have
+included another fallen star. This was Metternich, who, with the
+riff-raff of Vienna thundering at the doors of his palace, was
+preparing to seek sanctuary in England. Thinking, however, that the
+times were not altogether propitious, he decided to postpone the
+expedition.
+
+"If," he wrote, "the Chartist troubles had not prevented me embarking
+yesterday at Rotterdam, I should have reached London this morning in
+the company of the Countess of Landsfeld. She sailed by the steamer in
+which I was to have travelled. I thank heaven for having preserved me
+from such contact!"
+
+All things considered, it is perhaps just as well that the two
+refugees did not cross the Channel together. Had they done so, it is
+probable that one of them would have found a watery grave.
+
+Metternich had worsted Napoleon, but he found himself worsted by Lola
+Montez. On April 9, he wrote from The Hague:
+
+     "I have put off my departure for England, because I wished
+     to know first what was happening in that country as a result
+     of the Chartists' disturbance. I consider that, for me who
+     must have absolute rest, it would have been ridiculous to
+     have arrived in the middle of the agitation."
+
+Louis Napoleon, however, was made of sterner stuff; and it is to his
+credit that, as a return for the hospitality extended him, he was
+sworn in as a special constable.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII
+
+A "LEFT-HANDED" MARRIAGE
+
+
+I
+
+On arriving in London, and (thanks to the bounty of Ludwig) being well
+provided with funds, Lola took a house in Half Moon Street,
+Piccadilly. There she established something of a _salon_, where she
+gave a series of evening receptions. They were not, perhaps, up to the
+old Barerstrasse standard; still, they brought together a number of
+the less important "lions," all of whom were only too pleased to
+accept invitations.
+
+Among the hangers-on was Frederick Leveson-Gower, a son of Earl
+Granville. He had met the great Rachel in Paris and was ecstatic about
+her. "Not long after," he says, "I got to know another much less
+gifted individual, but who having captivated a King, upset two
+Ministries, and brought about a revolution in Bavaria, was entitled to
+be looked upon as celebrated. This was Lola Montez."
+
+In his character of what is still oddly dubbed a "man-about-town,"
+Serjeant Ballantine was also among those who attended these Half Moon
+Street gatherings. "His hostess," he says, "had certain claims to
+celebrity. She was, I believe, of Spanish origin, and certainly
+possessed that country's style of beauty, with much dash of manner and
+an extremely _outré_ fashion of dress." Another occasional visitor was
+George Augustus Sala, a mid-Victorian journalist who was responsible
+for printing more slipshod inaccuracies than any two members of his
+craft put together. He says that he once contemplated writing Lola's
+memoirs. He did not, however, get beyond "contemplating." This,
+perhaps, was just as well, since he was so ill-equipped for the task
+that he imagined she was a sister of Adah Isaacs Menken.
+
+"About this time," he says, "I made the acquaintance, at a little
+cigar shop under the pillars in Norreys Street, Regent Street, of an
+extremely handsome lady, originally the wife of a solicitor, but who
+had been known in London and Paris as a ballet-dancer under the name
+of Lola Montez. When I knew her, she had just escaped from Munich,
+where she had been too notorious as Countess of Landsfeld. She had
+obtained for a time complete mastery over old King Ludwig of Bavaria;
+and something like a revolution had been necessary to induce her to
+quit the Bavarian capital."
+
+A ridiculous story spread that Lord Brougham (who had witnessed her
+ill-starred début in 1843) wanted to marry her. The fact that there
+was already a Lady Brougham in existence did not curb the tongues of
+the gossipers. "She refused the honourable Lord," says a French
+journalist, "in a manner that redounded to her credit."
+
+Journalists, anxious for "copy," haunted Half Moon Street all day
+long. They were never off her doorstep. "Town gossip," declared one of
+them, "is in full swing; and the general public are all agog to catch
+a glimpse of the latest 'lioness.' Lola Montez is on every lip and in
+everybody's eye. She is causing an even bigger sensation than that
+inspired by the Swedish Nightingale, Madame Jenny Lind."
+
+Notwithstanding the ill-success of a former attempt to exploit her
+personality behind the footlights, Mrs. Keeley produced a sketch at
+the Haymarket written "round" Lola Montez. This, slung together by
+Stirling Coyne, was called: _Pas de Fascination_. The scene was laid
+in "Neverask-_where_"; and among the characters were "Prince
+Dunbrownski," "Count Muffenuff," and "General von Bolte."
+
+It scarcely sounds rib-rending.
+
+Mrs. Charles Kean, who attended the first performance, described _Pas
+de Fascination_ as "the most daring play I ever witnessed." Lola
+Montez herself took it in good part. She sat in a box, "and, when the
+curtain fell, threw a magnificent bouquet at the principal actress."
+Coals of fire.
+
+Not to be behindhand in offering tit-bits of "news," an American
+correspondent informed his readers that: "During the early part of
+1849, Lola Montez, arrayed in the Royal Bavarian jewels, crashed into
+one of the Court balls at Buckingham Palace. Needless to remark," he
+added, "the audacity has not been repeated." From this, it would
+appear that the Lord Chamberlain had been aroused from his temporary
+slumbers.
+
+The _Satirist_ had assured his readers "the public will soon be
+hearing more of Madame Montez." They did. What they heard was
+something quite unexpected. This was that she had made a second
+experiment in matrimony, and that her choice had fallen on a Mr.
+George Heald, a callow lad of twenty, for whom a commission as Cornet
+in the Life Guards had been purchased by his family.
+
+
+II
+
+The precise reasons actuating Lola in adopting this step were not
+divulged. Several, however, suggested themselves. Perhaps she was
+attracted by the Cornet's glittering cuirass and plumed helmet;
+perhaps by his substantial income; and perhaps she tired of being a
+homeless wanderer, and felt that here at last was a prospect of
+settling down and experimenting with domesticity.
+
+When the announcement appeared in print there was much fluttering
+among the Mayfair dovecotes. As the bridegroom had an income of
+approximately £10,000 a year, the débutantes--chagrined to discover
+that such an "eligible" had been snatched from their grasp--felt
+inclined to call an indignation meeting.
+
+"Preposterous," they said, "that such a woman should have snapped him
+up! Something ought to be done about it."
+
+But, for the moment, nothing was "done about it," and the knot was
+tied on July 14. Lola saw that the knot should be a double one; and
+the ceremony took place, first, at the French Catholic Chapel in King
+Street, and afterwards at St. George's, Hanover Square.
+
+[Illustration: _Berrymead Priory, Acton, where Lola Montez lived with
+Cornet Heald_]
+
+A press representative, happening to be among the congregation, rushed
+off to Grub Street. There he was rewarded with a welcome five
+shillings by his editor, who, in high glee at securing such a piece of
+news before any other journal, had a characteristic paragraph on the
+subject:
+
+     Lola Montez, Countess of Landsfeld, the ex-danseuse and
+     ex-favourite of the imbecile old King of Bavaria, is, we are
+     able to inform our readers, at last married legitimately.
+     _On dit_ that her young husband, Mr. George Trafford Heald,
+     has been dragged into the match somewhat hurriedly. It will
+     be curious to mark the progress of the Countess in this
+     novel position. A sudden change from a career of furious
+     excitement to one in which prudence and a regard for the
+     rules of good society are the very opposite to those
+     observed by loose foreigners must prove a trial to her.
+     Whipping commissaries of police, and setting ferocious dogs
+     at inoffensive civilians, may do very well for Munich. In
+     England, however, we are scarcely prepared for these
+     activities, even if they be deemed the privilege of a
+     countess.
+
+Disraeli, who had a hearty appetite for all the tit-bits of gossip
+discussed in Mayfair drawing-rooms, heard of the match and mentioned
+it in a letter to his sister, Sarah:
+
+     _July, 1849._
+
+     The Lola Montez marriage makes a sensation. I believe he
+     [Heald] has only £3,000 per annum, not £13,000. It was an
+     affair of a few days. She sent to ask the refusal of his
+     dog, which she understood was for sale--of course it wasn't,
+     being very beautiful. But he sent it as a present. She
+     rejoined; he called; and they were married in a week. He is
+     only twenty-one, and wished to be distinguished. Their
+     dinner invitations are already out, I am told. She quite
+     convinced him previously that she was not Mrs. James; and,
+     as for the King of Bavaria, who, by the by, allows her £1500
+     a year, and to whom she writes every day--that was only a
+     _malheureuse_ passion.
+
+Apropos of this union, a popular riddle went the round of the clubs:
+"Why does a certain young officer of the Life Guards resemble a much
+mended pair of shoes?" The answer was, "Because he has been heeled
+[Heald] and soled [sold]."
+
+The honeymoon was spent at Berrymead Priory, a house that the
+bridegroom owned at Acton. This was a substantial Gothic building,
+with several acres of well timbered ground and gardens. Some distance,
+perhaps, from the Cornet's barracks. Still, one imagines he did not
+take his military duties very seriously; and leave of absence "on
+urgent private affairs" was, no doubt, granted in liberal fashion.
+Also, he possessed a phæton, in which, with a spanking chestnut
+between the shafts, the miles would soon be covered.
+
+The Priory had a history stretching back to the far off days of Henry
+III, when it belonged to the Chapter of St. Paul's Cathedral. Henry
+VII, in high-handed fashion, presented it to the Earl of Bedford; and
+a subsequent occupant was the notorious Elizabeth Chudleigh, the
+bigamous spouse of the Duke of Kingston. Another light lady, Nancy
+Dawson, is also said to have lived there as its châtelaine, under the
+"protection" of the Duke of Newcastle.
+
+At the beginning of the last century the property was acquired by a
+Colonel Clutton. He was followed by Edward Bulwer, afterwards Lord
+Lytton, who lived there on and off (chiefly off) with his wife, until
+their separation in 1836. On one occasion he gave a dinner-party,
+among the guests being John Forster, "to meet Miss Landon,
+Fontblanque, and Hayward." To the invitation was added the warning,
+"We dine at half-past five, to allow time for return, and regret much
+having no spare beds as yet." A spare bed, however, was available for
+Lord Beaconsfield, when he dined there in the following year.
+
+On the departure of Bulwer, the house had a succession of tenants; and
+for a short period it even sheltered a bevy of Nuns of the Sacred
+Heart. It was when they left that the estate was purchased by Mr.
+George Heald, a barrister with a flourishing practice. He left it to
+his booby son, the Cornet: and it was thus that Lola Montez
+established her connection with Berrymead Priory.
+
+While the original house still stands, the garden in which it stood
+has gone; and the building itself now serves as the premises of the
+Acton Constitutional Club. But the committee have been careful to
+preserve some evidence of Cornet Heald's occupancy. Thus, his crest
+and family motto, _Nemo sibi Nascitur_, are let into the mosaic
+flooring of the hall, and the drawing-room ceiling is embellished with
+his initials picked out in gold.
+
+
+III
+
+Prejudice, perhaps, but unions between the sons of Mars and the
+daughters of Terpsichore were in those days frowned upon by the
+military big-wigs at the Horse Guards. Hence, it was not long before
+an inspired note on the subject of this one appeared in the
+_Standard_:
+
+     We learn from undoubted authority that, immediately on the
+     marriage of Lieutenant Heald with the Countess of Landsfeld,
+     the Marquess of Londonderry, Colonel of the 2nd Life Guards,
+     took the most decisive steps to recommend to Her Majesty
+     that this officer's resignation of his commission should be
+     insisted on; and that he should at once leave the regiment,
+     which this unfortunate and extraordinary act might possibly
+     prejudice.
+
+Her Majesty, having consulted the Prince Consort and the Duke of
+Wellington, shared this view. Instead, however, of being summarily
+"gazetted out," the love-sick young warrior was permitted to "send in
+his papers."
+
+Thinking that he had acted precipitately in resigning, Cornet Heald
+(egged on, doubtless, by Lola) endeavoured to get his resignation
+cancelled. The authorities, however, were adamant. "Much curiosity,"
+says a journalistic comment, "has been aroused among the Household
+Troops by the efforts of this officer to regain his commission after
+having voluntarily relinquished it. Notwithstanding his youth and the
+fact that he had given way to a sudden impulse, Lord Londonderry was
+positively inflexible. Yet the influence and eloquence of a certain
+ex-Chancellor, well known to the bride, was brought to bear on him."
+
+The "certain ex-Chancellor" was none other than Lord Brougham.
+
+Much criticism followed in other circles. Everybody had an opinion to
+advance. Most of them were far from complimentary, and there were
+allusions by the dozen to "licentious soldiery" and "gilded
+popinjays." The rigid editor of _The Black Book of the British
+Aristocracy_ was particularly indignant. "The Army," he declared, in a
+fierce outburst, "is the especial favourite of the aristocratic
+section. Any brainless young puppy with a commission is free to lounge
+away his time in dandyism and embryo moustaches at the public
+expense."
+
+The _Satirist_, living up to its name, also had its customary sting:
+
+     Of course, the gallant Colonel of the Household Troops could
+     not do less. That distinguished corps is immaculate; and no
+     breath of wind must come between it and its propriety. There
+     is but one black sheep in the 2nd Life Guards, and that, in
+     the eyes of the coal black colonel (him of the collieries),
+     is the soft, enchanted, and enchained Mr. Heald. Poor Heald!
+     Indignant Londonderry! How subservient, in truth, must be
+     the lean subaltern to his fat colonel.
+
+A Sunday organ followed suit. "What," it demanded, "may be the precise
+article of the military code against which Mr. Heald is thought to
+have offended? One could scarcely have supposed that officers in Her
+Majesty's service were living under such a despotism that they should
+be compelled to solicit permission to get married, or their colonel's
+approbation of their choice."
+
+In addition to thus disapproving of marriages between his officers and
+ladies of the stage, Lord Londonderry (a veteran of fifty-five years'
+service) disapproved with equal vigour of tobacco. "What," he once
+wrote to Lord Combermere, "are the Gold Sticks to do with that sink of
+smoking, the Horse Guards' guard and mess-rooms? Whenever I have
+visited them, I have found them _worse_ than any pot-house, and this
+actually opposite the Adjutant-General's and under his Grace's very
+nose!"
+
+The example set by Cornet Heald seems to have been catching. "Another
+young officer of this regiment," announced the _Globe_, "has just run
+off with a frail lady belonging to the Theatre and actually married
+her at Brighton." He, too, was required to "send in his papers."
+
+Besides losing his commission, Cornet Heald had, in his marriage, all
+unwittingly laid up a peck of fresh trouble for himself. This was
+brought to a head by the action of his spinster aunt, Miss Susannah
+Heald, who, until he came of age, had been his guardian. Suspecting
+Lola of a "past," she set herself to pry into it. Gathering that her
+nephew's inamorata had already been married, she employed enquiry
+agents to look into this previous union and discover just how and when
+it had been dissolved. They did their work well, and reported that the
+divorce decree of seven years earlier had not been made absolute, and
+that Lola's first husband, Captain James, was still alive. Armed with
+this knowledge, Miss Heald hurried off to the authorities, and, having
+"laid an information," had Lola Montez arrested for bigamy.
+
+The case was heard at Marlborough Street police court, with Mr.
+Bingham sitting as Magistrate. Mr. Clarkson conducted the prosecution,
+and Mr. Bodkin appeared for the defence.
+
+"The proceedings of a London police court," declared _John Bull_,
+"have seldom presented a case more fruitful of matter for public
+gossip than was exhibited in the investigation at Marlborough Street,
+where the mediated wife of a British officer (and one invested with
+the distinction of Royal favouritism) answered a charge of imputed
+bigamy.... It will readily be inferred that we allude to that
+extraordinary personage known as Lola Montez, _alias_ the Countess of
+Landsfeld."
+
+Lola had, as the theatrical world would put it, dressed for the part.
+She had probably rehearsed it, too. She wore, we learn, "a black silk
+costume, under a velvet jacket, and a plain white straw bonnet trimmed
+with blue ribbons." As became a countess, she was not required to sit
+in the dock, but was given a chair in front of it. "There," said a
+reporter, "she appeared quite unembarrassed, and smiled frequently as
+she made a remark to her husband. She was described on the charge
+sheet as being twenty-four years of age, but in our opinion she has
+the look of a woman of at least thirty."
+
+"In figure," added a second occupant of the press box, "madam is
+rather plump, and of middle height, with pale complexion, unusually
+large blue eyes and long black lashes. Her reputed husband, Mr. Heald,
+is a tall young man of boyish aspect, fair hair and small brown
+moustachios and whiskers. During the whole of the proceedings he sat
+with the Countess's hand clasped in his, occasionally giving it a
+fervent squeeze, and murmuring fondly in her ear."
+
+All being ready, Mr. Clarkson opened the case for the prosecution.
+
+     "The offence imputed to the lady at the bar," he said, "is
+     that, well knowing her husband, Captain Thomas James, was
+     still alive, she contracted another marriage with this young
+     gentleman, Mr. George Trafford Heald. If this be
+     established, serious consequences must follow, as I shall
+     prove that the Ecclesiastical Court merely granted a decree
+     _a mensa et thoro_." He then put in a copy of this document,
+     and pointed out that, by its provisions, neither party was
+     free to re-marry during the lifetime of the other. Counsel
+     also submitted an extract from the register of the Hanover
+     Square church, showing that, on July 19, the defendant had,
+     under the name of "Maria Torres de Landsfeld," gone through
+     a ceremony of marriage with Cornet Heald.
+
+Police-sergeant Gray, who had executed the warrant, described the
+arrest.
+
+"When I told her she must come along with me, the lady up and said:
+'This is all rubbish. I was properly divorced from Captain James by
+Act of Parliament. Lord Brougham was present when the divorce was
+granted. I don't know if Captain James is still alive or not, and I
+don't care a little bit. I was married to him in the wrong name, and
+that made the whole thing illegal.'"
+
+"Did she say anything else?" enquired the magistrate.
+
+"Yes, Your Worship," returned the sergeant, consulting his note-book.
+"She said: 'What on earth will the Royal Family say when they hear of
+this? There's bound to be the devil of a fuss.'"
+
+"Laughter in Court!" chronicled the pressmen.
+
+"And what did you say to that?" enquired Mr. Bingham.
+
+"I said that anything she said would be taken down by myself and used
+in evidence against her," was the glib response.
+
+The execution of the warrant would appear to have been carried out in
+dramatic fashion.
+
+Having evidently got wind of what was awaiting her, Lola and the
+Cornet had packed their luggage and arranged to leave England. Just as
+they were stepping into their carriage, Miss Susannah Heald and her
+solicitor, accompanied by a couple of police officers, drove up in a
+cab to Half Moon Street. When the latter announced that they had a
+warrant for her arrest, there was something of a scene. "The
+Countess," declared an imaginative reporter (who must have been
+hovering on the doorstep), "exhibited all the appearance of excessive
+passion. She used very strong language, pushed the elderly Miss Heald
+aside, and bustled her husband in vigorous fashion. However, she soon
+cooled down, and, on being escorted to Vine Street police station,
+where the charge of bigamy was booked, she graciously apologised for
+any trouble she had given the representatives of the law. She then
+begged permission to light a cigar, and suggested that the constables
+on duty there should join her in a social whiff."
+
+Miss Susannah Heald, described as "an aged lady," deposed that she was
+Cornet Heald's aunt, and that she had been appointed his guardian
+during his minority, which had only just expired. She was bringing the
+action, she insisted, "from a sense of duty."
+
+Another witness was Captain Charles Ingram, a mariner in the service
+of the East India Company. He identified the accused as the Mrs. James
+who had sailed in a ship under his command from Calcutta to London in
+the year 1842.
+
+While an official return, prepared by the military authorities, showed
+Captain James to have been alive on June 13, there was none to show
+that he was still in the land of the living on July 19, the date of
+the alleged bigamous marriage. The prosecution affected to consider
+this point unimportant. The magistrate, however (on whom Lola's bright
+eyes had done their work), did not agree.
+
+"The point," he said, "is, to my mind, very important. During the
+interval that elapsed between these two dates many things may have
+happened which would render this second marriage quite legal. It is
+possible, for instance, that Captain James may have been snatched from
+this world to another one by any of those numerous casualties--such as
+wounds in action or cholera--that are apt to befall members of the
+military profession serving in a tropical climate. What do you say to
+that, Mr. Clarkson?"
+
+Mr. Clarkson had nothing to say. Mr. Bodkin, however, when it came to
+his turn, had a good deal to say. The charge against his client was,
+he declared, "in all his professional experience, absolutely
+unparalleled." Neither the first nor the second husband, he pointed
+out, had advanced any complaint; and the offence, if any, had been
+committed under circumstances that fully justified it. He did not wish
+to hint at improper motives on the part of Miss Heald, but it was
+clear, he protested, that her attitude was governed by private, and
+not by public, ends. None the less, he concluded, "I am willing to
+admit that enough has been put before the Court to justify further
+enquiry."
+
+Such an admission was a slip which even the very rawest of counsel
+should have avoided. It forced the hand of the magistrate.
+
+"I am asked," he said, "to act on a presumption of guilt. As proof of
+guilt is wanting, I am reluctant to act on such presumption, even to
+the extent of granting a remand, unless the prosecution can assure me
+that more evidence will be offered at another hearing. Since, however,
+the defendant's own advocate has voluntarily admitted that there is
+ground for further enquiry, I am compelled to order a remand. But the
+accused will be released from custody on providing two sureties of
+£500 each, and herself in one of £1000."
+
+The adjourned proceedings began a week later, and were heard by
+another magistrate, Mr. Hardwick. This time, however, there was no
+defendant, for, on her name being called by the usher, Mr. Bodkin
+pulled a long face and announced that his client had left England. "I
+cannot," he said, "offer any reason for her absence." Still, he had a
+suggestion. "It is possible," he said, "that she has gone abroad for
+the benefit of her health." The question of estreating the
+recognizances then arose. While not prepared to abandon them
+altogether, counsel for the prosecution was sufficiently generous to
+say that so far as he was concerned no objection would be offered to
+extending them.
+
+When, after two more adjournments, the defendant still failed to
+surrender to her bail, the magistrate and counsel for the prosecution
+altered their tone.
+
+"Your Worship," said Mr. Clarkson, "it has come to my knowledge that
+the person whose real name is Mrs. James, and who is charged with the
+felonious crime of bigamy, is now some hundreds of miles beyond your
+jurisdiction, and does not mean to appear. Accordingly, on behalf of
+the highly respectable Miss Heald, I now ask that the recognizances be
+forfeited. My client has been actuated all through by none but the
+purest motives, her one object being to remove the only son of a
+beloved brother from a marriage that was as illegal as it was
+disgraceful. If we secure evidence from India that Captain James is
+still alive, we shall then adopt the necessary steps to remove this
+deluded lad from the fangs of this scheming woman."
+
+"Let the recognizances be estreated," was the magisterial comment.
+
+"Sensation!" scribbled the reporters.
+
+Serjeant Ballantine, who liked to have a hand in all _causes
+célèbres_, declares that he was consulted by Lola's solicitors, with a
+view to undertaking her defence. If so, he would seem to have read his
+instructions very casually, since he adds: "I forget whether the
+prosecution was ultimately dropped, or whether she left England before
+any result was arrived at. My impression is that the charge could not
+have been substantiated."
+
+Ignoring the fact that the case was still _sub judice_, the _Observer_
+offered its readers some severe comments:
+
+     "The Helen of the age is most assuredly Lola Montez, _alias_
+     Betsy James, _alias_ the Gräfin von Lansfelt, _alias_ Mrs.
+     Heald. As far as can be gathered from her dark history, her
+     first public act was alleged adultery, as her last is
+     alleged bigamy.... The evidence produced before the
+     Consistory Court is of the most clear and convincing nature,
+     and proves that the character of this lady (whose fame has
+     become so disgustingly notorious) has been from an early
+     date that of a mere wanton, alike unmindful of the sacred
+     ties of matrimony and utterly careless of the opinion of the
+     world upon morality or religion."
+
+[Illustration: _Lola Montez in London. Aged thirty_
+
+(_Engraved by Auguste Hüssner_)]
+
+By the way, during the police court proceedings, fresh light on the
+subject of Lola's parentage was furnished by an odd entry in an Irish
+paper:
+
+     "Lola Montez, Countess of Landsfeld, is the daughter of a
+     Cork lady. Her mother was at one time employed as a member
+     of a millinery establishment in this city; and was married
+     here to Lieutenant Gilbert, an officer in the army. Soon
+     after the marriage, he sailed with his wife and child to
+     join his regiment in India. At the end of last year, Lola's
+     mother, who is now in delicate health, visited her sister in
+     Cork."
+
+
+IV
+
+Thanks to the bright eyes of Lola (or perhaps to the musical jingle of
+the Cornet's cash bags), a very loose watch was kept on the pair.
+Hence the reason why the Countess of Landsfeld (as she still insisted
+on being called) had not kept her second appointment at Marlborough
+Street was because, together with the dashing ex-Life Guardsman, she
+had left England early that morning. Travelling as Mr. and Mrs. Heald,
+the pair went, first, to Paris, and then to Italy.
+
+A British tourist who happened to be in Naples wrote to _The Times_,
+giving an account of a glimpse he had of them. According to him, the
+couple, "a youthful bridegroom and a fair lady," accompanied by a
+courier, a _femme de chambre_, and a carriage, took rooms at the Hotel
+Vittoria. After one night there, they left the next morning, hiring a
+special steamer, at a cost of £400, to take them to Marseilles. The
+hurried departure was said to be due to a lawyer's letters that was
+waiting for the bridegroom at his banker's. "I am told," adds the
+correspondent, "that Mr. and Mrs. Heald were bound on an excursion to
+the Pyramids; and that, when the little business for which the lady is
+wanted at home has been settled, they mean to prosecute their
+intention. Pray, sir, help Mrs. Heald out of her present affliction.
+Is this the first time that a lady has had two husbands? And is she
+not bound for the East, where every man has four wives?"
+
+The booby Cornet, with his ideas limited to fox-hunting and a study of
+_Ruff's Guide_, was no mate for a brilliant woman like Lola. Hence
+disagreements soon manifested themselves. A specially serious one
+would seem to have arisen at Barcelona, for, says a letter from a
+mutual acquaintance, "the Countess and her husband had a warm
+discussion, which ended in an attempt by her to stab him. Mr. Heald,
+objecting to such a display of conjugal affection, promptly quitted
+the town."
+
+Further particulars were supplied by another correspondent: "I saw Mr.
+Heald," says this authority. "He is a tall, thin young man, with a
+fair complexion, and often uses rouge to hide his pallor. Many pity
+him for what has happened. Others, however, pity the lovely Lola.
+Before he left this district, Mr. Heald called on the English Consul.
+'I have come,' he said,'to ask your advice. Some of my friends here
+suggest that I should leave my wife. What ought I to do about it? If I
+stop with her, I am afraid of being assassinated or poisoned.' He then
+exhibited a garment covered with blood. The Consul replied: 'I am
+positively astonished that, after the attack of which you speak, you
+did not complain to the police, and that you have since lived with
+your wife on terms of intimacy. If you want to abandon her, you must
+do as you think best. I cannot advise you.'"
+
+H.B.M. Consul, however, did stretch a point, since he (perhaps fearing
+further bloodshed) offered to _viser_ the applicant's passport for any
+other country. Thereupon, Mr. Heald betook himself to Mataro. But,
+becoming conscience-smitten, he promptly sat down and wrote an
+apologetic letter to the lady he left behind him, begging her
+forgiveness. "If you should ever have reason to complain of me again,"
+he said, "this letter will always act as a talisman."
+
+Apparently it had the effect, for Lola returned to her penitent
+spouse.
+
+The Barcelona correspondent of _L'Assemblée Nationale_ managed to
+interview the Cornet.
+
+"He says," announced this authority, "that others persuaded him to
+depart, against his real wishes. On rejoining him, Mrs. Heald was most
+indignant. Her eyes positively flashed fire; and, if she should chance
+to encounter the men who took her husband from her, I quite tremble to
+think what will happen!"
+
+Something obviously did happen, for, according to de Mirecourt,
+"during their sojourn in Sunny Spain, the admirable English husband
+made his wife the gratified mother of two beautiful offspring."
+Parenthood, however, would appear to have had an odd effect upon this
+couple, for, continues de Mirecourt: "_Mais, en dépit de ces gages
+d'amour, leur bonheur est troublé par des querelles intestines._"
+
+It was from Spain that, having adjusted their differences temporarily,
+the couple went back to Paris. As a peace offering, a rising young
+artist, Claudius Jacquand, was commissioned to paint both their
+portraits on a single canvas. During, however, another domestic
+rupture, Heald demanded that Lola's features should be painted out. "I
+want nothing," he said, "to remind me of that woman." Unfortunately,
+Lola had just made a similar demand where the Cornet was concerned.
+Jacquand was a man of talent, but he could not do impossibilities.
+Thereupon, Lola, breathing fire and fury, took the canvas away and
+hung it with its back to the front in her bedroom. "To allow my
+husband to watch me always would," she said, "be indelicate!"
+
+There is a theory that, within the next twelve months, the
+ill-assorted union was dissolved by Heald getting upset in a
+rowing-boat and drowned in Lisbon harbour. The theory, however, is a
+little difficult to reconcile with the fact that, on the close of the
+Great Exhibition at the end of 1851, he attended an auction of the
+effects, where he bought a parquet floor and had it laid down in his
+drawing-room at Berrymead Priory. After this he had a number of
+structural alterations added; fitted the windows with some stained
+glass, bearing his crest and initials; and, finally, did not give up
+the lease until 1855. Pretty good work, this, for a man said to have
+met with a watery grave six years earlier.
+
+As a matter of strict fact, Cornet Heald was not drowned, either at
+Lisbon or anywhere else. He died in his bed at Folkestone, in 1856.
+The medical certificate attributed the cause of death to consumption.
+In the _Gentleman's Magazine_, however, the diagnosis was different,
+viz., "broken heart."
+
+All things pass. In 1859 the executors of the dashing Cornet sold the
+Berrymead property for £7000, to be repurchased soon afterwards for
+£23,000 by a land-development company. The house now serves as the
+premises of the Priory Constitutional Club, Acton. A certain amount of
+evidence of Cornet Heald's one-time occupancy still exists. Thus his
+crest and motto, _Nemo sibi Nascitur_, are let into the mosaic
+flooring of the hall, and the drawing-room ceiling is embellished with
+his initials picked out in gold.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIII
+
+ODYSSEY
+
+
+I
+
+Notwithstanding the tie of alleged parenthood, domestic relations
+between them did not improve, and the couple soon parted. The
+knowledge that she was still "wanted" there kept Lola out of England.
+Instead, she went to Paris, where such unpleasantnesses as warrants
+could not touch her. There she was given a warm welcome, by old
+friends and new.
+
+During this visit to Paris an unaccustomed set-back was experienced.
+She received it from Émile de Girardin, of whom she endeavoured to
+make a conquest. But this "wild-eyed, pale-faced man of letters," as
+she called him, would have none of her. Perhaps he remembered what had
+befallen Dujarier.
+
+As was to be expected, the coming among them of Lola Montez attracted
+the attention of the _courrierists_, who earned many welcome francs by
+filling columns with details of her career. What they did not know
+about it they invented. They knew very little. Thus, one such article
+(appropriately signed "Fantasio") read as follows:
+
+     "Madame Lola Montez, who is now happily returned to us, is
+     the legitimate spouse of Sir Thomas James, an officer of the
+     English Army. Milord Sir James loved to drink and the
+     beautiful Lola loved to flirt. A wealthy Prince of Kabul was
+     willing to possess her for her weight in gold and gems. Up
+     till now, her principal love affairs have been with Don
+     Enriquez, a Spaniard, Brûle-Tout, a well-developed French
+     mariner, and John, a phlegmatic Englishman. One day Sir
+     James bet that he could drink three bottles of brandy in
+     twenty minutes. While he was thus occupied, the amorous Lola
+     made love to three separate gallants."
+
+     "It will doubtless," added a second, "be gratifying to her
+     pride to queen it again in Paris, where she was once hissed
+     off the stage. There she will at any rate now be received at
+     the Bavarian Embassy, and exhibit the Order of Maria
+     Theresa. She was invested with this to the considerable
+     scandal of the Munich nobility, who cannot swallow the idea
+     of such a distinction being bestowed on a dancer."
+
+This sort of thing and a great deal more in a similar strain, was
+accepted as gospel by its readers. But for those who wished her ill,
+any lie was acceptable. Thus, although there was not a scrap of
+evidence to connect her with the incident, a paragraph, headed "Lola
+Again?" was published in the London papers:
+
+     Yesterday afternoon an extraordinary scene was witnessed by
+     the promenaders in the Champs Elysées. Two fashionably
+     attired ladies, driving in an elegant equipage, were heard
+     to be employing language that was anything but refined. From
+     words to blows, for suddenly they began to assault one
+     another with vigorous smacks. The toilettes and faces of the
+     fair contestants were soon damaged; and, loud cries of
+     distress being uttered, the carriage was stopped, and,
+     attracted by the fracas, some gentlemen hurried to render
+     assistance. As a result of their interference, one of the
+     damsels was expelled from the vehicle, and the other ordered
+     the coachman to drive her to her hotel. This second lady is
+     familiar to the public by reason of her adventures in
+     Bavaria.
+
+Albert Vandam, a singularly objectionable type of journalist, who
+professed to be on intimate terms with everybody in Paris worth
+knowing, has a number of offensive and unjustifiable allusions to Lola
+Montez at this period of her career. He talks of her "consummate
+impudence," of her "pot-house wit," and of her "grammatical errors,"
+and dubs her, among other things, "this almost illiterate schemer."
+
+"Lola Montez," says the egregious Vandam, "could not make friends." He
+was wrong. This was just what she could do. She made many staunch and
+warm-hearted friends. It was because she snubbed him on account of his
+pushfulness that Vandam elected to belittle her.
+
+Lola Montez chose her friends for their disposition, not for their
+virtue. One of them was George Sand, "the possessor of the largest
+mind and the smallest foot in Paris." She also became intimate with
+Alphonsine Plessis, and constantly visited the future "Lady of the
+Camelias" in her _appartement_ on the Boulevard de la Madeleine.
+Another _habitué_ there at this period was Lola's old Dresden flame,
+the Abbé Liszt, who, not confining his attentions to the romanticists,
+had no compunction about poaching on the preserves of Dumas _fils_,
+or, for that matter, of anybody else. As for the fair, but frail,
+Alphonsine, she said quite candidly that she was "perfectly willing to
+become his mistress, if he wanted it, but was not prepared to share
+the position." As Liszt had other ideas on the subject, the suggestion
+came to nothing.
+
+Some years afterwards, one of his pupils, an American young woman, Amy
+Fay, took his measure in a book, _Music-study in Germany_:
+
+"Liszt," she wrote, "is the most interesting and striking-looking man
+imaginable. Tall and slight, with deep-set eyes, shaggy eyebrows and
+long iron-grey hair which he wears parted in the middle. His mouth
+turns up at the corners, which gives him a most crafty and
+Mephistophelean expression when he smiles, and his whole appearance
+and manner have a sort of Jesuitical elegance and ease."
+
+Before she set out on this journey, Lola wrote to an acquaintance:
+"What makes men and women distinguished is their individuality; and it
+is for that I will conquer or die!" Of this quality, she had enough
+and to spare. Her Paris life was hectic; or, as the Boulevardiers put
+it, _elle faisait la bombe_.
+
+Among the tit-bits of gossip served up by a reporter was the
+following:
+
+     "Lola is constantly giving tea-parties in her Paris flat. A
+     gentleman who is frequently bidden to them tells us that her
+     masculine guests are restricted to such as have left their
+     wives, and that the feminine guests consist of ladies who
+     have left their husbands."
+
+An Englishman whom she met at this time was Savile Morton, a friend of
+Thackeray and Tennyson. One night when she was giving a supper-party,
+a fellow-guest, Roger de Beauvoir, happened to read to the company
+some verses he had written. The hostess, on the grounds of their
+alleged "coarseness," complained to Morton that she had been insulted.
+As a result, Morton, being head over ears in love with her, sent de
+Beauvoir a challenge. Lola, however, having had enough of duels, took
+care that nothing should come of it; and insisted that an apology
+should be given and accepted.
+
+At one time she was optimistic enough to take a villa at Beaujon on a
+fifteen years' lease, and had it refurnished in sumptuous fashion on
+credit. The first two instalments of the rent were met. When, however,
+the landlord called to collect the third one, he was put off with the
+excuse that: "Mr. Heald was away and had forgotten to send the money,
+but would be back in a week." This story might have been accepted, had
+not the landlord discovered that his tenant was planning to leave
+surreptitiously and that some of the furniture had already been
+removed. As a result, a body of indignant tradesmen, accompanied by
+the Maire of the district, in tricoloured sash and wand of office
+complete, betook themselves to the villa and demanded a settlement of
+accounts for goods delivered. This time they were told that the money
+had arrived, but that the key of the box in which it had been
+deposited for safety was lost. Assuring them that she would fetch a
+locksmith, Lola slipped out of the house, and, stepping into a
+waiting cab, drove off to a new address near the Étoile. This was the
+last that the creditors saw of her.
+
+In January, 1851, Lola, setting an example that has since then become
+much more common among theatrical ladies, compiled her "memoirs." When
+the editor of _Le Pays_ undertook to publish them in his columns, a
+rival editor, jealous of the "scoop," referred to their author as
+"Madame James, once Madame Heald, formerly Mlle Lola Montez, and for
+nearly a quarter of an hour the Countess of Landsfeld."
+
+The work was dedicated to her old patron, King Ludwig, with a florid
+_avant-propos_:
+
+     Sire: In publishing my memoirs, my purpose is to reveal to a
+     world still engulfed in a vulgar materialism Your Majesty's
+     lofty thoughts about art, poetry, and philosophy. The
+     inspiration of this book, Sire, is due to yourself, and to
+     those other remarkable men whom Fortune--always the
+     protector of my younger years--has given me as councillors
+     and friends.
+
+Lola must have written with more candour than tact. At any rate, after
+the first three chapters had appeared, the editor of _Le Pays_, on the
+grounds that they would "shock his purer readers," refused to continue
+the series. "We positively decline," he announced, "to sully our
+columns further."
+
+
+II
+
+Authorship having thus proved a failure, Lola, swallowing her
+disappointment, directed her thoughts to her old love, the ballet. To
+this end, she placed herself in the hands of a M. Roux; and, a number
+of engagements having been secured by him, she began a provincial tour
+at Bordeaux. By the time it was completed the star and her manager
+were on such bad terms that, when they got back to Paris, the latter
+was dismissed. Thereupon, he hurried off to a notary, and brought an
+action against his employer, claiming heavy damages.
+
+According to Maître Desmaret, his client, M. Roux, had been engaged in
+the capacity of _pilote intermédiare_ during a prospective tour in
+Europe and America. For his services he was to have 25 per cent of the
+box-office receipts. On this understanding he had accompanied his
+principal to a number of towns. He then returned to Paris; and while
+he was negotiating there for the defendant's appearance at the
+Vaudeville, he suddenly discovered that she was planning to go to
+America without him. As a result, he was now claiming damages for
+breach of contract. These he laid at the modest figure of 10,000
+francs.
+
+M. Blot-Lequesne, on behalf of Lola Montez, had a somewhat different
+story to tell. The plaintiff himself, he declared, wanted to get out
+of the contract and had deliberately disregarded its terms. His
+client, he said, had authorised him to accept an engagement for her to
+dance six times a week; but, in his anxiety to make additional profit
+for himself, he had compelled her to dance six times a day. Apart from
+this, he had "signally failed to respect her dignity as a woman, and
+had invented ridiculous stories about her career." He had even done
+worse, for, "without her knowledge or sanction, he had compiled and
+distributed among the audiences where she appeared an utterly
+preposterous biography of his employer." This, among other matters,
+asserted that she had "lived and danced for eleven years in China and
+Persia; and that she had been befriended by the dusky King of Nepaul,
+as well as by numerous rajahs."
+
+The concluding passage from this effort was read to the judge:
+
+"Ten substantial volumes would be filled with the chronicle of the
+eccentricities of Mlle Lola Montez, and much of them would still be
+left unsaid. In the year 1847 a great English lord married her in
+London. Unfortunately, they found themselves not in sympathy, and in
+1850 she returned to the dreams of her spring-time. The Countess has
+now completed one half of her projected tour. In November she leaves
+France for America and--well--God only knows what will happen
+then!"
+
+[Illustration: _A "Belle of the Boulevards." Lola Montez in Paris_]
+
+"As long," said counsel, "as the amiable Mlle Montez was treated by M.
+Roux like a wild animal exhibited at a country fair, she merely
+shrugged her shoulders in disgust. When, however, she saw how this
+abominable pamphlet lifted the curtain from her private life, it was
+another thing altogether. She expressed womanly indignation, and made
+a spirited response."
+
+"What was that?" enquired the judge, with interest.
+
+"She said: 'It is lucky for you, sir, that my husband is not here to
+protect me. If he were, he would certainly pull your nose!'"
+
+As was inevitable, this expression of opinion shattered the _entente_,
+and the manager returned to Paris by himself. Hearing nothing from
+him, Lola Montez thought that she was at liberty to make her own
+plans, and had accordingly arranged the American tour without his
+help.
+
+On November 6, 1851, continued counsel, Lola Montez arrived in Paris,
+telling M. Roux that she would leave for America on November 20, but
+that she would fulfil any engagement he secured during the interval.
+Just before she was ready to start he said he had got her one, but he
+would not tell her where it was or produce any written contract.
+
+Accepting this version as the correct one, the Court pronounced
+judgment in favour of Lola Montez.
+
+
+III
+
+M. Roux having thus been dismissed with a flea in his ear, Lola, on
+the advice of Peter Goodrich, the American consul in Paris, next
+engaged Richard Storrs Willis (a brother of N. P. Willis, the American
+poet) to look after her business affairs, and left Europe for America.
+As the good ship _Humbolt_, by which she was sailing, warped into
+harbour at New York, a salute of twenty-one guns thundered from the
+Battery. Lola, mightily pleased, took this expenditure of ammunition
+as a tribute to herself. When, however, she discovered that it was
+really to herald the coming of Louis Kossuth, who also happened to be
+on board, she registered annoyance and retired to her cabin, to nurse
+her wrath. A Magyar patriot to be more honoured than an English
+ex-favourite of a King! What next?
+
+"A gentleman travelling with her informed our representative," said
+the _New York Herald_, "that Madame had declared Kossuth to be a great
+humbug. The Countess was a prodigious favourite among the masculine
+passengers during the voyage, and continually kept them in roars of
+laughter."
+
+But, if disappointed in one respect, Lola derived a measure of
+compensation from the fact that the bevy of reporters who met the
+vessel found her much more interesting than the stranger from Hungary.
+
+"Madame Lola Montez," remarked one of them, who had gone off with a
+bulging note-book, crammed with enough "copy" to fill a column, "says
+that a number of shocking falsehoods about her have been published in
+our journals. Yet she insists she is not the woman she is credited (or
+discredited) with being. If she were, her admirers, she thinks, would
+be still more plentiful than they are. She expresses herself as
+fearful that she will not have proper consideration in New York; but
+she trusts that the great American public will suspend judgment until
+they have made her acquaintance."
+
+"The Countess of Landsfeld, who is now among us," adds a second
+scribe, "owes more to the brilliancy of intellect with which Heaven
+has gifted her than to her world-wide celebrity as an artiste. Her
+person and bearing are unmistakably aristocratic. If we may credit the
+stories which from time to time have reached us, she can, if
+necessary, use her riding-whip in vigorous fashion about the ears of
+any offending biped or quadruped. In America she is somewhat out of
+her latitude. Paris should be her real home."
+
+For the present, however, Lola decided to stop where she was.
+
+While she was in America on this tour, Barnum wanted to be her
+impresario, and promised "special terms." Despite, however, the lure
+of "having her path garlanded with flowers and her carriage drawn by
+human hands from hotel to theatre," the offer was not accepted.
+
+The New York début of Lola Montez was made on December 29, 1851, in a
+ballet: _Betly, the Tyrolean_. Public excitement ran high, for
+appetites had been whetted by the sensational accounts of her "past"
+with which the papers were filled.
+
+"Scandal does not necessarily create a great dancer," declared one
+rigid critic; and a second had a long column, headed: "MONTEZ _v._
+RESPECTABILITY," in which he observed (thoughtfully supplying a
+translation): "_Parturiunt_ MONTEZ, _nascitur ridiculus mus_." All the
+same, the box-office reported record business. As a result, prices
+were doubled, and the seats put up to auction.
+
+If she had her enemies in the press, Lola also had her champions
+there. Just before she arrived, one of them, a New York paper, took up
+the cudgels on her behalf in vigorous fashion:
+
+     The most funny proceeding that is going on in this town is
+     the terrible to-do that is being made about Lola Montez. If
+     this state of things continues we will guarantee a
+     continuance of the fun after Lola makes her advent among us,
+     for if she doesn't properly horse-whip those squeamish
+     gentlemen we are much mistaken in her character.
+
+     Now we want to call the attention of our fair-minded readers
+     to a few other matters that are sure to occur. Here are the
+     various papers pouring out a torrent of abuse on Lola. What
+     will it all amount to? In a few weeks she will land. In a
+     few weeks a popular theatre will be occupied by her, and
+     tens of thousands will throng that theatre. The manager will
+     reap a fortune, and so will Lola Montez; and those
+     short-sighted conductors of the Press will be begging for
+     tickets and quarrelling among themselves as to who can say
+     the most extravagant things in her favour. Public curiosity
+     will be gratified at any price; and if Lola Montez is a
+     capital dancer she will soon dance down all opposition. With
+     what grace can the public talk about virtue in a public
+     actress, when they have followed in the wake of an ELSSLER?
+     If the private character of a public actress is to be the
+     criterion by which to judge of her professional merit, then
+     half the theatres would be compelled to shut their doors.
+
+     We are as independently correct as any other paper that
+     exists. We don't care a straw whether we go on with or
+     without the other newspapers. We will do justice and say
+     what is true, regardless of popularity. We detest hypocrisy;
+     and we have no disposition to make a mountain out of a
+     molehill, or to see a mote in the eye of Lola Montez, and
+     not discover a beam in the eye of Fanny Elssler, or of any
+     of the other great dancers or actresses.
+
+     "What is Lola Montez?" enquire the public. A good dancer,
+     says the manager of a theatre. She is also notorious. The
+     public will crowd the theatre to see her and to judge
+     whether she is not also a good actress; and if they get
+     their money's worth, they are satisfied. They do not pay to
+     judge of the former history of Lola Montez.... A few
+     squeamish people cannot prevent Lola Montez from creating a
+     sensation here, or from crowding from pit to dome any house
+     where she may appear; and, as they will be the first to
+     endorse her success, they would be more consistent were they
+     to let her alone until she secures it.
+
+None the less, there was competition to meet. A great deal of
+competition, for counter-attractions were being offered in all
+directions. Thus, "Professor" Anderson was conjuring rabbits out of
+borrowed top hats; Thackeray was lecturing on "The English
+Humourists"; Macready was bellowing and posturing in Shakespeare;
+General Tom Thumb was exhibiting his lack of inches; and Mrs. Bloomer
+was advancing the cause of "Trousers for Women!" Still, Lola more than
+held her own as a "draw."
+
+In January the bill was changed to _Diana and the Nymphs_. The fact
+that some of the "Nymphs" supporting the star adopted a costume a
+little suggestive of modern nudism appears to have upset a feminine
+critic.
+
+"When," was her considered opinion, "a certain piece first presented a
+partly unclothed woman to the gaze of a crowded auditory, she was met
+with a gasp of astonishment at the effrontery which dared so much. Men
+actually grew pale at the boldness of the thing; young girls hung
+their heads; a death-like silence fell over the house. But it passed;
+and, in view of the fact that these women were French ballet-dancers,
+they were tolerated."
+
+To show that she was properly qualified to express her views on such a
+delicate matter, this censor added: "Belonging, root and branch, to a
+theatrical family, I have not on that account been deemed unworthy to
+break bread at an imperial table, nor to grasp the hand of friendship
+extended to me by an English lordly divine."
+
+By the way, on this subject of feminine attire (or the lack of it) a
+rigid standard was also applicable to the audience's side of the
+curtain, and any departure from it met with reprisals. This is made
+clear by a shocked paragraph chronicling one such happening at another
+theatre:
+
+     "During the evening of our visit there transpired an
+     occurrence to which we naturally have some delicacy in
+     alluding. Since, however, it indicates a censorship in a
+     quarter where refinement is perhaps least to be expected, it
+     should not be suffered by us to pass unnoticed. In the
+     stalls, which were occupied by a number of ladies and
+     gentlemen in full evening costume, and of established social
+     position, there was to be observed a woman whose remarkable
+     lowness of corsage attracted much criticism. Indeed, it
+     obviously scandalised the audience, among the feminine
+     portion of which a painful sensation was abundantly
+     perceptible. At last, their indignation found tangible
+     expression; and a voice from the pit was heard to utter in
+     measured accents a stern injunction that could apply to but
+     one individual. Blushing with embarrassment, the offender
+     drew her shawl across her uncovered shoulders. A few minutes
+     later, she rose and left the house, amid well merited hisses
+     from the gallery, and significant silence from the outraged
+     occupants of the stalls and boxes."
+
+Decorum was one thing; _décolletage_ was another. In the considered
+opinion of 1851 the two did not blend.
+
+A certain Dr. Judd, who, in the intervals of his medical practice, was
+managing a Christy Minstrels entertainment at this period, has some
+recollections of Lola Montez. "Many a long chat," he says, "I had with
+her in our little bandbox of a ticket-office. Thackeray's _Vanity
+Fair_ was being read in America just then, and Lola expressed to me
+great anger that the novelist should have put her into it as Becky
+Sharp. 'If he had only told the truth about me,' she said, 'I should
+not have cared, but he derived his inspiration from my enemies in
+England.'"
+
+This item appears to have been unaccountably missed by Thackeray's
+other historians.
+
+
+IV
+
+Lola's tastes were distinctly "Bohemian," and led her, while in New
+York, to be a constant visitor at Pfaff's underground _delicatessen_
+café, then a favourite haunt of the literary and artistic worlds of
+the metropolis. There she mingled with such accepted celebrities as
+Walt Whitman, W. Dean Howells, Commodore Vanderbilt, and that other
+flashing figure, Adah Isaacs Menken. She probably found in Pfaff's a
+certain resemblance to the Munich beer-halls with which she had been
+familiar. A bit of the Fatherland, as it were, carried across the
+broad Atlantic. German solids and German liquids; talk and laughter
+and jests among the company of actors and actresses and artists and
+journalists gathered night after night at the tables; everybody in a
+good temper and high spirits.
+
+Walt Whitman, inspired, doubtless, by beer, once described the place
+in characteristic rugged verse:
+
+    The vaults at Pfaff's, where the drinkers and laughers meet
+        to eat and drink and carouse,
+    While on the walk immediately overhead pass the myriad feet
+        of Broadway.
+
+There was a good deal more of it, for, when he had been furnished with
+plenty of liquid refreshment, the Muse of Walt ran to length.
+
+From New York Lola set out on a tour to Philadelphia, St. Louis, and
+Boston. While in this last town, she "paid a visit of ceremony" to one
+of the public schools. Although the children there "expressed surprise
+and delight at the honour accorded them," the _Boston Transcript_
+shook its editorial head; and "referred to the visit in a fashion that
+aroused the just indignation of the lady and her friends."
+
+The cudgels were promptly taken up on her behalf by a New York
+journalist:
+
+"Lola Montez," he declared, "owes less of her strange fascination and
+world-wide celebrity to her powers as an _artiste_ than to the
+extraordinary mind and brilliancy of intellect with which Heaven has
+thought fit to endow her. At one moment ruling a kingdom, through an
+imbecile monarch; and the next, the wife of a dashing young English
+lord.... Her person and bearing are unmistakably aristocratic. In her
+recent visit to one of our public schools she surprised and delighted
+the scholars by addressing them in the Latin language with remarkable
+facility."
+
+It would be of interest to learn the name of the "dashing young
+English lord." This, however, was probably a brevet rank conferred by
+the pressman on Cornet Heald.
+
+On April 27, 1852, Lola Montez appeared at the Albany Museum in
+selections from her repertoire. On this occasion she brought with her
+a "troupe of twelve dancing girls." As an additional lure, the bills
+described these damsels as "all of them unmarried, and most of them
+under sixteen."
+
+But the attraction which proved the biggest success in her repertoire
+was a drama called _Lola in Bavaria_. This was said to be written by
+"a young literary gentleman of New England, the son of a somewhat
+celebrated poetess." The heroine, who was never off the stage for more
+than five minutes, was depicted in turns as a dancer, a politician, a
+countess, a revolutionary, and a fugitive; and among the other
+characters were Ludwig I, Eugéne Sue, Dujarier, and Cornet Heald,
+while the setting offered "a correct representation of the Lola Montez
+palace at Munich." It seemed good value. At any rate, the public
+thought it was, and full houses were secured. But the critics
+restrained their raptures. "I sympathise," was the acid comment of one
+of them, "with the actresses who were forced to take part in such
+stuff"; and Joseph Daly described the heroine as "deserting a royal
+admirer to court the sovereign public." The author of this balderdash
+was one C. P. T. Ware, "a poor little hack playwright, who wrote
+anything for anybody."
+
+March of 1853 found Lola Montez fulfilling an engagement at the
+Variétés Theatre, St. Louis. Kate Field, the daughter of the
+proprietor, wrote a letter on the subject to her aunt.
+
+     "Well, Lola Montez appeared at father's theatre last night
+     for the first time. The theatre was crowded from parquet to
+     doors. She had the most beautiful eyes I ever saw. I liked
+     her very much; but she performed a dumb girl, so I cannot
+     say what she would do in speaking characters."
+
+During this engagement Lola apparently proved a little _difficile_,
+for her critic adds: "She is trying to trouble father as much as
+possible."
+
+Lola certainly was apt to "trouble" people with whom she came into
+contact. As an accepted "star," she had a high sense of her own
+importance and considered herself above mere rules. Once, when
+travelling from Niagara to Buffalo by train, she elected to sit in the
+baggage car and puff a cigarette. "While," says a report, "thus
+cosily ensconced, she was discovered by the conductor and promptly
+informed by him that such behaviour was not permitted. Thereupon,
+Madame replied that it was her custom to travel where and how she
+pleased, and that she had frequently horse-whipped much bigger men
+than the conductor. This settled the matter, for the company's officer
+did not care to challenge the tigress."
+
+The visit to Buffalo was crowned with success. "Lola Montez," declared
+the _Troy Budget_, "has done what Mrs. McMahon failed to
+accomplish--she positively charmed the Buffaloes. This can perhaps be
+attributed to her judicious choice of the ex-Reverend Chauncey Burr,
+by whom she is accompanied on her tour in the capacity of
+business-manager."
+
+The choice of an "ex-Reverend" to conduct a theatrical tour seems,
+perhaps, a little odd. Still, as Lola once remarked: "It is a common
+enough thing in America for a bankrupt tradesman or broken-down jockey
+to become a lawyer, a doctor, or even a parson." Hence, from the
+pulpit to the footlights was no great step.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIV
+
+THE "GOLDEN WEST"
+
+
+I
+
+As this was before the days when actresses in search of publicity
+announce that they are _not_ going to Hollywood, Lola had to hit on a
+fresh expedient to keep her name in the news. Ever fertile of
+resource, the one she now adopted was to give out that this would be
+her "positively last appearance, as she was abandoning the stage and
+becoming a nun." The scheme worked, and the box-office coffers were
+filled afresh. But Lola did not take the veil. Instead, she took a
+trip to California, sailing by the Isthmus route in the summer of
+1853.
+
+A ridiculous book, _The Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole_, with an
+introductory puff by a windbag, W. H. Russell, has a reference to this
+project:
+
+     Came one day Lola Montez, in the full zenith of her evil
+     fame, bound for California, with a strange suite. A
+     good-looking, bold woman, with fine, bad eyes and a
+     determined bearing; dressed ostentatiously in perfect male
+     attire, with shirt collar turned down over a lapelled coat,
+     richly worked shirt front, black hat, French unmentionables,
+     and natty polished boots with spurs. She carried in her hand
+     a riding-whip.... An impertinent American,
+     presuming--perhaps not unnaturally--upon her reputation,
+     laid hold jestingly of the tails of her long coat; and, as a
+     lesson, received a cut across his face that must have marked
+     him for some days. I did not wait to see the row that
+     followed, and was glad when the wretched woman rode off on
+     the following morning.
+
+Russell was not a fellow-passenger in the ship by which Lola
+travelled. Somebody else, however, who did happen to be one, gives a
+very different description of her conduct on the journey:
+
+"We had not been at sea one day," says Mrs. Knapp, "before all the
+saloon occupants were charmed by this lovely young woman. Her vivacity
+was infectious, and her _abandon_ was always of a specially airy
+refinement."
+
+The arrival of Lola Montez at San Francisco would have eclipsed that
+of any Hollywood heroine of the present era. A vast crowd, headed by
+the City Fathers, "in full regalia," gathered at the quay. Flags
+decked the public buildings; guns fired a salute; bands played; and
+the schoolchildren were assembled to strew her path with flowers as
+she stepped down the gangway; and, "to the accompaniment of ringing
+cheers," the horses were taken from her carriage, which was dragged by
+eager hands through the streets to her hotel. "The Countess
+acknowledged the reception accorded her with a graceful inclination."
+
+"What if Europe has exiled her?" demanded an editorial. "This is of no
+consequence. After all, she is Lola Montez, acknowledged Mistress of
+Kings! She is beautiful above other women; she is gorgeous; she is
+irresistible; and we are genuinely proud to welcome her."
+
+Enveloped in legend, the reputation of the newcomer for "eccentricity"
+had preceded her. She lived up to this reputation, too, for, when the
+spirit moved her (and it did so quite often), she would dance in the
+beer gardens "for fun"; she had her hair cut short, when other women
+were affecting chignons; and--wonder of wonders--she would "actually
+smoke cigarettes in public." Clearly, a trifle ahead of her period.
+
+By the way, while she was in San Francisco, Lola is said to have
+renewed her acquaintance with the mysterious Jean François Montez,
+who, during the interval since they last met, had turned over a fresh
+leaf and was now married. But according to a chronicler: "The family
+felicity very soon succumbed to the lure of the lovely Lola." Without,
+too, any support for the assertion, a contributor of theatrical gossip
+dashed off an imaginative column, in which he declared her, among
+other things, to have been "the petted companion of Louis Napoleon";
+and also "the idolised dancer of the swells and wits of the capitals
+of the Old World, with the near relatives of royalty and the beaux of
+Paris for her intimates."
+
+This was going too far. Lola, much incensed, shook her dog-whip and
+threatened reprisals.
+
+"What's the matter with you?" demanded the journalist, astonished at
+the outburst, "it's good publicity, isn't it?"
+
+"Yes, but not the sort I want," was the response.
+
+Still, whether she wanted it, or not, Lola was soon to have a good
+deal more "publicity." This was because she suddenly appeared with a
+husband on her arm.
+
+Although the bridegroom, Patrick Purdy Hull, was a fellow-editor, the
+_Daily Alta_, of California, considered that the news value of the
+event was not worth more than a couple of lines:
+
+     "On the 2nd inst. Lola Montez and P. P. Hull, Esq., of this
+     city (and late of the _San Francisco Whig_) were married at
+     the Mission Dolores."
+
+Obviously regarding this as a somewhat meagre allowance, a New York
+journal furnished fuller details:
+
+     Among the recent domestic happenings of the times in
+     California, the marriage of the celebrated Lola Montez will
+     attract most attention. This distinguished lady has again
+     united herself in the bonds of wedlock, the happy young man
+     being Patrick Purdy Hull, Esq., formerly of Ohio, and for
+     the past four years employed in the newspaper business in
+     San Francisco.
+
+     Mr. Hull was a fellow-passenger with the fascinating
+     Countess on her trip to California; and the acquaintance
+     then formed fast ripened into an attachment which
+     terminated fatally to his bachelorhood. The nuptials were
+     consummated [_sic_] at the Holy Church of the Mission
+     Dolores in the presence of a highly respectable gathering of
+     prominent citizens.
+
+[Illustration: _The "Spider Dance." Cause of much criticism_]
+
+The "prominent citizens" included "Governor Wainwright, Judge Wills,
+Captain McMichael, Mr. and Mrs. Clayton, and Beverley Saunders, Esq."
+An attempt was made to keep the ceremony secret; and, with this end in
+view, the invited guests were pledged not to divulge it beforehand. On
+the previous evening Captain McMichael, being something of a
+tactician, announced to them: "We do not yet know for certain that the
+affair will ever come off, and we may all be jolly well sold." When
+they assembled at the Mission Church, it looked as if this would
+happen, as neither of the couple appeared. Suddenly, however, they
+drove up in a carriage and entered the church. The "blushing bride,"
+says a reporter who had hidden behind a pillar, "carried a bouquet of
+orange blossoms, and the organ played 'The Voice that breathed o'er
+Eden'"; and another chronicler adds: "On the conclusion of the
+ceremony, all adjourned to partake of a splendid spread, with wine and
+cigars _ad lib._" But this was not all, for: "Governor Wainwright,
+giving a significant wink, kissed the new-made bride, Mrs. Hull. His
+example was promptly followed by Mr. Henry Clayton, 'just to make the
+occasion memorable,' he said. 'Such is the custom of my country,'
+remarked Madame Lola. She was not kissed by anybody else, but she none
+the less had a pleasant word for all."
+
+
+II
+
+It was at Sacramento that Lola and her new husband began their married
+life. The conditions of the town were a little primitive just then;
+and even in the principal hotel the single guests were expected to
+sleep in dormitories. The cost of board and lodging (with bed in a
+bunk) was 150 dollars a week. As for the "board," standing items on
+the daily menu would be boiled leg of grizzly bear, donkey steak, and
+jack-rabbit. "No kickshaws" was the proud boast of every chef.
+
+In addition to his editorial labours (which were not unduly exacting),
+Hull was employed by the Government on census work, preparing
+statistics of the rapidly increasing population. But Lola, much to his
+annoyance, did not add to his figures for the Registrar-General's
+return. The footlights proved a stronger lure than maternity; and,
+almost immediately after her marriage, she accepted an engagement at
+one of the theatres, where she appeared as Lady Teazle. A countess in
+that part of the world being a novelty, the public rallied to the
+box-office in full force and "business" was phenomenal. Still,
+competition there, as elsewhere. Some of it, too, of a description
+that could not be ignored. Thus, Ole Bull was giving concerts at the
+Opera House, and causing hardened diggers to shed tears when he played
+"Home Sweet Home" to them on his violin; Edwin Booth, "supported by a
+powerful company," was mouthing Shakespeare, and tearing passion to
+tatters in the process; and a curious freak, billed as "Zoyara, the
+Hermaphrodite" (with a "certificate of genuineness, as to her
+equestrian skill and her virtues as a lady, from H.M. the King of
+Sardinia") was cramming the circus to capacity every afternoon and
+evening. Yet, notwithstanding His Majesty's "certificate," it is a
+fact that its recipient "married" a woman member of the troupe. "The
+long sustained deception has been dropped," says a paragraphist, "and
+the young man who assumed the name of 'Madame Zoyara' is now to be
+seen in correct masculine attire."
+
+Still, despite all this, Lola kept her public. After all, a countess
+was a countess. But, before long, there was a difference of opinion
+with the manager of the theatre in which she was appearing. Lola, who
+never brooked criticism, had "words" with him. High words, as it
+happened; and, flourishing her whip in his face, she tore up her
+contract and walked out of the building.
+
+"Get somebody else," she said. "I'm through."
+
+The difference of opinion appears to have arisen because Lola elected
+to consider herself "insulted" by a member of the audience while she
+was dancing, and the manager had not taken her part. The next evening,
+accordingly, she made a speech in public, giving him a "bit of her
+mind." The result was, declared the _San Francisco Alta_, "the
+Countess came off the victor, bearing away the _bravas_ and bouquets.
+At the conclusion of her address she was hailed by thunderous cheers,
+amid which she smiled sweetly, dropped a curtsey, and retired
+gracefully."
+
+Much to their surprise, those who imagined that the honours of the
+evening went to Lola read in the next issue of the _Californian_ that
+"the applause was all sham, the paid enthusiasm of a hired house."
+This was more than flesh and blood could stand. At any rate, it was
+more than Lola could stand; and she sent the editor a fierce letter,
+challenging him to a duel. "I must request," was its last passage,
+"that this affair of honour be arranged by your seconds as soon as
+possible, as my time is quite as valuable as your own: MARIE DE
+LANDSFELD-HULL (LOLA MONTEZ)."
+
+The editor of the _Californian_ did not accept the suggestion. Instead, he
+applied the necessary balm, and the pistols-for-two-and-coffee-for-one
+order was countermanded.
+
+
+III
+
+A woman of moods, when Lola made a change, it was a complete one. She
+made one now. The artificiality of the towns, with their false
+standards and atmosphere of pretence, had begun to pall. She wanted to
+try a fresh _milieu_. Everybody was talking just then of Grass Valley,
+a newly opened-up district, set amid a background of the rugged
+Sierras, where gangs of miners were delving for gold in the bowels of
+Mother Earth, and, if half the accounts were true, amassing fortunes.
+Why not go there and see for herself? It would at least be a novel
+experience.
+
+No sooner said than done. Hiring a mule team and wagon, and
+accompanied by Patrick Hull, she started off on a preliminary tour of
+inspection of the district.
+
+Travelling was unhurried in those leisurely days. There were several
+stoppages; and the roads were rough, and long detours had to be made
+to avoid yawning canyons. "At the end of two weeks from the time they
+left Sacramento behind them, Pat Hull and his charming bride wheeled
+across the mountains into Grass Valley."
+
+"There were about 1600 people in the township of Marysville at this
+period," says a chronicler, "and 1400 of them were of the masculine
+sex. The prospect of sudden riches was the attraction that drew them.
+England and the Continent were represented by some of the first
+families. A dozen were graduates of Oxford and Cambridge; there were
+two young relatives of Victor Hugo; there were a number of scions of
+the impoverished nobility of Bohemia; and several hundred Americans.
+Among the latter was William Morris Stewart, a Marysville lawyer, who
+was afterwards to become a senator and attorney-general."
+
+Grass Valley at this period (the autumn of 1853) was little more than
+a wilderness. The nearest town of any size was Nevada City, fringed by
+the shadows of the lofty Sierras. Between the gulches had sprung up as
+if by magic a forest of tented camps and tin-roofed shanties, with
+gambling-booths and liquor saloons by the hundred, in which bearded
+men dug hard by day, and played faro and monte and drank deep by
+night. Fortunes were made--and spent--and nuggets were common
+currency. The cost of living was very high. But it cost still more to
+be ill, since a grain of gold was the accepted tariff for a grain of
+quinine.
+
+The whole district was a melting-pot. Attracted by the prospect of the
+precious metal that was to be wrung from it, there had drifted into
+the Valley a flotsam and jetsam, representatives of all nations and of
+all callings. As was natural, Americans in the majority; but, with
+them, Englishmen and Frenchmen and Germans and Italians, plus an
+admixture of Chinamen and Kanakas; also an undesirable element of
+deserters from ships and convicts escaped from Australia. To keep them
+in some sort of order, rough justice was the rule. Mayors and sheriffs
+had arbitrary powers, and did not hesitate to employ them. Judge Lynch
+was supreme; and a length of hemp dangling from a branch was part of
+the equipment of every camp.
+
+With a full knowledge of all these possible drawbacks, Lola Montez
+looked upon Grass Valley and saw that it was good. Perhaps the Bret
+Harte atmosphere appealed to her. At any rate, she decided to settle
+down there temporarily; and, with this end in view, she persuaded Hull
+to buy a six-roomed cottage just above Marysville.
+
+When Lola Montez--for all that she had a wedding-ring on her finger,
+she still stuck to the name--arrived there with her new husband, the
+conditions of life in Grass Valley were a little primitive. A
+telegraph service did not exist; and letters were collected and
+delivered irregularly. Transport with the outer world was by stage
+coach and mule and pony express. Whisky had to come round by Cape
+Horn; sugar from China; and meat and vegetables from Australia. The
+fact was, the early settlers were much too busily employed extracting
+nuggets and gold dust to concern themselves with the production of any
+other commodity.
+
+Mrs. Dora Knapp, a neighbour of Lola Montez in Grass Valley at this
+period, has contributed some reminiscences of her life there:
+
+     "We, who knew of her gay career among the royalty and
+     nabobs, were astonished that she should have gone to the
+     camp. She frequently had letters from titled gentlemen in
+     Europe, begging her to come back and live on their rich
+     bounty. It was simply because she was weary of splendour and
+     fast living that the Countess turned with such fondness to
+     life in a mining camp."
+
+To Patrick Hull, however, the attractions of the district were not so
+obvious. Ink was in his blood. He wanted to get back to his editorial
+desk, preferring the throbbing of printing presses to the rattle of
+spades and picks and the clanking of drills. Nor did "love in a
+cottage" appeal to him. When Lola refused to give up Grass Valley, he
+developed a fit of sulks and turned to the whisky bottle for
+consolation.
+
+Under the circumstances, matrimonial bliss was impossible. Such a life
+was a cat and dog one. Its end arrived very soon.
+
+"Lola Montez and her new husband," says the knowledgeable Mrs. Knapp,
+"had not lived together more than a few months before trouble began.
+When two such spirits came together, there was bound to be a clash.
+The upshot was that one day Lola pushed Patrick down the stairs,
+heaved his grip out of the window and ordered him to quit."
+
+Mr. Hull, who could take a hint as well as any man, did "quit." He did
+more. He took to his bed and expired. "In his native state," says a
+tearful obituary, "he was respected and loved by a large circle. The
+family of Manuel Guillen (in whose house he lay), inspired by a
+sentiment of genuine benevolence, bestowed upon him all the tender
+watchfulness due to a beloved son and brother; and nothing was omitted
+that promised cure or promoted comfort."
+
+But this was not until some time after he had received his abrupt
+_congé_ from Lola Montez.
+
+Once more, Lola had drawn a blank in the matrimonial market.
+
+
+IV
+
+With Adrienne Lecouvreur, Lola Montez must often have asked herself,
+_Que faire au monde sans aimer?_ "Living without loving" had no appeal
+for her. Hence, she was soon credited (or discredited) with a fresh
+_liaison_. This time her choice fell on a German baron, named Kirke,
+who also happened to be a doctor. There was a special bond between
+them, for he had come from Munich, and could thus awaken memories and
+tell her of Ludwig, of Fritz Peissner and the other good comrades of
+the _Alemannia_, and of the house in the Barerstrasse where she had
+once queened it.
+
+"This fourth adventure in matrimony was," says a chronicler,
+"copiously consummated." An odd choice of words. But, successful or
+not, it was short-lived. One fine day the baron took his gun with him
+into the forest. He did not return. "Killed in a shooting accident" (a
+fairly common occurrence in the Wild West at that period) was the
+coroner's verdict. As a result, Lola was once more without a masculine
+protector.
+
+The position was not devoid of an element of danger, for the district
+swarmed with lawless gangs, to whom a woman living by herself was
+looked upon as fair prey. But Lola was not disturbed. She had plenty
+of courage. She knew, too, that the miners had formed themselves into
+a "guard of honour," and that it would have gone ill with anybody
+attempting to molest her. If the diggers were rough, they were
+chivalrous.
+
+In response to a general invitation from the camp, Lola more than once
+gave an exhibition of her quality as a _danseuse_. Although the charge
+for admission was a hundred dollars, the hall where she appeared was
+always crammed to the doors. She expanded out, too, in other
+directions; and a picturesque account of her life at this period says
+that she slept under the stars ("canopy of heaven" was the writer's
+more poetical way of putting it) and wore woollen underclothing
+knitted by herself. Another detail declares that she held a "weekly
+soirée in her cottage, attended by the upper circles of the camp, a
+court of littérateurs and actors and wanderers"; and that among the
+regular guests were "two nephews of Victor Hugo, a quartet of
+cashiered German barons, and a couple of shady French counts."
+Obviously, a somewhat mixed gathering. For all this, however, the
+receptions were "merely convivial assemblies, with champagne and other
+wine, served with cake and fruit _ad lib_, and everyone smoked. The
+two Hugo neighbours were always there, as well as a son of Preston
+Brooks, the South Carolina congressman. A dozen of us looked forward
+to attending these _salons_, which we called 'experience-meetings.'
+Senator William M. Stewart, then a young lawyer in Nevada, said he
+used to count the days between each. Every song, every story, every
+scrap of humour or pathos that any of the young men came across would
+be preserved for the next gathering. Occasionally, our charming
+hostess would have a little fancy-dress affair at the cottage, and,
+clad in the fluffy and abbreviated garments she had once worn on the
+stage, show us that she still remembered her dancing-steps."
+
+When not engaged in these innocent relaxations, Lola would give
+herself up to other pursuits. Thus, she hunted and fished and shot,
+and often made long trips on horseback through the forests and sage
+bush. Having a fondness for all sorts of animals, on one such
+expedition she captured a bear cub, with which she returned to her
+cabin and set herself to tame. While thus employed, she was visited by
+a wandering violinist, who, falling a victim to her charms, begged a
+lock of her hair as a souvenir of the occasion. Thereupon, Lola,
+always anxious to oblige, struck a bargain with him. "I have," she
+said, "a pet grizzly in my orchard. If you will wrestle with him for
+three minutes, you shall have enough of my hair to make a bow for your
+fiddle. Let me see what you can do." The challenge was accepted; and
+the amorous violinist, merely stipulating that the animal should be
+muzzled, set to work and secured the coveted guerdon.
+
+Something of a risk, perhaps. Still, it would have been a more serious
+one if Lola had kept a rattlesnake.
+
+Appearances are deceptive, and Bruin was less domesticated than Lola
+imagined. One day, pining perhaps for fresh diet, he grappled with his
+mistress and bit her hand. The incident attracted a laureate on the
+staff of the _California Chronicle_, who, in Silas Wegg fashion,
+"dropped into verse:"
+
+     LOLA AND HER PET
+
+    One day when the season was drizzly,
+      And outside amusements were wet,
+    Fair Lola paid court to her Grizzly
+      And undertook petting her pet.
+
+    But, ah, it was not the Bavarian
+      Who softened so under her hand,
+    No ermined King octogenarian,
+      But Bruin, coarse cub of the land.
+
+    So, all her caresses combatting
+      He crushed her white slender hand first,
+    Refusing his love to her patting,
+      As she had refused hers to _Pat_!
+
+    Oh, had her pet been him whose glory
+      And title were won on the field,
+    Less bloodless had ended this story,
+      More easy her hand had been _Heald_!
+
+This doggerel was signed "F.S.", initials which masked the identity of
+Frank Soule, the editor of the _Chronicle_.
+
+
+V
+
+Never without her dog-whip, Lola took it with her to her cottage in
+Grass Valley. There she soon found a use for it. A journalist, in a
+column account of her career, was ungallant enough to finish by
+enquiring "if she were the devil incarnate?" As the simplest method of
+settling the problem, "Lola summoned the impertinent scribbler and
+gave him such a hiding that he had no doubts left at all."
+
+Shortly afterwards, there was trouble with another representative of
+the press. This was with one Henley Shipley, the editor of the
+_Marysville Herald_, who, notwithstanding that they were "regularly
+attended by the _élite_ of the camp," had described her "Wednesday
+soirées" as "disgraceful orgies, inimical to our fair repute."
+Thereupon, says a sympathiser, the aspersed hostess "took her whip to
+him, and handed out a number of stinging and well merited cuts."
+
+The opportunity being too good to miss, the editor of the _Sacramento
+Union_ set to work and rushed out a special edition, with a long
+description of the incident:
+
+     This forenoon our town was plunged into a state of ludicrous
+     excitement by the spectacle of Madame Lola Montez rushing
+     through Mill Street, with a lady's delicate riding whip in
+     one hand and a copy of the _Marysville Herald_ in the other,
+     vowing vengeance on "that scoundrel of an editor," etc. She
+     met him at the Golden Gate Saloon, a crowd, on the _qui
+     vive_, following in her footsteps. Having struck at him with
+     her whip, she then applied woman's best weapon--her tongue.
+     Meanwhile, her antagonist kept most insultingly cool. All
+     her endeavours being powerless, the "Divine Lola" appealed
+     to the miners, but the only response was a burst of
+     laughter. Mr. Shipley, the editor, then retired in triumph,
+     having, by his calmness, completely worn down his fair
+     enemy.
+
+     The immediate cause of the fracas was the appearance of
+     sundry articles, copied from the _New York Times_, referring
+     to the "Lola Montez-like insolence, bare-faced hypocrisy,
+     and effrontery of Queen Christina of Spain." The entire
+     scene was decidedly rich.
+
+One can well imagine it.
+
+Never prepared to accept hostile criticism without a protest, Lola
+sent her own version of the occurrence to a rival organ:
+
+     "This morning, November 21," she wrote, "the newspaper was
+     handed me as usual. I scanned it over with little interest,
+     saw a couple of abusive articles, not mentioning me by name,
+     but, as I was afterwards told, had been prepared by the
+     clever pen of this great statesman of the future, and
+     present able writer, as a climax and extinguisher to all the
+     past and future glories of Lola Montez. I wonder if he
+     thought I should come down with a cool thousand or two, to
+     stock up his fortune and cry 'Grace, Grace!'
+
+     "This is the only attempt at blackmail I have been subjected
+     to in California, and I hope it will be the last. On I read
+     the paper till I saw my name in good round English, and the
+     allusions to my 'bare-faced hypocrisy and insolence.'
+     Europe, hear this! Has not the 'hypocrisy' been on the
+     other side? What were you thinking of, Alexandra Dumas,
+     Beringer, Méry, and all my friends when you told me my fault
+     lay in my too great kindness? Shipley has judged me at last
+     to be a hypocrite. To avenge you, I, bonnet on head and whip
+     in hand--that whip which was never used but on a horse--this
+     time to be disgraced by falling on the back of an ASS....
+     The spirit of my Irish ancestors (I being three-quarter
+     Irish and Spanish and Scotch) took possession of my hand;
+     and, on the most approved Tom Sayers principles, I took his,
+     on which--thanks to some rings I had--I made a cutting
+     impression. This would-be great smiter ended the combat with
+     a certain amount of abuse, of which--to do him justice--he
+     is a perfect master. _Sic transit gloria_ SHIPLEY! Alas,
+     poor Yorick!"
+
+[Illustration: _Lola Montez, in "Lola in Bavaria." A "Play with a
+Purpose"_]
+
+The atmosphere of Grass Valley could scarcely be described as
+tranquil. Its surface was always being ruffled; and it was not long
+before Lola was again embroiled in a collision with one of her
+neighbours. This time she had a passage at arms with a Methodist
+minister in the camp, the Rev. Mr. Wilson, who, with a sad lack of
+Christian charity, informed his flock that this new member among them
+was "a feminine devil devoid of shame, and that the 'Spider Dance' in
+her repertoire was an outrage." There were limits to clerical
+criticism. This was clearly one of them. As she could not take her
+whip to a clergyman, she took herself. "Resolved to teach the Rev.
+Wilson a lesson, she called on him in her dancing dress, while he was
+conducting a confirmation class."
+
+"Without," says a member of the gathering, "any preliminaries beyond
+saying 'Good afternoon,' she proceeded to execute the dance before the
+astonished gaze of the company. Then turning to the minister, she
+said, 'The next time you think fit to make me and this dance a subject
+for a pulpit discourse, perhaps you will know better what you are
+talking about.' She then took her departure, before the reverend
+gentleman could sufficiently collect his senses to say or do
+anything."
+
+But, notwithstanding these breaks in its monotony, Lola felt that she
+was not really adapted to the routine of Grass Valley. Once more, the
+theatre called her. Answering the call, she went back to it. But on
+the return journey she did not take Patrick Hull. She also shed the
+name he had given her, and resumed that of Countess of Landsfeld.
+
+"It looks better on the bills," she said, when she discussed plans for
+a prospective tour.
+
+The _Grass Valley Telegraph_ gave her a good "send off" in a fulsome
+column; and the miners presented her with a "farewell gift" in the
+form of a nugget. "Rough, like ourselves," said their spokesman, "but
+the genuine article."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XV
+
+"DOWN UNDER"
+
+
+I
+
+This time Lola was going further afield. A long way further. Two
+continents had already been exploited. Now she would discover what a
+fresh one held.
+
+Her plan was to leave the Stars and Stripes for the Southern Cross. As
+an initial step, "she sold her jewels for 20,000 dollars to the madam
+of a fashionable brothel." Having thus secured adequate funds, she
+assembled a number of out-of-work actors and actresses and engaged
+them to accompany her on a twelve months' tour in Australia. Except
+for Josephine Fiddes (who was afterwards to understudy Adah Isaacs
+Menken, of _Mazeppa_ renown) and, perhaps, her leading man, Charles
+Follard, they were of a distinctly inferior calibre.
+
+The departure from California was duly notified in a paragraph sent
+round the press:
+
+"We beg to inform our readers and the public generally that on June 6
+the celebrated Lola Montez left San Francisco, at the head of a
+theatrical troupe of exceptional talent, bound for distant Australia.
+The public in the Antipodes may confidently look forward to a rare
+treat."
+
+The voyage across the Pacific being in a sailing vessel, was a longish
+one and occupied nearly ten weeks from start to finish. However,
+anchor was dropped at last; and on August 23, 1855, a "colossal
+attraction" was announced in "Lola Montez in Bavaria" at the Victoria
+Theatre, Sydney. There, thanks to the interest aroused by her exploits
+in other parts of the world, the newcomer was assured of a good
+reception.
+
+But theatrical stars were always accorded a special measure of
+deference by the colonists. Thus, Miss Catherine Hayes, who was
+playing at an opposition house, was invited to luncheon by the Bishop
+of Sydney and to dinner by the Attorney-General; and a Scottish
+conjurer, "Professor" Anderson, was given an "address of welcome" by
+the Town Council.
+
+While these particular honours were not enjoyed by Lola (who, for some
+reason best known to herself, had elected to be entered in the
+passenger-list as "Madam Landsfeld Heald"), she was none the less
+accorded considerable publicity. "The eccentric and much advertised
+Lola Montez," said the _Herald_ on the morning after her New South
+Wales début, "pounces upon us direct from California, and the
+excitement of her visit is emptying the opposition theatre. Last night
+the Countess looked positively charming and acted very archly.... On
+the fall of the curtain, she presented Mr. Lambert (who played the
+King of Bavaria) with an elegant box of cigarettes."
+
+Naturally enough, the star was interviewed by the journalists. "At the
+Victoria Theatre," says one of them, "I was privileged to have a talk
+with Madame Lola after the performance had concluded. I found
+her--much to my surprise--to be a very simple-mannered, well-behaved,
+cigar-loving young lady."
+
+An odd picture of Sydney audiences is given by the author of _Southern
+Lights and Shadows_. "The young ladies of Australia," he says, "are in
+many respects remarkable. At thirteen they have more ribbons, jewels,
+and lovers than any other young ladies of the same age. They prattle
+insipidly from morning to night. The first time I visited a theatre I
+sat next one of them who had at least half a dozen rings worn over her
+gloves.... The affectation of _ton_ among them is astonishing. They
+are special patrons of the drama, and, on the appearance of a star,
+they flock to the dress circle in hundreds. The pit is generally well
+filled with a display of shirt-sleeves, pewter pots, and babies. The
+upper boxes are usually given up to that division of the community
+partial to pink bonnets and cheeks to match; and flirtations are
+carried on in the most flagrant and unblushing manner."
+
+The author of this sketch also has something to say about Sydney as a
+town:
+
+"One part of George Street is as much like Bond Street in London as it
+is possible for one place to resemble another. Like Bond Street, too,
+it is hourly paraded by the Bucks and Brummels of the Colony. The Café
+François is much frequented by the young swells and sprigs of the
+city. Files of _Punch_, _The Times_, sherry coblers, an entertaining
+hostess, and a big-bloused lubberly host are the special points left
+in my recollection. They serve 800 meals a day at this establishment,
+the rent of which is £2,400 a year."
+
+
+II
+
+During this Sydney engagement, Lola, ever interested in the cause of
+charity, organised a "Grand Sebastopol Matinée Performance," the
+proceeds being "for the benefit of our wounded heroes in the Crimea."
+As the cause had a popular appeal, the house was a bumper one.
+Possibly, it was the success of this _matinée_ that led to an
+imaginative chronicler adding: "Our distinguished visitor, Madame Lola
+Montez, Countess of Landsfeld, is, with her full company of Thespians,
+on the point of leaving us for Balaclava. There, at the special
+request of Lord Raglan and Miss Florence Nightingale, she will
+inaugurate a theatre for the enjoyment of our gallant warriors and
+their Allies."
+
+Another odd tit-bit was sent to England by the theatrical
+correspondent of a London paper. This declared that a masculine member
+of her company "jumped into the harbour, mortified at discovering that
+Madame Lola had turned a more friendly face on a younger brother of
+the Duke of Wellington who had followed her to Sydney from Calcutta."
+The artistic temperament.
+
+At intervals, however, other and better established items of news were
+received from Australia and, as opportunity offered, found a niche in
+the London papers. From these it would appear that all was not going
+smoothly with Lola's plans, and that the start of the Antipodean
+venture was somewhat tempestuous.
+
+"In Sydney," says a letter on the subject, "a regrettable fracas
+recently occurred at the theatre where Madame Montez has been playing.
+Stepping in front she endeavoured to quell the uproar by announcing
+that, while she herself 'rather liked a good row,' she would appeal to
+the gallantry of the _gentlemen_ in the pit and gallery to respect the
+wishes of a lady and not interfere with the enjoyment of others by
+interrupting the performance. The request, however, fell on deaf ears.
+The uproar continued for some time, and was much increased by the
+actors and actresses squabbling among themselves on the stage."
+
+There was a good deal of "squabbling" among the company. Its members
+were not a happy family. They had been engaged by their principal to
+support her. Instead, however, of rendering such support, a number of
+them did all they could to wreck the tour. Thereupon, Lola, adopting
+strong measures, discharged the malcontents and left for Melbourne by
+the next steamer. That she was justified in her action is clear from a
+letter which her solicitors sent to the Press:
+
+     "Our client, Madam Lola Montez, was unwise enough to engage,
+     at enormous cost to herself, a very inferior company in
+     California. Before starting, she made large advances to
+     every one of them; paid their passages from America (where
+     they were nearly all heavily in debt) to Australia; and
+     trusted that, in return for her immense outlay, she would at
+     least receive efficient assistance from them. But this band
+     of obscure performers not only loaded her with insults while
+     they continued to live on her, but on their arrival in
+     Sydney they one and all refused to discharge their allotted
+     tasks."
+
+     "When Madam Montez (not unnaturally irritated by such
+     conduct) proposed, through us, to cancel their agreements on
+     reasonable terms, they insisted on the fulfilment of the
+     contract which they themselves had been the first to break,
+     and made claims upon her amounting to about £12,000. This
+     _moderate_ demand being very properly refused by our client,
+     they secured an order for her arrest in respect of a number
+     of separate actions. Only one of these (a claim for £100)
+     was lodged in time for a warrant to be issued. When,
+     furnished with this, Mr. Brown, the sheriff's officer,
+     appeared on board the steamer, Madam tendered him £500,
+     which, however, he refused to accept, insisting that she
+     should also settle the various other claims for which he did
+     not have warrants. Our client refused to leave the vessel,
+     for which refusal, we, as her solicitors, are quite willing
+     to accept responsibility."
+
+The fact that there was talk of instituting proceedings against the
+captain of the steamer and his subordinates led the solicitors to add
+a postscript:
+
+     "Those who governed the movements of the _Watarah_ are ready
+     to answer for their conduct. They saw a lady threatened with
+     arrest at the last moment for a most unjust claim, tendering
+     five times the amount demanded, and having that offer
+     refused. Hence, they did not feel called upon to interfere."
+
+Another account of the episode is a little different. This declares
+that, just before starting from Sydney, she "dismissed with a
+blessing" two members of the company. As they wanted something more
+easily negotiable, they issued a writ of attachment. When the
+sheriff's officer attempted to serve it: "Madame Lola, ever ready for
+the fray, retired to her cabin and sent word that she was quite naked,
+but that the sheriff could come and take her if he wanted to." An
+embarrassing predicament; and, unprepared to grapple with it, "Poor
+Mr. Brown blushed and retired amid roars of laughter."
+
+Having thus got the better of the Sydney lawyers, and filled up the
+vacancies in her company with fresh and more amenable recruits, Lola
+reached the Victorian capital without further adventure. A picture of
+the city, as it was when she landed there, is given by a contemporary
+author:
+
+     "Melbourne is splendid. Fine wide streets, finer and wider
+     than almost any in London, stretch away for miles in every
+     direction. At any hour of the day thousands of persons may
+     be observed scurrying along them with true Cheapside
+     bustle." The Melbourne youth, however, appears to have been
+     precocious. "I was delighted," remarks this authority, "with
+     the Colonial young stock. The average Australian boy is a
+     slim, olive-complexioned young rascal, fond of Cavendish,
+     cricket, and chuck-penny, and systematically insolent to
+     girls, policemen, and new chums.... At twelve years of age,
+     having passed through every phase of probationary
+     shrewdness, he is qualified to act as a full-blown bus
+     conductor. In the purlieus of the theatres are supper-rooms
+     (lavish of gas and free-mannered waitresses), and bum-boat
+     shops where they sell play-bills, whelks, oranges, cheroots,
+     and fried fish."
+
+But, notwithstanding the existence of these amenities, all was not
+well where Lola was concerned. The Sydney correspondent of the _Argus_
+had injured her chances of making a favourable impression by writing a
+somewhat imaginative account of her troubles there:
+
+     "I need not tell you that the Montez has gone to Melbourne,
+     as she will have arrived before this letter, and is not the
+     sort of woman to keep her arrival secret. It may not,
+     however, be so generally known that she has made what is
+     colonially termed a 'bolt' from here.... Thinking, perhaps,
+     that Australia was not yet a part of the civilised world,
+     and that a company of players could not be secured here,
+     Madame brought a set of comedians from San Francisco. They
+     were quite useless. More competent help could have been had
+     on the spot."
+
+Lola said nothing. Her leading man however, Mr. Follard, had something
+to say, and wrote a strong letter to the editor:
+
+     "Permit me to state, with all due deference to your
+     correspondent's term 'bolt,' that Madame Lola Montez left
+     quietly and unostentatiously.... The attempt to stop her
+     leaving Sydney and prevent her engagement in Melbourne was
+     an exhibition of meanness at which every honest heart must
+     feel disgusted. Alone, in a strange land, without friends or
+     protector, her position as a woman should in itself have
+     saved her from the unmanly abuse heaped upon her and the
+     contemptible attitude manifested by some of her company."
+
+A second adverse factor against which Lola had to contend in Melbourne
+was that prices had been doubled for her engagement there. This was
+considered a grievance by the public. The difficulty, however,
+adjusted itself, for the programme she offered was one that proved
+specially attractive.
+
+"The highest degree of excitement was," ran the _Herald_ criticism,
+"produced upon visitors to the Theatre Royal by the actual presence of
+this extraordinary and gifted being, with the praises of whose beauty
+and _esprit_ the whole civilised world has resounded.... After
+curtseying with inimitable grace to the audience, the fair _artiste_
+withdrew amidst a fresh volley of cheers."
+
+But Lola, who never missed an opportunity of airing her opinions,
+aired them now:
+
+"At the end of the performance," says a report, "Madame Lola Montez
+was vociferously called and addressed the audience in an animated
+speech, commenting upon some remarks that had been published in a
+certain journal. When a gentleman ventured to laugh while she was
+enumerating the political benefits she had conferred on Bavaria, the
+fair orator promptly informed him that such conduct was not usually
+considered to be courteous."
+
+The Melbourne engagement finished up with a triple bill. The
+principal item was a novelty she had, the "Spider Dance," which Lola
+had brought from America. In this she appeared with hundreds of wire
+spiders sewn on her attenuated ballet skirts; and, when any of them
+fell off, she had to indulge in pronounced wriggles and contortions to
+put them back in position. The accompanying movements of her body were
+held to be by some standards "daring and suggestive." In fact, so much
+so that the representative of the _Argus_ dubbed the number "the most
+libertinish and indelicate performance that could possibly be given on
+the public stage. We feel compelled," he continued solemnly, "to
+denounce in terms of unmeasured reprobation the performance in which
+Madame Montez here figures." Yet, Sir Charles Hotham, the Governor,
+together with Lady Hotham and their guests, had witnessed it without
+sustaining any serious damage. But perhaps they were made of tougher
+material.
+
+The critic of the _Morning Herald_ at this period (understood to be R.
+H. Horne, "the Jules Janin of Melbourne") was either less thin-skinned
+or else more broad-minded than his _Argus_ comrade. At any rate, he
+saw nothing much to call for these strictures. Thinking that the
+newcomer had not been given fair play, he endeavoured to counteract
+the adverse opinion that had been expressed by publishing a laudatory
+one of a column length, in which he declared: "Madame Montez went
+through the entire measure with marked elegance and precision, and the
+curtain fell amid salvoes of well merited applause."
+
+Convinced that here was a critic who really knew his business, and a
+friend on whom she could rely to do her justice, Lola wrote to the
+editor:
+
+     GRAND IMPERIAL HOTEL,
+
+     _September, 1855._
+
+     SIR,
+
+     A criticism of my performance of the "Spider Dance" at the
+     Theatre Royal was published in this morning's _Argus_,
+     couched in such language that I must positively answer it.
+
+     The piety and ultra-puritanism of the _Argus_ might prevent
+     the insertion of a letter bearing my signature. Therefore, I
+     address myself to you.
+
+     The "Spider Dance" is a national one, and is witnessed with
+     delight by all classes in Spain, and by both sexes from
+     Queen to peasant.
+
+     I have always looked upon this dance as a work of high art;
+     and I reject with positive scorn the insinuation of your
+     contemporary that I wish to pander to a morbid taste for
+     what is improper or indelicate.
+
+     I shall be at my post to-morrow evening; and will then adopt
+     a course that will test the value of the opinion advanced by
+     the _Argus_.
+
+[Illustration: _Lola as a Lecturer. From stage to platform_
+
+AUTOBIOGRAPHY
+
+AND
+
+LECTURES
+
+OF
+
+LOLA MONTEZ
+
+COUNTESS OF LANDSFELD]
+
+The promised "course" was merely to deliver a long speech from the
+stage, and ask the audience to decide whether she should give the
+vexed item, or not. The audience were emphatic that she should; and,
+when she had finished, "expressed their views on the subject by
+uttering loud groans for the _Argus_ and lusty cheers for the
+_Herald_."
+
+Honours to Lola!
+
+But the "Spider Dance" was still to prove a source of trouble. The
+next morning a certain Dr. Milton, who had constituted himself a
+champion of morals, appeared at the police-court and applied for a
+warrant for the arrest of Lola Montez, on the grounds that she had
+"outraged decency."
+
+"I am in a position," he declared, "to produce unquestionable evidence
+of the indelicacy of her performance."
+
+"You must take out a summons in the proper fashion," said the
+magistrate, who clearly had no sympathy with busybodies.
+
+But, before he could do so, Dr. Milton found himself served with a
+writ for libel. As a result, nothing more was heard of the matter.
+
+In addition to its Mawworms, of which it was afflicted with an
+appreciable number of specimens, the city of Melbourne would appear
+to have had other drawbacks at this period. According to R. H. Horne,
+local society was somewhat curiously constituted. "There is an
+attempt," he says, "at the nucleus of a 'court circle'; and if the
+Home Government think fit to make a few more Australian knights and
+baronets there may be good hopes for the enlargement of the enchanted
+hoop. The Melbourne 'Almack's' is to be complimented on the moral
+courage with which its directors have resisted the claims for
+admission of some of the wealthy unwashed and other unsuitables. Money
+is not quite everything, even in Melbourne."
+
+There were further strictures on the morals of Victoria, as compared
+with those of New South Wales:
+
+     "The haunts of villainy in Sydney are not surpassed by those
+     in Melbourne; but, with regard to drunkenness and
+     prostitution, the latter place is far worse than Sydney. The
+     Theatre Royal contains within itself four separate
+     drinking-bars. The Café de Paris, in the same building, has
+     two bars. In the theatre itself there is a drinking public
+     every night, especially when the house is crowded. Between
+     every act it is the custom of the audience to rush out for a
+     nobbler of brandy. The only exceptions are the occupants of
+     the dress-circle, more especially when the Governor is
+     present."
+
+By the way, the "List of Beverages" shows that, in proof of her
+popularity, a "Lola Montez Appetiser," consisting of "Old Tom, ginger,
+lemon and hot water," was offered to patrons.
+
+Alcohol was not alone among the objects at which "Orion" Horne tilted.
+He also disapproved of cricket. "The mania," he says, "for bats and
+balls in the boiling sun during last summer exceeded all rational
+excitement. The newspapers caught the epidemic, and, while scarcely
+noticing other far more useful games, they devoted columns upon
+columns to minute accounts of the matches of a hundred different
+clubs. The very walls of Melbourne became infected. On the return of
+the Victorians from Sydney, a reporter for the _Herald_ designated
+them 'the laurelled warriors.' If there is no great harm in this, the
+thing has been carried too far."
+
+It is just as well, perhaps, for Horne's peace of mind that the
+present day value attached to "Ashes" had not arisen, and that an
+Australian XI did not visit England until another twenty years had
+passed.
+
+
+III
+
+After Melbourne, the next step in Lola's itinerary was Geelong. The
+programme she offered there was a generous one, for it included a
+"Stirring drama, entitled, _Maidens, Beware!_ and the elegant and
+successful comedy, _The Eton Boy_," to which were added a "sparkling
+comedietta" and a "laughable farce." This was good value. The Geelong
+critic, however, did not think very much of the principal item in this
+bill. "It has," he observed solemnly, "an impossible plot, with
+situations and sentiments quite beyond the understanding of us
+barbarians."
+
+This supercilious attitude was not shared by the simple-minded
+diggers, who found _Maidens, Beware!_ very much to their taste. But
+nothing else could have been expected, for it offered good measure of
+all the elements that ensure success every time they are employed.
+Thus, the hero is wrongfully charged with a series of offences
+committed by the villain; a comic servant unravels the plot when it
+becomes intricate; and the heroine only avoids "something worse than
+death" by proving that a baronet, "paying unwelcome addresses," (but
+nothing else) has forged a will.
+
+Having a partiality for the society of diggers, with whom she had
+always got on well, Lola next betook herself to Ballarat. It was an
+unpropitious moment for a theatrical venture in that part of the
+world. The atmosphere was somewhat unsettled. The broad arrows and
+ticket-of-leave contingent who made up a large section of the
+community were clamouring for a republic; and there was a considerable
+amount of rioting. A rebel flag had been run up by the mob; and the
+military had to be called out to suppress the activities of the
+"Ballarat Reform League." Still, Lola was not the woman to run away
+from danger. As she had told a Sydney audience, she "rather liked a
+good row."
+
+The coming of Lola Montez to Ballarat was heralded by a preliminary
+paragraph:
+
+     "Our readers will be pleased to learn that the
+     world-renowned Lola, a lady who has had Kings at her beck,
+     and who has caused nearly as much upheaval in the world as
+     Helen of Troy, is about to appear among us. On leaving
+     Melbourne by coach, she presented the booking clerk with an
+     autographed copy of a work by the famous Mrs. Harriet
+     Beecher Stowe. Young gentlemen of Ballarat, look out for
+     your hearts! Havoc will assuredly be played among them."
+
+Her colourful career attracted the laureates. One of them found in it
+inspiration for a ballad, "Lola, of the rolling black eye!" which was
+sung at every music-hall in the Colony. A second effort regarded the
+matter in its graver aspects. The first verse ran as follows:
+
+    She is more to be pitied than censured,
+      She is more to be helped than despised.
+    She is only a lassie who ventured
+      On life's stormy path ill-advised.
+    Do not scorn her with words fierce and bitter,
+      Do not laugh at her shame and downfall,
+    For a moment just stop to consider
+      _That a man was the cause of it all!_
+
+Ludwig of Bavaria had done better than this. A lot better. Annoyed at
+the innuendo it contained, Lola flourished her whip afresh and
+threatened the bard with an action for damages.
+
+The Victoria Theatre, Ballarat (where Lola Montez was to give the
+diggers a sample of her quality), was a newly built house,
+"reflecting," declared an impressed reporter, "every modern elegance.
+In front of the boxes," he continued, "are panels, chastely adorned
+with Corinthian festoons, encircling a gilded eagle emblematic of
+liberty. Above the proscenium is an ellipse, exhibiting the Australian
+coat of arms. The ceiling is ornamented by a dome, round which are
+grouped the nine Muses, and the chandelier is the biggest in the
+Colony. From the dress-circle there is direct communication with the
+adjoining United States Hotel, so that first-class refreshments can be
+procured without the slightest inconvenience. There are six
+dressing-rooms; and Madame Lola Montez has a private and sumptuously
+furnished apartment."
+
+As the repertoire she offered was to include ("by special request")
+the "Spider Dance," she took the precaution of sending a description
+of it to the _Ballarat Star_:
+
+     The characteristic and fascinating SPIDER DANCE has been
+     performed by MADAME LOLA MONTEZ with the utmost success
+     throughout the United States of America and before all the
+     Crowned Heads of Europe.
+
+     This dance, on which malice and envy have endeavoured to fix
+     the stain of immorality, has been given in the other
+     Colonies to houses crammed from floor to ceiling with rank
+     and fashion and beauty. In Adelaide His Excellency the
+     Governor-General, accompanied by Lady McDonnell and quite
+     the most select ladies of the city, accorded it their
+     patronage, while the Free and Accepted Masons did Madame
+     Lola Montez the distinguished honour of attending in full
+     regalia.
+
+It was on February 16, 1856, that Lola Montez opened at Ballarat. A
+generous programme was offered, for it consisted of "the elegant and
+sparkling comedy, _A Morning Call_; the laughable farce, _The
+Spittalsfields Weaver_; the domestic drama, _Raffaelo, the Reprobate_;
+and the Shakespearean tragedy, _Antony and Cleopatra_; all with new
+and sumptuous scenery, dresses, and appointments."
+
+In accordance with the fashion of the period, the star had to recite a
+prologue. An extract from it was as follows:
+
+    'Tis only right some hurried words to say
+    As to the name this theatre bears to-day,
+    For I would have you fully understand
+    I seek for patrons men of every land.
+    'Tis not alone through prejudice has been
+    Attached the name of Britain's virtuous Queen.
+    And may your gen'rous presence and applause
+    Mutual content and happy evenings cause!
+
+But this was merely an introduction. There was more to follow, for the
+"personal" touch had yet to be delivered.
+
+    As for _myself_, you'll find in Lola Montez
+    The study how to please my constant wont is!
+    Yet I am vain that I'm the first star here
+    To shine upon this Thespian hemisphere.
+    And only hope that when I say "Adieu!"
+    You'll grant the same I wish to you--
+    May rich success reward your daily toil,
+    Nor men nor measures present peace despoil,
+    And may I nightly see your pleasant faces
+    With these fair ladies, your attendant Graces!
+
+
+IV
+
+But, despite this auspicious start, all was not set fair at Ballarat.
+As had happened in other places, Lola was to fall foul of a critic who
+had disparaged her. Furiously indignant, and horse-whip in hand, she
+rushed into the editor's office and executed summary vengeance upon
+him.
+
+     "A full account of this remarkable business," announced the
+     opposition journal, "will be given by us to-morrow. Our
+     readers may anticipate a perfect treat." They got it, too,
+     if one can trust the report of a "few choice observations"
+     delivered by Lola to her audience on the second night of her
+     engagement:
+
+     "Ladies and Gentlemen: I am very sure that all of you in
+     this house are my very good friends; and I much regret that
+     I now have a most unpleasant duty to perform. I had imagined
+     that, after all the kindness I have experienced from the
+     miners in California, I should never have had anything
+     painful to say to you. Now, however, I am compelled to do
+     so.
+
+     "I speak to the ladies, as members of my own sex, and to the
+     gentlemen, as my natural protectors. Well, what I have to
+     tell you is that there is a certain gentleman in this town
+     called Seekamp. Just take out the E's, and what is left of
+     his name becomes _Skamp_. Listen to my story, and then judge
+     between us. This Mr. Seekamp, who is the editor of the
+     _Ballarat Times_, actually told me, in the hearing of
+     another lady and two quite respectable gentlemen, that the
+     miners here were a set of ----. No, I really cannot sully my
+     lips with the shocking word he used--and that I was not to
+     believe them.
+
+     "Mr. Seekamp called on me, with a certain proposition, and
+     accepted my hospitality. You all know he is just a little
+     fond of drinking. Well, while he was at my house the sherry,
+     the port, the champagne, and the brandy were never off the
+     table. He ate with me, and he drank with me. In fact, he
+     drank so freely that it was only my self-respect that
+     prevented me having him removed. But I said to myself,
+     'After all, he is an editor; perhaps this is his little
+     way.'
+
+     "Well, I did as Mr. Seekamp wanted, and as a result, I was a
+     ten pound note out of pocket by it. I was green, but I was
+     anxious to avoid making enemies among editors. Yet, when his
+     paper next appears, I am referred to in it as being
+     notorious for my immorality. Notorious, indeed! Why, I defy
+     everybody here, or anywhere else, to say that I am, or ever
+     was, immoral. It's not likely that, if I wanted to be
+     immoral, I should be slaving away and earning my bread by
+     hard work. What do you think?
+
+     "Ladies and Gentlemen, I appeal to you. Is it fair or
+     generous of this Seekamp person to behave to me like this?
+     The truth is, my manager, knowing that he was a
+     good-for-nothing fellow, gave my printing orders to another
+     editor. In revenge, the angry Seekamp says he will hound me
+     from this town. Ladies and Gentlemen, I appeal to you for
+     protection."
+
+"And here," adds the report, "the intrepid Lola retired amid deafening
+applause. Three hearty cheers were given for Madame and three lusty
+groans for her cowardly traducer."
+
+On the following night there was more speech-making. This time, Lola
+complained to the audience that she had been freshly aspersed by the
+objectionable Seekamp. "I offered," she said, "though merely a woman,
+to meet him with pistols, but the cur who attacks a lady's character
+runs away from my challenge. He says he will drive me from the
+Diggings. Well, I intend to turn the tables, and to make Seekamp
+de-camp. I very much regret," she added, "having been compelled to
+assert myself at the expense of Mr. Seekamp, but, really it was not my
+fault. His attacks on my art were most ungentlemanly. I challenged him
+to fight a duel, but the poltroon would not accept."
+
+In the best tradition of the _Eatanswill Gazette_, the _Ballarat Star_
+referred to the _Ballarat Times_ as "our veracious contemporary and
+doughty opponent," and alluded to the "unblushing profligacy of its
+editorial columns." The proprietor of the United States Hotel and the
+solicitor for Lola Montez also sailed into the controversy and
+challenged Mr. Seekamp to "eat his words." That individual, however,
+not caring about such a diet, refused to do anything of the sort.
+
+The matter did not end there, and a number of correspondents took up
+the cudgels on behalf of Lola Montez.
+
+"Is it possible," wrote one of them to the editor of the _Star_, "that
+Mr. Seekamp can, in his endeavour to blacken the fair fame of a woman,
+insinuate that he is also guilty of the most shocking immorality? I
+blush to think it." There was also a letter in a similar strain from
+"John Bull," and another from "An Eton Boy," animadverting upon Mr.
+Seekamp's grammar.
+
+Feeling herself damaged in reputation, Lola's next step was to
+instruct her solicitor to bring an action for libel against Seekamp.
+The magistrate remitted the case to the superior court at Geelong.
+But, as an apology was offered and accepted, nothing more was heard of
+it.
+
+This, however, was not the end of her troubles at Ballarat, for
+horse-whips were again to whistle in the air. But, this time Lola got
+more than she bargained for. She was using her whip on one Mr. Crosby,
+the manager of the theatre there, when that individual's spouse--a
+strong-minded and muscular woman--wrested the weapon from her and laid
+it across her own back.
+
+The account given by an eye-witness is a little different. "At
+Ballarat," he says, "Lola pitched into and cross-buttocked a stalwart
+Amazon who had omitted to show her proper respect."
+
+"Cross-buttocked" would appear to be an expression which, so far, has
+eluded the dictionary-makers.
+
+In other parts of the Colony, however, Lola's reception more than made
+up for any little unpleasantnesses at Ballarat. "Her popularity," says
+William Kelly, an Australian squatter, "was not limited to the stage.
+She was welcomed with rapture on the gold fields, and all the more for
+the liberal fashion in which she 'shouted' when returning the
+hospitality of the diggers. Her pluck, too, delighted them, for she
+would descend the deepest shafts with as much nonchalance as if she
+were entering a boudoir."
+
+From Sandhurst Lola Montez travelled to Bendigo, where the tour
+finished. There, says a pressman, "she lived on terms of the most
+cordial amity with the entire populace, and without a single
+disturbing incident to ruffle the serenity of the intercourse."
+
+
+V
+
+Having completed her tour in Australia, with considerable profit to
+herself, Lola Montez disbanded her company, and, in the autumn of
+1856, returned to Europe. She had several offers from London; but,
+feeling that a rest was well earned, she left the ship at Marseilles
+and took a villa at St. Jean de Luz. While there, she appears to have
+occupied a certain amount of public attention. At any rate, Émile de
+Girardin, thinking it good "copy," reprinted in _La Presse_ a letter
+she had written to the _Estafette_:
+
+     ST. JEAN DE LUZ,
+
+     _September 3, 1856._
+
+     Sir: The French and Belgian papers are announcing as a
+     positive fact that the suicide of Monsieur Mauclerc (who
+     deliberately precipitated himself from the top of the Pic du
+     Midi cliff) was caused by various troubles I had occasioned
+     him. If he were still living, Monsieur Mauclerc would
+     himself, I feel certain, contradict this calumny.
+
+     It is true that we were married; but, finding, after eight
+     days, that our union was not likely to turn out a happy one,
+     we parted by mutual consent. The story of my responsibility
+     for the Pic du Midi business only exists in the imaginative
+     brain of some journalist who revels in supplying tragic
+     details. Anyhow, Mr. Editor, I count upon your sympathy to
+     exculpate me from any share in the melancholy event.--Yours,
+     LOLA MONTEZ.
+
+Mauclerc, however, so far from being dead, was still very much alive,
+and was sunning himself just then at Bayonne. Having read this letter,
+he answered it in the next issue:
+
+     I have just seen in the columns of _La Presse_ a letter from
+     Lola Montez. This gives an account of a deliberate jump from
+     the top of a cliff and of a marriage with myself as the
+     chief actor in each catastrophe. All I have to say about
+     them is that I know nothing of these important occurrences.
+     I assure you, sir, I have never felt any desire to
+     "precipitate" myself, either from the Pic du Midi or from
+     anywhere else; nor have I ever had the distinction of being
+     the husband of the famous Countess of Landsfeld for a matter
+     of even eight days.--MAUCLERC. Artist dramatique.
+
+     _September 9, 1856._
+
+Lola ignored this _démenti_. Possibly, however, she did not read it,
+for she was just then arranging another trip to America.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVI
+
+FAREWELL TO THE FOOTLIGHTS
+
+
+I
+
+Having booked a number of engagements there, in December, 1857, Lola
+landed in New York for the second time. Directly she stepped off the
+ship, she was surrounded by a throng of reporters. Never losing the
+chance of making a speech, she gave them just what they wanted.
+
+"America," she said, as they pulled out their note-books, "is the last
+refuge left the victims of tyranny and oppression in the old world. It
+is the finest monument to liberty ever erected beneath the canopy of
+heaven."
+
+For her reappearance she offered the public _Lola Montez in Bavaria_,
+which had already done good service. By this time, however, it was a
+little frayed.
+
+"The drama represents her as a coquettish and reckless woman," was the
+considered opinion of one critic. "We assure our readers she is
+nothing of the sort."
+
+This testimonial was a help. Still, it could not infuse fresh life
+into a piece that had obviously outlived its popularity. Hence, she
+soon changed the bill for a double one, _The Eton Boy_ and _Follies of
+a Night_. But the cash results were not much better; and when she left
+New York and tried her luck in Boston the week's receipts were
+scarcely two hundred dollars. This, in theatrical parlance, was "not
+playing to the gas."
+
+Realising that she was losing her grip, she cast about for some fresh
+method of attracting the public. It was not long before she hit on
+one. As she was in a democratic country, she would make capital out of
+her "title." A plan was soon matured. This was to hold "receptions,"
+where anybody would be welcome who was prepared to pay a dollar.
+
+A dollar for ten minutes' chat with a genuine countess, and, for
+another 50 cents, the privilege of shaking her hand. A bargain. The
+tariff appealed to thousands. Among them Charles Sumner, the
+distinguished jurist, who declared of Lola Montez that, "She was by
+far the most graceful and delightful woman I ever met."
+
+Her next scheme for raising the financial wind was to employ her pen.
+It was true that her "memoirs," strung together in Paris, had fallen
+flat--owing to the pusillanimity of the editor of _Le Pays_--but a
+full length "autobiography" would, she thought, stand a better
+prospect. Apart, too, from other considerations, there was now more
+material on which to draw. An embarrassing amount of it. She could say
+something--a lot--about the happenings in Bavaria, in France, in
+California, and in Australia. All good stuff, and a field hitherto
+untouched.
+
+The pen, however, being still an unaccustomed weapon, she availed
+herself of outside help; and practically the whole of the
+_Autobiography of Lola Montez_ was written for her (on a
+profit-sharing agreement) by a clerical collaborator, the Rev.
+Chauncey Burr.
+
+The tale of the Odyssey--as set forth in this joint
+production--established contact with glittering circles and the
+breathing of perfumed air. Within its chapters emperors and kings and
+princes jostle one another; scenes shift continually from capital to
+capital; and plots follow counter-plots in breathless fashion. Yet
+those who purchased the volume in the fond belief that it would turn
+out to be the analysis of a modern Aspasia were disappointed. As a
+matter of fact, there was next to nothing in it that would have upset
+a Band of Hope committee-meeting. This, however, was largely because,
+an adept at skating over thin ice, the Rev. Mr. Burr ignored, or
+coloured, such happenings as did not redound to the credit of his
+subject.
+
+[Illustration: _Lola Montez in Middle Life. A characteristic pose_]
+
+The "Autobiography" (alleged) finishes on a high note:
+
+     "Ten years have elapsed since the events with which Lola
+     Montez was connected in Bavaria; and yet the malice of the
+     diffusive and ever vigilant Jesuits is as fresh and as
+     active as it was at the first hour it assailed her. It is
+     not too much to say that few artists of her profession ever
+     escaped with so little censure; and certainly none ever had
+     the doors of the highest social respectability so
+     universally open to them as she had, up to the time she went
+     to Bavaria. And she denies that there was anything in her
+     conduct there which ought to have compromised her before the
+     world. Her enemies assailed her, not because her deeds were
+     bad, but because they knew of no other means to destroy her
+     influence."
+
+Although too modest to acknowledge it, this passage is obviously the
+Rev. Chauncey Burr verbatim.
+
+An offer to serialise part of the "autobiography" in the columns of
+_Le Figaro_ was accepted. In correcting the proofs, Lola still clung
+to the earlier account that had already done service in the "memoirs"
+contributed to _Le Pays_. But she embellished it with fresh
+embroideries. Thus, to keep up the Spanish connection, she now claimed
+as her aunts the Marquise de Pavestra and the Marquise de
+Villa-Palana, together with an equally imaginary Uncle Juan; and she
+also, for the first time, gave her schoolgirl friend, Fanny Nicholls,
+a sister Valerie.
+
+The "autobiography" had originally been accepted for _Le Pays_ by
+Anténon Joly. When, however, shortly afterwards, MM. de la Guéronnière
+and de Lamartine acquired the journal, they repudiated the contract.
+Hence, its transfer to _Le Figaro_. But this organ also developed a
+sudden queasiness, and, after the first few instalments had appeared,
+declined to print the remainder, on the grounds that they were "too
+scandalous." Some time afterwards, Eugéne de Mirecourt, thinking he
+had a bargain, secured the interrupted portions and made them the
+basis of a chapter on Lola Montez in his _Les Contemporains_. This
+chapter is marked throughout by severe disapproval. Thus, it begins:
+
+"The woman who revives in the nineteenth century the scandals of
+Jeanne Vaubernier belongs to our gallery, and the abject materialism
+accompanying her misconduct will be revealed in the pages that
+follow."
+
+De Mirecourt was not too happy in his self-appointed task. Like
+everything else from his pen, the entire section is distinctly
+imaginative. Thus, he declares that Lola, while living in Madrid, was
+"supported by five or six great English lords"; and, among other
+amorous incidents, says that a Brahmin priest fell in love with her;
+that she conducted a "scandalous intrigue" with a young French
+diplomat who was carrying despatches to the Emperor of China; and that
+her husband, Lieutenant James, once intercepted a tender passage
+between herself and a rajah. Further embroideries assert that Lola's
+father was the son of a Lady Gilbert, and that her mother was the
+daughter of a "Moorish warrior who abjured paganism." To this
+rigmarole he adds that she was sent to a boarding-school at Bath, kept
+by a Mrs. Olridge, where she had an early _liaison_ with the
+drawing-master.
+
+It was perhaps as well for de Mirecourt, and others of his kidney,
+that libel actions had not then been added to the perils of
+authorship. Still, if they had, Lola would not have troubled to bring
+one. To take proceedings in America against a man living in France was
+difficult. Also, by this time she was so accustomed to studied
+misrepresentation and deliberate falsehoods that she refused to
+interfere.
+
+"It doesn't matter what people choose to say about me," she remarked
+contemptuously, when she was informed by a friend in Paris of the
+liberties being taken with her name.
+
+Although (except when she took it into her own hands) she liked to
+keep clear of the law, this was not always possible. Such an instance
+occurred in March, 1858, when a Mr. Jobson of New York brought an
+action against her in respect of an alleged debt. The proceedings
+would appear to have been conducted in a fashion that must have been
+peculiar to the time and place; and, in an effort to discredit her,
+she was subjected to a cross-examination that would now be described
+as "third degree."
+
+"Were you not," began the plaintiff's counsel, "born in Montrose, the
+daughter of one Molly Watson?"
+
+When this was denied, he put his next question.
+
+"How many intrigues have you had during your career?"
+
+"None," was the answer.
+
+"We'll see about that, Madam," returned the other, consulting his
+brief. "To begin with, were you not the mistress of King Ludwig?"
+
+"You are a vulgar villain," exclaimed Lola indignantly. "I can swear
+on the Bible, which I read every night, but you don't, that I never
+had what you call an 'intrigue' with him. As a matter of fact, I did
+him a lot of good."
+
+"In what way?" enquired the judge, looking interested.
+
+"Well, I moulded his mind to the love of freedom."
+
+"Before you ran off with your first husband," continued counsel, "were
+you not employed as a chambermaid?"
+
+"Never," was the emphatic response. "And, let me tell you, Mr.
+Attorney, it is not at all a shameful thing to be a chambermaid. If I
+had been born one, I should consider myself a much more distinguished
+woman than I am."
+
+When her own counsel, coming to the rescue, dubbed Mr. Jobson a
+"fellow," there followed, in the words of a reporter, "an unseemly
+fracas." From abuse of one another, the rival attorneys took to
+fisticuffs; the spectators and officials joined in the struggle; and
+an ink pot was hurled by the furious Jobson at the occupants of the
+jury-box. This being considered contempt of court, he was arrested,
+and the judge, gathering up his papers, left the Bench, announcing
+that the further hearing would be adjourned.
+
+
+II
+
+After this experience, Lola developed a fresh activity. Like a modern
+Joan of Arc, she suddenly announced that she heard "Voices," and that,
+on their instructions, she was giving up the stage for the platform.
+Her plans were soon completed; and, on February 3, 1858, she mounted
+the rostrum and made her début as a lecturer, at the Hope Chapel, New
+York.
+
+There were beery chuckles from the reporters who were "covering" this
+effort. "Lola Montez in the chapel pulpit is good fun," was the
+conclusion at which one of them arrived; and another headed his
+column, "A Desperado in Dimity."
+
+Judging from his account of this initial sample (a lecture on
+"Beautiful Women"), the _Tribune_ representative did not regard it
+very seriously:
+
+     "Temperance, exercise, and cleanliness, preached Lola the
+     plucky; light suppers and reasonable hours; jolly long walks
+     in thick boots and snug wrappers for the benefit of the
+     complexion. From these, said Lola, come good digestion, good
+     humour, and good sense. And that's the way, my dear Flora,
+     to be healthy and wealthy--speaking crinolinely and
+     red-petticoatedly--and wise."
+
+Lola was before her time. Nowadays she would have set up as a "beauty
+specialist." Had she done so, she would have secured a big income from
+the sale of creams and perfumes, powders and paints, and dyes and
+unguents, and all the other nostrums with which women endeavour to
+recover their vanished charms. But, instead of becoming a
+practitioner, she became an author and compiled a handbook, _The Arts
+of Beauty, or Secrets of a Lady's Toilet_. This went very fully into
+the subject, and had helpful hints on "Complexion Treatment," "Hair
+Culture," "Removal of Wrinkles," and what was then coyly termed "Bust
+Development." Importance was also attached to "Intellect," as a
+sovereign specific for repairing the ravages of advancing years. "A
+beautiful mind," announced the author, "is the first thing required
+for a beautiful face."
+
+Lola's light was not hidden under any bushel. An American firm of
+publishers, convinced that there was money in this sort of thing, made
+an acceptable offer and issued the work with a prefatory inscription:
+
++--------------------------------------------------------+
+|                          TO                            |
+|                   ALL MEN AND WOMEN                    |
+|                     OF EVERY LAND                      |
+|            WHO ARE NOT AFRAID OF THEMSELVES            |
+| WHO TRUST SO MUCH TO THEIR OWN SOULS THAT THEY DARE TO |
+|                       STAND UP                         |
+|                 IN THE MIGHT OF THEIR                  |
+|                   OWN INDIVIDUALITY                    |
+| TO MEET THE TIDAL CURRENTS OF THE WORLD, THIS BOOK IS  |
+|                RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY               |
+|                      THE AUTHOR                        |
++--------------------------------------------------------+
+
+The title-page of this effort ran as follows:
+
++---------------------------------+
+|               THE               |
+|          ARTS OF BEAUTY         |
+|               OR                |
+|    SECRETS OF A LADY'S TOILET   |
+|      WITH HINTS TO GENTLEMEN    |
+|             ON THE              |
+|        ART OF FASCINATION       |
+|      BY MADAME LOLA MONTEZ      |
+|      COUNTESS OF LANDSFELD      |
+|            NEW YORK             |
+| DICK AND FITZGERALD, PUBLISHERS |
+|          18 ANN STREET          |
++---------------------------------+
+
+A Canadian publisher, John Lovell, on the look-out for a novelty, read
+this effort and suggested that a friend of his, Émile Chevalier, of
+Paris, should sponsor an edition of Lola's _Arts of Beauty_ for
+consumption on the boulevards. "I am too much an admirer of the gifted
+author," was M. Chevalier's response, "to undertake the work without
+consulting her." Accordingly, he got into touch with Lola, offering to
+have a translation made. "Thank you," she replied, "but I wish to do
+it myself. You, however, can put in any corrections you think
+necessary. I have not written anything in French since the death of
+poor Bon-Bon [Dujarier], and I want to see if I still remember the
+language." Apparently she did so, for, shortly afterwards, the
+manuscript was sent across the Atlantic and delivered to M. Chevalier.
+Within another month it was on the bookstalls. "I have retouched it
+very little," says the editor in his preface, "as I was anxious to
+preserve Madame Lola's distinctly original style. Her pen is as
+mordant as her dog-whip."
+
+M. Chevalier was charmed with the fashion in which Lola had acquitted
+herself, and wrote florid letters of thanks to her in New York. With a
+supplementary lecture on "Instructions for Gentlemen in the Art of
+Fascination," which was added to fill up the book, he declared himself
+much impressed. "This," he says, "exhibits a profound knowledge of the
+human heart, and is altogether one of the finest and most piquant
+criticisms on American manners with which I am familiar." "Who," he
+continues, warming to his work, "is more thoroughly qualified to
+discuss the development and preservation of natural beauty than the
+Countess of Landsfeld?"; and in an introductory puff he adds: "These
+observations are very judicious, and as applicable in Europe as in
+America. They should, I feel, be indelibly engraved on the minds of
+all sensible women."
+
+Perhaps they were. At any rate, the result of M. Chevalier's
+enterprise was a distinct success, and the Paris bookshops soon got
+rid of 50,000 copies. In fact, Lola was very nearly a best-seller.
+
+In addition to her expert views on "Beautiful Women," Lola had plenty
+of other subjects up her sleeve, to be incorporated in a series of
+lectures. The list covered a wide range, for it included such diverse
+headings as "Ladies with Pasts," "Heroines of History," "Romanism,"
+"Wits and Women of Paris," "Comic Aspects of Love," and "Gallantry."
+On all of these matters she had plenty to say. On some of them quite a
+lot, for they ran to an average of a dozen closely printed pages, and,
+when delivered in public, took up three hours. In the one on
+"Beautiful Women" precise details were given as to the adventitious
+causes contributing to her own sylph-like figure, glossy hair and
+pearly teeth, etc., and a number of prescriptions were also offered.
+These, she recommended, should be manufactured at home. "For a few
+shillings and a little trouble," she pointed out, "any lady can secure
+an adequate supply of all such things, composed of materials far
+superior to the expensive compounds bought from druggists;" and the
+recipes, she insisted, "had been translated by herself from the
+original French, Spanish, German, and Italian." Among these were
+_Beaume à l'Antique_, _Unction de Maintenon_, and _Pommade de
+Seville_; and "a retired actress at Gibraltar" was responsible for a
+specific for "warding off baldness." Lola put it in two words--"avoid
+nightcaps." But she was sympathetic about scalp troubles. "Without a
+fine head of hair, no woman can be really beautiful.... The dogs would
+bark at and run away from her in the street." To be well covered on
+top was, she held, "quite as important for the opposite sex." "How
+like a fool or a ruffian," she remarked, "do the noblest masculine
+features appear if the hair of the head is bad. Many a dandy who has
+scarcely brains or courage enough to catch a sheep has enslaved the
+hearts of a hundred girls with his Hyperion locks!"
+
+Although nominally the author of them, these lectures were, like her
+previous flight, really strung together by that clerical "ghost," the
+Rev. Chauncey Burr, with whom she had collaborated in her "memoirs."
+Wielding a ready pen, he gave good value, for the chapters were well
+sprinkled with choice classical quotations and elegant extracts from
+the poets, together with allusions to Aristotle and Theophrastus, to
+Madame de Staël and Washington Irving.
+
+In the lecture on "Gallantry," Lola had a warm encomium for King
+Ludwig.
+
+"His Majesty," she informed her audience, "is one of the most refined
+and high-toned gentlemen of the old school of manners. He is also one
+of the most learned men of genius in all Europe. To him art is more
+indebted than to any other monarch who has ever lived. King Ludwig is
+the author of several volumes of poems, which are evidence of his
+natural genius and elaborately cultivated taste.... He worships beauty
+like one of the old troubadours; and his gallantry is caused by his
+love of art. He was the greatest and best King Bavaria ever had."
+
+In another passage she had a smack at the Catholic Church:
+
+"An evil hour brought into Ludwig's counsels the most despotic and
+illiberal of the Jesuits. Through the influence of his ministers the
+natural liberality of the King was perpetually thwarted; and the
+Government degenerated into a petty tyranny, where priestly influence
+was sucking out the very life-blood of the people."
+
+More than something of a doctrinaire, her observations on "Romanism"
+(which she dubbed "an abyss of superstition and moral pollution") might
+have fallen from the lips of a hot-gospeller of to-day. "Who," she asked
+her hearers, "shall compute the stupefying and brutalizing effects of such
+religion? Who will dare tell me that this terrible Church does not lie
+upon the bosom of the present time like a vast, unwieldy, and offensive
+corpse? America does not yet recognise how much she owes to the Protestant
+principle. It is that principle which has given the world the four
+greatest facts of modern times--steamboats, railroads, telegraphs, and the
+American Republic."
+
+This somewhat novel definition of "the four greatest facts of modern
+times" was received with rapture by its hearers.
+
+Despite certain jeers from some of the reviewers, the lectures
+continued to attract the public. The novelty of Lola Montez at the
+rostrum drew large audiences everywhere; and she had no difficulty in
+arranging a long tour. Feeling, when it came to an end, that a similar
+measure of success might be secured on the other side of the Atlantic,
+she resolved to visit England.
+
+Just before leaving America for this purpose, she wrote to a one-time
+Munich acquaintance, who was then editing a New York magazine:
+
+     YORKVILLE,
+
+     _August 20, 1858._
+
+     MY DEAR MR. LELAND,
+
+     I wish to thank you for the very kind notice you gave in
+     your interesting magazine of my first book, and I have
+     requested Messrs. Dick and Fitzgerald, my publishers, to
+     send to your private address a copy of my _Arts of Beauty_.
+     I hope, as a _critique_, it will be found "not wanting" (I
+     do not mean not wanted).
+
+     Will you give my best and kindest regards to our friend
+     Caxton; and, with the hope of hearing from you before I
+     leave for Europe, which will be in a couple of months, I
+     remain, far or near, your friend,
+
+     LOLA MONTEZ.
+
+Of course, there was a postscript:
+
+     "The subject of my lectures in Europe will be on America.
+     This should prove attractive."
+
+Another letter suggests that an appointment with Leland had not been
+kept:
+
+     I should have much liked to have seen you before my
+     departure for Ireland on Tuesday by Pacific, but I cannot
+     control circumstances, you know; and therefore all I ask you
+     until my return next July is a "place in your memory."
+     Maybe, I shall write to you, or, maybe, not. But, whatever
+     is, be sure that _You_ will not be forgotten by Yrs.
+
+     LOLA MONTEZ.
+
+Again the inevitable postscript:
+
+    "Give my best and kindest regards to _our friend_. Tell him I
+    shall certainly manage to fill his columns with plenty more
+    newspaper lectures."
+
+According to himself, Lola looked upon the young American with
+something more than mere friendship. "Once," he says, in his
+reminiscences, "she proposed to make a bolt with me to Europe, which I
+declined. The secret of my influence," he adds smugly, "was that I
+always treated her with respect, and never made love."
+
+
+III
+
+It was at the end of November, 1858, that Lola landed once more in the
+United Kingdom. She began her campaign there in Dublin, where,
+twenty-four years earlier, she had lived as a young bride, danced at
+the Castle, and flirted with the Viceroy's aides-de-camp. During the
+interval a crowded chapter, and one full of colour and life and
+movement, had been written.
+
+All being in readiness, the public were duly informed of her plans by
+an advertisement:
+
+MADAME LOLA MONTEZ, COUNTESS OF
+LANDSFELD, will give a Lecture on "America and its
+People," at the Round Room, Rotundo, on Wednesday
+evening, December 8. Reserved seats, 3s.; unreserved, 2s. 6d.
+
+The début would appear to have been highly successful. "The
+announcement of the lecture," said a report the next morning, "created
+a degree of interest almost unparalleled among the Dublin public. The
+platform was regularly carried by a throng of admirers, giving
+Madame Lola Montez barely space to reach her desk. She was listened to
+with enraptured attention and warm manifestations of approval"; and
+"very properly, an ill-bred fellow, who exclaimed, 'hee-haw' at
+regular intervals, was loudly hissed."
+
+[Illustration: _"Lectures and Life." From stage to platform_]
+
+For some reason or other, Lola was constantly embroiled with
+journalists. Thus, during this Dublin visit she had a passage at arms
+with one of them, who had published some damaging criticisms about her
+life in Paris. Thereupon, she wrote an angry letter to the editor of
+the _Daily Express_. As, however, she was alluding to events that had
+taken place nearly fifteen years earlier, her memory was somewhat at
+fault. Thus, she insisted that, when Dujarier met his death, she was
+living in the house of a Dr. and Mrs. Azan; and also that "the good
+Queen of Bavaria wept bitterly when she left Munich."
+
+But, if Lola Montez was not very reliable, the editor of the _Dublin
+Daily Express_ was similarly slipshod in his comments. "It is now," he
+declared, "well established that Lola Montez was born in 1824, her
+father being the son of a baronet."
+
+Crossing from Ireland to England, Lola, prior to appearing in London,
+undertook a tour in the provinces. On January 8, 1859, she appeared at
+the Free Trade Hall, Manchester, where her subject was "Portraits of
+English and American Character." This went down very well, although,
+to her disappointment, John Bright declined to take the chair. At
+Liverpool, however, "the public went almost wild with excitement";
+and, as a result, her share of the box-office receipts was £250. But,
+although she attracted the mob, she managed to upset the
+susceptibilities of the critics. "Some of Madam's allusions," declared
+a shocked hearer, "were in questionable taste, and, as she delivered
+her address, the epithet 'coarse' fell from several members of the
+audience."
+
+A visit to Chester, which followed the Liverpool one, was marked by an
+unfortunate incident:
+
+"We learn with sorrow," said an eye-witness, "that on Thursday last
+the lady introduced, if not American, certainly not English, manners
+into one of our most venerable cathedrals. When, accompanied by a
+masculine escort, she entered the sacred edifice, the gentleman (?)
+demurred to removing his hat. While in dispute on this point of
+etiquette, Madam's pet dog attempted to join her. On being informed by
+the sexton that such canine companionship was inadmissible, her anger
+was aroused and she withdrew in considerable dudgeon."
+
+The provincial tour was an extensive one; and, during it, she
+encountered a certain amount of competition. Thus, at Bristol she was
+sandwiched in between Barnum and a quarterly meeting of the Bible
+Society. None the less, "the fair Lola had a very cordial reception
+from a number of respectable citizens." But she was to have a set-back
+in one town that must have held many memories of her girlhood. This
+was Bath, where she appeared in the Assembly Rooms. The attitude of
+the press was distinctly inimical. "We must say," was one acid
+comment, "that a greater _sell_ we have not met with for a very long
+time. All the audience got for their money were some remarks of the
+most commonplace and twaddling description. They lasted about an hour,
+and even this was an hour too much." Still, Brighton, where the tour
+finished, more than made up for Bath; and she was so successful there
+that "the Pavilion was crammed to the doors, and additional lectures
+had to be given." Thus, all was well that ended well.
+
+A provincial triumph was worth having. Lola, however, had set her
+heart on conquering London. With this end in view, accordingly, she
+despatched an emissary ahead to make the preliminary arrangements.
+Offers of theatres were showered upon her. One was from that
+remarkable figure, Edward Tyrell Smith. She would probably have done
+well under his management, for nobody understood showmanship better
+than this British Barnum. In this direction he had nothing to learn
+from anybody. Beginning his career as a sailor, he had soon tired of a
+life on the ocean wave, and, abandoning the prospect of becoming
+another Nelson, had joined the police force as a humble constable. But
+he did not remain one long; and became in turn a Fleet Street
+publican, the proprietor of a Haymarket night-house, an auctioneer, a
+picture dealer, a bill discounter (with a side line in usury), and the
+editor of a Sunday organ. Next, the theatre attracted his energies;
+and in 1852 he secured a lease of Drury Lane at the moderate rental of
+£70 a week. On Boxing-night he offered his first programme there. This
+consisted of _Uncle Tom's Cabin_ (with "fierce bloodhounds complete"),
+followed by a full length pantomime and a "roaring farce." Value for
+money in those palmy days. But, as an entrepreneur, Mr. Smith was
+always ahead of his period. Thus, he abolished the customary charge
+for booking; and, instead of increasing them, he lowered his prices
+when he had a success; and it is also to his credit that he introduced
+matinées.
+
+Such a manager deserved to go far. This one did go far. Having
+discovered his niche, the pushful Smith soon had his fingers in
+several other pies. Thus, from Drury Lane he went to the Alhambra, and
+from the Alhambra to Astley's, with intervening spells at the Lyceum
+and the Elephant and Castle. He also took in his stride Her Majesty's
+and Cremorne. All was fish that he swept into his net. Some, of
+course, were minnows, but others were Tritons. Charles Mathews and the
+two Keans, together with Giuglini and Titiens, served under his
+banner, as did also acrobats, conjurers, and pugilists. He "ran"
+opera, circuses, gambling hells, and "moral waxworks" simultaneously;
+and, these fields of endeavour not being enough for him, he added to
+them by standing for Parliament (opposing Samuel Whitbread) and
+editing the _Sunday Times_. Always a man of resource, when he was
+conducting a tavern he put his barmaids into "bloomers." This daring
+stroke had its reward; and, by swelling the consumption of beer,
+perceptibly increased his bank balance. Hence, it is not perhaps
+unnatural that such widely spread activities should have inspired a
+lyrical apostrophe:
+
+    Awake, my Muse, with fervour and with pith,
+      To sing the praise of Lessee Edward Smith!
+
+Yet, shrewd as he was, Mr. Smith was himself once bitten. During his
+money-lending interval, he happened to discount (at what he considered
+a "business" rate) some bills for £600 out of which Prince Louis
+Napoleon, then sheltering in London, had been swindled by some
+card-sharpers at the notorious Judge and Jury Club. The next morning,
+the victim, coming to his senses, went to the police, and the police
+went to the sharpers. As a result, the members of the gang were
+arrested and the bills were cancelled. Feeling that he had a genuine
+grievance, since he was out of pocket by the transaction, the acceptor
+waited until a turn of Fortune's wheel had established Louis Napoleon
+at the Tuileries. He then wrote to him for permission to open some
+pleasure gardens in Paris on the lines of those he had conducted at
+Cremorne. The desired permission, however, was withheld.
+
+"No gratitude," said the disappointed applicant.
+
+
+IV
+
+Tempting as were the prospects he offered, Lola, after some
+discussion, felt that she could do better, from a financial point of
+view, without the help of Mr. E. T. Smith. Accordingly, making her own
+arrangements, she hired the St. James's Hall, where, on April 7, 1859,
+she delivered the first of a series of four lectures.
+
+Although a considerable interval had elapsed since she was last in
+London, the public had not forgotten the dramatic circumstances under
+which she had then appeared at Marlborough Street police court. This
+fact, combined with the lure of her subject, "Beautiful Women," was
+sufficient to cram every portion of the building with an interested
+and expectant audience. They came from all parts. Clapham and
+Highgate were no less anxious for guidance than Kensington and
+Belgravia. If an entertainment-tax had been levied at that period the
+revenue would have benefited substantially. "The appearance on the
+platform of the fair lecturer," said one account, "was responsible for
+the most extensive display of opera glasses that has been seen in
+London since the Empress Eugénie visited the Opera."
+
+By an unfortunate coincidence, the St. James's Hall _première_ clashed
+with another attraction elsewhere. This was the confirmation that
+evening of the dusky King of Bonny by the Bishop of London. Still, a
+considerable number managed to attend both items; and, of the two, the
+lecture proved the greater draw.
+
+Striking a note of warning at the outset, Lola began by telling her
+hearers that, "It is the penalty of Nature that young girls must fade
+and become as wizened as their grandmothers." But she had a message of
+hope to offer, for, she said, "wrinkles can be warded off and autumn
+tresses made to preserve their pristine freshness." The cure was
+merely careful dieting and the "abolition of injurious cosmetics and
+the health-destroying bodice." Taking the measure of her audience, she
+laid on flattery with a trowel. "You have," she assured them, "only to
+look into the ranks of the upper classes to see around you the most
+beautiful women in Europe; and where this is concerned, I must give
+the preference to the nobility of England." Among the examples held up
+for admiration by her were the Duchess of Sutherland--"the paragon and
+type of Britain's aristocracy"--and "the very voluptuous Lady
+Blessington." Approval for the Duchess of Wellington, however, was
+less pronounced, since, while admitting her physical charms, Lola
+declared her to be "of little intellect, and as cold as a piece of
+sculpture."
+
+Claiming to have visited Turkey (but omitting to say when), Lola
+offered an item unrecorded in the archives of the British Embassy
+there:
+
+     "In Turkey I saw very few beautiful women. The lords of
+     creation in that part of the world treat the opposite sex as
+     you would geese--stuff them to make them fat. Through the
+     politeness of Sir Stratford Canning, English Ambassador at
+     Constantinople, I was kindly permitted to visit the Sultan's
+     harem as often as I pleased and there look upon the 'lights
+     of the world.' These 'lights of the world' consisted of five
+     hundred bodies of unwieldy avoirdupois. The ladies of the
+     harem gazed upon my leanness with commiserating wonder."
+
+The lecture finished up on a high note:
+
+     "It has been my privilege to see some of the most celebrated
+     beauties that shine in the gilded courts of fashion
+     throughout the world--from St. James's to St. Petersburg,
+     from Paris to India--and yet I am unaware of any quality
+     that can atone for the absence of an unpolished mind and an
+     unlovely heart. A charming activity of soul is the real
+     source of woman's beauty. It is that which gives the
+     sweetest expression to her face and lights up her
+     _personnel_."
+
+In the matter of publicity Lola had nothing of which to complain; and
+the next morning descriptive columns were published by the dozen.
+
+     The début of Madame Lola Montez (announced the _Star_), in
+     the presence of a large and fashionable gathering, was a
+     decided success. Every portion of the spacious and elegant
+     building was completely filled. Madame presented herself in
+     that black velvet costume which seems to be the only
+     alternative to white muslin for ladies who aspire to be
+     considered historic. Not Marie Stuart herself could have
+     become it better than Lola Montez. Her face, air, attitude,
+     and elocution are thoroughly and bewilderingly feminine.
+     Perhaps her smartest and happiest remark was the one in
+     which, with a pretty affectation, she says, "If I were a
+     gentleman, I should like an American young lady to flirt
+     with, but a typical English girl for a wife." This dictum
+     was received with much applause.
+
+One can well believe it.
+
+An anonymous leader, but which, from its florid touches, was evidently
+penned by George Augustus Sala, dwelt on Lola's personality:
+
+     Some disappointment may have been caused by the appearance
+     of the fair lecturer. A Semiramis, a Zenobia, a Cleopatra,
+     in marvellous robes of gold and silver tissue, might have
+     been looked for; but, in reality, the rostrum was occupied
+     by a very handsome lady, with a very charming voice and a
+     very winning smile.... Madame Lola Montez lectures very well
+     and very naturally. Some will go to hear the accomplished
+     elocutionist; others will be envious to see the wife of
+     Captain James and silly Mr. Heald; the friend of Dujarier
+     and Beauvalon; the _cara sposa_ of King Ludwig. Phryne went
+     to the bath as Venus--and Madame Lola Montez lectures at St.
+     James's Hall.
+
+Taking a professional interest in everything connected, however
+remotely, with the drama (and having more time in which to do it) the
+_Era_ offered its readers a considered opinion at greater length:
+
+     If any amongst the full and fashionable auditory that
+     attended her first appearance fancied (with a lively
+     recollection of certain scandalous chronicles in the
+     newspapers touching upon her antecedents) that they were
+     about to behold a formidable-looking woman, of Amazonian
+     audacity and palpably strong-wristed as well as
+     strong-minded, their disappointment must have been grievous;
+     greater if they anticipated the legendary bulldog at her
+     side, and the traditionary pistols in her girdle, and the
+     horse-whip in her hand. The Lola Montez who made a graceful
+     and impressive obeisance to those who gave her on Thursday
+     night so cordial and encouraging a reception appeared simply
+     as a good-looking lady in the bloom of womanhood, attired
+     in a plain black dress, with easy unrestrained manners....
+     The lecture might have been a newspaper article, the first
+     chapter of a book of travels, or the speech of a long-winded
+     American Ambassador at a Mansion House dinner. All was
+     exceedingly decorous and diplomatic, slightly gilded here
+     and there with those commonplace laudations that stir a
+     British public into the utterance of patriotic plaudits. A
+     more inoffensive entertainment could hardly be imagined; and
+     when the six sections into which the lady had divided her
+     discourse, were exhausted, and her final bow elicited a
+     renewal of the applause that had accompanied her entrance,
+     the impression on the departing visitors must have been that
+     of having spent an hour in company with a well-informed lady
+     who had gone to America, had seen much to admire there, and,
+     coming back, had had over the tea-table the talk of the
+     evening to herself. Whatever the future disquisitions of the
+     Countess of Landsfeld may be, there is little doubt that
+     many will go to hear them for the sake of the peculiar
+     celebrity of the lecturer.
+
+To this, the _Era_ reporter naïvely added: "Her foreign accent might
+belong to any language from Irish to Bavarian."
+
+Lola did not have the field entirely to herself. While she was telling
+the St. James's Hall public how to improve their appearance at very
+small cost, a rival practitioner, with a _salon_ in Bond Street, was,
+in the advertisement columns of the morning papers, announcing her
+readiness to furnish the necessary requisites at a very high figure.
+This was a "Madame Rachel," some of whose dupes parted with as much as
+five hundred guineas, on the understanding that she would make them
+"Beautiful for ever!"
+
+Like Lola Montez, "Madame Rachel" brought out a puff pamphlet,
+directing attention to her specifics. This production beat the effort
+of the Rev. Chauncey Burr, for it bristled with references, to the
+Bible and Shakespeare, to Grace Darling and Florence Nightingale.
+Among her nostrums was a bottle of "Jordan Water," which she sold at
+the modest figure of £15 15s. a flask. Chemical analysis, however,
+revealed it to have come, not from Palestine, but from the River
+Thames. She also supplied, on extortionate terms, various drugs and
+"medical treatment" of a description upon which the Law frowns
+heavily. As a result, "Madame Rachel" left Bond Street for the dock of
+the Old Bailey, where she was sent to penal servitude for swindling.
+
+In the lecture on "Wits and Women of Paris," Lola did not forget her
+old friends. She had a good word for Dumas:
+
+     "Of the literary lights during my residence in Paris,
+     Alexandre Dumas was the first, as he would be in any city
+     anywhere. He was not only the boon companion of princes, but
+     he was the prince of boon companions. He is now about
+     fifty-five years old, a tall, fine-looking man, with
+     intellect stamped on his brow. Of all the men I ever met he
+     is the most brilliant in conversation. He is always sought
+     for at convivial suppers, and is always sure to attend
+     them."
+
+Discretion, perhaps, prevented her saying anything about Dujarier and
+the tragedy of his death. Still, she had something to say about Roger
+de Beauvoir, whom she declared to be "one of the three men that kept
+Paris alive when I was there." Her recollection of Jules Janin
+rankled. "He was," she said, "a malicious and caustic critic.
+Everybody feared him, and everybody was civil to him through fear. I
+do not know anyone (even his wife) who loves him in Paris." But Eugéne
+Sue was in another category. "He was an honest, sincere, truth-loving
+man; and it will be long before Paris can fill the place which his
+death has made vacant."
+
+In the "Heroines of History" lecture the audience were told that "All
+history is full of startling examples of female heroism, proving that
+woman's heart is made of as stout a stuff and of as brave a metal as
+that which beats within the ribs of the coarser sex." But, feminist as
+she was, Lola had no sympathy with any suggestion to grant them the
+franchise. "Women who get together in conventions for the purpose of
+ousting men will never," she declared, "accomplish anything. They can
+effect legislation only by quiet and judicious counsel. These
+convention women are very poor politicians."
+
+The last lectures in the series dealt with "Comic Aspects of Love,"
+and "Strong-minded Women." Among the typical specimens offered for
+consideration were such diverse personalities as Semiramis, Queen
+Elizabeth, the Countess of Derby, George Sand, and Mrs. Bloomer. In
+the discourse on "The Comic Aspects of Love" the range swept from
+Aristotle and Plato to Mahomet and the Mormons. If the B.B.C. had been
+in existence, Lola would undoubtedly have been booked for a "talk." As
+it was, two of the lectures were reprinted in _The Welcome Guest_, "a
+magazine of recreative reading for all," with Robert Browning, Charles
+Kingsley and Monckton Milnes among its contributors. Thinking they had
+a market, an enterprising publisher rushed out a volume, _The Lectures
+of Lola Montez_. When a copy reached the editor, it was reviewed in
+characteristically elephantine fashion by the _Athenæum_:
+
+     "We can imagine the untravelled dames of Fifth Avenue
+     listening with wonder to a female lecturer who seems to have
+     lived hand in glove with all the crowned heads of Europe;
+     and who can tell them, not only Who's-Who, but also repeat
+     their conversations, criticise their personal appearances,
+     and describe the secret arts by which the men preserve their
+     powers and the women their beauty."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVII
+
+THE CURTAIN FALLS
+
+
+I
+
+At the end of the year 1859, Lola, once more a bird of passage, was on
+the way back to America, taking with her some fresh material for
+another lecture campaign. This, entitled "John Bull at Home," fell
+very flat; and instead of, as hitherto, addressing crowded halls, she
+now found scanty gatherings wherever she was booked. Even when the
+charge of admission was reduced from the original figure of a dollar
+to one of 25 cents, "business" did not improve. Uncle Sam made it
+obvious that he took no sort of interest in John Bull, either at home
+or elsewhere.
+
+America, however, was, as it happened, taking a very lively interest
+in something else just then that did happen to be connected with John
+Bull's country. This was the visit of the Prince of Wales. It had been
+announced by an imaginative journalist that H.R.H. was to be "piloted"
+during his tour by John Camel Heenan, otherwise the "Benicia Boy." It
+was, however, under the more rigid tutelage of General Bruce that the
+distinguished guest landed on American shores. Mere prose not being
+adequate to record the historic incident a laureate set to work:
+
+      He came! A slender youth and fair!
+    A courtly, gentlemanly grace--the Grace of God!
+    The tenure of his mother's Throne, and great men's fame
+      Sat like a sparkling jewel on his brow.
+    Ah, Albert Edward! When you homeward sail
+    Take back with you, and treasure in your soul
+      A wholesome lesson which you here may learn!
+
+While he was in New York a ball in honour of the Prince was given at
+the Opera House by the "Committee of Welcome." This inspired a second
+laureate, Edmund Clarence Stedman:
+
+      But as ALBERT EDWARD, young and fair,
+      Stood on the canopied dais-chair,
+      And looked from the circle crowding there
+    To the length and breadth of the outer scene,
+    Perhaps he thought of his mother, the QUEEN:
+        (Long may her empery be serene!
+        Long may the Heir of England prove
+        Loyal and tender; may he pay
+        No less allegiance to her love
+        Than to the sceptre of her sway!)
+
+The visit of the Prince of Wales was not the only attraction
+challenging the popularity of Lola Montez at this period. There was
+another rival, and one in more direct competition with herself. This
+was Sam Cowell, a music-hall "star" from England. A comedian of
+genuine talent, he took America by storm with a couple of ballads,
+"The Rat-Catcher's Daughter" and "Villikins and his Dinah." The public
+flocked to hear him in their thousands. Lola's lectures fell very
+flat. Even fresh material and reduced prices failed to serve as a
+lure. The position was becoming serious.
+
+But, while her manager looked glum when he examined the box-office
+figures, Lola was not upset, for she had suddenly developed another
+activity, and one to which she was giving all her attention. This was
+the occult. The "Voices" at whose bidding she had abandoned the stage
+a couple of years earlier were now insistent that she should drop the
+platform; and, casting in her lot with the "Spirits," get into touch
+with a mysterious region vaguely referred to as "the Beyond."
+
+It was a time when spiritualism was flourishing like a green bay tree.
+Mrs. Hayden ("the wife of a respectable journalist") and the Fox
+Sisters had been playing their pranks for years and collecting dollars
+from dupes all over the country; and their rivals, the Davenport
+Brothers, with Daniel Dunglas Home (Browning's "Sludge, the Medium")
+were humbugging Harvard professors, financial magnates, and Supreme
+Court judges; and, not to be behindhand, other experts were (for a
+cash consideration) calling up Columbus and Shakespeare and Napoleon,
+who talked to them at séances as readily as if they were at the end of
+a telephone, but with pronounced American accents.
+
+[Illustration: _Countess of Landsfeld. A favourite portrait_
+
+(_Harvard Theatre Collection_)]
+
+Lola's first reaction was all that could be desired. There never was a
+more promising recruit or a more receptive one. Quite prepared to take
+the "Voices" on trust, and to contribute liberally to the "cause," she
+attended a number of psychic circles, arranged by Stephen Andrews and
+other charlatans; listened to mysterious rappings and tappings coming
+out of the darkness; felt inanimate objects being lifted across the
+room; heard tambourines rattled by invisible hands; and unquestionably
+swallowed all the traditional tomfoolery that appears to be part and
+parcel of such "phenomena."
+
+This state of things might have continued indefinitely. By, however,
+an unfortunate mischance, a "medium," from whom much was expected,
+went, in his endeavour to give satisfaction, a little too far. Not
+keeping a vigilant eye on European happenings, he announced at one
+such gathering that the "spirit" addressing the assembly was that of
+Ludwig of Bavaria. As, however, Ludwig was still in the land of the
+living (where, by the way, he remained for several years to come) it
+was a bad slip. The result was, Lola felt her faith shaken, and,
+convinced that she was being exploited, shut up her purse, and
+withdrew from the promised "guidance."
+
+
+II
+
+Under stress of emotion, some women take to the bottle; others to the
+Bible. With Lola Montez, however, it was a case of from Bunkum to
+Boanerges, from the circle to the conventicle. Spiritualism had been
+tried and found wanting. Casting about for something with which to
+fill the empty niche and adjust her equilibrium, she turned to
+religion for consolation. The brand she selected was that favoured by
+the Methodists. One would scarcely imagine that Little Bethel would
+have had much appeal to her. But perhaps its very drabness and
+remoteness from the world of the footlights proved a welcome relief.
+
+Having "got religion," Lola fastened upon it with characteristic
+fervour. It occupied all her thoughts; and in the process she soon
+developed what would now be dubbed a marked inferiority-complex.
+
+"Lord," she wrote at this period, "Thy mercies are great to me. Oh!
+how little are they deserved, filthy worm that I am! Oh! that the Holy
+Spirit may fill my soul with prayer! Lord, have mercy on Thy weary
+wanderer, and grant me all I beseech of Thee! Oh! give me a meek and
+lowly heart. Amen."
+
+A doctor, had she consulted one just then, would probably have
+prescribed a blue pill.
+
+There is a theory that the "Light" had been vouchsafed as the result
+of a chance visit to Spurgeon's Tabernacle when she was last in
+England. Although Spurgeon himself never put forward any such claim, a
+diary that Lola kept at the time has a significant entry:
+
+     LONDON,
+
+     _September 10, 1859._
+
+     How many, many years of my life have been sacrificed to
+     Satan and my own love of sin! What have I not been guilty of
+     in thought or deed during these years of wretchedness! Oh! I
+     dare not think of the past. What have I not been! I only
+     lived for my own passions; and what is there of good even in
+     the best natural human being! What would I not give to have
+     my terrible and fearful experience given as an awful warning
+     to such natures as my own!
+
+A week later, things not having improved during the interval, she took
+stock of her position in greater detail:
+
+     I am afraid sometimes that I think too well of myself. But
+     let me only look back to the past. Oh! how I am humbled....
+     How manifold are my sins, and how long in years have I lived
+     a life of evil passions without a check!
+
+     To-morrow (the Lord's Day) is the day of peace and
+     happiness. Once it seemed to me anything but a happy day.
+     But now all is wonderfully changed in my heart.... This week
+     I have principally sinned through hastiness of temper and
+     uncharitableness of feeling towards my neighbour. Oh! that I
+     could have only love for others and hatred of myself!
+
+Another passage ran:
+
+     To-morrow is Sunday, and I shall go into the poor little
+     humble chapel, and there will I mingle my prayers with the
+     fervent pastor, and with the good and true. There is no pomp
+     or ceremony among these. All is simple. No fine dresses, no
+     worldly display, but the honest Methodist breathes forth a
+     sincere prayer, and I feel much unity of souls.
+
+The "conversion" of Lola Montez was no flash in the pan, or the result
+of a sudden impulse. It was a real one, deep and sincere and lasting.
+Her former triumphs on the stage and in the boudoir had become as dust
+and ashes. Compared with her new-found joy in religion, all else was
+vanity and emptiness.
+
+"I can forget my French and German, and everything else I have
+valued," she is declared to have said to a pressman, who, scenting a
+"news story," followed hot-foot on her track, "but I cannot forget my
+Christ."
+
+She had been "Montez the Magnificent." Now she was "Montez the
+Magdalen." The woman whose voluptuous beauty and unbridled passion had
+upset thrones and fired the hearts of men was now concerned with the
+saving of souls. As such, she resolved to spread "the Word" among
+others less happily circumstanced. To this end, she preached in
+conventicles and visited hospitals, asylums, and prisons, offering a
+helping hand to all who would accept one, and especially to
+"unfortunates" of her own sex. She had her disappointments. But
+neither snubs nor setbacks, nor sneers nor jeers could turn her from
+the path she had elected to tread.
+
+"In the course of a long experience as a Christian minister," says a
+clergyman whom she encountered at this period, "I do not think I ever
+saw deeper penitence and humility, more real contrition of soul, and
+more bitter self-reproach than in this poor woman."
+
+"With," he adds, in an oleaginous little tract on the subject, "a
+heart full of generous sympathy for the poor outcasts of her own sex,
+she devoted the last few months of her life to visiting them at the
+Magdalen Asylum, near New York.... She strove to impress upon them not
+only the awful guilt of breaking the divine law, but the inevitable
+earthly sorrow which those who persisted with thoughtless desperation
+in sinful courses were assuredly treasuring up for themselves."
+
+But, except those who encountered her charity and self-sacrifice,
+there were few who had a good word for Lola Montez in her character as
+a Magdalen. People who had fawned upon her in the days of her success
+now jeered and sneered and affected to doubt the reality of her
+penitence. "Once a sinner, always a sinner," they declared; and "Lola
+in the pulpit is rich!" was another barbed shaft.
+
+In thus abandoning the buskin for the Bible, Lola Montez was following
+one example and setting another. The example she followed was that of
+Mlle Gautier, of the Comédie Française, who, after flashing across the
+horizon of Maurice de Saxe (and several others), left the footlights
+and retired to a convent. "It is true," she says in her memoirs, "that
+I have encountered during my theatrical career a number of people
+whose morals have been as irreproachable as their talents, but I
+myself was not among them." This was putting it--well--mildly, for,
+according to Le d'Hoefer, "her stage career was marked by a freedom
+of manner pushed to the extremity of licence."
+
+In the sisterhood that she joined the new name of Mlle Gautier was
+Sister Augustine. As such, she lived a Carmelite nun for thirty-two
+years. But time did not hang heavy on her hands, for, in addition to
+religious exercises and domestic tasks, she occupied herself with
+painting miniatures and composing verses. "I am so happy here," she
+wrote from her cell, "that I much regret having delayed too long
+entering this holy place. The real calm and peace I have now
+discovered have made me imagine all my previous life an evil dream."
+
+The example that Lola Montez was setting was to be followed, fifty
+years later, by another member of her calling. This was Eve
+Lavalliére, who, after a distinctly hectic career, cut herself adrift
+from the footlights of Paris and entered the mission-field of North
+Africa. "Here at your feet," she says in one of her letters, "lies the
+vilest, lowest, and most contemptible object on earth, a worm from the
+dung-heap, the most infamous, the most soiled of all creatures. Lord,
+I am but a poor sheep in your flock!"
+
+There is also something of a parallel between the career of Lola
+Montez and that of Theodora, who, once in the circus ring, and, at the
+start, a lady of decidedly easy virtue, afterwards became the consort
+of the Emperor Justinian and shared his throne. Like Lola, too,
+Theodora endeavoured to make amends for her early slips by voluntarily
+abandoning the pomp and power she had once enjoyed and giving herself
+up to the redemption of "fallen women."
+
+
+III
+
+Perhaps the "Spirits" resented being abandoned by her in summary
+fashion; perhaps she had overtaxed her energies addressing outdoor
+meetings in all weathers. At any rate, and whatever the cause, while
+she was travelling in the country during the winter of 1860, Lola
+Montez was suddenly stricken down by a mysterious illness. As it
+baffled the hospital doctors, she had to be taken back to New York.
+There, instead of getting better, she gradually got worse, developing
+consumption, followed by partial paralysis.
+
+"What a study for the thoughtless; what a sermon on the inevitable
+result of human vanity!" was the ghoulish comment of a scribbler.
+
+Rufus Blake, an entrepreneur, under whose banner she had once starred,
+has some reminiscences of her at this period. "She lived," he says,
+"in strict retirement, reading religious books, and steadily, calmly,
+hopefully preparing for death, fully convinced that consumption had
+snapped the pillars of her life and that she was soon to make her
+final exit."
+
+After an interval, word of Lola's collapse reached England by means of
+a cutting in a theatrical paper. There it appears to have touched a
+long slumbering maternal chord. "Mrs. Craigie," says a paragraphist,
+"suddenly arrived in America, anxious, as next of kin, to secure her
+daughter's property. On discovering, however, that none existed, she
+hurried back again, leaving behind her a sum of three pounds for
+medicine and other necessities."
+
+Cast off by her fair-weather friends, bereft of her looks,
+poverty-stricken, and ravaged by an insidious illness, the situation
+of Lola Montez was, during that winter of 1860, one to excite pity
+among the most severe of judges. Under duress, even her new found
+trust in Providence began to falter. Was prayer, she wondered
+forlornly, to fail her like everything else? Suddenly, however, and
+when things were at their darkest, a helping hand was offered. One
+bitter evening, as she sat brooding in the miserable lodging where she
+had secured temporary shelter, she was visited by a Mrs. Buchanan,
+claiming her as a friend of the long distant past. The years fell
+back; and, with an effort, Lola recognised in the visitor a girl, now
+a mature matron, whom she had last met in Montrose.
+
+The sympathy of Mrs. Buchanan, shared to the full by her husband, a
+prosperous merchant, was of a practical description. Although
+familiar with the many lapses in Lola's career, they counted for
+nothing beside the fact that she was in sore need. Bygones were
+bygones. Insisting that the stricken woman should leave her wretched
+surroundings, Mrs. Buchanan took her into her own well-appointed
+house, provided doctors and nurses, and did all that was possible to
+smooth her path. Deeply religious herself, she soon won back her
+faltering faith, and summoned a clergyman, the Rev. Dr. Hawks, to
+prepare her for the inevitable and rapidly approaching end.
+
+A smug little booklet, _The Story of a Penitent: Lola Montez_,
+published under the auspices of the "Protestant Society for the
+Promotion of Evangelical Knowledge," was afterwards written by this
+shepherd. Since his name did not appear on the title page, he was able
+to make several unctuous references to himself.
+
+"Most acceptable," he says in one characteristic passage, "were his
+ministrations. Refreshing, too, to his own spirit were his interviews
+with her."
+
+"It was," he continues, "in the latter part of 1860 that I received a
+message from the unhappy woman so well known to the public under the
+name of Lola Montez, earnestly requesting me to visit her and minister
+to her spiritual wants. She had been stricken down by a paralysis of
+her left side. For some days she was unconscious, and her death seemed
+to be at hand. She had, however, rallied, and a most benevolent
+Christian female, who had been her schoolmate in Scotland in the days
+of her girlhood, and knew her well, had stepped forward and provided
+for the temporal comfort of the afflicted companion of her childhood.
+The real name of Lola Montez was Eliza G., and she was of respectable
+family in Ireland, where she was born."
+
+But neither the Rev. Mr. Hawks, with his oiliness and smug piety, nor
+Mrs. Buchanan, with her true womanly sympathy and understanding, could
+bring Lola Montez back to health, any more than--for all their pills
+and purges--could the doctors and nurses round her bed. She lay there,
+day after day, aware of their presence, but unable to move or speak.
+Yet, able to think. Thoughts crowded upon her in a series of flashing
+pictures; a bewildering phantasmagoria, coming out of the shadows, and
+beckoning to her. Childhood's memories of India; hot suns, marching
+men, palanquins and elephants; Montrose and a dour Calvinism; Bath and
+Sir Jasper Nicolls; love's young dream; Lieutenant James and the
+runaway marriage in Dublin; another experience of India's coral
+strand; kind-hearted Captain Craigie and hard-hearted George Lennox;
+the Consistory Court proceedings; fiasco at Her Majesty's Theatre;
+Ranelagh and Lumley; _wanderjahre_ and odyssey; Paris and Dujarier;
+Ludwig and the steps of a throne; passion and poetry; intrigues and
+liaisons; Cornet Heald and Patrick Hull; voyages from the old world to
+the new; mining camps and backwoods; palaces and conventicles;
+glittering triumphs and abject failures. And now, gasping and
+struggling for breath, the end.
+
+The sands were running out. The days slipped away, and, with them, the
+last vitality of the woman who had once been so full of life and the
+joy of living.
+
+The doctors did what they could. But it was very little, for Lola
+Montez was beyond their help. The end was fast at hand. It came with
+merciful swiftness. On January 17, 1861, she turned her face to the
+wall and drew a last shuddering breath.
+
+"I am very tired," she whispered.
+
+The funeral took place two days later. "Accompanied by some of our
+most respected citizens and their families," says an eye-witness, "the
+cortège left the house of Mrs. Buchanan for Green-Wood cemetery."
+
+"The Rev. Dr. Hawks," adds a second account, "was constantly at the
+bedside of Lola Montez, and gave her the benefit of his pastoral care
+as freely as if she had been a member of his own flock. He conducted
+her obsequies in an impressive fashion; and Mr. Brown, his assistant,
+who had himself attended so many funerals and weddings in his day,
+was seen to wipe the tears from his eyes, as he heard the reverend
+gentleman remark to Mrs. Buchanan that he had never met with an
+example of more genuine penitence."
+
+"Is not this a brand plucked from the burning?" enquired the Rev. Mr.
+Hawks, as he stood addressing the company assembled round the grave.
+He himself was assured that the description was thoroughly applicable
+to the woman lying there.
+
+"I never saw," he declared, "a more humble penitent. When I prayed
+with her, nothing could exceed the fervour of her devotion; and never
+have I had a more watchful and attentive hearer when I read the
+Scriptures.... If ever a repentant soul loathed past sin, I believe
+hers did."
+
+Possibly, since it could scarcely have been Mrs. Buchanan, it was this
+clerical busybody who was responsible for the inscription on Lola's
+headstone:
+
+MRS. ELIZA GILBERT
+
+DIED
+
+JANUARY 17, 1861.
+
+An odd mask under which to shelter the identity of the gifted woman
+who, given in baptism the names Marie Dolores Eliza Rosanna, had
+flashed across three continents as Lola Montez, Countess of Landsfeld.
+
+[Illustration: _Grave of Lola Montez, in Green-wood Cemetery, New
+York_
+
+(_Photo by Miss Ida U. Mellen, New York_)]
+
+
+IV
+
+Misrepresented as she had been in her life, Lola Montez was even more
+misrepresented after her death. The breath was scarcely out of her
+body, when a flood of cowardly scurrilities was poured from the gutter
+press. Her good deeds were forgotten; only her derelictions were
+remembered.
+
+One such obituary notice began:
+
+     "A woman who, in the full light of the nineteenth century,
+     renewed all the scandals that disgraced the Middle Ages,
+     and, with an audacity that is almost unparalleled, seated
+     herself upon the steps of a throne, is worthy of mention; if
+     only to show to what extent vice can sometimes triumph, and
+     to what a fall it can eventually come."
+
+An editorial, which was published in one of the New York papers,
+contained some odd passages:
+
+     "Among the most ardent admirers of Lola Montez was a young
+     Scotsman, a member of the illustrious house of Lennox, who
+     was with difficulty restrained by his family from offering
+     her his hand. In London the deceased led a gay life, being
+     courted by the Earl of Malmesbury and other distinguished
+     noblemen. Wherever she went, she was the observed of all
+     observers, conquering the hearts of men of all countries by
+     her beauty and blandishments, and their admiration by her
+     unflinching independence of character and superior
+     intellectual endowments."
+
+The death of Lola Montez did not pass without comment in England. The
+_Athenæum_ necrologist accorded her half a column of obituary, in
+which she was described as "this pretty, picaroon woman, whose name
+can never be omitted from any chronicle of Bavaria."
+
+A Grub Street hack, employed by the curiously named _Gentleman's
+Magazine_, slung together a column of abuse and lies, founded on
+tap-room gossip:
+
+     "When not yet sixteen, she ran away from a school near Cork
+     with a young officer of the Bengal Army, Lieutenant Gilbert
+     (_sic_), who married her and took her to India. In
+     consequence of her bad conduct there, he was soon obliged to
+     send her back to Europe. She first tried the stage as a
+     profession, but, failing at it, she eventually adopted a
+     career of infamy."
+
+A writer in _Temple Bar_ has endeavoured, and, on the whole, with fair
+measure of success, to preserve the balance:
+
+     "With more of the good and more of the evil in her
+     composition than in that of most of her sisters, Lola Montez
+     made a wreck of her life by giving reins to the latter; and
+     she stands out as a prominent example of the impossibility
+     of a woman breaking away from the responsibilities of her
+     sex with any permanent gain, either to herself or to
+     society. Her passionate, enthusiastic and loving nature was
+     her strength which, by fascinating all who came into contact
+     with her, was also her weakness."
+
+Cameron Rogers, writing on "Gay and Gallant Ladies," sums up the
+career of Lola Montez in deft fashion:
+
+     "Thus passed one who has been called the Cleopatra and the
+     Aspasia of the nineteenth century. A very gallant and
+     courageous lady, certainly; and, though she used her beauty
+     and her mind not in accordance with the Decalogue, yet
+     worthy to be remembered as much for the excellent vigour of
+     the latter as for the perfection of the former. Individual
+     damnation or salvation in such a case as hers are matters of
+     strict opinion; but for Lola's brief to the last judgment
+     there is an ancient tag that might never be more aptly
+     appended. Like the moral of her life, it is exceedingly
+     trite--_Quia multum amavit._"
+
+This is well put.
+
+
+V
+
+Even after she was in it, and might, one would think, have been left
+there in peace, the dead woman was not allowed to rest quietly in her
+grave. Some years later her mantle was impudently assumed by an
+alleged actress, who, dubbing herself "Countess of Landsfeld,"
+undertook a lecture tour in America. If she had no other gift, this
+one certainly had that of imagination. "I was born," she said to a
+reporter, "in Florence, and my mother, Lola Montez, was really married
+to the King Ludwig of Bavaria. This marriage was strictly valid, and
+my mother's title of countess was afterwards conferred on myself. The
+earliest recollections I have are of being brought up by some nuns in
+a convent in the Black Forest. But for the help of the good Dr.
+Döllinger, who assisted me to escape, I should still have been kept
+there, a victim of political interests."
+
+This nonsense was eagerly swallowed; and for some time the
+pseudo-"Countess" attracted a following and reaped a rich harvest. It
+was not until diplomatic representations were made that her career was
+checked.
+
+On Christmas Day, 1898, a New York obituary announced the death of a
+woman, Alice Devereux, the wife of a carpenter in poor circumstances.
+It further declared that she was the "daughter of the notorious Lola
+Montez, and may well have been the grand-daughter of Lord Byron." To
+this it added: "Society has maintained a studious and charitable
+reserve as to the parentage of Lola Montez. All that is definitely
+known on the subject is that a fox-hunting Irish squire, Sir Edward
+Gilbert, was the husband of her mother." Thus is "history" written.
+
+Nor would the "Spirits" leave poor Lola in peace. In the year 1888 a
+woman "medium," calling herself Madam Anna O'Delia Diss DeBar (but,
+under pressure, admitting to several _aliases_) claimed to be a
+daughter of Lola Montez. As such, she conducted a number of séances,
+and, in return for cash down, evoked the spirit of her alleged mother.
+Some of the cash was extracted from the pocket of a credulous lawyer,
+one Luther Marsh. Thinking he had not had fair value for his dollars,
+he eventually prosecuted Madam for fraud, and had her sent to prison.
+
+She was not disturbed again until the winter of 1929, when an Austrian
+"medium," Rudi Schneider, with, to adopt the jargon of his craft, a
+"trance-personality" called Olga (who professed to be an incarnation
+of Lola Montez), gave some séances in London. The extinguishing of the
+lights and the wheezing of a gramophone were followed by the usual
+"manifestations." Thus, curtains flapped, books fell off chairs,
+tambourines rattled in locked cupboards, and bells jangled, etc. But
+Lola Montez herself was too bashful to appear. None the less, a number
+of "scientists" (all un-named) afterwards announced that "everything
+was very satisfactory."
+
+Thinking that these claims to get into touch with the dead should be
+subjected to a more adequate test, Mr. Harry Price, director of the
+National Laboratory of Psychical Research, arranged for Rudi
+Schneider to give a sample of his powers to a committee of experts. As
+a convincing test, Major Hervey de Montmorency (a nephew of the Mr.
+Francis Leigh with whom Lola had once lived in Paris) suggested that
+the accomplished "Olga" should be asked the name of his uncle (which
+was different from his own) and the circumstances under which they had
+parted. This was done, and "Olga" promised to give full details at the
+next sitting. But the promise was not kept. "She conveniently shelved
+every question," says the official report. Altogether, Rudi
+Schneider's stock fell.
+
+
+VI
+
+The body of Lola Montez, Countess of Landsfeld, and Canoness of the
+Order of St. Thérèse, has now been crumbling in the dust of a distant
+grave, far from her own kith and kindred, for upwards of seventy
+years. Her name, however, will still be remembered when that of other
+women who have filled a niche in history will have been forgotten.
+
+Lola Montez was no common adventuress. By her beauty and intelligence
+and magnetism she weaved a spell on well nigh all who came within her
+radius. Never any member of her sex quite like this one. Had she been
+born in the Middle Ages, superstition would have had it that Venus
+herself was revisiting the haunts of men in fresh guise. But she would
+then probably have perished at the stake, accused of witchcraft by her
+political opponents. As it was, even in the year 1848 a sovereign
+demanded that a professional exorcist should "drive the devil out of
+her."
+
+To present Lola Montez at her true worth, to adjust the balance
+between her merits and her demerits, is a difficult task. A woman of a
+hundred opposing facets; of rare culture and charm, and of whims and
+fancies and strange enthusiasms each battling with the other. Thus, by
+turns tender and callous, hot-tempered and soft-hearted; childishly
+simple in some things, and amazingly shrewd in others; trusting and
+suspicious; arrogant and humble, yet supremely indifferent to public
+opinion; grateful for kindness and loyal to her friends, but neither
+forgetting nor forgiving an injury. Men had treated her worse than she
+had treated them.
+
+For the rest, a flashing, vivid personality, full of resource and high
+courage, and always meeting hard knocks and buffets with equanimity.
+Lola Montez had lived every moment of her life. In the course of their
+career, few women could have cut a wider swath, or one more colourful
+and glamorous. She had beauty and intelligence much above the average.
+All the world had been her stage; and she had played many parts on it.
+Some of them she had played better than others; but all of them she
+had played with distinction. She had boxed the compass as no woman had
+ever yet boxed it. From adventuress to evangelist; coryphée,
+courtesan, and convert, each in turn. At the start a mixture of
+Cleopatra and Aspasia; and at the finish a feminine Pelagian. Equally
+at home in the company of princes and poets and diplomats and
+demireps, during the twenty years she was before the public she had
+scaled heights and sunk to depths. Thus, she had queened it in palaces
+and in camps; danced in opera houses and acted in booths; she had bent
+monarchs and politicians to her will; she had stood on the steps of a
+throne, and in the curb of a gutter; she had known pomp and power,
+riches and poverty, dazzling successes and abject failures; she had
+conducted amours and liaisons and intrigues by the dozen; she had made
+history in two hemispheres; a king had given up his crown for her; men
+had lived for her; and men had died for her.
+
+As with the rest of us, Lola Montez had her faults. Full measure of
+them. But she also had her virtues. She was gallant and generous and
+charitable. At the worst, her heart ruled her head; and if she did
+many a foolish thing, she never did a mean one.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In the final analysis, when the last balance is struck, this will
+surely be placed to her credit.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX I
+
+EXTRACTS FROM "ARTS OF BEAUTY"
+
+BY MADAME LOLA MONTEZ,
+
+COUNTESS OF LANDSFELD
+
+
+A BEAUTIFUL FACE
+
+If it be true "that the face is the index of the mind," the recipe for
+a beautiful face must be something that reaches the soul. What can be
+done for a human face that has a sluggish, sullen, arrogant, angry
+mind looking out of every feature? An habitually ill-natured,
+discontented mind ploughs the face with inevitable marks of its own
+vice. However well shaped, or however bright its complexion, no such
+face can ever become really beautiful. If a woman's soul is without
+cultivation, without taste, without refinement, without the sweetness
+of a happy mind, not all the mysteries of art can ever make her face
+beautiful. And, on the other hand, it is impossible to dim the
+brightness of an elegant and polished intellect. The radiance of a
+charming mind strikes through all deformity of features, and still
+asserts its sway over the world of the affections. It has been my
+privilege to see the most celebrated beauties that shine in all the
+gilded courts of fashion throughout the world, from St. James's to St.
+Petersburgh, from Paris to Hindostan, and yet I have found no art
+which can atone for an unpolished mind, and an unlovely heart. That
+chastened and delightful activity of soul, that spiritual energy which
+gives animation, grace, and living light to the animal frame, is,
+after all, the real source of beauty in a woman. It is _that_ which
+gives eloquence to the language of her eyes, which sends the sweetest
+vermilion mantling to the cheek, and lights up the whole _personnel_
+as if her very body thought. That, ladies, is the ensign of beauty,
+and the herald of charms, which are sure to fill the beholder with
+answering emotion and irrepressible delight.
+
+
+PAINTS AND POWDERS
+
+If Satan has ever had any direct agency in inducing woman to spoil or
+deform her own beauty, it must have been in tempting her to use
+_paints_ and _enamelling_. Nothing so effectually writes _memento
+mori!_ on the cheek of beauty as this ridiculous and culpable
+practice. Ladies ought to know that it is a sure spoiler of the skin,
+and good taste ought to teach them that it is a frightful distorter
+and deformer of the natural beauty of the "human face divine." The
+greatest charm of beauty is in the _expression_ of a lovely face; in
+those divine flashes of joy, and good-nature, and love, which beam in
+the human countenance. But what expression can there be in a face
+bedaubed with white paint and enamelled? No flush of pleasure, no
+thrill of hope, no light of love can shine through the incrusted
+mould. Her face is as expressionless as that of a painted mummy. And
+let no woman imagine that the men do not readily detect this poisonous
+mask upon the skin. Many a time have I seen a gentleman shrink from
+saluting a brilliant lady, as though it was a death's head he were
+compelled to kiss. The secret was that her face and lips were bedaubed
+with paints.
+
+A violently rouged woman is a disgusting sight. The excessive red on
+the face gives a coarseness to every feature, and a general fierceness
+to the countenance, which transforms the elegant lady of fashion into
+a vulgar harridan. But, in no case, can even _rouge_ be used by ladies
+who have passed the age of life when roses are natural to the cheek. A
+_rouged_ old woman is a horrible sight--a distortion of nature's
+harmony!
+
+Paints are not only destructive to the skin, but they are ruinous to
+the health. I have known paralytic affections and premature death to
+be traced to their use. But alas! I am afraid that there never was a
+time when many of the gay and fashionable of my sex did not make
+themselves both contemptible and ridiculous by this disgusting trick.
+
+Let every woman at once understand that paint can do nothing for the
+mouth and lips. The advantage gained by the artificial red is a
+thousand times more than lost by the sure destruction of that delicate
+charm associated with the idea of "nature's dewy lip." There can be no
+_dew_ on a painted lip. And there is no man who does not shrink back
+with disgust from the idea of kissing a pair of painted lips. Nor let
+any woman deceive herself with the idea that the men do not instantly
+detect paint on the lips.
+
+
+A BEAUTIFUL BOSOM
+
+I am aware that this is a subject which must be handled with great
+delicacy; but my book would be incomplete without some notice of this
+"greatest claim of lovely woman." And, besides, it is undoubtedly true
+that a proper discussion of this subject will seem _peculiar_ only to
+the most vulgar minded of both sexes. If it be true, as the old poet
+sung, that
+
+    "Heaven rests on those two heaving hills of snow,"
+
+why should not a woman be suitably instructed in the right management
+of such extraordinary charms?
+
+The first thing to be impressed upon the mind of a lady is that very
+low-necked dresses are in exceeding bad taste, and are quite sure to
+leave upon the mind of a gentleman an equivocal idea, to say the
+least. A word to the wise on this subject is sufficient. If a young
+lady has no father, or brother, or husband to direct her taste in this
+matter, she will do well to sit down and commit the above statement to
+memory. It is a charm which a woman, who understands herself, will
+leave not to the public eye of man, but to his imagination. She knows
+that _modesty_ is the divine spell that binds the heart of man to her
+forever. But my observation has taught me that few women are well
+informed as to the physical management of this part of their bodies.
+The bosom, which nature has formed with exquisite symmetry in itself,
+and admirable adaptation to the parts of the figure to which it is
+united, is often transformed into a shape, and transplanted to a place
+which deprives it of its original beauty and harmony with the rest of
+the person. This deforming metamorphosis is effected by means of stiff
+stays, or corsets, which force the part out of its natural position,
+and destroy the natural tension and firmness in which so much of its
+beauty consists. A young lady should be instructed that she is not to
+allow even her own hand to press it too roughly. But, above all
+things, to avoid, especially when young, the constant pressure of such
+hard substances as whalebone and steel; for, besides the destruction
+to beauty, they are liable to produce all the terrible consequences of
+abscesses and cancers. Even the padding which ladies use to give a
+full appearance, where there is a deficient bosom, is sure in a little
+time to entirely destroy all the natural beauty of the parts. As soon
+as it becomes apparent that the bosom lacks the rounded fullness due
+to the rest of her form, instead of trying to repair the deficiency
+with artificial padding, it should be clothed as loosely as possible,
+so as to avoid the least artificial pressure. Not only its growth is
+stopped, but its complexion is spoiled by these tricks. Let the growth
+of this beautiful part be left as unconfined as the young cedar, or as
+the lily of the field.
+
+
+BEAUTY OF DEPORTMENT
+
+It is essential that every lady should understand that the most
+beautiful and well-dressed woman will fail to be _charming_ unless all
+her other attractions are set off with a graceful and fascinating
+deportment. A pretty face may be seen everywhere, beautiful and
+gorgeous dresses are common enough, but how seldom do we meet with a
+really beautiful and enchanting demeanour! It was this charm of
+deportment which suggested to the French cardinal the expression of
+"the native paradise of angels." The first thing to be said on the art
+of deportment is that what is becoming at one age would be most
+improper and ridiculous at another. For a young girl, for instance, to
+sit as grave and stiff as "her grandmother cut in alabaster" would be
+ridiculous enough, but not so much so, as for an old woman to assume
+the romping merriment of girlhood. She would deservedly draw only
+contempt and laughter upon herself.
+
+Indeed a modest mien always makes a woman charming. Modesty is to
+woman what the mantle of green is to nature--its ornament and highest
+beauty. What a miracle-working charm there is in a blush--what
+softness and majesty in natural _simplicity_, without which pomp is
+contemptible, and elegance itself ungraceful.
+
+There can be no doubt that the highest incitement to love is in
+modesty. So well do wise women of the world know this, that they take
+infinite pains to learn to wear the semblance of it, with the same
+tact, and with the same motive that they array themselves in
+attractive apparel. They have taken a lesson from Sir Joshua Reynolds,
+who says: "men are like certain animals who will feed only when there
+is but little provender, and that got at with difficulty through the
+bars of a rack; but refuse to touch it when there is an abundance
+before them." It is certainly important that all women should
+understand this; and it is no more than fair that they should practise
+upon it, since men always treat them with disingenuous untruthfulness
+in this matter. Men may amuse themselves with a noisy, loud-laughing,
+loquacious girl; it is the quiet, subdued, modest, and seeming bashful
+deportment which is the one that stands the fairest chance of carrying
+off their hearts.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX II
+
+EXTRACTS FROM "LOLA MONTEZ' LECTURES"
+
+
+BEAUTIFUL WOMEN
+
+The last and most difficult office imposed on Psyche was to descend to
+the lower regions and bring back a portion of Proserpine's beauty in a
+box. The too inquisitive goddess, impelled by curiosity or perhaps by
+a desire to add to her own charms, raised the lid, and behold there
+issued forth--a vapour I which was all there was of that wondrous
+beauty.
+
+In attempting to give a definition of beauty, I have painfully felt
+the force of this classic parable. If I settle upon a standard of
+beauty in Paris, I find it will not do when I get to Constantinople.
+Personal qualities, the most opposite imaginable, are each looked upon
+as beautiful in different countries, and even by different people of
+the same country. That which is deformity in New York may be beauty in
+Pekin. At one place the sighing lover sees "Helen" in an Egyptian
+brow. In China, black teeth, painted eyelids, and plucked eyebrows are
+beautiful; and should a woman's feet be large enough to walk upon,
+their owners are looked upon as monsters of ugliness.
+
+With the modern Greeks and other nations on the shores of the
+Mediterranean, corpulency is the perfection of form in a woman; the
+very attributes which disgust the western European form the highest
+attractions of an Oriental fair. It was from the common and admired
+shape of his countrywomen that Reubens, in his pictures, delights in a
+vulgar and almost odious plumpness. He seems to have no idea of beauty
+under two hundred pounds. His very Graces are all fat.
+
+Hair is a beautiful ornament of woman, but it has always been a
+disputed point as to what colour it shall be. I believe that most
+people nowadays look upon a red head with disfavour--but in the times
+of Queen Elizabeth it was in fashion. Mary of Scotland, though she had
+exquisite hair of her own, wore red fronts out of compliment to
+fashion and the red-headed Queen of England.
+
+That famous beauty, Cleopatra, was red-haired also; and the Venetian
+ladies to this day counterfeit yellow hair.
+
+Yellow hair has a higher authority still. THE ORDER OF THE GOLDEN
+FLEECE, instituted by Philip, Duke of Burgundy, was in honour of a
+frail beauty whose hair was yellow.
+
+So, ladies and gentlemen, this thing of beauty which I come to talk
+about, has a somewhat migratory and fickle standard of its own. All
+the lovers of the world will have their own idea of the thing in spite
+of me.
+
+But where are we to detect this especial source of power? Often
+forsooth in a dimple, sometimes beneath the shade of an eyelid or
+perhaps among the tresses of a little fantastic curl!
+
+I once knew a nobleman who used to try to make himself wise, and to
+emancipate his heart from its thraldom to a celebrated beauty of the
+court, by continually repeating to himself: "But it is short-lived,"
+"It won't last--it won't last!"
+
+Ah, me! that is too true--it won't last. Beauty has its date, and it
+is the penalty of nature that girls must fade and become wizened as
+their grandmothers have done before them.
+
+In teaching a young lady to dress elegantly we must first impress upon
+her mind that symmetry of figure ought ever to be accompanied by
+harmony of dress, and that there is a certain propriety in habiliment,
+adapted to form, complexion, and age. To preserve the health of the
+human form is the first object of consideration, for without that you
+can neither maintain its symmetry nor improve its beauty. But the
+foundation of a just proportion must be laid in infancy. "As the twig
+is bent the tree's inclined." A light dress, which gives freedom to
+the functions of life, is indispensable to an unobstructed growth. If
+the young fibres are uninterrupted by obstacles of art, they will
+shoot harmoniously into the form which nature drew. The garb of
+childhood should in all respects be easy--not to impede its movements
+by ligatures on the chest, the loins, the legs, or the arms. By this
+liberty we shall see the muscles of the limbs gradually assume the
+fine swell and insertion which only unconstrained exercise can
+produce. The chest will sway gracefully on the firmly poised waist,
+swelling in noble and healthy expanse, and the whole figure will start
+forward at the blooming age of youth, and early ripen to the maturity
+of beauty.
+
+The lovely form of women, thus educated, or rather thus left to its
+natural growth, assumes a variety of charming characters. In one
+youthful figure, we see the lineaments of a wood nymph, a form slight
+and elastic in all its parts. The shape:
+
+    "Small by degrees, and beautifully less,
+    From the soft bosom to the slender waist!"
+
+A foot as light as that of her whose flying step scarcely brushed the
+"unbending corn," and limbs whose agile grace moved in harmony with
+the curves of her swan-like neck, and the beams of her sparkling eyes.
+
+To repair these ravages, comes the aid of padding to give shape where
+there is none, stays to compress into form the swelling chaos of
+flesh, and paints of all hues to rectify the dingy complexion; but
+useless are these attempts--for, if dissipation, late hours,
+immoderation, and carelessness have wrecked the loveliness of female
+charms, it is not in the power of Esculapius himself to refit the
+shattered bark, or of the Syrens, with all their songs and wiles, to
+save its battered sides from the rocks, and make it ride the sea in
+gallant trim again. The fair lady who cannot so moderate her pursuit
+of pleasure that the feast, the midnight hour, the dance, shall not
+recur too frequently, must relinquish the hope of preserving her
+charms till the time of nature's own decay. After this moderation in
+the indulgence of pleasure, the next specific for the preservation of
+beauty which I shall give, is that of gentle and daily exercise in the
+open air. Nature teaches us, in the gambols and sportiveness of the
+lower animals, that bodily exertion is necessary for the growth,
+vigour, and symmetry of the animal frame; while the too studious
+scholar and the indolent man of luxury exhibit in themselves the
+pernicious consequences of the want of exercise.
+
+Many a rich lady would give thousands of dollars for that full rounded
+arm, and that peach bloom on the cheek, possessed by her kitchen-maid.
+Well, might she not have had both, by the same amount of exercise and
+simple living?
+
+But I weary of this subject of cosmetics, as every woman of sense will
+at last weary of the use of them. It is a lesson which is sure to
+come; but, in the lives of most fashionable ladies, it has small
+chance of being needed until that unmentionable time, when men shall
+cease to make baubles and playthings of them. It takes most women
+two-thirds of their lifetime to discover that men may be amused by,
+without respecting, them; and every woman may make up her mind that to
+be really respected she must possess merit; she must have
+accomplishments of mind and heart, and there can be no real beauty
+without these. If the soul is without cultivation, without refinement,
+without taste, without the sweetness of affection, not all the
+mysteries of art can make the face beautiful; and, on the other hand,
+it is impossible to dim the brightness of an elegant and polished
+mind; its radiance strikes through the encasements of deformity, and
+asserts its sway over the world of the affections.
+
+
+GALLANTRY
+
+A history of the beginning of the reign of gallantry would carry us
+back to the creation of the world; for I believe that about the first
+thing that man began to do after he was created, was to make love to
+woman.
+
+There was no discussion, then, about "woman's rights," or "woman's
+influence"--woman had whatever her soul desired, and her will was the
+watchword for battle or peace. Love was as marked a feature in the
+chivalric character as valour; and he who understood how to break a
+lance, and did not understand how to win a lady, was held to be but
+half a man. He fought to gain her smiles--he lived to be worthy of her
+love.
+
+In those days, to be "a servant of the ladies" was no mere figure of
+the imagination--and to be in love was no idle pastime; but to be
+profoundly, furiously, almost ridiculously in earnest. In the mind of
+the cavalier, woman was a being of mystic power. As in the old forests
+of Germany, she had been listened to like a spirit of the woods,
+melodious, solemn and oracular. So when chivalry became an
+institution, the same idea of something supernaturally beautiful in
+her character threw a shadow over her life, and she was not only loved
+but revered. And never were men more constant to their fair ladies
+than in the proudest days of chivalry.
+
+There is no such thing as genuine gallantry either in France or
+England. In France the relation between the sexes is too fickle,
+variable, and insincere, for any nearer approach to gallantry than
+flirtation; while in England the aristocracy, which is the only class
+in that country that could have the genuine feeling of gallantry, are
+turned shop-owners and tradesmen. The Smiths and the Joneses who
+figure on the signboards have the nobility standing behind them as
+silent partners. The business habits of the United States and the
+examples of rapid fortunes in this country have quite turned the head
+of John Bull, and he is very fast becoming a sharp, thrifty,
+money-getting Yankee. A business and commercial people have no leisure
+for the cultivation of that feeling and romance which is the
+foundation of gallantry. The activities of human nature seek other
+more practical and more useful channels of excitement. Instead of
+devoting a life to the worship and service of the fair ladies, they
+are building telegraphs, railroads, steamboats, constructing schemes
+of finance, and enlarging the area of practical civilization.
+
+
+HEROINES OF HISTORY
+
+In attempting to give a definition of strong-minded women, I find it
+necessary to distinguish between just ideas of strength and what is so
+considered by the modern woman's rights' movement.
+
+A very estimable woman by the name of Mrs. Bloomer obtained the
+reputation of being strong-minded by curtailing her skirts six inches,
+a compliment which certainly excites no envious feeling in my heart;
+for I am philosophically puzzled to know how cutting six inches off a
+woman's dress can possibly add anything to the height of her head.
+
+One or two hundred women getting together in convention and resolving
+that they are an abused community, and that all the men are great
+tyrants and rascals, proves plainly enough that they--the women--are
+somehow discontented, and that they have, perhaps, a certain amount of
+courage, but I cannot see that it proves them to have any remarkable
+strength of mind.
+
+Really strong-minded women are not women of words, but of deeds; not
+of resolutions, but of actions. History does not teach me that they
+have ever consumed much time in conventions and in passing resolutions
+about their rights; but they have been very prompt to assert their
+rights, and to defend them too, and to take the consequences of
+defeat.
+
+Thus all history is full of startling examples of female heroism,
+which prove that woman's heart is made of as stout a stuff and of as
+brave a mettle as that which beats within the ribs of the coarser sex.
+And if we were permitted to descend from this high plane of public
+history into the private homes of the world, in which sex, think you,
+should we there find the purest spirit of heroism? Who suffers sorrow
+and pain with the most heroism of heart? Who, in the midst of poverty,
+neglect and crushing despair, holds on most bravely through the
+terrible struggle, and never yields even to the fearful demands of
+necessity until death wrests the last weapon of defence from her
+hands? Ah, if all this unwritten heroism of woman could be brought to
+the light, even man himself would cast his proud wreath of fame at her
+feet!
+
+Rousseau asserts that "all great revolutions were owing to women." The
+French Revolution, the last great and stirring event upon which the
+world looks back, arose, as Burke ill-naturedly expresses it, "amidst
+the yells and violence of women." We accept the compliment which Burke
+here pays to the power of woman, and attribute the coarseness of his
+language to the bitter repugnance which every Englishman of that day
+had to everything that was French. No, Mr. Burke, it was not by "yells
+and violence" that the great women of France helped on that mighty
+revolution--it was by the combined power of intellect and beauty. Nor
+will women who get together in conventions for the purpose of berating
+men, ever accomplish anything. They can effect legislation only by
+quiet and judicious counsel, with such means as control the judgment
+and the heart of legislators. And the experience of the world has
+pretty well proved that a man's judgment is pretty easily controlled
+when his heart is once persuaded.
+
+
+COMIC ASPECT OF LOVE
+
+My subject to-night is the comic aspect of love. No doubt most of you
+have had some little experience, at least in the sentimental and
+sighing side of the tender passion; and what I propose to do is to
+give you the humorous or comic side. Perhaps I ought to begin by
+begging pardon of the ladies for treating so sacred a thing as love in
+a comic way, or for turning the ludicrous side of so charming a thing
+as they find love to be, to the gaze of men--but I wish to premise
+that I shall not so treat sensible or rational love. Of that beautiful
+feeling, less warm than passion, yet more tender than friendship, I
+shall not for a moment speak irreverently; of that pure disinterested
+affection--as charming as it is reasonable, which one sex feels for
+the other, I cannot speak lightly. But there is a certain romantic
+senseless kind of love, such as poets sometimes celebrate, and men
+and women feign, which is a legitimate target for ridicule. This kind
+of love is fanciful and foolish; it is not the offspring of the heart,
+but of the imagination. I know that generous deeds and contempt of
+death have sometimes covered this folly with a veil. The arts have
+twined for it a fantastic wreath, and the Muses have decked it with
+the sweetest flowers: but this makes it none the less ridiculous nor
+dangerous. Love of this romantic sort is an abstraction much too light
+and subtle to sustain a tangible existence in the midst of the
+jostling relations of this busy world. It is a mere bubble thrown to
+the surface by the passions and fancies of men, and soon breaks by
+contact with the hard facts of daily life. It is a thing which bears
+but little handling. The German Wieland, who was a great disciple of
+love, was of opinion that "its metaphysical effects began with the
+first sigh, and ended with the first kiss!" Plato was not far out of
+the way when he called it "a great devil"; and the man or woman who is
+really possessed of it will find it a very hard one to cast out.
+
+Of the refinements of love the great mass of men can know nothing. The
+truth is that sentimental love is so much a matter of the imagination
+that the uncultivated have no natural field for its display. In
+America you can hardly realise the full force of this truth, because
+the distinctions of class are happily nearly obliterated. Here
+intellectual culture seems to be about equally divided among all
+classes. I suppose it is not singular in this country to find the
+poorest cobbler, whose little shanty is next to the proud mansion of
+some millionaire, a man of really more mental attainments than his
+rich and haughty neighbour; in which case the millionaire will do well
+to look to it that the cobbler does not make love to his wife; and if
+he does, nobody need care much, for the millionaire will be quite sure
+to reciprocate.
+
+The great statute, "tit-for-tat," is, I believe, equally the law of
+all nations; besides, love is a great leveller of distinction, and it
+is in this levelling mission that it performs some of its most
+ridiculous antics. When a rich man's daughter runs off with her
+father's coachman, as occasionally happens, the whole country is in a
+roar of laughter about it. There is an innate, popular perception of
+the ridiculous, but everybody sees and feels that in such cases it is
+misplaced and grotesque. Everyone perceives that the woman's heart has
+taken the bit in its mouth, and run away with her brains. But, as
+comedy is often nearly allied to tragedy, so sorrow is sure to come as
+soon as the little honeymoon is over. This romantic love cannot
+flourish in the soil of poverty and want. Indeed, all the stimulants
+which pride and luxury can administer to it can hardly keep it alive.
+The rich miss who runs away with a man far beneath her in education
+and refinement must inevitably awake, after a brief dream, to a state
+of things which have made her unfortunate for life; and he, poor man,
+will not be less wretched, unless she has brought him sufficient money
+to give him leisure and opportunity to indulge his fancies with that
+society which is on a level with his own tastes and education.
+
+
+WITS AND WOMEN OF PARIS
+
+The French wits tell a laughable story of an untravelled Englishman
+who, on landing at Calais, was received by a sulky red-haired hostess,
+when he instantly wrote down in his note-book: "All French women are
+sulky and red-haired."
+
+We never heard whether this Englishman afterwards corrected his first
+impressions of French women, but quite likely he never did, for there
+is nothing so difficult on earth as for an Englishman to get over
+first impressions, and especially is this the case in relation to
+everything in France. An aristocratic Englishman may live years in
+Paris without really knowing anything about it. In the first place, he
+goes there with letters of introduction to the Faubourg St. Germain,
+where he finds only the fossil remains of the old _noblesse_,
+intermixed with a slight proportion of the actual intelligence of the
+country, and here he moves round in the stagnant circles of historical
+France, and it is a wonder if he gets so much as a glimpse of the
+living progressive Paris. There is nothing on earth, unless it be a
+three-thousand-year-old mummy, that is so grim and stiff and
+shrivelled, as the pure old French nobility. France is at present the
+possessor of three separate and opposing nobilities. First, there is
+the nobility of the Empire, the Napoleonic nobility, which is based on
+military and civil genius; second, there is the Orleans nobility, the
+family of the late Louis-Philippe, represented in the person of the
+young Comte de Paris; third, the Legitimists, or the old aristocracy
+of the Bourbon stock, represented in the person of Henry V, Duc de
+Bordeaux, now some fifty years old, and laid snugly away in exile in
+Italy.
+
+No description which I can give can convey a just idea of the
+fascination of society among such wits as Dejazet; and nowhere do you
+find that kind of society so complete as in Paris. Nowhere else do you
+find so many women of wit and genius mingling in the assemblies and
+festive occasions of literary men; and I may add that in no part of
+the world is literary society so refined, so brilliant, and charmingly
+intellectual as in Paris. It is a great contrast to literary society
+in London or America. Listen to the following confession of Lord
+Byron: "I have left an assembly filled with all the great names of
+_haut-ton_ in London, and where little but names were to be found, to
+seek relief from the _ennui_ that overpowered me, in a cider cellar!
+and have found there more food for speculation than in the vapid
+circles of glittering dullness I had left."
+
+One of the most remarkable and the most noted persons to be met with
+in Paris is Madame Dudevant, commonly known as Georges Sand. She is
+now about fifty years of age (it is no crime to speak of the age of a
+woman of her genius), a large, masculine, coarse-featured woman, but
+with fine eyes, and open, easy, frank, and hearty in her manner to
+friends. To a discerning mind her writings will convey a correct idea
+of the woman. You meet her everywhere dressed in men's clothes--a
+custom which she adopts from no mere caprice or waywardness of
+character, but for the reason that in this garb she is enabled to go
+where she pleases without exciting curiosity, and seeing and hearing
+what is most useful and essential for her in writing her books. She is
+undoubtedly the most masculine mind of France at the present day.
+Through the folly of her relations she was early married to a fool,
+but she soon left him in disgust, and afterwards formed a friendship
+with Jules Sandeau, a novelist and clever critic. It was he who
+discovered her genius, and first caused her to write. It was the name
+of this author, Jules Sandeau, that she altered into Georges Sand--a
+name which she has made immortal.
+
+Georges Sand in company is silent, and except when the conversation
+touches a sympathetic chord in her nature, little given to
+demonstration. Then she will talk earnestly on great matters,
+generally on philosophy or theology, but in vain will you seek to draw
+her into conversation on the little matters of ordinary chit-chat. She
+lives in a small circle of friends, where she can say and do as she
+pleases. Her son is a poor, weak-brained creature, perpetually
+annoying the whole neighbourhood by beating on a huge drum night and
+day. She has a daughter married to Chlessindur, the celebrated
+sculptor, but who resembles but little her talented mother. Madame
+Georges Sand has had a life of wild storms, with few rays of sunshine
+to brighten her pathway; and like most of the reformers of the present
+day, especially if it is her misfortune to be a woman, is a target to
+be placed in a conspicuous position, to be shot at by all dark,
+unenlightened human beings who may have peculiar motives for
+restraining the progress of mind; but it is as absurd in this glorious
+nineteenth century to attempt to destroy freedom of thought and the
+sovereignty of the individual, as it is to stop the falls of Niagara.
+
+There was a gifted and fashionable lady (the Countess of Agoult),
+herself an accomplished authoress, concerning whom and Georges Sand a
+curious story is told. They were great friends, and the celebrated
+pianist Liszt was the admirer of both. Things went on smoothly for
+some time, all _couleur de rose_, when one fine day Lizst and Georges
+Sand disappeared suddenly from Paris, having taken it into their heads
+to make the tour of Switzerland for the summer together. Great was the
+indignation of the fair countess at this double desertion; and when
+they returned to Paris, Madame d'Agoult went to Georges Sand, and
+immediately challenged the great writer to a duel, the weapons to be
+finger-nails, etc. Poor Lizst ran out of the room, and locked himself
+up in a dark closet till the deadly affray was ended, and then made
+his body over in charge to a friend, to be preserved, as he said, for
+the remaining assailant. Madame d'Agoult was married to an old man, a
+book-worm, who cared for nought else but his library; he did not know
+even the number of children he possessed, and so little the old
+philosopher cared about the matter that when a stranger came to the
+house, he invariably, at the appearance of the family, said: "Allow me
+to present to you my wife's children"; all this with the blandest
+smile and most contented air.
+
+
+ROMANISM
+
+I know not that history has anything more wonderful to show than the
+part which the Catholic Church has borne in the various civilizations
+of the world.
+
+What a marvellous structure it is, with its hierarchy ranging through
+long centuries almost from apostolic days to our own; living side by
+side with forms of civilisation and uncivilisation, the most diverse
+and the most contradictory, through all the fifteen hundred years and
+more of its existence; asserting an effective control over opinions
+and institutions; with its pontificate (as is claimed) dating from the
+fisherman of Galilee, and still reigning there in the city that heard
+Saint Peter preach, and whom it saw martyred; impiously pretending to
+sit in his chair and to bear his keys; shaken, exiled, broken again
+and again by schism, by Lutheran revolts and French revolutions; yet
+always righting itself and reasserting a vitality that neither force
+nor opinion has yet been able to extinguish. Once with its foot on the
+neck of kings, and having the fate of empires in its hands, and even
+yet superintending the grandest ecclesiastical mechanism that man ever
+saw; ordering fast days and feast days, and regulating with omnipotent
+fiat the very diet of millions of people; having countless bands of
+religious soldiery trained, organized, and officered as such a
+soldiery never was before nor since; and backed by an infallibility
+that defies reason, an inquisition to bend or break the will, and a
+confessional to unlock all hearts and master the profoundest secrets
+of all consciences. Such has been the mighty Church of Rome, and there
+it is still, cast down, to be sure, from what it once was, but not yet
+destroyed; perplexed by the variousness and freedom of an intellectual
+civilisation, which it hates and vainly tries to crush; laboriously
+trying to adapt itself to the Europe of the nineteenth century, as it
+once did to the Europe of the twelfth; lengthening its cords and
+strengthening its stakes, enlarging the place of its tent, and
+stretching forth the curtains of its habitations, even to this
+Republic of the New World.
+
+The only wonder is that such a church should be able to push its
+fortunes so far into the centre of modern civilization, with which it
+can feel no sympathy, and which it only embraces to destroy. I confess
+I find it difficult to believe that a total lie could administer
+comfort and aid to so many millions of souls; and the explanation is,
+no doubt, that it is all not a total lie; for even its worse doctrines
+are founded on certain great truths which are accepted by the common
+heart of humanity.
+
+There is such a thing as universal truth, and there is such a thing as
+apostolic succession, made not by edicts, bulls, and church canons,
+but by an interior life divine and true. But all these Rome has
+perverted, by hardening the diffusive spirit of truth into so much
+mechanism cast into a mould in which it has been forcibly kept; and by
+getting progressively falser and falser as the world has got older and
+wiser, till the universality became only another name for a narrow and
+intolerant sectism, while the infallibility committed itself to
+absurdity, and which reason turns giddy, and faith has no resource but
+to shut her eyes; and the apostolic succession became narrowed down
+into a mere dynasty of priests and pontiffs. A hierarchy of magicians,
+saving souls by machinery, opening and shutting the kingdom of heaven
+by a "sesame" of incantations which it would have been the labour of a
+lifetime to make so much as intelligible to St. Peter or St. Paul.
+
+Now who shall compute the stupefying and brutalising effects of such a
+religion? Who will dare say that a principle which so debases reason
+is not like bands of iron around the expanding heart and struggling
+limbs of modern freedom?
+
+Who will dare tell me that this terrible Church does not lie upon the
+bosom of the present time like a vast unwieldy and offensive corpse,
+crushing the life-blood out of the body of modern civilization? It is
+not as a religious creed that we are looking at this thing; it is not
+for its theological sins that we are here to condemn it; but it is its
+effect upon political and social freedom that we are discussing. What
+must be the ultimate political and social freedom that we are
+discussing? What must be the ultimate political night that settles
+upon a people who are without individuality of opinions and
+independence of will, and whose brains are made tools of in the hands
+of a clan or an order? Look out there into that sad Europe, and see it
+all! See, there, how the Catholic element everywhere marks itself with
+night, and drags the soul, and energies, and freedom of the people
+backwards and downwards into political and social inaction--into
+unfathomable quagmires of death!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+INDEX
+
+
+Abel, Carl von, 115,120,126,129,143,149
+
+Abrahamowicz, Colonel, 68, 69
+
+Académie, Royale, 65-67
+
+Acton, 168
+
+Adelaide, Queen Dowager, 51
+
+Adelaide, Australia, 223
+
+Adelbert, Prince, 160
+
+_Adventuresses and Adventurous Ladies_, 15
+
+"Affair of Honour," 80-81
+
+Afghan Campaign, 30, 32
+
+Agra, 33
+
+Albany Museum, 193
+
+Albert, Madame, 76
+
+Alexander I, 95, 105
+
+Alexandra, Princess, 105
+
+Alemannia Corps, 116, 121, 128, 140, 144, 147, 148, 152, 204
+
+Alhambra Theatre, 243
+
+_Allegemeine Zeitung_, 124, 143
+
+_Almanach de Gotha_, 91
+
+"Andalusian Woman," 138
+
+Anderson, Professor, 190, 212
+
+Andrews, Stephen, 253
+
+_Annual Register_, 149
+
+Anstruther, Sir John, 158
+
+_Antony and Cleopatra_, 223
+
+_Archives de la Danse_, 8
+
+Aretz, Gertrude, 7, 113
+
+Argonaut Publishing Company, 8
+
+"Army of the Indus," 30
+
+_Arts of Beauty_, 234-239, 267
+
+Aschaffensberg, 132
+
+Assaye, Battle of, 18
+
+_Assemblée Nationale_, 179
+
+Astley's Theatre, 243
+
+_Athenæum_, 94, 250, 262
+
+Athens, 95
+
+Auckland House, 35
+
+Auckland, Lord, 30-32
+
+Augsburg, Bishop of, 119
+
+_Augsburger Zeitung_, 129
+
+Australia, 203, 211
+
+Austrian Legation, 141
+
+_Autobiography of Lola Montez_, 230, 231
+
+Azan, Dr., 241
+
+
+Bac, Ferdinand, 6, 7, 91
+
+Baden, 91
+
+Baker, Mrs. Charles, 7
+
+Balaclava, 213
+
+Ballantine, Serjeant, 164, 176
+
+Ballarat, Lola Montez in, 221-227
+
+"Ballarat Reform League," 222
+
+_Ballarat Star_, 223, 226
+
+_Ballarat Times_, 225, 226
+
+Balzac, Honoré de, 75, 81
+
+Bamberg, 125
+
+Barcelona, 178, 179
+
+Bareilly, 33
+
+Barerstrasse, Lola's house in, 106, 107, 113, 138, 141, 151
+
+Barlow, Lucy, 156
+
+Barnum, Phineas, 188, 242
+
+Bath, Lecture at, 242
+
+Bath in the 'Thirties, 19-21
+
+Bauer, Captain, 140
+
+Bavaria, Kingdom of, 94
+
+Bayersdorf Palace, 100
+
+Bayonne, 228
+
+Beaconsfield, Earl of, 169
+
+Beauchene, Atala, 75
+
+Beaujon Villa, 184
+
+"Beautiful for Ever!", 248
+
+"Beautiful Women," Lecture on, 237, 244-248, 271-273
+
+Beauvallon, Rosemond de, 75-90
+
+Beauvoir, Roger de, 75, 79, 87, 184, 249
+
+Bedford, Earl of, 168
+
+Beethoven Festival, 82
+
+Belgium, Lola Montez in, 61
+
+Bendigo, Theatre at, 227
+
+Beneden, Johann, 6
+
+Bengal Artillery, 29
+
+Bengal Native Infantry, 27
+
+Benkendorff, Count, 73
+
+Berkeley, Colonel, 156
+
+Berks, Herr, 116, 144, 149
+
+Berlin, Lola Montez at, 7, 61, 62, 73
+
+Berlin, Royalty at, 61
+
+Berne, 152
+
+Bernhard, Gustav, 6
+
+Bernstorff, Count, 110, 134, 135
+
+Bernstorff, Countess, 135
+
+Berri, Duchesse de, 20
+
+Bertrand, Arthur, 77, 89
+
+Berryer, Maître, 84, 87
+
+Berrymead Priory, 168, 180
+
+Best, Captain, 158
+
+"Betsy Watson," 123, 124
+
+"Betsy James," 54
+
+Bhurtpore, Battle of, 18
+
+Bibliothèque d'Arsenal, 8
+
+Bingham, Peregrine, 172-175
+
+Bishop of London, 245
+
+Bismarck, Prince, 120
+
+_Black Book of British Aristocracy_, 153, 170
+
+Black Forest, 263
+
+Blake, Rufus, 257
+
+Blanchard, Edward, 46
+
+Blessington, Countess of, 20, 245
+
+Bloomer, Mrs., 191, 250, 274
+
+Bloque, M., 133
+
+Blot-Lequesne, M., 186
+
+Blum, Hans, 6
+
+Bluthenberg, 142
+
+Bodkin, William, 172, 175
+
+Boignes, Charles de, 77-79, 81, 84
+
+Bois de Boulogne, 80
+
+Bonaparte, 14, 253
+
+Bonn, 63-82
+
+Bonny, King of, 245
+
+Booth, Edwin, 200
+
+Bordeaux, 185
+
+Borrodaile, Mrs., 56
+
+Boston, Lola Montez in, 193
+
+Boston Public Library, 8
+
+_Boston Transcript_, 193
+
+Bright, John, 241
+
+Brighton, 159, 171, 242
+
+Bristol, Lecture at, 242
+
+"British Raj," 30
+
+Brooks, Preston, 205
+
+Brougham, Lady, 51
+
+Brougham, Lord, 51, 165, 173
+
+Brown, Mrs. General, 17
+
+Browning, Robert, 250, 253
+
+Bruce, General, 251
+
+Bruckenau Castle, 108
+
+Brussels, 61, 120
+
+Buchanan, Mrs., 258, 259, 260, 261
+
+Buckingham Palace, 166
+
+Buffalo, 194
+
+Bülow, Prince von, 122
+
+Bulwer, Edward, 168
+
+Burns, Robert, 104
+
+Burr, Rev. Chauncey, 6, 194, 230, 237, 248
+
+Byron, Lord, 5, 20, 264, 277
+
+
+Café Anglais, 139
+
+Calcutta, 5, 16, 29, 38, 42, 72, 174, 213
+
+Calcutta, Bishop of, 17
+
+_Calcutta Englishman_, 31
+
+Calcutta, Government House, 22
+
+California in the 'Fifties, 192-210
+
+_California Chronicle_, 206
+
+_Californian_, 201
+
+Californian Pioneers, Library of, 8
+
+Californian State Library, 8
+
+Calvinism, 19, 21, 260
+
+Cambridge, Duke of, 56
+
+Canitz, Freiherr zu, 119, 122
+
+Cannibal Islands, King of, 5
+
+Canning, Sir Stratford, 63, 246
+
+Cape of Good Hope, 29
+
+Capon, Victorine, 75
+
+Cardigan, Earl of, 89
+
+Carl, Prince, 160
+
+Carlos, Don, 123
+
+Carlsbad, 94
+
+Caroline-Augusta, Queen, 112
+
+Cassagnac, Granier de, 77, 83, 88
+
+Castle Oliver, 14
+
+Castlereagh, Lord, 158
+
+Catalini, Angelica, 20
+
+Cavendish, Frederick, 143
+
+Cayley, Edward, 151
+
+Cerito, Mlle, 65-66
+
+Champs Elysées, 182
+
+Chanoines de St. Thérèse, 102, 265
+
+Charles X, 20
+
+Chartist Riots, 163
+
+Chase, Lewis, 8
+
+Chatham, 16
+
+Chester Cathedral, Visit to, 242
+
+Chevalier, Émile, 236
+
+Cholera at Dinapore, 16, 17
+
+Chudleigh, Elizabeth, 168
+
+Churchill, Arabella, 156
+
+Claggett, Horace, 158
+
+Clarence, Duke of, 156
+
+Clark, Mary Anne, 156
+
+Clarkson, William, 172-176
+
+Claudin, Gustave, 71, 72
+
+Clayton, Henry, 199
+
+Clutton, Colonel, 168
+
+Coates, "Romeo," 20
+
+Cole, Henry, 158
+
+_Cologne Gazette_, 125
+
+Combermere, Lord, 97
+
+Comédie Française, 356
+
+"Comic Aspects of Love," Lecture on, 250, 275-277
+
+Conciergerie Prison, 90
+
+Congress of London, 95
+
+Consistory Court, Action in, 43, 176
+
+Constantinople, 16, 63, 246
+
+"Corinthians," 46, 52
+
+Corneille, Pierre, 86
+
+Costa, Michael, 54
+
+Cotta, Baron, 97
+
+Coules, M., 53
+
+"Countess for an Hour," 153
+
+Covent Garden Hotel, 41
+
+Covent Garden Opera House, 54, 60, 163
+
+Cowell, Sam, 252
+
+Coyne, Stirling, 165
+
+Craigie, David, 39, 41
+
+Craigie, Misses, 19
+
+Craigie, Mrs., marries Ensign Gilbert, 14;
+  early widowhood, 17;
+  marries Patrick Craigie, 17;
+  returns to England, 23;
+  collapse of ambitious schemes, 24;
+  quarrels with Lola, 26;
+  partial reconciliation, 34;
+  visit to New York, 258
+
+Craigie, Patrick, 17, 19, 23, 39, 40, 43, 260
+
+Cremorne Gardens, 243
+
+"Crim. con" action, 42
+
+Crimean Campaign, 213
+
+Crosby, Henry, 227
+
+Crosby, Mrs., 227
+
+Cumberland, Duke of, 156
+
+Cuyla, Madame de, 156
+
+
+Dacca, 17
+
+D'Agoult, Madame, 64, 117, 278
+
+_Daily Alta_, 198
+
+Daly, Joseph, 194
+
+_Dancing Times_, 7
+
+"Daniel Stern," 64, 117
+
+Daughrity, Professor, 8
+
+D'Auvergne, Edmund, 7, 15
+
+Davenport Brothers, 252
+
+Dawson, Nancy, 168
+
+"Day of Humiliation," 119
+
+DeBar, Anna, 264
+
+D'Ecquevillez, Vicomte, 77, 83-85, 90
+
+Delta State Teachers' College, 8
+
+Denman, Lord, 42
+
+Derby, Countess of, 250
+
+Deschler, Johann, 6
+
+Desmaret, Maître, 186
+
+"Desperado in Dimity," 234
+
+_Deutsche Zeitung_, 154
+
+Devereux, Alice, 264
+
+Devismes, M., 83, 85
+
+Devonshire, Duke of, 156
+
+_Die Deutsche Revolution_, 6
+
+Diepenbrock, Archbishop, 111, 119
+
+Dinapore, Cholera at, 16
+
+Disraeli, Benjamin, 167
+
+Disraeli, Sarah, 167
+
+Döllinger, Dr., 130, 144, 162, 263
+
+Dost Muhammed, 30
+
+"Down Under," 211-227
+
+Dresden, 62-63
+
+Drury Lane Theatre, 46, 163, 243
+
+Dublin, 16, 27, 124, 240, 241
+
+_Dublin Daily Express_, 241
+
+Dujarier, Charles, lover of Lola Montez, 71;
+  restaurant brawl, 76, 77;
+  fatal duel with de Beauvallon, 80, 81;
+  burial at Montmartre, 82
+
+Dumas, Alexandra, 71, 78, 81, 86, 91, 209, 249
+
+Dumas _fils_, 183
+
+Dumilâtre, Adèle, 65
+
+Durand, Colonel, 33
+
+Duval, M., 84, 88, 89
+
+
+East India Company, 18
+
+_East India Voyage_, 28
+
+Ebersdorf, 91
+
+Ecclesiastical Court, proceedings of, 173
+
+Eden, Hon. Emily, 31, 32, 34
+
+_El Oleano_, 51-53, 60
+
+_Elegant Woman_, 7, 113
+
+Elephant and Castle Theatre, 243
+
+Ellenborough, Lady, 106
+
+Ellenborough, Lord, 32, 33
+
+"Elopement in High Life," 26
+
+Elphinstone, Lord, 40
+
+Elssler, Fanny, 54, 65, 73, 190
+
+Elysium Hill, 35
+
+Englischer Garten, 104
+
+Enriques, Don, 181
+
+_Era_, Criticism in, 247, 248
+
+Erdmann, Dr. Paul, 6
+
+Erskine, Lady Jane, 106
+
+Estafette, 227
+
+_Examiner_, Comment in, 58, 121
+
+"Eton Boy," 221, 229
+
+Eugénie, Empress, 245
+
+Ezterhazy, Count, 51
+
+
+"Fair Impure," 93, 114
+
+Falk, Bernard, 7
+
+Fane, Sir Henry, 32
+
+Fay, Amy, 183
+
+Feldberg, 131
+
+Fenton, Frank, 8
+
+Fiddes, Josephine, 211
+
+Field, Kate, Letter from, 194
+
+Fitzball, Edward, Benefit Performance, 59-60
+
+"Flare of the Footlights," 49
+
+Flaubert, Gustave, 84
+
+Flers, Comte de, 77, 84
+
+Folkestone, 180
+
+Follard, Charles, 217
+
+Follett, Sir William, 42
+
+"Follies of a Night," 229
+
+Fontblanque, Albany, 168
+
+Foote, Maria, 156
+
+"Fops' Alley," 52
+
+Foreign Office, 151
+
+Forster, John, 168
+
+Fort William, 16
+
+Forty-Fourth Foot, Regiment, 16
+
+Fox Sisters, 252
+
+Frankfort, Rothschilds' Bank at, 154
+
+Frays, Herr, 98, 101
+
+Frederick William III, 63, 126
+
+Frederick William IV, 61, 134
+
+Frenzal, Fräulein, 98, 101
+
+Frères-Provençaux Restaurant, 75
+
+Fuchs, Eduard, 6, 103
+
+Fulda Forest, 108
+
+
+"Gallantry," Lecture on, 237, 238
+
+"Gallery of Beauties," 105
+
+Garsia, Manuel, 20
+
+Gautier, Mlle, 256, 257
+
+Gautier, Théophile, 66, 71
+
+_Gay and Gallant Ladies_, 263
+
+Geelong, 221
+
+Geneva, 5, 152
+
+_Gentleman's Magazine_, 180, 262
+
+George IV, 62,156
+
+Georges, Mlle, 156
+
+Gilbert, Ensign, runaway marriage, 14;
+  service in India, 16;
+  death from cholera, 17
+
+Gilbert, Mrs., 15, 17
+
+Gillingham, Harold, 8
+
+Gillis, Mabel, 7
+
+Girardin, Émile de, 81, 181, 227
+
+Giuglini, Antonio, 243
+
+_Globe_, 171
+
+Glyptothek Gallery, 96
+
+"Golden West," 196
+
+Goodrich, Peter, 187
+
+Görres, Joseph, 109, 137, 162
+
+Gougaud, Dom, 144
+
+Granada, 47
+
+Granby, Marchioness of, 51
+
+Granby, Marquess of, 51
+
+"Grand Sebastopol Matinée," 213
+
+Granville, Earl, 164
+
+Grass Valley, Life in, 201-210
+
+_Grass Valley Telegraph_, 210
+
+Graves _v._ Graves, Divorce action, 43
+
+Gray, Police-sergeant, 173
+
+Great Exhibition of 1851, 179
+
+Green, Miss, 157
+
+Green-Wood cemetery, 260
+
+Grisi, Carlotta, 55
+
+Guadaloupe, 75, 90
+
+"Guermann Regnier," 64
+
+Guéronniere, de la, M., 231
+
+Guillen, Manuel, 204
+
+Guise, Dr. de, 80, 81
+
+Guizot, M., 71
+
+Gumpenberg, Colonel von, 128
+
+
+Hagen, Charlotte, 105
+
+Halévy, Jacques, 65
+
+Half Moon Street, 164, 173
+
+Hall, Mrs. Lillian, 81
+
+Hamon and Company, 133
+
+Hanover, King of, 51
+
+"Hans Breitmann," 114
+
+Hardwick, William, 175
+
+Harré, T. Everett, 38, 120
+
+Harrington, Countess of, 157
+
+Harte, Bret, 203
+
+Harvard Theatre Collection, 8
+
+Harvard University, 253
+
+Hastings, Lord, 18
+
+Hastings, Warren, 16
+
+Haussmann, Baron, 70
+
+Hawks, Rev. Francis, 259, 260, 261
+
+Hayden, Mrs., 252
+
+Hayes, Catherine, 212
+
+Haymarket Theatre, 153, 165
+
+Hayward, Abraham, 168
+
+Heald, George, 169
+
+Heald, George Trafford, Cornet of Horse, 166;
+  bigamous marriage with Lola Montez, 167;
+  deprived of commission, 170;
+  family interference, 171;
+  police-court proceedings, 172-176;
+  matrimonial jars, 178;
+  separation, 178;
+  death, 180
+
+Heald, Susannah, 171, 173, 174
+
+_Heavenly Sinner_, 38
+
+Heber, Bishop, 17
+
+Heenan, John Camel, 251
+
+Heine, Heinrich, 97
+
+Henry LXXII, Prince of Reuss, 91, 94, 105
+
+Her Majesty's Theatre, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 243, 260
+
+"Heroines of History," 237, 249, 274-275
+
+Hesse-Darmstadt, 94
+
+Hirschberg, Count von, 116, 140, 152
+
+_History of Theatre in America_, 7
+
+Hodgson, Miss D. M., 15
+
+Hof Theatre, Munich, 98, 100, 161
+
+Holden, W. Sprague, 8
+
+Holland, Canon Scott, 111
+
+Homburg, 94
+
+Home, Daniel Dunglas, 252
+
+"Hooking a Prince," 91, 104
+
+Hope Chapel, Lecture at, 234
+
+Hornblow, Arthur, 7
+
+Home, R. H., 218, 220
+
+Horse Guards, 169
+
+Hotel Maulich, 102
+
+Hotham, Sir Charles, 218
+
+Household Cavalry, 166, 169
+
+Howells, W. Dean, 192
+
+Hugo, Victor, 202, 205
+
+Hull, Patrick, 198, 204, 210, 260
+
+Huneker, James, 63
+
+
+_Il Barbiere di Seviglia_, 49
+
+_Il Lazzarone_, 65
+
+Imperial Hotel, 41, 44
+
+India, Garrison life in, 30-38
+
+India, Voyage to, 28, 29
+
+Inferiority-complex, 254
+
+Ingram, Captain, 45, 174
+
+Ingram, Mrs., 45
+
+Ireland, 26-28, 240, 241
+
+_Irish Ecclesiastical Record_, 144
+
+Irving, Washington, 238
+
+
+Jacguand, Claudius, 179
+
+James, Rev. John, 27
+
+James, Lieutenant Thomas, accompanies Mrs. Craigie to England, 24;
+  runaway marriage with Lola Montez, 26;
+  garrison life in Dublin, 27;
+  service in India, 28;
+  drink and gambling, 37;
+  crim. con. action, 42;
+  judicial separation, 43;
+  police-court proceedings, 174
+
+James _v._ James, Consistory Court Trial, 43
+
+James _v._ Lennox, 42
+
+Janin, Jules, 66, 249
+
+Jesuits, Activity of, 114, 122, 141, 231
+
+Joan of Arc, 234
+
+Jobson, Henry, 232, 233
+
+_John Bull_, 172
+
+"John Bull at Home," Lecture on, 251
+
+John, Cecile, guest at tragic supper party 75;
+  evidence at Rouen trial, 85
+
+"John Company," India under, 18, 37
+
+Joly, Antenon, 231
+
+_Journal des Débats_, 66
+
+Judd, Dr., 192
+
+"Judge and Jury Club," 244
+
+Judicial Separation, 43, 45
+
+Justinian, Emperor, 120, 257
+
+"Just and Persevering," 162
+
+
+Karr, Alphonse, 75
+
+Kean, Mrs. Charles, 165
+
+Kean, Edmund, 20
+
+Keane, Sir John, 32
+
+Keeley, Mrs., 165
+
+"Keepsake Annuals," 20
+
+Kelly, Fanny, 47
+
+Kelly, William, 227
+
+Kemble, Fanny, 20
+
+Kemble, John Philip, 20
+
+Kerner, Justinus, 147
+
+Khelat, Khan of, 32
+
+King of Sardinia, 200
+
+Kingsley, Charles, 250
+
+Kingston, Duchess of, 168
+
+Kingston, Duke of, 168
+
+Kirke, Baron, 204, 205
+
+Klein, Dr. Tim von, 147
+
+Knapp, Mrs. Dora, 197, 203, 206
+
+Kobell, Luise von, 6, 99, 100
+
+Kossuth, Louis, 188
+
+Krüdener, Baroness, 105, 119
+
+Kurnaul, 29, 36, 37
+
+
+La Biche au Bois, 74
+
+_La Presse_, 71, 77, 227, 228
+
+"Lady of the Camelias," 71, 183
+
+Lahore, 30
+
+Lamartine, de M., 231
+
+Lamb, Charles, 47
+
+"Lamentation," 148
+
+Landon, Letitia, 168
+
+Landsfeld, Countess of, 131
+
+Landshut, 116, 131
+
+Larousse, Pierre, 77
+
+Lasaulx, Professor, 109, 121, 123
+
+Lavallière, Eve, 257
+
+Lawrence, Henry, 29
+
+Lawrence, Sir Walter, 40
+
+_Le Constitutionnel_, 66
+
+Lecouvreur, Adrienne, 204
+
+Le d'Hoefer, 256
+
+_Le Droit_, 83
+
+_L'Estafette_, 227
+
+_Le Figaro_, 231
+
+_Le Globe_, 77
+
+_Le Pays_, 185, 230
+
+_Lectures of Lola Montez_, 250
+
+"Left-handed Marriage," 167
+
+Legge, Professor J. G., 92
+
+Leigh, Francis, 70, 134, 265
+
+Leiningen, Prince, 116
+
+Leland, Charles Godfrey, 114, 239
+
+Leningrad, 7
+
+Lennox, Captain, 40-44, 56, 58, 260
+
+Leen, Don Diego, 48
+
+_Les Contemporains_, 232
+
+_Les Débats_, 66
+
+Lesniowski, M., 69
+
+_Letters from Up-Country_, 34-37
+
+Lever, Charles, 16
+
+Leveson-Gower, Hon. Frederick, 164
+
+"Liberation of Greece," 96
+
+Lichenthaler, Herr, 112
+
+Liévenne, Anais, 75-76, 85
+
+Life Guards, 166, 170
+
+Limerick, 5, 14, 15, 72
+
+Lind, Jenny, 110
+
+Lindeau, Flight to, 142
+
+"Lion of the Punjaub," 30
+
+Lisbon, 179
+
+Lister, Lady Theresa, 35
+
+Liverpool, Lecture at, 241
+
+Liszt, Abbé, _liaison_ with Lola Montez, 62-65;
+  Opera House, Dresden, 63;
+  life in Paris, 71, 183;
+  visit to Bonn, 63;
+  correspondence with Madame d'Agoult, 117
+
+Loeb, Herr, 151
+
+"Lola in Bavaria," 194, 211, 229
+
+Lomer, Adjutant, 38
+
+Lomer, Mrs., 38, 45
+
+London, Lola Montez in, 41-47, 49-60, 163-177, 242-250
+
+Londonderry, Marquess of, 169, 171
+
+Lord Chamberlain, 153, 166
+
+Lord Milton, 8
+
+Louis XV, 156
+
+Louis Napoleon, 163, 198, 244
+
+Louis-Philippe, 70, 82, 159
+
+Lovell, John, 236
+
+Lucerne, 16
+
+Lucknow, 29
+
+Ludwig I, architectural aspirations, 96;
+  lured by Lola Montez, 99-148;
+  poetry and passion, 101, 105, 137;
+  dissentions with Cabinet, 120, 127-129, 149, 159;
+  abdication, 160;
+  death and burial, 162
+
+Ludwig II, 6
+
+Luitpold, Prince, 146, 160
+
+Lumley, Sir Abraham, 22, 24, 25
+
+Lumley, Benjamin, 49-55, 58, 65, 260
+
+Lushington, Dr., 43
+
+Luther, Martin, 96
+
+Lyceum Theatre, 243
+
+Lytton, Lord, 168
+
+
+Macaulay, Lord, 30
+
+Macready, W. C., 20, 190
+
+Madeira, 29
+
+Madras, 40, 42, 45
+
+Madrid, 14, 47
+
+_Maga_, 162
+
+Magdalen Asylum, 256
+
+Mahmood, Sultan, 33
+
+"Maidens, Beware!" 221
+
+"Maîtresse du Roi," 118
+
+Malmesbury, Earl of, 46, 48, 49, 59, 262
+
+Maltitz, Baron, 94
+
+Manchester, Free Trade Hall, 241
+
+Mangnall, Mrs., 20
+
+Marden, Caroline, 45
+
+Marie-Antoinette, 94, 95
+
+Marlborough Street police court, 171-177
+
+"Married in Haste," 27
+
+Marseilles, 177, 227
+
+Marsh, Luther, 264
+
+Martin, Mrs., 44
+
+Marysville, 202
+
+_Marysville Herald_, 207, 208
+
+Mathews, Charles, 243
+
+Mathews, Mrs., 157
+
+Mauclerc, M., 220
+
+Maurer, Georg von, 128,129
+
+Maurice, Edward, 151
+
+McMichael, Captain, 199
+
+McMullen, Major, 43
+
+McNaghten, Mrs., 30
+
+Maximilian, Prince, 160
+
+Max Joseph, Prince, 94
+
+Mazzini, 151
+
+Mélanie, Princess, 112, 136
+
+Melbourne, 214, 216-221
+
+_Melbourne Argus_, 216, 218, 219
+
+_Melbourne Herald_, 217, 219, 220
+
+Melbourne, Theatre, 217, 220
+
+Mellen, Ida M., 8
+
+_Mémoires de M. Montholon_, 76
+
+Menken, Adah Isaacs, 6, 165, 211
+
+Méry, Joseph, 71, 81, 86, 209
+
+_Mes Souvenirs_, 72
+
+Metternich, Prince, 120, 159, 163
+
+Metzger, Herr, 106
+
+Milbanke, Sir John, 141
+
+Milbanke, Lady, 106
+
+Milnes, Menckton, 250
+
+Milton, Dr., 219
+
+"Ministry of Dawn," 149
+
+Minto, Earl of, 18
+
+Mirecourt, Eugéne de, 20, 65, 67, 179, 231, 232
+
+Mission Dolores, Church of, 198, 199
+
+Molière, Jean Baptiste, 88
+
+Moller, Baron, 154
+
+Monmouth, Duke of, 156
+
+Montalva, Oliverres de, 14
+
+Montez, Francisco, 14
+
+Montez, Jean Francois, 46, 61, 197
+
+Montez, Lola, birth and parentage, 15;
+  childhood in India, 19;
+  sent to Montrose and Bath, 19, 20;
+  "Love's Young Dream," 25;
+  runaway marriage, 26;
+  garrison life in Dublin, 27;
+  return to India, 29;
+  _liaison_ with Captain Lennox, 41;
+  Consistory Court proceedings, 43;
+  disastrous début at Her Majesty's, 54;
+  Continental wanderings, 61;
+  _liaison_ with Liszt, 62;
+  fiasco at Académie Royale, 66;
+  mistress of Dujarier, 71;
+  evidence at Rouen trial, 87;
+  "hooking a prince," 91-93;
+  career in Munich, 98-152;
+  "Maîtresse du Roi," 118-135;
+  created Countess of Landsfeld, 131;
+  expelled from Bavaria, 150;
+  adventures in Switzerland, 152-155;
+  bigamous union with Cornet Heald, 167;
+  prosecution for bigamy, 171-177;
+  life in Paris, 181-187;
+  theatrical career in America, 187;
+  marriage with Patrick Hull, 198;
+  life in California, 197-210;
+  theatrical tour in Australia, 211-227;
+  returns to America, 229;
+  from stage to platform, 234-239;
+  lectures in London, 244-250;
+  returns to America, 251;
+  new role as "Repentant Magdalen," 255;
+  illness and death, 257-260;
+  funeral at Green-Wood Cemetery, 260;
+  obituary notices, 261-263
+
+"Montez the Magdalen," 255
+
+Montmartre Cemetery, 81
+
+Montmorency, Major de, 265
+
+Montrose, 5, 18, 21, 22, 115, 258, 260
+
+"Morning Call," 223
+
+_Morning Herald_, 53
+
+_Morning Star_, 246
+
+Morrison, Colonel, 16
+
+Morton, Savile, 184
+
+Moscheles, Ignatz, 63
+
+Mulgrave, Earl of, 27
+
+Munich, Ludwig I, maker of, 94;
+  Lola Montez in, 94-250;
+  Hof Theatre, 98;
+  public buildings, 96;
+  Residenz Palace, 98, 105;
+  revolution in, 160;
+  flight from, by Lola Montez, 151;
+  funeral of Ludwig I at, 162
+
+_Music Study in Germany_, 183
+
+
+Naked Lady, 7
+
+Napier, Sir Charles, 30
+
+Naples, 177
+
+Naussbaum, Lieutenant, 152
+
+"Necrology of the Year," 13
+
+_Nélida_, 64
+
+Nesselrode, Karl, 95
+
+Nevada City, 202
+
+Newcastle, Duke of, 168
+
+New York, 187-193, 209-240, 251-262
+
+_New York Herald_, 188
+
+_New York Times_, 208
+
+_New York Tribune_, 234
+
+Niagara, 194
+
+Nice, hiding at, 161,
+
+Nicholas I, 61, 67, 73, 95
+
+Nicolls, Fanny, 19, 20, 231
+
+Nicolls, Sir Jasper, 19, 20, 22, 25, 260
+
+Niendorf, Emma, 147
+
+Nightingale, Florence, 213, 249
+
+Nilgiri Hills, 38
+
+Normanby, Marquess of, 27
+
+Norton, Hon. Mrs., 20
+
+Nuremberg, 125
+
+Nussbaum, Lieutenant, 152
+
+Nymphenburg Park, 104, 108
+
+
+Ole Bull, 200
+
+Olga, Princess, 94
+
+Olridge, Mrs., 232
+
+Opserman, Herr, 101
+
+Osborne, Bernal, 27
+
+Osborne, Hon. William, 31
+
+Otto, King of Greece, 95
+
+Osy, Alice, 75
+
+
+Palatia Corps, 116, 138
+
+Palmerston, Viscount, 95, 111, 120, 141, 143, 151
+
+Papon, Auguste, 102, 106, 152, 154-158
+
+Paris, 7, 14, 20, 21, 65-70, 181-187
+
+Parthenon, 95
+
+_Pas de Fascination_, 165
+
+Paskievich, Prince, 68, 69
+
+Patna, Cantonments at, 16
+
+Pavestra de, Marquise, 231
+
+"Pea Green Hayne," 157
+
+Pechman, Baron, 109, 111
+
+Peel, Robert, 153
+
+Peissner, Fritz, 114, 116, 147, 152, 204
+
+Pennsylvania Historical Society, 8
+
+Perth, 39
+
+Petersham, Lord, 157
+
+Pfaff's Restaurant, 192, 193
+
+Philadelphia, 193
+
+Phoenix Park, 27
+
+Pillet, Léon, 65, 67
+
+Pinakothek Gallery, Munich, 96
+
+Pitti Palace, 96
+
+Plessis, Alphonsine, 71, 183
+
+Poland, Lola Montez in, 67, 68
+
+Porte St. Martin Theatre, 74, 133, 140
+
+Potsdam, 61
+
+Pourtales, Guy de, 64
+
+Preysing, Countess, 142
+
+Price, Harry, 7, 264
+
+Prince Consort, 63, 153, 169
+
+Prince of Wales, 251, 252
+
+Princess Victoria, 20
+
+Prussia, Queen of, 110
+
+Psychical Investigation, Council for, 7
+
+_Punch_, References to Lola Montez, 102, 132
+
+Punjaub, Garrison life in, 37
+
+
+Queen Victoria, 62, 63, 97, 153, 169
+
+Queen's Bench Division, Court of, 42
+
+_Questions for the Use of Young People_, 20
+
+
+Rachel, Madame, 56, 248
+
+Rae, Mrs., 44
+
+"Raffaelo, the Reprobate," 223
+
+Raglan, Lord, 213
+
+Ranelagh, Viscount, 52, 54-56, 260
+
+Ranjeet Sing, 30, 31
+
+Rathbiggon, 27
+
+Ratisbon, 96
+
+Rechberg, Count von, 98, 99, 136
+
+Reisach, Count, 118
+
+_Reminiscences of the Opera_, 58
+
+Residenz Palace, 98, 105, 121, 138, 152
+
+Reuss-Lobenstein-Ebersdorf, Principality of, 91
+
+_Rhyme and Revolution in Germany_, 92
+
+Richardson, Philip, 7
+
+Richter, Jean Paul, 162
+
+Rieff, M., 84
+
+_Rienzi_, 63
+
+Rio, Madame, 144
+
+Roberts, Browne, 43
+
+Roberts, Emma, 28, 29
+
+Rogers, Cameron, 263
+
+"Romanism," Lecture on, 237, 238, 279, 280
+
+Rothmanner, Herr, 140
+
+Rothschild, Baroness de, 51
+
+Rotterdam, Embarkation of Prince Metternich at, 163
+
+Rouen, Assize Court, 83-90
+
+Rourke, Constance, 7
+
+Roux, M., 185-187
+
+_Ruff's Guide_, 178
+
+Russell, W. H., 196, 197
+
+Russia, 67, 69, 70
+
+
+Sacramento City, 199
+
+_Sacramento Union_, 207
+
+"Sahib Log," 30
+
+Saint-Agnan, M. de, 75, 76
+
+Sala, George Augustus, 6, 164, 247
+
+Sale, Mrs. Robert, 30
+
+Salveton, M., 86
+
+Salzburg, 94
+
+San Francisco, 197-199
+
+_San Francisco Alta_, 198, 200
+
+_San Francisco Whig_, 198
+
+Sand, George, 183, 250, 277
+
+Sandeau, Jules, 278
+
+Sandhurst, 227
+
+_Satirist_, 163, 166, 170
+
+Saunders, Beverley, 199
+
+Saxe, Marshal, 256
+
+Saxe-Weimar, Prince Edward of, 51
+
+Sayers, Tom, 209
+
+"Scarlet Woman," 115
+
+Schönheitengalerie, 105
+
+Schneider, Rudi, 264, 265
+
+Schrenck, Count von, 128
+
+Schröder, Fräulein, 161
+
+Schulkoski, Prince, 73
+
+Schwab, Sophie, 148
+
+Schwanthaler, Franz, 162
+
+Second Empire, 70
+
+Sedley, Katherine, 156
+
+Seekamp, Henry, 225, 226
+
+Senfft, Count, 112, 129
+
+Seinsheim, Herr von, 128
+
+Seville, 5, 14, 50, 51, 53, 57, 61, 72, 123
+
+Shah Shuja, 30
+
+Sheridan, Francis, 27
+
+Shipley, Henley, 207, 209
+
+Shore, Jane, 118
+
+Sicklen, Mrs. Putnam van, 8
+
+Simla, 31, 34, 36
+
+Sister Augustine, 257
+
+_Sketches by Boz_, 20
+
+"Sludge, the Medium," 252
+
+Smith, E. T., 242-244
+
+Somnauth, Temple of, 32
+
+"Song of Walhalla," 108
+
+Sophie, Archduchess, 105
+
+Sorel, Agnes, 118
+
+Soule, Frank, 207
+
+Southampton, 48
+
+_Southern Lights and Shadows_, 212, 213
+
+Spence, Lady Theresa, 106
+
+"Spider Dance," 209, 218, 219, 223
+
+Spiritualism, 252, 253, 264
+
+"Spittalsfield Weaver," 223
+
+Spurgeon, Charles Haddon, 254
+
+Staël, Madame de, 238
+
+Stahl, Dr., 141
+
+_Standard_, 169
+
+Stanford University, 8
+
+Stanhope, Colonel, 157
+
+Starenberg, 148
+
+Stedman, Edmund Clarence, 252
+
+Steinberg, Otto von, 126
+
+Steinkeller, Mme, 68
+
+Stewart, William, 202, 206
+
+Stieler, Josef, 105
+
+Stocqueler, J., 33
+
+_Story of a Penitent_, 259
+
+Stowe, Mrs. Harriet Beecher, 222
+
+Stubenrauch, Amalia, 94
+
+Sturgis, Mrs., 40, 41
+
+Stuttgart, 94
+
+St. George's, Hanover Square, 167
+
+St. Helena, 14, 29
+
+St. James's Hall, 244
+
+St. Jean de Luz, 228
+
+St. Louis, 193, 194
+
+St. Petersburg, 60, 61, 67, 69, 72, 246
+
+Sue, Eugéne, 71, 194, 249
+
+Sultan of Turkey, 5, 63, 246
+
+Sumner, Charles, 230
+
+_Sunday Times_, 243
+
+Sutherland, Duchess of, 245
+
+"Swedish Nightingale," 165
+
+Swiss Guards, 141
+
+_Sydney Herald_, 212
+
+Sydney, social life in, 212
+
+Sydney, Victoria Theatre, 211, 212
+
+
+Taglioni, Marie, 54, 65, 73
+
+Talleyrand, Baron, 51
+
+_Temple Bar_, 262
+
+Tennyson, Alfred, 97, 184
+
+Thackeray, W. M., 184, 190, 192
+
+Theatiner Church, 141
+
+Theatrical Museum, Munich, 8
+
+Theodora, Empress, 120, 257
+
+Theresa of Saxe-Hildburghausen, Princess, 95
+
+Thesiger, Frederick, 42
+
+Thiersch, Friedrich, 139, 162
+
+Thirsch, Wilhelm, 162
+
+Thirty-eighth Native Infantry, 17
+
+Thompson, Edward, 32
+
+Thynne, Lord Edward, 158
+
+Tichatschek, Josef, 63
+
+_Times_, 43, 122, 123, 177
+
+Titiens, Teresa, 243
+
+Tom Thumb, General, 190
+
+Tourville, Letendre de, 84-86
+
+Treitschke, Heinrich von, 6, 103, 143
+
+_Troupers of the Gold Coast_, 7
+
+"Trousers for Women," 191
+
+_Troy Budget_, 194
+
+Tugal, M. Pierre, 8
+
+Tupper, Martin, 97
+
+Twenty-fifth Foot, Regiment, 16
+
+Tyree, Mrs. Annette, 8
+
+
+_Ulner Chronik_, 127
+
+Ultramontane Policy, 115, 121, 126, 127, 143
+
+_Uncle Tom's Cabin_, 243
+
+"Uncrowned Queen of Bavaria," 120
+
+University, Munich, 116, 121, 130, 139, 145
+
+University Students at Munich, 114, 116, 121, 129, 138, 144, 145
+
+_Up the Country_, 34
+
+
+Valley, Count Arco, 142, 143
+
+Vandam, Albert, 84, 182, 183
+
+Vanderbilt, Commodore, 192
+
+_Vanity Fair_, 192
+
+Variétés Theatre, St. Louis, 194
+
+Vaubernier, Jeanne, 232
+
+Vaudeville Theatre, 186
+
+Vestris, Madame, 51, 157, 158
+
+Victoria Theatre, Ballarat, 222
+
+Vienna, 112, 117, 143, 159
+
+Villa-Palava, Marquise, 231
+
+Vine Street Police Station, 174
+
+Vrede, Prince, 140
+
+
+Wagner, Martin, 96
+
+Wagner, Richard, 63, 162
+
+Wainwright, Governor, 199
+
+_Walhalla's Genossen_, 97
+
+Walkinshaw, Mrs., 156
+
+Wallerstein, Prince, 140, 141, 144, 150
+
+Wallinger, Antoinette, 105
+
+Walters, Mrs., 44
+
+Ware, C. P. T., 194
+
+Warsaw, 7, 67, 68
+
+_Warsaw Gazette_, 69
+
+Washington, George, 57
+
+Waterloo, Battle of, 14
+
+Watson, Mrs., 26, 44
+
+Weimar, 71
+
+Weinsberg, 147, 148
+
+_Welcome Guest_, 250
+
+Wellington, Duchess of, 51, 245
+
+Wellington, Duke of, 51, 169, 213
+
+"Whiff of Grapeshot," 140
+
+Whitbread, Samuel, 243
+
+Whitman, Walt, 193
+
+Wilberforce, Edward, 101
+
+William I, of Germany, 91
+
+William IV, 20
+
+Willis, N. P., 187
+
+Willis, Richard Storrs, 187
+
+Wills, Judge, 199
+
+Wilson, Rev. John, 209
+
+Windischmann, Dr., 118
+
+Windsor Castle, 62
+
+"Wits and Women of Paris," 237, 249, 277-279
+
+Wittelsbach, House of, 96
+
+"Woman of Spain," 105
+
+Wurtemburg, 94
+
+Würzburg, Bishop of, 141
+
+
+Ziegler, Rudolph, 6
+
+"Zoyara the Hermaphrodite," 200
+
+Zu Rhein, Freiherr, 128
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The Magnificent Montez, by Horace Wyndham
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MAGNIFICENT MONTEZ ***
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+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Magnificent Montez, by Horace Wyndham
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Magnificent Montez, by Horace Wyndham
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Magnificent Montez
+       From Courtesan to Convert
+
+Author: Horace Wyndham
+
+Release Date: May 12, 2007 [EBook #21421]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MAGNIFICENT MONTEZ ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Suzanne Shell, Sankar Viswanathan, and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
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+
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+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a name="frontispiece" id="frontispiece"></a>
+<img src="images/image_01.jpg" width="500" height="727" alt="Lola Montez, Countess of Landsfeld
+(From a lithograph by Prosper Guillaume Dartiguenave)"  />
+<span class="caption">Lola Montez, Countess of Landsfeld<br />
+
+(From a lithograph by Prosper Guillaume Dartiguenave)</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h1>THE<br />
+
+MAGNIFICENT<br />
+
+MONTEZ</h1>
+
+<h3><i>From Courtesan to Convert</i></h3>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3><i>By</i></h3>
+
+<h2>HORACE WYNDHAM</h2>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i12">"When you met Lola Montez, her reputation<br /></span>
+<span class="i12">made you automatically think of bedrooms."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class="sig">&mdash;<span class="smcap">Aldous Huxley</span>.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter"><img class="img1" src="images/seal.jpg" alt="Seal" width="125" height="138" /></div>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+
+<h2><a name="HILLMAN-CURL_INC" id="HILLMAN-CURL_INC"></a>HILLMAN-CURL, INC.</h2>
+<h3><i>Publishers</i></h3>
+
+<h4>NEW YORK</h4>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="FOREWORD" id="FOREWORD"></a>FOREWORD</h2>
+
+
+<p>Sweep a drag-net across the pages of contemporary drama, and it is
+unquestionable that in her heyday no name on the list stood out, in
+respect of adventure and romance, with greater prominence than did
+that of Lola Montez. Everything she did (or was credited with doing)
+filled columns upon columns in the press of Europe and America; and,
+from first to last, she was as much "news" as any Hollywood heroine of
+our own time. Yet, although she made history in two hemispheres, it
+has proved extremely difficult to discover and unravel the real facts
+of her glamorous career. This is because round few (if any) women has
+been built up such a honeycomb of fable and fantasy and imagination as
+has been built up round this one.</p>
+
+<p>Even where the basic points are concerned there is disagreement. Thus,
+according to various chroniclers, the Sultan of Turkey, an "Indian
+Rajah" (unspecified), Lord Byron, the King of the Cannibal Islands,
+and a "wealthy merchant," each figure as her father, with a "beautiful
+Creole," a "Scotch washerwoman," and a "Dublin actress" for her
+mother; and Calcutta, Geneva, Limerick, Montrose, and Seville&mdash;and a
+dozen other cities scattered about the world&mdash;for her birthplace. This
+sort of thing is&mdash;to say the least of it&mdash;confusing.</p>
+
+<p>But Lola Montez was something of an anachronism, and had as lofty a
+disregard for convention as had the ladies thronging the Court of
+Merlin. Nor, it must be admitted, was she herself any pronounced
+stickler for exactitude. Thus, she lopped half a dozen years off her
+age, allotted her father (whom she dubbed a "Spanish officer of
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span>distinction") a couple of brevet steps in rank, and insisted on an
+ancestry to which she was never entitled.</p>
+
+<p>Still, if Lola Montez deceived the public about herself, others have
+deceived the public about Lola Montez. Thus, in one of his books,
+George Augustus Sala solemnly announced that she was a sister of Adah
+Isaacs Menken; and a more modern writer, unable to distinguish between
+Ludwig I and his grandson Ludwig II, tells us that she was "intimate
+with the mad King of Bavaria." To anybody (and there still are such
+people) who accepts the printed word as gospel, slips of this sort
+destroy faith.</p>
+
+<p>As a fount of information on the subject, the <i>Autobiography</i>
+(alleged) of Lola Montez, first published in 1859, is worthless. The
+bulk of it was written for her by a clerical "ghost" in America, the
+Rev. Chauncey Burr, and merely serves up a tissue of picturesque and
+easily disproved falsehoods. A number of these, by the way, together
+with some additional embroideries, are set out at greater length in
+other volumes by Ferdinand Bac (who confounds Ludwig I with Maximilian
+II) and the equally unreliable Eug&egrave;ne de Mirecourt and Auguste Papon.
+German writers, on the other hand, have, if apt to be long-winded, at
+least avoided the more obvious pitfalls. Among the books and pamphlets
+(many of them anonymous) of Teutonic origin, the following will repay
+research: <i>Die Gr&auml;fin Landsfeld</i> (Gustav Bernhard); <i>Lola Montez,
+Gr&auml;fin von Landsfeld</i> (Johann Deschler); <i>Lola Montez und andere
+Novellen</i> (Rudolf Ziegler); <i>Lola Montez und die Jesuiten</i> (Dr. Paul
+Erdmann); <i>Die spanische T&auml;nzerin und die deutsche Freiheit</i> (J.
+Beneden); <i>Die Deutsche Revolution, 1848-1849</i> (Hans Blum); <i>Ein
+vormarzliches Tanzidyll</i> (Eduard Fuchs); <i>Abenteur der beruhmten
+T&auml;nzerin</i>; <i>Anfang und Ende der Lola Montez in Bayern</i>; <i>Die Munchener
+Vergange</i>; <i>Unter den vier ersten K&ouml;nigen Bayerns</i> (Luise von Kobell);
+and, in particular, the monumental <i>Histeriche</i> of Heinrich von
+Treitschke. But one has to milk a hundred cows to get even a pint of
+Lola Montez cream.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>With a view to gathering at first hand reliable and hitherto
+unrecorded details, visits have recently been made by myself to
+Berlin, Brussels, Dresden, Leningrad, Munich, Paris, and Warsaw, etc.,
+in each of which capitals some portion of colourful drama of Lola
+Montez was unfolded. In a number of directions, however, the result of
+such investigations proved disappointing.</p>
+
+<p>"Lola Montez&mdash;h'm&mdash;what sort of man was he?" was the response of a
+prominent actor, recommended to me as a "leading authority on anything
+to do with the stage"; and the secretary of a theatrical club, anxious
+to be of help, wrote: "Sorry, but none of our members have any
+personal reminiscences of the lady." As she had then been in her grave
+for more than seventy years, it did not occur to me that even the
+senior <i>jeune premier</i> among them would have retained any very vivid
+recollections of her. Still, many of them were quite old enough to
+have heard something of her from their predecessors.</p>
+
+<p>But valuable assistance in eliciting the real facts connected with the
+career of this remarkable woman, and disentangling them from the
+network of lies and fables in which they have long been enmeshed, has
+come from other sources. Among those to whom a special debt must be
+acknowledged are Edmund d'Auvergne (author of a carefully documented
+study), <i>Lola Montez</i> (<i>an Adventuress of the 'Forties</i>); Gertrude
+Aretz (author of <i>The Elegant Woman</i>); Bernard Falk (author of <i>The
+Naked Lady</i>); Arthur Hornblow (author of <i>A History of the Theatre in
+America</i>); Harry Price (Hon. Sec. University of London Council for
+Psychical Investigation); Philip Richardson (editor of <i>The Dancing
+Times</i>); and Constance Rourke (author of <i>Troupers of the Gold
+Coast</i>); and further information has been forthcoming from Mrs.
+Charles Baker (Ruislip), and John Wade (Acton).</p>
+
+<p>Much help in supplying me with important letters and documents and
+hitherto unpublished particulars relating to the trail blazed by Lola
+Montez in America has been furnished by the following: Miss Mabel R.
+Gillis (State Librarian,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span> Californian State Library, Sacramento); Mrs.
+Lillian Hall (Curator, Harvard Theatre Collection); Miss Ida M. Mellen
+(New York); Mrs. Helen Putnam van Sicklen (Library of the Society of
+Californian Pioneers); Mrs. Annette Tyree (New York); Mr. John
+Stapleton Cowley-Brown (New York); Mr. Lewis Chase (Hendersonville);
+Professor Kenneth L. Daughrity (Delta State Teachers' College,
+Cleveland); Mr. Frank Fenton (Stanford University, California); Mr.
+Harold E. Gillingham (Librarian, Historical Society of Pennsylvania);
+Mr. W. Sprague Holden (Associate-Editor, Argonaut Publishing Company,
+San Francisco); and Mr. Milton Lord (Director, Public Library,
+Boston).</p>
+
+<p>In addition to these experts, I am also indebted to Monsieur Pierre
+Tugal (Conservateur, Archives de la Danse, Paris); and to the
+directors and staffs of the Biblioth&egrave;que d'Arsenal, Paris, and of the
+Theatrical Museum, Munich, who have generously placed their records at
+my disposal.</p>
+
+<p>Unlike his American and Continental colleagues, a public librarian in
+England said (on a postcard) that he was "too busy to answer
+questions."</p>
+
+<p class="sig1">H. W.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CONTENTS" id="CONTENTS"></a>CONTENTS</h2>
+
+
+<table summary="Contents">
+<tr><td></td>
+  <td></td>
+  <td></td><td class="tocpg f1">PAGE</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td><span class="smcap"><a href="#FOREWORD">Foreword</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_5">5</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tocch f1">CHAPTER</td>
+  <td></td>
+  <td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tocch">I.</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td><span class="smcap"><a href="#CHAPTER_I">Prelude to Adventure</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_13">13</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tocch">II.</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>"<span class="smcap"><a href="#CHAPTER_II">Married in Haste</a></span>"</td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_24">24</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tocch">III.</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td><span class="smcap"><a href="#CHAPTER_III">The Consistory Court</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_40">40</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tocch">IV.</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td><span class="smcap"><a href="#CHAPTER_IV">Flare of the Footlights</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_49">49</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tocch">V.</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td><span class="smcap"><a href="#CHAPTER_V">A Passionate Pilgrimage</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_61">61</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tocch">VI.</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td><a href="#CHAPTER_VI"><span class="smcap">An</span> "<span class="smcap">Affair of Honour</span>"</a></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_75">75</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tocch">VII.</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>"<span class="smcap"><a href="#CHAPTER_VII">Hooking a Prince</a></span>"</td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_91">91</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tocch">VIII.</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td><span class="smcap"><a href="#CHAPTER_VIII">Ludwig the Lover</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_104">104</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tocch">IX.</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td><a href="#CHAPTER_IX">"<span class="smcap">Ma&icirc;tresse du Roi</span>"</a></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_118">118</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tocch">X.</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td><span class="smcap"><a href="#CHAPTER_X">Bursting of the Storm</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_136">136</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tocch">XI.</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td><span class="smcap"><a href="#CHAPTER_XI">A Fallen Star</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_149">149</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tocch">XII.</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td><span class="smcap"><a href="#CHAPTER_XII">A "Left-handed" Marriage</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_164">164</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tocch">XIII.</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td><span class="smcap"><a href="#CHAPTER_XIII">Odyssey</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_181">181</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tocch">XIV.</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td><span class="smcap"><a href="#CHAPTER_XIV">The "Golden West"</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_196">196</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tocch">XV.</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>"<span class="smcap"><a href="#CHAPTER_XV">Down Under</a></span>"</td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_211">211</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tocch">XVI.</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td><span class="smcap"><a href="#CHAPTER_XVI">Farewell to the Footlights</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_229">229</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tocch">XVII.</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td><span class="smcap"><a href="#CHAPTER_XVII">The Curtain Falls</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_251">251</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td><a href="#APPENDIX_I"><span class="smcap">Appendix I</span>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"<span class="smcap">Arts of Beauty</span>"</a></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_267">267</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td><a href="#APPENDIX_II"><span class="smcap">Appendix II</span>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"<span class="smcap">Lola Montez' Lectures</span>"</a></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_271">271</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td><span class="smcap"><a href="#INDEX">Index</a></span></td><td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_281">281</a></td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="LIST_OF_ILLUSTRATIONS" id="LIST_OF_ILLUSTRATIONS"></a>LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS</h2>
+
+
+<table summary="Illustrations">
+<tr><td><span class="smcap"><a href="#frontispiece">Lola Montez, Countess of Landsfeld</a></span></td><td><a href="#frontispiece"><i>Frontispiece</i></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tocpg f1">PAGE</td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap"><a href="#pic_01">"John Company" Troops on the March in India</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_17">17</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap"><a href="#pic_02">Her Majesty's Theatre, Haymarket, where Lola Montez
+made her D&eacute;but</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_27">27</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap"><a href="#pic_03">Benjamin Lumley, Lessee of Her Majesty's Theatre</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_36">36</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap"><a href="#pic_04">Lola Montez, "Spanish Dancer." D&eacute;but at Her Majesty's
+Theatre</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_47">47</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap"><a href="#pic_05">Viscount Ranelagh, who organised a Cabal against Lola
+Montez</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_59">59</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap"><a href="#pic_06">Abb&eacute; Liszt, Musician and Lover</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_70">70</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap"><a href="#pic_07">Fanny Elssler, Predecessor of Lola Montez in Paris</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_83">83</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap"><a href="#pic_08">Porte St. Martin Theatre, Paris, where Lola was a "flop"</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_95">95</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap"><a href="#pic_09">Supper-party at Les Fr&egrave;res Proven&ccedil;aux. First Act in a
+Tragedy</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_106">106</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap"><a href="#pic_10">Residenz Palace, Munich, in 1848. Residence of Ludwig I.</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_120">120</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap"><a href="#pic_11">"Command" Portrait. In the "Gallery of Beauties,"
+  Munich</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_132">132</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap"><a href="#pic_12">King of Bavaria. "Ludwig the Lover"</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_144">144</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap"><a href="#pic_13">Lola Montez in Caricature. "Lola on the Allemannen
+Hound"</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_156">156</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap"><a href="#pic_14">Berrymead Priory, Acton, where Lola Montez lived with
+Cornet Heald</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_167">167</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap"><a href="#pic_15">Lola Montez in London. Aged Thirty</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_177">177</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap"><a href="#pic_16">A "Belle of the Boulevards." Lola Montez in Paris</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_187">187</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap"><a href="#pic_17">The "Spider Dance." Cause of much Criticism</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_199">199</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap"><a href="#pic_18">Lola Montez in "Lola in Bavaria." A "Play with a
+Purpose"</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_209">209</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap"><a href="#pic_19">Lola as a Lecturer. From Stage to Platform</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_219">219</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap"><a href="#pic_20">Lola Montez in Middle Life. A Characteristic Pose</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_231">231</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap"><a href="#pic_21">"Lectures and Life." From Stage to Platform</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_241">241</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap"><a href="#pic_22">Countess of Landsfeld. A Favourite Portrait</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_253">253</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap"><a href="#pic_23">Grave of Lola Montez, in Green-wood Cemetery, New York</a></span></td>
+<td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_262">262</a></td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_MAGNIFICENT_MONTEZ" id="THE_MAGNIFICENT_MONTEZ"></a>THE MAGNIFICENT MONTEZ</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_I" id="CHAPTER_I"></a>CHAPTER I</h2>
+
+<h3>PRELUDE TO ADVENTURE</h3>
+
+
+<h3>I</h3>
+<div class="figleft"><img class="img1" src="images/image_25.jpg" alt="I" width="24" height="50" /></div>
+<p>n a tearful column, headed "Necrology of the Year," a mid-Victorian
+obituarist wrote thus of a woman figuring therein:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>This was one who, notwithstanding her evil ways, had a share
+in some public transactions too remarkable to allow her name
+to be omitted from the list of celebrated persons deceased
+in the year 1861.</p>
+
+<p>Born of an English or Irish family of respectable rank, at a
+very early age the unhappy girl was found to be possessed of
+the fatal gift of beauty. She appeared for a short time on
+the stage as a dancer (for which degradation her sorrowing
+relatives put on mourning, and issued undertakers' cards to
+signify that she was now dead to them) and then blazed forth
+as the most notorious Paphian in Europe.</p>
+
+<p>Were this all, these columns would not have included her
+name. But she exhibited some very remarkable qualities. The
+natural powers of her mind were considerable. She had a
+strong will, and a certain grasp of circumstances. Her
+disposition was generous, and her sympathies very large.
+These qualities raised the courtesan to a singular position.
+She became a political influence; and exercised a
+fascination over sovereigns<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span> and ministers more widely
+extended than has perhaps been possessed by any other member
+of the <i>demi-monde</i>. She ruled a kingdom; and ruled it,
+moreover, with dignity and wisdom and ability. The political
+Hypatia, however, was sacrificed to the rabble. Her power
+was gone, and she could hope no more from the flattery of
+statesmen. She became an adventuress of an inferior class.
+Her intrigues, her duels, and her horse-whippings made her
+for a time a notoriety in London, Paris, and America.</p>
+
+<p>Like other celebrated favourites who, with all her personal
+charms, but without her glimpses of a better human nature,
+have sacrificed the dignity of womanhood to a profligate
+ambition, this one upbraided herself in her last moments on
+her wasted life; and then, when all her ambition and vanity
+had turned to ashes, she understood what it was to have been
+the toy of men and the scorn of women.</p></div>
+
+<p>Altogether a somewhat guarded suggestion of disapproval about the
+subject of this particular memoir.</p>
+
+
+<h3>II</h3>
+
+<p>Three years after the thunderous echoes of Waterloo had died away, and
+"Boney," behind a fringe of British bayonets, was safely interned on
+the island of St. Helena, there was born in barracks at Limerick a
+little girl. On the same day, in distant Bavaria, a sovereign was
+celebrating his thirty-fifth birthday. Twenty-seven years later the
+two were to meet; and from that meeting much history was to be
+written.</p>
+
+<p>The little girl who first came on the scene at Limerick was the
+daughter of one Ensign Edward Gilbert, a young officer of good Irish
+family who had married a Se&ntilde;orita Oliverres de Montalva, "of Castle
+Oliver, Madrid." At any rate, she claimed to be such, and also that
+she was directly descended from Francisco Montez, a famous toreador of
+Seville.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span> There is a strong presumption, however, that here she was
+drawing on her imagination; and, as for the "Castle Oliver" in Sunny
+Spain, well, that country has never lacked "castles."</p>
+
+<p>The Oliver family, as pointed out by E. B. d'Auvergne in his carefully
+documented <i>Adventuresses and Adventurous Ladies</i>, was really of Irish
+extraction, and had been settled in Limerick since the year 1645. "The
+family pedigree," he says, "reveals no trace of Spanish or Moorish
+blood." Further, by the beginning of the last century, the main line
+had, so far as the union of its members was blessed by the Church,
+expired, and no legitimate offspring were left. Gilbert's spouse,
+accordingly, must, if a genuine Oliverres, have come into the world
+with a considerable blot on her 'scutcheon.</p>
+
+<p>Still, if there were no hidalgos perched on her family tree, Mrs.
+Gilbert probably had some good blood in her veins. As a matter of
+fact, there is some evidence adduced by a distant relative, Miss D. M.
+Hodgson, that she was really an illegitimate daughter of an Irishman,
+Charles Oliver, of Castle Oliver (now Cloghnafoy), Co. Limerick, and a
+peasant girl on his estate. This is possible enough, for the period
+was one when squires exercised "seigneurial rights," and when colleens
+were complacent. If they were not, they had very short shrift.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Gilbert's wedding had been a hasty one. Still, not a bit too
+hasty, since the doctor and monthly nurse had to be summoned almost
+before the ink was dry on the register. As a matter of fact, Mrs.
+Gilbert must have gone to church in the condition of ladies who love
+their lords, for this "pledge of mutual affection" was born in
+Limerick barracks while the honeymoon was still in full swing, and
+within a couple of months of the nuptial knot being tied. She was
+christened Marie Dolores Eliza Rosanna, but was at first called by the
+second of these names. This, however, being a bit of a mouthful for a
+small child, she herself soon clipped it to the diminutive Lola. The
+name suited her, and it stuck.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>While these facts are supported by documentary evidence, they have not
+been "romantic" enough to fit in with the views of certain foreign
+biographers. Accordingly, they have given the child's birthplace as
+in, among other cities, Madrid, Lucerne, Constantinople, and Calcutta;
+and one of them has even been sufficiently daring to make her a
+daughter of Lord Byron. Larousse, too, not to be behindhand, says that
+she was "born in Seville, of a Spanish father"; and, alternatively,
+"in Scotland, of an English father." Both accounts, however, are
+emphatic that her mother was "a young Creole of astonishing
+loveliness, who had married two officers, a Spaniard and an
+Englishman."</p>
+
+<p>It was to Edward Gilbert's credit that he had not joined the Army with
+the King's commission in his pocket, but in a more humble capacity,
+that of a private soldier. Gallant service in the field had won him
+advancement; and in 1817 he was selected for an ensigncy in the 25th
+Foot, thus exchanging his musket and knapsack for the sword and sash
+of an officer. From the 25th Foot he was, five years later,
+transferred to the 44th Foot, commanded by Colonel Morrison. In 1822,
+its turn coming round for a spell of foreign service, the regiment
+moved from Dublin to Chatham and embarked for India. Sailing with his
+wife and child, the young officer, after a voyage that lasted the best
+(or worst) part of six months, landed at Calcutta and went into
+barracks at Fort William. On arrival there, "the newcomers," says an
+account that has been preserved, "were entertained with lavish
+hospitality and in a fashion to be compared only with the festivities
+pictured in the novels of Charles Lever." But all ranks had strong
+heads, and were none the worse for it.</p>
+
+<p>During the ensuing summer the regiment got "the route," and was
+ordered up country to Dinapore, a cantonment near Patna, on the
+Ganges, that had been founded by Warren Hastings. It was an unhealthy
+station, especially for youngsters fresh from England. A burning sun
+by day; hot stifling nights; and no breath of wind sweeping across the
+parched <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span>ghats. Within a few weeks the dreaded cholera made its
+appearance; the melancholy roll of muffled drums was heard every
+evening at sunset; and Ensign Gilbert was one of the first victims.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><a name="pic_01" id="pic_01"></a>
+<img src="images/image_02.jpg" width="600" height="336" alt="&quot;John Company&quot; troops on the march in India"  />
+<span class="caption">&quot;John Company&quot; troops on the march in India</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>The widow, it is recorded, was "left to the care and protection of
+Mrs. General Brown," the wife of the brigadier. But events were
+already marching to their appointed end; and, as a result, this
+charitable lady was soon relieved of her charge.</p>
+
+<p>Left a young widow (not yet twenty-five) with a child of five to bring
+up, and very little money on which to do it (for her husband had only
+drawn 108 rupees a month), the position in which Mrs. Gilbert found
+herself was a difficult one. "You can," wrote Lola, years afterwards,
+"have but a faint conception of the responsibility." Warm hearts,
+however, were at hand to befriend her. The warmest among them was that
+of a brother officer of her late husband, Lieutenant Patrick Craigie,
+of the 38th Native Infantry, then quartered at Dacca. A bachelor and
+possessed of considerable private means, he invited her to share his
+bungalow. The invitation was accepted. As a result, there was a
+certain amount of gossip. This, however, was promptly silenced by a
+second invitation, also accepted, to share his name; and, in August,
+1824, Mrs. Gilbert, renouncing her mourning and her widowhood,
+blossomed afresh as Mrs. Craigie. It is said that the ceremony was
+performed by Bishop Heber, Metropolitan of Calcutta, who happened to
+be visiting Dacca at the time. Very soon afterwards the benedict
+received a staff appointment as deputy-adjutant-general at Simla,
+combined with that of deputy-postmaster at Headquarters. This sent him
+a step up the ladder to the rank of captain and brought a welcome
+addition to his pay. In the opinion of the station "gup," some of it
+not too charitable, the widow "had done well for herself."</p>
+
+<p>Captain Craigie, who appears to have been a somewhat Dobbin-like
+individual, proved an affectionate husband and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span> step-father. The
+little girl's prettiness and precocity appealed to him strongly. He
+could not do enough for her; and he spoiled her by refusing to check
+her wayward disposition and encouraging her mischievous pranks. It was
+not a good upbringing; and, as dress and "society" filled the thoughts
+of her mother, the "Miss Baba" was left very much to the care of the
+swarms of native servants attached to the bungalow. She was petted by
+all with whom she came into contact, from the gilded staff of
+Government House down to the humblest sepoy and bearer. Lord Hastings,
+the Commander-in-Chief&mdash;a rigid disciplinarian who had reintroduced
+the "cat" when Lord Minto, his predecessor in office, had abolished
+it&mdash;smiled affably on her. She sat on the laps of be-medalled
+generals, veterans of Assaye and Bhurtpore, and pulled their whiskers
+unchecked; and she ran wild in the compounds of the civilian big-wigs
+and mercantile nabobs who, as was the custom in the days of "John
+Company," had shaken the pagoda tree to their own considerable profit.
+After all, as they said, when any protest filtered through to
+Leadenhall Street, what were the natives for, except to be exploited;
+and busybodies who took them to task were talking nonsense. Worse,
+they were "disloyal."</p>
+
+<p>As, however, there were adequate reasons why children could not stop
+in the country indefinitely, Lola's step-father, after much anxious
+consideration, decided that, since she was running wild and getting
+into mischief, the best thing to do with her would be to have her
+brought up by his relatives in Scotland. A suitable escort having been
+found and a passage engaged, in the autumn of 1826 she was sent to
+Montrose, where his own father, a "venerable man occupying the
+position of provost, and sisters were living."</p>
+
+<p>From India to Scotland was a considerable change. Not a change for the
+better, in the opinion of the new arrival there. The Montrose
+household, ruled by Captain Craigie's elderly sisters, was a dour and
+strict one, informed by an atmosphere of bleak and chill Calvinism.
+All enjoyment was frowned<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span> upon; pleasure was "worldly" and had to be
+severely suppressed. No more petting and spoiling for the little girl.
+Instead, a regime of porridge and prayers and unending lessons. As a
+result the child was so wretched that, convinced her mother would
+prove unsympathetic, she wrote to her step-father, begging to be sent
+back to him. This, of course, was impossible. Still, when the letter,
+blotted with tears, reached him in Calcutta, Captain Craigie's heart
+was touched. If she was unhappy among his kinsfolk at Montrose, he
+would send her somewhere else. But where? That was the question.</p>
+
+<p>As luck would have it, by the same mail a second letter, offering a
+solution of the problem, arrived from an Anglo-Indian friend. This was
+Sir Jasper Nicolls, K.C.B., a veteran of Assaye and Bhurtpore, who had
+settled down in England and wanted a young girl as companion for, and
+to be brought up with, his own motherless daughter. The two got into
+correspondence; and, the necessary arrangements having been completed,
+little Lola Gilbert, beside herself with delight, was in the summer of
+1830 packed off to Sir Jasper's house at Bath.</p>
+
+<p>"Are you sorry to leave us?" enquired the eldest Miss Craigie.</p>
+
+<p>"Not a bit," was the candid response.</p>
+
+<p>"Mark my words, Miss, you'll come to a bad ending," predicted the
+other sourly.</p>
+
+
+<h3>III</h3>
+
+<p>But if Bath was to be a "bad ending," it was certainly to be a good
+beginning. There, instead of bleakness and constant reproof, Lola
+found herself wrapped in an atmosphere of warmth and friendliness. Sir
+Jasper was kindness itself; and his daughter Fanny made the newcomer
+welcome. The two girls took to one another from the first, sharing
+each other's pleasures as they shared each other's studies. Thus, they
+blushed and gushed when required; sewed samplers and copied texts;
+learned a little French and drawing;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span> grappled with Miss Mangnall's
+<i>Questions for the Use of Young People</i>; practised duets and ballads;
+touched the strings of the harp; wept over the poems of "L.E.L."; read
+Byron surreptitiously, and the newly published <i>Sketches by Boz</i>
+openly; admired the "Books of Beauty" and sumptuously bound "Keepsake
+Annuals," edited by the Countess of Blessington and the Hon. Mrs.
+Norton; laughed demurely at the antics of that elderly figure-of-fun,
+"Romeo" Coates, when he took the air in the Quadrant; wondered why
+that distinguished veteran, Sir Charles Napier, made a point of
+cutting Sir Jasper Nicolls; curtsied to the little Princess Victoria,
+then staying at the York Hotel, and turned discreetly aside when the
+Duchess de Berri happened to pass; and (since they were not entirely
+cloistered) attended, under the watchful eye of a governess, "select"
+concerts in the Assembly Rooms (with Catalini and Garsia in the
+programmes) and an occasional play at the Theatre Royal, where from
+time to time they had a glimpse of Fanny Kemble and Kean and Macready;
+and, in short, followed the approved curriculum of young ladies of
+their position in the far off-days when William IV was King.</p>
+
+<p>Although Sir Jasper had a hearty and John Bullish contempt for
+foreigners&mdash;and especially for the "Froggies" he had helped to drub at
+Waterloo&mdash;he felt that they, none the less, had their points; and that
+they were born on the wrong side of the Channel was their misfortune,
+rather than their fault. Accordingly, there was an interval in Paris,
+where the two girls were sent to learn French. There, in addition to a
+knowledge of the language, Lola acquired a technique that was
+afterwards to prove valuable amid other and very different
+surroundings. If de Mirecourt (a far from reliable authority) is to be
+believed, she was also, during this period, presented to King Charles
+X by the British Ambassador. On the evidence of dates, however, this
+could not have been the case, for Charles had relinquished his sceptre
+and fled to England long before Lola arrived in the country.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>After an interval, Sir Jasper felt that he ought to slip across to
+Paris himself, if only to make sure that his daughter and ward were
+"not getting into mischief, or having their heads filled with ideas."
+No sooner said than done and, posting to Dover, he took the packet.
+Having relieved his mind as to the welfare of the two girls, he turned
+his attention to other matters. As he had anticipated, a number of his
+old comrades who had settled in Paris gave him a warm welcome and
+readily undertook to "show him round." He enjoyed the experience. Life
+was pleasant there, and the theatres and caf&eacute;s were attractive and a
+change from the austerities of Bath. The ladies, too, whom he
+encountered when he smoked his cheroot in the Palais Royal gardens,
+smiled affably on the "English Milord." Some of them, with very little
+encouragement, did more. "No nonsense about waiting for
+introductions."</p>
+
+<p>But, despite its amenities, Paris in the early 'thirties was not
+altogether a suitable resort for British visitors. The political
+atmosphere was distinctly ruffled. Revolution was in the air. Sir
+Jasper sniffed the coming changes; and was tactician enough to avoid
+being engulfed in the threatened maelstrom by slipping back to England
+with his young charges in the nick of time. Others of his compatriots,
+not so fortunate or so discreet, found themselves clapped into French
+prisons.</p>
+
+<p>Returning to the tranquillity of Bath, things resumed their normal
+course. Sir Jasper nursed his gout (changing his opinion of French
+cooking, to which he attributed a fresh attack) and the girls picked
+up the threads they had temporarily dropped.</p>
+
+<p>Always responsive to her environment, Lola expanded quickly in the
+sympathetic atmosphere of the Nicolls household. Before long,
+Montrose, with its "blue Scotch Calvinism," was but a memory. Instead
+of being snubbed and scolded, she was petted and encouraged. As a
+result, she grew cheerful and vivacious, full of high spirits and
+laughter.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span> Perhaps because of her mother's Spanish blood, she matured
+early. At sixteen she was a woman. A remarkably attractive one, too,
+giving&mdash;with her raven tresses, long-lashed violet eyes, and graceful
+figure&mdash;promise of the ripe beauty for which she was afterwards to be
+distinguished throughout two hemispheres. Of a romantic disposition,
+she, naturally enough, had her <i>affaires</i>. Several of them, as it
+happened. One of them was with an usher, who had slipped amorous
+missives into her prayer-book. Greatly daring, he followed this up by
+bearding Sir Jasper in his den and asking permission to "pay his
+addresses" to his ward. The warrior's response was unconciliatory.
+Still, he could not be angry when, on being challenged, the girl
+laughed at him.</p>
+
+<p>"Egad!" he declared. "But, before long, Miss, you'll be setting all
+the men by the ears."</p>
+
+<p>Prophetic words.</p>
+
+
+<h3>IV</h3>
+
+<p>During the interval that elapsed since they last met, Mrs. Craigie had
+troubled herself very little about the child she had sent to England.
+When, however, she received her portrait from Sir Jasper, together
+with a glowing description of her attractiveness and charm, the
+situation assumed a fresh aspect. Lola, she felt, had become an asset,
+instead of an anxiety; and, as such, must make a "good" marriage. Bath
+swarmed with detrimentals, and there was a risk of a pretty girl,
+bereft of a mother's watchful care, being snapped up by one of them.
+Possibly, a younger son, without a penny with which to bless himself.
+A shuddering prospect for an ambitious mother. Obviously, therefore,
+the thing to do was to get her daughter out to India and marry her off
+to a rich husband. The richer, the better.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Craigie went to work in business-like fashion, and cast a
+maternal eye over the "eligibles" she met at Government House. The one
+among them she ultimately selected as a really desirable son-in-law
+was a Calcutta judge, Sir Abraham Lumley. It was true he was more than
+old enough to be the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span> girl's father, and was distinctly liverish. But
+this, she felt, was beside the point, since he had accumulated a vast
+number of rupees, and would, before long, retire on a snug pension.</p>
+
+<p>Sir Abraham was accordingly sounded. Hardened bachelor as he was, a
+single glance at Lola's portrait was enough to send his blood-pressure
+up to fever heat. In positive rapture at the idea of such fresh young
+loveliness becoming his, he declared himself ready to change his
+condition, and discussed handsome settlements.</p>
+
+<p>With everything thus cut and dried, as she considered, Mrs. Craigie
+took the next step in her programme. This was to leave India for
+England, during the autumn of 1836, and tell Lola of the "good news"
+in store for her. She was then to bring her back to Calcutta and the
+expectant arms of Sir Abraham.</p>
+
+<p>Honest Captain Craigie looked a little dubious when he was consulted.</p>
+
+<p>"Perhaps she won't care about him," he suggested.</p>
+
+<p>"Fiddlesticks!" retorted his wife. "Any girl would jump at the chance
+of being Lady Lumley. Think of the position."</p>
+
+<p>"I'm thinking of Lola," he said.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_II" id="CHAPTER_II"></a>CHAPTER II</h2>
+
+<h3>"MARRIED IN HASTE"</h3>
+
+
+<h3>I</h3>
+<div class="figleft"><img class="img1" src="images/image_26.jpg" alt="A" width="51" height="50" /></div>
+<p>mong the passengers accompanying Mrs. Craigie on the long voyage to
+Southampton was a Lieutenant Thomas James, a debonair young officer of
+the Bengal Infantry, who made himself very agreeable to her and with
+whom he exchanged many confidences. He was going home on a year's sick
+leave; and at the suggestion of his ship-board acquaintance he decided
+to spend the first month of it in Bath.</p>
+
+<p>"It's time I settled down," he said. "Who knows, but I might pick up a
+wife in Bath and take her back to India with me."</p>
+
+<p>"Who knows," agreed Mrs. Craigie, her match-making instincts aroused.
+"Bath is full of pretty girls."</p>
+
+<p>The meeting between mother and daughter developed very differently
+from the lines on which she had planned it. Contrary to what she had
+expected, Lola did not evince any marked readiness to fall in with
+them. Quite undazzled by the prospects of becoming Lady Lumley, and
+reclining on Sir Abraham's elderly bosom, she even went so far as to
+dub the learned judge a "gouty old rascal," and declared that nothing
+would induce her to marry him. Neither reproaches nor arguments had
+any effect. Nor would she exhibit the smallest interest in the
+trousseau for which (but without her knowledge) lavish orders had been
+given.</p>
+
+<p>Poor Mrs. Craigie could scarcely believe her ears. For a daughter to
+run counter to the wishes of her mother, and to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span> snap her fingers at
+the chance of marrying a "title," was something she had considered
+impossible. What on earth were girls coming to, she wondered. Either
+the Paris "finishing school" or the Bath air had gone to her head. The
+times were out of joint, and the theory that daughters did what they
+were told was being rudely upset. It was all very disturbing.</p>
+
+<p>In her astonishment and annoyance, Mrs. Craigie took to her bed.
+However, she did not stop there long, for prompt measures had to be
+adopted. As it was useless to tackle Sir Jasper Nicolls (whom she held
+responsible for the upset to her plans) she sought counsel of somebody
+else. This was her military friend, who, as luck would have it, was
+still lingering in Bath, where he had evidently discovered some
+special attraction. After all, he was a "man of the world" and would
+know what to do. Accordingly, she summoned him to a consultation, and
+unburdened her mind on the subject of Lola's "oddness."</p>
+
+<p>"Of course, the girl's mad," she declared. "Nothing else would account
+for it. Can you imagine any girl in her senses turning up her nose at
+such a match? I never heard such rubbish. I'm sure I don't know what
+Sir Abraham will say. He expects her to join him in Calcutta by the
+end of the year. As a matter of fact, I've already booked her passage.
+The wedding is to be from our house there. Something will have to be
+done. The question is, what?"</p>
+
+<p>"Leave it to me," was the airy response. "I'll talk to her."</p>
+
+<p>Thomas James did "talk." He talked to some effect, but not at all in
+the fashion Mrs. Craigie had intended. Expressing sympathy with Lola,
+he declared himself entirely on her side. She was much too young and
+pretty and attractive, he said, to dream for an instant of marrying a
+man who was old enough to be her grandfather, and bury herself in
+India. The idea was ridiculous. He had a much better plan to offer.
+When Lola, smiling through her tears, asked him what it was, he said
+that she must run away with him and they would get<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span> married. Thus the
+problem of her future would be solved automatically.</p>
+
+<p>The luxuriant whiskers and dashing air of Lieutenant Thomas James did
+their work. Further, the suggestion was just the sort of thing that
+happened to heroines in novels. Lola Gilbert, young and romantic and
+inexperienced, succumbed. Watching her opportunity, she slipped out of
+the house early the next morning. Her lover had a post-chaise in
+readiness, and they set off in it for Bristol. There they took the
+packet and crossed over to Ireland, where James had relatives, who, he
+promised, would look after her until their marriage should be
+accomplished.</p>
+
+<p>"Elopement in High Life!" A tit-bit of gossip for the tea-tables and
+for the bucks at the clubs. No longer a sleepy hollow. Bath was in the
+"news."</p>
+
+<p>It was not until they were gone that Mrs. Craigie discovered what had
+happened. Her first reaction was one of furious indignation. This,
+however, was natural, for not only had her ambitious project gone
+astray, but she had been deceived by the very man she had trusted. It
+was more than enough to upset anybody, especially as she was also
+confronted with the unpleasant task of writing to Sir Abraham Lumley,
+and telling him what had happened. As a result, she announced that she
+would "wash her hands" of the pair of them.</p>
+
+<p>While it was one thing to run away, it was, as Lola soon discovered,
+another thing to get married. An unexpected difficulty presented
+itself, as the parish priest whom they consulted refused to perform
+the ceremony for so young a girl without being first assured of her
+mother's consent. Mrs. Craigie, erupting tears and threats, declined
+to give it. Thereupon, James's married sister, Mrs. Watson, sprang
+into the breach and pointed out that "things have gone so far that it
+is now too late to draw back, if scandal is to be avoided." The
+argument was effective; and, a reluctant consent having been secured,
+on July 23, 1837, the "position was regularised" by <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span>the
+bridegroom's brother, the Rev. John James, vicar of Rathbiggon, County
+Meath. "Thomas James, bachelor, Lieutenant, 21st Bengal Native
+Infantry, and Rose Anna Gilbert, condition, spinster," was the entry
+on the certificate.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><a name="pic_02" id="pic_02"></a>
+<img src="images/image_03.jpg" width="600" height="353" alt="Her Majesty&#39;s Theatre, Haymarket, where Lola Montez
+made her d&eacute;but"  />
+<span class="caption">Her Majesty&#39;s Theatre, Haymarket, where Lola Montez
+made her d&eacute;but</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>After a short honeymoon in Dublin, first at the Shamrock Hotel, and
+then in rather squalid lodgings (for cash was not plentiful), Lola was
+taken back to her husband's relatives. They lived in a dull Irish
+village on the edge of a peat bog, where the young bride found
+existence very boring. Then, too, when the glamour of the elopement
+had dimmed, it was obvious that her action in running away from Bath
+had been precipitate. Thomas, for all his luxuriant whiskers and dash,
+was, she reflected sadly, "nothing but the outside shell of a man,
+with neither a brain that she could respect nor a heart she could
+love." A sorry awakening from the dreams in which she had indulged. As
+a matter of fact, they had nothing in common. The husband, who was
+sixteen years his wife's senior, cared for little but hunting and
+drinking, and Lola's tastes were mainly for dancing and flirting.</p>
+
+<p>It was in Dublin, where, much to her satisfaction, her spouse was
+ordered on temporary duty, that she discovered a ready outlet for
+these activities.</p>
+
+<p>"Dear dirty Dublin" was, to Lola's way of thinking, a vast improvement
+on Rathbiggon. At any rate, there was "society," smart young officers
+and rising politicians, instead of clodhopping squireens and village
+boors, to talk to, and shops where the new fashions could be examined,
+and theatres with real London actors and actresses. If only she had
+had a little money to spend, she would have been perfectly happy. But
+Tom James had nothing beyond his pay, which scarcely kept him in
+cheroots and car fares. Still, this did not prevent him running up
+debts.</p>
+
+<p>The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland at that period was the Earl of Mulgrave
+("the Elegant Mulgrave"), afterwards Marquess of Normanby. A great
+admirer of pretty women, and fond of exercising the Viceregal
+privilege of kissing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span> attractive d&eacute;butantes, the drawing-rooms at the
+Castle were popular functions under his regime. He showed young Mrs.
+James much attention. The aides-de-camp, prominent among whom were
+Bernal Osborne and Francis Sheridan, followed the example thus set
+them by their chief; and tickets for balls and concerts and
+dinner-parties and drums and routs were showered upon her.</p>
+
+<p>Thinking that these compliments and attentions were being overdone,
+Lieutenant James took them amiss and elected to become jealous. He
+talked darkly of "calling out" one of his wife's admirers. But before
+there could be any early morning pistol-play in the Ph&oelig;nix Park, an
+unexpected solution offered itself. Trouble was suddenly threatened on
+the Afghan frontier; and, in the summer of 1837, all officers on leave
+from India were ordered to rejoin their regiments. Welcoming the
+prospect of thus renewing her acquaintance with a country of which she
+still had pleasant memories, Lola set to work to pack her trunks.</p>
+
+<p>If she had followed the advice of a certain "travellers' handbook,"
+written by Miss Emma Roberts, that was then very popular, she must
+have had a considerable amount of baggage. Thus, according to this
+authority, the "List of Necessaries for a Lady on a Voyage from
+England to India" included, among other items, the following articles:
+"72 chemises; 36 nightcaps; 70 pocket-handkerchiefs; 30 pairs of
+drawers (or combinations, at choice); 15 petticoats; 60 pairs of
+stockings; 45 pairs of gloves; at least 20 dresses of different
+texture; 12 shawls and parasols; and 3 bonnets and 15 morning caps,
+together with biscuits and preserves at discretion, and a dozen boxes
+of aperient pills." Nothing omitted. Provision for all contingencies.</p>
+
+<p>Officers were also required to provide themselves with an elaborate
+outfit. Thus, the list recommended in the <i>East India Voyage</i> gives,
+among other necessary items, "72 calico shirts; 60 pairs of stockings;
+18 pairs of drawers; 24 pairs of gloves; and 20 pairs of trousers";
+together with uniform,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span> saddlery, and camp equipment; and such odds
+and ends as "60 lbs. of wax candles and several bottles of ink."
+Nothing, however, about red-tape.</p>
+
+<p>A helpful hint furnished by Miss Roberts was that "A lady on
+ship-board, spruced up for the Park or the Opera, would only be an
+object of ridicule to her experienced companions. Frippery which would
+be discarded in England is often useful in India. Members of my sex,"
+she adds, "who have to study economy, can always secure bargains by
+acquiring at small cost items of fashion which, while outmoded in
+London, will be new enough by the time they reach Calcutta."</p>
+
+<p>A lady with such sound views on managing the domestic budget as Miss
+Emma Roberts should not have remained long in single blessedness.</p>
+
+
+<h3>II</h3>
+
+<p>Those were not the days of ocean greyhounds, covering the distance
+between England and India in a couple of weeks. Nor was there then any
+Suez Canal route to shorten the long miles that had to be traversed.
+Thus, when Lola and her spouse embarked from England in an East
+Indiaman, the voyage took nearly five months to accomplish, with calls
+at Madeira, St. Helena, and the Cape, before the welcome cry, "Land
+Ahead!" was heard and anchor was dropped at Calcutta.</p>
+
+<p>Lola's first acquaintance with India's coral strand had been made as a
+child of five. Now she was returning as a married woman. Yet she was
+scarcely eighteen. She did not stop in Calcutta long, for her
+husband's regiment was in the Punjaub, and a peremptory message from
+the brigadier required him to rejoin as soon as possible. It was at
+Kurnaul (as it was then spelled) that Lola began her experience of
+garrison life. Among the other officers she met there was a young
+subaltern of the Bengal Artillery, who, in the years to come, was to
+make a name for himself as "Lawrence of Lucknow."</p>
+
+<p>The year 1838 was, for both the Company's troops and the Queen's Army,
+an eventful one where India was concerned.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span> During the spring Lord
+Auckland, the newly-appointed Governor-General, hatched the foolish
+and ill-conceived policy which led to the first Afghan war. His idea
+(so far as he had one) was, with the help of Brown Bess and British
+bayonets, to replace Dost Muhammed, who had sat on the throne there
+for twenty years without giving any real trouble, by an incompetent
+upstart of his own nomination, Shah Shuja.</p>
+
+<p>Lieutenant James's regiment, the 21st Bengal Native Infantry, was
+among those selected to join the expeditionary force appointed to
+"uphold the prestige of the British Raj"; and, as was the custom at
+that time, Lola, mounted on an elephant (which she shared with the
+colonel's better half), and followed by a train of baggage camels and
+a pack of foxhounds complete, accompanied her husband to the frontier.
+The other ladies included Mrs. McNaghten and Mrs. Robert Sale and the
+Governor-General's two daughters. It is just possible that Macaulay
+had a glimpse of Lola, for a contemporary letter says that "he turned
+out to wish the party farewell."</p>
+
+<p>The "Army of the Indus" was given a good send off by a loyal native
+prince, Ranjeet Singh (the "Lion of the Punjaub"), who, on their march
+up country, entertained the column in a rest-camp at Lahore with
+"showy pageants and gay doings," among which were nautch dances,
+cock-fights, and theatricals. He meant well, no doubt, but he
+contrived to upset a chaplain, who declared himself shocked that a
+"bevy of dancing prostitutes should appear in the presence of the
+ladies of the family of a British Governor-General." Judging from a
+luscious account that Lola gives of a big durbar, to which all the
+officers and their wives were bidden, these strictures were not
+unjustifiable. Thus, after Lord Auckland ("in sky blue
+inexpressibles") and his host had delivered patriotic speeches (with
+florid allusions to the "British Raj," the "Sahib Log," and the "Great
+White Queen," and all the rest of it) gifts were distributed among the
+assembled<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span> company. Some of these were of an embarrassing description,
+since they took the form of "beautiful Circassian slave maidens,
+covered with very little beyond precious gems." To the obvious
+annoyance, however, of a number of prospective recipients, "the Rajah
+was officially informed that English custom and military regulations
+alike did not permit Her Majesty's warriors to accept such tokens of
+goodwill."</p>
+
+<p>But, if they could not receive them, the guests had to make presents
+in turn, and Ranjeet Singh for his part had no qualms about accepting
+them. With true Oriental politeness, and "without moving a muscle," he
+registered rapture at a "miscellaneous collection of imitation gold
+and silver trinkets and rusty old pistols offered him on behalf of the
+Honourable East India Company."</p>
+
+<p>A correspondent of the <i>Calcutta Englishman</i> was much impressed. "The
+particular gift," he says, "before which the Maharajah bent with the
+devotion of a <i>preux chevalier</i> was a full-length portrait of our
+gracious little Queen, from the brush of the Hon. Miss Eden herself."</p>
+
+<p>In a letter from Lord Auckland's military secretary, the Hon. William
+Osborne, there is an account of these doings at Lahore:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Ranjeet has entertained us all most handsomely. No one in
+the camp is allowed to purchase a single thing; and a list
+is sent round twice a week in which you put down just what
+you require, and it is furnished at his expense. It costs
+him 25,000 rupees a day. Nothing could exceed his liberality
+and friendship during the whole of the Governor-General's
+visit.</p></div>
+
+<p>A second durbar, held at Simla, was accompanied by much florid
+imagery, all of which had to be interpreted for the benefit of Lord
+Auckland. "It took a quarter of an hour," says his sister, "to satisfy
+him about the Maharajah's health, and to ascertain that the roses had
+bloomed in the garden of friendship, and the nightingales had sung in
+the bowers of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span> affection sweeter than ever since the two Powers had
+approached each other."</p>
+
+<p>The Afghan campaign, as ill conceived as it was ill carried out,
+followed its appointed course. That is to say, it was punctuated by
+"regrettable incidents" and quarrels among the generals (two of whom,
+Sir Henry Fane and Sir John Keane, were not on speaking terms); and,
+with the Afghans living to fight another day, a "success for British
+arms" was announced. Thereupon, the column returned to India, bands
+playing, elephants trumpeting a salute, and guns thundering a welcome.
+"The war," declared His Excellency (who had received an earldom) in an
+official despatch, "is all over." Unfortunately, however, it was all
+over Afghanistan, with the result that there had to be another
+campaign in the following year. This time, not even Lord Auckland's
+imagination could call it "successful."</p>
+
+<p>"There will be a great deal of prize money," was the complacent
+fashion in which Miss Eden summed up the situation. "Another man has
+been put on the Khelat throne, so that business is finished." But it
+was not finished. It was only just beginning. "Within six months,"
+says Edward Thompson, "Khelat was recaptured by a son of the slain
+Khan, Lord Auckland's puppet ejected, and the English commander of the
+garrison murdered."</p>
+
+<p>Although the expedition that followed was the subject of a highly
+eulogistic despatch from the Commander-in-Chief and the big-wigs at
+headquarters, a number of "regrettable incidents" were officially
+admitted. As a result, a regiment of Light Cavalry was disbanded, "as
+a punishment for poltroonery in the hour of trial and the dastards
+struck off the Army List."</p>
+
+<p>Later on, when Lord Ellenborough was Governor-General, a bombastic
+memorandum, addressed "To all the Princes and Chiefs and People of
+India," was issued by him:</p>
+
+<p>"Our victorious army bears the gates of the Temple of Somnauth in
+triumph from Afghanistan, and the despoiled<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span> tomb of Sultan Mahmood
+looks down upon the ruins of Ghuznee. The insult of 800 years is at
+last avenged!</p>
+
+<p>"To you I shall commit this glorious trophy of successful war. You
+will yourselves with all honour transmit the gates of sandalwood to
+the restored Temple of Somnauth.</p>
+
+<p>"May that good Providence, which has hitherto so manifestly protected
+me, still extend to me its favour, that I may so use the power
+entrusted to my hands to advance your prosperity and happiness by
+placing the union of our two countries upon foundations that may
+render it eternal."</p>
+
+<p>There was a good deal more in a similar style, for his lordship loved
+composing florid despatches. But this one had a bad reception when it
+was sent home to England. "At this puerile piece of business," says
+the plain spoken Stocqueler, "the commonsense of the British community
+at large revolted. The ministers of religion protested against it as a
+most unpardonable homage to an idolatrous temple. Ridiculed by the
+Press of India and England, and laughed at by the members of his own
+party in Parliament, Lord Ellenborough halted the gates at Agra, and
+postponed the completion of the monstrous folly he had more than begun
+to perpetrate."</p>
+
+<p>Severe as was this criticism, it was not unmerited. Ellenborough's
+theatrical bombast, like that of Napoleon at the Pyramids, recoiled
+upon him, bringing a hornets' nest about his own ears and leading to
+his recall. As a matter of fact, too, the gates which he held in such
+reverence were found to be replicas of the pair that the Sultan
+Mahmood had pilfered from Somnauth; and were not of sandalwood at all,
+but of common deal.</p>
+
+
+<h3>III</h3>
+
+<p>While following the drum from camp to camp and from station to
+station, Lola spent several months in Bareilly, a town that was
+afterwards to play an important part in the Mutiny. Colonel Durand, an
+officer who was present when the city was captured in 1858, says that
+the bungalow she occupied there was destroyed. Yet, the mutineers, he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span>
+noticed, had spared the bath house that had been built for her in the
+compound.</p>
+
+<p>During the hot weather of 1839, young Mrs. James, accompanied by her
+husband, went off to Simla for a month on a visit to her mother, who,
+yielding to pressure, had at last held out the olive-branch. The
+welcome, however&mdash;except from Captain Craigie, who still had a warm
+corner in his heart for her&mdash;was somewhat frigid.</p>
+
+<p>There is a reference to this visit in <i>Up the Country</i>, a once popular
+book by Lord Auckland's sister, the Hon. Emily Eden. Following the coy
+fashion of the period, however, she always refrained from giving a
+name in full, but would merely allude to people as "Colonel A," "Mr.
+B," "Mrs. C," and "Miss D," etc. Still, the identities of "Mrs. J" and
+"Mrs. C" in this extract are clear enough:</p>
+
+<p class="sig2"><i>September 8, 1839.</i></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Simla is much moved just now by the arrival of a Mrs. J, who
+has been talked of as a great beauty all the year, and that
+drives every other woman quite distracted.... Mrs. J is the
+daughter of a Mrs. C, who is still very handsome herself,
+and whose husband is deputy-adjutant-general, or some
+military authority of that kind. She sent this only child to
+be educated at home, and went home herself two years ago to
+see her. In the same ship was Mr. J, a poor ensign, going
+home on sick leave. He told her he was engaged to be
+married, consulted her about his prospects, and in the
+meantime privately married this child at school. It was
+enough to provoke any mother; but, as it now cannot be
+helped, we have all been trying to persuade her for the last
+year to make it up. She has withstood it till now, but at
+last has consented to ask them for a month, and they arrived
+three days ago.</p>
+
+<p>The rush on the road was remarkable. But nothing could be
+more satisfactory than the result, for Mrs. J<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span> looked
+lovely, and Mrs. C has set up for her a very grand jonpaun,
+with bearers in fine orange and brown liveries; and J is a
+sort of smart-looking man with bright waistcoats and bright
+teeth, with a showy horse, and he rode along in an attitude
+of respectful attention to <i>ma belle m&egrave;re</i>. Altogether, it
+was an imposing sight, and I cannot see any way out of it
+but magnanimous admiration.</p></div>
+
+<p>During this visit to Simla the couple were duly bidden to dine at
+Auckland House, on Elysium Hill, where they met His Excellency.</p>
+
+<p>"We had a dinner yesterday," wrote their hostess. "Mrs. J is
+undoubtedly very pretty, and such a merry unaffected girl. She is only
+seventeen now, and does not look so old; and when one thinks that she
+is married to a junior lieutenant in the Indian Army, fifteen years
+older than herself, and that they have 160 rupees a month, and are to
+pass their whole lives in India, I do not wonder at Mrs. C's
+resentment at her having run away from school."</p>
+
+<p>Writing to Lady Teresa Lister in England, Miss Eden gives an
+entertaining account of Simla at this date:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Everybody has been pleased and amused, except the two
+clergymen who are here, and who have begun a course of
+sermons against what they call a destructive torrent of
+worldly gaiety. They had much better preach against the
+destructive torrent of rain which has now set in for the
+next three months, and not only washes away all gaiety, but
+all the paths, in the literal sense, which lead to it.... I
+do not count Simla as any grievance&mdash;nice climate, beautiful
+place, constant fresh air, plenty of fleas, not much
+society, everything that is desirable.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>In another letter, this indefatigable correspondent remarks:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Here, society is not much trouble, nor much anything else.
+We give sundry dinners and occasional balls, and have hit
+upon one popular device. Our band plays twice a week on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span> one
+of the hills here, and we send ices and refreshments to the
+listeners, and it makes a nice little reunion with very
+little trouble.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="pic_03" id="pic_03"></a>
+<img src="images/image_04.jpg" width="400" height="614" alt="Benjamin Lumley. Lessee of Her Majesty&#39;s Theatre"  />
+<span class="caption">Benjamin Lumley. Lessee of Her Majesty&#39;s Theatre</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>A further reference to the amenities of Government House at Simla
+during the Aucklands' regime is instructive, as showing that it was
+not a case of all work and no play:</p>
+
+<p>There are about ninety-six ladies here whose husbands are gone to the
+wars, and about twenty-six gentlemen&mdash;at least, there will, with good
+luck, be about that number. We have a very dancing set of
+aides-de-camp just now, and they are utterly desperate at the notion
+of our having no balls. I suppose we must begin on one in a fortnight;
+but it will be difficult, and there are several young ladies here with
+whom some of our gentlemen are much smitten. As they will have no
+rivals here, I am horribly afraid the flirtations may become serious,
+and then we shall lose some active aides-de-camp, and they will find
+themselves on ensign's pay with a wife to keep. However, they <i>will</i>
+have these balls, so it is not my fault.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>After she had left Simla and its round of gaieties, Lola was to have
+another meeting with the hospitable Aucklands. This took place in camp
+at Kurnaul, "a great ugly cantonment, all barracks and dust and guns
+and soldiers." Miss Eden, who was accompanying her brother on a tour
+through the district, wrote to her sister in England:</p>
+
+<p class="sig2"><i>November 13, 1839.</i></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>We were at home in the evening, and it was an immense party;
+but, except that pretty Mrs. J, who was at Simla, and who
+looked like a star among the others, the women were all
+plain.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<p>A couple of days later, she added some further particulars:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>We left Kurnaul yesterday morning. Little Mrs. J was so
+unhappy at our going that we asked her to come <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span>and pass
+the day here, and brought her with us. She went from tent to
+tent and chattered all day and visited her friend, Mrs. M,
+who is with the camp. I gave her a pink silk gown, and it
+was altogether a very happy day for her evidently. It ended
+in her going back to Kurnaul on my elephant, with E.N. by
+her side, and Mr. J sitting behind. She had never been on an
+elephant before, and thought it delightful.</p>
+
+<p>She is very pretty, and a good little thing apparently. But
+they are very poor, and she is very young and lively, and if
+she falls into bad hands, she would laugh herself into
+foolish scrapes. At present the husband and wife are very
+fond of each other, but a girl who marries at fifteen hardly
+knows what she likes.</p></div>
+
+<p>When she wrote this passage, Miss Eden might have been a Sibyl, for
+her words were to become abundantly true.</p>
+
+
+<h3>IV</h3>
+
+<p>Except when on active service, officers of the Company's Army were not
+overworked. Everything was left to the sergeants and corporals; and,
+while Thomas Atkins and Jack Sepoy trudged in the dust and sweated and
+drilled in their absurd stocks and tight tunics, the commissioned
+ranks, lolling in barracks, killed the long hours as they pleased.</p>
+
+<p>Following form, Captain James (the Afghan business had brought him a
+step in rank) did a certain amount of tiger-shooting and pig-sticking,
+and a good deal of brandy-swilling, combined with card-playing and
+gambling. As a husband, he was not a conspicuous success. "He slept,"
+complained Lola, feeling herself neglected, "like a boa-constrictor,"
+and, during the intervals of wakefulness, "drank too much porter." The
+result was, there were quarrels, instead of love-making, for they both
+had tempers.</p>
+
+<p>"Runaway matches, like runaway horses," Lola had once written, "are
+almost sure to end in a smash-up." In this<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span> case there was a
+"smash-up," for Tom James was not always sleeping and drinking. He had
+other activities. If fond of a glass, he was also fond of a lass. The
+one among them for whom he evinced a special fondness was a Mrs.
+Lomer, the wife of a brother officer, the adjutant of his regiment.
+His partiality was reciprocated.</p>
+
+<p>One morning when, without any suspicion of what was in store for them,
+Mrs. James and Adjutant Lomer sat down to their <i>chota-hazree</i>, two
+members of the accustomed breakfast party were missing. Enquiries
+having been set on foot, the fact was elicited that Captain James and
+Mrs. Lomer had gone out for an early ride. It must have been a long
+one, thought the camp, as they did not appear at dinner that evening.
+Messengers sent to look for them came back with a disturbing report.
+This was to the effect that the couple had slipped off to the Nilgiri
+Hills and had decided to stop there.</p>
+
+<p>The next morning a panting native brought a letter from the errant
+lady addressed to her furious spouse. This missive is (without
+explaining how he got it) reproduced by an American journalist, T.
+Everett Harr&eacute;, in a series of articles, <i>The Heavenly Sinner</i>: "I
+suggest," runs an extract, "you come to your senses and give me my
+freedom ... I am going with a man of parts who knows how to give a
+woman the attentions she craves, and is himself glad to shake off a
+young chit of a wife who is too brainless to appreciate him."</p>
+
+<p>A first-class sensation. The entire cantonment throbbed and buzzed
+with excitement. The colonel fumed; the adjutant cursed; and there was
+talk of bringing the Don Juan Captain James to a court-martial for
+"conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman." But Lola, as was her
+custom, took it philosophically, doubtless reflecting that she was
+well rid of a spouse for whom she no longer cared, and went back to
+her mother in Calcutta.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Craigie's maternal heart-strings should have been wrung by the
+unhappy position of her daughter. They were not wrung. The clandestine
+marriage, with the upsetting of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span> her own plans, still rankled and
+remained unforgiven and unforgotten. As a result, when she asked for
+shelter and sympathy, Lola received a very frigid welcome. Her
+step-father, however, took her part, and declared that his bungalow
+was open to her until other arrangements could be made for her future.
+Not being possessed of much imagination, his idea was that she should
+leave India temporarily and stop for a few months in Scotland with his
+brother, Mr. David Craigie, a man of substance and Provost of Perth.
+After an interval for reflection there, he felt that the differences
+of opinion that had arisen between her husband and herself would
+become adjusted, and the young couple resume marital relations.
+Accordingly, he wrote to his brother, asking him to meet her when she
+arrived in London and escort her to Perth.</p>
+
+<p>Lola, however, while professing complete agreement, had other views as
+to her future. She wanted neither a reconciliation with her husband
+nor a second experience of life with the Craigie family in Scotland.
+One such had been more than sufficient, but she was careful not to
+breathe a word on the subject. She kept her own counsel, and matured
+her own plans.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_III" id="CHAPTER_III"></a>CHAPTER III</h2>
+
+<h3>THE CONSISTORY COURT</h3>
+
+
+<h3>I</h3>
+<div class="figleft"><img class="img1" src="images/image_27.jpg" alt="S" width="36" height="50" /></div>
+<p>
+ailing from Calcutta for London in an East Indiaman, at the end of
+1840, Lola was consigned by her step-father to the "special care" of a
+Mrs. Sturgis who was among the passengers. He obviously felt the
+parting. "Big salt tears," says Lola, "coursed down his cheeks," when
+he wished her a last farewell. He also gave her his blessing; and,
+what was more negotiable, a cheque for &pound;1000. The two never met again.</p>
+
+<p>But although she had left India's coral strand, a memory of her
+lingered there for many years. In this connection, Sir Walter Lawrence
+says that he once found himself in a cantonment that had been deserted
+so long that it was swallowed up by the ever advancing jungle. "A
+wizened villager," he says, "recalled a high-spirited and beautiful
+girl, the young wife of an officer, who would creep up and push him
+into the water. 'Ah,' he said, with a smile of affection, 'she was a
+<i>badmash</i>, but she was always very kind to me.' She was better known
+afterwards as Lola Montez."</p>
+
+<p>At Madras a number of fresh comers joined the good ship <i>Larkins</i> in
+which Lola was proceeding to England. Among them was a certain Captain
+Lennox, aide-de-camp to Lord Elphinstone, the Governor. An agreeable
+young man, and very different from the missionaries and civil servants
+who formed the bulk of the other male passengers. Lola and himself
+were soon on good terms. "Too good," was the acid comment of the
+ladies in whose society Captain Lennox<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span> exhibited no interest. The
+couple were inseparable. They sat at the same table in the saloon;
+they paced the deck together, arm in arm, on the long hot nights,
+preferring dark and unfrequented corners; their chairs adjoined; their
+cabins adjoined; and, so the shocked whisper ran, they sometimes
+mistook the one for the other.</p>
+
+<p>"Anybody can make a mistake in the dark," said Lola, when Mrs.
+Sturgis, remembering Captain Craigie's injunctions, and resolved at
+all costs to fulfil her trust, ventured on a remonstrance.</p>
+
+<p>Ninety years ago, travellers had to "rough it;" and the conditions
+governing a voyage from India to England were very different from
+those that now obtain. None of the modern amenities had any place in
+the accepted routine. Thus, no deck sports; no jazz band; no
+swimming-pool; no cocktail bar; not even a sweepstake on the day's
+run.</p>
+
+<p>But time had to be killed; and, as a young grass widow, Mrs. James
+felt that flirting was the best way of getting through it. Captain
+Lennox was the only man on board ship with whom she had anything in
+common. He was sympathetic, good-looking, and attentive. Also, he
+swore that he was "madly in love with her." The old, old story; but it
+did its work. Before the vessel berthed in London docks, Lola had come
+to a decision. A momentous decision. She would give David Craigie the
+slip, and, listening to his blandishments, cast in her lot with George
+Lennox.</p>
+
+<p>"I'll look after you," he said reassuringly. "Trust me for that, my
+dear."</p>
+
+<p>Lola did trust him. In fact, she trusted him to such an extent that,
+on reaching London, she stopped with him at the Imperial Hotel in
+Covent Garden; and then, when the manageress of that establishment
+took upon herself to make pointed criticisms, at his rooms in Pall
+Mall.</p>
+
+<p>Naturally enough, this sort of thing could not be hushed up for long.
+Meaning nods and winks greeted the dashing Lennox when he appeared at
+his club. Tongues wagged briskly. Some<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span> of them even wagged in distant
+Calcutta, where they were heard by Lola's husband. Ignoring his own
+amorous dalliance with a brother officer's spouse, he elected to feel
+injured. Resolved to assert himself, he got into touch with his London
+solicitors and instructed them to take the preliminary steps to
+dissolve his marriage. The first of these was to bring an action for
+what was then politely dubbed "crim. con." against the man he alleged
+to have "wronged" him.</p>
+
+<p>The lawyers would not be hurried; and things moved in leisurely
+fashion. Still, they moved to their appointed end; and, the necessary
+red tape being unwound, interrogatories administered, and the evidence
+of prying chambermaids and hotel servants collected and examined, in
+May, 1841, the case of James v. Lennox got into the list and was heard
+by Lord Denman and a special jury in the Court of Queen's Bench. Sir
+William Follett, the Solicitor-General, was briefed on behalf of the
+plaintiff, and Frederick Thesiger appeared for Captain Lennox.</p>
+
+<p>In his opening address, Sir William Follett (who had not been too well
+instructed) told the jury that the petitioner and his wife "had lived
+very happily together in India, and that the return of Mrs. James to
+England was due to a fall from her horse at Calcutta." While on the
+passage home, he continued, pulling out his <i>vox humana</i> stop, the
+ship touched at Madras, where the defendant came on board; and,
+"during the long voyage, an intimacy sprang up between Mrs. James and
+himself which developed in a fashion that left the outraged husband no
+choice but to institute the present proceedings to recover damages for
+having been wantonly robbed of the affection and society of his
+consort."</p>
+
+<p>At this point, counsel for Captain Lennox (who, in pusillanimous
+fashion, had loved and sailed away, rather than stop and help the
+woman he had compromised) cut short his learned friend's tearful
+eloquence by admitting that he was prepared to accept a verdict, with
+&pound;1000 damages. As the judge agreed, the case was abruptly terminated.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>This, however, was only the first round. In December of the following
+year, the next step was adopted, and a suit for divorce was commenced
+in the Consistory Court. As neither Mrs. James nor the Lothario-like
+Captain Lennox put in an appearance, Dr. Lushington, declaring himself
+satisfied that misconduct had been committed, pronounced a decree <i>a
+mensa et thoro</i>. All that this amounted to was merely a judicial
+separation.</p>
+
+<p>The report in <i>The Times</i> only ran to a dozen lines. Considering that
+the paper cost fivepence a copy, this was not a very liberal
+allowance. Still, readers had better value in respect of another
+action in "high life" that was heard the same day, that of Lord and
+Lady Graves, which had a full column allotted it.</p>
+
+
+<h3>II</h3>
+
+<p>This was all that the public knew of the case. It did not seem much on
+which to blast a young wife's reputation. Dr. Lushington, the judge of
+the Consistory Court, however, knew a good deal more about the
+business than did the general public. This was because, during the
+preliminary hearing, held some months earlier and attended only by
+counsel and solicitors, a number of damaging facts had transpired.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. James, said learned counsel for the petitioner, had "been guilty
+of behaviour at which a crocodile would tremble and blush." A serious
+charge to bring against a young woman. Still, in answer to the judge,
+he professed himself equipped with ample evidence to support it. His
+first witness was a retired civil servant, a Mr. Browne Roberts, who
+had known the respondent's husband, first, as a bachelor in India, and
+afterwards as a married man in Dublin. At the beginning of 1841, he
+had received a call, he said, from a Major McMullen to whom Captain
+Craigie had written, asking him to take charge of his step-daughter on
+her arrival in London and see her off to his relatives in Scotland.
+When, however, the major offered this hospitality, it was refused.
+Thereupon, Mr.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span> Roberts had himself called at the Imperial Hotel,
+Covent Garden, and suggested that she should come and stop with his
+wife; and this invitation was also refused.</p>
+
+<p>Not much in this perhaps, but a good deal in what followed. Mrs.
+Elizabeth Walters, the manageress of the Imperial Hotel, said that on
+February 21, 1841, "a lady and gentleman arrived in a hackney cab,
+with luggage marked G. Lennox and Mrs. James, and booked a double
+room." Mrs. Walters had not, she admitted, "actually discovered them
+undressed, or sharing the bed," but "she would not have been surprised
+to have done so." Accordingly, when her travelling companion left the
+next morning, she taxed Mrs. James with misconduct. After telling her
+to "mind her own business," Mrs. James had declared that she and
+Captain Lennox were on the point of being married, and had then packed
+up and left the establishment.</p>
+
+<p>"What exactly did she say?" enquired the judge.</p>
+
+<p>"She said, 'what I choose to do is my own affair and nobody else's.'"</p>
+
+<p>On leaving the somewhat arid hospitality of the Covent Garden Hotel,
+Mrs. James had removed to a lodging-house just off Pall Mall, where
+she stopped for a month. Mrs. Martin, the proprietress, told the court
+that, during this period, Captain Lennox settled the bill, and "called
+there every day, often stopping till all hours of the night."</p>
+
+<p>The testimony of Mrs. Sarah Watson, the sister of Captain James, was
+that her brother had written to her in the autumn of 1840, saying that
+his wife had been thrown from her horse and was coming to England for
+medical treatment; and that he had written to his aunt, Mrs. Rae, of
+Edinburgh, suggesting that his wife should stop with her. Mrs. Watson,
+having "been told things," then called on Mrs. James in Covent Garden.
+"I spoke to her," she said, "of the shocking rumour that Captain
+Lennox had passed a night with her there, and pointed out the
+unutterable ruin that would result from a continuance of such
+deplorable conduct. I begged her to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span> entrust herself to the care of
+Mrs. Rae. My entreaties were ineffectual. She positively declared,
+affirming with an oath, that she would do nothing of the kind."</p>
+
+<p>Among the passengers on board the East Indiaman by which Mrs. James
+had voyaged to England was Mrs. Ingram, the captain's wife. "The
+conduct of Mrs. James," she said, "was unguarded in the extreme, and
+her general behaviour was what is sometimes called flirting." Captain
+Ingram, who followed, had a still more disturbing story to recount.
+"On several occasions," he said, "I heard Mrs. James address the
+gentleman who joined us at Madras as 'Dear Lennox,' and she would even
+admit him to the privacy of her cabin while the other passengers were
+attending divine service on deck. When I spoke to her about it, she
+answered me in a very cool fashion."</p>
+
+<p>All this was distinctly damaging. The real sensation, however, was
+provided by Caroline Marden, a stewardess.</p>
+
+<p>"During the voyage from Madras," she told the astonished judge, "I
+more than once saw Captain Lennox lacing up Mrs. James's stays."</p>
+
+<p>"Did you see anything else?" faltered counsel.</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, I also saw her actually putting on her stockings while Captain
+Lennox was in her cabin!"</p>
+
+<p>There were limits to intimacies between the sexes. This was clearly
+among them. For a man to assist in adjusting a woman's stays, and
+watch her changing her stockings, could, in the opinion of the learned
+and experienced Dr. Lushington, only lead to one result. The worst
+result. Hence, he had no difficulty in pronouncing the decree for
+which the husband was applying.</p>
+
+
+<h3>III</h3>
+
+<p>All James had got for his activities in bringing his action was a
+divorce <i>a mensa et thoro</i>, that is, "from bed and board." But, while
+it was all he got, this measure of relief was probably all he wanted,
+as he was not contemplating a second experiment in matrimony, either
+with Mrs. Lomer or anybody else. Where<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span> his discarded wife was
+concerned, she would have to shift for herself. She no longer had any
+legal claim upon him; nor could she marry again during his lifetime.
+Her position was a somewhat pathetic one. Thus, she was alone and
+friendless; besmirched in reputation; abandoned by her husband; and
+deserted by her lover. But she still had her youth and her courage.</p>
+
+<p>The London of the 1840's, where Lola found herself cast adrift, was a
+curious microcosm and full of contrasts. A mixture of unabashed
+blackguardism and cloistered prudery; of double-beds and primness; of
+humbug and frankness; of liberty and restraint; of lust and license;
+of brutal horse-play passing for "wit," and of candour marching with
+cant. The working classes scarcely called their souls their own; women
+and children mercilessly exploited by smug profiteers; the "Song of
+the Shirt"; Gradgrind and Boanerges holding high festival; Tom and
+Jerry (on their last legs) and Corinthians wrenching off door knockers
+and upsetting policemen; and Exeter Hall and the Cider Cellars both in
+full swing. Altogether, an ill place of sojourn for an unprotected
+young woman.</p>
+
+<p>Exactly how this one supported herself during the next few months is
+not very clear, for, if she kept a diary, she never published it.
+According, however, to a Sunday organ, "she entangled the virtuous
+Earl of Malmesbury in a delicate kind of newspaper correspondence, an
+assertion having been made in public that she visited that pious
+nobleman at his own house." An odd story (of American origin, and
+quite unfounded) has it that, about this period, she established
+contact with a certain Jean Fran&ccedil;ois Montez, "an individual of immense
+wealth who lavished a fortune on her"; and Edward Blanchard, a hack
+dramatist of Drury Lane, contributes the somewhat unhelpful remark,
+"She became a Bohemian." Perhaps she did. But she had to discover a
+second career that would bring a little more grist to the mill. Such a
+course was imperative, since the balance of the &pound;1000 <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span>her
+step-father had given her would not last indefinitely. Looking round,
+she felt that, all things considered, the stage offered the best
+prospects of earning a livelihood. Not a very novel decision.
+Nowadays, as an attractive young woman, with a little capital in her
+possession, she would have had more choice. Thus, she might have
+opened a hat shop, or run tea-rooms, or bred pet dogs, become a
+mannequin, or a dance club hostess, or even "gone on the films." But
+none of these avenues to feminine employment existed in the
+eighteen-forties. Hence, it was the footlights or nothing.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a name="pic_04" id="pic_04"></a>
+<img src="images/image_05.jpg" width="500" height="711" alt="Lola Montez, &quot;Spanish Dancer.&quot; D&eacute;but at Her Majesty&#39;s
+Theatre"  />
+<span class="caption">Lola Montez, &quot;Spanish Dancer.&quot; D&eacute;but at Her Majesty&#39;s
+Theatre</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>She had the sense to put herself in the hands of an instructress. The
+one she selected was Fanny Kelly ("the only woman to whom Charles Lamb
+had screwed up sufficient courage to propose marriage"), who conducted
+a school of acting. Being honest, as well as capable, Miss Kelly took
+the measure of the would-be Ophelia very promptly.</p>
+
+<p>"You'll never make an actress," was her decision. "You've no talent
+for it."</p>
+
+<p>But, if the applicant had no talent, the other saw that she had
+something else. This was a pair of shapely legs, which, as a
+ballet-dancer, could yet twinkle in front of the footlights.</p>
+
+<p>This opinion being shared by its recipient, she lost no time in
+adopting it. As a preliminary, she went to Madrid. There, under expert
+tuition, she learned to rattle the castanets, and practised the bolero
+and the cachucha, as well as the classic arabesques and entrechats and
+the technique accompanying them. But she did not advance much beyond
+the simplest steps, for the time at her disposal was short, and the
+art of the ballerina is not to be acquired without years of unceasing
+study.</p>
+
+<p>According to a French journalist, an "English Milord" made Lola's
+acquaintance in Madrid. This was Lord Malmesbury, "who was so dazzled
+by the purity of her Spanish accent that he adopted her as a
+<i>compagnon de voyage</i>, and shared with her the horrors of bad cooking
+and the joys of nights in Granada." This fact, however, if it be a
+fact,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span> is not to be found in the volume of "memoirs" that he
+afterwards published.</p>
+
+<p>Still, it seems that Lord Malmesbury did meet Lola. His own account of
+the incident is that, on returning to England from abroad, in the
+spring of the year 1843, he was asked by the Spanish Consul at
+Southampton to escort to London a young woman who had just landed
+there. He found her, he says, "a remarkably handsome person, who was
+in deep mourning and who appeared to be in great distress." While they
+were alone in the railway carriage, he improved the occasion and
+extracted from his travelling companion the story of her life.</p>
+
+<p>"She informed me," he says, "in bad English that she was the widow of
+Don Diego Leon, who had lately been shot by the Carlists after he was
+taken prisoner, and that she was going to London to sell some Spanish
+property that she possessed, and give lessons in singing, as she was
+very poor."</p>
+
+<p>Notwithstanding his diplomatic training, Lord Malmesbury swallowed
+this story, as well as much else with which it was embroidered. One
+thing led to another; and the acquaintance thus fortuitously begun in
+a railway carriage was continued in London. There he got up a concert
+for her benefit at his town house, where, in addition to singing
+Castilian ballads, his prot&eacute;g&eacute;e sold veils and fans among the
+audience; and he also gave her an introduction to a theatrical
+manager, with results that neither of them had foreseen.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_IV" id="CHAPTER_IV"></a>CHAPTER IV</h2>
+
+<h3>FLARE OF THE FOOTLIGHTS</h3>
+
+
+<h3>I</h3>
+<div class="figleft"><img class="img1" src="images/image_28.jpg" alt="T" width="55" height="50" /></div>
+<p>imes change. When Lola returned to London a passage through the
+divorce court was not regarded as a necessary qualification for stage
+aspirants. Also, being well aware that, to ensure a good reception, a
+foreign-sounding name was desirable, this one decided to adopt that of
+Lola Montez. This, she felt, would, among other advantages,
+effectively mask her identity with that of Mrs. Thomas James, an
+identity she was anxious to shed.</p>
+
+<p>Her plans were soon made. On the morning after her arrival, she
+presented her letter of introduction to the impressario of Her
+Majesty's Theatre, in the Haymarket. This position was held by an
+affable Hebrew, one Benjamin Lumley, an ex-solicitor, who had
+abandoned his parchments and bills of costs and acquired a lease of
+Her Majesty's. The house had long been looked upon as something of a
+white elephant in the theatrical jungle; but Lumley, being pushful and
+knowledgeable, soon built up a valuable following and set the
+establishment on its legs.</p>
+
+<p>As luck would have it, Lola's interview with him came at just the
+right moment, for he was alternating ballet with opera and was in want
+of a fresh attraction. Convinced that he recognised it in his caller
+(or, perhaps, anxious to please Lord Malmesbury), he offered her an
+engagement there and then to dance a <i>pas seul</i> between the acts of
+<i>Il Barbiere di Seviglia</i>.</p>
+
+<p>"If you make a hit," he said, "you shall have a contract for the rest
+of the season. It all depends on yourself."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Lola, wanting nothing better, left the managerial office, treading on
+air.</p>
+
+<p>As was his custom, Lumley cultivated the critics, and would receive
+them in his sanctum whenever he had a novel attraction to submit.</p>
+
+<p>"I have a surprise for you in my next programme," he said, when the
+champagne and cigars had been discussed. "This is that I have secured
+Donna Lola, a Spanish dancer, direct from Seville. She is, I assure
+you, deliciously beautiful and remarkably accomplished. I pledge you
+my word, gentlemen, she will create a positive <i>furore</i> here."</p>
+
+<p>In 1843 dramatic critics had the privilege of attending rehearsals and
+penetrating behind the scenes. One of their number, adopting the
+pseudonym "Q," has left an account of the manner in which he first met
+Lola Montez. He had called on Lumley for a gossip, and was invited by
+that authority to descend to the stage and watch his new acquisition
+practising a dance there.</p>
+
+<p>"At that period," he says, "her figure was even more attractive than
+her face, lovely as the latter was. Lithe and graceful as a young
+fawn, every movement she made was instinct with melody. Her dark eyes
+were blazing and flashing with excitement, for she felt that I was
+willing to admire her.... As she swept round the stage, her slender
+waist swayed to the music, and her graceful head and neck bent with it
+like a flower that bends with the impulse given to its stem by the
+fitful temper of the wind."</p>
+
+<p>Lumley was tactful enough to leave the pressman alone with the star.
+As the latter promised to "give her a good puff in his paper," Lola,
+who never missed an opportunity, made herself specially agreeable to
+him. Her bright eyes did their work. "When we separated," says "Q" in
+his reminiscences, "I found myself tumbled heels over head into the
+profound depths of that which the French call a <i>grande passion</i>."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Lumley's next step was to draw up an announcement of the promised
+novelty for inclusion in the programme:</p>
+<div class="figcenter"><img class="img1" src="images/poster_06.jpg" alt="Poster" width="500" height="196" /></div>
+
+<p class="center">HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE</p>
+
+<p class="center">June 3, 1843</p>
+
+<p class="center">SPECIAL ATTRACTION!</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">Mr. Benjamin Lumley begs to announce that, between the acts
+of the Opera, <span class="smcap">Donna Lola Montez</span>, of the Teatro Real,
+Seville, will have the honour to make her first appearance
+in England in the Original Spanish dance El Oleano.</p>
+
+
+<p>After the cast list had been set out the rest of the reading matter on
+the programme was given up to advertisements. Some of them would
+appear to have been selected rather at haphazard. At any rate, their
+special appeal to music lovers was a little difficult to follow. Thus,
+one was of "Jackson's patent enema machines, as patronised by the
+nobility (either sex) when travelling"; another of "Mrs. Rodd's
+anatomical ladies' stays (which ensure the wearer a figure of
+astonishing symmetry";) and another of a "Brilliant burlesque ballad,
+'Get along, Rosey,' sung with the most positive triumph every evening
+by Madame Vestris."</p>
+
+<p>With much satisfaction, Manager Lumley, taking a preliminary peep at
+the crowded house, saw that a particularly "smart" audience was
+assembled on the night of June 3. The list of "fashionables" he handed
+to the reporters resembled an extract from the pages of Messrs. Burke
+and Debrett. Thus, the Royal Box was graced by the Queen Dowager, with
+the King of Hanover and Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar for her guests;
+and, dotted about the pit tier (then the fashionable part of the
+house) were the Duke and Duchess of Wellington, the Marquess and
+Marchioness of Granby, Lord and Lady Brougham, and the Baroness de
+Rothschild, with the Belgian Minister, Count Esterhazy, and Baron
+Talleyrand. Even the occupants of the pit had to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span> accept an official
+intimation that "only black trousers will be allowed." Her Majesty's
+had a standard, and Lumley insisted on its observance.</p>
+
+<p>That long familiar feature, "Fops' Alley," having disappeared from the
+auditorium, the modish thing for unattached men was to make up a party
+and hire an omnibus-box; and from that position to pronounce judgment
+upon the legs of the dancers pirouetting in wispy gauze on the stage.
+Then, when the curtain fell, they would be privileged to go behind the
+scenes and chat with the coryph&eacute;es.</p>
+
+<p>On the evening of Lola's d&eacute;but one of the omnibus-boxes was occupied
+by Lord Ranelagh, a raffish mid-Victorian rou&eacute;, who had brought with
+him a select party of "Corinthians" in frilled shirts and flowered
+waistcoats. It was observed that he paid but languid attention to the
+opera. As soon, however, as the promised novelty, <i>El Oleano</i>, was
+reached, he exhibited a sudden interest and pushed his chair forward.</p>
+
+<p>"We shall see some fun in a moment," he whispered. "Mind you fellows
+keep quiet until I give the word."</p>
+
+
+<h3>II</h3>
+
+<p>A little ominous, perhaps, that the Haymarket entrepreneur should bear
+the same name as the Calcutta judge who had unsuccessfully sought her
+hand. But Lola experienced no qualms. As she stood at the wings, in a
+black satin bodice and much flounced pink silk skirt, waiting for her
+cue, Lumley passed her with a nod of encouragement.</p>
+
+<p>"Capital," he said, rubbing his whiskers. "Most attractive. You'll be
+a big success, my dear."</p>
+
+<p>As he moved off, a bell tinkled in the prompt corner. In response, the
+conductor lifted his baton; the heavy curtains were drawn aside; and,
+under a cross-fire of opera glasses, Lola bounded on to the stage and
+executed her initial piroutte. There was a sudden hush, as, at the
+finish of the number, she stepped up to the footlights and awaited the
+verdict. Had she made good, or not? In a moment, however, she knew
+that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span> all was well, for a storm of applause and clapping of hands
+filled the air. Lumley, from his place in the wings, beamed approval.
+His enterprise was to be rewarded. The d&eacute;butante was a success. No
+doubt about it. She should have a contract from him before any other
+manager should step in and snap her up.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>We do not believe (scribbled a critic, hurriedly jotting
+down his impressions, to be expanded when he got back to his
+office) that Donna Lola smiled once throughout her
+performance. As she withdrew, numbers of bouquets fell on to
+the stage. But the proud one of Seville did not deign to
+return to pick them up, and one of the gentlemen in livery
+was deputed for that purpose. When, however, her measure was
+encored, she stepped down from her pinnacle and actually
+condescended to accept an additional bouquet that had been
+tossed by a fair one from a box.</p>
+
+<p>Her Majesty's Theatre (added a colleague) may now be said to
+be in its full zenith of grandeur and perfection of beauty
+and splendour, and variety and fame of the ballet. A new
+Spanish Donna has been introduced. Although the visitation
+was unheralded by the customary flourish of trumpeting <i>on
+dits</i>, it was extremely successful. The young lady came and
+saw and conquered. Many floral offerings were shot at her as
+a compliment, and the useful M. Coulos&mdash;ever at hand in such
+an emergency&mdash;assisted very industriously in picking them
+up. As for <i>El Oleano</i>, this is a sort of cachucha; and it
+certainly gives Donna Lola Montez an opportunity of
+introducing herself to the public under a very captivating
+aspect.... A lovely picture she is to contemplate. There is
+before you the very perfection of Spanish beauty&mdash;the tall
+handsome figure, the full lustrous eye, the joyous animated
+countenance, and the dark raven tresses. You gaze upon the
+Donna with delight and admiration.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>It was just after the third item on her programme and while she stood
+before the curtain, bowing and smiling her acknowledgments, that there
+was an unexpected interruption. An ominous hiss suddenly split the
+air. The sound came from the occupants of the stage box in which Lord
+Ranelagh and his party had ensconced themselves. As at a prearranged
+signal, the occupants of the opposite box took it up and repeated it.
+The audience gasped in astonishment, and looked to Lord Ranelagh for a
+solution. He supplied one promptly. "Egad!" he exclaimed in a loud
+voice, "that's not Lola Montez at all. It's Betsy James, an Irish
+girl. Ladies and gentlemen, we're being properly swindled!"</p>
+
+<p>"Swindled" was an ugly word. The pit and gallery, feeling that they
+were in some mysterious fashion being defrauded, followed the cue thus
+given them, and a volume of hisses and cat-calls sprang from the
+throats that, a moment earlier, had bellowed vociferous cheers. The
+great Michael Costa, who was conducting, dropped his baton in
+astonishment, and, refusing to pick it up again, left his desk. There
+is a theory that it was this untoward incident that led him to
+transfer himself from the Haymarket to Covent Garden. Quite possible.
+Musicians are temperamental folk.</p>
+
+<p>It was left for Lumley to deal with the situation. He did so by
+ringing down the curtain, while Lola, in tears and fury, rushed off to
+her dressing-room.</p>
+
+
+<h3>III</h3>
+
+<p>Perhaps they left early, but none of the critics saw anything of this
+<i>d&eacute;nouement</i>. What, however, they did see they described in rapturous,
+not to say, florid terms:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>We saw, as in a dream (declared one of them), an Elssler or
+a Taglioni descend from the clouds, under the traits of a
+new dancer, whose fervent admirers lavished on her all the
+enthusiasm and applause with which the rare perfection of
+her predecessors has been rewarded.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>On Saturday last, between the acts of the opera, Donna Lola
+Montez was announced to appear on the programme at Her
+Majesty's. A thousand ardent spectators were in feverish
+anxiety to see her. Donna Lola enchanted everyone. There was
+throughout a graceful flowing of the arms&mdash;not an angle
+discernible&mdash;an indescribable softness in her attitude and
+suppleness in her limbs which, developed in a thousand
+positions (without infringing on the Opera laws), were the
+most intoxicating and womanly that can be imagined. We never
+remember seeing the <i>habitu&eacute;s</i>&mdash;both young and old&mdash;taken by
+more agreeable surprise than the bewitching lady excited.
+She was rapturously encored, and the stage strewn with
+bouquets.</p></div>
+
+<p>Lord Ranelagh and his friends must have grinned when they read this
+gush.</p>
+
+<p>"I saw Lumley immediately after the fall of the curtain," says a
+reporter who was admitted behind the scenes. "He was surrounded by the
+professors of morality from the omnibus-box, who said that Donna Lola
+was positively not to reappear. They pointed out to him that it was
+absolutely essential to have none but exemplary characters in the
+ballet; but they did not tell him where he would procure females who
+would have no objection to exhibiting their legs in pink silk
+fleshings. As Lumley could not afford to offend his patrons, he was
+compelled to accept the <i>fiat</i> of these virtuous scions of a moral and
+ultra-scrupulous aristocracy. Carlotta Grisi might have had a score of
+lovers; but, then, she had never turned up her charming little nose at
+my Lord Ranelagh."</p>
+
+<p>It was an age when the theatre had to kow-tow to the patron. Unless My
+Lord approved, Mr. Crummles had no choice but to ring down the
+curtain. As the Ranelagh faction very emphatically disapproved, Lumley
+was compelled to give the recruit her marching-orders.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Lola's <i>premi&egrave;re</i> had thus become her <i>derni&egrave;re</i>.</p>
+
+<p>By the way, a Sunday paper, writing some time afterwards, was guilty
+of a serious slip in its account of the episode, and mistook Lord
+Ranelagh for the Duke of Cambridge. "The newcomer," says this critic,
+"was recognised as Mrs. James by a Prince of the Blood and his
+companions in the omnibus-box. Her beauty could not save her from
+insult; and, to avenge themselves on Mr. Lumley, for some pique, these
+chivalrous English gentlemen of the upper classes hooted a woman from
+the stage."</p>
+
+<p>What was behind Lord Ranelagh's cowardly attack on the d&eacute;butante?
+There was a simple explanation, and not one that redounded to his
+credit in any way. It was that, during her "Bohemian" period, he had
+endeavoured to fill the empty niche left in her affections by the
+departure of that light-o'-love, Captain Lennox, and had been repulsed
+for his pains. A bad loser, my Lord nursed resentment. He would teach
+a mere ballet-dancer to snap her fingers at him. His opportunity came
+sooner than he imagined. He made the most of it.</p>
+
+<p>Fond as he was of biting, Lord Ranelagh was, some years afterwards,
+himself bitten. He took a prominent part in an unsavoury scandal that
+fluttered mid-Victorian dovecotes, when a Bond Street "beauty
+specialist," known as Madame Rachel, was clapped into prison for
+swindling a wealthy and amorous widow. This was a Mrs. Borrodaile,
+whom "Madame" had gulled by declaring that Lord Ranelagh's one desire
+was to share his coronet with her. Although the raffish peer denied
+all complicity, he did not come out of the business too well.</p>
+
+<p>"The peculiar prominence he has attained," remarked an obituarist,
+"has not always been of an enviable description. There are probably
+few men who have had so many charges of the most varied and
+disagreeable nature made against them. The resultant obloquy to which
+he had thus been exposed is great, nor has it vanished, as it properly
+should have done, with the charges themselves."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>This, however, was looking ahead. The comments of 1843 came first. "In
+the clubs that night," we read, "the bucks and bloods laughed heartily
+when they discussed the mishap of the proud beauty who had scorned the
+advances of my Lord." Lola Montez, however, did not regard it as
+anything at which to laugh. She may, as she boasted, have had a dash
+of Spanish blood in her veins, but she certainly had none of George
+Washington's, for she immediately sat down and wrote a circular letter
+to all the London papers. In this she sought to correct what she
+described as a "false impression." Swallowing it as gospel, a number
+of them printed it in full:</p>
+
+<p class="sig3"><i>To the Editor</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="sig4"><span class="smcap">Sir</span>:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Since I had the honour of dancing at Her Majesty's Theatre,
+on Saturday, the 3rd inst. (when I was received by the
+English public in so kind and flattering a manner) I have
+been cruelly annoyed by reports that I am not really the
+person I pretend to be, but that I have long been known in
+London as a woman of disreputable character. I entreat you,
+Sir, to allow me, through the medium of your respected
+journal, to assure you and the public, in the most positive
+and unqualified manner, that there is not a word of truth in
+such a statement.</p>
+
+<p>I am a native of Seville; and in the year 1833, when ten
+years old, was sent to a Catholic lady at Bath, where I
+remained seven months, and was then taken back to my parents
+in Spain. From that period, until the 14th of April, when I
+landed in England, <i>I have never set foot in this country,
+and I never saw London before in my life</i>.</p>
+
+<p>In apologising for the favour I ask you, I feel sure that
+you will kindly consider the anxiety of myself and my
+friends to remove from the public any impression to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span> my
+disadvantage. My lawyer has received instructions to proceed
+against all the parties who have calumniated me.</p>
+
+<p class="sig4">Believe me to be your obedient and humble servant,</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="sig2"><span class="smcap">Lola Montez.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig4"><i>June 13, 1843.</i></p>
+
+<p>Ballet-dancers cannot, when making their d&eacute;buts, be expected to
+remember everything; and this one had obviously forgotten her sojourn
+in India, just as she had forgotten her marriage to Thomas James (and
+the subsequent Consistory Court action), as well as her amorous
+dalliance with Captain Lennox during the previous year.</p>
+
+<p>"In spite of the encouraging reception accorded Donna Lola Montez, she
+has not danced again," remarked a critic in the <i>Examiner</i>. "What is
+the reason?"</p>
+
+<p>Lumley could have supplied the information. He did so, some years
+afterwards, in his book, <i>Reminiscences of the Opera</i>:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>It is not my intention to rake up the world-wide stories of
+this strange and fascinating woman. Perhaps it will be
+sufficient to say frankly that I was, in this instance,
+fairly "taken in." A Noble Lord (afterwards closely
+connected with the Foreign Office) had introduced the lady
+to my notice as the daughter of a celebrated <i>Spanish</i>
+Patriot and martyr, representing her merits as a dancer in
+so strong a light that her "appearance" was granted.</p>
+
+<p>... But this spurious Spanish lady had no real knowledge of
+that which she professed. The whole affair was an imposture;
+and on the very night of her first appearance the truth
+exploded. On the discovery of the truth, I declined to allow
+the English adventuress, for such she was, another
+appearance on my boards. In spite of the expostulations of
+the "friends" of the lady&mdash;in spite of the deprecatory
+letters in which she earnestly <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span>denied her English
+origin&mdash;in spite even of the desire expressed in high places
+to witness her strange performance&mdash;I remained inflexible.</p></div>
+
+<p>The "Noble Lord" thus referred to in this pompous disclaimer was Lord
+Malmesbury.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="pic_05" id="pic_05"></a>
+<img src="images/image_06.jpg" width="400" height="628" alt="Viscount Ranelagh, who organised a cabal against Lola
+Montez"  />
+<span class="caption">Viscount Ranelagh, who organised a cabal against Lola
+Montez</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<h3>IV</h3>
+
+<p>If she had a quick temper, Lola Montez had a good heart, and was
+always ready to lend a helping hand to others. In this connection
+Edward Fitzball, a hack dramatist with whom things were not going
+well, has a story of how she volunteered to assist in a benefit
+performance that was being got up to set him on his legs. It was
+difficult to secure attractions; and the beneficiare, realising that,
+as was the custom in such cases, he would have to make good any
+deficit himself, was feeling depressed.</p>
+
+<p>"This benefit," he says, "which I fully expected would prove to be a
+decided loss, annoyed me sadly. I was sauntering along Regent Street
+when I met Stretton, the popular singer, whose own benefit was just
+coming off. He said that he had secured every attraction worthy of the
+public, and that there was no hope for me, 'unless,' he added, 'you
+could secure Lola Montez.'</p>
+
+<p>"'Pray, who is that?' I said in my ignorance.</p>
+
+<p>"'Lola Montez is a lady who appeared the other night at Her Majesty's
+Theatre as a dancer, but, due to some aristocratic disturbance, has
+left in disgust. The papers were full of it. I offered her &pound;50 to
+dance for me, and met with a decided refusal. Hence, I see no hope for
+you.'"</p>
+
+<p>Fitzball, however, thinking it worth while taking a chance, hurried to
+Lola's lodgings and begged her to contribute to the programme he was
+offering. He had not expected to be successful, since he knew that she
+was smarting under a sense of injury. To his surprise and delight,
+however, she promised her services, and refused to accept any
+payment.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Overjoyed at the success of his embassy, Fitzball rushed off to the
+printers and had the hoardings plastered with bills, directing special
+attention to the novelty:</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter"><img class="img1" src="images/poster_01.jpg" alt="Poster" width="500" height="330" /></div>
+
+
+<p class="center">
+THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT GARDEN<br />
+Monday, July 10, 1843.<br />
+<br />
+COLOSSAL ATTRACTION!<br />
+(For the Benefit of Mr. Fitzball)<br />
+<br />
+EXTRAORDINARY COMBINATION OF TALENT!<br />
+</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">During the evening the celebrated <span class="smcap">Donna Lola Montez</span> (whose
+recent performance created so pronounced a sensation at Her
+Majesty's Theatre) will execute, by special request, her
+remarkable dance, "El Oleano."</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">N.B.&mdash;This will positively be the Donna's only appearance in
+London, as she departs on Thursday next for St. Petersburg.</p>
+
+<p>"The theatre," says Fitzball, in his account of the evening, "was
+crammed. Lola Montez arrived in a splendid carriage, accompanied by
+her maid. When she was dressed, she enquired if I thought her costume
+would be approved. I have seen sylphs and female forms of the most
+dazzling beauty in ballets and fairy dramas, but the most dazzling and
+perfect form I ever did gaze upon was that of Lola Montez in her white
+and gold attire studded with diamonds. Her bounding before the public
+was the signal for general applause and admiration. On the conclusion
+of her performance, there was a rapturous and universal call for her
+reappearance."</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_V" id="CHAPTER_V"></a>CHAPTER V</h2>
+
+<h3>A PASSIONATE PILGRIMAGE</h3>
+
+
+<h3>I</h3>
+
+<div class="figleft"><img class="img1" src="images/image_28.jpg" alt="T" width="55" height="50" /></div>
+
+<p>he "departure for St. Petersburg" was a stretch of Fitzball's
+imagination. Where Lola did go when she left England was not to
+Russia, but to Belgium. The visit was not a success, as none of the
+theatres in Brussels at which she applied for an engagement exhibited
+any interest in ballet-dancers, whether they came from Seville, or
+elsewhere. A spell of ill luck followed; and, if her own account of
+this period is to be trusted, she was reduced to such a pass that in
+the Belgian capital she became familiar with the inside of pawnshops
+and had to sing in the streets, to secure a lodging. But this "singing
+in the streets" business was, if a picturesque one, not an original
+touch. It is still in active use, as a stock portion of the
+autobiographical equipment of every stage and film heroine who wants
+"publicity." Further, if Lola Montez ever did anything of the kind, it
+was not for long. A "rich man"&mdash;she had a knack of establishing
+contact with them&mdash;promptly came to the rescue; and, assisted by, it
+is said, the mysterious Jean Francois Montez, who had followed her
+from London, she shook the inhospitable dust of the Brussels
+boulevards off her feet.</p>
+
+<p>It was in Berlin that, in the autumn of 1843, long delayed Fortune
+smiled on her. A novelty being wanted, she secured an engagement to
+dance at a f&ecirc;te organised by Frederick William IV in honour of his
+son-in-law, the Czar Nicholas, and a posse of Grand Dukes then
+visiting Potsdam. The autocrat of all the Russias expressed himself as
+highly pleased with the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span> newcomer's efforts. The Berliners followed
+suit. Lola was "made"; and every night for a month on end she was
+booked up to dance somewhere.</p>
+
+<p>While in the German capital, she is said to have had an encounter with
+the arm of the law. The story is that, mounted on a blood horse, she
+attended a review held in honour of the King and the Czar; and her
+steed, being somewhat mettlesome, carried her at full tilt across the
+parade ground and into the midst of the royal party assembled at the
+saluting-point.</p>
+
+<p>When an indignant policeman, bellowing <i>Verboten!</i> at the top of his
+voice, rushed up and clung to the bridle, he received for his pains a
+vigorous cut from her whip. The next morning a summons was delivered
+to the daring Amazon, ordering her to appear before a magistrate and
+answer a charge of "insulting the uniform." Thereupon, Lola, feeling
+that the general atmosphere was unfavourable, packed her trunks. She
+managed to get away just in time, as a warrant for her arrest was
+actually being made out. But if she did not leave Berlin with all the
+honours of war, it is at any rate recorded that "she left this city of
+pigs with a high head and a snapping of her fan."</p>
+
+<p>The Odyssey continued. The next place where she halted was Dresden.
+There the pilgrim swam into the orbit of Franz Liszt, who happened to
+be giving a series of recitals. Born in 1811&mdash;the "year of the
+Comet"&mdash;he was at the height of his powers when Lola Montez flashed
+across his path. During an early visit to England, as a "boy prodigy,"
+he had gathered considerable laurels. Windsor Castle had smiled upon
+him, and he had played to George IV and to Queen Victoria. The chance
+encounter with Lola was a fateful one for both of them. But, as it
+happened, the virtuoso rather welcomed the prospect of a fresh
+intrigue just then. Wearied of the romanticism of the phalanx of
+feminine admirers, who clustered about him like bees, he found this
+one, with her beauty and vivacious charm, to have a special appeal for
+him. He responded to it avidly. The two became inseparable.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>One evening, while <i>Rienzi</i> was being performed, his latest charmer
+accompanied Liszt to the Opera House, and, during an interval, joined
+him in the dressing-room of Josef Tichatschek, the tenor. Hearing that
+he was there, Wagner was coming to speak to him, "when he saw that his
+companion was a painted and bejewelled woman with insolent eyes."
+Thereupon, if his biographer is to be trusted, "the composer turned
+and fled." Lola had routed "Rienzi."</p>
+
+<p>Musicians will be musicians; and Liszt was no exception. With his love
+affairs and his long catalogue of "conquests" in half the capitals of
+Europe, he was generally regarded as a Don Juan of the keyboard. It is
+said by James Huneker that, on leaving Dresden, Lola joined him in
+Constantinople. In her memoirs she says nothing about wandering along
+the shores of the Bosphorus in his company. Still, she says a good
+deal about Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, by whom, she
+declares, she was given a letter to the Chief Eunuch, admitting her to
+the Sultan's harem. But this, like many of her other statements, must
+be taken with a generous pinch of salt.</p>
+
+<p>During that memorable summer Liszt was specially invited to Bonn, to
+unveil the Beethoven monument that had been erected there. The
+ceremony attracted a distinguished gathering, and was witnessed by the
+King and Queen of Russia, together with Queen Victoria and Prince
+Albert. It was also witnessed by Lola Montez, who accompanied Liszt.
+She was promptly recognised by Ignatz Moscheles; and, when they
+discovered her presence, the reception committee were so upset that
+they had her barred from the hotel in which rooms had been engaged for
+the guest of honour. But it took more than this to keep her in the
+background. While the speeches were in full swing, she forced her way
+into the banquet-hall, and won over the prudish burghers by jumping on
+the table and dancing to them.</p>
+
+<p>The Prince Consort was shocked at the "liberty." Frederick<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span> William,
+however, being more broad-minded, cracked a Teutonic jest.</p>
+
+<p>"Lola is a Lorelei!" he declared, with an appreciative grin, when the
+episode was reported to him. "What will she be up to next?"</p>
+
+<p>An inevitable result of Liszt's dalliance with his new Calypso in the
+various capitals that they visited together during the months that
+followed was to shatter the relations that had existed for years
+between himself and Madame d'Agoult. The virtuoso emerged from the
+business badly, for the woman he had discarded in summary fashion for
+a younger and more attractive one had sacrificed her name and her
+reputation for his sake, and had also presented him with three pledges
+of mutual affection. Infuriated at his callousness, she afterwards, as
+"Daniel Stern," relieved her outraged feelings in a novel ("written to
+calm her agitated soul"), <i>N&eacute;lida</i>, where Liszt, under a transparent
+disguise, figured as "Guermann Regnier."</p>
+
+<p>But the pace was too hot to last. Still, it was Liszt, and not Lola,
+who cooled first. "With Lola, as with others, known and unknown, it
+was," observes William Wallace, "<i>Da capo al Segno</i>." The story of the
+final rupture between them, as given by Guy de Pourtales, has in it
+something of the element of farce:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Liszt allowed her to make love to him, and amused himself
+with this dangerous sweetheart. But without any conviction,
+without any real curiosity. She annoyed, she irritated him
+during his hours of work. Before long he planned to escape,
+and, having arranged everything with the hotel porter, he
+departed without leaving any address, but not without having
+first locked this most wearisome of inamoratas up in her
+room. For twelve hours Lola raised a fearful uproar,
+breaking whatever she could lay her hands on.</p></div>
+
+<p>Liszt, however, scenting this possibility, had settled the bill in
+advance.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>But the incident does not redound to his credit, for the spectacle of
+a distinguished artist bribing a lackey to smuggle him out of an hotel
+and imprison in her bedroom the woman with whom he had been living, is
+a sorry one.</p>
+
+
+<h3>II</h3>
+
+<p>Having had enough of Germany for the time being, Lola decided to see
+what France had to offer. "The only place for a woman of spirit," she
+once said, "is Paris." Accordingly she betook herself there. As soon
+as she arrived, she secured lodgings in a modest hotel near the Palais
+Royal; and, well aware of her limitations, took some dancing lessons
+from a ballet-master in the rue Lepelletier. When she had taken what
+she considered enough, she called on L&eacute;on Pillet, the director of the
+<i>Acad&eacute;mie</i>.</p>
+
+<p>"You have, of course, already heard of my immense success in London,"
+she announced with an assured air.</p>
+
+<p>M. Pillet had not heard of it. But this did not matter. As had been
+the case with Lumley before him, Lola's ravishing smile inflamed his
+susceptible heart; and he promptly engaged her to dance in the ballet
+that was to follow Hal&eacute;vy's <i>Il Lazzarone</i>, then in active rehearsal.</p>
+
+<p>Lola's d&eacute;but as a <i>premi&egrave;re danseuse</i> was made on March 30, 1844. It
+was not a successful one. Far from it. The fact was, the Parisians,
+accustomed to the dreamy and sylph-like pirouettings of Cerito and
+Elssler and Taglioni, and their own Ad&egrave;le Dumil&acirc;tre, could not
+appreciate the vigorous <i>cachuchas</i> and <i>boleros</i> now offered them.
+When they voiced their disapproval, Lola lost the one thing she could
+never keep&mdash;her temper. She made a <i>moue</i> at the audience; and, if de
+Mirecourt is to be trusted, pulled off her garters (a second authority
+says a more intimate item of attire) and flung them with a gesture of
+contempt among the jeering crowd in the first row of stalls.</p>
+
+<p>As may be imagined, the Press was unsympathetic towards this
+"demonstration."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"We will avoid damaging with our strictures," remarked <i>Le
+Constitutionnel</i> in its next issue, "a pretty young woman who, before
+making her d&eacute;but, has obviously not had time to study our
+preferences."</p>
+
+<p>A much more devastating criticism was published in <i>Le Journal des
+D&eacute;bats</i> by Jules Janin. He went out of his way, indeed, to be
+positively offensive. Nor did Th&eacute;ophile Gautier, who in his famous
+waistcoat of crimson velvet was present on this eventful evening,
+think very much of the would-be ballerina's efforts to win Paris.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Beyond, he wrote, a pair of magnificent dark eyes,
+Mademoiselle Lola Montez has nothing suggestively Andalusian
+in her appearance. She talks poor Spanish, scarcely any
+French, and only tolerable English. The question is, to what
+country does she really belong? We can affirm that she has
+small feet and shapely legs. The extent, however, to which
+these gifts serve her is quite another story.</p>
+
+<p>It must be admitted that the public's curiosity aroused by
+her altercations with the police of the North and her
+whip-cracking exploits among the Prussian gendarmes has not
+been satisfied. We imagine that Mademoiselle Lola would do
+better on horseback than on the stage.</p></div>
+
+<p>An odd account, headed: "Singular D&eacute;but of Lola Montez in Paris," was
+sent to New York by an American journalist:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"When, a few days ago, it was announced that two foreign
+dancers, Mlle Cerito and Mlle Lola Montez, had just entered
+the walls of Paris, the triumphs achieved by the Italian
+ballerina could not eclipse the horse-whipping exploits of
+Mlle Lola. 'Let us have Lola Montez!' exclaimed the stalls
+and pit. 'We want to see if her foot is as light as her
+hand!' Never did they witness a more astounding <i>entr&eacute;e</i>.
+After her first leap, she stopped short on the tips of her
+toes, and, by a movement of prodigious rapidity, detached
+one of her garters<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span> from a lissome limb adjacent to her
+quivering thigh (innocent of <i>lingerie</i>) and flung it to the
+occupants of the front row of the orchestra....
+Notwithstanding the effect produced by this piquant
+eccentricity, Mile Lola has not met with the reception she
+anticipated; and it has been deemed proper by the management
+to dispense with her reappearance."</p></div>
+
+<p>But to give Lola her <i>cong&eacute;</i> by word of mouth was a task which M.
+Pillet did not care to undertake. "So much was the haughty Amazon's
+riding-whip dreaded that a letter of dismissal was prudently
+delivered. As a result, bloodshed was avoided; and Mlle Lola has
+solaced herself with the reflection that she has been the victim of
+the Machiavellian cabal of Russia, still angry at her routing of
+Muscovite gendarmes in Warsaw."</p>
+
+<p>With reference to the Warsaw episode, the slipshod de Mirecourt says
+that she was dancing there in 1839. At that date, however, she was no
+nearer Warsaw than Calcutta. None the less, she did go there, but it
+was not until she had left Paris after her failure at the Acad&eacute;mie
+Royale. According to herself, the Czar Nicholas, who remembered her in
+Berlin, invited her to visit St. Petersburg, and, having a month to
+spare, she accepted a preliminary engagement in the Polish capital.</p>
+
+<p>This began well enough, for, if her terpsichorean abilities still left
+something to be desired, the Warsaw critics, ever susceptible to
+feminine charms, went into positive raptures about her personal
+attractions. One of them, indeed, became almost lyrical on the
+subject:</p>
+
+<p>"Her soft silken hair," was this authority's opinion, "falls in
+luxuriant wealth down her back, its glistening hue rivalling that of
+the raven's wing; on a slender and delicate neck&mdash;the whiteness of
+which eclipses swansdown&mdash;is poised a lovely face.... Where the
+proportions are concerned, Lola's little feet are somewhere between
+those of a Chinese maiden and those of the daintiest Parisienne
+imaginable. As for her bewitching calves, they suggest the steps of a
+Jacob's ladder<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span> transporting one up to heaven; and her ravishing
+figure resembles the Venus of Cnidus, that immortal masterpiece
+sculptured by the chisel of Praxiteles in the 104th Olympiad. As for
+her eyes, her very soul is enshrined in their blue depths."</p>
+
+<p>There was a lot more&mdash;several columns more&mdash;in a similar strain.</p>
+
+<p>As was to be expected, such a tribute attracted the attention of
+Prince Ivan Paskievich, the Viceroy of Poland. He had a weakness for
+pretty women; and, after the long succession of lumpy and heavy-footed
+ballerinas occupying the Warsaw stage, this new arrival sounded
+promising. When a trusted emissary reported that the critics "had not
+said half what they might," he resolved to make her acquaintance. His
+first step was to send her, through Madam Steinkeller, the wife of a
+banker, an invitation to have supper with him at his private house.</p>
+
+<p>Lola, flattered by the invitation, and less clear-headed than usual,
+was sufficiently trusting to accept. She soon, however, discovered
+that his Excellency's intentions were strictly dishonourable, for he
+made her, she afterwards said, "a most indelicate proposition." Her
+response was to laugh in his face, and to tell him that "she had no
+wish to become his toy." Thereupon, Paskievich, furious at such a
+repulse (and unaccustomed to being thwarted by anyone, must less by a
+ballet-dancer), dismissed her with threats of reprisals. The first of
+these took the form of a visit from Colonel Abrahamowicz, the official
+charged with "preserving morality in the Warsaw theatres." He
+apparently interpreted his responsible functions in a fashion that
+left something to be desired, for Lola complained that "his conduct
+was so free that I took serious exception to it."</p>
+
+<p>Paskievich then dealt his next card. This was to instruct his
+understrapper to fill the theatre with a rabble and have her hissed
+off the stage. Lola, however, was equal to the occasion. Advancing to
+the footlights, before the terror-stricken manager could stop her, she
+pointed to Colonel<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span> Abrahamowicz, sitting in a box, and exclaimed:
+"Ladies and gentlemen, there is the dastard who attempts to revenge
+himself on a pure woman who has scorned his infamous suggestions! I
+ask your protection!"</p>
+
+<p>Accompanied by M. Lesniowski, the editor of the <i>Warsaw Gazette</i>, she
+returned to her lodgings, wondering what would happen next. She was
+soon to discover, for the angry Colonel and a squad of police arrived
+with a warrant for her arrest as an "undesirable." When, however, they
+announced their purpose, she flourished a pistol in their faces and
+declared that she would put a bullet through the first of them who
+came near her. Realising that she meant what she said, and not anxious
+to qualify for cheap martyrdom, Colonel Abrahamowicz was tactician
+enough to withdraw. In the meantime, the public, learning what had
+happened, sided with Lola and raised lusty shouts of "Down with the
+Viceroy! Long live the Montez!"</p>
+
+<p>Paskievich, who had crushed with an iron hand the rebellion of 1831,
+had a short and sharp way with incipient revolutionaries; and, calling
+out the troops, cleared the streets at the point of the bayonet. While
+they were thus occupied, Lola slipped off to the French consul and
+suggested that he should grant her his protection as a national. With
+characteristic gallantry, he met her wishes. None the less, she had to
+leave Warsaw the next morning, under escort to the frontier.</p>
+
+<p>There were reprisals for a number of those who had taken her part.
+Thus the manager of the theatre and the editor of the <i>Warsaw Gazette</i>
+were dismissed; M. Steinkeller was imprisoned; and a dozen students
+were publicly flogged.</p>
+
+<p>"Tranquillity has been restored," was the official view of the
+situation.</p>
+
+<p>According to Lola herself (not, by the way, a very sound authority)
+she went straight from Warsaw and the clutches of the lustful
+Paskievich to St. Petersburg. Considering, however, that Poland was at
+that period under the domination of the Czar, it is highly improbable
+that, after her expulsion,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span> she could have set foot in Russia without
+a passport. Had she been sufficiently daring to make the experiment,
+she would assuredly have been clapped into fetters and packed off to
+Siberia.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="pic_06" id="pic_06"></a>
+<img src="images/image_07.jpg" width="400" height="588" alt="Abb&eacute; Liszt: Musician and Lover"  />
+<span class="caption">Abb&eacute; Liszt: Musician and Lover</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Lola's motto was "courage, and shuffle the cards." Undeterred by her
+previous failure there, she went back to Paris, to try her luck a
+second time.</p>
+
+<p>Luck came to her very soon, for she had scarcely arrived in the
+capital when she encountered a young Englishman, Mr. Francis Leigh, an
+ex-officer of the 10th Hussars. Within a week the two were on such
+intimate terms that they set up housekeeping together. But the harmony
+was shattered abruptly by Lola, who, in a jealous fit, one day fired a
+pistol at her "protector." As this was more than he could be expected
+to stand, Mr. Leigh, deciding that they could not continue living
+under the same roof, severed the relationship.</p>
+
+
+<h3>III</h3>
+
+<p>In 1845 the Paris of Louis-Philippe was, when Lola resumed her
+acquaintance with it, a pleasant city in which to live. The star of
+Baron Haussmann had not yet arisen; and the capital's vulgarisation
+under the Second Empire had not then begun. John Bull still gave it a
+wide berth; nor, except for a few stray specimens, were there any
+hordes of tourists to gape at the "Froggies." Everything was cheap;
+and most things were nice. Paris really was <i>La ville lumi&egrave;re</i>. Dull
+care had been given its marching orders. All that was required of a
+man was that he should be witty, and of a woman that she should be
+entertaining. The world of the boulevards&mdash;with its caf&eacute;s and
+restaurants and theatres&mdash;was the accepted rallying point of the
+authors and poets, the painters and musicians, and the lights
+twinkling in the theatrical and journalistic firmaments, the men in
+velveteen jackets and peg-top trousers, the women in flounced skirts
+and shawls and elastic-sided boots. The mode of the moment.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>Lola settled down among them, and was given a warm <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span>welcome. Among
+others with whom she was soon on friendly terms was the famous (or,
+perhaps, it would be better to say, notorious) Alphonsine Plessis. The
+Lady of the Camelias had a large heart and a wide circle; and Liszt,
+who was also back in Paris, was to be found among the guests attending
+her "receptions" at her house on the Boulevard de la Madeleine. Lola,
+who never cherished rancour, was prepared to let bygones be bygones,
+and resumed relations with him. But this time they were short lived,
+for the maestro was already dangling after another charmer, and, as
+was his habit, left for Weimar without saying farewell. Lola took his
+defection philosophically. As a matter of fact, she rather welcomed
+it, for it solved a situation that was fast threatening to become
+awkward. This was that she herself had now formed an intimacy with
+somebody else.</p>
+
+<p>Her new acquaintance was Charles Dujarier, a young man of five and
+twenty, and a journalist of some distinction, being part proprietor
+and feuilleton editor of <i>La Presse</i>. Lola met him in the friendly
+atmosphere of a Bohemian caf&eacute;, where formal introductions were not
+insisted upon. As was the custom in such an atmosphere, the friendship
+ripened rapidly. Within a week of their first meeting the two set up
+housekeeping together in the rue Lafitte. Before long there was talk
+of marriage. But it did not get beyond talk, for Lola had put her head
+in the matrimonial noose once&mdash;in her opinion, once too often&mdash;and she
+had no desire to do so a second time. Apart from this consideration,
+she was probably well aware that her divorce from the philandering
+Thomas James had never been completed.</p>
+
+<p>As Dujarier's acknowledged mistress, Lola was accepted without demur
+as one of themselves by the literary and artistic "set" thronging the
+caf&eacute;s and salons they frequented. Gautier and Sue, with Claudin and
+M&eacute;ry and Dumas, were those habitu&eacute;s of whom she saw most; and
+Ferdinand Bac (but nobody else) says that she was on intimate terms
+with the austere M. Guizot.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Gustave Claudin declared that he met Lola Montez in Paris in the
+spring of 1841. That she made an impression on him is evident from a
+passage in his <i>Souvenirs</i>:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Lola Montez was a charmer. There was something&mdash;I do not
+quite know what&mdash;about her appearance that was provocative
+and voluptuous, and which attracted one. She had a white
+skin, hair suggestive of the tendrils of honeysuckle, and a
+mouth that could be compared with a pomegranate. Added to
+this was a ravishing figure, charming feet, and perfect
+grace. Unfortunately, as a dancer, she had very little
+talent.</p>
+
+<p>Towards the year 1845 the author of these notes saw much of
+her. She wanted him to write her memoirs, and gave him some
+material for them.... She was born in Seville in 1823, with
+a French officer for a godfather and (as is the custom in
+Spain) the city of Seville for a godmother. The adventures
+of her life were written out by her in an exercise-book. She
+told me that, at a ball in Calcutta, she had once refused to
+waltz with a wealthy gentleman who was so encrusted with
+diamonds that he resembled a snuff-box. When he asked her
+the reason for refusing to dance, she replied: "Sir, I
+cannot dance with you because you have hurt my foot." The
+would-be waltzer was a chiropodist!</p></div>
+
+<p>Writing, as he did, nearly fifty years after the episode to which he
+thus refers, Claudin's memory was a little shaky. Thus Lola Montez was
+born in Limerick in 1818, not, as he says, at Seville in 1823; nor
+could Claudin have met her in Paris in the spring of 1841, as she had
+not then left India.</p>
+
+<p>Dujarier, according to Lola, was much impressed by her political
+acumen, and employed her on "secret service" for the Government,
+entrusting her as a preliminary with a "mission to St. Petersburg."
+The story is an obvious concoction, if merely because Dujarier, being
+little beyond a penny-a-liner hack, had no power to employ anybody on
+such a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span> task. Still, Lola always stuck to it. Still, it is just
+possible that she may have gone to Russia at this period, for Nicholas
+was interested in the art of the ballet, and welcomed foreign
+exponents of Terpsichore from wherever they came. He was a familiar
+figure in the green-rooms of his capital. He patronised Taglioni and
+Elssler, and was always ready to make up any deficit in the box-office
+receipts. It only meant grinding more out of his army of serfs.</p>
+
+<p>If she did go from Paris to Russia, Lola did not waste her time there,
+for, she says, she "nearly married Prince Schulkoski," whom she had
+already met in Berlin. This, she adds, was "one of the romances of her
+life." But something went wrong with it, for the princely wooer,
+"while furiously telegraphing kisses three times a day," was
+discovered to be enjoying the companionship of another charmer. Lola
+could put up with a great deal. There were, however, limits to her
+toleration, and this was one of them. First, Tom James; then, George
+Lennox; and now Prince Schulkoski. Masculine promises were no more
+substantial than pie-crust. Poor Lola was having a sad awakening. It
+is not remarkable that she formed the conclusion that men were
+"deceivers ever." After such an experience, nothing else was possible.</p>
+
+<p>Among other items in her repertoire of alleged happenings in Russia at
+this period was one that certainly takes a good deal of swallowing.
+This was that, while having a "private audience" with the Czar himself
+and Count Benkendorf (the Chief of the Secret Police), an important
+visitor was announced. Thereupon, and to avoid her presence being
+known to the newcomer, she was locked up in a cupboard and left there
+for several hours. When the Czar came back, he was "full of apologies
+and insisted that she should accept from him a gift of a thousand
+roubles."</p>
+
+<p>Other details follow:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"A great magnate conquers her at St. Petersburg; Grand Dukes
+perform their tricks; and Circassian Princes die for her.
+But soon she has enough of caviare and vodka. What,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span> she
+wonders, is the good of becoming fuddled with drunkards and
+wasting valuable time on half-civilized Asiatics?"</p></div>
+
+<p>No good at all, was Lola's decision. Accordingly, she bade farewell to
+Russian hospitality, and, relinquishing all prospects of wearing the
+Muscovite diadem, returned to Paris and Dujarier. Her lover's
+influence secured her an engagement in <i>La Biche au Bois</i> at the Porte
+St. Martin Theatre; but, as had happened at the Acad&eacute;mie Royale, she
+was a "flop." The critics said so with no uncertain voice; and the
+manager announced that he agreed with them. Clearly, then, the ballet
+was not her <i>m&eacute;tier</i>.</p>
+
+<p>"Well, dancing isn't everything," said Lola, who always took a reverse
+in philosophical fashion.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VI" id="CHAPTER_VI"></a>CHAPTER VI</h2>
+
+<h3>AN "AFFAIR OF HONOUR"</h3>
+
+
+<h3>I</h3>
+<div class="figleft"><img class="img1" src="images/image_28.jpg" alt="T" width="55" height="50" /></div>
+
+<p>he evening of March 7, 1845, was one pregnant with fate where
+Dujarier was concerned. He had received, and accepted, an invitation
+to a supper-party at the Fr&egrave;res-Proven&ccedil;aux restaurant, given by Mlle
+Anais Li&eacute;venne, a young actress from the Vaudeville company. Among the
+other <i>convives</i> gathered round the festive board were a quartet of
+attractive damsels, Atala Beauchene, Victorine Capon, Cecile John, and
+Alice Ozy, with, to keep them company, a trio of typical <i>fl&acirc;neurs</i> in
+Rosemond de Beauvallon (a swarthy Creole from Guadaloupe, with
+ambitions to be considered a novelist), Roger de Beauvoir (a friend of
+Alphonse Karr, and whose other claim to distinction was that he had
+once challenged Balzac), and Saint-Agnan (an individual dubbed by
+journalists a "man-about-town"). Altogether, a gathering thoroughly
+representative of the theatre, the press, the world, and the
+half-world.</p>
+
+<p>Lola was invited to join the party; but, at Dujarier's special
+request, she excused herself. If, however, she had gone with him, the
+tragedy for which the evening was to be responsible might have been
+averted. Still, nobody can look ahead.</p>
+
+<p>For some time, all went merrily as the proverbial marriage bell. The
+ladies were not too strait-laced; dull care was banished. Food and
+drink without stint; music and lights and laughter; bright eyes and
+pretty faces. Champagne corks popped; toasts were offered; jests were
+cracked; and tongues wagged.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>But it did not last. The clouds were gathering; and presently the
+harmony was interrupted. Dujarier was to blame. Unable to carry his
+liquor well, or else, under the spell of her bright eyes, he went so
+far as to remark to his hostess: "My dear Anais, figure to yourself,
+in six months from now you and I will be sleeping together." The
+damsel's acknowledged cavalier, de Beauvallon, a stickler for
+propriety, took this amiss and declared the assertion to be
+unwarranted. Words followed. Warm words. Mlle Li&eacute;venne, however, being
+good-tempered, merely laughed, and peace was restored.</p>
+
+<p>But the patched-up truce was only a temporary one. Feeling still ran
+high. A few minutes later, de Beauvallon picked another quarrel with
+Dujarier, this time complaining that he had neglected to publish a
+feuilleton of his, <i>M&eacute;moires de M. Montholon</i>, that had been accepted
+by him. As was to be expected, the result of pestering the sub-editor
+at such a moment was to receive the sharp response that he "must wait
+his turn, and that, in the meantime, there were more important authors
+than himself to be considered."</p>
+
+<p>With the idea of calming frayed nerves, somebody suggested that they
+should all adjourn for a flutter at lansquenet, then ousting &eacute;cart&eacute;.
+The proposal was accepted; and, the revellers having settled down,
+Saint-Agnan, having the best-lined wallet, took the bank.</p>
+
+<p>Fortune did not smile on Dujarier. The luck seemed against him; and,
+when the party broke up in the small hours, he was a couple of
+thousand francs to the bad. Worse than this, he was unable to settle
+his losses until he had borrowed the necessary billets from the head
+waiter. As a result, his temper was soured, his nerves on edge.
+Accordingly, when de Beauvallon was tactless enough to upset him
+again, he "answered somewhat abruptly."</p>
+
+<p>This, however, was not all. The "wine being in, the wit was out." A
+woman's name cropped up, that of a certain Madame Albert, a young
+actress in whose affections Dujarier had, before Lola Montez appeared
+on the scene, been ousted<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span> by de Beauvallon. The recollection rankled,
+and he made some sneering reference to the subject. With an obvious
+effort, the other kept his temper and curtly remarking, "You will hear
+from me to-morrow, Monsieur," left the restaurant.</p>
+
+
+<h3>II</h3>
+
+<p>"It might have been thought," is the comment of Larousse, "that, with
+the fever of the wine abated, these happenings and the recollection of
+the indecorous words accompanying them would, by the next morning,
+have been forgotten."</p>
+
+<p>But they were not forgotten. They were remembered. On the following
+afternoon, while Dujarier was in his office, lamenting the fact that
+he had made such a fool of himself, and wondering how he was to
+explain matters to Lola, two visitors were announced. One of them was
+the Comte de Flers and the other was the Vicomte d'Ecquevillez. With
+ceremonious bows, they stated the purport of their call. This was that
+they represented de Beauvallon, who "demanded satisfaction for the
+insults he had received from M. Dujarier."</p>
+
+<p>The quarrel, however, was really one between two rival papers, <i>La
+Presse</i> and <i>Le Globe</i>, which had long been at daggers drawn. Granier
+de Cassagnac, the editor of <i>Le Globe</i>, was the brother-in-law of de
+Beauvallon, and Emile de Girardin, the proprietor of <i>La Presse</i>, had
+systematically held him up to ridicule in his columns. Hence, when the
+news of the restaurant fracas leaked out among the caf&eacute; gossipers, the
+result was that everybody said: "il n'y eut qu'une voix pour dire
+'c'est le <i>Globe</i> qui veut se battre avec la <i>Presse</i>.'"</p>
+
+<p>Dujarier, who had no stomach for fighting&mdash;except with his pen&mdash;would
+have backed out if he could. But he could not. Things had already gone
+too far. Accordingly, he referred the visitors to his friends, Arthur
+Bertrand (a god-son of the Emperor) and Charles de Boignes, and then
+hurried off to consult them himself.</p>
+
+<p>"Pistols for two and coffee for one," was their decision<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span> when they
+heard what he had to tell them. There was, they were emphatic, no
+other way by which he could satisfy his "honour." The code demanded
+it.</p>
+
+<p>Clutching at a straw, Dujarier next sought counsel of Alexandre Dumas.</p>
+
+<p>"I don't know why I am fighting," he said.</p>
+
+<p>If it came to that, Dumas shared his ignorance. Still, he insisted
+that a "meeting" was inevitable.</p>
+
+<p>This was the case. For a Frenchman to refuse to "go out"&mdash;no matter
+what his reason&mdash;would be to incur social ignominy. He would be looked
+upon as a pariah; not a hand would be offered him; and he would have
+bundles of white feathers showered upon him by his former
+acquaintances.</p>
+
+<p>It was all very ridiculous. Still, it must be remembered that "the
+period was one when journalists aped fine gentlemen, and killed
+themselves for nothing." Ferdinand Bac declares that this practice was
+"largely the fault of Dumas, who, in his romances, would describe
+lovely women throwing themselves between the combatants to effect
+their reconciliation."</p>
+
+<p>Since a meeting could be a serious affair, the seconds were naturally
+anxious to protect themselves. Accordingly, the four of them, putting
+their heads together, drew up a document which, in the event of
+untoward consequences occurring, would, they felt, absolve them of
+responsibility:</p>
+
+<p>"We, the undersigned, state that, as the result of a disagreement, M.
+de Beauvallon has provoked M. Dujarier in a fashion that makes it
+impossible for him to refuse an encounter. We ourselves have done all
+we can to reconcile these gentlemen; and it is only at M. de
+Beauvallon's urgent demand that we are proceeding in the matter."</p>
+
+<p>As the challenged party, Dujarier had the choice of weapons. The
+privilege, however, was not worth much to him. He had never handled
+cold steel, while his adversary was an expert fencer, and he was also
+such a poor marksman that he could not have made sure of hitting a
+haystack at twenty yards. Still, he reflected that, although de
+Beauvallon was unlikely<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span> to miss him with a rapier, he might possibly
+do so with a bullet. Accordingly, he elected for pistols.</p>
+
+<p>When Dujarier came back to her that evening, Lola, with womanly
+intuition, saw that some trouble had befallen him. Under pressure, he
+admitted that he was about to fight a duel for which he had no
+stomach. At the same time, however, he led her to believe that his
+adversary was de Beauvoir, and not de Beauvallon.</p>
+
+<p>Having thus calmed her fears, for she knew that de Beauvoir was no
+more a fire-eater than was he himself, he went off to have another
+consultation with his seconds.</p>
+
+<p>"I shall not be back until late," he said, "as I am supping with
+Dumas. You must not stop up for me."</p>
+
+<p>Instead, however, of returning that night, Dujarier, feeling that he
+could not face Lola and tell her the truth, stopped with one of his
+seconds. There he wrote and sealed a couple of letters, charging de
+Boignes to "deliver them if required by circumstances." The first was
+to his mother:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>If this letter reaches you, it will be because I shall be
+dead or else dangerously wounded. To-morrow morning I am
+going out to fight with pistols. My position requires it;
+and, as a man of honour, I accept the challenge. If you, my
+good mother, should have cause to weep, it is better that
+you should shed tears for a son worthy of yourself than to
+shed them for a coward. I go to the combat in the spirit of
+a man who is calm and sure of himself. Justice is on my
+side.</p></div>
+
+<p>A more difficult, although less flamboyant, letter to write was the
+second one, for its recipient would be the woman who had given him her
+heart: and was even then anxiously awaiting his return:</p>
+
+<p class="sig4"><span class="smcap">My ever dearest Lola</span>:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>I want to explain why it was I slept by myself and did not
+come to you this morning. It is because I have<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span> to fight a
+duel. All my calmness is required, and seeing you would have
+upset me. By two o'clock this afternoon everything will be
+over.</p>
+
+<p>A thousand fond farewells to the dear little girl I love so
+much, and the thoughts of whom will be with me for ever.</p></div>
+
+<p>Having written his letters, he proceeded to draw up his will. This
+document left, among specific bequests to his mother and sister,
+certain shares that he held in the Palais Royal to Lola Montez.</p>
+
+
+<h3>III</h3>
+
+<p>The date of the meeting was March 11, and the rendezvous was a retired
+spot in the Bois de Boulogne. A bitterly cold morning, with snow on
+the ground and heavy clouds in a leaden sky. As the clock struck the
+appointed hour, Dujarier, accompanied by his seconds, and M. de Guise,
+a medical man, drove up in a cab. They were the first to arrive.</p>
+
+<p>After waiting for more than an hour, Dujarier was in such a nervous
+condition that his seconds declared he would be justified in leaving
+the field, since his adversary had not kept the appointment. Instead,
+however, of jumping at the chance, he took a swig at a flask of
+cognac. The potent spirit gave him some measure of Dutch courage, and
+his teeth stopped chattering.</p>
+
+<p>"I will fight," he announced grandiloquently. "I am a Frenchman, and
+my honour is very dear to me."</p>
+
+<p>It was to be put to the test, for a few minutes later de Beauvallon
+and his seconds arrived, with a tardy apology.</p>
+
+<p>On behalf of their principal, Dujarier's seconds then made a last
+appeal for an amicable settlement. It was coldly received; and they
+were told that "the insult offered was too serious to be wiped out by
+words." There being nothing else for it, the preliminaries were
+discussed, the conditions of the combat being that the adversaries
+should stand thirty paces apart, advance six paces, and then fire.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The pistols were furnished by d'Ecquevillez, and it had been expressly
+stipulated that his principal should not have handled them until that
+moment. When, however, Bertrand examined the pair, he remarked that,
+since the barrels were blackened and still warm to the touch, it was
+obvious that somebody had already practised with them. As, however,
+d'Ecquevillez swore that they had not been tried by de Beauvallon, the
+protest was withdrawn.</p>
+
+<p>The distance being measured and the adversaries placed in position,
+the seconds stepped aside. Then, at a signal, the word was given. The
+first to fire was Dujarier. He was, however, so agitated that he sent
+a bullet wide of the mark. De Beauvallon, on the other hand, was
+perfectly cool and collected. He lifted his weapon and aimed with such
+deliberate care that de Boignes, unable to restrain himself, called
+out excitedly: "<i>Mais, tirez donc, Monsieur!</i>" With a nod, de
+Beauvallon pressed the trigger. There was an answering flash and a
+report; and, as the smoke drifted away, Dujarier reeled and fell,
+blood gushing from his mouth and nostrils.</p>
+
+<p>When Dr. de Guise examined him, he looked grave. He saw at once that
+the injury was serious. As a matter of fact, Dujarier was dead before
+they returned to Paris.</p>
+
+<p>As the cab reached the house in the rue Lafitte, Lola, waiting there
+in an agony of suspense, heard the rumble of wheels. Rushing
+downstairs, she stepped back with a cry of terror, for three men were
+carrying a heavy burden into the hall. Instinctively, she realised
+that the worst had happened, that her suspense was at an end.</p>
+
+<p>"Mademoiselle, we have ill tidings for you," said de Boignes.</p>
+
+<p>"I know it," said Lola. "Dujarier is killed. I felt sure this would
+happen. You should not have let him fight."</p>
+
+<p>The funeral of Dujarier, which took place a couple of days later in
+the cemetery at Montmartre, was attended by characteristic pomp. The
+velvet pall above his coffin was held by Balzac, Dumas, and Joseph
+M&eacute;ry, and a flowery "oration" delivered at the graveside by Emile de
+Girardin:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Whether it endure but a single day, or be deep and
+prolonged, Man's sorrow is always barren and profitless. It
+cannot restore to a disconsolate mother, bemoaning her
+untimely loss, the son for whom she weeps, or give him back
+to his friends.... Let the words written by Dujarier: 'I am
+about to fight a duel for the most absurd and futile of
+causes,' never be effaced from our memory. Farewell,
+Dujarier! Rest in peace! Let us carry away from the
+graveside the hope that the recollection of so lamentable an
+end will last long enough to shield others from a similar
+one. Let all mothers&mdash;still astounded and trembling&mdash;derive
+some measure of confidence from this hope, and pray to God
+for poor Dujarier with all the fervour of their souls!"</p></div>
+
+<p>As may be imagined, talk followed. A vast amount of talk, in the
+newspapers and elsewhere. "The topic was discussed," one reads, "at
+the royal table itself by the family of Louis-Philippe; and Queen
+Amelie and Aunt Adelaide stigmatised the conduct of this wicked hussy,
+Lola Montez, in severe terms."</p>
+
+
+<h3>IV</h3>
+
+<p>After such an experience, Lola felt that she had had enough of France
+for a time. Accordingly, she went back to Germany. There she resumed
+relations with Liszt, who took her to a second Beethoven Festival at
+Bonn. While allowance could be made for the artistic temperament, this
+was considered to be straining it, and caustic remarks on the subject
+appeared in the press.</p>
+
+<p>During the absence of Lola from Paris, the relatives of Dujarier had
+not been idle. Unpleasant whispers were heard that the dead man had
+not fallen in a fair fight; and that the fatal bullet had come from a
+weapon with which his adversary had already practised. As this was
+contrary to the conditions of the encounter, the arm of the law
+reached out, and de Beauvallon and his seconds were called upon for an
+explanation. The one they furnished to them was deemed adequate by the
+authorities. Still, if "honour was satisfied," <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span>the friends of de
+Beauvallon's victim were not. Accordingly, they set to work, and,
+pulling fresh strings, managed to get the official decision upset.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 450px;"><a name="pic_07" id="pic_07"></a>
+<img src="images/image_08.jpg" width="450" height="678" alt="Fanny Elssler. Predecessor of Lola Montez in Paris"  />
+<span class="caption">Fanny Elssler. Predecessor of Lola Montez in Paris</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>An article on the subject that appeared in <i>Le Droit</i> took a severe
+tone:</p>
+
+<p>"The grounds alleged to be responsible for this deplorable business,"
+declared an editorial, "were utterly frivolous. As a result, the
+public prosecutor has instructed an examining-magistrate to enquire
+into all the circumstances, and an autopsy will be held. It is
+possible that other measures will be adopted."</p>
+
+<p>Other measures <i>were</i> adopted.</p>
+
+<p>"All duels," was the austere comment of the examining-magistrate who
+conducted the enquiry, "are marked by folly, and some by deliberate
+baseness." Where this one was concerned, he hinted at something
+sinister, and asked pointed questions about the pistols that
+d'Ecquevillez had been obliging enough to furnish. The answer was that
+they belonged to M. de Cassignac, who, for his part, declared that,
+until the actual day of the meeting, they had been in the custody of
+the gunsmith from whom he had bought them. The gunsmith, however, M.
+Devismes, said that this was not the case; and another witness
+declared that he had seen de Beauvallon having a little surreptitious
+practice with them in the garden.</p>
+
+<p>The next thing that happened was that, before the magisterial enquiry
+was finished, de Beauvallon and d'Ecquevillez made a hurried departure
+from Paris. During their absence, it was decided to abandon further
+proceedings for want of evidence. Thinking himself safe, de Beauvallon
+then returned. But he was not safe. The Supreme Court cancelled the
+decision of the inferior one, and announced that he was to stand his
+trial for murder.</p>
+
+<p>As public feeling ran high, and it was felt that an impartial jury
+could not have been secured in Paris, the trial was held at Rouen. The
+date was March 26, 1846. Attracted<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span> by the special circumstances of
+the case, the court was crowded.</p>
+
+<p>"Nearly all those who were present," says Claudin, "belonged to the
+world of the boulevards." Albert Vandam was among the spectators; and
+with him for a companion was a much more distinguished person, Gustave
+Flaubert.</p>
+
+
+<h3>V</h3>
+
+<p>All being in readiness, and the stage set for the drama that was about
+to be unfolded, the judges, in the traditional red robes, took their
+seats, with M. Letendre de Tourville as president of the Court. M.
+Salveton, the public prosecutor, and M. Rieff, the advocate-general,
+represented the Government; and M&acirc;itre Berryer and M. L&eacute;on Duval
+appeared respectively on behalf of the accused and the dead man's
+mother and sister.</p>
+
+<p>As it had been suggested that de Beauvallon had purposely arrived late
+on the ground, in order to have some preliminary practice, he was told
+to give an account of his movements of the morning of the duel.</p>
+
+<p>"I got up at seven o'clock," he said, "and went downstairs with the
+pistols which had been waiting for me at the concierge's when I
+returned home on the previous evening."</p>
+
+<p>"The concierge remembers nothing of that," interrupted M. Duval. "This
+is a fresh fact. We must certainly consider it. What happened next?"</p>
+
+<p>"I went off in a cab to M. d'Ecquevillez, and handed the pistols to
+him. At half-past ten I returned home, to wait for my seconds. We
+arrived on the ground at half-past eleven. M. de Boignes received us
+coldly, with his hands in his pockets, and said: 'You do well to keep
+us waiting like this for you. Name of God! this isn't a summer
+morning. We think there is not sufficient motive to fight a duel.' I
+answered frigidly, but politely, that I did not agree with him, and
+that I was in the hands of my seconds."</p>
+
+<p>"But one of them, M. de Flers," remarked the President,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span> "thought the
+quarrel trifling and said so. Another thing. Why did M. d'Ecquevillez
+tell us that the pistols belonged to him? Remember, he has given us
+details as to where he got them."</p>
+
+<p>"I ignore details," was the lofty response.</p>
+
+<p>"If you do, we don't," returned the judge.</p>
+
+<p>A vigorous denial was made by de Beauvallon to the suggestion that he
+was familiar with the pistols used in the duel. To convince the jury
+that he was not to be believed, the opposing counsel then told them
+that he had once pawned a watch belonging to somebody else. When the
+judge expressed himself shocked at such depravity, de Beauvallon, says
+a report, "hung his head and wept."</p>
+
+<p>Nor did d'Ecquevillez, the other defendant, cut a very happy figure.
+His real name was said to be Vincent, and aspersions were cast on his
+right to dub himself a "Count." He swore he had never admitted that
+the pistols belonged to him, and that de Beauvallon had borrowed them
+from the gunsmith, Desvismes. The latter, however, calling on heaven
+for support, declared the statement to be a "wicked invention."</p>
+
+<p>Believing in the efficacy of numbers in getting up their case,
+forty-six witnesses were assembled by the prosecution. Mlle Li&egrave;venne,
+the first of them to be examined, brought with her an atmosphere of
+the theatre, "adopting a flashy costume, in deplorably bad taste."
+"This," says a chronicler, "took the form of a blue velvet dress, a
+scarlet shawl, and a pearl-grey mantle." Altogether, a striking
+colour-scheme. But it did not help her. To the indignation of the
+examining-counsel, she affected to remember nothing, declaring that
+she had been "too busy at the supper-table, looking after the
+company."</p>
+
+<p>The other young women, described as "more or less actresses," who had
+also been present, appeared to be suffering from a similar loss of
+memory. Their minds, they protested, were absolutely blank as to what
+had happened at the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span> restaurant and very little could be extracted
+from them. When they had given their evidence, they looked for seats
+in the body of the court. The Rouen ladies, however, having somewhat
+rigid standards, would not permit them to sit between the wind and
+their propriety.</p>
+
+<p>"Things are coming to a pretty pass," they declared, "when
+play-actresses imagine they can sit beside respectable women like
+ourselves."</p>
+
+<p>Thereupon, the discomfited damsels withdrew to the hard benches of the
+public gallery.</p>
+
+<p>Dumas, subp&oelig;naed as a witness, drove all the way from Paris in a
+four-horsed carriage, with M&eacute;ry as a travelling companion. When he
+took his place on the stand, M. de Tourville, affecting judicial
+ignorance, enquired his profession.</p>
+
+<p>"If," returned the other, striking an attitude, "I did not here happen
+to find myself in the country of the illustrious Corneille, I should
+call myself a dramatist."</p>
+
+<p>"Just so," was the caustic response, "but there are degrees among
+dramatists."</p>
+
+<p>Taking this for encouragement, Dumas launched out into a disquisition
+on the history of the duello through the ages that was nearly as long
+as one of his own serials. In the middle of it, a member of the jury,
+anxious to be in the limelight, asked him a question.</p>
+
+<p>"How does it happen," he enquired, "that Dujarier, who considered that
+a man of fashion must fight at least one duel, had never prepared
+himself by learning to shoot and fence?"</p>
+
+<p>"I cannot tell you," was the reply. "My son, however, told me that he
+once accompanied him to a shooting-gallery. Out of twenty shots, he
+only hit the target twice."</p>
+
+<p>Dumas made an exit as dramatic as his entry.</p>
+
+<p>"I beg," he said, "that the honourable Court will permit me to return
+to Paris, where I have a new tragedy in five acts being performed this
+evening."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Lola Montez, garbed in heavy mourning, was the next summoned to give
+evidence.</p>
+
+<p>"When," says one who was there, "she lifted her veil and removed her
+glove, to take the prescribed oath, a murmur of admiration ran through
+the gathering." To this an impressed reporter adds: "Her lovely eyes
+appeared to the judges of a deeper black than her lace ruffles."</p>
+
+<p>The presiding judge had no qualms about enquiring her age; and she had
+none about lopping five years off it and declaring that she was just
+twenty-one. Nor did she advance any objection to being described, with
+Gallic candour, as the "mistress of Dujarier."</p>
+
+<p>During her evidence, Lola Montez, probably coached by Dumas, did just
+what was expected of her. Thus, she shed abundant tears, struck
+pathetic attitudes, and several times looked on the point of
+collapsing. But what she had to say amounted to very little. In fact,
+it was nothing more than an assertion that ill-feeling existed between
+Dujarier and de Cassagnac, the brother-in-law of de Beauvallon, and
+that the quarrel was connected with an alleged debt.</p>
+
+<p>Dujarier, she said, had forbidden her to make de Beauvallon's
+acquaintance, or to attend the supper at the restaurant. He had
+returned from it in an excited condition at 6 o'clock the next morning
+and told her that he would have to accept a challenge.</p>
+
+<p>"I was troubled about it," she said, "all day long. But for M.
+Bertrand's assurance that the encounter was to be with M. de Beauvoir,
+I would have gone to the police. You see, de Beauvoir was a
+high-minded gentleman, and would not have condescended to profit from
+the poor Dujarier's lack of skill."</p>
+
+<p>"Did you not," enquired counsel, "say 'I am a woman of courage, and,
+if the meeting is in order, I will not stop it'?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, but that was because I understood it was to be with de Beauvoir,
+and he would not willingly have harmed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span> Dujarier. When I heard it was
+to be with de Beauvallon I exclaimed, 'My God! Dujarier is as good as
+dead!'"</p>
+
+<p>"I myself," she added, "could handle a pistol more accurately than the
+poor Dujarier; and, if he had wanted satisfaction, I should have been
+quite willing to have gone out with M. de Beauvallon myself."</p>
+
+<p>A murmur of applause met this assurance. Lola's attitude appealed to
+the spectators. She was clearly a woman of spirit.</p>
+
+<p>During the proceedings that followed some sharp things were said about
+M. Granier de Cassagnac, the accused's brother-in-law. Some of them
+were so bitter that at last he protested.</p>
+
+<p>"Monsieur le President," he exclaimed hotly. "I cannot bear these
+abominable attacks on myself any longer."</p>
+
+<p>"If you can't bear them, you can always leave the court," was the
+response.</p>
+
+<p>"This gentleman's indignation does not disturb me in the least," said
+the public prosecutor. "I have already had experience of it, and I
+consider it to be artificial."</p>
+
+
+<h3>VI</h3>
+
+<p>After all the witnesses had been examined and cross-examined, and
+bullied and threatened in the approved fashion, M&acirc;itre Duval addressed
+the jury on behalf of the dead man's relatives. In the course of this
+he delivered a powerful speech, full of passion and invective, drawing
+a parallel between this <i>affaire d'honneur</i> and the historic one
+between Alceste and Oronte in Moli&egrave;re's drama. According to him,
+Dujarier was a shining exemplar, while de Beauvallon was an
+unmitigated scoundrel, with a "past" of the worst description
+imaginable. Having once, years earlier, pledged a watch that did not
+belong to him, he had "no right to challenge anybody, much less a
+distinguished man of letters, such as the noble Dujarier." The various
+causes of the quarrel were discussed next. Counsel thought very little
+of them.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>De Beauvallon had complained that Dujarier had "cut" him. "Is it an
+offence," enquired M. Duval, "for one man to avoid another? Upon my
+word, M. de Beauvallon will have to kill a number of people if he
+wants to kill all those who decline the honour of his companionship."
+As for the gambling quarrel, this was not serious. What, however, was
+serious was that, on the morning of the encounter, de Beauvallon had
+gone to a shooting gallery and had some private practice with the very
+pistols that were afterwards used. This gave him an unfair advantage.
+"If," was the advocate's final effort to win a verdict, "M. de
+Beauvallon is acquitted, the result will be not only a victory for an
+improperly conducted duel, but the very custom of the duel itself will
+be dishonoured by such a decision."</p>
+
+<p>L&eacute;on Duval having sat down, the President turned to the defendant's
+counsel.</p>
+
+<p>"The word is with you, M. Berryer," he said.</p>
+
+<p>M&acirc;itre Berryer, a master of forensic oratory, began his address by
+contending that duelling was not prohibited by the law of France. In
+support he quoted Guizot's dictum: "Where the barbarian murders, the
+Frenchman seeks honourable combat; legislation on the subject is
+profitless; and this must be the case, since the duel is the
+complement of modern civilization."</p>
+
+<p>The judges were unprepared to accept this view off-hand; and, after
+consulting with the assessors, the President insisted that, whatever
+M. Berryer might say, duelling was illegal in France. Although he did
+not tell him so, it was also quite as illegal in England, where Lord
+Cardigan had, a little earlier, only just wriggled out of a conviction
+for taking part in one by a combination of false swearing and the
+subservience of his brother peers.</p>
+
+<p>Not in the least upset, M. Berryer advanced another point. As might
+have been expected of so accomplished an advocate, he had little
+difficulty in demolishing the elaborate, but specious and unsupported,
+hypothesis built up by the other<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span> side. Hard facts did more with the
+stolid and unimaginative Rouen jury than did picturesque embroideries.</p>
+
+<p>"Is the accusation true?" demanded the President.</p>
+
+<p>"On my honour and on my conscience, before God and before man,"
+announced the foreman, "the declaration of the jury is that it is not
+true."</p>
+
+<p>As a result of this finding, de Beauvallon was acquitted of the charge
+of murder. But he did not escape without penalty, for he was ordered
+to pay 20,000 francs "compensation" to the mother and Dujarier's
+relatives.</p>
+
+<p>"He was the only son of his mother, and she was a widow." Convinced
+that there had been a miscarriage of justice and a vast amount of
+false swearing, the dead man's friends set to work to collect other
+evidence. By a stroke of luck, they got into touch with a gardener,
+who said that he had seen de Beauvallon, in company with
+d'Ecquevillez, having some surreptitious pistol practice on the
+morning of the duel. Thereupon, the pair of them were rearrested and
+tried for perjury. Being convicted, d'Ecquevillez was sentenced to ten
+years' imprisonment and de Beauvallon to eight years. But neither
+couple stopped in durance very long. The revolution of 1848 opened the
+doors of the Conciergerie and they made good their escape, the one of
+them to Spain, and the other to his Creole relatives in Guadeloupe.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VII" id="CHAPTER_VII"></a>CHAPTER VII</h2>
+
+<h3>"HOOKING A PRINCE"</h3>
+
+
+<h3>I</h3>
+<div class="figleft"><img class="img1" src="images/image_25.jpg" alt="I" width="24" height="50" /></div>
+<p>mmediately after the Rouen trial, Lola left France, returning once
+more to Germany. Perhaps the Irish strain in her blood made her a
+little superstitious. At any rate, just before starting, she consulted
+a clairvoyante. She felt that she had her money's worth, for the Sibyl
+declared that she would "exercise much influence on a monarch and the
+destiny of a kingdom." A long shot, and, as it happened, quite a sound
+one.</p>
+
+<p>Her intention being, as she had candidly informed Dumas, to "hook a
+prince," she studied the <i>Almanach de Gotha</i>, and familiarised herself
+with the positions and revenues of the various "notables" accorded
+niches therein.</p>
+
+<p>Germany was obviously the best field to exploit, for that country just
+then was full of princes. As a matter of fact there were no less than
+thirty-six of them waiting to be "hooked." The first place to which
+she went on this errand was Baden, where, according to Ferdinand Bac,
+she "bewitched the future Emperor William I. The Prince, however,
+being warned of her syren spell, presently smiled and passed on."</p>
+
+<p>Better luck befell the wanderer at her next attempt to establish
+intimate contact with a member of the <i>hoch geboren</i>, Henry LXXII. His
+principality, Reuss-Lobenstein-Ebersdorf (afterwards amalgamated with
+Thuringia), had the longest name, but the smallest area, of any in the
+kingdom, for it was only about the size of a pocket-handkerchief. But
+to Lola<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span> this was of no great consequence. What, however, was of
+consequence was that he was a millionaire (in thalers) and possessed
+an inflammable heart.</p>
+
+<p>A great stickler for etiquette, he once published the following notice
+in his <i>Court Gazette</i>:</p>
+
+<p>"For twenty years it has been my express injunction that every
+official shall always be alluded to by his correct title. This
+injunction, however, has not always been obeyed. In future, therefore,
+I shall impose a fine of one thaler on any member of my staff who
+neglects to refer to another by his proper title or description."</p>
+
+<p>But that the Prince could unbend on occasion is revealed by another
+notification to his subjects:</p>
+
+<p>"His Most Serene Highness and All-Highest Self has graciously
+condescended to approve the conduct of those six members of the Reuss
+militia who recently assisted to put out a fire. With his own
+All-Highest hand he is (on production of a satisfactory birth
+certificate) even prepared to shake that of the oldest among them."</p>
+
+<p>Risking a prosecution for <i>l&egrave;se-majest&eacute;</i>, a local laureate described
+the incident in stirring verse. An extract from this effort,
+translated by Professor J. G. Legge, in his <i>Rhyme and Revolution in
+Germany</i>, is as follows:</p>
+
+<p class="sig3">HONOUR TO WHOM HONOUR IS DUE</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Quite recently in Reuss<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Militia at a fire<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">(I'm sure it will rejoice you)<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Great credit did acquire.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">When this, through a memorial,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Their gracious Prince by Right<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Had learned; those territorials<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">He to him did invite.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">And when the good men shyly<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Stood up before him, each<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His Gracious Highness highly<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Praised in a Gracious speech.<br /></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span></div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">A solemn affidavit<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">(With parents' names and date)<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Each then produced and gave it<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">&mdash;His birth certificate.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">His Highness then demanded<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The eldest of the band,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And clasped that horny-handed<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">With his All-Highest hand.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Now, this great deed recorded,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Who would not dwell for choice<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where heroes are rewarded<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">As in the land of Reuss?<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Where Lola was concerned, she very soon put a match to the
+inflammable, if arrogant, heart of Prince Henry, and, as a result, was
+"commanded" to accompany him to his miniature court at Ebersdorf. She
+did not, however, stop there very long, for, by her imperious attitude
+and contempt of etiquette, she disturbed the petty officials and
+bourgeois citizens surrounding it to such a degree that they made
+formal complaints to his High-and-Mightiness. At first he would not
+hear a word on the subject. Such was his favourite's position that
+criticism of her actions was perilously near <i>l&egrave;se-majest&eacute;</i> and
+incurred reprisals. As soon, however, as the amorous princeling
+discovered that his bank balance was being depleted considerably
+beyond the amount for which he had budgeted, he suffered a sudden
+spasm of virtue and issued marching-orders to the "Fair Impure," as
+his shocked and strait-laced Ebersdorfians dubbed the intruder among
+them. There was also some suggestion, advanced by a gardener, that she
+had a habit of taking a short cut across the princely flower-beds when
+she was in a hurry. This was the last straw.</p>
+
+<p>"Leave my kingdom at once," exclaimed the furious Henry. "You are
+nothing but a feminine devil!"</p>
+
+<p>Not in the least discomfited by this change of opinion, Lola riposted
+by presenting a lengthy and detailed account for "services rendered";
+and, when it had been met (and not<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span> before), shook the dust of
+Reuss-Lobenstein-Ebersdorf from her pretty feet.</p>
+
+<p>"You can keep your Thuringia," was her parting-shot. "I wouldn't have
+it as a gift."</p>
+
+<p>The next places at which she halted were Homburg and Carlsbad, two
+resorts then beginning to become popular and attracting a wealthy
+crowd seeking a promised "cure" for their various ills. But, finding
+the barons apt to be close-fisted, and the smart young lieutenants
+without one <i>pfennig</i> in their pockets to rub against another, Lola
+was soon continuing her travels.</p>
+
+<p>In September, 1846, she found herself in Wurtemburg, where, much to
+her annoyance, she discovered that a certain Amalia Stubenrauch, a
+prepossessing damsel, who would now be called a gold-digger, had
+conquered the spare affections of King William, on whom Lola herself
+had designs. But that large-hearted monarch had, as it happened, few
+affections to spare for anybody just then, for, when she encountered
+him at Stuttgart, he was on the point of being married to Princess
+Olga of Russia. A correspondent of the <i>Athen&aelig;um</i>, who was there to
+chronicle the wedding festivities for his paper, registered
+disapproval at her presence in the district. "From the capital of
+Wurtemburg," he announced sourly, "Lola Montez departed in the
+<i>schnellpost</i> for Munich, unimpeded by any luggage." Somebody else,
+however (perhaps a more careful observer), is emphatic that she "went
+off with three carts full of trunks." As she always had a considerable
+wardrobe, this is quite possible.</p>
+
+
+<h3>II</h3>
+
+<p>When, at the suggestion of Baron Maltitz (a Homburg acquaintance who
+had suggested that she should "try her luck in Munich"), Lola set off
+for Bavaria, that country was ruled by Ludwig I. A god-child of
+Marie-Antoinette, and the son of Prince Max Joseph of Zweibrucken and
+Princess Augusta of Hesse-Darmstadt, he was born at Salzburg in 1786
+and had succeeded his father in 1825. As a young man, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span>he had served
+with the Bavarian troops under Napoleon, and detesting the experience,
+had conceived a hatred of everything military. This hatred was so
+strongly developed that he would not permit his sons to wear uniform.
+Under his regime the military estimates were cut down to the bone. The
+army, he said, was a "waste of money," and he grudged every <i>pfennig</i>
+it cost the annual budget. He did his best to abolish conscription,
+but had to abandon the effort. For all, too, that he was a god-son of
+Marie-Antoinette, he had no love for France.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 450px;"><a name="pic_08" id="pic_08"></a>
+<img src="images/image_09.jpg" width="450" height="673" alt="Porte St. Martin Theatre, Paris, where Lola was a
+&quot;flop&quot;"  />
+<span class="caption">Porte St. Martin Theatre, Paris, where Lola was a
+&quot;flop&quot;</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Ludwig's sister, Louisa, exchanging her religion for a consort's
+crown, was the wife of the Czar Alexander I; and he himself was
+married to the Princess Theresa of Saxe-Hildburghausen, a lady
+described as "plain, but exemplary." Still, so far as personal
+appearance goes, Ludwig himself was no Adonis. Nestitz, indeed, has
+pictured him as "having a toothless jaw and an expressionless
+countenance." But his consort did her duty; and, at approved
+intervals, presented him with a quiverful of four sons and three
+daughters. Of his sons, one of them, Otto, was, as a lad of sixteen,
+selected by the Congress of London to be King of Greece, much to the
+fury of the Czar Nicholas, who held that this was a cunning, if
+diplomatic, attempt to set up a Byzantine empire among the Hellenes.
+"Were I," he said in a despatch on the subject, "to give my
+countenance to such a step, I should nullify myself in the eyes of my
+Church." Nesselrode, however, was of another opinion. "It is
+unbecoming," he was daring enough to inform his master, "for the
+Emperor of Russia to question a step upon which the Greeks themselves
+are not in entire accord." A remarkable utterance. Politicians had
+gone to Siberia for less. Palmerston, too, had his way, and Otto,
+escorted by a warship, left his fatherland. On arriving in Athens, the
+joy-bells rang out and the columns of the Parthenon were flood-lit.
+But the choice was not to the popular taste; and it was not long
+before Otto was extinguished, as well as the lights. By the irony of
+fate, he returned<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span> to Munich on the very day that Ludwig had erected a
+Doric arch to commemorate the activities of the House of Wittelsbach
+in securing the Liberation of Greece.</p>
+
+<p>Despite this untoward happening, Ludwig remained an ardent
+Phil-Hellene; and, as such, conceived the idea of converting his
+capital into a mixture of Athens and Florence and a metropolis of all
+the arts. Under his fostering care, Munich was brought to bed of a
+succession of temples and columns, and sprouted pillars and porticoes
+in every direction. The slums and alleys and huddle of houses in the
+old enceinte were swept away, and replaced by broad boulevards,
+fringed with museums and churches and picture galleries. For many of
+the principal public buildings he went to good models. Thus, one of
+them, the K&ouml;nigsbau, was copied from the Pitti Palace; a second from
+the Loggia de' Lanzi; and a third from St. Paul's at Rome. He also
+built a Walhalla, at Ratisbon, in which to preserve the effigies of
+his more distinguished countrymen. Yet, although it ran to size, there
+was no niche in it for Luther.</p>
+
+<p>In his patronage of the fine arts, Ludwig followed in the footsteps of
+the Medici. During his regime, he did much to raise the standard of
+taste among his subjects. Martin Wagner and von Hallerstein were
+commissioned by him to travel in Greece and Italy and secure choice
+sculpture and pictures for his galleries and museums. The best of them
+found a home in the Glyptothek and the Pinakothek, two enormous
+buildings in the Doric style, the cost of which he met from his privy
+purse. Another of his hobbies was to play the Maecenas; and any
+budding author or artist who came to him with a manuscript in his
+pocket or a canvas under his arm was certain of a welcome.</p>
+
+<p>We all have our little weaknesses. That of Ludwig of Bavaria was that
+he was a poet. He was so sure of this that he not only produced yards
+of turgid verse, defying every law of construction and metre, but he
+even had some of it printed. A volume of selections from his Muse,
+entitled <i>Walhalla's<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span> Genossen</i>, was published for him by Baron Cotta,
+and, like the Indian shawls of Queen Victoria, did regular duty as a
+wedding-gift. One effort was dedicated "To Myself as King," and
+another "To my Sister, the Empress of Austria"; and a number of choice
+extracts were translated and appeared in an English guide-book.</p>
+
+<p>Ignoring the divinity that should have hedged their author, Heine was
+very caustic about this royal assault upon Parnassus. Ludwig riposted
+by banishing him from the capital. Still, if he disapproved of this
+one, he added to his library the output of other bards, not
+necessarily German. But, while Browning was there, Tennyson had no
+place on his shelves. One, however, was found for Martin Tupper.</p>
+
+<p>Ludwig cultivated friendly relations with England, and did all he
+could (within limits) to promote an <i>entente</i>. Thus, on the occasion
+of a chance visit to Munich by Lord Combermere, he "sent the
+distinguished traveller a message to the effect that a horse and
+saddlery, with aide-de-camp complete, were at his service." His
+companion, however, a member of the Foreign Office Staff, who had
+forgotten to pack his uniform&mdash;or in John Bull fashion had declined to
+do so&mdash;did not fare so well, since his name was struck off the list of
+"eligibles" to attend the palace functions. Thereupon, says Lord
+Combermere, he "wrote an angry letter to the chamberlain, commenting
+on the absurdity of the restriction."</p>
+
+<p>But Ludwig's opinion of diplomatists was also somewhat unflattering,
+for, of a certain embassy visited by him on his travels, he wrote:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"A Theatre once&mdash;and now an Ambassador's dwelling.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Still, thou are what thou wast&mdash;the abode of deception."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>A strange mixture of Henry IV and Haroun-al-Raschid, Ludwig of Bavaria
+was a man of contradictions. At one moment he was lavishly generous;
+at another, incredibly mean. He could be an autocrat to his finger
+tips, and insist on the observance of the most minute points of
+etiquette;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span> and he could also be as democratic as anybody who ever
+waved a red flag. Thus, he would often walk through the streets as a
+private citizen, and without an escort. Yet, when he did so, he
+insisted on being recognised and having compliments paid him. The
+traffic had to be held up and hats doffed at his approach.</p>
+
+<p>Nowadays, he would probably have been clapped into a museum as a
+curiosity.</p>
+
+<p>Such, then, was the monarch whose path was to be crossed, with
+historic and unexpected consequences to each of them, by Lola Montez.</p>
+
+
+<h3>III</h3>
+
+<p>On arriving in Munich, Lola called on the manager of the Hof Theatre.
+As this individual already knew of her Paris fiasco, instead of an
+engagement from him, she met with a rebuff. Quite undisturbed,
+however, by such an experience, she hurried off to the palace, and
+commanded the astonished door-keeper to take her straight to the King.</p>
+
+<p>The flunkey referred her to Count Rechberg, the aide-de-camp on duty.
+With him Lola had more success. Boldness conquered where bashfulness
+would have failed. After a single swift glance, Count Rechberg decided
+that the applicant was eligible for admission to the "Presence," and
+reported the fact to his master.</p>
+
+<p>But Ludwig already knew something of the candidate for terpsichorean
+honours. As it happened, that very morning he had received from Herr
+Frays, the director of the Hof Theatre, a letter, telling him that, on
+the advice of his <i>premi&egrave;re-danseuse</i>, Fr&auml;ulein Frenzal, he had
+refused to give her an engagement. Count Rechberg's florid description
+of her charms, however, decided His Majesty to use his own judgment.
+But he did not give in easily.</p>
+
+<p>"Is it suggested," he demanded acidly, "that I should receive all
+these would-be ballerinas and put them through their paces? They come
+here by the dozen. Why am I troubled with such nonsense?"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Sire," returned Rechberg, greatly daring, but with Lola's magnetism
+still upon him, "you will not regret it. I assure you this one is an
+exception. She is delightful. That is the only word for it. Never have
+I seen anybody to equal her. Such grace, such charm, such &mdash;&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>"Pooh!" interrupted Ludwig, cutting short the threatened rhapsodies,
+"your swan is probably a goose. Most of them are. Still, now that
+she's here, let her come in. If she isn't any good, I'll soon send her
+about her business."</p>
+
+<p>Brave words, but they availed him nothing. Ludwig shot one glance at
+the woman who stood before him, and capitulated utterly.</p>
+
+<p>A sudden thrill passed through him. His sixty years fell away in a
+flash. A river of blood surged through his sexagenarian arteries. His
+boast recoiled upon himself. Rechberg had not deceived him.</p>
+
+<p>"What has happened to me?" he muttered feebly. "I am bewitched." Then,
+as the newcomer stood smiling at him in all her warm loveliness, he
+found his tongue.</p>
+
+<p>"Mademoiselle, you say you can dance. Well, let me see what you can
+do. Count Rechberg, you may leave us."</p>
+
+<p>"Do I dance here, in this room, Your Majesty?"</p>
+
+<p>"Certainly."</p>
+
+<p>Lola wanted nothing better. The opportunity for which she had been
+planning and scheming ever since she left Paris had come at last.
+Well, she would make the most of it. Not in the least perturbed that
+there was no accompaniment, and no audience but His Majesty, she
+executed a <i>pas seul</i> there and then. It was a "royal performance,"
+and eminently successful. Her feet tripped lightly across the polished
+floor, and danced their way straight into Ludwig's heart.</p>
+
+<p>"You shall dance before the public," he announced. "I will myself give
+orders to the director of the Hof Theatre."</p>
+
+<p>Luise von Kobell, when a schoolgirl, encountered her by chance just
+after her arrival, and thus records the impression she received:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>As I was walking in the Briennerstrasse, not far from the
+Bayersdorf Palace, I saw a veiled lady, wearing a black gown
+and carrying a fan, coming towards me. Something flashed
+across my vision, and I suddenly stood still, completely
+dazzled by the eyes into which I stared, and which shone
+from a pale countenance that lit up with a laughing
+expression at my bewilderment. Then she swept past me; and
+I, forgetting what my governess had said about looking
+round, stared after her until she disappeared.... "That,"
+said my father, when I reached home and recounted my
+adventure, "must have been Lola Montez, the Spanish dancer."</p></div>
+
+<p>The next evening little Fr&auml;ulein von Kobell saw her again at the Hof
+Theatre, where her first appearance before the Munich public was made
+on October 10, 1846.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Lola Montez assumed the centre of the stage. She was not
+dressed in the customary tights and short skirts of a
+ballerina, but in a Spanish costume of silk and lace, in
+which shone at intervals a diamond. It seemed as if fire
+darted from her wonderful blue eyes, and she bowed like one
+of the Graces at the King in the royal box. She danced after
+the manner of her country, bending on her hips and
+alternating one posture with another, each rivalling the
+former one in beauty.</p>
+
+<p>While she was dancing she held the attention of all;
+everybody's eyes followed her sinuous movements, now
+indicative of glowing passion, now of frolicsomeness. Not
+until she ceased her rhythmic swayings was the spell
+interrupted. The audience went mad with rapture, and the
+entire dance had to be repeated over and over again.</p></div>
+
+<p>Ludwig, ensconced in the royal box, could not take his eyes off her.
+During an <i>entr'acte</i> he scribbled a verse:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Happy movements, clear and near,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Are in thy living grace.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Supple and tender, as a deer<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Art thou, of Andalusian race!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>"<i>Wundersch&ouml;n!</i>" declared an admiring aide-de-camp to whom he showed
+it.</p>
+
+<p>"<i>Kolossal!</i>" echoed a second, not to be outdone in recognising
+laureateship.</p>
+
+<p>As, however, the cheers were mingled with a few hisses ("due to the
+report that the newcomer was an English Freemason, and wanted to
+destroy the Catholic religion"), the next evening the management took
+the precaution of filling the pit with a leather-lunged and
+horny-handed <i>claque</i>. This time the bill consisted of a comedy, <i>Der
+Weiberseind von Benedix</i>, followed by a cachucha and a fandango with
+Herr Opsermann for a dancing-partner.</p>
+
+<p>Lola's success was assured; and Herr Frays, who had started by
+refusing to let her appear, was now full of grovelling apologies. He
+offered her a contract. But Lola, having other ideas as to how her
+time should be employed in Munich, would not accept it.</p>
+
+<p>"Thank you for nothing," she said. "When I asked you for an
+engagement, you told me I was not good enough to dance in your
+theatre. Well, I have now proved to both Fr&auml;ulein Frenzal and yourself
+that I am. That is all I care about, and I shall not dance again,
+either for you or for anybody else."</p>
+
+<p>If she had known enough German, she would probably have added: "Put
+that in your pipe and smoke it!"</p>
+
+<p>Munich in those days must have proved attractive to people with small
+incomes. Thus, Edward Wilberforce, who spent some years there, says
+that meat was fivepence a pound, beer twopence-halfpenny a quart, and
+servants' wages eight shillings a month. But there were drawbacks.</p>
+
+<p>"The city," says an English guide-book of this period, "has the
+reputation of being a very dissolute capital." Yet it<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></span> swarmed with
+churches. The police, too, exercised a strict watch upon the hotel
+registers; and, as a result of their activities, a "French visitor was
+separated from his feminine companion on grounds of public morality."</p>
+
+<p>"None of your Parisian looseness for us!" said the City Fathers.</p>
+
+<p>But Lola appears to have avoided any such rigid censorship. At any
+rate, a certain Auguste Papon (a mixture of pimp and <i>souteneur</i>),
+whom she had met in Paris, happened to be in Munich at the same time
+as herself. The intimacy was revived; and, as he did not possess the
+entr&eacute;e to the Court, for some weeks they lived together at the Hotel
+Maulich. In the spring of 1847 a young Guardsman found himself in the
+town, on his way back to England from Kissengen. He records that, not
+knowing who she was, he sat next Lola Montez at dinner one evening,
+and gives an instance of her quick temper. "On the floor between us,"
+he says, "was an ice-pail, with a bottle of champagne. A sudden
+quarrel occurred with her neighbour, a Bavarian lieutenant; and,
+applying her foot to the bucket, she sent it flying the length of the
+room."</p>
+
+
+<h3>IV</h3>
+
+<p>Lola certainly made the running. Five days after she first met him,
+Ludwig summoned all the officials of the Court, and astonished (and
+shocked) them by introducing her with the remark: "Gentlemen, I have
+the honour to present to you my best friend. See to it that you accord
+her every possible respect." He also compelled his long suffering
+spouse to admit her to the Order of the Chanoines of St. Th&eacute;r&egrave;se, a
+distinction for which&mdash;considering her somewhat lurid "past"&mdash;this new
+recipient was scarcely eligible.</p>
+
+<p>When he heard that instructions had been issued for paying special
+compliments to her, Mr. <i>Punch</i> registered severe disapproval.</p>
+
+<p>"It is a good joke," he remarked, "to call upon others to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span> uphold the
+dignity of one who is always at some freak or other to lower herself."</p>
+
+<p>When she first sailed in dramatic fashion into the orbit of Bavaria's
+sovereign, Lola Montez was just twenty-seven. In the full noontide of
+her beauty and allurement, she was well equipped with what the modern
+jargon calls sex-appeal. Big-bosomed and with generously swelling
+curves, "her form," says Eduard Fuchs, "was provocation incarnate."
+Fuchs, who was an expert on the subject of feminine attractions, knew
+what he was talking about. "Shameless and impudent," adds Heinrich von
+Treitschke, "and as insatiable in her voluptuous desires as Sempronia,
+she could converse with charm among friends; manage mettlesome horses;
+sing in thrilling fashion; and recite amorous poems in Spanish. The
+King, an admirer of feminine beauty, yielded to her magic. It was as
+if she had given him a love philtre. For her he forgot himself; he
+forgot the world; and he even forgot his royal dignity."</p>
+
+<p>The fact that Lola always wore a Byronic collar helped the theory,
+held by many, that she was a daughter of the poet. But her real reason
+for adopting the style was that she had a lovely neck, and this set it
+off to the best advantage. She studied the art of dress and gave it an
+immense amount of care. Where this matter was concerned, no trouble or
+care was too much. Her favourite material was velvet, which she
+considered&mdash;and quite justifiably&mdash;to exercise an erotic effect on men
+of a certain age. She was insistent, too, that the contours of her
+figure ("her quivering thighs and all the demesnes adjacent thereto")
+should be clearly revealed, and in a distinctly provocative fashion.
+This, of course, was not far removed from exhibitionism. As a result,
+bourgeois opinion was outraged. The wives of the petty officials
+shopping in the Marienplatz shuddered, and clutched their ample skirts
+when they saw her; anxious mothers instructed dumpy Fr&auml;uleins "not to
+look like the foreign woman." There is no authoritative record that
+any of them did so.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VIII" id="CHAPTER_VIII"></a>CHAPTER VIII</h2>
+
+<h3>LUDWIG THE LOVER</h3>
+
+
+<h3>I</h3>
+<div class="figleft"><img class="img1" src="images/image_29.jpg" alt="L" width="42" height="50" /></div>
+<p>ola Montez had done better than "hook a prince." A lot better. She
+had now "hooked" a sovereign. Her ripe warm beauty sent the thin blood
+coursing afresh through Ludwig's sluggish veins. There it wrought a
+miracle. He was turned sixty, but he felt sixteen.</p>
+
+<p>The conversation of Robert Burns is said to have "swept a duchess off
+her feet." Perhaps it did. But that of Lola Montez had a similar
+effect on a monarch. Under the magic of her spell, this one became
+rejuvenated. The years were stripped from him; he was once more a boy.
+With his charmer beside him, he would wander through the Nymphenburg
+Woods and under the elms in the Englischer Garten, telling her of his
+dreams and fancies. His passion for Greece was forgotten. Pericles was
+now Romeo.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0"><i>In dem Suden ist die Liebe,</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>Da ist Licht und da ist Glut!</i><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>that is,</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">In the south there is love,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There is light and there is heat,<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>sang Ludwig.</p>
+
+<p>Yet Lola Montez was not by any means the first who ever burst into the
+responsive heart of Ludwig I. She had many predecessors there. One of
+them was an Italian syren. But that Lola soon ousted her is clear from
+a poetical effort of which the royal troubadour was delivered. This
+begins:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[105]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0"><i>Tropfen der Seligkeit und ein Meer von bitteren Leiden<br /></i></span>
+<span class="i2"><i>Die Italienerin gab&mdash;Seligkeit, Seligkeit nur</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>L&auml;ssest Du mich entz&uuml;ndend, begeistert, bef&auml;ndig empfinden,</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i2"><i>In der Spanierin fand Liebe und Leben ich nur!</i><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>A free rendering of this passionate heart throb would read very much
+as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Drops of bliss and a sea of bitter sorrow<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The Italian woman gave me. Bliss, only bliss,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thou gav'st my enraptured heart and soul and spirit.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">In the Spanish woman alone have I found Love and Life!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Ludwig had a prettier name for his inamorata than the "feminine devil"
+of Henry LXXII of Reuss. He called her the "Lovely Andalusian" and the
+"Woman of Spain." She also inspired him to fresh poetic flights. One
+of these ran:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Thine eyes are blue as heavenly vaults<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Touched by the balmy air;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And like the raven's plumage is<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Thy dark and glistening hair!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>There were several more verses.</p>
+
+<p>A feature of the Residenz Palace was a collection of old masters.
+Wanting to add a young mistress, Ludwig allotted a place of honour
+among them to a portrait of Lola Montez, from the brush of Josef
+Stieler. The work was well done, for the artist was inspired by his
+subject; and he painted her wearing a costume of black velvet, with a
+touch of colour added by red carnations in her head-dress.</p>
+
+<p>Ludwig's heart being large, <i>Die Sch&ouml;nheitengalerie</i> (as the "Gallery
+of Beauties" was called) filled two separate rooms. The one
+qualification for securing a niche on the walls being a pretty face,
+the collection included the Princess Alexandra of Bavaria (daughter of
+the King of Greece), the Archduchess Sophie of Austria, and the
+Baroness de Kr&uuml;dener (catalogued as the "spiritual sister" of the Czar
+Alexander I), a popular actress, Charlotte Hagen, a ballet-dancer,
+Antoinette Wallinger, and the daughters of the Court butcher and the
+municipal town-crier. To these were added a quartet of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span> Englishwomen,
+in Lady Milbanke (the wife of the British Minister), Lady
+Ellenborough, Lady Jane Erskine, and Lady Teresa Spence. It was to
+this gallery that Ludwig was accustomed to retire for a couple of
+hours every evening, to "meditate" on the charms of its occupants.
+Being, however, possessed of generous instincts, and always ready
+(within limits) to share his good things, the public were admitted on
+Sunday afternoons.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><a name="pic_09" id="pic_09"></a>
+<img src="images/image_10.jpg" width="600" height="425" alt="Supper-Party at Les Fr&egrave;res Proven&ccedil;aux. First act in a
+Tragedy"  />
+<span class="caption">Supper-Party at Les Fr&egrave;res Proven&ccedil;aux. First act in a
+Tragedy</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>But Ludwig could scratch, as well as purr. On one occasion he chanced
+to meet a lady who had figured among the occupants of the
+<i>Sch&ouml;nheiten</i>. She was considerably past the first flush of youth, and
+Ludwig, exercising his prerogative, affected not to remember her.</p>
+
+<p>"But, Sire," she protested, "I used to be in your gallery."</p>
+
+<p>"That, madame," was the response, "must have been a very long time
+ago. You would certainly not be there now."</p>
+
+
+<h3>II</h3>
+
+<p>From her modest hotel, where, soon tiring of his society, she left
+Auguste Papon to stay by himself, Lola took up fresh quarters in a
+small villa which the King had placed at her disposal in the
+Theresienstrasse, a boulevard conveniently near the Hofgarten and the
+Palace. While comfortable enough, it was held to be merely a temporary
+arrangement. There was not enough room in it for Lola to expand her
+wings. She wanted to establish a <i>salon</i> and to give receptions.
+Accordingly, she demanded something more suitable. It meant spending
+money, and Ludwig had already, he reflected, spent a great deal on her
+whims and fancies. Still, under pressure, he came round, and, agreeing
+that there must be a fitting nest for his love-bird (with a perch in
+it for himself), he summoned his architect, Metzger, and instructed
+him to build one in the more fashionable Barerstrasse.</p>
+
+<p>"No expense is to be spared," he said.</p>
+
+<p>None was spared.</p>
+
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[107]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The new dwelling, which adjoined the Karolinen Platz, was really a
+bijou palace, modelled on the Italian style. Everything in it was of
+the best, for Ludwig had cash and Lola had taste. Thus, her toilet-set
+was of silver ware; her china and glass came from Dresden: the rooms
+were filled with costly nicknacks; mirrors and cabinets and vases and
+bronzes; richly-bound books on the shelves; and valuable tapestries
+and pictures on the walls. French elegance, added to Munich art, with
+a touch of solid English comfort in the shape of easy chairs and
+couches.</p>
+
+<p>To check a playful habit that the Munich mob had of throwing bricks
+through them, when they had drunk more beer than they could carry, the
+windows were fitted with iron grilles. As a further precaution, a
+mounted officer always accompanied the Barerstrasse ch&acirc;telaine when
+she was driving in public, and sentries stood at the door, to keep the
+curious at a respectful distance.</p>
+
+<p>A description of the Barerstrasse nest was sent to London by a
+privileged journalist who had inspected it:</p>
+
+<p>"The style of luxury in which Lola Montez lives here passes all
+bounds. Nothing to equal it has been met with in Munich. It might
+almost be an Aladdin's palace! The walls of her bed-chamber are hung
+with guipure and costly satin. The furniture is of Louis XV era, and
+the mantelpiece is of valuable S&egrave;vres porcelain. The garden is filled
+with rare flowers, and the carriages and horses in the stables are the
+wonder and envy of the honest burghers."</p>
+
+<p>"The Queen herself could not be better housed," said Lola delightedly,
+when she saw all the luxuries of which she was now the mistress.</p>
+
+<p>"You are my Queen," declared Ludwig fondly.</p>
+
+<p>While Lola, to please her patron, grappled with the intricacies of the
+German tongue, Ludwig, to please his charmer, took lessons from her in
+Spanish. She still stuck to her Andalusian upbringing, and is said
+(but the report lacks confirmation) to have introduced him to &agrave;
+Kempis. This,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[108]</a></span> however, is probably a misprint for Don Quixote. None
+the less, her inspiration was such that her pupil could write:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Thou dost not wound thy lover with heartless tricks;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor dost thou play with him wantonly.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thou art not for self; thy nature is generous and kind.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">My beloved! Thou art munificent and unchanging.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr class="hr1" />
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Give me happiness!" I begged with fierce longing.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And happiness I received from thee, thou Woman of Spain!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Notwithstanding the suggestion implied by this assurance, Lola always
+insisted that her relations with the King were purely platonic. While
+this view is a little difficult to accept, it is significant that
+Ludwig's lawful spouse never objected to their "friendship." Her
+Majesty, however, was of a placid temperament. Perhaps, too, she
+thought that the fancy would not endure. If so, she was wrong, for,
+with the passage of time, the newcomer was obviously consolidating her
+position. "Lola Montez, of horse-whipping notoriety," remarked a
+journalist, "appears to be increasing in favour at the Court of
+Bavaria. The Queen calls her 'My dear,' and the ladies consider it
+their duty to caress the one who has all the world of Munich at her
+feet."</p>
+
+<p>During the summer, Ludwig, divesting himself of the cares of state,
+retired to his castle at Bruckenau, picturesquely situated in the
+Fulda Forest; and Lola, attended by a squadron of Cuirassiers,
+accompanied him to this retreat. There, as in the Nymphenburg Park,
+Ludwig dreamed dreams, while Lola amused herself with the officers of
+the escort. Halcyon days&mdash;and nights. They inspired His Majesty with
+yet another "poem":</p>
+
+<p class="sig4">SONG OF WALHALLA</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Through the holy dome, oh come,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Brothers, let us roam along;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Let from thousand throats the hum<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Rise, like rivers, swift and strong!<br /></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span></div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">When the notes have died away<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Let us clasp each other's hand;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, to high Heaven, let us pray<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">For our dearest Fatherland!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>While she accorded it full value, Lola Montez did not depend on mere
+beauty for her power. She had a markedly sadistic vein in her
+composition; and, when annoyed, was not above laying about her right
+and left with a dog-whip that she always carried. An impudent lackey
+would be flogged into submission, or set upon by a fierce mastiff that
+she kept at her heels. High office, too, meant nothing to her. She
+boxed the ears of Baron Pechman; and, because he chanced to upset her,
+she encouraged her four-coated companion to tear the best trousers of
+Professor Lasaulx, the nephew of G&ouml;rrez, a Cabinet Minister.</p>
+
+<p>Her English bulldog (with apparently a strain of Presbyterian blood in
+him) had an unerring scent for Jesuits. He seemed to disapprove of
+their principles as much as his mistress did, and would attack them at
+sight. This animal would also appear to have been something of a
+prohibitionist. At any rate, he once bit a brewer's carman, delivering
+goods to a <i>bierkeller</i>. When the victim expostulated, Lola struck him
+with her whip. This infuriated the crowd to such an extent that she
+had to take refuge in a shop. There she happened to jostle a
+lieutenant, who, not recognising her, ventured on a protest. The next
+morning he received a challenge from a fire-eating comrade, alleging
+that he had "insulted a lady." Because the challenge was refused, a
+"court of honour" had him deprived of his commission.</p>
+
+
+<h3>III</h3>
+
+<p>What a distressed commentator has dubbed the "equivocal position" of
+Lola Montez at Munich also stuck in the gullet of the Cabinet, and
+heads were shaken. Public affronts were offered her. When she visited
+the Od&eacute;on Theatre, the stalls adjoining the one she occupied were
+promptly emptied.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[110]</a></span> "Respectable women drew back, exhibiting on their
+countenances disgust and terror." But the masculine members of the
+audience were less exclusive, or perhaps made of sterner material, for
+they displayed eagerness to fill up the vacant stalls. "A new chivalry
+was born," says a chronicler of town gossip, "and paladins were
+anxious to act as a buckler."</p>
+
+<p>With the passage of time the infatuation of the Wittelsbach Lovelace
+became so marked that it could not be ignored in places beyond Munich.
+The Countess Bernstorff grew seriously perturbed. "There has long been
+talk," she confided to a friend, "as to whether King Ludwig would so
+far presume on the kindness and indulgence of the Queen of Prussia as
+to bring Lola Montez to Court during Her Majesty's forthcoming stay in
+Munich." The problem, however, was solved by the tactful action of
+Lola herself, who gave the palace a wide berth until the visit had
+come to an end.</p>
+
+<p>In his <i>Memoirs of Madam Jenny Lind-Goldschmidt</i> shocked horror is
+similarly expressed by Canon Scott Holland at the possibility of the
+Swedish Nightingale, who was arranging to give a concert there,
+encountering Lola in her audience:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>The time fixed for this visit to Munich was, in one respect,
+most unpropitious; and, for a young artist, unsupported by
+powerful moral protection, the visit itself might well have
+proved extremely unpleasant. It was impossible to sing at
+Court, for the reigning spirit in the household of King
+Ludwig I was the notorious Lola Montez, who was then at the
+climax of her ill-gotten power. To have been brought into
+contact with such a person would have been intolerable. An
+invitation to Court would have rendered such contact
+inevitable.</p></div>
+
+<p>But if Jenny Lind adopted a lofty attitude and refused to fulfil an
+engagement in the Bavarian capital, lest she should have chanced to
+rub shoulders with Ludwig's mistress, other visitors did not share
+these qualms. They arrived in battalions, and evinced no
+disinclination to make her acquaintance.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span> "To the shame of the
+aristocracy and the arts," says a rigid commentator, "every day there
+were to be found at the feet of this Cyprian intruder a throng of
+princes and philosophers, authors and painters, and sculptors and
+musicians."</p>
+
+<p>Fresh tactics to get her out of Munich were then adopted. When,
+however, somebody remarked that Ludwig was old enough to be her
+grandfather, she sent him away with a flea in his ear.</p>
+
+<p>"It is ridiculous to talk like that," she said. "My Ludwig's heart is
+young. If you knew the strength of his passion, you would not credit
+him with being more than twenty!"</p>
+
+<p>As for Ludwig himself he was bombarded with anonymous letters and
+warnings, calling Lola by every evil name that occurred to the
+writers. She was La Pompadour and the Sempronia of Sallust in one, a
+"voluptuous woman," and a "flame of desire." There were also tearful
+protests from the higher clergy, who, headed by Archbishop
+Diepenbrock, were positive that the "dancing woman" was an emissary of
+Satan (sometimes they said of Lord Palmerston) sent from England to
+destroy the Catholic religion in Bavaria.</p>
+
+<p>Ludwig was curt with His Grace. "You stick to your <i>stola</i>," he said,
+"and let me stick to my Lola."</p>
+
+<p>A soft answer, perhaps; but not a very satisfactory one.</p>
+
+<p>"It is all very well for kings to have mistresses," was the opinion of
+the more broad-minded, "but they should select them from their own
+countrywomen. This one is a foreigner. Why should our hard-earned
+money be lavished on her?" The grievance was, as it happened, well
+founded, for Lola was drawing 20,000 marks a year, wrung from the
+pockets of the tax-payers.</p>
+
+<p>Baron Pechman, the Chief of Police, had a bad reception when he
+suggested that the populace might get out of control.</p>
+
+<p>"If you can't manage the mob," said Ludwig, turning on him furiously,
+"I'll get someone who can. A change of air may do you good."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[112]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The next morning the discomfited Baron Pechman found himself <i>d&eacute;gomm&eacute;</i>
+and a successor appointed to his office.</p>
+
+<p>The intrigue was too openly conducted to be "hushed up." Word of what
+was happening in Munich soon filtered through to Vienna. Queen
+Caroline-Augusta, Ludwig's sister, shook her head. "Alas," she sighed,
+"my wretched brother is always bringing fresh shame on me." She wrote
+him letters of tearful protest. They were ignored. She protested by
+word of mouth. Ludwig, in unbrotherly fashion, told her to "mind her
+own business." Caroline's next move was to take clerical counsel.
+"These creatures are always venal," said the Jesuits. "They only care
+for cash." An emissary was accordingly despatched to the Barerstrasse
+mansion, to convey an offer. Unfortunately, however, he had not
+advanced beyond "<i>Gn&auml;dige Frau, erlauben</i>," when he himself
+capitulated to Lola's charms, and returned to the Hofburg, his task
+unaccomplished. Still, he must have made out some sort of story to
+save his face, for the Princess M&eacute;lanie wrote: "Our good Senfft has
+come back. He was unable to speak to Lola Montez. The poor country of
+Bavaria is in a sad condition, which gets worse every day."</p>
+
+<p>The least disturbed individual appeared to be Queen Th&eacute;r&egrave;se. Her
+attitude was one of placidity itself. But perhaps she was, by this
+time, accustomed to the dalliance of her Ludwig along the primrose
+path. Also, she probably knew by experience that it was not the
+smallest use making a fuss. The milk was spilled. To cry over it now
+would be a wasted effort.</p>
+
+<p>The King's favourite was good "copy" for the Bavarian press; and the
+Munich journals were filled with accounts of her activities. Not in
+the least upset by their uncomplimentary references to himself, Ludwig
+instructed his librarian, Herr Lichenthaler, to collect all the
+pasquinades, lampoons, squibs, and caricatures (many of them far from
+flattering, and others verging on the indecent) that appeared and have
+them sumptuously bound. It was not long before enough had been<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[113]</a></span>
+assembled to fill half a dozen volumes. His idea was "to preserve for
+posterity all this mountain of mud, as a witness of Bavaria's shame."
+That somebody else was responsible for the "shame" did not occur to
+him.</p>
+
+<p>A choice specimen among the collection was one entitled <i>Lola Montez,
+oder Des Mench geh&ouml;rt dem K&ouml;nige</i> ("Lola Montez, or the Wench who
+belongs to the King"). There was also a scurrilous, and distinctly
+blasphemous, broadsheet, purporting to be Lola's private version of
+the Lord's Prayer:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Our Father, in whom throughout my life, I have never yet
+had much belief, all's well with me. Hallowed be thy
+name&mdash;so far as I am concerned. Thy kingdom come, that is,
+my bags of gold, my polished diamonds, and my unpolished
+Alemannia. Thy will be done, if thou wilt destroy my
+enemies. Give me this day champagne and truffles and
+pheasant, and all else that is delectable, for I have a very
+good appetite.... Lead me not into temptation to return to
+this country, for, even if I were bullet-proof, I might be
+arrested, clapped into a cage, and six francs charged for a
+peep at me. Amen!"</p></div>
+
+
+<h3>IV</h3>
+
+<p>Those were the days when gentlemen (at any rate, Bavarians) did not
+necessarily prefer blondes. Lola's raven locks were much more to their
+taste. If she were not a success in the ballet, she was certainly one
+in the boudoir. Of a hospitable and gregarious disposition, she kept
+what amounted to open house in her Barerstrasse villa. Every morning
+she held an informal lev&eacute;e there, at which any stranger who sent in
+his card was welcome to call and pay his respects; and in the
+evenings, when she was not dancing attendance on Ludwig at the Palace,
+the Barerstrasse reception would be followed by a soir&eacute;e. These
+gatherings attracted&mdash;in addition to a throng of artists and authors
+and musicians&mdash;professors and scholars from all over Europe; and, as
+Gertrude Aretz remarks, in her admirable study, <i>The Elegant Woman</i>
+(with considerable reference to this one): "the best intellects of her
+century<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[114]</a></span> helped to draw her victorious chariot." The uncultured mob,
+however, dubbed her a "Fair Impire" and a "Light o' Love," and flung
+even stronger and still more uncomplimentary epithets. Their subject,
+however, received them with a laugh. The shopkeepers, with an eye to
+business, embellished their wares with her portrait; and the
+University students, headed by Fritz Peissner, serenaded her in front
+of her windows.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0"><i>Lolita sch&ouml;n, wie Salamoni's Weiber.</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>Welch 'suszer Reis flog &uuml;ber dich dahin!</i><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>they sang in rousing chorus.</p>
+
+<p>Among the students engaged in amassing light and learning at the
+University of Munich, there were a number of foreigners. One of them
+was a young American, Charles Godfrey Leland ("Hans Breitmann"), who
+had gone there, he says, to "study &aelig;sthetics." But this did not take
+up all his time, for, during the intervals of attending classes, he
+managed to see something of Lola Montez. "I must," he says, "have had
+a great moral influence on her, for, so far as I am aware, I am the
+only friend she ever had at whom she never threw a plate or a book, or
+attacked with a dagger, poker, broom, or other deadly weapon.... I
+always had a strange and great respect for her singular talents. There
+were few, indeed, if any there, were, who really knew the depths of
+that wild Irish soul."</p>
+
+<p>In another passage Leland offers further details: "The great, the
+tremendous, celebrity at that time in Munich was also an opera dancer,
+though not on the stage. This was Lola Montez, the King's last
+favourite.... She wished to run the whole kingdom and government, kick
+out the Jesuits, and kick up the devil, generally speaking.</p>
+
+<p>"One of her most intimate friends was wont to tell her that she and I
+had many very strange characteristics in common, which we shared with
+no one else, while we differed utterly in other respects. It was very
+like both of us, for Lola, when defending the existence of the soul
+against an atheist, to tumble over a great trunk of books of the most
+varied kind,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[115]</a></span> till she came to an old vellum-bound copy of <i>Apuleius</i>,
+and proceed to establish her views according to his subtle
+neo-Platonism. But she romanced and embroidered so much in
+conversation that she did not get credit for what she really knew."</p>
+
+<p>Well, if it comes to that, Leland for his part was not above
+"romancing" and "embroidering." His books are full of these qualities.
+"Marvels," says a biographer, "fill his descriptions of student life
+at Munich. Interesting people figure in his reminiscences....
+Prominent among them was Lola Montez, the King's favourite of the day,
+cordially hated by all Munich for an interference in public affairs,
+hardly to be expected from the 'very small, pale, and thin or <i>fr&egrave;le</i>
+little person with beautiful blue eyes and curly black hair' who flits
+across the pages of the Memoirs."</p>
+
+<p>If this were Leland's real opinion of Lola's appearance, he must have
+formed it after drinking too much of the Munich beer of which he was
+so fond. He seems to have drunk a good deal at times, as he admits in
+one passage: "after the dinner and wine, I drank twelve <i>schoppens</i>."
+A dozen imperial pints would take some swallowing, and not leave the
+memory unclouded as to subsequent events.</p>
+
+
+<h3>V</h3>
+
+<p>Despite the alleged Spanish blood in her veins, Lola (with, perhaps,
+some dim stirring of memory for the far-off Montrose chapter) declared
+herself a staunch Protestant, and, like her pet bull dog, disavowed
+the Jesuits and all their works. Hence, she supported the Liberal
+Government; and, as an earnest of her intentions, started operations
+by attempting to establish contact with von Abel, the head of the
+Ultramontane Ministry. He, however, affecting to be hurt at the bare
+suggestion, would have nothing to do with the "Scarlet Woman," as he
+did not scruple to call her. Following his example, the clerical press
+redoubled their attacks. As a result, Lola decided to form an
+opposition and to have a party<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span> of her own. For this purpose she
+turned to some of the younger students, among whom she had a
+particular admirer in one Fritz Peissner. In response to her smiles,
+he, together with Count Hirschberg and a number of his friends,
+embodied themselves in a special corps, pledged to act as her
+bodyguard. Its members elected to be known as the Alemannia, and
+invited her to accept the position of <i>Ehren-Schwester</i> ("honorary
+sister"). Lola was quite agreeable, and reciprocated by setting apart
+a room in her villa where the swash-bucklers could meet. Not to be
+outdone in paying compliments, the Alemannia planted a tree in her
+garden on Christmas Day. Their distinguishing badge (which would now
+probably be a black shirt) was a red cap. As was inevitable, they were
+very soon at daggers drawn with the representatives of the other
+University Corps, who, having long-established traditions, looked upon
+the newcomers as upstarts, and fights between them were constantly
+occurring when they met in public. Altogether, Ludwig had reason to
+regret his action in transferring the University from its original
+setting at Landshut. On the other hand, Councillor Berks, a thick and
+thin champion of Lola (and not above taking her lap-dogs for an airing
+in the Hofgarten), supported the Alemannia, declaring them to be "an
+example to corrupt youth." Prince Leiningen retaliated by referring to
+him as "that wretched substitute for a minister, commonly held by
+public opinion in the deepest contempt."</p>
+
+<p>The origin of the Alemannia was a little curious. Two members of the
+Palatia Corps happened one afternoon, while peering through the
+windows of the Barerstrasse mansion, to see Lola entertaining a couple
+of their fellow-members. This they held to be "an affront to the
+honour of the Palatia," and the offenders, glorying in their conduct,
+were expelled by the committee. Thereupon, they joined with Fritz
+Peissner when he was thinking of establishing a fresh corps.</p>
+
+<p>In her new position, Lola did not forget her old friends. Feeling her
+situation with Ludwig secure, she wrote to Liszt,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[117]</a></span> offering him "the
+highest order that Bavaria could grant." He declined the suggestion,
+and sent word of her doings to Madame d'Agoult:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Apropos of this too celebrated Anglo-Spanish woman, have you
+heard that King Louis of Bavaria has demanded the sacrifice
+of her theatrical career? and that he is keeping her at
+Munich (where he has bought her a house) in the quality of a
+favourite Sultanah?</p></div>
+
+<p>Later on, he returned to the subject:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>I have been specially pleased with a couple of allusions to
+Lola and this poor Mariette; but, to be perfectly
+candid&mdash;and being afraid that you would find the subject a
+little indecorous&mdash;I began to reproach myself for having
+mentioned it to you in my last letter from Czernowitz.</p>
+
+<p>In speaking of Lola, you tell me that you defend her (which
+I do also, but not for the same reasons) because she stands
+for progress. Then, a page further on, in resuming the
+subject at Vienna, you find me very young to still believe
+in justice, not realising that, in this little circle of
+ideas and things, I represent in Europe a progressive and
+intelligent movement. "Alas! Who represents anything in
+Europe to-day?" you enquire with Bossuet.</p>
+
+<p>Well, then, Lola stands for the nineteenth century, and
+Daniel Stern stands for the woman of the ninth century; and,
+were it not for having contributed to the representation of
+others, I too shall finish by representing something else,
+by means of the 25,000 francs of income it will be necessary
+for me to end up by securing.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[118]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_IX" id="CHAPTER_IX"></a>CHAPTER IX</h2>
+
+<h3>"MA&Icirc;TRESSE DU ROI"</h3>
+
+
+<h3>I</h3>
+<div class="figleft"><img class="img1" src="images/image_28.jpg" alt="T" width="55" height="50" /></div>
+<p>he role for which Lola cast herself was that of La Pompadour to the
+Louis XV of Ludwig I. She had been a coryph&eacute;e. Now she was a
+courtesan. History was repeating itself. Like an Agnes Sorel or a Jane
+Shore before her, she held in Munich the semi-official and quite
+openly acknowledged position of the King's mistress. It is said of her
+that she was so proud of the title and all it implied, that she would
+add "Ma&icirc;tresse du Roi" to her signature when communicating with
+understrappers at the palace. Ludwig, however, thought this going too
+far, and peremptorily forbade the practice. Lola gave way. Perhaps the
+only time on record. In return, however, she advanced a somewhat
+embarrassing demand.</p>
+
+<p>"My position as a king's favourite," she said, "entitles me to the
+services of a confessor and a private chapel."</p>
+
+<p>Ludwig was quite agreeable, and instructed Count Reisach, the
+Ultramontane Archbishop of Munich, to select a priest for this
+responsible office. His Grace, however, reported that all the clergy
+in a body had protested to him that, "fearing for their virtue, they
+could not conscientiously accept the post."</p>
+
+<p>Disappointed at the rebuff, Lola herself then applied to Dr.
+Windischmann, the Vicar-General, telling him that if he would
+undertake the office she would reciprocate by securing him a
+bishopric. This dignitary, however, was not to be tempted. "Madame,"
+he said, "my confessional is in the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[119]</a></span> Church of Notre-Dame; and you can
+always go there when you want to accuse yourself of any of the
+numerous sins you have committed."</p>
+
+<p>Nor would His Eminence, the Primate of Poland, give any help. All he
+would do was to get into his carriage and set off to expostulate with
+the King. But it was a wasted effort, for Ludwig insisted that his
+relations with the conscience-stricken postulant were "nothing more
+than platonic." Thereupon, "the superior clergy announced that the
+designs of Providence were indeed inscrutable to mere mortals, but
+they trusted that His Majesty would at any rate change his mistress."
+Ludwig, however, brooking no interference with his amours, refused to
+do anything of the kind.</p>
+
+<p>"What are you thinking about?" he stormed. "How dare you hint that I
+am the man to roll myself in the mud of the gutter? My feelings for
+this lady are of the most lofty and high-minded description. If you
+drive me to extremes, heaven alone knows what will happen!"</p>
+
+<p>His Eminence met the outburst by whispering in the ear of the Bishop
+of Augsburg that the King was "possessed." As for the Bishop of
+Augsburg, he "wept every day." A leaky prelate.</p>
+
+<p>"It is a paradox," was the expert opinion of Archbishop Diepenbrock,
+"that the more shameful she is, the more beautiful is a courtesan." A
+"Day of Humiliation," with a special prayer composed by himself, was
+his suggestion for mending matters; and Madame von Kr&uuml;dener, not to be
+outdone in coming to the rescue, preached the necessity of "public
+penance." Thus taken to task, Ludwig solemnly declared in writing that
+he had "never exacted the last favours" from Lola Montez, and
+furnished the entire episcopal bench with a copy of this declaration.</p>
+
+<p>"That only makes his folly the greater," was the caustic comment of
+Canitz, who was not to be deluded by eye-wash of this description.</p>
+
+<p>With the passage of time, Lola's influence at the Palace<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[120]</a></span> grew
+stronger. Before long, it became abundantly clear to the Ministry that
+she was the real channel of approach to the King and, in fact, his
+political Egeria. "During that period," says T. Everett Harr&eacute;, "when
+she was known throughout the world as the 'Uncrowned Queen of
+Bavaria,' Lola Montez wielded a power perhaps enjoyed by no woman
+since the Empress Theodora, the circus mime and courtesan, was raised
+to imperial estate by the Emperor Justinian." Well aware of this fact,
+and much as they objected to it, the Cabinet, headed by von Abel,
+began by attempting to win her to their side. When they failed, they
+put their thick heads together, and, announcing that she was an
+emissary of Palmerston&mdash;just as La Paiva was credited with being in
+Bismarck's employ&mdash;they hinted that her room was preferable to her
+company. The hints having no effect, other measures were adopted.
+Thus, Ludwig's sister offered her a handsome sum (for the second time)
+to leave the country, and Metternich improved on it; the Bishop of
+Augsburg, drying his tears, composed another and longer special
+prayer; the Cabinet threatened to resign; and caricatures and
+scurrilous paragraphs once more appeared in Munich journals. But all
+to no purpose. Lola refused to budge. Nothing could shake her resolve,
+<i>J'y suis, j'y reste</i>, might well have been her motto.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><a name="pic_10" id="pic_10"></a>
+<img src="images/image_11.jpg" width="600" height="354" alt="Residenz Palace, Munich, in 1848. Residence of Ludwig
+I"  />
+<span class="caption">Residenz Palace, Munich, in 1848. Residence of Ludwig
+I</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>"I will leave Bavaria," she said, "when it suits me, and not before."</p>
+
+
+<h3>II</h3>
+
+<p>For ten years Ludwig had been under the thumb of the Ultramontanes and
+the clerical ministry of Carl von Abel. He was getting more than a
+little tired of the combination. The advance of Lola Montez widened
+the breach. To get rid of him, accordingly, he offered von Abel the
+appointment of Bavarian Minister at Brussels. The offer, however, was
+not accepted. Asked for his reason, von Abel said that he "wanted to
+stop where he was and keep an eye on things."</p>
+
+
+
+<p>At this date Bavaria was Catholic to a man&mdash;and a woman&mdash;and the
+Ultramontanes held the reins of government. While <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span>one would have
+been enough, they professed to have two grievances. One was the
+"political poison" of the Liberal opposition; and the other was the
+"moral perversion" of the King. In March matters came to a crisis. A
+number of University professors, headed by the rigid Lasaulx, held an
+indignation meeting in support of the Ultramontane Cabinet and "their
+efforts to espouse the cause of good morals." This activity on the
+part of a secular body was resented by the clergy, who considered that
+they, and not the University, were the official custodians of the
+public's "morals." But if it upset the clergy, it upset Ludwig still
+more; and, to mark his displeasure, he summarily dismissed four of the
+lecturers he himself had appointed. As the general body of students
+sided with them, they "demonstrated" in front of the house of Lola
+Montez, whom they held responsible.</p>
+
+<p>What began as a very ordinary disturbance soon developed into
+something serious. Tempers ran high; brickbats were thrown, and
+windows smashed; there were collisions with the police, who
+endeavoured to arrest the ringleaders; and finally the Karolinen Platz
+had to be cleared by a squadron of Cuirassiers. The Alemannia, joining
+arms, forced a passage through which Lola managed to slip to safety
+and reach the gates of the Residenz. But it was, as she said, "a near
+thing."</p>
+
+<p>The crowd relieved their feelings by breaking a few more windows; and
+a couple of Alemannia, detached from their comrades, were ducked in
+the Isar.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"<i>Vivat, Lola!</i>" bellowed one contingent.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"<i>Pereat, Lola!</i>" bellowed the opposition.</p>
+
+<p>Accounts of the disturbance filtered through to England. There they
+attracted much attention and acid criticism.</p>
+
+<p>"A lady," remarked the <i>Examiner</i>, "has overthrown the Holy Alliance
+of Southern Germany. Lola Montez, whose affecting testimony during the
+trial of those who killed Dujarier in a duel cannot but be remembered,
+was driven by that catastrophe to seek her fortunes in other realms.
+Chance<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[122]</a></span> brought her to Munich, the Sovereign of which capital has
+divided his time between poetry and the arts, gallantry and devotion."</p>
+
+<p>"What Paphian cestus," was another sour comment, "does Lola wind round
+the blade of her poniard? We all remember how much the respectable
+Juno was indebted to the bewitching girdle of a less regular fair one,
+but the properties of that talisman are still undescribed."</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Thunderer</i>, in its capacity as a European watch-dog, had its eye
+on Ludwig and his dalliance along the primrose path. Disapproval was
+registered. "The King of Bavaria," solemnly announced a leading
+article, "has entirely forgotten the duties and dignities of his
+position."</p>
+
+<p>Freiherr zu Canitz, however, who had succeeded von B&uuml;low as Minister
+for Foreign Affairs, looked upon Ludwig's lapse with more indulgence.
+"It is not," he wrote from the Wilhelmstrasse, "the first time by any
+means that kings have chosen to live with dancers. While such conduct
+is not, perhaps, strictly laudable, we can disregard it if it be
+accompanied by a certain measure of decorum. Still, a combination of
+ruler-ship and dalliance with a vagrant charmer is a phenomenon that
+is as much out of place as is an attempt to govern a country by
+writing sonnets."</p>
+
+<p>Availing herself of what was then, as now, looked upon as a natural
+safety-valve, Lola herself wrote to the <i>Times</i>, giving her own
+version of these happenings:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>I left Paris in June last on a professional trip; and, among
+other arrangements, decided upon visiting Munich where, for
+the first time, I had the honour of appearing before His
+Majesty and receiving from him marks of appreciation, which
+is not a very unusual thing for a professional person to
+receive at a foreign Court.</p>
+
+<p>I had not been here a week before I discovered that there
+was a plot existing in the town to get me out of it, and
+that the party was the Jesuit Party.... When they saw<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[123]</a></span> that
+I was not likely to leave them, they tried what bribery
+would do; and actually offered me 50,000 fcs. a year if I
+would quit Bavaria and promise never to return. This, as you
+may imagine, opened my eyes; and, as I indignantly refused
+their offer, they have since not left a stone unturned to
+get rid of me.... Within this last week a Jesuit professor
+of philosophy at the university here, named Lasaulx, was
+removed. Thereupon, the party paid and hired a mob to insult
+me and break the windows of my house.</p>
+
+<p>... Knowing that your columns are always open to protect
+anyone unjustly accused, and more especially when that one
+is an unprotected female, makes me rely upon you for the
+insertion of this; and I have the honour to subscribe
+myself, your obliged servant,</p></div>
+
+<p class="sig2"><span class="smcap">Lola Montez.</span></p>
+
+<p>A couple of weeks later Printing House Square was favoured with a
+second epistle:</p>
+
+<p class="sig4"><i>To the Editor of "The Times."</i></p>
+
+<p class="sig2"><span class="smcap">Munich</span>,</p>
+
+<p class="sig1"><i>March 31.</i></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Sir</span>:&mdash;In consequence of the numerous reports circulated in
+various papers regarding myself and family, I beg of you,
+through the medium of your widely circulated journal, to
+insert the following:</p>
+
+<p>I was born at Seville in the year 1833; my father was a
+Spanish officer in the service of Don Carlos; my mother, a
+lady of Irish extraction, born at the Havannah, and married
+to an Irish gentleman, which, I suppose, is the cause of my
+being called sometimes Irish and sometimes English, and
+"Betsy Watson," and "Mrs. James," etc.</p>
+
+<p>I beg leave to say that my name is Maria Dolores Porres
+Montez, and I have never changed that name.</p>
+
+<p>As for my theatrical qualifications, I never had the
+presumption to think I had any. Circumstances obliged<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[124]</a></span> me to
+adopt the stage as a profession, which profession I have now
+renounced for ever, having become a naturalised Bavarian,
+and intending in future making Munich my residence.</p>
+
+<p class="sig3">Trusting that you will give this insertion, I have the
+honour to remain, Sir,</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="sig">Your obedient servant,</p>
+
+<p class="sig2"><span class="smcap">Lola Montez</span>.</p>
+
+<p>The assumption that she had ever been known as "Betsy Watson" was due
+to the fact that she was said at one period to have lived under this
+name in Dublin, "protected there by an Irishman of rank and fortune."
+With regard to the rest of the letter, this was much the same as the
+one she had circulated after her London fiasco. It was very far from
+being well founded. Still, she had repeated this story so often that
+she had probably come to believe in it herself.</p>
+
+<p>As <i>The Times</i> at that period was not read in Munich to any great
+extent, Lola, wanting a larger public, sent a letter to the
+<i>Allegemeine Zeitung</i>. This, she thought, would secure her a measure
+of sympathy not accorded her elsewhere:</p>
+
+<p>"I object to being made a target for countless malicious
+attacks&mdash;public and private, written and printed&mdash;some whispered in
+secret, and others uttered to the world. I therefore now stigmatise as
+a wicked liar and perverter of the truth any individual who shall,
+without proving it, disseminate any report to my detriment."</p>
+
+<p>The letter was duly published. The attacks, however, did not end. On
+the contrary, they redoubled in virulence. All sorts of fresh charges
+were brought against her. Many of them were quite unfounded, and
+deliberately ignored much that might have been put to her credit. Lola
+had not done nearly as much harm as some of Ludwig's lights o' love.
+Her predecessors, however, had made themselves subservient to the
+Jesuits and clericals. When her friends sent protests to the editor,
+refuge was taken in the stereotyped reply:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[125]</a></span> "pressure on our space
+does not permit us to continue this correspondence."</p>
+
+<p>By those who wished her ill, any stick was good enough with which to
+beat Lola Montez. Thus, when a dignitary died&mdash;no matter what the
+medical diagnosis&mdash;it was announced in the gutter press that he died
+of "grief, caused by the national shame." The alleged last words of a
+certain politician were declared to be: "I die because I cannot
+continue living under the orders of a strumpet who rules our dear
+Bavaria as if she were a princess." Ludwig took it calmly. "The real
+trouble with this poor fellow," he said, "is that he never experienced
+the revivifying effects of the love of a beautiful woman." A popular
+prescription. The local doctors, however, were coy about recommending
+it to their patients.</p>
+
+<p>That the Munich disturbances had an aftermath is clear from a news
+item that appeared in the <i>Cologne Gazette</i> of July, 3, 1847. Lola,
+wanting a change of air and scene, had gone on a tour, travelling
+<i>incognita</i> and without any escort. Still, as she was to discover, it
+was impossible for her to move without being recognised:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>According to letters from Bavaria, it is obvious that the
+animosities excited against Lola Montez earlier in the year
+are far from having subsided. On passing through Nuremberg,
+she was received with coldness, but decency. At Bamberg,
+however, it was very different. At the railway station she
+was hissed and hooted, and, stones being thrown at her
+carriage, she presented her pistols and threatened to punish
+her assailants. The upper classes were thoroughly ashamed of
+such excesses; and the chief magistrate has been instructed
+to appoint a deputation of the leading citizens to apologise
+to Mademoiselle.</p></div>
+
+<p>In a letter to his brother, dated July 7, 1847, a University student
+says: "Lola Montez was near being assassinated three days ago," but he
+gives no particulars. Hence, it was probably gossip picked up in a
+beer hall.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[126]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<h3>III</h3>
+
+<p>A grievance felt by Lola was that she was not accorded recognition
+among the aristocracy. But there was an obvious remedy. This was to
+grant her a coronet. After all, historic examples were to hand by the
+dozen. In modern times the mistress of Frederick William III had been
+made a duchess. Hence, Lola felt that she should be at least a
+countess.</p>
+
+<p>"What special services have you rendered Bavaria?" bluntly demanded
+the minister to whom she first advanced the suggestion.</p>
+
+<p>"If nothing else, I have given the King many happy days," was Lola's
+response.</p>
+
+<p>Curiosity was then exhibited as to whether she was sufficiently
+<i>hoch-geboren</i>, or not. The applicant herself had no doubts on the
+subject. Her father, Ensign Gilbert, she said, had the blood of
+C&oelig;ur-de-Lion in his veins, and her mother's ancestors were among
+the Council of the Inquisition.</p>
+
+<p>When the matter was referred to him, Ludwig was sympathetic and
+readily promised his help. But as she was a foreigner, she would, he
+pointed out, have to start by becoming naturalised as a Bavarian
+subject; and, under the constitution, the necessary indigenate
+certificate must bear the signature of a Cabinet Minister. For this
+purpose, and never thinking that the slightest difficulty would be
+advanced, he had one drawn up and sent to Count Otto von Steinberg.
+Much to his annoyance and surprise, however, that individual,
+"suddenly developing conscientious objections," excused himself.
+Thereupon, von Abel, as head of the Government, was instructed to
+secure another signature.</p>
+
+<p>"Do not worry. It will be settled to-morrow," announced Ludwig, when
+Lola enquired the reason of the hitch.</p>
+
+<p>He was, however, speaking without his book. The Ministry, Ultramontane
+to a man, could swallow a good deal, in order to retain their
+portfolios (and salaries), but this, they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[127]</a></span> felt, was asking too much
+of them. In unctuous terms, and taking refuge in offended virtue, they
+declared they would resign, rather than countenance the grant of
+Bavarian nationality for "the foreign woman." Neither pressure nor
+threats would shake them. Ludwig could do what he pleased; and they
+would do what they pleased.</p>
+
+<p>The manifesto in which the Cabinet's decision was delivered is little
+short of an historic document:</p>
+
+<p class="sig"><span class="smcap">Munich.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig2"><i>February 11, 1847.</i></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Sir: Public life has its moments when those entrusted by
+their Sovereign with the proper conduct of public affairs
+have to make their choice between renouncing the duties to
+which they are pledged by loyalty and devotion, and, by
+discharging those duties in conscientious fashion, incurring
+the displeasure of their beloved Sovereign. We, the faithful
+servants of Your Majesty, have now found ourselves in this
+situation owing to the decision to grant Bavarian
+nationality to Senora Lola Montez. As we cannot forget the
+duties that our oath compels us to observe, we cannot flinch
+in our resolve....</p>
+
+<p>It is abundantly clear that reverence for the Throne is
+becoming weakened in the minds of your subjects; and little
+is now heard in all directions but blame and disapproval.
+National sentiment is wounded, because the country considers
+itself to be under the dominion of a foreign woman of evil
+reputation. The obvious facts are such that it is impossible
+to adopt any other view.... The public journals print the
+most shocking anecdotes, together with the most degrading
+attacks on your Royal Majesty. As a sample of this, we
+append a copy of No. 5 of the <i>Ulner Chronic</i>. The vigilance
+of the police is powerless to check the circulation of these
+journals, and they are read everywhere.... Not only is the
+Government being jeopardised,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[128]</a></span> but also the very existence
+of the Crown. Hence, the delight of such as wish ill to the
+Throne, and the anguish of such as are loyal to Your
+Majesty. The fidelity of the army, too, is threatened. Ere
+long, the forces of the Crown will become a prey to profound
+disaffection; and where could we look for help, should this
+occur and this last bulwark totter?</p>
+
+<p>The hearts of the undersigned loyal and obedient servants
+are torn with grief. This statement they submit to you is
+not one of visionaries. It is the melancholy result of
+observations made by them during the exercise of their
+functions for several months past. Each of the undersigned
+is ready and willing to surrender everything to his
+Sovereign. They have given you repeated proofs of their
+fidelity; and it is now nothing less than their sacred duty
+to direct the attention of your Majesty to the dangers
+confronting him. Our humble prayer, to which we beg you to
+listen, is not governed by any desire to run counter to your
+Royal will. It is put forward solely with a view to ending a
+condition of affairs which is inimical to the well-being and
+happiness of a beloved monarch. Should, however, your
+Majesty not think fit to grant their petition, we, your
+Ministers, will then have no alternative but to tender the
+resignation of the portfolios with which you have entrusted
+them.</p></div>
+
+<p>The signatories to this precious "manifesto" were von Abel, von
+Gumpenberg (Minister of War), von Schrenk, and von Seinsheim
+(Councillors of State). Much to their hurt astonishment, their
+resignations were accepted. Nor was there any lack of candidates for
+the vacant portfolios. Ludwig, prompted by Lola, filled up the gaps at
+once. Georg von Maurer (who reciprocated by signing her certificate of
+naturalisation) was appointed Minister of Justice and Foreign Affairs,
+and Freiherr Friederich zu Rhein was the new Minister of Public
+Worship and Finance.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[129]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The students, not prepared to let slip a chance of asserting
+themselves, paraded the streets with a fresh song:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0"><i>Da kam Senorra Lolala,</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>Sturzt Abel und Consorten;</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>Ach war sie doch jetz wieder da,</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>Und jagte fort den&mdash;&mdash;</i><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Despite the fact that he was indebted for his appointment to her,
+Maurer attempted to snub Lola and refused to speak to her the next
+time they met. For his pains, he found himself, in December, 1847,
+dismissed from office. There was, however, joy in the ranks of the
+clerical party, for, to their horror, he happened to be a Protestant.</p>
+
+<p>"I have now a new ministry, and there are no more Jesuits in Bavaria,"
+announced Ludwig with much complacence. As was his custom when a
+national crisis occurred, he was also delivered of a sonnet,
+commencing:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">You who have wished to hold me in thrall, tremble!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Greatly do I esteem the important affair<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which has ever on divested you of your power!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>But the fallen ministers had the sympathy of Vienna. Count Senfft, the
+Austrian envoy at Munich, gave a banquet in their honour. Lola
+reported this to Ludwig, and Ludwig gave Senfft his <i>cong&eacute;</i>.</p>
+
+<p>What had annoyed the Wittelsbach Lovelace more than anything else
+about the business was that the memorandum in which von Abel and his
+colleagues had expressed their candid opinion of Lola Montez found its
+way into the <i>Augsburger Zeitung</i> and a number of Paris journals. This
+was regarded by him as a breach of confidence. Enquiries revealed the
+fact that von Abel's sister had been surreptitiously shown a copy of
+the document, and, not prepared to keep such a tit-bit of gossip to
+herself, had disclosed its contents to a reporter. After this, the
+fat, so to speak, was in the fire; and nothing that Ludwig could do
+could prevent the affair becoming public property. As a result, it
+formed the basis of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[130]</a></span> innumerable articles in the press of Europe, and
+the worst possible construction was put on it.</p>
+
+<p>The erudite Dr. D&ouml;llinger, between whom and Lola Montez no love was
+lost, was much upset by the situation and wrote a long letter on the
+subject:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>The existing ministry were fully awake to the encroachments
+of the notorious Lola Montez; and in view of the destruction
+which menaced both the throne and the country, they secretly
+resolved to address a petition to Ludwig I, humbly praying
+him to dismiss his favourite, and setting forth the grounds
+on which they based their request.</p>
+
+<p>Rumours of this business soon got afloat. People began to
+whisper; and one fine day a sister of one of the ministers,
+goaded by curiosity, discovered the petition. She imparted
+the news in the strictest confidence to her most intimate
+friends; and they, in their turn, secretly read the
+memorial, with the result that, some time after the
+important document had been safely restored to its
+hiding-place, its contents appeared, nobody knew how, in the
+newspapers.</p>
+
+<p>The panic of the ministers was great; the King's displeasure
+was still greater. He suspected treachery, and considered
+the publication of such a petition treasonable.
+Remonstrances were of no avail; the ministers were
+dismissed, and their adherents fled in every direction. I,
+who had been nominated a member of the Chamber by the
+University, but against my will, had to resign office at the
+bidding of the King. His Majesty was greatly incensed, and
+meanwhile the excited populace were assembling in crowds
+before the house of Lola Montez.</p></div>
+
+<p>D&ouml;llinger was a difficult man to cross. He had doubts&mdash;serious
+doubts&mdash;concerning a number of matters. Among them was one of the
+infallibility of the Pope. What was more, he was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[131]</a></span> daring enough to
+express these doubts. The wrath of the Vatican could only be appeased
+by ex-communicating him from the Church. He, however, added to his
+contumacy by surviving until his ninety-second year.</p>
+
+
+<h3>IV</h3>
+
+<p>Appreciating on which side its bread was buttered, the new ministry
+had no qualms as to the eligibility of Lola Montez for the honour of a
+coronet in the Bavarian peerage. This having been granted her, the
+next step was to select a suitable territorial title.</p>
+
+<p>Ludwig ran an exploring finger down the columns of a gazetteer. There
+he saw two names, Landshut and Feldberg, that struck him as
+suggestive. Combined, they made up Landsfeld. Nothing could be better.</p>
+
+<p>"I have it," he said. "Countess of Landsfeld, I salute you!"</p>
+
+<p>Thereupon the Court archivist was instructed to prepare the necessary
+document:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"We, Ludwig, King of Bavaria, etc., hereby make public to
+all concerned that We have resolved to raise Maria von
+Porres and Montez, of noble Spanish descent, to the dignity
+of Countess of Landsfeld of this Our kingdom. Whilst we
+impart to her the dignity of a Countess, with all the
+rights, honours and prerogatives connected therewith, it is
+Our desire that she have and enjoy the following escutcheon
+on a German four-quartered shield: In the first field, red,
+an upright white sword with golden handle; in the second,
+blue, a golden-crowned lion rampant; the third, blue, a
+silver dolphin; and in the fourth, white, a pale red rose.
+This shield shall be surmounted by the coronet of a
+Countess.</p>
+
+<p>"Be this notified to all the authorities and to Our subjects
+in general, with a view to not only recognising the said
+Maria as Countess of Landsfeld, but also<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[132]</a></span> to supporting her
+in that dignity; and it is Our will that whoever shall act
+contrary to these provisions shall be summoned by Our
+Attorney-General and there and then be condemned to make
+public and private atonement.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a name="pic_11" id="pic_11"></a>
+<img src="images/image_12.jpg" width="500" height="772" alt="&quot;Command&quot; Portrait. In the &quot;Gallery of Beauties,&quot;
+Munich"  />
+<span class="caption">&quot;Command&quot; Portrait. In the &quot;Gallery of Beauties,&quot;
+Munich</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>"For Our confirmation of the above we have affixed Our royal
+name to this document and placed on it the seal of Our
+kingdom.</p>
+
+<p>"Given at Aschaffensberg, this 14th of August, in the 1847th
+year after the birth of Christ, our Lord, and in the 22nd
+year of Our Government."</p></div>
+
+<p>This did not miss the eagle eye of <i>Punch</i>, in whose columns appeared
+a caustic reference:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The armorial bearings of the new <span class="smcap">Countess of Landsfeld</span>, the
+ex-<i>coryph&eacute;e</i> of Her Majesty's Theatre, have been designed,
+but we think they are hardly so appropriate as they might
+have been. We have therefore made some slight modifications
+of the original, which we hope will prove satisfactory."</p></div>
+
+<p>The suggested "modifications" were to substitute a parasol for the
+sword, a bulldog for the lion, and a pot of rouge for the rose. Were
+such an adjunct of the toilet table then in existence, a lipstick
+would probably have been added.</p>
+
+
+<h3>V</h3>
+
+<p>With her title and heraldic honours complete, plus a generous
+allowance on which to support them, and a palace in which to live,
+Lola Montez cut a very considerable dash in Munich. Two sentries
+marched up and down in front of her gate, and two mounted orderlies
+(instead of one, as had previously been the case) accompanied her
+whenever she left the house in the Barerstrasse.</p>
+
+<p>While by far the most important of them, Ludwig was not by any means
+the only competitor for Lola's favours. Men of wealth and
+position&mdash;the bearers of high-sounding titles&mdash;with politicians and
+place-hunters, fluttered round her. It is to her credit that she sent
+them about their business.</p>
+
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[133]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"The peculiar relations existing between the King of Bavaria and the
+Countess of Landsfeld," remarked an apologist, "are not of a coarse or
+vulgar character. His Majesty has a highly developed poetic mind, and
+thus sees his favourite through his imagination, and regards her with
+affectionate respect."</p>
+
+<p>This found a responsive echo in another quarter, and some sharp raps
+on the knuckles were administered to the Bavarian moralists by a Paris
+journal:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Why do you interfere with the amours of your good Ludwig?
+We don't say he should not have observed rather more
+discretion or have avoided compromising his dignity. Still,
+a monarch, like a simple citizen, is surely free to love
+where he pleases. In selecting Lola Montez, the amorous
+Ludwig proves that he loves equality and, as a true
+democrat, can identify himself with the public. Let him
+espouse his servant girl, if he wants to. Personally, we
+would rather see the Bavarians excite themselves about their
+constitution than about the banishment of a royal favourite.
+The King of Bavaria turns his mistress into a Countess; his
+subjects refuse to recognise her; and a section of the
+students clamour for her head. Happy days of Montespan, of
+Pompadour, of Dubarry, of Potemkin, of Orloff, where have
+you gone?"</p></div>
+
+<p>In the summer of 1847 the Paris Courts were occupied with a long
+outstanding claim against Lola Montez. This was to the effect that,
+when she was appearing at the Porte St. Martin, she had run up a bill
+for certain intimate undergarments and had neglected to settle the
+account. The result was, she received a solicitor's letter in Munich.
+She answered it in the following terms:</p>
+
+<p class="sig"><span class="smcap">Munich</span>,</p>
+
+<p class="sig2"><i>September 25, 1847.</i></p>
+
+<p class="sig4"><span class="smcap">Monsieur Bloque</span>,</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>As I have never given any orders to Messrs. Hamon and
+Company, tailors, rue de Helder, they have no claim on me;
+and I am positively compelled to repudiate<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[134]</a></span> the bill for
+1371 francs which you have the effrontery to demand in the
+name of this firm.</p>
+
+<p>Last spring Monsieur Leigh made me a present of a
+riding-habit and certain other articles which he ordered for
+me, and I consider that it is to him you should now address
+yourself.</p></div>
+
+<p class="sig">Accept, Monsieur, etc.,</p>
+
+<p class="sig2"><span class="smcap">Countess de Landsfeld.</span></p>
+
+<p>Not being prepared to accept this view, the Paris firm's next step was
+to bring an action for the recovery of the alleged debt. Once more,
+Lola repudiated liability, this time on the grounds that the creditors
+had kept back some dress material belonging to herself. The defence to
+this charge was that, "on being informed by their representative that
+real ladies could not wear such common stuff, she had said she did not
+want it back." The court, however, held that the debt had been
+incurred; and, "as she considered it beneath her dignity to appear,
+either in person or by counsel," judgment for 2,500 francs was given
+against her.</p>
+
+<p>Count Bernstorff, a not particularly brilliant diplomatist, had an
+idea (shared, by the way, with a good many others) that Frederick
+William IV, King of Prussia, was at one time under Lola's spell. He
+was allowed to think so by reason of a letter that the King had sent
+him from Sans Souci in the autumn of 1847:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"I am charging you, my dear Count, with a commission, the
+performance of which demands a certain degree of that
+measure of delicacy which I recognise you to possess. The
+commission is somewhat beyond the accepted limits of what is
+purely diplomatic in character.... It is a matter of handing
+a certain trinket to a certain lady. The trinket is of
+little value, but, from causes you will be able to
+appreciate, the lady's favour is of very high value to
+myself. All depends on the manner in which the gift is
+presented. This should be sufficiently flattering to
+increase the value of the offering and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[135]</a></span> to cause its
+unworthiness to be overlooked. My acquaintance with the
+lady, and my respect for her, should be adroitly described
+and made the most of, as must also be my desire to be
+remembered at her hands.</p>
+
+<p>"You will, of course, immediately perceive that I am
+alluding to Donna Maria de Dolores de los Montez, Countess
+of Landsfeld."</p></div>
+
+<p>It was not until he turned over the page that the horror-struck
+Bernstorff saw that the King was playing a characteristic jest on him;
+and he realised that the intended recipient of the gift was his wife,
+the Countess von Bernstorff, "as a souvenir of my gratitude for the
+many agreeable hours passed under your hospitable roof last month."</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[136]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_X" id="CHAPTER_X"></a>CHAPTER X</h2>
+
+<h3>BURSTING OF THE STORM</h3>
+
+
+<h3>I</h3>
+<div class="figleft"><img class="img1" src="images/image_28.jpg" alt="T" width="55" height="50" /></div>
+<p>he beauty of Lola Montez was a lever. As such, it disturbed the
+equilibrium of the Cabinet; for the time being, it even checked the
+dominion of Rome. But the odds were against her. The Jesuits were
+still a power, and would not brook any interference.</p>
+
+<p>Metternich's wife, the Princess M&eacute;lanie, who had the family <i>flair</i>
+for politics, marked the course of events.</p>
+
+<p>"Lola Montes," she wrote, "has actually been created Countess of
+Landsfeld. She is really a member of the Radical Party.... Rechberg,
+who has just arrived from Brazil, was alarmed on his journey at Munich
+by the events of which this town is the theatre. The shocking conduct
+of Lola Montes will finish by plunging the country into revolution."</p>
+
+<p>This was looking ahead. Still, not very far ahead. The correspondent
+of a London paper in the Bavarian capital did not mince his words.
+"The indignation," he wrote, "against the King on account of his
+scandalous conduct, has been roused to the highest pitch.... King
+Ludwig, who possesses many good qualities, is, unfortunately, a very
+licentious old man.... Neither the tears of the Queen, nor the
+entreaties of his sons, nor the public's indignation, could influence
+the old monarch, who has become the slave of his silly passion and of
+the caprices of a Spanish dancer and Parisian lorette."</p>
+
+<p>Once more, Ludwig "dropped into verse," and relieved his feelings
+about his enemies. This time, however, the verse was blank:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">You have driven me from my Paradise,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">You have closed it for ever with iron grilles.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">You have turned my days into bitterness.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">You would even like to make me hate you<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Because I have loved too much to please your withered spirits.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The perfume of my spring-time is dissipated,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But my courage still remains.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Youth, always bounding in my dreams, rests there,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Embracing my heart with fresh force!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">You who would like to see me covered with shame,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Tremble!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">You have committed sins against me and vomited injuries.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Your wicked acts have judged you.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There has never been anything to equal them!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Already the clouds disappear;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The storm passes;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The sky lights up;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I bless the dawn.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ungrateful worms, creep back to your darkness!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>There were repercussions across the Atlantic, where the role played by
+Lola Montez in Bavarian circles was arousing considerable interest.
+American women saw in it a message of encouragement for the
+aspirations they themselves were cherishing. "The moral indignation
+which her political opponents exhibited," said a leading jurist, "was
+unfortunately a mere sham. They had not only tolerated, but had
+actually patronised, a female who formerly held the equivocal position
+which the Countess of Landsfeld recently held, because the former made
+herself subservient to the then dominant party."</p>
+
+<p>But, just as Lola had staunch friends in Munich, so had she pronounced
+enemies. Conspicuous among them was Johann G&ouml;rres, a leading
+Ultramontane who held the position of professor of history at the
+University. He could not say anything strong enough against the King's
+mistress, and did all he could to upset her influence with him. As he
+had a "following," some measure of success attended his efforts. It
+was on his death, in January 1848, that matters came to a head. The<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[138]</a></span>
+rival factions dividing the various students' corps made his funeral
+the occasion of a free fight among themselves. The mob joined in, and
+clamoured for the dismissal of the "Andalusian Woman." A hothead
+suggested that she should be driven from the town. The cry was taken
+up, and a rush set in towards her house in the Barerstrasse. As there
+was an agreeable prospect of loot, half the scum of the city swelled
+the mob. Bricks were hurled through the windows; and, until the police
+arrived, things began to look ugly.</p>
+
+<p>Lola, as cool as a cucumber, appeared on the balcony, a glass of
+champagne in one hand, and a box of chocolates in the other.</p>
+
+<p>"I drink to your good healths," she said contemptuously, as she
+drained her glass and tossed bon-bons among the crowd.</p>
+
+<p>Not appreciating this gesture, or regarding it as an impertinence, the
+temper of the rabble grew threatening. They shouted vulgar insults;
+and there was talk of battering in the doors and setting the house on
+fire. This might have happened, had not Ludwig himself, who never
+lacked personal courage, plunged into the throng and, offering Lola
+his arm, escorted her to the Residenz.</p>
+
+<p>The disturbances continued, for tempers had reached fever pitch.
+Troops hastily summoned from the nearest barracks patrolled the
+streets. A furious crowd assembled in front of the Rathaus; the
+burgomaster, fearing for his position, talked of reading the Riot Act;
+a number of arrests were made; and it was not until the next afternoon
+that the coast was sufficiently clear for Lola to return to the
+Barerstrasse, triumphantly escorted by some members of the Alemannia.
+When, however, they left her there, they were set upon by detachments
+of the Palatia Corps, who still cherished a grudge against them.</p>
+
+<p>Lola's own account of these happenings, and written as if by a
+detached onlooker, is picturesque, if somewhat imaginative:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"They came with cannons and guns and swords, with the voices
+of ten thousand devils, and surrounded her little castle.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[139]</a></span>
+Against the entreaties of her friends, she presented herself
+before the infuriated mob which demanded her life.... A
+thousand guns were pointed at her, and a hundred fat and
+apoplectic voices fiercely demanded that she should cause
+the repeal of what she had done. In language of great
+mildness&mdash;for it was no time to scold&mdash;she answered that it
+was impossible for her to accede to such a request; and that
+what had been done by her had been done for the good of the
+people and the honour of Bavaria."</p></div>
+
+<p>After this "demonstration," there was a calm. But not for long. On the
+evening of February 10, a rabble assembled in front of the Palace,
+raising cries of: "Down with Lola Montez!" "Down with the King's
+strumpet!" As the protestors consisted largely of students (whom
+Thiersch, the rector, being no disciplinarian, could not keep in
+check), Ludwig's response was drastic. He ordered the University to be
+shut, and all its members who did not live in Munich to leave the town
+within twenty-four hours. This was a tactical blunder, and was in
+great measure responsible for the more serious repercussions of the
+following month. Apart, too, from other considerations, the edict hit
+the pockets of the local tradesmen, since the absence of a couple of
+thousand hungry and thirsty customers had an adverse effect on the
+consumption of sauerkraut and beer.</p>
+
+<p>As she was still "news" in Paris, a gossiping columnist suggested her
+return there:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Lola Montez laments the Notre-Dame de Lorette district, the
+joyous little supper-parties at the Caf&eacute; Anglais, and the
+theatrical first nights viewed from stage boxes. "Ah," she
+must reflect, as she looks upon her coronet trodden
+underfoot and hears the sinister murmurs of the Munich mob,
+"how delightful Paris would be this evening! What a grand
+success I would be in the new ballet at the Opera or at a
+ball at the Winter Garden!" Alas, my poor Lola, your whip is
+broken; your prestige<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[140]</a></span> is gone; you have lost your talisman.
+Do not battle against the jealous Bavarians. Come back to
+Paris, instead. If the Porte St. Martin won't have you, you
+can always rejoin the corps de ballet at the Opera.</p></div>
+
+<p>Lola, however, did not accept the invitation. She was virtually a
+prisoner in her own house, where, the next afternoon, a furious
+gathering assembled, threatening to wreak vengeance on her. Never
+lacking a high measure of courage, she appeared on the balcony and
+told them to do their worst. They did it and attempted to effect an
+entrance by breaking down the door. But for the action of the
+Alemannia, rallying to her help, she might have been severely handled.</p>
+
+<p>One of her bodyguard managed to make his way to the nearest barracks
+and summon assistance. Thereupon, the bugles rang out the alarm; the
+drums beat a warning call. In response, a squadron of Cuirassiers
+clattered up the Barerstrasse; sabres rattled; and the rioters fled
+precipitously.</p>
+
+<p>Prince Wallerstein, who combined the office of Minister of Public
+Worship with that of Treasurer of the Royal Household, leaping into
+the breach, harangued the mob; and Prince Vrede, a strong adherent to
+the "whiff of grapeshot" remedy for a disturbance, suggested firing on
+the ringleaders. Although the suggestion was not accepted, hundreds of
+arrests were made before some semblance of order was restored. But the
+rioting was only checked temporarily. A couple of days later it
+started afresh. The temper of the troops being upset, Captain Bauer (a
+young officer whom Lola had patronised) took it upon himself to give
+them the word to charge. Sabres flashed, and there were many broken
+heads and a good deal of bloodshed.</p>
+
+<p>The Alemannia, thinking discretion the better part of valour,
+barricaded themselves in the restaurant of one Herr Rothmanner, where
+they fortified themselves with vast quantities of beer. Becoming
+quarrelsome, their leader, Count Hirschberg, drew his sword and was
+threatened with arrest by a schutzmannschaft. Thereupon, his comrades
+sent word to Lola. She answered the call, and rushed to the house.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[141]</a></span> It
+was a characteristic, but mad, gesture, for she was promptly
+recognised and pursued by a furious mob. Nobody would give her
+sanctuary; and the Swiss Guards on duty there shut the doors of the
+Austrian Legation in her face. Thereupon, she fled to the Theatiner
+Church, where she took refuge. But she did not stop there long; and,
+for her own safety, a military escort arrived to conduct her to the
+main guard-room. As soon as the coast was comparatively clear, she was
+smuggled out by a back entrance and making her way on foot to the
+Barerstrasse, hid in the garden.</p>
+
+<p>In the meantime fresh attempts were being made to storm her house.
+Suddenly, a figure, dishevelled and bare-headed, appeared on the
+threshold and confronted the rioters.</p>
+
+<p>"You are behaving like a pack of vulgar blackguards," he exclaimed,
+"and not like true Bavarians at all. I give you my word, the house is
+empty. Leave it in peace."</p>
+
+<p>A gallant gesture, and a last act of homage to the building that had
+sheltered the woman he loved. The mob, recognising the speaker,
+uncovered instinctively. <i>Heil, unserm K&ouml;nig, Heil!</i> they shouted. A
+chorus swelled; the troops presented arms.</p>
+
+<p>"It is an orgy of ingratitude," said Ludwig, as he watched the rabble
+dancing with glee before the house. "The Jesuits are responsible. If
+my Lola had been called Loyala, she could still have stopped here."</p>
+
+<p>To Dr. Stahl, Bishop of Wurzburg, who had criticised his conduct, he
+addressed himself more strongly. "Should a single hair of one I hold
+dear to me be injured," he informed that prelate, "I shall exhibit no
+mercy."</p>
+
+<p>Palmerston, who stood no nonsense from anybody, wrote a very snappy
+letter to Sir John Milbanke, British Minister at Munich:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Pray tell Prince Wallerstein that, if he wishes the British
+and Bavarian Governments to be on good terms, he will
+abstain from any attempt to interfere with our diplomatic
+arrangements, as such attempts on his part are as offensive
+as they will be fruitless."</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<h3>II</h3>
+
+<p>As Ludwig had said, the Barerstrasse nest was empty, for its occupant
+had managed to slip out of it and reach Lindeau. From there, on
+February 23, she wrote a long letter to a friend in England, giving a
+somewhat highly coloured (and not altogether accurate) version of
+these happenings:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>In the morning, the nobles, with Count A.&mdash;V&mdash;[Arco Valley]
+and a number of officers, were mixed up with the commonest
+people. The Countess P [Preysing] I saw myself, with other
+women&mdash;I cannot call them <i>ladies</i>&mdash;actually at their head.
+Hearing that the entire city&mdash;with nobles, officers, and
+countesses&mdash;were making for my residence, I looked upon
+myself as already out of the land of the living. I had all
+my windows shuttered, and hid all my jewels; and then,
+having a clear conscience and a firm trust in God, calmly
+awaited my fate. The ruffians, egged on by a countess and a
+baroness, had stones, sticks, axes, and firearms, all to
+frighten and kill one poor inoffensive woman! They
+positively clamoured for my blood.</p>
+
+<p>I must tell you that all my faithful and devoted servants,
+with some others of my real friends, were in the house with
+me. I begged them to leave by the garden, but they said,
+poor fellows, they would die for me.</p>
+
+<p>... Seeing the eminent danger of my friends, and not
+thinking of myself, I ordered my carriage while the
+blackguards were endeavouring to break down the gates. My
+good George, the coachman, helped me to rush through the
+door and we set off at a furious gallop. Many pistol shots
+were fired at me, but I was in God's care and avoided the
+bullets.</p>
+
+<p>My escape was most miraculous. At a distance of two hours
+from Munich I left my carriage and in Bluthenberg sought the
+protection of a brave honest man, by whom I was given
+shelter. Presently, some officers galloped up<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[143]</a></span> and demanded
+me. My benefactor declared I was not there, and his
+daughters said my carriage had passed. When they were gone,
+his good wife helped me to dress as a peasant girl, and I
+rushed out of the house, across fields, ditches, and
+forests. Being so well disguised, I resolved to return to
+Munich. It was a dreadful spectacle. The Palace blockaded;
+buildings plundered; and anarchy in all directions. Seeing
+nothing but death if I stopped there, I left for Lindeau,
+from whence I am writing to you.</p>
+
+<p>... Count Arco Valley has been distributing money like dirt
+to all classes, and the priests have stirred up the mob.
+Nobody is safe in Munich. The good, noble King has told
+everyone he will never leave me. Of that he is quite
+determined. The game is not up. I shall, till death, stick
+to the King; but God knows what will happen next.</p>
+
+<p>I forgot to tell you that my enemies have announced in the
+German papers that the students are my <i>lovers</i>! They could
+not credit them with the loyal devotion they have ever had
+for the King and myself.</p></div>
+
+<p class="sig"><span class="smcap">Marie de Landsfeld.</span></p>
+
+<p>Writing in his diary on March 14, 1848, Frederick Cavendish, a budding
+diplomatist, whom Palmerston had appointed as attach&eacute; at Vienna,
+remarks:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"There has been the devil of a disturbance in Munich; and
+the King's mistress, Lola Montez, has been forced to fly for
+her life. She has been the curse of Bavaria, yet the King is
+still infatuated with her."</p></div>
+
+<p>Scarcely diplomatic language. Still, not far from the truth.</p>
+
+<p>A rigorous press censorship was exercised. The Munich papers had to
+print what they were told, and nothing else. As a result, an inspired
+article appeared in the <i>Allegemeine Zeitung</i>, of Augsburg, declaring
+that the Ultramontanes were responsible for the <i>&eacute;meute</i>. "Herr von
+Abel," in the opinion<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[144]</a></span> of a colleague, Heinrich von Treitsche, "took
+advantage of the opportunity to espouse a sudden championship of
+morals, and made <i>les convenances</i> an excuse for resigning what had
+long been to him a dangerous office."</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="pic_12" id="pic_12"></a>
+<img src="images/image_13.jpg" width="400" height="595" alt="King of Bavaria. &quot;Ludwig the Lover&quot;"  />
+<span class="caption">King of Bavaria. &quot;Ludwig the Lover&quot;</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>D&ouml;llinger himself always declared that he became an Ultramontane
+against his will, and that he only joined the Ministry at the earnest
+request of von Abel. This was probably true enough, for he was much
+happier among his books than among the politicians. With his nose
+decidedly out of joint, he relieved his feelings in a lengthy epistle
+to his friend, Madame Rio. Years afterwards this letter came into the
+hands of Dom Gougaud, O.S.B., who published it in the <i>Irish
+Ecclesiastical Record</i>. Among the more important passages were the
+following:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Since you left M[unich] the impudence of L[ola] M[ontez] and
+the infatuation of her admirers have been constantly
+increasing. Our Members of Parliament, which have been
+convocated to an extraordinary session on account of a
+railway loan, did not dare, or did not deem it expedient, to
+interfere. The only thing that was done, but without
+producing any effect in high quarters, was that the Chamber
+of Deputies unanimously voted a protestation against the
+deposition of the professors. Then came the change of
+Ministers. Prince Wallerstein, who is a sort of Bavarian
+Thiers, selfish and unprincipled, only bent upon maintaining
+himself in the possession of the <i>portefeuille</i>, which is
+the glorious end that in his estimation sanctifies the
+means&mdash;this man of unscrupulous memory came in again,
+together with an obscure individual, a mere creature of
+L[ola] M[ontez], M. Berks.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>... Meanwhile the crisis was brought about by the students
+of the University. L[ola] M[ontez] had succeeded in seducing
+a few of these, who, finding themselves immediately shunned
+and rejected by their fellow-students, formed a separate
+society or club, calling itself <i>Alemannia</i>, which from its
+beginning was publicly <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[145]</a></span>understood to be distinguished by
+the King's special favour and protection. In the course of
+two or three months they rose to the number of nineteen or
+twenty, easily recognised by the red caps and ribbons they
+wore. For L[ola] M[ontez] they formed a sort of male harem,
+and the particulars which have since transpired, and which,
+of course, I must not pollute your ears with, leave no doubt
+that she is a second Messalina.</p>
+
+<p>The indignation of the students, who felt all this as a
+degradation of the University and an affront cast upon their
+character, was general. The <i>Alemanni</i> were treated as
+outcasts, whose very presence was pollution.</p>
+
+<p>... L[ola] M[ontez] had already been heard threatening that
+if the students continued to show themselves hostile to her
+favourites she would have the University closed. At last, on
+the 10th February, a royal mandate came forth, declaring the
+University to be suspended for the entire year.</p>
+
+<p>Next morning it was evident that a decisive crisis was
+coming on; the students paraded in procession through the
+streets, when, suddenly, the <i>gendarmerie</i>, commanded by one
+of L. M.'s favourites, made an attack upon them and wounded
+two of them. This, of course, served only to kindle the
+flames of general indignation. The citizens threatened to
+appear in arms, and the people made preparations for
+storming the house of L[ola] M[ontez].</p>
+
+<p>Towards 8 o'clock in the morning of the 11th, the appalling
+intelligence was communicated to the K[ing] that L. M.'s
+life was in imminent danger. Meanwhile several members of
+the royal family had tried to make an impression on the K.'s
+mind. When his own tools, who, up to that moment, had been
+pushing him on, told him that L.'s life was in jeopardy, and
+that the regiments refused to fight, he began to yield. But
+even then his behaviour left no doubt that the personal
+safety of L[ola] M[ontez] was his paramount motive. He
+himself ran<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[146]</a></span> to her house, which the mob had begun to pluck
+down; regardless of all royal dignity, he exposed his person
+to all the humiliation which the intercourse with an
+infuriated mob might subject him to.... Certainly, that day
+was the most disgraceful royalty has yet had in Bavaria.</p>
+
+<p>... You will find it natural that the first announcement of
+L.M.'s forced departure begot universal exultation. In the
+streets one met only smiling countenances; new hopes were
+kindled. People wished, and therefore believed, that the
+K[ing] having at last become aware of the true state of the
+nation's mind, had made a noble sacrifice. A few days were
+sufficient to undeceive them. The K.'s mind was in a sort of
+fearful excitement, alternating between fits of depression
+and thoughts of vengeance.... It is impossible to foresee
+what things will lead to, and where the persecution is to
+stop. The opinion gains credit that his intention is to
+bring L[ola] M[ontez] back. Evidently he is acting, not only
+from a thirst for vengeance, but also under the fatal
+influence of an irresistible and sinister passion for that
+woman.</p></div>
+
+<p>A few days later, Ludwig, to test public opinion, went to the Opera.</p>
+
+<p>"I have lost my taste for spectacles," he said to his companion, "but
+I wish to see if I am still King in the hearts of the people I have
+served."</p>
+
+<p>He was not long in doubt, for the moment he entered his box the
+audience stood up and cheered him vigorously. This was enough; and,
+without waiting for the curtain to rise, he returned to the Palace.</p>
+
+<p>"After all, my subjects still trust me," he said. "I was sure of
+them."</p>
+
+
+<h3>III</h3>
+
+<p>There was another display of loyalty elsewhere. The Munich garrison,
+under Ludwig's second son, Prince Luitpold, took a fresh oath <i>en
+masse</i>, swearing fidelity to the new<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[147]</a></span> constitution. It was, however, a
+little late in the day. Things had gone too far; and Lola, who had
+merely gone a few leagues from the capital, had not gone far enough.
+That was the trouble. She was still able to pull strings, and to make
+her influence felt in various directions. Nor would she show the white
+feather or succumb to the threats of rowdies.</p>
+
+<p>It was from Lindeau that, disguised as a boy (then a somewhat more
+difficult job than now), Lola, greatly daring, ventured back to the
+arms of Ludwig. But she only stopped with him a couple of hours, for
+she had been followed, and was still being hunted by the rabble of the
+town. Before, however, resuming her journey, she endeavoured to get
+into touch with her faithful <i>Alemannia</i>. "I beg you," she wrote to
+the proprietor of the caf&eacute; they frequented, "to tell me where Herr
+Peissner has gone." The landlord, fearing reprisals, withheld the
+knowledge. If he had given it, he would probably have had his premises
+wrecked. Safety first!</p>
+
+<p>In this juncture, Ludwig, acting like a mental deficient, announced
+that there was only one adequate explanation for Lola's conduct. This
+was that she was "possessed of an evil spirit" which had to be
+exorcised before things should get worse. Lending a ready ear to every
+quack in Bavaria, he sent her under escort to Weinsberg, to the clinic
+of a Dr. Justinus Kerner, who had established himself there as a
+mesmerist.</p>
+
+<p>"You are to drive the devil out of her," were the instructions given
+him.</p>
+
+<p>Fearing that his spells and incantations might, after all, not prove
+effective, and thus convict him for a charlatan, the man of science
+felt uneasy. Still, an order was an order, especially when it came
+from a King, and he promised to do his best. On the day that his
+patient arrived, he wrote to his married daughter, Emma Niendorf. A
+free translation of this letter, which is given in full by Dr. von Tim
+Klein (in his <i>Der Vorkamfdeutscher Einheit und Freiheit</i>), would
+read:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[148]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Yesterday there arrived here Lola Montez; and, until further
+instructions come from Munich, I am detaining her in my
+tower, where guard is being kept by three of the
+<i>Alemannia</i>. That the King should have selected me of all
+people to send her to is most annoying. But he was assured
+that she was possessed of a devil, and that the devil in her
+could be driven out by me at Weinsberg. Still, the case is
+one of interest.</p>
+
+<p>As a preliminary to my magneto-magic treatment, I am
+beginning by subjecting her to a fasting-cure. This means
+that every day all she is to have is a quarter of a wafer
+and thirteen drops of raspberry juice.</p></div>
+
+<p>"<i>Sage es aber niemanden! Verbrenne diesen Brief!</i>" ("But don't tell
+anybody about it; burn this letter") was the exorcist's final
+injunction.</p>
+
+<p>To live up to his reputation for wonder-working, the mystic had an
+&AElig;olian harp in each of the windows of his house, so arranged that
+Ariel-like voices would float through the summer breezes.</p>
+
+<p>"It is magic," said the peasants, crossing themselves devoutly when
+they heard the sound.</p>
+
+<p>But the harp-obligato proved no more effective than the reduced
+dieting and early attempt to popularise slimming. After a couple of
+days, accordingly, the regime was varied by the substitution of asses'
+milk for the raspberry juice. Much to his annoyance, however, the
+specialist had to report to another correspondent, Sophie Schwab, that
+his patient was not deriving any real benefit, and that the
+troublesome "devil" had not been dislodged.</p>
+
+<p>As was to be expected, Lola, having a healthy appetite and objecting
+to short rations, gave the mesmerist the slip and hurried back to her
+Ludwig. After a few words with him, she left for Stahrenberg.</p>
+
+<p>Ludwig sat down and wrote another "poem." Appropriately enough, this
+was entitled "Lamentation."</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[149]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XI" id="CHAPTER_XI"></a>CHAPTER XI</h2>
+
+<h3>A FALLEN STAR</h3>
+
+
+<h3>I</h3>
+<div class="figleft"><img class="img1" src="images/image_30.jpg" alt="E" width="44" height="50" /></div>
+
+<p>ven with Lola Montez out of the way and the University doors
+re-opened, it was not a case of all quiet on the Munich front. Far
+from it. Berks, the new Minister of the Interior, who had always
+supported her, still remained in office; and Lola herself continued
+from a distance to pull strings. Some of them were effective.</p>
+
+<p>But Lola Montez, or no Lola Montez, there was in the eyes of his
+exasperated subjects more than enough to make them thoroughly
+dissatisfied with the Wittelsbach regime, as carried out by Ludwig.
+The Cabinet had become very nearly inarticulate; public funds had been
+squandered on all sorts of grandiose and unnecessary schemes; and the
+clerical element had long been allowed to ride roughshod over the
+constitution. Altogether, the "Ministry of Dawn," brought into
+existence with such a flourish of trumpets after the dismissal of von
+Abel and his colleagues, had not proved the anticipated success.
+Instead of getting better, things had got worse; and, although it had
+not actually been suggested, the idea of substituting the monarchy by
+a republic was being discussed in many quarters.</p>
+
+<p>The editor of the <i>Annual Register</i>, abandoning his customary attitude
+of an impartial historian, dealt out a sharp rap on the knuckles to
+the Royal Troubadour:</p>
+
+<p>"The discreditable conduct of the doting old King of Bavaria, in his
+open <i>liaison</i> with a wandering actress who had assumed the name of
+Lola Montez (but who was in reality<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[150]</a></span> the eloped wife of an Englishman,
+and whom he had created a Bavarian Countess by the title of Gr&auml;fin de
+Landsfeld), had thoroughly alienated the hearts of his subjects."</p>
+
+<p>As the result of a solemn conclave at the Rathaus, an ultimatum was
+delivered by the Cabinet; and Ludwig was informed, without any beating
+about the bush, that unless he wanted to plunge the country into
+revolution, Lola Montez must leave the kingdom. Ludwig yielded; and
+forgetful of, or else deliberately ignoring, the fact that he had once
+written a passionate threnody, in which he declared:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"And though thou be forsaken by all the world,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet, never wilt thou be abandoned by me!"<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>he could find it in his heart to issue a decree expelling her from his
+realms.</p>
+
+<p>To this end, on March 17, he signed two separate Orders in Council.</p>
+
+<p class="center">1</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"We, Ludwig, by the Grace of God, King of Bavaria, etc.,
+think it necessary to give notice that the Countess of
+Landsfeld has ceased to possess the rights of
+naturalisation."</p></div>
+
+<p class="center">2</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Since the Countess of Landsfeld does not give up her design
+of disturbing the peace of the capital and country, all the
+judicial authorities of the kingdom are hereby ordered to
+arrest the said Countess wherever she may be discovered.
+They are to carry her to the nearest fortress, where she is
+to be kept in custody."</p></div>
+
+<p>Events moved rapidly. A few days later Lola was arrested by Prince
+Wallerstein (whom she herself had put into power when his stock had
+fallen) and deported, as an "undesirable alien," to Switzerland.</p>
+
+<p>Woman-like, she had the last word.</p>
+
+<p>"I am leaving Bavaria," she said, "but, before very long, your King
+will also leave."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[151]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Everybody had something to say about the business. Most people had a
+lot to say. The wires hummed; and the foreign correspondents in Munich
+filled columns with long accounts of the recent disturbances in Munich
+and their origin. No two accounts were similar.</p>
+
+<p>"The people insisted," says Edward Cayley, in his <i>European
+Revolutions of</i> 1848, "on the dismissal of the King's mistress. She
+was sent away, but, trusting to the King's dotage, she came back,
+police or no police.... This was a climax to which the people were
+unprepared to submit, not that they were any more virtuous than their
+Sovereign." Another publicist, Edward Maurice, puts it a little
+differently: "In Bavaria the power exercised by Lola Montez over
+Ludwig had long been distasteful to the sterner reformers." This was
+true enough; but the M&uuml;ncheners disliked the Jesuits still more,
+asserting that it was with them that Lola shared the conscience of the
+King. The Liberals were ready for action, and welcomed the opportunity
+of asserting themselves.</p>
+
+<p>As soon as Lola was really out of the country, her Barerstrasse
+mansion was searched from attic to cellar by the Munich police. Since,
+in order to justify the search, they had to discover something
+compromising, they announced that they had discovered "proofs" that
+Lord Palmerston and Mazzini were in active correspondence with the
+King's ex-mistress; and that the go-between for the British Foreign
+Office was a Jew called Loeb. This individual was an artist who had
+been employed to decorate the house. Seized with pangs of remorse, he
+is said to have gone to Ludwig and confessed having intercepted Lola's
+correspondence with Mazzini and engineered the rioting. He further
+declared that large sums of money had been sent her from abroad.
+Historians, however, have no knowledge of this; nor was the nature of
+the "proofs" ever revealed.</p>
+
+<p>Lola's villa in the Barerstrasse afterwards became the new home of the
+British Legation. It was demolished in 1914;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[152]</a></span> and not even a wall
+plaque now marks her one-time occupancy. As for the Residenz Palace
+where she dallied with Ludwig, this building is now a museum, and as
+such echoes to the tramp of tourists and the snapping of cameras. <i>Sic
+transit</i>, etc.</p>
+
+
+<h3>II</h3>
+
+<p>When Lola, hunted from pillar to post, eventually left Munich for
+Switzerland, it was in the company of Auguste Papon, who, on the
+grounds of "moral turpitude," had already been given his
+marching-orders. He described himself as a "courier." His passport,
+however, bore the less exalted description of "cook." It was probably
+the more correct one. The faithful Fritz Peissner, anxious to be of
+service to the woman he loved, and for whom he had already risked his
+life, joined her at Constance, together with two other members of the
+<i>Alemannia</i>, Count Hirschberg and Lieutenant Nussbaum. But they only
+stopped a few days.</p>
+
+<p>Anxious to get into touch with them, Lola wrote to the landlord at
+their last address:</p>
+
+<p class="sig2"><i>2 March, 1848.</i></p>
+
+<p class="sig3"><span class="smcap">Sir</span>,</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>In case the students of the Alemannia Society have left your
+hotel, I beg you to inform my servant, the bearer of this
+letter, where Monsieur Peissner, for whom he has a parcel to
+deliver, has gone.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="sig4">Receive in advance my distinguished sentiments.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sig"><span class="smcap">Countess of Landsfeld.</span></p>
+
+<p>Lola's first halt in Switzerland (a country she described as "that
+little Republic which, like a majestic eagle, lies in the midst of the
+vultures and cormorants of Europe") was at Geneva. An error of
+judgment, for the austere citizens of Calvin's town, setting a
+somewhat lofty standard among visitors, were impervious to her
+blandishments. "They were," she complained, "as chilly as their own
+icicles." At Berne, however, to which she went next, she had better
+luck. This was because she met there an impressionable young Charg&eacute;
+d'affaires attached to the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[153]</a></span> British Legation, whom she found "somewhat
+younger than Ludwig, but more than twice as silly." An <i>entente</i> was
+soon established. "Sometimes riding, and sometimes driving she would
+appear in public, accompanied by her youthful adorer."</p>
+
+<p>The official was Robert Peel, a son of the distinguished statesman,
+and was afterwards to become third baronet. In a curious little work,
+typical of the period, <i>The Black Book of the British Aristocracy</i>,
+there is an acid allusion to the matter: "This bright youth has just
+taken under his protection the notorious Lola Montez, and was lately
+to be observed walking with her, in true diplomatic style, in the
+streets of a Swiss town."</p>
+
+<p>It was about this period that it occurred to a theatrical manager in
+London, looking for a novelty, that there was material for a stirring
+drama written round the career of Lola Montez. No sooner said than
+done; and a hack dramatist, who was kept on the premises, was
+commissioned to set to work. Locked up in his garret with a bottle of
+brandy, at the end of a week he delivered the script. This being
+approved by the management, it was put into rehearsal, and the
+hoardings plastered with bills:</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter"><img class="img1" src="images/poster_07.jpg" alt="Poster" width="500" height="166" /></div>
+
+<p class="center">
+THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET<br />
+<br />
+(Under the Patronage of Her Gracious Majesty The Queen,<br />
+His Royal Highness Prince Albert, and the &Eacute;lite of Rank and<br />
+Fashion.) On Wednesday, April 26, 1848, will be produced a<br />
+New and Original and Apropos Sketch entitled:<br />
+<br />
+"<span class="smcap">Lola Montez</span>, or <span class="smcap">The Countess for an Hour</span>."<br />
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p>"An hour." This was about as long as it lasted, for the reception by
+the critics was distinctly chilly. "We cannot," announced one of them,
+"applaud the motives that governed the production of a farce
+introducing a mock sovereign and his mistress. In our opinion the
+piece is extremely objectionable."</p>
+
+<p>The Lord Chamberlain apparently shared this view, for he had the play
+withdrawn after the second performance.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[154]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"<i>Es gibt kein Zur&uuml;ck</i>" ("There is to be no coming back") had been
+Ludwig's last words to her. But Lola did not take the injunction
+seriously. According to a letter in the <i>Deutsche Zeitung</i>, she was
+back in Munich within a week, travelling under the "protection" of
+Baron M&ouml;ller, a Russian diplomatist. Entering the Palace
+surreptitiously, she extracted a cheque for 50,000 florins from
+Ludwig. As it was drawn on Rothschild's bank at Frankfort, she hurried
+off there, and returned to Switzerland the same evening, "with a
+bagful of notes."</p>
+
+<p>To convince his readers that he was well behind the scenes, Papon
+gives a letter which he asserts was written by Ludwig to a
+correspondent some months later:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>I wish to know from you if my dear Countess would like her
+annuity assured by having it paid into a private bank, or if
+she would rather I deposited a million francs with the Bank
+of England.... I am already being blamed for giving her too
+much. As the revolutionaries seize upon any pretext to
+assert themselves, it is important to avoid directing
+attention to her just now. Still, I want my dearly loved
+Countess to be satisfied. I repeat that the whole world
+cannot part me from her.</p></div>
+
+<p>While he was with her in Switzerland, Papon strung together a
+pamphlet: <i>Lola Montez, M&eacute;moires accompagn&eacute;s de lettres intimes de
+S.M. le Roi de Bavi&egrave;re et de Lola Montez, orn&eacute;s des portraits, sur
+originaux donn&eacute;s par eux &agrave; l'auteur</i>, purporting to be written by
+their subject. "I owe my readers," he makes her say smugly, "the exact
+truth. They must judge between my enemies and myself." But, in his
+character of a Peeping Tom, very little truth was expended by Papon.
+Thus, he declares that, during her sojourn in the land of the
+mountains and William Tell, she had a series of <i>affaires</i> with a
+"baron," a "muscular artisan," and an "intrepid sailor." He also has a
+story to the effect that "two pure-blooded English ladies, the bearers
+of illustrious names," called on her uninvited; and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[155]</a></span> that this
+circumstance annoyed her so much that she made her pet monkey attack
+them.</p>
+
+<p>But Auguste Papon cannot be considered a very reliable authority. A
+decidedly odd fish, he claimed to be an ex-officer and also dubbed
+himself a marquis. For all his pretensions, however, he was merely a
+<i>chevalier d'industrie</i>, living on his wits; and, masquerading as a
+priest, he was afterwards convicted of swindling and sent to prison.</p>
+
+
+<h3>III</h3>
+
+<p>A doughty, but anonymous, champion jumped into the breach and issued a
+counterblast to Papon's effort in the shape of a second pamphlet,
+headed "A Reply." But this was not any more remarkable for its
+accuracy than the original. Thus, it declares, "She [Lola] lived with
+the King of Bavaria, a man of eighty-seven. The nature of that
+intimacy can best be surmised by reading the second and third verses
+of the First Book of Kings, Chapter i. It is evident to any reflecting
+mind that it was a sort of King David arrangement." As for the rest of
+the pamphlet, it was chiefly taken up with an elaborate argument that,
+all said and done, its subject was no worse than other ladies, and
+much better than many of them.</p>
+
+<p>Among extracts from this well intentioned effort, the following are
+the more important:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>A certain Marquis Auguste Papon, a quondam panderer to the
+natural desires and affections which are common to the whole
+human race, published and circulated throughout Europe a
+volume which stamps his own infamy (as we shall have
+occasion to show in the course of this reply) in far more
+ineffaceable characters than that of those whom, in his
+vindictiveness, he gloatingly sought to destroy.</p>
+
+<p>But, before we proceed to dissect his book, it may be
+permitted us to ask the impartial reader what there is so
+very remarkable in the conduct of the King of Bavaria<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[156]</a></span> and
+Lola Montez as to distinguish them unfavourably from the
+monarchs and women celebrated for their talent, originality,
+and beauty who have gone before. Where are Henry IV of
+France, Henry V, Louis XIV, and Louis XV, with their
+respective mistresses? Who of their people ever presumed to
+interfere on the score of morality with the favours and
+honours conferred on those distinguished women? Nay, to come
+down to a later period, has the Marquis Auguste Papon ever
+heard of the loves of Louis XVIII and Madame de Cuyla, and
+that after the monarch's restoration in 1814? Is he ignorant
+of those of Napoleon himself and Mademoiselle Georges? Have
+not almost all the royal family of England&mdash;even those of
+the House of Hanover&mdash;been notorious for their connection
+with celebrated women? Has he never heard of Mrs.
+Walkinshaw, ostensible mistress of Charles Edward the
+Pretender, of Lucy Barlow, mistress of Charles II, mother of
+the Duke of Monmouth? Of Arabella Churchill and Katherine
+Sedley, mistresses of James II? Of the Countess of Kendal,
+mistress of George II, who was received everywhere in
+English society? Or of George IV and the Marchioness of
+C&mdash;&mdash;? Of the Duke of York and Mary Anne Clark? Of the Duke
+of Clarence and the amiable and respected Mrs. J&mdash;&mdash;? And
+last, not least, of the present King of Hanover and late
+Duke of Cumberland, who labours even unto this hour under
+suspicion of having murdered his valet Sellis, to conceal
+his adultery with his wife? In what differs the King of
+Bavaria from these?</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><a name="pic_13" id="pic_13"></a>
+<img src="images/image_14.jpg" width="600" height="399" alt="Lola Montez in caricature. &quot;Lola on the Allemannen
+Hound&quot;"  />
+<span class="caption">Lola Montez in caricature. &quot;Lola on the Allemannen
+Hound&quot;</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>But even to descend lower into the social scale of those who
+have occupied the attention of the world without incurring
+its marked and impertinent censure, has the Marquis Auguste
+Papon ever heard of the beautiful Miss Foote, who, first the
+favourite of the celebrated Colonel Berkeley (a natural
+brother of the Duke of Devonshire) and secondly of a
+personal friend of the writer of this <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a></span>reply&mdash;the
+celebrated Pea Green Hayne&mdash;became finally the charming and
+amiable Countess of Harrington, one of the sweetest women
+that ever were placed at the head of the Stanhope family or
+graced a peerage?</p>
+
+<p>Who, that ever once enjoyed the pleasure of knowing this
+fairest flower in the parterre of England's aristocracy of
+beauty, would, in a spirit of revenge and disappointed
+avarice, have had the grossness to insult <i>her</i> as the
+Marquis of Papon&mdash;the depository of all her secrets&mdash;has
+insulted the Countess of Landsfeld with the loathsome name
+of "courtesan," because, yielding to the confidence of her
+woman's heart, she had been the adored of two previous
+lovers? Never did Lord Petersham, afterwards the Earl of
+Harrington, take a more sensible course than when he
+elevated in a holy and irreproachable love&mdash;a love that
+strangled scandal in its bloated fullness&mdash;the fascinating
+Maria Foote to the position she was made to adorn, being
+twin sister in beauty as well as in law to the charming Miss
+Green, whose ripe red lips and long dark-lashed blue and
+laughing eyes were, before her marriage with Colonel
+Stanhope, the admiration and subject of homage of all
+London. Should her eye ever rest on this page, she will
+perceive that we have not forgotten its power and
+expression.</p>
+
+<p>To descend still lower in the scale of social life, has the
+Marquis Auguste Papon ever heard of the celebrated Madame
+Vestris, now Mrs. Mathews? Is he ignorant that her
+theatre&mdash;the Olympic&mdash;was ever a resort of the most
+fashionable and aristocratic people of London? Did her moral
+life in any way detract from her popularity as a woman of
+talent and of beauty, and an artiste of exceeding
+fascination and merit? And yet she had more lovers than the
+Marquis Auguste Papon can, with all his ingenuity, raise up
+in evidence against the remarkable woman he, in his not very
+creditable spirit of vengeance, has sworn to destroy.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[158]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Let us enumerate those we know to have been the lovers of
+Madame Vestris, who, after having passed her youth in all
+the variety of enjoyment, at length became the wife of a
+man, not without talent himself, and whose father stood
+first among the names celebrated in the comic art.</p>
+
+<p>First was a personal friend of the writer of this reply to
+the unmanly attack of the Marquis Auguste Papon. And we have
+reason to remember it, for the connection of Henry Cole with
+the most fascinating woman of her day led to a duel in Hyde
+Park, of which that lady was the immediate cause, between
+the writer and a British officer who was so ungallant as to
+seek to check the enthusiasm created by her scarcely
+paralleled acting. To him succeeded Sir John Anstruther, and
+after Sir John the celebrated Horace Claggett. In what order
+their successors came we do not recollect, but of those who
+knew Madame Vestris in all the intimacy of the most tender
+friendship were Handsome Jack, Captain Best, Lord Edward
+Thynne, and Lord Castlereagh. These things were no secrets
+to the thousands who, fascinated by her beauty and the
+perfection of her acting, nevertheless thronged the theatre
+she was admitted to have conducted with the most amiable
+propriety and skill. On the contrary, they were as much
+matters of general knowledge among people of the first rank
+and fashion as the sun at noon-day. And yet what gentleman
+ever presumed to affix to the name of this gifted woman,
+whose very disregard of the opinion of those who
+hypocritically and <i>sub rosa</i> pursued in nearly ninety-nine
+cases out of a hundred the same course&mdash;what gentleman, we
+ask, ever dared to commit himself so far as to term her a
+"courtesan"?</p></div>
+
+<p>There was a good deal more of it, for the "Reply" ran to seventy-six
+pages.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[159]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The title-page of this counterblast ran:</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter"><img class="img1" src="images/poster_02.jpg" alt="Poster" width="500" height="544" /></div>
+
+<p class="center">
+LOLA MONTEZ<br />
+<br />
+or<br />
+<br />
+A REPLY TO THE<br />
+"PRIVATE HISTORY AND MEMOIRS"<br />
+<br />
+of<br />
+<br />
+THAT CELEBRATED LADY<br />
+<br />
+RECENTLY PUBLISHED<br />
+<br />
+By<br />
+<br />
+<span class="smcap">The Marquis Papon</span><br />
+<br />
+FORMERLY SECRETARY TO<br />
+THE KING OF BAVARIA<br />
+AND FOR A PERIOD<br />
+THE PROFESSED FRIEND AND ATTENDANT<br />
+of<br />
+THE COUNTESS OF LANDSFELD<br />
+<br />
+<i>Stet Nomnis Umbra</i>&mdash;Junius<br />
+<br />
+NEW YORK<br />
+<br />
+1851<br />
+</p>
+
+
+<h3>IV</h3>
+
+<p>Bavaria was the key position in the sphere of European politics just
+then. Ludwig, however, had dallied with the situation too long.
+Nothing that he could do now would save him. Unrest was in the air.
+All over Europe the tide of democracy was rising, and fast threatening
+to engulf the entrenched positions of the autocrats. Metternich,
+reading the portents, was planning to leave a mob-ridden Vienna for
+the more tranquil atmosphere of Brighton; Louis Philippe,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[160]</a></span> setting him
+an example, had already fled from Paris; and Prince William of
+Prussia, shaving off his moustache (and travelling on a false
+passport), was hurrying to England while the going was still good.
+With these examples to guide them, the Bavarians, tired of soft
+promises and smooth words, were clamouring for a fresh hand at the
+helm. Realising that the choice lay between this and a republic,
+Ludwig bowed to the inevitable; and, with crocodile tears and
+hypocritical protestations of good faith, surrendered his sceptre. To
+give the decision full effect, he issued a Proclamation:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Bavarians! A new condition has arisen. This differs
+substantially from the one under which I have governed you
+for twenty-three years. Accordingly, I lay down my sceptre
+in favour of my beloved son, Prince Maximilian. I have
+always governed you with full regard for your welfare. Had I
+been a mere clerk, I could not have worked more strenuously;
+had I been a Minister of Finance, I could not have devoted
+more attention to the requirements of my country. I thank
+God that I can look the whole world fearlessly in the face
+and there confront the most scrutinising eye. Although I now
+relinquish my crown, I can assure you that my heart still
+beats as warmly as ever for Bavaria.</p></div>
+
+<p class="sig3">"<span class="smcap">Munich</span>,</p>
+
+<p class="sig4"><i>March 21, 1848</i>."</p>
+
+<p>Ludwig's signature to this mixture of rigmarole and bombast was
+followed by those of his sons, the Princes Maximilian Luitpold,
+Adalbert, and Carl. As for Maximilian, the new sovereign, he, rather
+than risk being thrown out of the saddle, was prepared to make a clean
+sweep of a number of existing grievances. As an earnest of his
+intentions, he promised, in the course of a frothy oration, to grant
+an amnesty to political prisoners, liberty of the press, the abolition
+of certain taxes, the institution of trial by jury, and a long delayed
+reform of the franchise.</p>
+
+<p>With the idea, no doubt, of filling the vacancy in his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[161]</a></span> affections
+caused by the abrupt departure of Lola Montez, Fr&auml;ulein Schroder, a
+young actress at the Hof Theatre, endeavoured to comfort Ludwig in his
+retirement. He, however, was beyond forming any fresh contacts.</p>
+
+<p>"My happiness is gone from me," he murmured sadly. "I cannot stop in a
+capital to which I have long given a father's loving care."</p>
+
+<p>Firm in this resolve, he left Munich for the Riviera and took a villa
+among the olives and oranges of Nice. There he turned over a fresh
+leaf. But he did not stop writing poetry. Nor did he stop writing to
+the woman who was still in his thoughts. One ardent epistle that
+followed her into exile ran in this fashion:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Oh, my Lolita! A ray of sunshine at the break of day! A
+stream of light in an obscured sky! Hope ever causes chords
+long forgotten to resound, and existence becomes once again
+pleasant as of yore. Such were the feelings which animated
+me during that night of happiness when, thanks to you alone,
+everything was sheer joy. Thy spirit lifted up mine out of
+sadness; never did an intoxication equal the one I then
+felt!</p>
+
+<p>Thou hast lost thy gaiety; persecution has stripped you of
+it; and has robbed you of your health. The happiness of your
+life is already disturbed. But now, and more solidly than
+ever, are you attached to me. Nobody will ever be able to
+separate us. You have suffered because you love me.</p></div>
+
+<p>When accounts of what was happening in Bavaria reached England a well
+pickled rod was applied to Lola's back:</p>
+
+<p>"The sanguinary and destructive conduct of the Munich mob," began a
+furious leading article, "was caused by the supposed return of
+Bavaria's famous strumpet, Lola Montez. This heroine was once familiar
+to the eyes of all Paris, and notorious as a courtesan. When she was
+invested with a title, the Bavarians shuddered at their degradation.
+It was nothing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[162]</a></span> less than an outrage on the part of royalty, never to
+be forgotten or forgiven."</p>
+
+<p>The columns of <i>Maga</i> also wielded the rod in vigorous fashion:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The late King, one of the most accomplished of dilettanti,
+worst of poets, and silliest of men, had latterly put the
+coping-stone to a life of folly by engaging in a most
+bare-faced intrigue with the notorious Lola Montez. The
+indecency and infatuation of this last <i>liaison</i>&mdash;far more
+openly conducted than any of his former numerous amours&mdash;had
+given intense umbrage to the nobility whom he had insulted
+by elevating the ci-devant opera-dancer to their ranks."</p></div>
+
+<p>Yet, with all his faults heavy upon him, Ludwig, none the less, had
+his points. Thus, in addition to converting Munich from a second-rate
+town to a really important capital, he did much to encourage the
+development of art and letters and science and education throughout
+his kingdom. Ignaz D&ouml;llinger, the theologian, Joseph G&ouml;rres, the
+historian, Jean Paul Richter, the poet, Franz Schwanthaler, the
+sculptor, and Wilhelm Thirsch, the philosopher, with Richard Wagner
+and a host of others basked in his patronage. When he died, twenty
+years later, these facts were remembered and his little slips
+forgotten. The M&uuml;ncheners gave him burial in the Basilica; and an
+equestrian statue, bearing the inscription, "Just and Persevering,"
+was set up in the Odeon-Platz.</p>
+
+<p>It is the fashion among certain historians to charge Lola Montez with
+responsibility for the revolution in Bavaria. But this charge is not
+justified. The fact is, the kingdom was ripe for revolution; and the
+equilibrium of the government was so unstable that Ludwig would have
+lost his crown, whether she was in the country or not.</p>
+
+<p>It is just as well to remember this.</p>
+
+
+<h3>V</h3>
+
+<p>After a few months among them, Lola, tiring of the Swiss cantons,
+thought she might as well discover if England, which<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[163]</a></span> she had not
+visited for six years, could offer any fresh attractions. Accordingly,
+resolved to make the experiment, on December 30, 1848, she arrived in
+London.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Satirist</i>, hearing the news, suggested that the managers of Drury
+Lane and Covent Garden should engage her as a "draw." But she did not
+stop in England very long, as she returned to the Continent almost at
+once.</p>
+
+<p>In the following spring, she made a second journey to London, and
+sailed from Rotterdam. Unknown to her, the passenger list was to have
+included another fallen star. This was Metternich, who, with the
+riff-raff of Vienna thundering at the doors of his palace, was
+preparing to seek sanctuary in England. Thinking, however, that the
+times were not altogether propitious, he decided to postpone the
+expedition.</p>
+
+<p>"If," he wrote, "the Chartist troubles had not prevented me embarking
+yesterday at Rotterdam, I should have reached London this morning in
+the company of the Countess of Landsfeld. She sailed by the steamer in
+which I was to have travelled. I thank heaven for having preserved me
+from such contact!"</p>
+
+<p>All things considered, it is perhaps just as well that the two
+refugees did not cross the Channel together. Had they done so, it is
+probable that one of them would have found a watery grave.</p>
+
+<p>Metternich had worsted Napoleon, but he found himself worsted by Lola
+Montez. On April 9, he wrote from The Hague:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"I have put off my departure for England, because I wished
+to know first what was happening in that country as a result
+of the Chartists' disturbance. I consider that, for me who
+must have absolute rest, it would have been ridiculous to
+have arrived in the middle of the agitation."</p></div>
+
+<p>Louis Napoleon, however, was made of sterner stuff; and it is to his
+credit that, as a return for the hospitality extended him, he was
+sworn in as a special constable.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[164]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XII" id="CHAPTER_XII"></a>CHAPTER XII</h2>
+
+<h3>A "LEFT-HANDED" MARRIAGE</h3>
+
+
+<h3>I</h3>
+
+<div class="figleft"><img class="img1" src="images/image_31.jpg" alt="O" width="50" height="50" /></div>
+<p>n arriving in London, and (thanks to the bounty of Ludwig) being well
+provided with funds, Lola took a house in Half Moon Street,
+Piccadilly. There she established something of a <i>salon</i>, where she
+gave a series of evening receptions. They were not, perhaps, up to the
+old Barerstrasse standard; still, they brought together a number of
+the less important "lions," all of whom were only too pleased to
+accept invitations.</p>
+
+<p>Among the hangers-on was Frederick Leveson-Gower, a son of Earl
+Granville. He had met the great Rachel in Paris and was ecstatic about
+her. "Not long after," he says, "I got to know another much less
+gifted individual, but who having captivated a King, upset two
+Ministries, and brought about a revolution in Bavaria, was entitled to
+be looked upon as celebrated. This was Lola Montez."</p>
+
+<p>In his character of what is still oddly dubbed a "man-about-town,"
+Serjeant Ballantine was also among those who attended these Half Moon
+Street gatherings. "His hostess," he says, "had certain claims to
+celebrity. She was, I believe, of Spanish origin, and certainly
+possessed that country's style of beauty, with much dash of manner and
+an extremely <i>outr&eacute;</i> fashion of dress." Another occasional visitor was
+George Augustus Sala, a mid-Victorian journalist who was responsible
+for printing more slipshod inaccuracies than any two members of his
+craft put together. He says that he once contemplated writing Lola's
+memoirs. He did not, however, get beyond "contemplating."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[165]</a></span> This,
+perhaps, was just as well, since he was so ill-equipped for the task
+that he imagined she was a sister of Adah Isaacs Menken.</p>
+
+<p>"About this time," he says, "I made the acquaintance, at a little
+cigar shop under the pillars in Norreys Street, Regent Street, of an
+extremely handsome lady, originally the wife of a solicitor, but who
+had been known in London and Paris as a ballet-dancer under the name
+of Lola Montez. When I knew her, she had just escaped from Munich,
+where she had been too notorious as Countess of Landsfeld. She had
+obtained for a time complete mastery over old King Ludwig of Bavaria;
+and something like a revolution had been necessary to induce her to
+quit the Bavarian capital."</p>
+
+<p>A ridiculous story spread that Lord Brougham (who had witnessed her
+ill-starred d&eacute;but in 1843) wanted to marry her. The fact that there
+was already a Lady Brougham in existence did not curb the tongues of
+the gossipers. "She refused the honourable Lord," says a French
+journalist, "in a manner that redounded to her credit."</p>
+
+<p>Journalists, anxious for "copy," haunted Half Moon Street all day
+long. They were never off her doorstep. "Town gossip," declared one of
+them, "is in full swing; and the general public are all agog to catch
+a glimpse of the latest 'lioness.' Lola Montez is on every lip and in
+everybody's eye. She is causing an even bigger sensation than that
+inspired by the Swedish Nightingale, Madame Jenny Lind."</p>
+
+<p>Notwithstanding the ill-success of a former attempt to exploit her
+personality behind the footlights, Mrs. Keeley produced a sketch at
+the Haymarket written "round" Lola Montez. This, slung together by
+Stirling Coyne, was called: <i>Pas de Fascination</i>. The scene was laid
+in "Neverask-<i>where</i>"; and among the characters were "Prince
+Dunbrownski," "Count Muffenuff," and "General von Bolte."</p>
+
+<p>It scarcely sounds rib-rending.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Charles Kean, who attended the first performance, described <i>Pas
+de Fascination</i> as "the most daring play I ever<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[166]</a></span> witnessed." Lola
+Montez herself took it in good part. She sat in a box, "and, when the
+curtain fell, threw a magnificent bouquet at the principal actress."
+Coals of fire.</p>
+
+<p>Not to be behindhand in offering tit-bits of "news," an American
+correspondent informed his readers that: "During the early part of
+1849, Lola Montez, arrayed in the Royal Bavarian jewels, crashed into
+one of the Court balls at Buckingham Palace. Needless to remark," he
+added, "the audacity has not been repeated." From this, it would
+appear that the Lord Chamberlain had been aroused from his temporary
+slumbers.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Satirist</i> had assured his readers "the public will soon be
+hearing more of Madame Montez." They did. What they heard was
+something quite unexpected. This was that she had made a second
+experiment in matrimony, and that her choice had fallen on a Mr.
+George Heald, a callow lad of twenty, for whom a commission as Cornet
+in the Life Guards had been purchased by his family.</p>
+
+
+<h3>II</h3>
+
+<p>The precise reasons actuating Lola in adopting this step were not
+divulged. Several, however, suggested themselves. Perhaps she was
+attracted by the Cornet's glittering cuirass and plumed helmet;
+perhaps by his substantial income; and perhaps she tired of being a
+homeless wanderer, and felt that here at last was a prospect of
+settling down and experimenting with domesticity.</p>
+
+<p>When the announcement appeared in print there was much fluttering
+among the Mayfair dovecotes. As the bridegroom had an income of
+approximately &pound;10,000 a year, the d&eacute;butantes&mdash;chagrined to discover
+that such an "eligible" had been snatched from their grasp&mdash;felt
+inclined to call an indignation meeting.</p>
+
+<p>"Preposterous," they said, "that such a woman should have snapped him
+up! Something ought to be done about it."</p>
+
+<p>But, for the moment, nothing was "done about it," and <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[167]</a></span>the knot was
+tied on July 14. Lola saw that the knot should be a double one; and
+the ceremony took place, first, at the French Catholic Chapel in King
+Street, and afterwards at St. George's, Hanover Square.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><a name="pic_14" id="pic_14"></a>
+<img src="images/image_15.jpg" width="600" height="357" alt="Berrymead Priory, Acton, where Lola Montez lived with
+Cornet Heald"  />
+<span class="caption">Berrymead Priory, Acton, where Lola Montez lived with
+Cornet Heald</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>A press representative, happening to be among the congregation, rushed
+off to Grub Street. There he was rewarded with a welcome five
+shillings by his editor, who, in high glee at securing such a piece of
+news before any other journal, had a characteristic paragraph on the
+subject:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Lola Montez, Countess of Landsfeld, the ex-danseuse and
+ex-favourite of the imbecile old King of Bavaria, is, we are
+able to inform our readers, at last married legitimately.
+<i>On dit</i> that her young husband, Mr. George Trafford Heald,
+has been dragged into the match somewhat hurriedly. It will
+be curious to mark the progress of the Countess in this
+novel position. A sudden change from a career of furious
+excitement to one in which prudence and a regard for the
+rules of good society are the very opposite to those
+observed by loose foreigners must prove a trial to her.
+Whipping commissaries of police, and setting ferocious dogs
+at inoffensive civilians, may do very well for Munich. In
+England, however, we are scarcely prepared for these
+activities, even if they be deemed the privilege of a
+countess.</p></div>
+
+<p>Disraeli, who had a hearty appetite for all the tit-bits of gossip
+discussed in Mayfair drawing-rooms, heard of the match and mentioned
+it in a letter to his sister, Sarah:</p>
+
+<p class="sig2"><i>July, 1849.</i></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>The Lola Montez marriage makes a sensation. I believe he
+[Heald] has only &pound;3,000 per annum, not &pound;13,000. It was an
+affair of a few days. She sent to ask the refusal of his
+dog, which she understood was for sale&mdash;of course it wasn't,
+being very beautiful. But he sent it as a present. She
+rejoined; he called; and they were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[168]</a></span> married in a week. He is
+only twenty-one, and wished to be distinguished. Their
+dinner invitations are already out, I am told. She quite
+convinced him previously that she was not Mrs. James; and,
+as for the King of Bavaria, who, by the by, allows her &pound;1500
+a year, and to whom she writes every day&mdash;that was only a
+<i>malheureuse</i> passion.</p></div>
+
+<p>Apropos of this union, a popular riddle went the round of the clubs:
+"Why does a certain young officer of the Life Guards resemble a much
+mended pair of shoes?" The answer was, "Because he has been heeled
+[Heald] and soled [sold]."</p>
+
+<p>The honeymoon was spent at Berrymead Priory, a house that the
+bridegroom owned at Acton. This was a substantial Gothic building,
+with several acres of well timbered ground and gardens. Some distance,
+perhaps, from the Cornet's barracks. Still, one imagines he did not
+take his military duties very seriously; and leave of absence "on
+urgent private affairs" was, no doubt, granted in liberal fashion.
+Also, he possessed a ph&aelig;ton, in which, with a spanking chestnut
+between the shafts, the miles would soon be covered.</p>
+
+<p>The Priory had a history stretching back to the far off days of Henry
+III, when it belonged to the Chapter of St. Paul's Cathedral. Henry
+VII, in high-handed fashion, presented it to the Earl of Bedford; and
+a subsequent occupant was the notorious Elizabeth Chudleigh, the
+bigamous spouse of the Duke of Kingston. Another light lady, Nancy
+Dawson, is also said to have lived there as its ch&acirc;telaine, under the
+"protection" of the Duke of Newcastle.</p>
+
+<p>At the beginning of the last century the property was acquired by a
+Colonel Clutton. He was followed by Edward Bulwer, afterwards Lord
+Lytton, who lived there on and off (chiefly off) with his wife, until
+their separation in 1836. On one occasion he gave a dinner-party,
+among the guests being John Forster, "to meet Miss Landon,
+Fontblanque, and Hayward." To the invitation was added the warning,
+"We<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[169]</a></span> dine at half-past five, to allow time for return, and regret much
+having no spare beds as yet." A spare bed, however, was available for
+Lord Beaconsfield, when he dined there in the following year.</p>
+
+<p>On the departure of Bulwer, the house had a succession of tenants; and
+for a short period it even sheltered a bevy of Nuns of the Sacred
+Heart. It was when they left that the estate was purchased by Mr.
+George Heald, a barrister with a flourishing practice. He left it to
+his booby son, the Cornet: and it was thus that Lola Montez
+established her connection with Berrymead Priory.</p>
+
+<p>While the original house still stands, the garden in which it stood
+has gone; and the building itself now serves as the premises of the
+Acton Constitutional Club. But the committee have been careful to
+preserve some evidence of Cornet Heald's occupancy. Thus, his crest
+and family motto, <i>Nemo sibi Nascitur</i>, are let into the mosaic
+flooring of the hall, and the drawing-room ceiling is embellished with
+his initials picked out in gold.</p>
+
+
+<h3>III</h3>
+
+<p>Prejudice, perhaps, but unions between the sons of Mars and the
+daughters of Terpsichore were in those days frowned upon by the
+military big-wigs at the Horse Guards. Hence, it was not long before
+an inspired note on the subject of this one appeared in the
+<i>Standard</i>:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>We learn from undoubted authority that, immediately on the
+marriage of Lieutenant Heald with the Countess of Landsfeld,
+the Marquess of Londonderry, Colonel of the 2nd Life Guards,
+took the most decisive steps to recommend to Her Majesty
+that this officer's resignation of his commission should be
+insisted on; and that he should at once leave the regiment,
+which this unfortunate and extraordinary act might possibly
+prejudice.</p></div>
+
+<p>Her Majesty, having consulted the Prince Consort and the Duke of
+Wellington, shared this view. Instead, however, of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[170]</a></span> being summarily
+"gazetted out," the love-sick young warrior was permitted to "send in
+his papers."</p>
+
+<p>Thinking that he had acted precipitately in resigning, Cornet Heald
+(egged on, doubtless, by Lola) endeavoured to get his resignation
+cancelled. The authorities, however, were adamant. "Much curiosity,"
+says a journalistic comment, "has been aroused among the Household
+Troops by the efforts of this officer to regain his commission after
+having voluntarily relinquished it. Notwithstanding his youth and the
+fact that he had given way to a sudden impulse, Lord Londonderry was
+positively inflexible. Yet the influence and eloquence of a certain
+ex-Chancellor, well known to the bride, was brought to bear on him."</p>
+
+<p>The "certain ex-Chancellor" was none other than Lord Brougham.</p>
+
+<p>Much criticism followed in other circles. Everybody had an opinion to
+advance. Most of them were far from complimentary, and there were
+allusions by the dozen to "licentious soldiery" and "gilded
+popinjays." The rigid editor of <i>The Black Book of the British
+Aristocracy</i> was particularly indignant. "The Army," he declared, in a
+fierce outburst, "is the especial favourite of the aristocratic
+section. Any brainless young puppy with a commission is free to lounge
+away his time in dandyism and embryo moustaches at the public
+expense."</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Satirist</i>, living up to its name, also had its customary sting:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Of course, the gallant Colonel of the Household Troops could
+not do less. That distinguished corps is immaculate; and no
+breath of wind must come between it and its propriety. There
+is but one black sheep in the 2nd Life Guards, and that, in
+the eyes of the coal black colonel (him of the collieries),
+is the soft, enchanted, and enchained Mr. Heald. Poor Heald!
+Indignant Londonderry! How subservient, in truth, must be
+the lean subaltern to his fat colonel.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[171]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>A Sunday organ followed suit. "What," it demanded, "may be the precise
+article of the military code against which Mr. Heald is thought to
+have offended? One could scarcely have supposed that officers in Her
+Majesty's service were living under such a despotism that they should
+be compelled to solicit permission to get married, or their colonel's
+approbation of their choice."</p>
+
+<p>In addition to thus disapproving of marriages between his officers and
+ladies of the stage, Lord Londonderry (a veteran of fifty-five years'
+service) disapproved with equal vigour of tobacco. "What," he once
+wrote to Lord Combermere, "are the Gold Sticks to do with that sink of
+smoking, the Horse Guards' guard and mess-rooms? Whenever I have
+visited them, I have found them <i>worse</i> than any pot-house, and this
+actually opposite the Adjutant-General's and under his Grace's very
+nose!"</p>
+
+<p>The example set by Cornet Heald seems to have been catching. "Another
+young officer of this regiment," announced the <i>Globe</i>, "has just run
+off with a frail lady belonging to the Theatre and actually married
+her at Brighton." He, too, was required to "send in his papers."</p>
+
+<p>Besides losing his commission, Cornet Heald had, in his marriage, all
+unwittingly laid up a peck of fresh trouble for himself. This was
+brought to a head by the action of his spinster aunt, Miss Susannah
+Heald, who, until he came of age, had been his guardian. Suspecting
+Lola of a "past," she set herself to pry into it. Gathering that her
+nephew's inamorata had already been married, she employed enquiry
+agents to look into this previous union and discover just how and when
+it had been dissolved. They did their work well, and reported that the
+divorce decree of seven years earlier had not been made absolute, and
+that Lola's first husband, Captain James, was still alive. Armed with
+this knowledge, Miss Heald hurried off to the authorities, and, having
+"laid an information," had Lola Montez arrested for bigamy.</p>
+
+<p>The case was heard at Marlborough Street police court,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[172]</a></span> with Mr.
+Bingham sitting as Magistrate. Mr. Clarkson conducted the prosecution,
+and Mr. Bodkin appeared for the defence.</p>
+
+<p>"The proceedings of a London police court," declared <i>John Bull</i>,
+"have seldom presented a case more fruitful of matter for public
+gossip than was exhibited in the investigation at Marlborough Street,
+where the mediated wife of a British officer (and one invested with
+the distinction of Royal favouritism) answered a charge of imputed
+bigamy.... It will readily be inferred that we allude to that
+extraordinary personage known as Lola Montez, <i>alias</i> the Countess of
+Landsfeld."</p>
+
+<p>Lola had, as the theatrical world would put it, dressed for the part.
+She had probably rehearsed it, too. She wore, we learn, "a black silk
+costume, under a velvet jacket, and a plain white straw bonnet trimmed
+with blue ribbons." As became a countess, she was not required to sit
+in the dock, but was given a chair in front of it. "There," said a
+reporter, "she appeared quite unembarrassed, and smiled frequently as
+she made a remark to her husband. She was described on the charge
+sheet as being twenty-four years of age, but in our opinion she has
+the look of a woman of at least thirty."</p>
+
+<p>"In figure," added a second occupant of the press box, "madam is
+rather plump, and of middle height, with pale complexion, unusually
+large blue eyes and long black lashes. Her reputed husband, Mr. Heald,
+is a tall young man of boyish aspect, fair hair and small brown
+moustachios and whiskers. During the whole of the proceedings he sat
+with the Countess's hand clasped in his, occasionally giving it a
+fervent squeeze, and murmuring fondly in her ear."</p>
+
+<p>All being ready, Mr. Clarkson opened the case for the prosecution.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The offence imputed to the lady at the bar," he said, "is
+that, well knowing her husband, Captain Thomas James, was
+still alive, she contracted another marriage with this young
+gentleman, Mr. George Trafford Heald. If this be
+established,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[173]</a></span> serious consequences must follow, as I shall
+prove that the Ecclesiastical Court merely granted a decree
+<i>a mensa et thoro</i>." He then put in a copy of this document,
+and pointed out that, by its provisions, neither party was
+free to re-marry during the lifetime of the other. Counsel
+also submitted an extract from the register of the Hanover
+Square church, showing that, on July 19, the defendant had,
+under the name of "Maria Torres de Landsfeld," gone through
+a ceremony of marriage with Cornet Heald.</p></div>
+
+<p>Police-sergeant Gray, who had executed the warrant, described the
+arrest.</p>
+
+<p>"When I told her she must come along with me, the lady up and said:
+'This is all rubbish. I was properly divorced from Captain James by
+Act of Parliament. Lord Brougham was present when the divorce was
+granted. I don't know if Captain James is still alive or not, and I
+don't care a little bit. I was married to him in the wrong name, and
+that made the whole thing illegal.'"</p>
+
+<p>"Did she say anything else?" enquired the magistrate.</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, Your Worship," returned the sergeant, consulting his note-book.
+"She said: 'What on earth will the Royal Family say when they hear of
+this? There's bound to be the devil of a fuss.'"</p>
+
+<p>"Laughter in Court!" chronicled the pressmen.</p>
+
+<p>"And what did you say to that?" enquired Mr. Bingham.</p>
+
+<p>"I said that anything she said would be taken down by myself and used
+in evidence against her," was the glib response.</p>
+
+<p>The execution of the warrant would appear to have been carried out in
+dramatic fashion.</p>
+
+<p>Having evidently got wind of what was awaiting her, Lola and the
+Cornet had packed their luggage and arranged to leave England. Just as
+they were stepping into their carriage, Miss Susannah Heald and her
+solicitor, accompanied by a couple of police officers, drove up in a
+cab to Half Moon Street. When the latter announced that they had a
+warrant<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[174]</a></span> for her arrest, there was something of a scene. "The
+Countess," declared an imaginative reporter (who must have been
+hovering on the doorstep), "exhibited all the appearance of excessive
+passion. She used very strong language, pushed the elderly Miss Heald
+aside, and bustled her husband in vigorous fashion. However, she soon
+cooled down, and, on being escorted to Vine Street police station,
+where the charge of bigamy was booked, she graciously apologised for
+any trouble she had given the representatives of the law. She then
+begged permission to light a cigar, and suggested that the constables
+on duty there should join her in a social whiff."</p>
+
+<p>Miss Susannah Heald, described as "an aged lady," deposed that she was
+Cornet Heald's aunt, and that she had been appointed his guardian
+during his minority, which had only just expired. She was bringing the
+action, she insisted, "from a sense of duty."</p>
+
+<p>Another witness was Captain Charles Ingram, a mariner in the service
+of the East India Company. He identified the accused as the Mrs. James
+who had sailed in a ship under his command from Calcutta to London in
+the year 1842.</p>
+
+<p>While an official return, prepared by the military authorities, showed
+Captain James to have been alive on June 13, there was none to show
+that he was still in the land of the living on July 19, the date of
+the alleged bigamous marriage. The prosecution affected to consider
+this point unimportant. The magistrate, however (on whom Lola's bright
+eyes had done their work), did not agree.</p>
+
+<p>"The point," he said, "is, to my mind, very important. During the
+interval that elapsed between these two dates many things may have
+happened which would render this second marriage quite legal. It is
+possible, for instance, that Captain James may have been snatched from
+this world to another one by any of those numerous casualties&mdash;such as
+wounds in action or cholera&mdash;that are apt to befall members of the
+military profession serving in a tropical climate. What do you say to
+that, Mr. Clarkson?"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[175]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Mr. Clarkson had nothing to say. Mr. Bodkin, however, when it came to
+his turn, had a good deal to say. The charge against his client was,
+he declared, "in all his professional experience, absolutely
+unparalleled." Neither the first nor the second husband, he pointed
+out, had advanced any complaint; and the offence, if any, had been
+committed under circumstances that fully justified it. He did not wish
+to hint at improper motives on the part of Miss Heald, but it was
+clear, he protested, that her attitude was governed by private, and
+not by public, ends. None the less, he concluded, "I am willing to
+admit that enough has been put before the Court to justify further
+enquiry."</p>
+
+<p>Such an admission was a slip which even the very rawest of counsel
+should have avoided. It forced the hand of the magistrate.</p>
+
+<p>"I am asked," he said, "to act on a presumption of guilt. As proof of
+guilt is wanting, I am reluctant to act on such presumption, even to
+the extent of granting a remand, unless the prosecution can assure me
+that more evidence will be offered at another hearing. Since, however,
+the defendant's own advocate has voluntarily admitted that there is
+ground for further enquiry, I am compelled to order a remand. But the
+accused will be released from custody on providing two sureties of
+&pound;500 each, and herself in one of &pound;1000."</p>
+
+<p>The adjourned proceedings began a week later, and were heard by
+another magistrate, Mr. Hardwick. This time, however, there was no
+defendant, for, on her name being called by the usher, Mr. Bodkin
+pulled a long face and announced that his client had left England. "I
+cannot," he said, "offer any reason for her absence." Still, he had a
+suggestion. "It is possible," he said, "that she has gone abroad for
+the benefit of her health." The question of estreating the
+recognizances then arose. While not prepared to abandon them
+altogether, counsel for the prosecution was sufficiently generous to
+say that so far as he was concerned no objection would be offered to
+extending them.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[176]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>When, after two more adjournments, the defendant still failed to
+surrender to her bail, the magistrate and counsel for the prosecution
+altered their tone.</p>
+
+<p>"Your Worship," said Mr. Clarkson, "it has come to my knowledge that
+the person whose real name is Mrs. James, and who is charged with the
+felonious crime of bigamy, is now some hundreds of miles beyond your
+jurisdiction, and does not mean to appear. Accordingly, on behalf of
+the highly respectable Miss Heald, I now ask that the recognizances be
+forfeited. My client has been actuated all through by none but the
+purest motives, her one object being to remove the only son of a
+beloved brother from a marriage that was as illegal as it was
+disgraceful. If we secure evidence from India that Captain James is
+still alive, we shall then adopt the necessary steps to remove this
+deluded lad from the fangs of this scheming woman."</p>
+
+<p>"Let the recognizances be estreated," was the magisterial comment.</p>
+
+<p>"Sensation!" scribbled the reporters.</p>
+
+<p>Serjeant Ballantine, who liked to have a hand in all <i>causes
+c&eacute;l&egrave;bres</i>, declares that he was consulted by Lola's solicitors, with a
+view to undertaking her defence. If so, he would seem to have read his
+instructions very casually, since he adds: "I forget whether the
+prosecution was ultimately dropped, or whether she left England before
+any result was arrived at. My impression is that the charge could not
+have been substantiated."</p>
+
+<p>Ignoring the fact that the case was still <i>sub judice</i>, the <i>Observer</i>
+offered its readers some severe comments:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The Helen of the age is most assuredly Lola Montez, <i>alias</i>
+Betsy James, <i>alias</i> the Gr&auml;fin von Lansfelt, <i>alias</i> Mrs.
+Heald. As far as can be gathered from her dark history, her
+first public act was alleged adultery, as her last is
+alleged bigamy.... The evidence produced before the
+Consistory Court is of the most clear and convincing nature,
+and proves that the character of this lady (whose fame has
+become so <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[177]</a></span>disgustingly notorious) has been from an early
+date that of a mere wanton, alike unmindful of the sacred
+ties of matrimony and utterly careless of the opinion of the
+world upon morality or religion."</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a name="pic_15" id="pic_15"></a>
+<img src="images/image_16.jpg" width="500" height="738" alt="Lola Montez in London. Aged thirty
+
+(Engraved by Auguste H&uuml;ssner)"  />
+<span class="caption">Lola Montez in London. Aged thirty
+
+(Engraved by Auguste H&uuml;ssner)</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>By the way, during the police court proceedings, fresh light on the
+subject of Lola's parentage was furnished by an odd entry in an Irish
+paper:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Lola Montez, Countess of Landsfeld, is the daughter of a
+Cork lady. Her mother was at one time employed as a member
+of a millinery establishment in this city; and was married
+here to Lieutenant Gilbert, an officer in the army. Soon
+after the marriage, he sailed with his wife and child to
+join his regiment in India. At the end of last year, Lola's
+mother, who is now in delicate health, visited her sister in
+Cork."</p></div>
+
+
+<h3>IV</h3>
+
+<p>Thanks to the bright eyes of Lola (or perhaps to the musical jingle of
+the Cornet's cash bags), a very loose watch was kept on the pair.
+Hence the reason why the Countess of Landsfeld (as she still insisted
+on being called) had not kept her second appointment at Marlborough
+Street was because, together with the dashing ex-Life Guardsman, she
+had left England early that morning. Travelling as Mr. and Mrs. Heald,
+the pair went, first, to Paris, and then to Italy.</p>
+
+<p>A British tourist who happened to be in Naples wrote to <i>The Times</i>,
+giving an account of a glimpse he had of them. According to him, the
+couple, "a youthful bridegroom and a fair lady," accompanied by a
+courier, a <i>femme de chambre</i>, and a carriage, took rooms at the Hotel
+Vittoria. After one night there, they left the next morning, hiring a
+special steamer, at a cost of &pound;400, to take them to Marseilles. The
+hurried departure was said to be due to a lawyer's letters that was
+waiting for the bridegroom at his banker's. "I am told," adds the
+correspondent, "that Mr. and Mrs. Heald were bound on an excursion to
+the Pyramids; and that, when the little business for which the lady is
+wanted at home has been settled, they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[178]</a></span> mean to prosecute their
+intention. Pray, sir, help Mrs. Heald out of her present affliction.
+Is this the first time that a lady has had two husbands? And is she
+not bound for the East, where every man has four wives?"</p>
+
+<p>The booby Cornet, with his ideas limited to fox-hunting and a study of
+<i>Ruff's Guide</i>, was no mate for a brilliant woman like Lola. Hence
+disagreements soon manifested themselves. A specially serious one
+would seem to have arisen at Barcelona, for, says a letter from a
+mutual acquaintance, "the Countess and her husband had a warm
+discussion, which ended in an attempt by her to stab him. Mr. Heald,
+objecting to such a display of conjugal affection, promptly quitted
+the town."</p>
+
+<p>Further particulars were supplied by another correspondent: "I saw Mr.
+Heald," says this authority. "He is a tall, thin young man, with a
+fair complexion, and often uses rouge to hide his pallor. Many pity
+him for what has happened. Others, however, pity the lovely Lola.
+Before he left this district, Mr. Heald called on the English Consul.
+'I have come,' he said,'to ask your advice. Some of my friends here
+suggest that I should leave my wife. What ought I to do about it? If I
+stop with her, I am afraid of being assassinated or poisoned.' He then
+exhibited a garment covered with blood. The Consul replied: 'I am
+positively astonished that, after the attack of which you speak, you
+did not complain to the police, and that you have since lived with
+your wife on terms of intimacy. If you want to abandon her, you must
+do as you think best. I cannot advise you.'"</p>
+
+<p>H.B.M. Consul, however, did stretch a point, since he (perhaps fearing
+further bloodshed) offered to <i>viser</i> the applicant's passport for any
+other country. Thereupon, Mr. Heald betook himself to Mataro. But,
+becoming conscience-smitten, he promptly sat down and wrote an
+apologetic letter to the lady he left behind him, begging her
+forgiveness. "If you should ever have reason to complain of me again,"
+he said, "this letter will always act as a talisman."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[179]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Apparently it had the effect, for Lola returned to her penitent
+spouse.</p>
+
+<p>The Barcelona correspondent of <i>L'Assembl&eacute;e Nationale</i> managed to
+interview the Cornet.</p>
+
+<p>"He says," announced this authority, "that others persuaded him to
+depart, against his real wishes. On rejoining him, Mrs. Heald was most
+indignant. Her eyes positively flashed fire; and, if she should chance
+to encounter the men who took her husband from her, I quite tremble to
+think what will happen!"</p>
+
+<p>Something obviously did happen, for, according to de Mirecourt,
+"during their sojourn in Sunny Spain, the admirable English husband
+made his wife the gratified mother of two beautiful offspring."
+Parenthood, however, would appear to have had an odd effect upon this
+couple, for, continues de Mirecourt: "<i>Mais, en d&eacute;pit de ces gages
+d'amour, leur bonheur est troubl&eacute; par des querelles intestines.</i>"</p>
+
+<p>It was from Spain that, having adjusted their differences temporarily,
+the couple went back to Paris. As a peace offering, a rising young
+artist, Claudius Jacquand, was commissioned to paint both their
+portraits on a single canvas. During, however, another domestic
+rupture, Heald demanded that Lola's features should be painted out. "I
+want nothing," he said, "to remind me of that woman." Unfortunately,
+Lola had just made a similar demand where the Cornet was concerned.
+Jacquand was a man of talent, but he could not do impossibilities.
+Thereupon, Lola, breathing fire and fury, took the canvas away and
+hung it with its back to the front in her bedroom. "To allow my
+husband to watch me always would," she said, "be indelicate!"</p>
+
+<p>There is a theory that, within the next twelve months, the
+ill-assorted union was dissolved by Heald getting upset in a
+rowing-boat and drowned in Lisbon harbour. The theory, however, is a
+little difficult to reconcile with the fact that, on the close of the
+Great Exhibition at the end of 1851, he attended an auction of the
+effects, where he bought a parquet<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[180]</a></span> floor and had it laid down in his
+drawing-room at Berrymead Priory. After this he had a number of
+structural alterations added; fitted the windows with some stained
+glass, bearing his crest and initials; and, finally, did not give up
+the lease until 1855. Pretty good work, this, for a man said to have
+met with a watery grave six years earlier.</p>
+
+<p>As a matter of strict fact, Cornet Heald was not drowned, either at
+Lisbon or anywhere else. He died in his bed at Folkestone, in 1856.
+The medical certificate attributed the cause of death to consumption.
+In the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, however, the diagnosis was different,
+viz., "broken heart."</p>
+
+<p>All things pass. In 1859 the executors of the dashing Cornet sold the
+Berrymead property for &pound;7000, to be repurchased soon afterwards for
+&pound;23,000 by a land-development company. The house now serves as the
+premises of the Priory Constitutional Club, Acton. A certain amount of
+evidence of Cornet Heald's one-time occupancy still exists. Thus his
+crest and motto, <i>Nemo sibi Nascitur</i>, are let into the mosaic
+flooring of the hall, and the drawing-room ceiling is embellished with
+his initials picked out in gold.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[181]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XIII" id="CHAPTER_XIII"></a>CHAPTER XIII</h2>
+
+<h3>ODYSSEY</h3>
+
+
+<h3>I</h3>
+<div class="figleft"><img class="img1" src="images/image_32.jpg" alt="N" width="56" height="50" /></div>
+
+<p>otwithstanding the tie of alleged parenthood, domestic relations
+between them did not improve, and the couple soon parted. The
+knowledge that she was still "wanted" there kept Lola out of England.
+Instead, she went to Paris, where such unpleasantnesses as warrants
+could not touch her. There she was given a warm welcome, by old
+friends and new.</p>
+
+<p>During this visit to Paris an unaccustomed set-back was experienced.
+She received it from &Eacute;mile de Girardin, of whom she endeavoured to
+make a conquest. But this "wild-eyed, pale-faced man of letters," as
+she called him, would have none of her. Perhaps he remembered what had
+befallen Dujarier.</p>
+
+<p>As was to be expected, the coming among them of Lola Montez attracted
+the attention of the <i>courrierists</i>, who earned many welcome francs by
+filling columns with details of her career. What they did not know
+about it they invented. They knew very little. Thus, one such article
+(appropriately signed "Fantasio") read as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Madame Lola Montez, who is now happily returned to us, is
+the legitimate spouse of Sir Thomas James, an officer of the
+English Army. Milord Sir James loved to drink and the
+beautiful Lola loved to flirt. A wealthy Prince of Kabul was
+willing to possess her for her weight in gold and gems. Up
+till now, her principal love affairs have been with Don
+Enriquez, a Spaniard, Br&ucirc;le-Tout, a well-developed French
+mariner, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[182]</a></span> John, a phlegmatic Englishman. One day Sir
+James bet that he could drink three bottles of brandy in
+twenty minutes. While he was thus occupied, the amorous Lola
+made love to three separate gallants."</p>
+
+<p>"It will doubtless," added a second, "be gratifying to her
+pride to queen it again in Paris, where she was once hissed
+off the stage. There she will at any rate now be received at
+the Bavarian Embassy, and exhibit the Order of Maria
+Theresa. She was invested with this to the considerable
+scandal of the Munich nobility, who cannot swallow the idea
+of such a distinction being bestowed on a dancer."</p></div>
+
+<p>This sort of thing and a great deal more in a similar strain, was
+accepted as gospel by its readers. But for those who wished her ill,
+any lie was acceptable. Thus, although there was not a scrap of
+evidence to connect her with the incident, a paragraph, headed "Lola
+Again?" was published in the London papers:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Yesterday afternoon an extraordinary scene was witnessed by
+the promenaders in the Champs Elys&eacute;es. Two fashionably
+attired ladies, driving in an elegant equipage, were heard
+to be employing language that was anything but refined. From
+words to blows, for suddenly they began to assault one
+another with vigorous smacks. The toilettes and faces of the
+fair contestants were soon damaged; and, loud cries of
+distress being uttered, the carriage was stopped, and,
+attracted by the fracas, some gentlemen hurried to render
+assistance. As a result of their interference, one of the
+damsels was expelled from the vehicle, and the other ordered
+the coachman to drive her to her hotel. This second lady is
+familiar to the public by reason of her adventures in
+Bavaria.</p></div>
+
+<p>Albert Vandam, a singularly objectionable type of journalist, who
+professed to be on intimate terms with everybody in Paris worth
+knowing, has a number of offensive and unjustifiable allusions to Lola
+Montez at this period of her<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[183]</a></span> career. He talks of her "consummate
+impudence," of her "pot-house wit," and of her "grammatical errors,"
+and dubs her, among other things, "this almost illiterate schemer."</p>
+
+<p>"Lola Montez," says the egregious Vandam, "could not make friends." He
+was wrong. This was just what she could do. She made many staunch and
+warm-hearted friends. It was because she snubbed him on account of his
+pushfulness that Vandam elected to belittle her.</p>
+
+<p>Lola Montez chose her friends for their disposition, not for their
+virtue. One of them was George Sand, "the possessor of the largest
+mind and the smallest foot in Paris." She also became intimate with
+Alphonsine Plessis, and constantly visited the future "Lady of the
+Camelias" in her <i>appartement</i> on the Boulevard de la Madeleine.
+Another <i>habitu&eacute;</i> there at this period was Lola's old Dresden flame,
+the Abb&eacute; Liszt, who, not confining his attentions to the romanticists,
+had no compunction about poaching on the preserves of Dumas <i>fils</i>,
+or, for that matter, of anybody else. As for the fair, but frail,
+Alphonsine, she said quite candidly that she was "perfectly willing to
+become his mistress, if he wanted it, but was not prepared to share
+the position." As Liszt had other ideas on the subject, the suggestion
+came to nothing.</p>
+
+<p>Some years afterwards, one of his pupils, an American young woman, Amy
+Fay, took his measure in a book, <i>Music-study in Germany</i>:</p>
+
+<p>"Liszt," she wrote, "is the most interesting and striking-looking man
+imaginable. Tall and slight, with deep-set eyes, shaggy eyebrows and
+long iron-grey hair which he wears parted in the middle. His mouth
+turns up at the corners, which gives him a most crafty and
+Mephistophelean expression when he smiles, and his whole appearance
+and manner have a sort of Jesuitical elegance and ease."</p>
+
+<p>Before she set out on this journey, Lola wrote to an acquaintance:
+"What makes men and women distinguished is their individuality; and it
+is for that I will conquer or die!" Of this quality, she had enough
+and to spare. Her Paris life<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[184]</a></span> was hectic; or, as the Boulevardiers put
+it, <i>elle faisait la bombe</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Among the tit-bits of gossip served up by a reporter was the
+following:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Lola is constantly giving tea-parties in her Paris flat. A
+gentleman who is frequently bidden to them tells us that her
+masculine guests are restricted to such as have left their
+wives, and that the feminine guests consist of ladies who
+have left their husbands."</p></div>
+
+<p>An Englishman whom she met at this time was Savile Morton, a friend of
+Thackeray and Tennyson. One night when she was giving a supper-party,
+a fellow-guest, Roger de Beauvoir, happened to read to the company
+some verses he had written. The hostess, on the grounds of their
+alleged "coarseness," complained to Morton that she had been insulted.
+As a result, Morton, being head over ears in love with her, sent de
+Beauvoir a challenge. Lola, however, having had enough of duels, took
+care that nothing should come of it; and insisted that an apology
+should be given and accepted.</p>
+
+<p>At one time she was optimistic enough to take a villa at Beaujon on a
+fifteen years' lease, and had it refurnished in sumptuous fashion on
+credit. The first two instalments of the rent were met. When, however,
+the landlord called to collect the third one, he was put off with the
+excuse that: "Mr. Heald was away and had forgotten to send the money,
+but would be back in a week." This story might have been accepted, had
+not the landlord discovered that his tenant was planning to leave
+surreptitiously and that some of the furniture had already been
+removed. As a result, a body of indignant tradesmen, accompanied by
+the Maire of the district, in tricoloured sash and wand of office
+complete, betook themselves to the villa and demanded a settlement of
+accounts for goods delivered. This time they were told that the money
+had arrived, but that the key of the box in which it had been
+deposited for safety was lost. Assuring them that she would fetch a
+locksmith, Lola slipped out of the house, and, stepping<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[185]</a></span> into a
+waiting cab, drove off to a new address near the &Eacute;toile. This was the
+last that the creditors saw of her.</p>
+
+<p>In January, 1851, Lola, setting an example that has since then become
+much more common among theatrical ladies, compiled her "memoirs." When
+the editor of <i>Le Pays</i> undertook to publish them in his columns, a
+rival editor, jealous of the "scoop," referred to their author as
+"Madame James, once Madame Heald, formerly Mlle Lola Montez, and for
+nearly a quarter of an hour the Countess of Landsfeld."</p>
+
+<p>The work was dedicated to her old patron, King Ludwig, with a florid
+<i>avant-propos</i>:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Sire: In publishing my memoirs, my purpose is to reveal to a
+world still engulfed in a vulgar materialism Your Majesty's
+lofty thoughts about art, poetry, and philosophy. The
+inspiration of this book, Sire, is due to yourself, and to
+those other remarkable men whom Fortune&mdash;always the
+protector of my younger years&mdash;has given me as councillors
+and friends.</p></div>
+
+<p>Lola must have written with more candour than tact. At any rate, after
+the first three chapters had appeared, the editor of <i>Le Pays</i>, on the
+grounds that they would "shock his purer readers," refused to continue
+the series. "We positively decline," he announced, "to sully our
+columns further."</p>
+
+
+<h3>II</h3>
+
+<p>Authorship having thus proved a failure, Lola, swallowing her
+disappointment, directed her thoughts to her old love, the ballet. To
+this end, she placed herself in the hands of a M. Roux; and, a number
+of engagements having been secured by him, she began a provincial tour
+at Bordeaux. By the time it was completed the star and her manager
+were on such bad terms that, when they got back to Paris, the latter
+was dismissed. Thereupon, he hurried off to a notary, and brought an
+action against his employer, claiming heavy damages.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[186]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>According to Ma&icirc;tre Desmaret, his client, M. Roux, had been engaged in
+the capacity of <i>pilote interm&eacute;diare</i> during a prospective tour in
+Europe and America. For his services he was to have 25 per cent of the
+box-office receipts. On this understanding he had accompanied his
+principal to a number of towns. He then returned to Paris; and while
+he was negotiating there for the defendant's appearance at the
+Vaudeville, he suddenly discovered that she was planning to go to
+America without him. As a result, he was now claiming damages for
+breach of contract. These he laid at the modest figure of 10,000
+francs.</p>
+
+<p>M. Blot-Lequesne, on behalf of Lola Montez, had a somewhat different
+story to tell. The plaintiff himself, he declared, wanted to get out
+of the contract and had deliberately disregarded its terms. His
+client, he said, had authorised him to accept an engagement for her to
+dance six times a week; but, in his anxiety to make additional profit
+for himself, he had compelled her to dance six times a day. Apart from
+this, he had "signally failed to respect her dignity as a woman, and
+had invented ridiculous stories about her career." He had even done
+worse, for, "without her knowledge or sanction, he had compiled and
+distributed among the audiences where she appeared an utterly
+preposterous biography of his employer." This, among other matters,
+asserted that she had "lived and danced for eleven years in China and
+Persia; and that she had been befriended by the dusky King of Nepaul,
+as well as by numerous rajahs."</p>
+
+<p>The concluding passage from this effort was read to the judge:</p>
+
+<p>"Ten substantial volumes would be filled with the chronicle of the
+eccentricities of Mlle Lola Montez, and much of them would still be
+left unsaid. In the year 1847 a great English lord married her in
+London. Unfortunately, they found themselves not in sympathy, and in
+1850 she returned to the dreams of her spring-time. The Countess has
+now completed one half of her projected tour. In November she leaves
+France for <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[187]</a></span>America and&mdash;well&mdash;God only knows what will happen
+then!"</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a name="pic_16" id="pic_16"></a>
+<img src="images/image_17.jpg" width="500" height="791" alt="A &quot;Belle of the Boulevards.&quot; Lola Montez in Paris"  />
+<span class="caption">A &quot;Belle of the Boulevards.&quot; Lola Montez in Paris</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>"As long," said counsel, "as the amiable Mlle Montez was treated by M.
+Roux like a wild animal exhibited at a country fair, she merely
+shrugged her shoulders in disgust. When, however, she saw how this
+abominable pamphlet lifted the curtain from her private life, it was
+another thing altogether. She expressed womanly indignation, and made
+a spirited response."</p>
+
+<p>"What was that?" enquired the judge, with interest.</p>
+
+<p>"She said: 'It is lucky for you, sir, that my husband is not here to
+protect me. If he were, he would certainly pull your nose!'"</p>
+
+<p>As was inevitable, this expression of opinion shattered the <i>entente</i>,
+and the manager returned to Paris by himself. Hearing nothing from
+him, Lola Montez thought that she was at liberty to make her own
+plans, and had accordingly arranged the American tour without his
+help.</p>
+
+<p>On November 6, 1851, continued counsel, Lola Montez arrived in Paris,
+telling M. Roux that she would leave for America on November 20, but
+that she would fulfil any engagement he secured during the interval.
+Just before she was ready to start he said he had got her one, but he
+would not tell her where it was or produce any written contract.</p>
+
+<p>Accepting this version as the correct one, the Court pronounced
+judgment in favour of Lola Montez.</p>
+
+
+<h3>III</h3>
+
+<p>M. Roux having thus been dismissed with a flea in his ear, Lola, on
+the advice of Peter Goodrich, the American consul in Paris, next
+engaged Richard Storrs Willis (a brother of N. P. Willis, the American
+poet) to look after her business affairs, and left Europe for America.
+As the good ship <i>Humbolt</i>, by which she was sailing, warped into
+harbour at New York, a salute of twenty-one guns thundered from the
+Battery. Lola, mightily pleased, took this expenditure of ammunition
+as a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[188]</a></span> tribute to herself. When, however, she discovered that it was
+really to herald the coming of Louis Kossuth, who also happened to be
+on board, she registered annoyance and retired to her cabin, to nurse
+her wrath. A Magyar patriot to be more honoured than an English
+ex-favourite of a King! What next?</p>
+
+<p>"A gentleman travelling with her informed our representative," said
+the <i>New York Herald</i>, "that Madame had declared Kossuth to be a great
+humbug. The Countess was a prodigious favourite among the masculine
+passengers during the voyage, and continually kept them in roars of
+laughter."</p>
+
+<p>But, if disappointed in one respect, Lola derived a measure of
+compensation from the fact that the bevy of reporters who met the
+vessel found her much more interesting than the stranger from Hungary.</p>
+
+<p>"Madame Lola Montez," remarked one of them, who had gone off with a
+bulging note-book, crammed with enough "copy" to fill a column, "says
+that a number of shocking falsehoods about her have been published in
+our journals. Yet she insists she is not the woman she is credited (or
+discredited) with being. If she were, her admirers, she thinks, would
+be still more plentiful than they are. She expresses herself as
+fearful that she will not have proper consideration in New York; but
+she trusts that the great American public will suspend judgment until
+they have made her acquaintance."</p>
+
+<p>"The Countess of Landsfeld, who is now among us," adds a second
+scribe, "owes more to the brilliancy of intellect with which Heaven
+has gifted her than to her world-wide celebrity as an artiste. Her
+person and bearing are unmistakably aristocratic. If we may credit the
+stories which from time to time have reached us, she can, if
+necessary, use her riding-whip in vigorous fashion about the ears of
+any offending biped or quadruped. In America she is somewhat out of
+her latitude. Paris should be her real home."</p>
+
+<p>For the present, however, Lola decided to stop where she was.</p>
+
+<p>While she was in America on this tour, Barnum wanted to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[189]</a></span> be her
+impresario, and promised "special terms." Despite, however, the lure
+of "having her path garlanded with flowers and her carriage drawn by
+human hands from hotel to theatre," the offer was not accepted.</p>
+
+<p>The New York d&eacute;but of Lola Montez was made on December 29, 1851, in a
+ballet: <i>Betly, the Tyrolean</i>. Public excitement ran high, for
+appetites had been whetted by the sensational accounts of her "past"
+with which the papers were filled.</p>
+
+<p>"Scandal does not necessarily create a great dancer," declared one
+rigid critic; and a second had a long column, headed: "<span class="smcap">MONTEZ</span> <i>v.</i>
+<span class="smcap">RESPECTABILITY</span>," in which he observed (thoughtfully supplying a
+translation): "<i>Parturiunt</i> <span class="smcap">MONTEZ</span>, <i>nascitur ridiculus mus</i>." All the
+same, the box-office reported record business. As a result, prices
+were doubled, and the seats put up to auction.</p>
+
+<p>If she had her enemies in the press, Lola also had her champions
+there. Just before she arrived, one of them, a New York paper, took up
+the cudgels on her behalf in vigorous fashion:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>The most funny proceeding that is going on in this town is
+the terrible to-do that is being made about Lola Montez. If
+this state of things continues we will guarantee a
+continuance of the fun after Lola makes her advent among us,
+for if she doesn't properly horse-whip those squeamish
+gentlemen we are much mistaken in her character.</p>
+
+<p>Now we want to call the attention of our fair-minded readers
+to a few other matters that are sure to occur. Here are the
+various papers pouring out a torrent of abuse on Lola. What
+will it all amount to? In a few weeks she will land. In a
+few weeks a popular theatre will be occupied by her, and
+tens of thousands will throng that theatre. The manager will
+reap a fortune, and so will Lola Montez; and those
+short-sighted conductors of the Press will be begging for
+tickets and quarrelling among themselves as to who<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[190]</a></span> can say
+the most extravagant things in her favour. Public curiosity
+will be gratified at any price; and if Lola Montez is a
+capital dancer she will soon dance down all opposition. With
+what grace can the public talk about virtue in a public
+actress, when they have followed in the wake of an <span class="smcap">ELSSLER</span>?
+If the private character of a public actress is to be the
+criterion by which to judge of her professional merit, then
+half the theatres would be compelled to shut their doors.</p>
+
+<p>We are as independently correct as any other paper that
+exists. We don't care a straw whether we go on with or
+without the other newspapers. We will do justice and say
+what is true, regardless of popularity. We detest hypocrisy;
+and we have no disposition to make a mountain out of a
+molehill, or to see a mote in the eye of Lola Montez, and
+not discover a beam in the eye of Fanny Elssler, or of any
+of the other great dancers or actresses.</p>
+
+<p>"What is Lola Montez?" enquire the public. A good dancer,
+says the manager of a theatre. She is also notorious. The
+public will crowd the theatre to see her and to judge
+whether she is not also a good actress; and if they get
+their money's worth, they are satisfied. They do not pay to
+judge of the former history of Lola Montez.... A few
+squeamish people cannot prevent Lola Montez from creating a
+sensation here, or from crowding from pit to dome any house
+where she may appear; and, as they will be the first to
+endorse her success, they would be more consistent were they
+to let her alone until she secures it.</p></div>
+
+<p>None the less, there was competition to meet. A great deal of
+competition, for counter-attractions were being offered in all
+directions. Thus, "Professor" Anderson was conjuring rabbits out of
+borrowed top hats; Thackeray was lecturing on "The English
+Humourists"; Macready was bellowing and posturing in Shakespeare;
+General Tom Thumb was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[191]</a></span> exhibiting his lack of inches; and Mrs. Bloomer
+was advancing the cause of "Trousers for Women!" Still, Lola more than
+held her own as a "draw."</p>
+
+<p>In January the bill was changed to <i>Diana and the Nymphs</i>. The fact
+that some of the "Nymphs" supporting the star adopted a costume a
+little suggestive of modern nudism appears to have upset a feminine
+critic.</p>
+
+<p>"When," was her considered opinion, "a certain piece first presented a
+partly unclothed woman to the gaze of a crowded auditory, she was met
+with a gasp of astonishment at the effrontery which dared so much. Men
+actually grew pale at the boldness of the thing; young girls hung
+their heads; a death-like silence fell over the house. But it passed;
+and, in view of the fact that these women were French ballet-dancers,
+they were tolerated."</p>
+
+<p>To show that she was properly qualified to express her views on such a
+delicate matter, this censor added: "Belonging, root and branch, to a
+theatrical family, I have not on that account been deemed unworthy to
+break bread at an imperial table, nor to grasp the hand of friendship
+extended to me by an English lordly divine."</p>
+
+<p>By the way, on this subject of feminine attire (or the lack of it) a
+rigid standard was also applicable to the audience's side of the
+curtain, and any departure from it met with reprisals. This is made
+clear by a shocked paragraph chronicling one such happening at another
+theatre:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"During the evening of our visit there transpired an
+occurrence to which we naturally have some delicacy in
+alluding. Since, however, it indicates a censorship in a
+quarter where refinement is perhaps least to be expected, it
+should not be suffered by us to pass unnoticed. In the
+stalls, which were occupied by a number of ladies and
+gentlemen in full evening costume, and of established social
+position, there was to be observed a woman whose remarkable
+lowness of corsage attracted much criticism. Indeed, it
+obviously scandalised the audience, among the feminine
+portion of which a painful<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[192]</a></span> sensation was abundantly
+perceptible. At last, their indignation found tangible
+expression; and a voice from the pit was heard to utter in
+measured accents a stern injunction that could apply to but
+one individual. Blushing with embarrassment, the offender
+drew her shawl across her uncovered shoulders. A few minutes
+later, she rose and left the house, amid well merited hisses
+from the gallery, and significant silence from the outraged
+occupants of the stalls and boxes."</p></div>
+
+<p>Decorum was one thing; <i>d&eacute;colletage</i> was another. In the considered
+opinion of 1851 the two did not blend.</p>
+
+<p>A certain Dr. Judd, who, in the intervals of his medical practice, was
+managing a Christy Minstrels entertainment at this period, has some
+recollections of Lola Montez. "Many a long chat," he says, "I had with
+her in our little bandbox of a ticket-office. Thackeray's <i>Vanity
+Fair</i> was being read in America just then, and Lola expressed to me
+great anger that the novelist should have put her into it as Becky
+Sharp. 'If he had only told the truth about me,' she said, 'I should
+not have cared, but he derived his inspiration from my enemies in
+England.'"</p>
+
+<p>This item appears to have been unaccountably missed by Thackeray's
+other historians.</p>
+
+
+<h3>IV</h3>
+
+<p>Lola's tastes were distinctly "Bohemian," and led her, while in New
+York, to be a constant visitor at Pfaff's underground <i>delicatessen</i>
+caf&eacute;, then a favourite haunt of the literary and artistic worlds of
+the metropolis. There she mingled with such accepted celebrities as
+Walt Whitman, W. Dean Howells, Commodore Vanderbilt, and that other
+flashing figure, Adah Isaacs Menken. She probably found in Pfaff's a
+certain resemblance to the Munich beer-halls with which she had been
+familiar. A bit of the Fatherland, as it were, carried across the
+broad Atlantic. German solids and German liquids; talk and laughter
+and jests among the company of actors and actresses and artists and
+journalists gathered night<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[193]</a></span> after night at the tables; everybody in a
+good temper and high spirits.</p>
+
+<p>Walt Whitman, inspired, doubtless, by beer, once described the place
+in characteristic rugged verse:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The vaults at Pfaff's, where the drinkers and laughers meet<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">to eat and drink and carouse,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">While on the walk immediately overhead pass the myriad feet<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">of Broadway.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>There was a good deal more of it, for, when he had been furnished with
+plenty of liquid refreshment, the Muse of Walt ran to length.</p>
+
+<p>From New York Lola set out on a tour to Philadelphia, St. Louis, and
+Boston. While in this last town, she "paid a visit of ceremony" to one
+of the public schools. Although the children there "expressed surprise
+and delight at the honour accorded them," the <i>Boston Transcript</i>
+shook its editorial head; and "referred to the visit in a fashion that
+aroused the just indignation of the lady and her friends."</p>
+
+<p>The cudgels were promptly taken up on her behalf by a New York
+journalist:</p>
+
+<p>"Lola Montez," he declared, "owes less of her strange fascination and
+world-wide celebrity to her powers as an <i>artiste</i> than to the
+extraordinary mind and brilliancy of intellect with which Heaven has
+thought fit to endow her. At one moment ruling a kingdom, through an
+imbecile monarch; and the next, the wife of a dashing young English
+lord.... Her person and bearing are unmistakably aristocratic. In her
+recent visit to one of our public schools she surprised and delighted
+the scholars by addressing them in the Latin language with remarkable
+facility."</p>
+
+<p>It would be of interest to learn the name of the "dashing young
+English lord." This, however, was probably a brevet rank conferred by
+the pressman on Cornet Heald.</p>
+
+<p>On April 27, 1852, Lola Montez appeared at the Albany Museum in
+selections from her repertoire. On this occasion she brought with her
+a "troupe of twelve dancing girls."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[194]</a></span> As an additional lure, the bills
+described these damsels as "all of them unmarried, and most of them
+under sixteen."</p>
+
+<p>But the attraction which proved the biggest success in her repertoire
+was a drama called <i>Lola in Bavaria</i>. This was said to be written by
+"a young literary gentleman of New England, the son of a somewhat
+celebrated poetess." The heroine, who was never off the stage for more
+than five minutes, was depicted in turns as a dancer, a politician, a
+countess, a revolutionary, and a fugitive; and among the other
+characters were Ludwig I, Eug&eacute;ne Sue, Dujarier, and Cornet Heald,
+while the setting offered "a correct representation of the Lola Montez
+palace at Munich." It seemed good value. At any rate, the public
+thought it was, and full houses were secured. But the critics
+restrained their raptures. "I sympathise," was the acid comment of one
+of them, "with the actresses who were forced to take part in such
+stuff"; and Joseph Daly described the heroine as "deserting a royal
+admirer to court the sovereign public." The author of this balderdash
+was one C. P. T. Ware, "a poor little hack playwright, who wrote
+anything for anybody."</p>
+
+<p>March of 1853 found Lola Montez fulfilling an engagement at the
+Vari&eacute;t&eacute;s Theatre, St. Louis. Kate Field, the daughter of the
+proprietor, wrote a letter on the subject to her aunt.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Well, Lola Montez appeared at father's theatre last night
+for the first time. The theatre was crowded from parquet to
+doors. She had the most beautiful eyes I ever saw. I liked
+her very much; but she performed a dumb girl, so I cannot
+say what she would do in speaking characters."</p></div>
+
+<p>During this engagement Lola apparently proved a little <i>difficile</i>,
+for her critic adds: "She is trying to trouble father as much as
+possible."</p>
+
+<p>Lola certainly was apt to "trouble" people with whom she came into
+contact. As an accepted "star," she had a high sense of her own
+importance and considered herself above mere rules. Once, when
+travelling from Niagara to Buffalo by train, she elected to sit in the
+baggage car and puff a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[195]</a></span> cigarette. "While," says a report, "thus
+cosily ensconced, she was discovered by the conductor and promptly
+informed by him that such behaviour was not permitted. Thereupon,
+Madame replied that it was her custom to travel where and how she
+pleased, and that she had frequently horse-whipped much bigger men
+than the conductor. This settled the matter, for the company's officer
+did not care to challenge the tigress."</p>
+
+<p>The visit to Buffalo was crowned with success. "Lola Montez," declared
+the <i>Troy Budget</i>, "has done what Mrs. McMahon failed to
+accomplish&mdash;she positively charmed the Buffaloes. This can perhaps be
+attributed to her judicious choice of the ex-Reverend Chauncey Burr,
+by whom she is accompanied on her tour in the capacity of
+business-manager."</p>
+
+<p>The choice of an "ex-Reverend" to conduct a theatrical tour seems,
+perhaps, a little odd. Still, as Lola once remarked: "It is a common
+enough thing in America for a bankrupt tradesman or broken-down jockey
+to become a lawyer, a doctor, or even a parson." Hence, from the
+pulpit to the footlights was no great step.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[196]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XIV" id="CHAPTER_XIV"></a>CHAPTER XIV</h2>
+
+<h3>THE "GOLDEN WEST"</h3>
+
+
+<h3>I</h3>
+
+<div class="figleft"><img class="img1" src="images/image_26.jpg" alt="A" width="51" height="50" /></div>
+
+<p>s this was before the days when actresses in search of publicity
+announce that they are <i>not</i> going to Hollywood, Lola had to hit on a
+fresh expedient to keep her name in the news. Ever fertile of
+resource, the one she now adopted was to give out that this would be
+her "positively last appearance, as she was abandoning the stage and
+becoming a nun." The scheme worked, and the box-office coffers were
+filled afresh. But Lola did not take the veil. Instead, she took a
+trip to California, sailing by the Isthmus route in the summer of
+1853.</p>
+
+<p>A ridiculous book, <i>The Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole</i>, with an
+introductory puff by a windbag, W. H. Russell, has a reference to this
+project:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Came one day Lola Montez, in the full zenith of her evil
+fame, bound for California, with a strange suite. A
+good-looking, bold woman, with fine, bad eyes and a
+determined bearing; dressed ostentatiously in perfect male
+attire, with shirt collar turned down over a lapelled coat,
+richly worked shirt front, black hat, French unmentionables,
+and natty polished boots with spurs. She carried in her hand
+a riding-whip.... An impertinent American,
+presuming&mdash;perhaps not unnaturally&mdash;upon her reputation,
+laid hold jestingly of the tails of her long coat; and, as a
+lesson, received a cut across his face that must have marked
+him for some days. I did not wait to see the row that
+followed, and was glad when the wretched woman rode off on
+the following morning.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[197]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Russell was not a fellow-passenger in the ship by which Lola
+travelled. Somebody else, however, who did happen to be one, gives a
+very different description of her conduct on the journey:</p>
+
+<p>"We had not been at sea one day," says Mrs. Knapp, "before all the
+saloon occupants were charmed by this lovely young woman. Her vivacity
+was infectious, and her <i>abandon</i> was always of a specially airy
+refinement."</p>
+
+<p>The arrival of Lola Montez at San Francisco would have eclipsed that
+of any Hollywood heroine of the present era. A vast crowd, headed by
+the City Fathers, "in full regalia," gathered at the quay. Flags
+decked the public buildings; guns fired a salute; bands played; and
+the schoolchildren were assembled to strew her path with flowers as
+she stepped down the gangway; and, "to the accompaniment of ringing
+cheers," the horses were taken from her carriage, which was dragged by
+eager hands through the streets to her hotel. "The Countess
+acknowledged the reception accorded her with a graceful inclination."</p>
+
+<p>"What if Europe has exiled her?" demanded an editorial. "This is of no
+consequence. After all, she is Lola Montez, acknowledged Mistress of
+Kings! She is beautiful above other women; she is gorgeous; she is
+irresistible; and we are genuinely proud to welcome her."</p>
+
+<p>Enveloped in legend, the reputation of the newcomer for "eccentricity"
+had preceded her. She lived up to this reputation, too, for, when the
+spirit moved her (and it did so quite often), she would dance in the
+beer gardens "for fun"; she had her hair cut short, when other women
+were affecting chignons; and&mdash;wonder of wonders&mdash;she would "actually
+smoke cigarettes in public." Clearly, a trifle ahead of her period.</p>
+
+<p>By the way, while she was in San Francisco, Lola is said to have
+renewed her acquaintance with the mysterious Jean Fran&ccedil;ois Montez,
+who, during the interval since they last met, had turned over a fresh
+leaf and was now married. But<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[198]</a></span> according to a chronicler: "The family
+felicity very soon succumbed to the lure of the lovely Lola." Without,
+too, any support for the assertion, a contributor of theatrical gossip
+dashed off an imaginative column, in which he declared her, among
+other things, to have been "the petted companion of Louis Napoleon";
+and also "the idolised dancer of the swells and wits of the capitals
+of the Old World, with the near relatives of royalty and the beaux of
+Paris for her intimates."</p>
+
+<p>This was going too far. Lola, much incensed, shook her dog-whip and
+threatened reprisals.</p>
+
+<p>"What's the matter with you?" demanded the journalist, astonished at
+the outburst, "it's good publicity, isn't it?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, but not the sort I want," was the response.</p>
+
+<p>Still, whether she wanted it, or not, Lola was soon to have a good
+deal more "publicity." This was because she suddenly appeared with a
+husband on her arm.</p>
+
+<p>Although the bridegroom, Patrick Purdy Hull, was a fellow-editor, the
+<i>Daily Alta</i>, of California, considered that the news value of the
+event was not worth more than a couple of lines:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"On the 2nd inst. Lola Montez and P. P. Hull, Esq., of this
+city (and late of the <i>San Francisco Whig</i>) were married at
+the Mission Dolores."</p></div>
+
+<p>Obviously regarding this as a somewhat meagre allowance, a New York
+journal furnished fuller details:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Among the recent domestic happenings of the times in
+California, the marriage of the celebrated Lola Montez will
+attract most attention. This distinguished lady has again
+united herself in the bonds of wedlock, the happy young man
+being Patrick Purdy Hull, Esq., formerly of Ohio, and for
+the past four years employed in the newspaper business in
+San Francisco.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Hull was a fellow-passenger with the fascinating
+Countess on her trip to California; and the acquaintance
+then formed fast ripened into an attachment which
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[199]</a></span>terminated fatally to his bachelorhood. The nuptials were
+consummated [<i>sic</i>] at the Holy Church of the Mission
+Dolores in the presence of a highly respectable gathering of
+prominent citizens.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a name="pic_17" id="pic_17"></a>
+<img src="images/image_18.jpg" width="500" height="744" alt="The &quot;Spider Dance.&quot; Cause of much criticism"  />
+<span class="caption">The &quot;Spider Dance.&quot; Cause of much criticism</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>The "prominent citizens" included "Governor Wainwright, Judge Wills,
+Captain McMichael, Mr. and Mrs. Clayton, and Beverley Saunders, Esq."
+An attempt was made to keep the ceremony secret; and, with this end in
+view, the invited guests were pledged not to divulge it beforehand. On
+the previous evening Captain McMichael, being something of a
+tactician, announced to them: "We do not yet know for certain that the
+affair will ever come off, and we may all be jolly well sold." When
+they assembled at the Mission Church, it looked as if this would
+happen, as neither of the couple appeared. Suddenly, however, they
+drove up in a carriage and entered the church. The "blushing bride,"
+says a reporter who had hidden behind a pillar, "carried a bouquet of
+orange blossoms, and the organ played 'The Voice that breathed o'er
+Eden'"; and another chronicler adds: "On the conclusion of the
+ceremony, all adjourned to partake of a splendid spread, with wine and
+cigars <i>ad lib.</i>" But this was not all, for: "Governor Wainwright,
+giving a significant wink, kissed the new-made bride, Mrs. Hull. His
+example was promptly followed by Mr. Henry Clayton, 'just to make the
+occasion memorable,' he said. 'Such is the custom of my country,'
+remarked Madame Lola. She was not kissed by anybody else, but she none
+the less had a pleasant word for all."</p>
+
+
+<h3>II</h3>
+
+<p>It was at Sacramento that Lola and her new husband began their married
+life. The conditions of the town were a little primitive just then;
+and even in the principal hotel the single guests were expected to
+sleep in dormitories. The cost of board and lodging (with bed in a
+bunk) was 150 dollars a week. As for the "board," standing items on
+the daily menu<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[200]</a></span> would be boiled leg of grizzly bear, donkey steak, and
+jack-rabbit. "No kickshaws" was the proud boast of every chef.</p>
+
+<p>In addition to his editorial labours (which were not unduly exacting),
+Hull was employed by the Government on census work, preparing
+statistics of the rapidly increasing population. But Lola, much to his
+annoyance, did not add to his figures for the Registrar-General's
+return. The footlights proved a stronger lure than maternity; and,
+almost immediately after her marriage, she accepted an engagement at
+one of the theatres, where she appeared as Lady Teazle. A countess in
+that part of the world being a novelty, the public rallied to the
+box-office in full force and "business" was phenomenal. Still,
+competition there, as elsewhere. Some of it, too, of a description
+that could not be ignored. Thus, Ole Bull was giving concerts at the
+Opera House, and causing hardened diggers to shed tears when he played
+"Home Sweet Home" to them on his violin; Edwin Booth, "supported by a
+powerful company," was mouthing Shakespeare, and tearing passion to
+tatters in the process; and a curious freak, billed as "Zoyara, the
+Hermaphrodite" (with a "certificate of genuineness, as to her
+equestrian skill and her virtues as a lady, from H.M. the King of
+Sardinia") was cramming the circus to capacity every afternoon and
+evening. Yet, notwithstanding His Majesty's "certificate," it is a
+fact that its recipient "married" a woman member of the troupe. "The
+long sustained deception has been dropped," says a paragraphist, "and
+the young man who assumed the name of 'Madame Zoyara' is now to be
+seen in correct masculine attire."</p>
+
+<p>Still, despite all this, Lola kept her public. After all, a countess
+was a countess. But, before long, there was a difference of opinion
+with the manager of the theatre in which she was appearing. Lola, who
+never brooked criticism, had "words" with him. High words, as it
+happened; and, flourishing her whip in his face, she tore up her
+contract and walked out of the building.</p>
+
+<p>"Get somebody else," she said. "I'm through."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[201]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The difference of opinion appears to have arisen because Lola elected
+to consider herself "insulted" by a member of the audience while she
+was dancing, and the manager had not taken her part. The next evening,
+accordingly, she made a speech in public, giving him a "bit of her
+mind." The result was, declared the <i>San Francisco Alta</i>, "the
+Countess came off the victor, bearing away the <i>bravas</i> and bouquets.
+At the conclusion of her address she was hailed by thunderous cheers,
+amid which she smiled sweetly, dropped a curtsey, and retired
+gracefully."</p>
+
+<p>Much to their surprise, those who imagined that the honours of the
+evening went to Lola read in the next issue of the <i>Californian</i> that
+"the applause was all sham, the paid enthusiasm of a hired house."
+This was more than flesh and blood could stand. At any rate, it was
+more than Lola could stand; and she sent the editor a fierce letter,
+challenging him to a duel. "I must request," was its last passage,
+"that this affair of honour be arranged by your seconds as soon as
+possible, as my time is quite as valuable as your own: <span class="smcap">Marie de
+Landsfeld-Hull</span> (<span class="smcap">Lola Montez</span>)."</p>
+
+<p>The editor of the <i>Californian</i> did not accept the suggestion.
+Instead, he applied the necessary balm, and the
+pistols-for-two-and-coffee-for-one order was countermanded.</p>
+
+
+<h3>III</h3>
+
+<p>A woman of moods, when Lola made a change, it was a complete one. She
+made one now. The artificiality of the towns, with their false
+standards and atmosphere of pretence, had begun to pall. She wanted to
+try a fresh <i>milieu</i>. Everybody was talking just then of Grass Valley,
+a newly opened-up district, set amid a background of the rugged
+Sierras, where gangs of miners were delving for gold in the bowels of
+Mother Earth, and, if half the accounts were true, amassing fortunes.
+Why not go there and see for herself? It would at least be a novel
+experience.</p>
+
+<p>No sooner said than done. Hiring a mule team and wagon,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[202]</a></span> and
+accompanied by Patrick Hull, she started off on a preliminary tour of
+inspection of the district.</p>
+
+<p>Travelling was unhurried in those leisurely days. There were several
+stoppages; and the roads were rough, and long detours had to be made
+to avoid yawning canyons. "At the end of two weeks from the time they
+left Sacramento behind them, Pat Hull and his charming bride wheeled
+across the mountains into Grass Valley."</p>
+
+<p>"There were about 1600 people in the township of Marysville at this
+period," says a chronicler, "and 1400 of them were of the masculine
+sex. The prospect of sudden riches was the attraction that drew them.
+England and the Continent were represented by some of the first
+families. A dozen were graduates of Oxford and Cambridge; there were
+two young relatives of Victor Hugo; there were a number of scions of
+the impoverished nobility of Bohemia; and several hundred Americans.
+Among the latter was William Morris Stewart, a Marysville lawyer, who
+was afterwards to become a senator and attorney-general."</p>
+
+<p>Grass Valley at this period (the autumn of 1853) was little more than
+a wilderness. The nearest town of any size was Nevada City, fringed by
+the shadows of the lofty Sierras. Between the gulches had sprung up as
+if by magic a forest of tented camps and tin-roofed shanties, with
+gambling-booths and liquor saloons by the hundred, in which bearded
+men dug hard by day, and played faro and monte and drank deep by
+night. Fortunes were made&mdash;and spent&mdash;and nuggets were common
+currency. The cost of living was very high. But it cost still more to
+be ill, since a grain of gold was the accepted tariff for a grain of
+quinine.</p>
+
+<p>The whole district was a melting-pot. Attracted by the prospect of the
+precious metal that was to be wrung from it, there had drifted into
+the Valley a flotsam and jetsam, representatives of all nations and of
+all callings. As was natural, Americans in the majority; but, with
+them, Englishmen and Frenchmen and Germans and Italians, plus an
+admixture of Chinamen<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[203]</a></span> and Kanakas; also an undesirable element of
+deserters from ships and convicts escaped from Australia. To keep them
+in some sort of order, rough justice was the rule. Mayors and sheriffs
+had arbitrary powers, and did not hesitate to employ them. Judge Lynch
+was supreme; and a length of hemp dangling from a branch was part of
+the equipment of every camp.</p>
+
+<p>With a full knowledge of all these possible drawbacks, Lola Montez
+looked upon Grass Valley and saw that it was good. Perhaps the Bret
+Harte atmosphere appealed to her. At any rate, she decided to settle
+down there temporarily; and, with this end in view, she persuaded Hull
+to buy a six-roomed cottage just above Marysville.</p>
+
+<p>When Lola Montez&mdash;for all that she had a wedding-ring on her finger,
+she still stuck to the name&mdash;arrived there with her new husband, the
+conditions of life in Grass Valley were a little primitive. A
+telegraph service did not exist; and letters were collected and
+delivered irregularly. Transport with the outer world was by stage
+coach and mule and pony express. Whisky had to come round by Cape
+Horn; sugar from China; and meat and vegetables from Australia. The
+fact was, the early settlers were much too busily employed extracting
+nuggets and gold dust to concern themselves with the production of any
+other commodity.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Dora Knapp, a neighbour of Lola Montez in Grass Valley at this
+period, has contributed some reminiscences of her life there:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"We, who knew of her gay career among the royalty and
+nabobs, were astonished that she should have gone to the
+camp. She frequently had letters from titled gentlemen in
+Europe, begging her to come back and live on their rich
+bounty. It was simply because she was weary of splendour and
+fast living that the Countess turned with such fondness to
+life in a mining camp."</p></div>
+
+<p>To Patrick Hull, however, the attractions of the district were not so
+obvious. Ink was in his blood. He wanted to get back to his editorial
+desk, preferring the throbbing of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[204]</a></span> printing presses to the rattle of
+spades and picks and the clanking of drills. Nor did "love in a
+cottage" appeal to him. When Lola refused to give up Grass Valley, he
+developed a fit of sulks and turned to the whisky bottle for
+consolation.</p>
+
+<p>Under the circumstances, matrimonial bliss was impossible. Such a life
+was a cat and dog one. Its end arrived very soon.</p>
+
+<p>"Lola Montez and her new husband," says the knowledgeable Mrs. Knapp,
+"had not lived together more than a few months before trouble began.
+When two such spirits came together, there was bound to be a clash.
+The upshot was that one day Lola pushed Patrick down the stairs,
+heaved his grip out of the window and ordered him to quit."</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Hull, who could take a hint as well as any man, did "quit." He did
+more. He took to his bed and expired. "In his native state," says a
+tearful obituary, "he was respected and loved by a large circle. The
+family of Manuel Guillen (in whose house he lay), inspired by a
+sentiment of genuine benevolence, bestowed upon him all the tender
+watchfulness due to a beloved son and brother; and nothing was omitted
+that promised cure or promoted comfort."</p>
+
+<p>But this was not until some time after he had received his abrupt
+<i>cong&eacute;</i> from Lola Montez.</p>
+
+<p>Once more, Lola had drawn a blank in the matrimonial market.</p>
+
+
+<h3>IV</h3>
+
+<p>With Adrienne Lecouvreur, Lola Montez must often have asked herself,
+<i>Que faire au monde sans aimer?</i> "Living without loving" had no appeal
+for her. Hence, she was soon credited (or discredited) with a fresh
+<i>liaison</i>. This time her choice fell on a German baron, named Kirke,
+who also happened to be a doctor. There was a special bond between
+them, for he had come from Munich, and could thus awaken memories and
+tell her of Ludwig, of Fritz Peissner and the other good comrades of
+the <i>Alemannia</i>, and of the house in the Barerstrasse where she had
+once queened it.</p>
+
+<p>"This fourth adventure in matrimony was," says a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[205]</a></span> chronicler,
+"copiously consummated." An odd choice of words. But, successful or
+not, it was short-lived. One fine day the baron took his gun with him
+into the forest. He did not return. "Killed in a shooting accident" (a
+fairly common occurrence in the Wild West at that period) was the
+coroner's verdict. As a result, Lola was once more without a masculine
+protector.</p>
+
+<p>The position was not devoid of an element of danger, for the district
+swarmed with lawless gangs, to whom a woman living by herself was
+looked upon as fair prey. But Lola was not disturbed. She had plenty
+of courage. She knew, too, that the miners had formed themselves into
+a "guard of honour," and that it would have gone ill with anybody
+attempting to molest her. If the diggers were rough, they were
+chivalrous.</p>
+
+<p>In response to a general invitation from the camp, Lola more than once
+gave an exhibition of her quality as a <i>danseuse</i>. Although the charge
+for admission was a hundred dollars, the hall where she appeared was
+always crammed to the doors. She expanded out, too, in other
+directions; and a picturesque account of her life at this period says
+that she slept under the stars ("canopy of heaven" was the writer's
+more poetical way of putting it) and wore woollen underclothing
+knitted by herself. Another detail declares that she held a "weekly
+soir&eacute;e in her cottage, attended by the upper circles of the camp, a
+court of litt&eacute;rateurs and actors and wanderers"; and that among the
+regular guests were "two nephews of Victor Hugo, a quartet of
+cashiered German barons, and a couple of shady French counts."
+Obviously, a somewhat mixed gathering. For all this, however, the
+receptions were "merely convivial assemblies, with champagne and other
+wine, served with cake and fruit <i>ad lib</i>, and everyone smoked. The
+two Hugo neighbours were always there, as well as a son of Preston
+Brooks, the South Carolina congressman. A dozen of us looked forward
+to attending these <i>salons</i>, which we called 'experience-meetings.'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[206]</a></span>
+Senator William M. Stewart, then a young lawyer in Nevada, said he
+used to count the days between each. Every song, every story, every
+scrap of humour or pathos that any of the young men came across would
+be preserved for the next gathering. Occasionally, our charming
+hostess would have a little fancy-dress affair at the cottage, and,
+clad in the fluffy and abbreviated garments she had once worn on the
+stage, show us that she still remembered her dancing-steps."</p>
+
+<p>When not engaged in these innocent relaxations, Lola would give
+herself up to other pursuits. Thus, she hunted and fished and shot,
+and often made long trips on horseback through the forests and sage
+bush. Having a fondness for all sorts of animals, on one such
+expedition she captured a bear cub, with which she returned to her
+cabin and set herself to tame. While thus employed, she was visited by
+a wandering violinist, who, falling a victim to her charms, begged a
+lock of her hair as a souvenir of the occasion. Thereupon, Lola,
+always anxious to oblige, struck a bargain with him. "I have," she
+said, "a pet grizzly in my orchard. If you will wrestle with him for
+three minutes, you shall have enough of my hair to make a bow for your
+fiddle. Let me see what you can do." The challenge was accepted; and
+the amorous violinist, merely stipulating that the animal should be
+muzzled, set to work and secured the coveted guerdon.</p>
+
+<p>Something of a risk, perhaps. Still, it would have been a more serious
+one if Lola had kept a rattlesnake.</p>
+
+<p>Appearances are deceptive, and Bruin was less domesticated than Lola
+imagined. One day, pining perhaps for fresh diet, he grappled with his
+mistress and bit her hand. The incident attracted a laureate on the
+staff of the <i>California Chronicle</i>, who, in Silas Wegg fashion,
+"dropped into verse:"</p>
+
+<p class="sig4">LOLA AND HER PET</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">One day when the season was drizzly,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And outside amusements were wet,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fair Lola paid court to her Grizzly<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And undertook petting her pet.<br /></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[207]</a></span></div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">But, ah, it was not the Bavarian<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Who softened so under her hand,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No ermined King octogenarian,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">But Bruin, coarse cub of the land.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">So, all her caresses combatting<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">He crushed her white slender hand first,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Refusing his love to her patting,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">As she had refused hers to <i>Pat</i>!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Oh, had her pet been him whose glory<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And title were won on the field,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Less bloodless had ended this story,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">More easy her hand had been <i>Heald</i>!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>This doggerel was signed "F.S.", initials which masked the identity of
+Frank Soule, the editor of the <i>Chronicle</i>.</p>
+
+
+<h3>V</h3>
+
+<p>Never without her dog-whip, Lola took it with her to her cottage in
+Grass Valley. There she soon found a use for it. A journalist, in a
+column account of her career, was ungallant enough to finish by
+enquiring "if she were the devil incarnate?" As the simplest method of
+settling the problem, "Lola summoned the impertinent scribbler and
+gave him such a hiding that he had no doubts left at all."</p>
+
+<p>Shortly afterwards, there was trouble with another representative of
+the press. This was with one Henley Shipley, the editor of the
+<i>Marysville Herald</i>, who, notwithstanding that they were "regularly
+attended by the <i>&eacute;lite</i> of the camp," had described her "Wednesday
+soir&eacute;es" as "disgraceful orgies, inimical to our fair repute."
+Thereupon, says a sympathiser, the aspersed hostess "took her whip to
+him, and handed out a number of stinging and well merited cuts."</p>
+
+<p>The opportunity being too good to miss, the editor of the <i>Sacramento
+Union</i> set to work and rushed out a special edition, with a long
+description of the incident:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>This forenoon our town was plunged into a state of ludicrous
+excitement by the spectacle of Madame Lola<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[208]</a></span> Montez rushing
+through Mill Street, with a lady's delicate riding whip in
+one hand and a copy of the <i>Marysville Herald</i> in the other,
+vowing vengeance on "that scoundrel of an editor," etc. She
+met him at the Golden Gate Saloon, a crowd, on the <i>qui
+vive</i>, following in her footsteps. Having struck at him with
+her whip, she then applied woman's best weapon&mdash;her tongue.
+Meanwhile, her antagonist kept most insultingly cool. All
+her endeavours being powerless, the "Divine Lola" appealed
+to the miners, but the only response was a burst of
+laughter. Mr. Shipley, the editor, then retired in triumph,
+having, by his calmness, completely worn down his fair
+enemy.</p>
+
+<p>The immediate cause of the fracas was the appearance of
+sundry articles, copied from the <i>New York Times</i>, referring
+to the "Lola Montez-like insolence, bare-faced hypocrisy,
+and effrontery of Queen Christina of Spain." The entire
+scene was decidedly rich.</p></div>
+
+<p>One can well imagine it.</p>
+
+<p>Never prepared to accept hostile criticism without a protest, Lola
+sent her own version of the occurrence to a rival organ:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"This morning, November 21," she wrote, "the newspaper was
+handed me as usual. I scanned it over with little interest,
+saw a couple of abusive articles, not mentioning me by name,
+but, as I was afterwards told, had been prepared by the
+clever pen of this great statesman of the future, and
+present able writer, as a climax and extinguisher to all the
+past and future glories of Lola Montez. I wonder if he
+thought I should come down with a cool thousand or two, to
+stock up his fortune and cry 'Grace, Grace!'</p>
+
+<p>"This is the only attempt at blackmail I have been subjected
+to in California, and I hope it will be the last. On I read
+the paper till I saw my name in good round English, and the
+allusions to my 'bare-faced hypocrisy and insolence.'
+Europe, hear this! Has not the 'hypocrisy' been on the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[209]</a></span>other side? What were you thinking of, Alexandra Dumas,
+Beringer, M&eacute;ry, and all my friends when you told me my fault
+lay in my too great kindness? Shipley has judged me at last
+to be a hypocrite. To avenge you, I, bonnet on head and whip
+in hand&mdash;that whip which was never used but on a horse&mdash;this
+time to be disgraced by falling on the back of an <span class="smcap">ASS</span>....
+The spirit of my Irish ancestors (I being three-quarter
+Irish and Spanish and Scotch) took possession of my hand;
+and, on the most approved Tom Sayers principles, I took his,
+on which&mdash;thanks to some rings I had&mdash;I made a cutting
+impression. This would-be great smiter ended the combat with
+a certain amount of abuse, of which&mdash;to do him justice&mdash;he
+is a perfect master. <i>Sic transit gloria</i> SHIPLEY! Alas,
+poor Yorick!"</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="pic_18" id="pic_18"></a>
+<img src="images/image_19.jpg" width="400" height="472" alt="Lola Montez, in &quot;Lola in Bavaria.&quot; A &quot;Play with a
+Purpose&quot;"  />
+<span class="caption">Lola Montez, in &quot;Lola in Bavaria.&quot; A &quot;Play with a
+Purpose&quot;</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>The atmosphere of Grass Valley could scarcely be described as
+tranquil. Its surface was always being ruffled; and it was not long
+before Lola was again embroiled in a collision with one of her
+neighbours. This time she had a passage at arms with a Methodist
+minister in the camp, the Rev. Mr. Wilson, who, with a sad lack of
+Christian charity, informed his flock that this new member among them
+was "a feminine devil devoid of shame, and that the 'Spider Dance' in
+her repertoire was an outrage." There were limits to clerical
+criticism. This was clearly one of them. As she could not take her
+whip to a clergyman, she took herself. "Resolved to teach the Rev.
+Wilson a lesson, she called on him in her dancing dress, while he was
+conducting a confirmation class."</p>
+
+<p>"Without," says a member of the gathering, "any preliminaries beyond
+saying 'Good afternoon,' she proceeded to execute the dance before the
+astonished gaze of the company. Then turning to the minister, she
+said, 'The next time you think fit to make me and this dance a subject
+for a pulpit discourse, perhaps you will know better what you are
+talking about.' She then took her departure, before the reverend
+gentleman could sufficiently collect his senses to say or do
+anything."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[210]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>But, notwithstanding these breaks in its monotony, Lola felt that she
+was not really adapted to the routine of Grass Valley. Once more, the
+theatre called her. Answering the call, she went back to it. But on
+the return journey she did not take Patrick Hull. She also shed the
+name he had given her, and resumed that of Countess of Landsfeld.</p>
+
+<p>"It looks better on the bills," she said, when she discussed plans for
+a prospective tour.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Grass Valley Telegraph</i> gave her a good "send off" in a fulsome
+column; and the miners presented her with a "farewell gift" in the
+form of a nugget. "Rough, like ourselves," said their spokesman, "but
+the genuine article."</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[211]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XV" id="CHAPTER_XV"></a>CHAPTER XV</h2>
+
+<h3>"DOWN UNDER"</h3>
+
+
+<h3>I</h3>
+<div class="figleft"><img class="img1" src="images/image_28.jpg" alt="T" width="55" height="50" /></div>
+<p>his time Lola was going further afield. A long way further. Two
+continents had already been exploited. Now she would discover what a
+fresh one held.</p>
+
+<p>Her plan was to leave the Stars and Stripes for the Southern Cross. As
+an initial step, "she sold her jewels for 20,000 dollars to the madam
+of a fashionable brothel." Having thus secured adequate funds, she
+assembled a number of out-of-work actors and actresses and engaged
+them to accompany her on a twelve months' tour in Australia. Except
+for Josephine Fiddes (who was afterwards to understudy Adah Isaacs
+Menken, of <i>Mazeppa</i> renown) and, perhaps, her leading man, Charles
+Follard, they were of a distinctly inferior calibre.</p>
+
+<p>The departure from California was duly notified in a paragraph sent
+round the press:</p>
+
+<p>"We beg to inform our readers and the public generally that on June 6
+the celebrated Lola Montez left San Francisco, at the head of a
+theatrical troupe of exceptional talent, bound for distant Australia.
+The public in the Antipodes may confidently look forward to a rare
+treat."</p>
+
+<p>The voyage across the Pacific being in a sailing vessel, was a longish
+one and occupied nearly ten weeks from start to finish. However,
+anchor was dropped at last; and on August 23, 1855, a "colossal
+attraction" was announced in "Lola Montez in Bavaria" at the Victoria
+Theatre, Sydney. There, thanks to the interest aroused by her exploits
+in other<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[212]</a></span> parts of the world, the newcomer was assured of a good
+reception.</p>
+
+<p>But theatrical stars were always accorded a special measure of
+deference by the colonists. Thus, Miss Catherine Hayes, who was
+playing at an opposition house, was invited to luncheon by the Bishop
+of Sydney and to dinner by the Attorney-General; and a Scottish
+conjurer, "Professor" Anderson, was given an "address of welcome" by
+the Town Council.</p>
+
+<p>While these particular honours were not enjoyed by Lola (who, for some
+reason best known to herself, had elected to be entered in the
+passenger-list as "Madam Landsfeld Heald"), she was none the less
+accorded considerable publicity. "The eccentric and much advertised
+Lola Montez," said the <i>Herald</i> on the morning after her New South
+Wales d&eacute;but, "pounces upon us direct from California, and the
+excitement of her visit is emptying the opposition theatre. Last night
+the Countess looked positively charming and acted very archly.... On
+the fall of the curtain, she presented Mr. Lambert (who played the
+King of Bavaria) with an elegant box of cigarettes."</p>
+
+<p>Naturally enough, the star was interviewed by the journalists. "At the
+Victoria Theatre," says one of them, "I was privileged to have a talk
+with Madame Lola after the performance had concluded. I found
+her&mdash;much to my surprise&mdash;to be a very simple-mannered, well-behaved,
+cigar-loving young lady."</p>
+
+<p>An odd picture of Sydney audiences is given by the author of <i>Southern
+Lights and Shadows</i>. "The young ladies of Australia," he says, "are in
+many respects remarkable. At thirteen they have more ribbons, jewels,
+and lovers than any other young ladies of the same age. They prattle
+insipidly from morning to night. The first time I visited a theatre I
+sat next one of them who had at least half a dozen rings worn over her
+gloves.... The affectation of <i>ton</i> among them is astonishing. They
+are special patrons of the drama, and, on the appearance of a star,
+they flock to the dress circle in hundreds. The pit is generally well
+filled with a display of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[213]</a></span> shirt-sleeves, pewter pots, and babies. The
+upper boxes are usually given up to that division of the community
+partial to pink bonnets and cheeks to match; and flirtations are
+carried on in the most flagrant and unblushing manner."</p>
+
+<p>The author of this sketch also has something to say about Sydney as a
+town:</p>
+
+<p>"One part of George Street is as much like Bond Street in London as it
+is possible for one place to resemble another. Like Bond Street, too,
+it is hourly paraded by the Bucks and Brummels of the Colony. The Caf&eacute;
+Fran&ccedil;ois is much frequented by the young swells and sprigs of the
+city. Files of <i>Punch</i>, <i>The Times</i>, sherry coblers, an entertaining
+hostess, and a big-bloused lubberly host are the special points left
+in my recollection. They serve 800 meals a day at this establishment,
+the rent of which is &pound;2,400 a year."</p>
+
+
+<h3>II</h3>
+
+<p>During this Sydney engagement, Lola, ever interested in the cause of
+charity, organised a "Grand Sebastopol Matin&eacute;e Performance," the
+proceeds being "for the benefit of our wounded heroes in the Crimea."
+As the cause had a popular appeal, the house was a bumper one.
+Possibly, it was the success of this <i>matin&eacute;e</i> that led to an
+imaginative chronicler adding: "Our distinguished visitor, Madame Lola
+Montez, Countess of Landsfeld, is, with her full company of Thespians,
+on the point of leaving us for Balaclava. There, at the special
+request of Lord Raglan and Miss Florence Nightingale, she will
+inaugurate a theatre for the enjoyment of our gallant warriors and
+their Allies."</p>
+
+<p>Another odd tit-bit was sent to England by the theatrical
+correspondent of a London paper. This declared that a masculine member
+of her company "jumped into the harbour, mortified at discovering that
+Madame Lola had turned a more friendly face on a younger brother of
+the Duke of Wellington who had followed her to Sydney from Calcutta."
+The artistic temperament.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[214]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>At intervals, however, other and better established items of news were
+received from Australia and, as opportunity offered, found a niche in
+the London papers. From these it would appear that all was not going
+smoothly with Lola's plans, and that the start of the Antipodean
+venture was somewhat tempestuous.</p>
+
+<p>"In Sydney," says a letter on the subject, "a regrettable fracas
+recently occurred at the theatre where Madame Montez has been playing.
+Stepping in front she endeavoured to quell the uproar by announcing
+that, while she herself 'rather liked a good row,' she would appeal to
+the gallantry of the <i>gentlemen</i> in the pit and gallery to respect the
+wishes of a lady and not interfere with the enjoyment of others by
+interrupting the performance. The request, however, fell on deaf ears.
+The uproar continued for some time, and was much increased by the
+actors and actresses squabbling among themselves on the stage."</p>
+
+<p>There was a good deal of "squabbling" among the company. Its members
+were not a happy family. They had been engaged by their principal to
+support her. Instead, however, of rendering such support, a number of
+them did all they could to wreck the tour. Thereupon, Lola, adopting
+strong measures, discharged the malcontents and left for Melbourne by
+the next steamer. That she was justified in her action is clear from a
+letter which her solicitors sent to the Press:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Our client, Madam Lola Montez, was unwise enough to engage,
+at enormous cost to herself, a very inferior company in
+California. Before starting, she made large advances to
+every one of them; paid their passages from America (where
+they were nearly all heavily in debt) to Australia; and
+trusted that, in return for her immense outlay, she would at
+least receive efficient assistance from them. But this band
+of obscure performers not only loaded her with insults while
+they continued to live on her, but on their arrival in
+Sydney they one and all refused to discharge their allotted
+tasks."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[215]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"When Madam Montez (not unnaturally irritated by such
+conduct) proposed, through us, to cancel their agreements on
+reasonable terms, they insisted on the fulfilment of the
+contract which they themselves had been the first to break,
+and made claims upon her amounting to about &pound;12,000. This
+<i>moderate</i> demand being very properly refused by our client,
+they secured an order for her arrest in respect of a number
+of separate actions. Only one of these (a claim for &pound;100)
+was lodged in time for a warrant to be issued. When,
+furnished with this, Mr. Brown, the sheriff's officer,
+appeared on board the steamer, Madam tendered him &pound;500,
+which, however, he refused to accept, insisting that she
+should also settle the various other claims for which he did
+not have warrants. Our client refused to leave the vessel,
+for which refusal, we, as her solicitors, are quite willing
+to accept responsibility."</p></div>
+
+<p>The fact that there was talk of instituting proceedings against the
+captain of the steamer and his subordinates led the solicitors to add
+a postscript:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Those who governed the movements of the <i>Watarah</i> are ready
+to answer for their conduct. They saw a lady threatened with
+arrest at the last moment for a most unjust claim, tendering
+five times the amount demanded, and having that offer
+refused. Hence, they did not feel called upon to interfere."</p></div>
+
+<p>Another account of the episode is a little different. This declares
+that, just before starting from Sydney, she "dismissed with a
+blessing" two members of the company. As they wanted something more
+easily negotiable, they issued a writ of attachment. When the
+sheriff's officer attempted to serve it: "Madame Lola, ever ready for
+the fray, retired to her cabin and sent word that she was quite naked,
+but that the sheriff could come and take her if he wanted to." An<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[216]</a></span>
+embarrassing predicament; and, unprepared to grapple with it, "Poor
+Mr. Brown blushed and retired amid roars of laughter."</p>
+
+<p>Having thus got the better of the Sydney lawyers, and filled up the
+vacancies in her company with fresh and more amenable recruits, Lola
+reached the Victorian capital without further adventure. A picture of
+the city, as it was when she landed there, is given by a contemporary
+author:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Melbourne is splendid. Fine wide streets, finer and wider
+than almost any in London, stretch away for miles in every
+direction. At any hour of the day thousands of persons may
+be observed scurrying along them with true Cheapside
+bustle." The Melbourne youth, however, appears to have been
+precocious. "I was delighted," remarks this authority, "with
+the Colonial young stock. The average Australian boy is a
+slim, olive-complexioned young rascal, fond of Cavendish,
+cricket, and chuck-penny, and systematically insolent to
+girls, policemen, and new chums.... At twelve years of age,
+having passed through every phase of probationary
+shrewdness, he is qualified to act as a full-blown bus
+conductor. In the purlieus of the theatres are supper-rooms
+(lavish of gas and free-mannered waitresses), and bum-boat
+shops where they sell play-bills, whelks, oranges, cheroots,
+and fried fish." </p></div>
+
+<p>But, notwithstanding the existence of these amenities, all
+was not well where Lola was concerned. The Sydney
+correspondent of the <i>Argus</i> had injured her chances of
+making a favourable impression by writing a somewhat
+imaginative account of her troubles there:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"I need not tell you that the Montez has gone to Melbourne,
+as she will have arrived before this letter, and is not the
+sort of woman to keep her arrival secret. It may not,
+however, be so generally known that she has made what is
+colonially termed a 'bolt' from here.... Thinking, perhaps,
+that Australia was not yet a part of the civilised world,
+and that a company of players could not be secured here,
+Madame brought a set of comedians from San Francisco. They
+were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[217]</a></span> quite useless. More competent help could have been had
+on the spot."</p></div>
+
+<p>Lola said nothing. Her leading man however, Mr. Follard, had something
+to say, and wrote a strong letter to the editor:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Permit me to state, with all due deference to your
+correspondent's term 'bolt,' that Madame Lola Montez left
+quietly and unostentatiously.... The attempt to stop her
+leaving Sydney and prevent her engagement in Melbourne was
+an exhibition of meanness at which every honest heart must
+feel disgusted. Alone, in a strange land, without friends or
+protector, her position as a woman should in itself have
+saved her from the unmanly abuse heaped upon her and the
+contemptible attitude manifested by some of her company."</p></div>
+
+<p>A second adverse factor against which Lola had to contend in Melbourne
+was that prices had been doubled for her engagement there. This was
+considered a grievance by the public. The difficulty, however,
+adjusted itself, for the programme she offered was one that proved
+specially attractive.</p>
+
+<p>"The highest degree of excitement was," ran the <i>Herald</i> criticism,
+"produced upon visitors to the Theatre Royal by the actual presence of
+this extraordinary and gifted being, with the praises of whose beauty
+and <i>esprit</i> the whole civilised world has resounded.... After
+curtseying with inimitable grace to the audience, the fair <i>artiste</i>
+withdrew amidst a fresh volley of cheers."</p>
+
+<p>But Lola, who never missed an opportunity of airing her opinions,
+aired them now:</p>
+
+<p>"At the end of the performance," says a report, "Madame Lola Montez
+was vociferously called and addressed the audience in an animated
+speech, commenting upon some remarks that had been published in a
+certain journal. When a gentleman ventured to laugh while she was
+enumerating the political benefits she had conferred on Bavaria, the
+fair orator promptly informed him that such conduct was not usually
+considered to be courteous."</p>
+
+<p>The Melbourne engagement finished up with a triple bill.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[218]</a></span> The
+principal item was a novelty she had, the "Spider Dance," which Lola
+had brought from America. In this she appeared with hundreds of wire
+spiders sewn on her attenuated ballet skirts; and, when any of them
+fell off, she had to indulge in pronounced wriggles and contortions to
+put them back in position. The accompanying movements of her body were
+held to be by some standards "daring and suggestive." In fact, so much
+so that the representative of the <i>Argus</i> dubbed the number "the most
+libertinish and indelicate performance that could possibly be given on
+the public stage. We feel compelled," he continued solemnly, "to
+denounce in terms of unmeasured reprobation the performance in which
+Madame Montez here figures." Yet, Sir Charles Hotham, the Governor,
+together with Lady Hotham and their guests, had witnessed it without
+sustaining any serious damage. But perhaps they were made of tougher
+material.</p>
+
+<p>The critic of the <i>Morning Herald</i> at this period (understood to be R.
+H. Horne, "the Jules Janin of Melbourne") was either less thin-skinned
+or else more broad-minded than his <i>Argus</i> comrade. At any rate, he
+saw nothing much to call for these strictures. Thinking that the
+newcomer had not been given fair play, he endeavoured to counteract
+the adverse opinion that had been expressed by publishing a laudatory
+one of a column length, in which he declared: "Madame Montez went
+through the entire measure with marked elegance and precision, and the
+curtain fell amid salvoes of well merited applause."</p>
+
+<p>Convinced that here was a critic who really knew his business, and a
+friend on whom she could rely to do her justice, Lola wrote to the
+editor:</p>
+
+<p class="sig"><span class="smcap">Grand Imperial Hotel</span>,</p>
+
+<p class="sig2"><i>September, 1855.</i></p>
+
+<p class="sig4"><span class="smcap">Sir</span>,</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+<p>A criticism of my performance of the "Spider Dance" at the
+Theatre Royal was published in this morning's <i>Argus</i>,
+couched in such language that I must positively answer it.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[219]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The piety and ultra-puritanism of the <i>Argus</i> might prevent
+the insertion of a letter bearing my signature. Therefore, I
+address myself to you.</p>
+
+
+<p>The "Spider Dance" is a national one, and is witnessed with
+delight by all classes in Spain, and by both sexes from
+Queen to peasant.</p>
+
+<p>I have always looked upon this dance as a work of high art;
+and I reject with positive scorn the insinuation of your
+contemporary that I wish to pander to a morbid taste for
+what is improper or indelicate.</p>
+
+<p>I shall be at my post to-morrow evening; and will then adopt
+a course that will test the value of the opinion advanced by
+the <i>Argus</i>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 450px;"><a name="pic_19" id="pic_19"></a>
+<img src="images/image_20.jpg" width="450" height="635" alt="Lola as a Lecturer. From stage to platform"  />
+<span class="caption">Lola as a Lecturer. From stage to platform<br />
+AUTOBIOGRAPHY<br />
+AND<br />
+LECTURES<br />
+OF<br />
+LOLA MONTEZ<br />
+COUNTESS OF LANDSFELD</span></div>
+
+<p>The promised "course" was merely to deliver a long speech from the
+stage, and ask the audience to decide whether she should give the
+vexed item, or not. The audience were emphatic that she should; and,
+when she had finished, "expressed their views on the subject by
+uttering loud groans for the <i>Argus</i> and lusty cheers for the
+<i>Herald</i>."</p>
+
+<p>Honours to Lola!</p>
+
+<p>But the "Spider Dance" was still to prove a source of trouble. The
+next morning a certain Dr. Milton, who had constituted himself a
+champion of morals, appeared at the police-court and applied for a
+warrant for the arrest of Lola Montez, on the grounds that she had
+"outraged decency."</p>
+
+<p>"I am in a position," he declared, "to produce unquestionable evidence
+of the indelicacy of her performance."</p>
+
+<p>"You must take out a summons in the proper fashion," said the
+magistrate, who clearly had no sympathy with busybodies.</p>
+
+<p>But, before he could do so, Dr. Milton found himself served with a
+writ for libel. As a result, nothing more was heard of the matter.</p>
+
+<p>In addition to its Mawworms, of which it was afflicted with an
+appreciable number of specimens, the city of Melbourne<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[220]</a></span> would appear
+to have had other drawbacks at this period. According to R. H. Horne,
+local society was somewhat curiously constituted. "There is an
+attempt," he says, "at the nucleus of a 'court circle'; and if the
+Home Government think fit to make a few more Australian knights and
+baronets there may be good hopes for the enlargement of the enchanted
+hoop. The Melbourne 'Almack's' is to be complimented on the moral
+courage with which its directors have resisted the claims for
+admission of some of the wealthy unwashed and other unsuitables. Money
+is not quite everything, even in Melbourne."</p>
+
+<p>There were further strictures on the morals of Victoria, as compared
+with those of New South Wales:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The haunts of villainy in Sydney are not surpassed by those
+in Melbourne; but, with regard to drunkenness and
+prostitution, the latter place is far worse than Sydney. The
+Theatre Royal contains within itself four separate
+drinking-bars. The Caf&eacute; de Paris, in the same building, has
+two bars. In the theatre itself there is a drinking public
+every night, especially when the house is crowded. Between
+every act it is the custom of the audience to rush out for a
+nobbler of brandy. The only exceptions are the occupants of
+the dress-circle, more especially when the Governor is
+present."</p></div>
+
+<p>By the way, the "List of Beverages" shows that, in proof of her
+popularity, a "Lola Montez Appetiser," consisting of "Old Tom, ginger,
+lemon and hot water," was offered to patrons.</p>
+
+<p>Alcohol was not alone among the objects at which "Orion" Horne tilted.
+He also disapproved of cricket. "The mania," he says, "for bats and
+balls in the boiling sun during last summer exceeded all rational
+excitement. The newspapers caught the epidemic, and, while scarcely
+noticing other far more useful games, they devoted columns upon
+columns to minute accounts of the matches of a hundred different
+clubs. The very walls of Melbourne became infected. On the return of
+the Victorians from Sydney, a reporter for the <i>Herald</i><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[221]</a></span> designated
+them 'the laurelled warriors.' If there is no great harm in this, the
+thing has been carried too far."</p>
+
+<p>It is just as well, perhaps, for Horne's peace of mind that the
+present day value attached to "Ashes" had not arisen, and that an
+Australian XI did not visit England until another twenty years had
+passed.</p>
+
+
+<h3>III</h3>
+
+<p>After Melbourne, the next step in Lola's itinerary was Geelong. The
+programme she offered there was a generous one, for it included a
+"Stirring drama, entitled, <i>Maidens, Beware!</i> and the elegant and
+successful comedy, <i>The Eton Boy</i>," to which were added a "sparkling
+comedietta" and a "laughable farce." This was good value. The Geelong
+critic, however, did not think very much of the principal item in this
+bill. "It has," he observed solemnly, "an impossible plot, with
+situations and sentiments quite beyond the understanding of us
+barbarians."</p>
+
+<p>This supercilious attitude was not shared by the simple-minded
+diggers, who found <i>Maidens, Beware!</i> very much to their taste. But
+nothing else could have been expected, for it offered good measure of
+all the elements that ensure success every time they are employed.
+Thus, the hero is wrongfully charged with a series of offences
+committed by the villain; a comic servant unravels the plot when it
+becomes intricate; and the heroine only avoids "something worse than
+death" by proving that a baronet, "paying unwelcome addresses," (but
+nothing else) has forged a will.</p>
+
+<p>Having a partiality for the society of diggers, with whom she had
+always got on well, Lola next betook herself to Ballarat. It was an
+unpropitious moment for a theatrical venture in that part of the
+world. The atmosphere was somewhat unsettled. The broad arrows and
+ticket-of-leave contingent who made up a large section of the
+community were clamouring for a republic; and there was a considerable
+amount of rioting. A rebel flag had been run up by the mob; and the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">[222]</a></span>
+military had to be called out to suppress the activities of the
+"Ballarat Reform League." Still, Lola was not the woman to run away
+from danger. As she had told a Sydney audience, she "rather liked a
+good row."</p>
+
+<p>The coming of Lola Montez to Ballarat was heralded by a preliminary
+paragraph:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Our readers will be pleased to learn that the
+world-renowned Lola, a lady who has had Kings at her beck,
+and who has caused nearly as much upheaval in the world as
+Helen of Troy, is about to appear among us. On leaving
+Melbourne by coach, she presented the booking clerk with an
+autographed copy of a work by the famous Mrs. Harriet
+Beecher Stowe. Young gentlemen of Ballarat, look out for
+your hearts! Havoc will assuredly be played among them."</p></div>
+
+<p>Her colourful career attracted the laureates. One of them found in it
+inspiration for a ballad, "Lola, of the rolling black eye!" which was
+sung at every music-hall in the Colony. A second effort regarded the
+matter in its graver aspects. The first verse ran as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">She is more to be pitied than censured,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">She is more to be helped than despised.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She is only a lassie who ventured<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">On life's stormy path ill-advised.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Do not scorn her with words fierce and bitter,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Do not laugh at her shame and downfall,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For a moment just stop to consider<br /></span>
+<span class="i2"><i>That a man was the cause of it all!</i><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Ludwig of Bavaria had done better than this. A lot better. Annoyed at
+the innuendo it contained, Lola flourished her whip afresh and
+threatened the bard with an action for damages.</p>
+
+<p>The Victoria Theatre, Ballarat (where Lola Montez was to give the
+diggers a sample of her quality), was a newly built house,
+"reflecting," declared an impressed reporter, "every modern elegance.
+In front of the boxes," he continued, "are panels, chastely adorned
+with Corinthian festoons,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[223]</a></span> encircling a gilded eagle emblematic of
+liberty. Above the proscenium is an ellipse, exhibiting the Australian
+coat of arms. The ceiling is ornamented by a dome, round which are
+grouped the nine Muses, and the chandelier is the biggest in the
+Colony. From the dress-circle there is direct communication with the
+adjoining United States Hotel, so that first-class refreshments can be
+procured without the slightest inconvenience. There are six
+dressing-rooms; and Madame Lola Montez has a private and sumptuously
+furnished apartment."</p>
+
+<p>As the repertoire she offered was to include ("by special request")
+the "Spider Dance," she took the precaution of sending a description
+of it to the <i>Ballarat Star</i>:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>The characteristic and fascinating <span class="smcap">Spider Dance</span> has been
+performed by <span class="smcap">Madame Lola Montez</span> with the utmost success
+throughout the United States of America and before all the
+Crowned Heads of Europe.</p>
+
+<p>This dance, on which malice and envy have endeavoured to fix
+the stain of immorality, has been given in the other
+Colonies to houses crammed from floor to ceiling with rank
+and fashion and beauty. In Adelaide His Excellency the
+Governor-General, accompanied by Lady McDonnell and quite
+the most select ladies of the city, accorded it their
+patronage, while the Free and Accepted Masons did Madame
+Lola Montez the distinguished honour of attending in full
+regalia.</p></div>
+
+<p>It was on February 16, 1856, that Lola Montez opened at Ballarat. A
+generous programme was offered, for it consisted of "the elegant and
+sparkling comedy, <i>A Morning Call</i>; the laughable farce, <i>The
+Spittalsfields Weaver</i>; the domestic drama, <i>Raffaelo, the Reprobate</i>;
+and the Shakespearean tragedy, <i>Antony and Cleopatra</i>; all with new
+and sumptuous scenery, dresses, and appointments."</p>
+
+<p>In accordance with the fashion of the period, the star had to recite a
+prologue. An extract from it was as follows:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[224]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">'Tis only right some hurried words to say<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As to the name this theatre bears to-day,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For I would have you fully understand<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I seek for patrons men of every land.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">'Tis not alone through prejudice has been<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Attached the name of Britain's virtuous Queen.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And may your gen'rous presence and applause<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Mutual content and happy evenings cause!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>But this was merely an introduction. There was more to follow, for the
+"personal" touch had yet to be delivered.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">As for <i>myself</i>, you'll find in Lola Montez<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The study how to please my constant wont is!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet I am vain that I'm the first star here<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To shine upon this Thespian hemisphere.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And only hope that when I say "Adieu!"<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">You'll grant the same I wish to you&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">May rich success reward your daily toil,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor men nor measures present peace despoil,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And may I nightly see your pleasant faces<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With these fair ladies, your attendant Graces!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<h3>IV</h3>
+
+<p>But, despite this auspicious start, all was not set fair at Ballarat.
+As had happened in other places, Lola was to fall foul of a critic who
+had disparaged her. Furiously indignant, and horse-whip in hand, she
+rushed into the editor's office and executed summary vengeance upon
+him.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"A full account of this remarkable business," announced the
+opposition journal, "will be given by us to-morrow. Our
+readers may anticipate a perfect treat." They got it, too,
+if one can trust the report of a "few choice observations"
+delivered by Lola to her audience on the second night of her
+engagement:</p>
+
+<p>"Ladies and Gentlemen: I am very sure that all of you in
+this house are my very good friends; and I much regret that
+I now have a most unpleasant duty to perform. I had imagined
+that, after all the kindness I have experienced from the
+miners in California, I should never have had anything
+painful to say to you. Now, however, I am compelled to do
+so.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[225]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"I speak to the ladies, as members of my own sex, and to the
+gentlemen, as my natural protectors. Well, what I have to
+tell you is that there is a certain gentleman in this town
+called Seekamp. Just take out the E's, and what is left of
+his name becomes <i>Skamp</i>. Listen to my story, and then judge
+between us. This Mr. Seekamp, who is the editor of the
+<i>Ballarat Times</i>, actually told me, in the hearing of
+another lady and two quite respectable gentlemen, that the
+miners here were a set of &mdash;&mdash;. No, I really cannot sully my
+lips with the shocking word he used&mdash;and that I was not to
+believe them.</p>
+
+<p>"Mr. Seekamp called on me, with a certain proposition, and
+accepted my hospitality. You all know he is just a little
+fond of drinking. Well, while he was at my house the sherry,
+the port, the champagne, and the brandy were never off the
+table. He ate with me, and he drank with me. In fact, he
+drank so freely that it was only my self-respect that
+prevented me having him removed. But I said to myself,
+'After all, he is an editor; perhaps this is his little
+way.'</p>
+
+<p>"Well, I did as Mr. Seekamp wanted, and as a result, I was a
+ten pound note out of pocket by it. I was green, but I was
+anxious to avoid making enemies among editors. Yet, when his
+paper next appears, I am referred to in it as being
+notorious for my immorality. Notorious, indeed! Why, I defy
+everybody here, or anywhere else, to say that I am, or ever
+was, immoral. It's not likely that, if I wanted to be
+immoral, I should be slaving away and earning my bread by
+hard work. What do you think?</p>
+
+<p>"Ladies and Gentlemen, I appeal to you. Is it fair or
+generous of this Seekamp person to behave to me like this?
+The truth is, my manager, knowing that he was a
+good-for-nothing fellow, gave my printing orders to another
+editor. In revenge, the angry Seekamp says he will hound me
+from this town. Ladies and Gentlemen, I appeal to you for
+protection."</p></div>
+
+<p>"And here," adds the report, "the intrepid Lola retired amid deafening
+applause. Three hearty cheers were given for Madame and three lusty
+groans for her cowardly traducer."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[226]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>On the following night there was more speech-making. This time, Lola
+complained to the audience that she had been freshly aspersed by the
+objectionable Seekamp. "I offered," she said, "though merely a woman,
+to meet him with pistols, but the cur who attacks a lady's character
+runs away from my challenge. He says he will drive me from the
+Diggings. Well, I intend to turn the tables, and to make Seekamp
+de-camp. I very much regret," she added, "having been compelled to
+assert myself at the expense of Mr. Seekamp, but, really it was not my
+fault. His attacks on my art were most ungentlemanly. I challenged him
+to fight a duel, but the poltroon would not accept."</p>
+
+<p>In the best tradition of the <i>Eatanswill Gazette</i>, the <i>Ballarat Star</i>
+referred to the <i>Ballarat Times</i> as "our veracious contemporary and
+doughty opponent," and alluded to the "unblushing profligacy of its
+editorial columns." The proprietor of the United States Hotel and the
+solicitor for Lola Montez also sailed into the controversy and
+challenged Mr. Seekamp to "eat his words." That individual, however,
+not caring about such a diet, refused to do anything of the sort.</p>
+
+<p>The matter did not end there, and a number of correspondents took up
+the cudgels on behalf of Lola Montez.</p>
+
+<p>"Is it possible," wrote one of them to the editor of the <i>Star</i>, "that
+Mr. Seekamp can, in his endeavour to blacken the fair fame of a woman,
+insinuate that he is also guilty of the most shocking immorality? I
+blush to think it." There was also a letter in a similar strain from
+"John Bull," and another from "An Eton Boy," animadverting upon Mr.
+Seekamp's grammar.</p>
+
+<p>Feeling herself damaged in reputation, Lola's next step was to
+instruct her solicitor to bring an action for libel against Seekamp.
+The magistrate remitted the case to the superior court at Geelong.
+But, as an apology was offered and accepted, nothing more was heard of
+it.</p>
+
+<p>This, however, was not the end of her troubles at Ballarat,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[227]</a></span> for
+horse-whips were again to whistle in the air. But, this time Lola got
+more than she bargained for. She was using her whip on one Mr. Crosby,
+the manager of the theatre there, when that individual's spouse&mdash;a
+strong-minded and muscular woman&mdash;wrested the weapon from her and laid
+it across her own back.</p>
+
+<p>The account given by an eye-witness is a little different. "At
+Ballarat," he says, "Lola pitched into and cross-buttocked a stalwart
+Amazon who had omitted to show her proper respect."</p>
+
+<p>"Cross-buttocked" would appear to be an expression which, so far, has
+eluded the dictionary-makers.</p>
+
+<p>In other parts of the Colony, however, Lola's reception more than made
+up for any little unpleasantnesses at Ballarat. "Her popularity," says
+William Kelly, an Australian squatter, "was not limited to the stage.
+She was welcomed with rapture on the gold fields, and all the more for
+the liberal fashion in which she 'shouted' when returning the
+hospitality of the diggers. Her pluck, too, delighted them, for she
+would descend the deepest shafts with as much nonchalance as if she
+were entering a boudoir."</p>
+
+<p>From Sandhurst Lola Montez travelled to Bendigo, where the tour
+finished. There, says a pressman, "she lived on terms of the most
+cordial amity with the entire populace, and without a single
+disturbing incident to ruffle the serenity of the intercourse."</p>
+
+
+<h3>V</h3>
+
+<p>Having completed her tour in Australia, with considerable profit to
+herself, Lola Montez disbanded her company, and, in the autumn of
+1856, returned to Europe. She had several offers from London; but,
+feeling that a rest was well earned, she left the ship at Marseilles
+and took a villa at St. Jean de Luz. While there, she appears to have
+occupied a certain amount of public attention. At any rate, &Eacute;mile de
+Girardin, thinking it good "copy," reprinted in <i>La Presse</i> a letter
+she had written to the <i>Estafette</i>:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[228]</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="sig"><span class="smcap">St. Jean de Luz</span>,</p>
+
+<p class="sig2"><i>September 3, 1856.</i></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Sir: The French and Belgian papers are announcing as a
+positive fact that the suicide of Monsieur Mauclerc (who
+deliberately precipitated himself from the top of the Pic du
+Midi cliff) was caused by various troubles I had occasioned
+him. If he were still living, Monsieur Mauclerc would
+himself, I feel certain, contradict this calumny.</p>
+
+<p>It is true that we were married; but, finding, after eight
+days, that our union was not likely to turn out a happy one,
+we parted by mutual consent. The story of my responsibility
+for the Pic du Midi business only exists in the imaginative
+brain of some journalist who revels in supplying tragic
+details. Anyhow, Mr. Editor, I count upon your sympathy to
+exculpate me from any share in the melancholy event.&mdash;Yours,
+<span class="smcap">Lola Montez</span>.</p></div>
+
+<p>Mauclerc, however, so far from being dead, was still very much alive,
+and was sunning himself just then at Bayonne. Having read this letter,
+he answered it in the next issue:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>I have just seen in the columns of <i>La Presse</i> a letter from
+Lola Montez. This gives an account of a deliberate jump from
+the top of a cliff and of a marriage with myself as the
+chief actor in each catastrophe. All I have to say about
+them is that I know nothing of these important occurrences.
+I assure you, sir, I have never felt any desire to
+"precipitate" myself, either from the Pic du Midi or from
+anywhere else; nor have I ever had the distinction of being
+the husband of the famous Countess of Landsfeld for a matter
+of even eight days.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Mauclerc.</span> Artist dramatique.</p></div>
+
+<p class="sig4"><i>September 9, 1856.</i></p>
+
+<p>Lola ignored this <i>d&eacute;menti</i>. Possibly, however, she did not read it,
+for she was just then arranging another trip to America.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[229]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XVI" id="CHAPTER_XVI"></a>CHAPTER XVI</h2>
+
+<h3>FAREWELL TO THE FOOTLIGHTS</h3>
+
+
+<h3>I</h3>
+<div class="figleft"><img class="img1" src="images/image_33.jpg" alt="H" width="54" height="50" /></div>
+
+<p>aving booked a number of engagements there, in December, 1857, Lola
+landed in New York for the second time. Directly she stepped off the
+ship, she was surrounded by a throng of reporters. Never losing the
+chance of making a speech, she gave them just what they wanted.</p>
+
+<p>"America," she said, as they pulled out their note-books, "is the last
+refuge left the victims of tyranny and oppression in the old world. It
+is the finest monument to liberty ever erected beneath the canopy of
+heaven."</p>
+
+<p>For her reappearance she offered the public <i>Lola Montez in Bavaria</i>,
+which had already done good service. By this time, however, it was a
+little frayed.</p>
+
+<p>"The drama represents her as a coquettish and reckless woman," was the
+considered opinion of one critic. "We assure our readers she is
+nothing of the sort."</p>
+
+<p>This testimonial was a help. Still, it could not infuse fresh life
+into a piece that had obviously outlived its popularity. Hence, she
+soon changed the bill for a double one, <i>The Eton Boy</i> and <i>Follies of
+a Night</i>. But the cash results were not much better; and when she left
+New York and tried her luck in Boston the week's receipts were
+scarcely two hundred dollars. This, in theatrical parlance, was "not
+playing to the gas."</p>
+
+<p>Realising that she was losing her grip, she cast about for some fresh
+method of attracting the public. It was not long<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[230]</a></span> before she hit on
+one. As she was in a democratic country, she would make capital out of
+her "title." A plan was soon matured. This was to hold "receptions,"
+where anybody would be welcome who was prepared to pay a dollar.</p>
+
+<p>A dollar for ten minutes' chat with a genuine countess, and, for
+another 50 cents, the privilege of shaking her hand. A bargain. The
+tariff appealed to thousands. Among them Charles Sumner, the
+distinguished jurist, who declared of Lola Montez that, "She was by
+far the most graceful and delightful woman I ever met."</p>
+
+<p>Her next scheme for raising the financial wind was to employ her pen.
+It was true that her "memoirs," strung together in Paris, had fallen
+flat&mdash;owing to the pusillanimity of the editor of <i>Le Pays</i>&mdash;but a
+full length "autobiography" would, she thought, stand a better
+prospect. Apart, too, from other considerations, there was now more
+material on which to draw. An embarrassing amount of it. She could say
+something&mdash;a lot&mdash;about the happenings in Bavaria, in France, in
+California, and in Australia. All good stuff, and a field hitherto
+untouched.</p>
+
+<p>The pen, however, being still an unaccustomed weapon, she availed
+herself of outside help; and practically the whole of the
+<i>Autobiography of Lola Montez</i> was written for her (on a
+profit-sharing agreement) by a clerical collaborator, the Rev.
+Chauncey Burr.</p>
+
+<p>The tale of the Odyssey&mdash;as set forth in this joint
+production&mdash;established contact with glittering circles and the
+breathing of perfumed air. Within its chapters emperors and kings and
+princes jostle one another; scenes shift continually from capital to
+capital; and plots follow counter-plots in breathless fashion. Yet
+those who purchased the volume in the fond belief that it would turn
+out to be the analysis of a modern Aspasia were disappointed. As a
+matter of fact, there was next to nothing in it that would have upset
+a Band of Hope committee-meeting. This, however, was largely because,
+an adept at skating over thin ice, the Rev. Mr. Burr ignored, or
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[231]</a></span>coloured, such happenings as did not redound to the credit of his
+subject.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 450px;"><a name="pic_20" id="pic_20"></a>
+<img src="images/image_21.jpg" width="450" height="680" alt="Lola Montez in Middle Life. A characteristic pose"  />
+<span class="caption">Lola Montez in Middle Life. A characteristic pose</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>The "Autobiography" (alleged) finishes on a high note:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Ten years have elapsed since the events with which Lola
+Montez was connected in Bavaria; and yet the malice of the
+diffusive and ever vigilant Jesuits is as fresh and as
+active as it was at the first hour it assailed her. It is
+not too much to say that few artists of her profession ever
+escaped with so little censure; and certainly none ever had
+the doors of the highest social respectability so
+universally open to them as she had, up to the time she went
+to Bavaria. And she denies that there was anything in her
+conduct there which ought to have compromised her before the
+world. Her enemies assailed her, not because her deeds were
+bad, but because they knew of no other means to destroy her
+influence."</p></div>
+
+<p>Although too modest to acknowledge it, this passage is obviously the
+Rev. Chauncey Burr verbatim.</p>
+
+<p>An offer to serialise part of the "autobiography" in the columns of
+<i>Le Figaro</i> was accepted. In correcting the proofs, Lola still clung
+to the earlier account that had already done service in the "memoirs"
+contributed to <i>Le Pays</i>. But she embellished it with fresh
+embroideries. Thus, to keep up the Spanish connection, she now claimed
+as her aunts the Marquise de Pavestra and the Marquise de
+Villa-Palana, together with an equally imaginary Uncle Juan; and she
+also, for the first time, gave her schoolgirl friend, Fanny Nicholls,
+a sister Valerie.</p>
+
+<p>The "autobiography" had originally been accepted for <i>Le Pays</i> by
+Ant&eacute;non Joly. When, however, shortly afterwards, MM. de la Gu&eacute;ronni&egrave;re
+and de Lamartine acquired the journal, they repudiated the contract.
+Hence, its transfer to <i>Le Figaro</i>. But this organ also developed a
+sudden queasiness, and, after the first few instalments had appeared,
+declined to print the remainder, on the grounds that they were "too
+scandalous." Some time afterwards, Eug&eacute;ne de Mirecourt, thinking he
+had a bargain, secured the interrupted portions<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[232]</a></span> and made them the
+basis of a chapter on Lola Montez in his <i>Les Contemporains</i>. This
+chapter is marked throughout by severe disapproval. Thus, it begins:</p>
+
+<p>"The woman who revives in the nineteenth century the scandals of
+Jeanne Vaubernier belongs to our gallery, and the abject materialism
+accompanying her misconduct will be revealed in the pages that
+follow."</p>
+
+<p>De Mirecourt was not too happy in his self-appointed task. Like
+everything else from his pen, the entire section is distinctly
+imaginative. Thus, he declares that Lola, while living in Madrid, was
+"supported by five or six great English lords"; and, among other
+amorous incidents, says that a Brahmin priest fell in love with her;
+that she conducted a "scandalous intrigue" with a young French
+diplomat who was carrying despatches to the Emperor of China; and that
+her husband, Lieutenant James, once intercepted a tender passage
+between herself and a rajah. Further embroideries assert that Lola's
+father was the son of a Lady Gilbert, and that her mother was the
+daughter of a "Moorish warrior who abjured paganism." To this
+rigmarole he adds that she was sent to a boarding-school at Bath, kept
+by a Mrs. Olridge, where she had an early <i>liaison</i> with the
+drawing-master.</p>
+
+<p>It was perhaps as well for de Mirecourt, and others of his kidney,
+that libel actions had not then been added to the perils of
+authorship. Still, if they had, Lola would not have troubled to bring
+one. To take proceedings in America against a man living in France was
+difficult. Also, by this time she was so accustomed to studied
+misrepresentation and deliberate falsehoods that she refused to
+interfere.</p>
+
+<p>"It doesn't matter what people choose to say about me," she remarked
+contemptuously, when she was informed by a friend in Paris of the
+liberties being taken with her name.</p>
+
+<p>Although (except when she took it into her own hands) she liked to
+keep clear of the law, this was not always possible. Such an instance
+occurred in March, 1858, when a Mr. Jobson of New York brought an
+action against her in respect of an<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[233]</a></span> alleged debt. The proceedings
+would appear to have been conducted in a fashion that must have been
+peculiar to the time and place; and, in an effort to discredit her,
+she was subjected to a cross-examination that would now be described
+as "third degree."</p>
+
+<p>"Were you not," began the plaintiff's counsel, "born in Montrose, the
+daughter of one Molly Watson?"</p>
+
+<p>When this was denied, he put his next question.</p>
+
+<p>"How many intrigues have you had during your career?"</p>
+
+<p>"None," was the answer.</p>
+
+<p>"We'll see about that, Madam," returned the other, consulting his
+brief. "To begin with, were you not the mistress of King Ludwig?"</p>
+
+<p>"You are a vulgar villain," exclaimed Lola indignantly. "I can swear
+on the Bible, which I read every night, but you don't, that I never
+had what you call an 'intrigue' with him. As a matter of fact, I did
+him a lot of good."</p>
+
+<p>"In what way?" enquired the judge, looking interested.</p>
+
+<p>"Well, I moulded his mind to the love of freedom."</p>
+
+<p>"Before you ran off with your first husband," continued counsel, "were
+you not employed as a chambermaid?"</p>
+
+<p>"Never," was the emphatic response. "And, let me tell you, Mr.
+Attorney, it is not at all a shameful thing to be a chambermaid. If I
+had been born one, I should consider myself a much more distinguished
+woman than I am."</p>
+
+<p>When her own counsel, coming to the rescue, dubbed Mr. Jobson a
+"fellow," there followed, in the words of a reporter, "an unseemly
+fracas." From abuse of one another, the rival attorneys took to
+fisticuffs; the spectators and officials joined in the struggle; and
+an ink pot was hurled by the furious Jobson at the occupants of the
+jury-box. This being considered contempt of court, he was arrested,
+and the judge, gathering up his papers, left the Bench, announcing
+that the further hearing would be adjourned.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[234]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<h3>II</h3>
+
+<p>After this experience, Lola developed a fresh activity. Like a modern
+Joan of Arc, she suddenly announced that she heard "Voices," and that,
+on their instructions, she was giving up the stage for the platform.
+Her plans were soon completed; and, on February 3, 1858, she mounted
+the rostrum and made her d&eacute;but as a lecturer, at the Hope Chapel, New
+York.</p>
+
+<p>There were beery chuckles from the reporters who were "covering" this
+effort. "Lola Montez in the chapel pulpit is good fun," was the
+conclusion at which one of them arrived; and another headed his
+column, "A Desperado in Dimity."</p>
+
+<p>Judging from his account of this initial sample (a lecture on
+"Beautiful Women"), the <i>Tribune</i> representative did not regard it
+very seriously:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Temperance, exercise, and cleanliness, preached Lola the
+plucky; light suppers and reasonable hours; jolly long walks
+in thick boots and snug wrappers for the benefit of the
+complexion. From these, said Lola, come good digestion, good
+humour, and good sense. And that's the way, my dear Flora,
+to be healthy and wealthy&mdash;speaking crinolinely and
+red-petticoatedly&mdash;and wise."</p></div>
+
+<p>Lola was before her time. Nowadays she would have set up as a "beauty
+specialist." Had she done so, she would have secured a big income from
+the sale of creams and perfumes, powders and paints, and dyes and
+unguents, and all the other nostrums with which women endeavour to
+recover their vanished charms. But, instead of becoming a
+practitioner, she became an author and compiled a handbook, <i>The Arts
+of Beauty, or Secrets of a Lady's Toilet</i>. This went very fully into
+the subject, and had helpful hints on "Complexion Treatment," "Hair
+Culture," "Removal of Wrinkles," and what was then coyly termed "Bust
+Development." Importance was also attached to "Intellect," as a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[235]</a></span>
+sovereign specific for repairing the ravages of advancing years. "A
+beautiful mind," announced the author, "is the first thing required
+for a beautiful face."</p>
+
+<p>Lola's light was not hidden under any bushel. An American firm of
+publishers, convinced that there was money in this sort of thing, made
+an acceptable offer and issued the work with a prefatory inscription:</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter"><img class="img1" src="images/poster_03.jpg" alt="Poster" width="500" height="291" /></div>
+
+<p class="center">
+TO<br />
+ALL MEN AND WOMEN<br />
+OF EVERY LAND<br />
+WHO ARE NOT AFRAID OF THEMSELVES<br />
+WHO TRUST SO MUCH TO THEIR OWN SOULS THAT THEY DARE TO<br />
+STAND UP<br />
+IN THE MIGHT OF THEIR<br />
+OWN INDIVIDUALITY<br />
+TO MEET THE TIDAL CURRENTS OF THE WORLD, THIS BOOK IS<br />
+RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY<br />
+THE AUTHOR<br />
+</p>
+
+
+<p>The title-page of this effort ran as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter"><img class="img1" src="images/poster_04.jpg" alt="Poster" width="500" height="309" /></div>
+
+<p class="center">
+THE<br />
+ARTS OF BEAUTY<br />
+OR<br />
+SECRETS OF A LADY'S TOILET<br />
+WITH HINTS TO GENTLEMEN<br />
+ON THE<br />
+ART OF FASCINATION<br />
+BY MADAME LOLA MONTEZ<br />
+COUNTESS OF LANDSFELD<br />
+NEW YORK<br />
+DICK AND FITZGERALD, PUBLISHERS<br />
+18 ANN STREET<br />
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">[236]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>A Canadian publisher, John Lovell, on the look-out for a novelty, read
+this effort and suggested that a friend of his, &Eacute;mile Chevalier, of
+Paris, should sponsor an edition of Lola's <i>Arts of Beauty</i> for
+consumption on the boulevards. "I am too much an admirer of the gifted
+author," was M. Chevalier's response, "to undertake the work without
+consulting her." Accordingly, he got into touch with Lola, offering to
+have a translation made. "Thank you," she replied, "but I wish to do
+it myself. You, however, can put in any corrections you think
+necessary. I have not written anything in French since the death of
+poor Bon-Bon [Dujarier], and I want to see if I still remember the
+language." Apparently she did so, for, shortly afterwards, the
+manuscript was sent across the Atlantic and delivered to M. Chevalier.
+Within another month it was on the bookstalls. "I have retouched it
+very little," says the editor in his preface, "as I was anxious to
+preserve Madame Lola's distinctly original style. Her pen is as
+mordant as her dog-whip."</p>
+
+<p>M. Chevalier was charmed with the fashion in which Lola had acquitted
+herself, and wrote florid letters of thanks to her in New York. With a
+supplementary lecture on "Instructions for Gentlemen in the Art of
+Fascination," which was added to fill up the book, he declared himself
+much impressed. "This," he says, "exhibits a profound knowledge of the
+human heart, and is altogether one of the finest and most piquant
+criticisms on American manners with which I am familiar." "Who," he
+continues, warming to his work, "is more thoroughly qualified to
+discuss the development and preservation of natural beauty than the
+Countess of Landsfeld?"; and in an introductory puff he adds: "These
+observations are very judicious, and as applicable in Europe as in
+America. They should, I feel, be indelibly engraved on the minds of
+all sensible women."</p>
+
+<p>Perhaps they were. At any rate, the result of M. Chevalier's
+enterprise was a distinct success, and the Paris bookshops soon got
+rid of 50,000 copies. In fact, Lola was very nearly a best-seller.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[237]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In addition to her expert views on "Beautiful Women," Lola had plenty
+of other subjects up her sleeve, to be incorporated in a series of
+lectures. The list covered a wide range, for it included such diverse
+headings as "Ladies with Pasts," "Heroines of History," "Romanism,"
+"Wits and Women of Paris," "Comic Aspects of Love," and "Gallantry."
+On all of these matters she had plenty to say. On some of them quite a
+lot, for they ran to an average of a dozen closely printed pages, and,
+when delivered in public, took up three hours. In the one on
+"Beautiful Women" precise details were given as to the adventitious
+causes contributing to her own sylph-like figure, glossy hair and
+pearly teeth, etc., and a number of prescriptions were also offered.
+These, she recommended, should be manufactured at home. "For a few
+shillings and a little trouble," she pointed out, "any lady can secure
+an adequate supply of all such things, composed of materials far
+superior to the expensive compounds bought from druggists;" and the
+recipes, she insisted, "had been translated by herself from the
+original French, Spanish, German, and Italian." Among these were
+<i>Beaume &agrave; l'Antique</i>, <i>Unction de Maintenon</i>, and <i>Pommade de
+Seville</i>; and "a retired actress at Gibraltar" was responsible for a
+specific for "warding off baldness." Lola put it in two words&mdash;"avoid
+nightcaps." But she was sympathetic about scalp troubles. "Without a
+fine head of hair, no woman can be really beautiful.... The dogs would
+bark at and run away from her in the street." To be well covered on
+top was, she held, "quite as important for the opposite sex." "How
+like a fool or a ruffian," she remarked, "do the noblest masculine
+features appear if the hair of the head is bad. Many a dandy who has
+scarcely brains or courage enough to catch a sheep has enslaved the
+hearts of a hundred girls with his Hyperion locks!"</p>
+
+<p>Although nominally the author of them, these lectures were, like her
+previous flight, really strung together by that clerical "ghost," the
+Rev. Chauncey Burr, with whom she had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[238]</a></span> collaborated in her "memoirs."
+Wielding a ready pen, he gave good value, for the chapters were well
+sprinkled with choice classical quotations and elegant extracts from
+the poets, together with allusions to Aristotle and Theophrastus, to
+Madame de Sta&euml;l and Washington Irving.</p>
+
+<p>In the lecture on "Gallantry," Lola had a warm encomium for King
+Ludwig.</p>
+
+<p>"His Majesty," she informed her audience, "is one of the most refined
+and high-toned gentlemen of the old school of manners. He is also one
+of the most learned men of genius in all Europe. To him art is more
+indebted than to any other monarch who has ever lived. King Ludwig is
+the author of several volumes of poems, which are evidence of his
+natural genius and elaborately cultivated taste.... He worships beauty
+like one of the old troubadours; and his gallantry is caused by his
+love of art. He was the greatest and best King Bavaria ever had."</p>
+
+<p>In another passage she had a smack at the Catholic Church:</p>
+
+<p>"An evil hour brought into Ludwig's counsels the most despotic and
+illiberal of the Jesuits. Through the influence of his ministers the
+natural liberality of the King was perpetually thwarted; and the
+Government degenerated into a petty tyranny, where priestly influence
+was sucking out the very life-blood of the people."</p>
+
+<p>More than something of a doctrinaire, her observations on "Romanism"
+(which she dubbed "an abyss of superstition and moral pollution")
+might have fallen from the lips of a hot-gospeller of to-day. "Who,"
+she asked her hearers, "shall compute the stupefying and brutalizing
+effects of such religion? Who will dare tell me that this terrible
+Church does not lie upon the bosom of the present time like a vast,
+unwieldy, and offensive corpse? America does not yet recognise how
+much she owes to the Protestant principle. It is that principle which
+has given the world the four greatest facts of modern
+times&mdash;steamboats, railroads, telegraphs, and the American Republic."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[239]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>This somewhat novel definition of "the four greatest facts of modern
+times" was received with rapture by its hearers.</p>
+
+<p>Despite certain jeers from some of the reviewers, the lectures
+continued to attract the public. The novelty of Lola Montez at the
+rostrum drew large audiences everywhere; and she had no difficulty in
+arranging a long tour. Feeling, when it came to an end, that a similar
+measure of success might be secured on the other side of the Atlantic,
+she resolved to visit England.</p>
+
+<p>Just before leaving America for this purpose, she wrote to a one-time
+Munich acquaintance, who was then editing a New York magazine:</p>
+
+<p class="sig"><span class="smcap">Yorkville</span>,</p>
+
+<p class="sig2"><i>August 20, 1858.</i></p>
+
+<p class="sig3"><span class="smcap">My dear Mr. Leland</span>,</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>I wish to thank you for the very kind notice you gave in
+your interesting magazine of my first book, and I have
+requested Messrs. Dick and Fitzgerald, my publishers, to
+send to your private address a copy of my <i>Arts of Beauty</i>.
+I hope, as a <i>critique</i>, it will be found "not wanting" (I
+do not mean not wanted).</p>
+
+<p>Will you give my best and kindest regards to our friend
+Caxton; and, with the hope of hearing from you before I
+leave for Europe, which will be in a couple of months, I
+remain, far or near, your friend,</p></div>
+
+<p class="sig2"><span class="smcap">Lola Montez</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Of course, there was a postscript:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The subject of my lectures in Europe will be on America.
+This should prove attractive."</p></div>
+
+<p>Another letter suggests that an appointment with Leland had not been
+kept:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>I should have much liked to have seen you before my
+departure for Ireland on Tuesday by Pacific, but I cannot
+control circumstances, you know; and therefore all I ask you
+until my return next July is a "place in your<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240">[240]</a></span> memory."
+Maybe, I shall write to you, or, maybe, not. But, whatever
+is, be sure that <i>You</i> will not be forgotten by Yrs.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="sig2"><span class="smcap">Lola Montez.</span></p>
+
+
+<p>Again the inevitable postscript:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"Give my best and kindest regards to <i>our friend</i>. Tell him I shall
+certainly manage to fill his columns with plenty more newspaper
+lectures."</p>
+
+<p>According to himself, Lola looked upon the young American with
+something more than mere friendship. "Once," he says, in his
+reminiscences, "she proposed to make a bolt with me to Europe, which I
+declined. The secret of my influence," he adds smugly, "was that I
+always treated her with respect, and never made love."</p>
+
+
+<h3>III</h3>
+
+<p>It was at the end of November, 1858, that Lola landed once more in the
+United Kingdom. She began her campaign there in Dublin, where,
+twenty-four years earlier, she had lived as a young bride, danced at
+the Castle, and flirted with the Viceroy's aides-de-camp. During the
+interval a crowded chapter, and one full of colour and life and
+movement, had been written.</p>
+
+<p>All being in readiness, the public were duly informed of her plans by
+an advertisement:</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter"><img class="img1" src="images/poster_08.jpg" alt="Poster" /></div>
+
+<p class="center">
+MADAME LOLA MONTEZ, COUNTESS OF<br />
+LANDSFELD, will give a Lecture on "America and its<br />
+People," at the Round Room, Rotundo, on Wednesday<br />
+evening, December 8. Reserved seats, 3s.; unreserved, 2s. 6d.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>The d&eacute;but would appear to have been highly successful. "The
+announcement of the lecture," said a report the next morning, "created
+a degree of interest almost unparalleled among the Dublin public. The
+platform was regularly <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">[241]</a></span>carried by a throng of admirers, giving
+Madame Lola Montez barely space to reach her desk. She was listened to
+with enraptured attention and warm manifestations of approval"; and
+"very properly, an ill-bred fellow, who exclaimed, 'hee-haw' at
+regular intervals, was loudly hissed."</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 450px;"><a name="pic_21" id="pic_21"></a>
+<img src="images/image_22.jpg" width="450" height="709" alt="&quot;Lectures and Life.&quot; From stage to platform"  />
+<span class="caption">&quot;Lectures and Life.&quot; From stage to platform</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>For some reason or other, Lola was constantly embroiled with
+journalists. Thus, during this Dublin visit she had a passage at arms
+with one of them, who had published some damaging criticisms about her
+life in Paris. Thereupon, she wrote an angry letter to the editor of
+the <i>Daily Express</i>. As, however, she was alluding to events that had
+taken place nearly fifteen years earlier, her memory was somewhat at
+fault. Thus, she insisted that, when Dujarier met his death, she was
+living in the house of a Dr. and Mrs. Azan; and also that "the good
+Queen of Bavaria wept bitterly when she left Munich."</p>
+
+<p>But, if Lola Montez was not very reliable, the editor of the <i>Dublin
+Daily Express</i> was similarly slipshod in his comments. "It is now," he
+declared, "well established that Lola Montez was born in 1824, her
+father being the son of a baronet."</p>
+
+<p>Crossing from Ireland to England, Lola, prior to appearing in London,
+undertook a tour in the provinces. On January 8, 1859, she appeared at
+the Free Trade Hall, Manchester, where her subject was "Portraits of
+English and American Character." This went down very well, although,
+to her disappointment, John Bright declined to take the chair. At
+Liverpool, however, "the public went almost wild with excitement";
+and, as a result, her share of the box-office receipts was &pound;250. But,
+although she attracted the mob, she managed to upset the
+susceptibilities of the critics. "Some of Madam's allusions," declared
+a shocked hearer, "were in questionable taste, and, as she delivered
+her address, the epithet 'coarse' fell from several members of the
+audience."</p>
+
+<p>A visit to Chester, which followed the Liverpool one, was marked by an
+unfortunate incident:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">[242]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"We learn with sorrow," said an eye-witness, "that on Thursday last
+the lady introduced, if not American, certainly not English, manners
+into one of our most venerable cathedrals. When, accompanied by a
+masculine escort, she entered the sacred edifice, the gentleman (?)
+demurred to removing his hat. While in dispute on this point of
+etiquette, Madam's pet dog attempted to join her. On being informed by
+the sexton that such canine companionship was inadmissible, her anger
+was aroused and she withdrew in considerable dudgeon."</p>
+
+<p>The provincial tour was an extensive one; and, during it, she
+encountered a certain amount of competition. Thus, at Bristol she was
+sandwiched in between Barnum and a quarterly meeting of the Bible
+Society. None the less, "the fair Lola had a very cordial reception
+from a number of respectable citizens." But she was to have a set-back
+in one town that must have held many memories of her girlhood. This
+was Bath, where she appeared in the Assembly Rooms. The attitude of
+the press was distinctly inimical. "We must say," was one acid
+comment, "that a greater <i>sell</i> we have not met with for a very long
+time. All the audience got for their money were some remarks of the
+most commonplace and twaddling description. They lasted about an hour,
+and even this was an hour too much." Still, Brighton, where the tour
+finished, more than made up for Bath; and she was so successful there
+that "the Pavilion was crammed to the doors, and additional lectures
+had to be given." Thus, all was well that ended well.</p>
+
+<p>A provincial triumph was worth having. Lola, however, had set her
+heart on conquering London. With this end in view, accordingly, she
+despatched an emissary ahead to make the preliminary arrangements.
+Offers of theatres were showered upon her. One was from that
+remarkable figure, Edward Tyrell Smith. She would probably have done
+well under his management, for nobody understood showmanship better
+than this British Barnum. In this direction he had nothing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">[243]</a></span> to learn
+from anybody. Beginning his career as a sailor, he had soon tired of a
+life on the ocean wave, and, abandoning the prospect of becoming
+another Nelson, had joined the police force as a humble constable. But
+he did not remain one long; and became in turn a Fleet Street
+publican, the proprietor of a Haymarket night-house, an auctioneer, a
+picture dealer, a bill discounter (with a side line in usury), and the
+editor of a Sunday organ. Next, the theatre attracted his energies;
+and in 1852 he secured a lease of Drury Lane at the moderate rental of
+&pound;70 a week. On Boxing-night he offered his first programme there. This
+consisted of <i>Uncle Tom's Cabin</i> (with "fierce bloodhounds complete"),
+followed by a full length pantomime and a "roaring farce." Value for
+money in those palmy days. But, as an entrepreneur, Mr. Smith was
+always ahead of his period. Thus, he abolished the customary charge
+for booking; and, instead of increasing them, he lowered his prices
+when he had a success; and it is also to his credit that he introduced
+matin&eacute;es.</p>
+
+<p>Such a manager deserved to go far. This one did go far. Having
+discovered his niche, the pushful Smith soon had his fingers in
+several other pies. Thus, from Drury Lane he went to the Alhambra, and
+from the Alhambra to Astley's, with intervening spells at the Lyceum
+and the Elephant and Castle. He also took in his stride Her Majesty's
+and Cremorne. All was fish that he swept into his net. Some, of
+course, were minnows, but others were Tritons. Charles Mathews and the
+two Keans, together with Giuglini and Titiens, served under his
+banner, as did also acrobats, conjurers, and pugilists. He "ran"
+opera, circuses, gambling hells, and "moral waxworks" simultaneously;
+and, these fields of endeavour not being enough for him, he added to
+them by standing for Parliament (opposing Samuel Whitbread) and
+editing the <i>Sunday Times</i>. Always a man of resource, when he was
+conducting a tavern he put his barmaids into "bloomers." This daring
+stroke had its reward; and, by swelling the consumption of beer,
+perceptibly increased his bank balance. Hence, it is not<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[244]</a></span> perhaps
+unnatural that such widely spread activities should have inspired a
+lyrical apostrophe:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Awake, my Muse, with fervour and with pith,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">To sing the praise of Lessee Edward Smith!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Yet, shrewd as he was, Mr. Smith was himself once bitten. During his
+money-lending interval, he happened to discount (at what he considered
+a "business" rate) some bills for &pound;600 out of which Prince Louis
+Napoleon, then sheltering in London, had been swindled by some
+card-sharpers at the notorious Judge and Jury Club. The next morning,
+the victim, coming to his senses, went to the police, and the police
+went to the sharpers. As a result, the members of the gang were
+arrested and the bills were cancelled. Feeling that he had a genuine
+grievance, since he was out of pocket by the transaction, the acceptor
+waited until a turn of Fortune's wheel had established Louis Napoleon
+at the Tuileries. He then wrote to him for permission to open some
+pleasure gardens in Paris on the lines of those he had conducted at
+Cremorne. The desired permission, however, was withheld.</p>
+
+<p>"No gratitude," said the disappointed applicant.</p>
+
+
+<h3>IV</h3>
+
+<p>Tempting as were the prospects he offered, Lola, after some
+discussion, felt that she could do better, from a financial point of
+view, without the help of Mr. E. T. Smith. Accordingly, making her own
+arrangements, she hired the St. James's Hall, where, on April 7, 1859,
+she delivered the first of a series of four lectures.</p>
+
+<p>Although a considerable interval had elapsed since she was last in
+London, the public had not forgotten the dramatic circumstances under
+which she had then appeared at Marlborough Street police court. This
+fact, combined with the lure of her subject, "Beautiful Women," was
+sufficient to cram every portion of the building with an interested
+and expectant audience. They came from all parts. Clapham<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">[245]</a></span> and
+Highgate were no less anxious for guidance than Kensington and
+Belgravia. If an entertainment-tax had been levied at that period the
+revenue would have benefited substantially. "The appearance on the
+platform of the fair lecturer," said one account, "was responsible for
+the most extensive display of opera glasses that has been seen in
+London since the Empress Eug&eacute;nie visited the Opera."</p>
+
+<p>By an unfortunate coincidence, the St. James's Hall <i>premi&egrave;re</i> clashed
+with another attraction elsewhere. This was the confirmation that
+evening of the dusky King of Bonny by the Bishop of London. Still, a
+considerable number managed to attend both items; and, of the two, the
+lecture proved the greater draw.</p>
+
+<p>Striking a note of warning at the outset, Lola began by telling her
+hearers that, "It is the penalty of Nature that young girls must fade
+and become as wizened as their grandmothers." But she had a message of
+hope to offer, for, she said, "wrinkles can be warded off and autumn
+tresses made to preserve their pristine freshness." The cure was
+merely careful dieting and the "abolition of injurious cosmetics and
+the health-destroying bodice." Taking the measure of her audience, she
+laid on flattery with a trowel. "You have," she assured them, "only to
+look into the ranks of the upper classes to see around you the most
+beautiful women in Europe; and where this is concerned, I must give
+the preference to the nobility of England." Among the examples held up
+for admiration by her were the Duchess of Sutherland&mdash;"the paragon and
+type of Britain's aristocracy"&mdash;and "the very voluptuous Lady
+Blessington." Approval for the Duchess of Wellington, however, was
+less pronounced, since, while admitting her physical charms, Lola
+declared her to be "of little intellect, and as cold as a piece of
+sculpture."</p>
+
+<p>Claiming to have visited Turkey (but omitting to say when), Lola
+offered an item unrecorded in the archives of the British Embassy
+there:</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[246]</a></span></p><div class="blockquot"><p>"In Turkey I saw very few beautiful women. The lords of
+creation in that part of the world treat the opposite sex as
+you would geese&mdash;stuff them to make them fat. Through the
+politeness of Sir Stratford Canning, English Ambassador at
+Constantinople, I was kindly permitted to visit the Sultan's
+harem as often as I pleased and there look upon the 'lights
+of the world.' These 'lights of the world' consisted of five
+hundred bodies of unwieldy avoirdupois. The ladies of the
+harem gazed upon my leanness with commiserating wonder."</p></div>
+
+<p>The lecture finished up on a high note:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"It has been my privilege to see some of the most celebrated
+beauties that shine in the gilded courts of fashion
+throughout the world&mdash;from St. James's to St. Petersburg,
+from Paris to India&mdash;and yet I am unaware of any quality
+that can atone for the absence of an unpolished mind and an
+unlovely heart. A charming activity of soul is the real
+source of woman's beauty. It is that which gives the
+sweetest expression to her face and lights up her
+<i>personnel</i>."</p></div>
+
+<p>In the matter of publicity Lola had nothing of which to complain; and
+the next morning descriptive columns were published by the dozen.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>The d&eacute;but of Madame Lola Montez (announced the <i>Star</i>), in
+the presence of a large and fashionable gathering, was a
+decided success. Every portion of the spacious and elegant
+building was completely filled. Madame presented herself in
+that black velvet costume which seems to be the only
+alternative to white muslin for ladies who aspire to be
+considered historic. Not Marie Stuart herself could have
+become it better than Lola Montez. Her face, air, attitude,
+and elocution are thoroughly and bewilderingly feminine.
+Perhaps her smartest and happiest remark was the one in
+which, with a pretty affectation, she says, "If I were a
+gentleman, I should like an American young lady to flirt
+with, but a typical English girl for a wife." This dictum
+was received with much applause.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">[247]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>One can well believe it.</p>
+
+<p>An anonymous leader, but which, from its florid touches, was evidently
+penned by George Augustus Sala, dwelt on Lola's personality:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Some disappointment may have been caused by the appearance
+of the fair lecturer. A Semiramis, a Zenobia, a Cleopatra,
+in marvellous robes of gold and silver tissue, might have
+been looked for; but, in reality, the rostrum was occupied
+by a very handsome lady, with a very charming voice and a
+very winning smile.... Madame Lola Montez lectures very well
+and very naturally. Some will go to hear the accomplished
+elocutionist; others will be envious to see the wife of
+Captain James and silly Mr. Heald; the friend of Dujarier
+and Beauvalon; the <i>cara sposa</i> of King Ludwig. Phryne went
+to the bath as Venus&mdash;and Madame Lola Montez lectures at St.
+James's Hall.</p></div>
+
+<p>Taking a professional interest in everything connected, however
+remotely, with the drama (and having more time in which to do it) the
+<i>Era</i> offered its readers a considered opinion at greater length:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>If any amongst the full and fashionable auditory that
+attended her first appearance fancied (with a lively
+recollection of certain scandalous chronicles in the
+newspapers touching upon her antecedents) that they were
+about to behold a formidable-looking woman, of Amazonian
+audacity and palpably strong-wristed as well as
+strong-minded, their disappointment must have been grievous;
+greater if they anticipated the legendary bulldog at her
+side, and the traditionary pistols in her girdle, and the
+horse-whip in her hand. The Lola Montez who made a graceful
+and impressive obeisance to those who gave her on Thursday
+night so cordial and encouraging a reception appeared simply
+as a good-looking lady in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">[248]</a></span> the bloom of womanhood, attired
+in a plain black dress, with easy unrestrained manners....
+The lecture might have been a newspaper article, the first
+chapter of a book of travels, or the speech of a long-winded
+American Ambassador at a Mansion House dinner. All was
+exceedingly decorous and diplomatic, slightly gilded here
+and there with those commonplace laudations that stir a
+British public into the utterance of patriotic plaudits. A
+more inoffensive entertainment could hardly be imagined; and
+when the six sections into which the lady had divided her
+discourse, were exhausted, and her final bow elicited a
+renewal of the applause that had accompanied her entrance,
+the impression on the departing visitors must have been that
+of having spent an hour in company with a well-informed lady
+who had gone to America, had seen much to admire there, and,
+coming back, had had over the tea-table the talk of the
+evening to herself. Whatever the future disquisitions of the
+Countess of Landsfeld may be, there is little doubt that
+many will go to hear them for the sake of the peculiar
+celebrity of the lecturer.</p></div>
+
+<p>To this, the <i>Era</i> reporter na&iuml;vely added: "Her foreign accent might
+belong to any language from Irish to Bavarian."</p>
+
+<p>Lola did not have the field entirely to herself. While she was telling
+the St. James's Hall public how to improve their appearance at very
+small cost, a rival practitioner, with a <i>salon</i> in Bond Street, was,
+in the advertisement columns of the morning papers, announcing her
+readiness to furnish the necessary requisites at a very high figure.
+This was a "Madame Rachel," some of whose dupes parted with as much as
+five hundred guineas, on the understanding that she would make them
+"Beautiful for ever!"</p>
+
+<p>Like Lola Montez, "Madame Rachel" brought out a puff pamphlet,
+directing attention to her specifics. This production beat the effort
+of the Rev. Chauncey Burr, for it bristled<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249">[249]</a></span> with references, to the
+Bible and Shakespeare, to Grace Darling and Florence Nightingale.
+Among her nostrums was a bottle of "Jordan Water," which she sold at
+the modest figure of &pound;15 15s. a flask. Chemical analysis, however,
+revealed it to have come, not from Palestine, but from the River
+Thames. She also supplied, on extortionate terms, various drugs and
+"medical treatment" of a description upon which the Law frowns
+heavily. As a result, "Madame Rachel" left Bond Street for the dock of
+the Old Bailey, where she was sent to penal servitude for swindling.</p>
+
+<p>In the lecture on "Wits and Women of Paris," Lola did not forget her
+old friends. She had a good word for Dumas:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Of the literary lights during my residence in Paris,
+Alexandre Dumas was the first, as he would be in any city
+anywhere. He was not only the boon companion of princes, but
+he was the prince of boon companions. He is now about
+fifty-five years old, a tall, fine-looking man, with
+intellect stamped on his brow. Of all the men I ever met he
+is the most brilliant in conversation. He is always sought
+for at convivial suppers, and is always sure to attend
+them."</p></div>
+
+<p>Discretion, perhaps, prevented her saying anything about Dujarier and
+the tragedy of his death. Still, she had something to say about Roger
+de Beauvoir, whom she declared to be "one of the three men that kept
+Paris alive when I was there." Her recollection of Jules Janin
+rankled. "He was," she said, "a malicious and caustic critic.
+Everybody feared him, and everybody was civil to him through fear. I
+do not know anyone (even his wife) who loves him in Paris." But Eug&eacute;ne
+Sue was in another category. "He was an honest, sincere, truth-loving
+man; and it will be long before Paris can fill the place which his
+death has made vacant."</p>
+
+<p>In the "Heroines of History" lecture the audience were told that "All
+history is full of startling examples of female heroism, proving that
+woman's heart is made of as stout a stuff and of as brave a metal as
+that which beats within the ribs of the coarser sex." But, feminist as
+she was, Lola had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[250]</a></span> no sympathy with any suggestion to grant them the
+franchise. "Women who get together in conventions for the purpose of
+ousting men will never," she declared, "accomplish anything. They can
+effect legislation only by quiet and judicious counsel. These
+convention women are very poor politicians."</p>
+
+<p>The last lectures in the series dealt with "Comic Aspects of Love,"
+and "Strong-minded Women." Among the typical specimens offered for
+consideration were such diverse personalities as Semiramis, Queen
+Elizabeth, the Countess of Derby, George Sand, and Mrs. Bloomer. In
+the discourse on "The Comic Aspects of Love" the range swept from
+Aristotle and Plato to Mahomet and the Mormons. If the B.B.C. had been
+in existence, Lola would undoubtedly have been booked for a "talk." As
+it was, two of the lectures were reprinted in <i>The Welcome Guest</i>, "a
+magazine of recreative reading for all," with Robert Browning, Charles
+Kingsley and Monckton Milnes among its contributors. Thinking they had
+a market, an enterprising publisher rushed out a volume, <i>The Lectures
+of Lola Montez</i>. When a copy reached the editor, it was reviewed in
+characteristically elephantine fashion by the <i>Athen&aelig;um</i>:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"We can imagine the untravelled dames of Fifth Avenue
+listening with wonder to a female lecturer who seems to have
+lived hand in glove with all the crowned heads of Europe;
+and who can tell them, not only Who's-Who, but also repeat
+their conversations, criticise their personal appearances,
+and describe the secret arts by which the men preserve their
+powers and the women their beauty."</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[251]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XVII" id="CHAPTER_XVII"></a>CHAPTER XVII</h2>
+
+<h3>THE CURTAIN FALLS</h3>
+
+
+<h3>I</h3>
+<div class="figleft"><img class="img1" src="images/image_26.jpg" alt="A" width="51" height="50" /></div>
+
+<p>t the end of the year 1859, Lola, once more a bird of passage, was on
+the way back to America, taking with her some fresh material for
+another lecture campaign. This, entitled "John Bull at Home," fell
+very flat; and instead of, as hitherto, addressing crowded halls, she
+now found scanty gatherings wherever she was booked. Even when the
+charge of admission was reduced from the original figure of a dollar
+to one of 25 cents, "business" did not improve. Uncle Sam made it
+obvious that he took no sort of interest in John Bull, either at home
+or elsewhere.</p>
+
+<p>America, however, was, as it happened, taking a very lively interest
+in something else just then that did happen to be connected with John
+Bull's country. This was the visit of the Prince of Wales. It had been
+announced by an imaginative journalist that H.R.H. was to be "piloted"
+during his tour by John Camel Heenan, otherwise the "Benicia Boy." It
+was, however, under the more rigid tutelage of General Bruce that the
+distinguished guest landed on American shores. Mere prose not being
+adequate to record the historic incident a laureate set to work:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">He came! A slender youth and fair!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A courtly, gentlemanly grace&mdash;the Grace of God!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The tenure of his mother's Throne, and great men's fame<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Sat like a sparkling jewel on his brow.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ah, Albert Edward! When you homeward sail<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Take back with you, and treasure in your soul<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">A wholesome lesson which you here may learn!<br /></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252">[252]</a></span></div></div>
+
+<p>While he was in New York a ball in honour of the Prince was given at
+the Opera House by the "Committee of Welcome." This inspired a second
+laureate, Edmund Clarence Stedman:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">But as <span class="smcap">Albert Edward</span>, young and fair,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Stood on the canopied dais-chair,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And looked from the circle crowding there<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To the length and breadth of the outer scene,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Perhaps he thought of his mother, the <span class="smcap">Queen</span>:<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">(Long may her empery be serene!<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Long may the Heir of England prove<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Loyal and tender; may he pay<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">No less allegiance to her love<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Than to the sceptre of her sway!)<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The visit of the Prince of Wales was not the only attraction
+challenging the popularity of Lola Montez at this period. There was
+another rival, and one in more direct competition with herself. This
+was Sam Cowell, a music-hall "star" from England. A comedian of
+genuine talent, he took America by storm with a couple of ballads,
+"The Rat-Catcher's Daughter" and "Villikins and his Dinah." The public
+flocked to hear him in their thousands. Lola's lectures fell very
+flat. Even fresh material and reduced prices failed to serve as a
+lure. The position was becoming serious.</p>
+
+<p>But, while her manager looked glum when he examined the box-office
+figures, Lola was not upset, for she had suddenly developed another
+activity, and one to which she was giving all her attention. This was
+the occult. The "Voices" at whose bidding she had abandoned the stage
+a couple of years earlier were now insistent that she should drop the
+platform; and, casting in her lot with the "Spirits," get into touch
+with a mysterious region vaguely referred to as "the Beyond."</p>
+
+<p>It was a time when spiritualism was flourishing like a green bay tree.
+Mrs. Hayden ("the wife of a respectable journalist") and the Fox
+Sisters had been playing their pranks for years and collecting dollars
+from dupes all over the country; and their rivals, the Davenport
+Brothers, with Daniel Dunglas Home (Browning's "Sludge, the Medium")
+were <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_253" id="Page_253">[253]</a></span>humbugging Harvard professors, financial magnates, and Supreme
+Court judges; and, not to be behindhand, other experts were (for a
+cash consideration) calling up Columbus and Shakespeare and Napoleon,
+who talked to them at s&eacute;ances as readily as if they were at the end of
+a telephone, but with pronounced American accents.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a name="pic_22" id="pic_22"></a>
+<img src="images/image_23.jpg" width="500" height="635" alt="Countess of Landsfeld. A favourite portrait
+
+(Harvard Theatre Collection)"  />
+<span class="caption">Countess of Landsfeld. A favourite portrait
+
+(Harvard Theatre Collection)</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Lola's first reaction was all that could be desired. There never was a
+more promising recruit or a more receptive one. Quite prepared to take
+the "Voices" on trust, and to contribute liberally to the "cause," she
+attended a number of psychic circles, arranged by Stephen Andrews and
+other charlatans; listened to mysterious rappings and tappings coming
+out of the darkness; felt inanimate objects being lifted across the
+room; heard tambourines rattled by invisible hands; and unquestionably
+swallowed all the traditional tomfoolery that appears to be part and
+parcel of such "phenomena."</p>
+
+<p>This state of things might have continued indefinitely. By, however,
+an unfortunate mischance, a "medium," from whom much was expected,
+went, in his endeavour to give satisfaction, a little too far. Not
+keeping a vigilant eye on European happenings, he announced at one
+such gathering that the "spirit" addressing the assembly was that of
+Ludwig of Bavaria. As, however, Ludwig was still in the land of the
+living (where, by the way, he remained for several years to come) it
+was a bad slip. The result was, Lola felt her faith shaken, and,
+convinced that she was being exploited, shut up her purse, and
+withdrew from the promised "guidance."</p>
+
+
+<h3>II</h3>
+
+<p>Under stress of emotion, some women take to the bottle; others to the
+Bible. With Lola Montez, however, it was a case of from Bunkum to
+Boanerges, from the circle to the conventicle. Spiritualism had been
+tried and found wanting. Casting about for something with which to
+fill the empty niche and adjust her equilibrium, she turned to
+religion for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">[254]</a></span> consolation. The brand she selected was that favoured by
+the Methodists. One would scarcely imagine that Little Bethel would
+have had much appeal to her. But perhaps its very drabness and
+remoteness from the world of the footlights proved a welcome relief.</p>
+
+<p>Having "got religion," Lola fastened upon it with characteristic
+fervour. It occupied all her thoughts; and in the process she soon
+developed what would now be dubbed a marked inferiority-complex.</p>
+
+<p>"Lord," she wrote at this period, "Thy mercies are great to me. Oh!
+how little are they deserved, filthy worm that I am! Oh! that the Holy
+Spirit may fill my soul with prayer! Lord, have mercy on Thy weary
+wanderer, and grant me all I beseech of Thee! Oh! give me a meek and
+lowly heart. Amen."</p>
+
+<p>A doctor, had she consulted one just then, would probably have
+prescribed a blue pill.</p>
+
+<p>There is a theory that the "Light" had been vouchsafed as the result
+of a chance visit to Spurgeon's Tabernacle when she was last in
+England. Although Spurgeon himself never put forward any such claim, a
+diary that Lola kept at the time has a significant entry:</p>
+
+<p class="sig"><span class="smcap">London</span>,</p>
+
+<p class="sig2"><i>September 10, 1859.</i></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>How many, many years of my life have been sacrificed to
+Satan and my own love of sin! What have I not been guilty of
+in thought or deed during these years of wretchedness! Oh! I
+dare not think of the past. What have I not been! I only
+lived for my own passions; and what is there of good even in
+the best natural human being! What would I not give to have
+my terrible and fearful experience given as an awful warning
+to such natures as my own!</p></div>
+
+<p>A week later, things not having improved during the interval, she took
+stock of her position in greater detail:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">[255]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>I am afraid sometimes that I think too well of myself. But
+let me only look back to the past. Oh! how I am humbled....
+How manifold are my sins, and how long in years have I lived
+a life of evil passions without a check!</p>
+
+<p>To-morrow (the Lord's Day) is the day of peace and
+happiness. Once it seemed to me anything but a happy day.
+But now all is wonderfully changed in my heart.... This week
+I have principally sinned through hastiness of temper and
+uncharitableness of feeling towards my neighbour. Oh! that I
+could have only love for others and hatred of myself!</p></div>
+
+<p>Another passage ran:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>To-morrow is Sunday, and I shall go into the poor little
+humble chapel, and there will I mingle my prayers with the
+fervent pastor, and with the good and true. There is no pomp
+or ceremony among these. All is simple. No fine dresses, no
+worldly display, but the honest Methodist breathes forth a
+sincere prayer, and I feel much unity of souls.</p></div>
+
+<p>The "conversion" of Lola Montez was no flash in the pan, or the result
+of a sudden impulse. It was a real one, deep and sincere and lasting.
+Her former triumphs on the stage and in the boudoir had become as dust
+and ashes. Compared with her new-found joy in religion, all else was
+vanity and emptiness.</p>
+
+<p>"I can forget my French and German, and everything else I have
+valued," she is declared to have said to a pressman, who, scenting a
+"news story," followed hot-foot on her track, "but I cannot forget my
+Christ."</p>
+
+<p>She had been "Montez the Magnificent." Now she was "Montez the
+Magdalen." The woman whose voluptuous beauty and unbridled passion had
+upset thrones and fired the hearts of men was now concerned with the
+saving of souls. As such, she resolved to spread "the Word" among
+others less happily circumstanced. To this end, she preached in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_256" id="Page_256">[256]</a></span>
+conventicles and visited hospitals, asylums, and prisons, offering a
+helping hand to all who would accept one, and especially to
+"unfortunates" of her own sex. She had her disappointments. But
+neither snubs nor setbacks, nor sneers nor jeers could turn her from
+the path she had elected to tread.</p>
+
+<p>"In the course of a long experience as a Christian minister," says a
+clergyman whom she encountered at this period, "I do not think I ever
+saw deeper penitence and humility, more real contrition of soul, and
+more bitter self-reproach than in this poor woman."</p>
+
+<p>"With," he adds, in an oleaginous little tract on the subject, "a
+heart full of generous sympathy for the poor outcasts of her own sex,
+she devoted the last few months of her life to visiting them at the
+Magdalen Asylum, near New York.... She strove to impress upon them not
+only the awful guilt of breaking the divine law, but the inevitable
+earthly sorrow which those who persisted with thoughtless desperation
+in sinful courses were assuredly treasuring up for themselves."</p>
+
+<p>But, except those who encountered her charity and self-sacrifice,
+there were few who had a good word for Lola Montez in her character as
+a Magdalen. People who had fawned upon her in the days of her success
+now jeered and sneered and affected to doubt the reality of her
+penitence. "Once a sinner, always a sinner," they declared; and "Lola
+in the pulpit is rich!" was another barbed shaft.</p>
+
+<p>In thus abandoning the buskin for the Bible, Lola Montez was following
+one example and setting another. The example she followed was that of
+Mlle Gautier, of the Com&eacute;die Fran&ccedil;aise, who, after flashing across the
+horizon of Maurice de Saxe (and several others), left the footlights
+and retired to a convent. "It is true," she says in her memoirs, "that
+I have encountered during my theatrical career a number of people
+whose morals have been as irreproachable as their talents, but I
+myself was not among them." This was putting it&mdash;well&mdash;mildly, for,
+according to Le d'Hoefer, "her stage<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">[257]</a></span> career was marked by a freedom
+of manner pushed to the extremity of licence."</p>
+
+<p>In the sisterhood that she joined the new name of Mlle Gautier was
+Sister Augustine. As such, she lived a Carmelite nun for thirty-two
+years. But time did not hang heavy on her hands, for, in addition to
+religious exercises and domestic tasks, she occupied herself with
+painting miniatures and composing verses. "I am so happy here," she
+wrote from her cell, "that I much regret having delayed too long
+entering this holy place. The real calm and peace I have now
+discovered have made me imagine all my previous life an evil dream."</p>
+
+<p>The example that Lola Montez was setting was to be followed, fifty
+years later, by another member of her calling. This was Eve
+Lavalli&eacute;re, who, after a distinctly hectic career, cut herself adrift
+from the footlights of Paris and entered the mission-field of North
+Africa. "Here at your feet," she says in one of her letters, "lies the
+vilest, lowest, and most contemptible object on earth, a worm from the
+dung-heap, the most infamous, the most soiled of all creatures. Lord,
+I am but a poor sheep in your flock!"</p>
+
+<p>There is also something of a parallel between the career of Lola
+Montez and that of Theodora, who, once in the circus ring, and, at the
+start, a lady of decidedly easy virtue, afterwards became the consort
+of the Emperor Justinian and shared his throne. Like Lola, too,
+Theodora endeavoured to make amends for her early slips by voluntarily
+abandoning the pomp and power she had once enjoyed and giving herself
+up to the redemption of "fallen women."</p>
+
+
+<h3>III</h3>
+
+<p>Perhaps the "Spirits" resented being abandoned by her in summary
+fashion; perhaps she had overtaxed her energies addressing outdoor
+meetings in all weathers. At any rate, and whatever the cause, while
+she was travelling in the country during the winter of 1860, Lola
+Montez was suddenly stricken down by a mysterious illness. As it
+baffled the hospital<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258">[258]</a></span> doctors, she had to be taken back to New York.
+There, instead of getting better, she gradually got worse, developing
+consumption, followed by partial paralysis.</p>
+
+<p>"What a study for the thoughtless; what a sermon on the inevitable
+result of human vanity!" was the ghoulish comment of a scribbler.</p>
+
+<p>Rufus Blake, an entrepreneur, under whose banner she had once starred,
+has some reminiscences of her at this period. "She lived," he says,
+"in strict retirement, reading religious books, and steadily, calmly,
+hopefully preparing for death, fully convinced that consumption had
+snapped the pillars of her life and that she was soon to make her
+final exit."</p>
+
+<p>After an interval, word of Lola's collapse reached England by means of
+a cutting in a theatrical paper. There it appears to have touched a
+long slumbering maternal chord. "Mrs. Craigie," says a paragraphist,
+"suddenly arrived in America, anxious, as next of kin, to secure her
+daughter's property. On discovering, however, that none existed, she
+hurried back again, leaving behind her a sum of three pounds for
+medicine and other necessities."</p>
+
+<p>Cast off by her fair-weather friends, bereft of her looks,
+poverty-stricken, and ravaged by an insidious illness, the situation
+of Lola Montez was, during that winter of 1860, one to excite pity
+among the most severe of judges. Under duress, even her new found
+trust in Providence began to falter. Was prayer, she wondered
+forlornly, to fail her like everything else? Suddenly, however, and
+when things were at their darkest, a helping hand was offered. One
+bitter evening, as she sat brooding in the miserable lodging where she
+had secured temporary shelter, she was visited by a Mrs. Buchanan,
+claiming her as a friend of the long distant past. The years fell
+back; and, with an effort, Lola recognised in the visitor a girl, now
+a mature matron, whom she had last met in Montrose.</p>
+
+<p>The sympathy of Mrs. Buchanan, shared to the full by her husband, a
+prosperous merchant, was of a practical description.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259">[259]</a></span> Although
+familiar with the many lapses in Lola's career, they counted for
+nothing beside the fact that she was in sore need. Bygones were
+bygones. Insisting that the stricken woman should leave her wretched
+surroundings, Mrs. Buchanan took her into her own well-appointed
+house, provided doctors and nurses, and did all that was possible to
+smooth her path. Deeply religious herself, she soon won back her
+faltering faith, and summoned a clergyman, the Rev. Dr. Hawks, to
+prepare her for the inevitable and rapidly approaching end.</p>
+
+<p>A smug little booklet, <i>The Story of a Penitent: Lola Montez</i>,
+published under the auspices of the "Protestant Society for the
+Promotion of Evangelical Knowledge," was afterwards written by this
+shepherd. Since his name did not appear on the title page, he was able
+to make several unctuous references to himself.</p>
+
+<p>"Most acceptable," he says in one characteristic passage, "were his
+ministrations. Refreshing, too, to his own spirit were his interviews
+with her."</p>
+
+<p>"It was," he continues, "in the latter part of 1860 that I received a
+message from the unhappy woman so well known to the public under the
+name of Lola Montez, earnestly requesting me to visit her and minister
+to her spiritual wants. She had been stricken down by a paralysis of
+her left side. For some days she was unconscious, and her death seemed
+to be at hand. She had, however, rallied, and a most benevolent
+Christian female, who had been her schoolmate in Scotland in the days
+of her girlhood, and knew her well, had stepped forward and provided
+for the temporal comfort of the afflicted companion of her childhood.
+The real name of Lola Montez was Eliza G., and she was of respectable
+family in Ireland, where she was born."</p>
+
+<p>But neither the Rev. Mr. Hawks, with his oiliness and smug piety, nor
+Mrs. Buchanan, with her true womanly sympathy and understanding, could
+bring Lola Montez back to health, any more than&mdash;for all their pills
+and purges&mdash;could the doctors and nurses round her bed. She lay there,
+day<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_260" id="Page_260">[260]</a></span> after day, aware of their presence, but unable to move or speak.
+Yet, able to think. Thoughts crowded upon her in a series of flashing
+pictures; a bewildering phantasmagoria, coming out of the shadows, and
+beckoning to her. Childhood's memories of India; hot suns, marching
+men, palanquins and elephants; Montrose and a dour Calvinism; Bath and
+Sir Jasper Nicolls; love's young dream; Lieutenant James and the
+runaway marriage in Dublin; another experience of India's coral
+strand; kind-hearted Captain Craigie and hard-hearted George Lennox;
+the Consistory Court proceedings; fiasco at Her Majesty's Theatre;
+Ranelagh and Lumley; <i>wanderjahre</i> and odyssey; Paris and Dujarier;
+Ludwig and the steps of a throne; passion and poetry; intrigues and
+liaisons; Cornet Heald and Patrick Hull; voyages from the old world to
+the new; mining camps and backwoods; palaces and conventicles;
+glittering triumphs and abject failures. And now, gasping and
+struggling for breath, the end.</p>
+
+<p>The sands were running out. The days slipped away, and, with them, the
+last vitality of the woman who had once been so full of life and the
+joy of living.</p>
+
+<p>The doctors did what they could. But it was very little, for Lola
+Montez was beyond their help. The end was fast at hand. It came with
+merciful swiftness. On January 17, 1861, she turned her face to the
+wall and drew a last shuddering breath.</p>
+
+<p>"I am very tired," she whispered.</p>
+
+<p>The funeral took place two days later. "Accompanied by some of our
+most respected citizens and their families," says an eye-witness, "the
+cort&egrave;ge left the house of Mrs. Buchanan for Green-Wood cemetery."</p>
+
+<p>"The Rev. Dr. Hawks," adds a second account, "was constantly at the
+bedside of Lola Montez, and gave her the benefit of his pastoral care
+as freely as if she had been a member of his own flock. He conducted
+her obsequies in an impressive fashion; and Mr. Brown, his assistant,
+who had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_261" id="Page_261">[261]</a></span> himself attended so many funerals and weddings in his day,
+was seen to wipe the tears from his eyes, as he heard the reverend
+gentleman remark to Mrs. Buchanan that he had never met with an
+example of more genuine penitence."</p>
+
+<p>"Is not this a brand plucked from the burning?" enquired the Rev. Mr.
+Hawks, as he stood addressing the company assembled round the grave.
+He himself was assured that the description was thoroughly applicable
+to the woman lying there.</p>
+
+<p>"I never saw," he declared, "a more humble penitent. When I prayed
+with her, nothing could exceed the fervour of her devotion; and never
+have I had a more watchful and attentive hearer when I read the
+Scriptures.... If ever a repentant soul loathed past sin, I believe
+hers did."</p>
+
+<p>Possibly, since it could scarcely have been Mrs. Buchanan, it was this
+clerical busybody who was responsible for the inscription on Lola's
+headstone:</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter"><img class="img1" src="images/poster_05.jpg" alt="Tablet" width="400" height="175" /></div>
+
+<p class="center">"MRS. ELIZA GILBERT<br />
+DIED<br />
+January 17, 1861.</p>
+
+
+<p>An odd mask under which to shelter the identity of the gifted woman
+who, given in baptism the names Marie Dolores Eliza Rosanna, had
+flashed across three continents as Lola Montez, Countess of Landsfeld.</p>
+
+
+<h3>IV</h3>
+
+<p>Misrepresented as she had been in her life, Lola Montez was even more
+misrepresented after her death. The breath was scarcely out of her
+body, when a flood of cowardly scurrilities was poured from the gutter
+press. Her good deeds were forgotten; only her derelictions were
+remembered.</p>
+
+<p>One such obituary notice began:</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_262" id="Page_262">[262]</a></span></p><div class="blockquot"><p>"A woman who, in the full light of the nineteenth century,
+renewed all the scandals that disgraced the Middle Ages,
+and, with an audacity that is almost unparalleled, seated
+herself upon the steps of a throne, is worthy of mention; if
+only to show to what extent vice can sometimes triumph, and
+to what a fall it can eventually come."</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 450px;"><a name="pic_23" id="pic_23"></a>
+<img src="images/image_24.jpg" width="450" height="691" alt="Grave of Lola Montez, in Green-wood Cemetery, New York" /><br />
+<span class="caption"><i>Grave of Lola Montez, in Green-wood Cemetery, New York</i><br />
+(<i>Photo by Miss Ida U. Mellen, New York</i>)</span></div>
+
+<p>An editorial, which was published in one of the New York papers,
+contained some odd passages:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Among the most ardent admirers of Lola Montez was a young
+Scotsman, a member of the illustrious house of Lennox, who
+was with difficulty restrained by his family from offering
+her his hand. In London the deceased led a gay life, being
+courted by the Earl of Malmesbury and other distinguished
+noblemen. Wherever she went, she was the observed of all
+observers, conquering the hearts of men of all countries by
+her beauty and blandishments, and their admiration by her
+unflinching independence of character and superior
+intellectual endowments."</p></div>
+
+<p>The death of Lola Montez did not pass without comment in England. The
+<i>Athen&aelig;um</i> necrologist accorded her half a column of obituary, in
+which she was described as "this pretty, picaroon woman, whose name
+can never be omitted from any chronicle of Bavaria."</p>
+
+<p>A Grub Street hack, employed by the curiously named <i>Gentleman's
+Magazine</i>, slung together a column of abuse and lies, founded on
+tap-room gossip:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"When not yet sixteen, she ran away from a school near Cork
+with a young officer of the Bengal Army, Lieutenant Gilbert
+(<i>sic</i>), who married her and took her to India. In
+consequence of her bad conduct there, he was soon obliged to
+send her back to Europe. She first tried the stage as a
+profession, but, failing at it, she eventually adopted a
+career of infamy."</p></div>
+
+<p>A writer in <i>Temple Bar</i> has endeavoured, and, on the whole, with fair
+measure of success, to preserve the balance:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"With more of the good and more of the evil in her
+composition than in that of most of her sisters, Lola Montez
+made a wreck of her life by giving reins to the latter; and
+she stands out as a prominent example of the impossibility
+of a woman breaking<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_263" id="Page_263">[263]</a></span> away from the responsibilities of her
+sex with any permanent gain, either to herself or to
+society. Her passionate, enthusiastic and loving nature was
+her strength which, by fascinating all who came into contact
+with her, was also her weakness."</p></div>
+
+<p>Cameron Rogers, writing on "Gay and Gallant Ladies," sums up the
+career of Lola Montez in deft fashion:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Thus passed one who has been called the Cleopatra and the
+Aspasia of the nineteenth century. A very gallant and
+courageous lady, certainly; and, though she used her beauty
+and her mind not in accordance with the Decalogue, yet
+worthy to be remembered as much for the excellent vigour of
+the latter as for the perfection of the former. Individual
+damnation or salvation in such a case as hers are matters of
+strict opinion; but for Lola's brief to the last judgment
+there is an ancient tag that might never be more aptly
+appended. Like the moral of her life, it is exceedingly
+trite&mdash;<i>Quia multum amavit.</i>"</p></div>
+
+<p>This is well put.</p>
+
+
+<h3>V</h3>
+
+<p>Even after she was in it, and might, one would think, have been left
+there in peace, the dead woman was not allowed to rest quietly in her
+grave. Some years later her mantle was impudently assumed by an
+alleged actress, who, dubbing herself "Countess of Landsfeld,"
+undertook a lecture tour in America. If she had no other gift, this
+one certainly had that of imagination. "I was born," she said to a
+reporter, "in Florence, and my mother, Lola Montez, was really married
+to the King Ludwig of Bavaria. This marriage was strictly valid, and
+my mother's title of countess was afterwards conferred on myself. The
+earliest recollections I have are of being brought up by some nuns in
+a convent in the Black Forest. But for the help of the good Dr.
+D&ouml;llinger, who assisted me to escape, I should still have been kept
+there, a victim of political interests."</p>
+
+<p>This nonsense was eagerly swallowed; and for some time the
+pseudo-"Countess" attracted a following and reaped a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_264" id="Page_264">[264]</a></span> rich harvest. It
+was not until diplomatic representations were made that her career was
+checked.</p>
+
+<p>On Christmas Day, 1898, a New York obituary announced the death of a
+woman, Alice Devereux, the wife of a carpenter in poor circumstances.
+It further declared that she was the "daughter of the notorious Lola
+Montez, and may well have been the grand-daughter of Lord Byron." To
+this it added: "Society has maintained a studious and charitable
+reserve as to the parentage of Lola Montez. All that is definitely
+known on the subject is that a fox-hunting Irish squire, Sir Edward
+Gilbert, was the husband of her mother." Thus is "history" written.</p>
+
+<p>Nor would the "Spirits" leave poor Lola in peace. In the year 1888 a
+woman "medium," calling herself Madam Anna O'Delia Diss DeBar (but,
+under pressure, admitting to several <i>aliases</i>) claimed to be a
+daughter of Lola Montez. As such, she conducted a number of s&eacute;ances,
+and, in return for cash down, evoked the spirit of her alleged mother.
+Some of the cash was extracted from the pocket of a credulous lawyer,
+one Luther Marsh. Thinking he had not had fair value for his dollars,
+he eventually prosecuted Madam for fraud, and had her sent to prison.</p>
+
+<p>She was not disturbed again until the winter of 1929, when an Austrian
+"medium," Rudi Schneider, with, to adopt the jargon of his craft, a
+"trance-personality" called Olga (who professed to be an incarnation
+of Lola Montez), gave some s&eacute;ances in London. The extinguishing of the
+lights and the wheezing of a gramophone were followed by the usual
+"manifestations." Thus, curtains flapped, books fell off chairs,
+tambourines rattled in locked cupboards, and bells jangled, etc. But
+Lola Montez herself was too bashful to appear. None the less, a number
+of "scientists" (all un-named) afterwards announced that "everything
+was very satisfactory."</p>
+
+<p>Thinking that these claims to get into touch with the dead should be
+subjected to a more adequate test, Mr. Harry Price, director of the
+National Laboratory of Psychical<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_265" id="Page_265">[265]</a></span> Research, arranged for Rudi
+Schneider to give a sample of his powers to a committee of experts. As
+a convincing test, Major Hervey de Montmorency (a nephew of the Mr.
+Francis Leigh with whom Lola had once lived in Paris) suggested that
+the accomplished "Olga" should be asked the name of his uncle (which
+was different from his own) and the circumstances under which they had
+parted. This was done, and "Olga" promised to give full details at the
+next sitting. But the promise was not kept. "She conveniently shelved
+every question," says the official report. Altogether, Rudi
+Schneider's stock fell.</p>
+
+
+<h3>VI</h3>
+
+<p>The body of Lola Montez, Countess of Landsfeld, and Canoness of the
+Order of St. Th&eacute;r&egrave;se, has now been crumbling in the dust of a distant
+grave, far from her own kith and kindred, for upwards of seventy
+years. Her name, however, will still be remembered when that of other
+women who have filled a niche in history will have been forgotten.</p>
+
+<p>Lola Montez was no common adventuress. By her beauty and intelligence
+and magnetism she weaved a spell on well nigh all who came within her
+radius. Never any member of her sex quite like this one. Had she been
+born in the Middle Ages, superstition would have had it that Venus
+herself was revisiting the haunts of men in fresh guise. But she would
+then probably have perished at the stake, accused of witchcraft by her
+political opponents. As it was, even in the year 1848 a sovereign
+demanded that a professional exorcist should "drive the devil out of
+her."</p>
+
+<p>To present Lola Montez at her true worth, to adjust the balance
+between her merits and her demerits, is a difficult task. A woman of a
+hundred opposing facets; of rare culture and charm, and of whims and
+fancies and strange enthusiasms each battling with the other. Thus, by
+turns tender and callous, hot-tempered and soft-hearted; childishly
+simple in some things, and amazingly shrewd in others; trusting and
+suspicious; arrogant and humble, yet supremely indifferent<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_266" id="Page_266">[266]</a></span> to public
+opinion; grateful for kindness and loyal to her friends, but neither
+forgetting nor forgiving an injury. Men had treated her worse than she
+had treated them.</p>
+
+<p>For the rest, a flashing, vivid personality, full of resource and high
+courage, and always meeting hard knocks and buffets with equanimity.
+Lola Montez had lived every moment of her life. In the course of their
+career, few women could have cut a wider swath, or one more colourful
+and glamorous. She had beauty and intelligence much above the average.
+All the world had been her stage; and she had played many parts on it.
+Some of them she had played better than others; but all of them she
+had played with distinction. She had boxed the compass as no woman had
+ever yet boxed it. From adventuress to evangelist; coryph&eacute;e,
+courtesan, and convert, each in turn. At the start a mixture of
+Cleopatra and Aspasia; and at the finish a feminine Pelagian. Equally
+at home in the company of princes and poets and diplomats and
+demireps, during the twenty years she was before the public she had
+scaled heights and sunk to depths. Thus, she had queened it in palaces
+and in camps; danced in opera houses and acted in booths; she had bent
+monarchs and politicians to her will; she had stood on the steps of a
+throne, and in the curb of a gutter; she had known pomp and power,
+riches and poverty, dazzling successes and abject failures; she had
+conducted amours and liaisons and intrigues by the dozen; she had made
+history in two hemispheres; a king had given up his crown for her; men
+had lived for her; and men had died for her.</p>
+
+<p>As with the rest of us, Lola Montez had her faults. Full measure of
+them. But she also had her virtues. She was gallant and generous and
+charitable. At the worst, her heart ruled her head; and if she did
+many a foolish thing, she never did a mean one.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>In the final analysis, when the last balance is struck, this will
+surely be placed to her credit.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_267" id="Page_267">[267]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="APPENDIX_I" id="APPENDIX_I"></a>APPENDIX I</h2>
+
+<h3>EXTRACTS FROM "ARTS OF BEAUTY"</h3>
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">By Madame Lola Montez</span>,</h3>
+<h4>COUNTESS OF LANDSFELD</h4>
+<h3><span class="smcap">A Beautiful Face</span></h3>
+<div class="figleft"><img class="img1" src="images/image_25.jpg" alt="I" width="24" height="50" /></div>
+<p>f it be true "that the face is the index of the mind," the recipe for
+a beautiful face must be something that reaches the soul. What can be
+done for a human face that has a sluggish, sullen, arrogant, angry
+mind looking out of every feature? An habitually ill-natured,
+discontented mind ploughs the face with inevitable marks of its own
+vice. However well shaped, or however bright its complexion, no such
+face can ever become really beautiful. If a woman's soul is without
+cultivation, without taste, without refinement, without the sweetness
+of a happy mind, not all the mysteries of art can ever make her face
+beautiful. And, on the other hand, it is impossible to dim the
+brightness of an elegant and polished intellect. The radiance of a
+charming mind strikes through all deformity of features, and still
+asserts its sway over the world of the affections. It has been my
+privilege to see the most celebrated beauties that shine in all the
+gilded courts of fashion throughout the world, from St. James's to St.
+Petersburgh, from Paris to Hindostan, and yet I have found no art
+which can atone for an unpolished mind, and an unlovely heart. That
+chastened and delightful activity of soul, that spiritual energy which
+gives animation, grace, and living light to the animal frame, is,
+after all, the real source of beauty in a woman. It is <i>that</i> which
+gives eloquence to the language of her eyes, which sends the sweetest
+vermilion mantling to the cheek, and lights up the whole <i>personnel</i>
+as if her very body thought. That, ladies, is the ensign of beauty,
+and the herald of charms, which are sure to fill the beholder with
+answering emotion and irrepressible delight.</p>
+
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">Paints and Powders</span></h3>
+<p>If Satan has ever had any direct agency in inducing woman to spoil or
+deform her own beauty, it must have been in tempting her to use
+<i>paints</i> and <i>enamelling</i>. Nothing so effectually writes <i>memento
+mori!</i> on the cheek of beauty as this ridiculous and culpable
+practice. Ladies ought to know that it is a sure spoiler of the skin,
+and good taste ought<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_268" id="Page_268">[268]</a></span> to teach them that it is a frightful distorter
+and deformer of the natural beauty of the "human face divine." The
+greatest charm of beauty is in the <i>expression</i> of a lovely face; in
+those divine flashes of joy, and good-nature, and love, which beam in
+the human countenance. But what expression can there be in a face
+bedaubed with white paint and enamelled? No flush of pleasure, no
+thrill of hope, no light of love can shine through the incrusted
+mould. Her face is as expressionless as that of a painted mummy. And
+let no woman imagine that the men do not readily detect this poisonous
+mask upon the skin. Many a time have I seen a gentleman shrink from
+saluting a brilliant lady, as though it was a death's head he were
+compelled to kiss. The secret was that her face and lips were bedaubed
+with paints.</p>
+
+<p>A violently rouged woman is a disgusting sight. The excessive red on
+the face gives a coarseness to every feature, and a general fierceness
+to the countenance, which transforms the elegant lady of fashion into
+a vulgar harridan. But, in no case, can even <i>rouge</i> be used by ladies
+who have passed the age of life when roses are natural to the cheek. A
+<i>rouged</i> old woman is a horrible sight&mdash;a distortion of nature's
+harmony!</p>
+
+<p>Paints are not only destructive to the skin, but they are ruinous to
+the health. I have known paralytic affections and premature death to
+be traced to their use. But alas! I am afraid that there never was a
+time when many of the gay and fashionable of my sex did not make
+themselves both contemptible and ridiculous by this disgusting trick.</p>
+
+<p>Let every woman at once understand that paint can do nothing for the
+mouth and lips. The advantage gained by the artificial red is a
+thousand times more than lost by the sure destruction of that delicate
+charm associated with the idea of "nature's dewy lip." There can be no
+<i>dew</i> on a painted lip. And there is no man who does not shrink back
+with disgust from the idea of kissing a pair of painted lips. Nor let
+any woman deceive herself with the idea that the men do not instantly
+detect paint on the lips.</p>
+
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">A Beautiful Bosom</span></h3>
+<p>I am aware that this is a subject which must be handled with great
+delicacy; but my book would be incomplete without some notice of this
+"greatest claim of lovely woman." And, besides, it is undoubtedly true
+that a proper discussion of this subject will seem <i>peculiar</i> only to
+the most vulgar minded of both sexes. If it be true, as the old poet
+sung, that</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Heaven rests on those two heaving hills of snow,"<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>why should not a woman be suitably instructed in the right management
+of such extraordinary charms?</p>
+
+<p>The first thing to be impressed upon the mind of a lady is that very
+low-necked dresses are in exceeding bad taste, and are quite sure to
+leave upon the mind of a gentleman an equivocal idea, to say the
+least.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_269" id="Page_269">[269]</a></span> A word to the wise on this subject is sufficient. If a young
+lady has no father, or brother, or husband to direct her taste in this
+matter, she will do well to sit down and commit the above statement to
+memory. It is a charm which a woman, who understands herself, will
+leave not to the public eye of man, but to his imagination. She knows
+that <i>modesty</i> is the divine spell that binds the heart of man to her
+forever. But my observation has taught me that few women are well
+informed as to the physical management of this part of their bodies.
+The bosom, which nature has formed with exquisite symmetry in itself,
+and admirable adaptation to the parts of the figure to which it is
+united, is often transformed into a shape, and transplanted to a place
+which deprives it of its original beauty and harmony with the rest of
+the person. This deforming metamorphosis is effected by means of stiff
+stays, or corsets, which force the part out of its natural position,
+and destroy the natural tension and firmness in which so much of its
+beauty consists. A young lady should be instructed that she is not to
+allow even her own hand to press it too roughly. But, above all
+things, to avoid, especially when young, the constant pressure of such
+hard substances as whalebone and steel; for, besides the destruction
+to beauty, they are liable to produce all the terrible consequences of
+abscesses and cancers. Even the padding which ladies use to give a
+full appearance, where there is a deficient bosom, is sure in a little
+time to entirely destroy all the natural beauty of the parts. As soon
+as it becomes apparent that the bosom lacks the rounded fullness due
+to the rest of her form, instead of trying to repair the deficiency
+with artificial padding, it should be clothed as loosely as possible,
+so as to avoid the least artificial pressure. Not only its growth is
+stopped, but its complexion is spoiled by these tricks. Let the growth
+of this beautiful part be left as unconfined as the young cedar, or as
+the lily of the field.</p>
+
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">Beauty of Deportment</span></h3>
+<p>It is essential that every lady should understand that the most
+beautiful and well-dressed woman will fail to be <i>charming</i> unless all
+her other attractions are set off with a graceful and fascinating
+deportment. A pretty face may be seen everywhere, beautiful and
+gorgeous dresses are common enough, but how seldom do we meet with a
+really beautiful and enchanting demeanour! It was this charm of
+deportment which suggested to the French cardinal the expression of
+"the native paradise of angels." The first thing to be said on the art
+of deportment is that what is becoming at one age would be most
+improper and ridiculous at another. For a young girl, for instance, to
+sit as grave and stiff as "her grandmother cut in alabaster" would be
+ridiculous enough, but not so much so, as for an old woman to assume
+the romping merriment of girlhood. She would deservedly draw only
+contempt and laughter upon herself.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_270" id="Page_270">[270]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Indeed a modest mien always makes a woman charming. Modesty is to
+woman what the mantle of green is to nature&mdash;its ornament and highest
+beauty. What a miracle-working charm there is in a blush&mdash;what
+softness and majesty in natural <i>simplicity</i>, without which pomp is
+contemptible, and elegance itself ungraceful.</p>
+
+<p>There can be no doubt that the highest incitement to love is in
+modesty. So well do wise women of the world know this, that they take
+infinite pains to learn to wear the semblance of it, with the same
+tact, and with the same motive that they array themselves in
+attractive apparel. They have taken a lesson from Sir Joshua Reynolds,
+who says: "men are like certain animals who will feed only when there
+is but little provender, and that got at with difficulty through the
+bars of a rack; but refuse to touch it when there is an abundance
+before them." It is certainly important that all women should
+understand this; and it is no more than fair that they should practise
+upon it, since men always treat them with disingenuous untruthfulness
+in this matter. Men may amuse themselves with a noisy, loud-laughing,
+loquacious girl; it is the quiet, subdued, modest, and seeming bashful
+deportment which is the one that stands the fairest chance of carrying
+off their hearts.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_271" id="Page_271">[271]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="APPENDIX_II" id="APPENDIX_II"></a>APPENDIX II</h2>
+
+<h3>EXTRACTS FROM "LOLA MONTEZ' LECTURES"</h3>
+
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">Beautiful Women</span></h3>
+<div class="figleft"><img class="img1" src="images/image_28.jpg" alt="T" width="55" height="50" /></div>
+<p>he last and most difficult office imposed on Psyche was to descend to
+the lower regions and bring back a portion of Proserpine's beauty in a
+box. The too inquisitive goddess, impelled by curiosity or perhaps by
+a desire to add to her own charms, raised the lid, and behold there
+issued forth&mdash;a vapour I which was all there was of that wondrous
+beauty.</p>
+
+<p>In attempting to give a definition of beauty, I have painfully felt
+the force of this classic parable. If I settle upon a standard of
+beauty in Paris, I find it will not do when I get to Constantinople.
+Personal qualities, the most opposite imaginable, are each looked upon
+as beautiful in different countries, and even by different people of
+the same country. That which is deformity in New York may be beauty in
+Pekin. At one place the sighing lover sees "Helen" in an Egyptian
+brow. In China, black teeth, painted eyelids, and plucked eyebrows are
+beautiful; and should a woman's feet be large enough to walk upon,
+their owners are looked upon as monsters of ugliness.</p>
+
+<p>With the modern Greeks and other nations on the shores of the
+Mediterranean, corpulency is the perfection of form in a woman; the
+very attributes which disgust the western European form the highest
+attractions of an Oriental fair. It was from the common and admired
+shape of his countrywomen that Reubens, in his pictures, delights in a
+vulgar and almost odious plumpness. He seems to have no idea of beauty
+under two hundred pounds. His very Graces are all fat.</p>
+
+<p>Hair is a beautiful ornament of woman, but it has always been a
+disputed point as to what colour it shall be. I believe that most
+people nowadays look upon a red head with disfavour&mdash;but in the times
+of Queen Elizabeth it was in fashion. Mary of Scotland, though she had
+exquisite hair of her own, wore red fronts out of compliment to
+fashion and the red-headed Queen of England.</p>
+
+<p>That famous beauty, Cleopatra, was red-haired also; and the Venetian
+ladies to this day counterfeit yellow hair.</p>
+
+<p>Yellow hair has a higher authority still. <span class="smcap">The Order of the Golden
+Fleece</span>, instituted by Philip, Duke of Burgundy, was in honour of a
+frail beauty whose hair was yellow.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_272" id="Page_272">[272]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>So, ladies and gentlemen, this thing of beauty which I come to talk
+about, has a somewhat migratory and fickle standard of its own. All
+the lovers of the world will have their own idea of the thing in spite
+of me.</p>
+
+<p>But where are we to detect this especial source of power? Often
+forsooth in a dimple, sometimes beneath the shade of an eyelid or
+perhaps among the tresses of a little fantastic curl!</p>
+
+<p>I once knew a nobleman who used to try to make himself wise, and to
+emancipate his heart from its thraldom to a celebrated beauty of the
+court, by continually repeating to himself: "But it is short-lived,"
+"It won't last&mdash;it won't last!"</p>
+
+<p>Ah, me! that is too true&mdash;it won't last. Beauty has its date, and it
+is the penalty of nature that girls must fade and become wizened as
+their grandmothers have done before them.</p>
+
+<p>In teaching a young lady to dress elegantly we must first impress upon
+her mind that symmetry of figure ought ever to be accompanied by
+harmony of dress, and that there is a certain propriety in habiliment,
+adapted to form, complexion, and age. To preserve the health of the
+human form is the first object of consideration, for without that you
+can neither maintain its symmetry nor improve its beauty. But the
+foundation of a just proportion must be laid in infancy. "As the twig
+is bent the tree's inclined." A light dress, which gives freedom to
+the functions of life, is indispensable to an unobstructed growth. If
+the young fibres are uninterrupted by obstacles of art, they will
+shoot harmoniously into the form which nature drew. The garb of
+childhood should in all respects be easy&mdash;not to impede its movements
+by ligatures on the chest, the loins, the legs, or the arms. By this
+liberty we shall see the muscles of the limbs gradually assume the
+fine swell and insertion which only unconstrained exercise can
+produce. The chest will sway gracefully on the firmly poised waist,
+swelling in noble and healthy expanse, and the whole figure will start
+forward at the blooming age of youth, and early ripen to the maturity
+of beauty.</p>
+
+<p>The lovely form of women, thus educated, or rather thus left to its
+natural growth, assumes a variety of charming characters. In one
+youthful figure, we see the lineaments of a wood nymph, a form slight
+and elastic in all its parts. The shape:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Small by degrees, and beautifully less,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From the soft bosom to the slender waist!"<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>A foot as light as that of her whose flying step scarcely brushed the
+"unbending corn," and limbs whose agile grace moved in harmony with
+the curves of her swan-like neck, and the beams of her sparkling eyes.</p>
+
+<p>To repair these ravages, comes the aid of padding to give shape where
+there is none, stays to compress into form the swelling chaos of
+flesh, and paints of all hues to rectify the dingy complexion; but
+useless are these attempts&mdash;for, if dissipation, late hours,
+immoderation, and care<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_273" id="Page_273">[273]</a></span>lessness have wrecked the loveliness of female
+charms, it is not in the power of Esculapius himself to refit the
+shattered bark, or of the Syrens, with all their songs and wiles, to
+save its battered sides from the rocks, and make it ride the sea in
+gallant trim again. The fair lady who cannot so moderate her pursuit
+of pleasure that the feast, the midnight hour, the dance, shall not
+recur too frequently, must relinquish the hope of preserving her
+charms till the time of nature's own decay. After this moderation in
+the indulgence of pleasure, the next specific for the preservation of
+beauty which I shall give, is that of gentle and daily exercise in the
+open air. Nature teaches us, in the gambols and sportiveness of the
+lower animals, that bodily exertion is necessary for the growth,
+vigour, and symmetry of the animal frame; while the too studious
+scholar and the indolent man of luxury exhibit in themselves the
+pernicious consequences of the want of exercise.</p>
+
+<p>Many a rich lady would give thousands of dollars for that full rounded
+arm, and that peach bloom on the cheek, possessed by her kitchen-maid.
+Well, might she not have had both, by the same amount of exercise and
+simple living?</p>
+
+<p>But I weary of this subject of cosmetics, as every woman of sense will
+at last weary of the use of them. It is a lesson which is sure to
+come; but, in the lives of most fashionable ladies, it has small
+chance of being needed until that unmentionable time, when men shall
+cease to make baubles and playthings of them. It takes most women
+two-thirds of their lifetime to discover that men may be amused by,
+without respecting, them; and every woman may make up her mind that to
+be really respected she must possess merit; she must have
+accomplishments of mind and heart, and there can be no real beauty
+without these. If the soul is without cultivation, without refinement,
+without taste, without the sweetness of affection, not all the
+mysteries of art can make the face beautiful; and, on the other hand,
+it is impossible to dim the brightness of an elegant and polished
+mind; its radiance strikes through the encasements of deformity, and
+asserts its sway over the world of the affections.</p>
+
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">Gallantry</span></h3>
+<p>A history of the beginning of the reign of gallantry would carry us
+back to the creation of the world; for I believe that about the first
+thing that man began to do after he was created, was to make love to
+woman.</p>
+
+<p>There was no discussion, then, about "woman's rights," or "woman's
+influence"&mdash;woman had whatever her soul desired, and her will was the
+watchword for battle or peace. Love was as marked a feature in the
+chivalric character as valour; and he who understood how to break a
+lance, and did not understand how to win a lady, was held to be but
+half a man. He fought to gain her smiles&mdash;he lived to be worthy of her
+love.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_274" id="Page_274">[274]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In those days, to be "a servant of the ladies" was no mere figure of
+the imagination&mdash;and to be in love was no idle pastime; but to be
+profoundly, furiously, almost ridiculously in earnest. In the mind of
+the cavalier, woman was a being of mystic power. As in the old forests
+of Germany, she had been listened to like a spirit of the woods,
+melodious, solemn and oracular. So when chivalry became an
+institution, the same idea of something supernaturally beautiful in
+her character threw a shadow over her life, and she was not only loved
+but revered. And never were men more constant to their fair ladies
+than in the proudest days of chivalry.</p>
+
+<p>There is no such thing as genuine gallantry either in France or
+England. In France the relation between the sexes is too fickle,
+variable, and insincere, for any nearer approach to gallantry than
+flirtation; while in England the aristocracy, which is the only class
+in that country that could have the genuine feeling of gallantry, are
+turned shop-owners and tradesmen. The Smiths and the Joneses who
+figure on the signboards have the nobility standing behind them as
+silent partners. The business habits of the United States and the
+examples of rapid fortunes in this country have quite turned the head
+of John Bull, and he is very fast becoming a sharp, thrifty,
+money-getting Yankee. A business and commercial people have no leisure
+for the cultivation of that feeling and romance which is the
+foundation of gallantry. The activities of human nature seek other
+more practical and more useful channels of excitement. Instead of
+devoting a life to the worship and service of the fair ladies, they
+are building telegraphs, railroads, steamboats, constructing schemes
+of finance, and enlarging the area of practical civilization.</p>
+
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">Heroines of History</span></h3>
+<p>In attempting to give a definition of strong-minded women, I find it
+necessary to distinguish between just ideas of strength and what is so
+considered by the modern woman's rights' movement.</p>
+
+<p>A very estimable woman by the name of Mrs. Bloomer obtained the
+reputation of being strong-minded by curtailing her skirts six inches,
+a compliment which certainly excites no envious feeling in my heart;
+for I am philosophically puzzled to know how cutting six inches off a
+woman's dress can possibly add anything to the height of her head.</p>
+
+<p>One or two hundred women getting together in convention and resolving
+that they are an abused community, and that all the men are great
+tyrants and rascals, proves plainly enough that they&mdash;the women&mdash;are
+somehow discontented, and that they have, perhaps, a certain amount of
+courage, but I cannot see that it proves them to have any remarkable
+strength of mind.</p>
+
+<p>Really strong-minded women are not women of words, but of deeds; not
+of resolutions, but of actions. History does not teach me<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_275" id="Page_275">[275]</a></span> that they
+have ever consumed much time in conventions and in passing resolutions
+about their rights; but they have been very prompt to assert their
+rights, and to defend them too, and to take the consequences of
+defeat.</p>
+
+<p>Thus all history is full of startling examples of female heroism,
+which prove that woman's heart is made of as stout a stuff and of as
+brave a mettle as that which beats within the ribs of the coarser sex.
+And if we were permitted to descend from this high plane of public
+history into the private homes of the world, in which sex, think you,
+should we there find the purest spirit of heroism? Who suffers sorrow
+and pain with the most heroism of heart? Who, in the midst of poverty,
+neglect and crushing despair, holds on most bravely through the
+terrible struggle, and never yields even to the fearful demands of
+necessity until death wrests the last weapon of defence from her
+hands? Ah, if all this unwritten heroism of woman could be brought to
+the light, even man himself would cast his proud wreath of fame at her
+feet!</p>
+
+<p>Rousseau asserts that "all great revolutions were owing to women." The
+French Revolution, the last great and stirring event upon which the
+world looks back, arose, as Burke ill-naturedly expresses it, "amidst
+the yells and violence of women." We accept the compliment which Burke
+here pays to the power of woman, and attribute the coarseness of his
+language to the bitter repugnance which every Englishman of that day
+had to everything that was French. No, Mr. Burke, it was not by "yells
+and violence" that the great women of France helped on that mighty
+revolution&mdash;it was by the combined power of intellect and beauty. Nor
+will women who get together in conventions for the purpose of berating
+men, ever accomplish anything. They can effect legislation only by
+quiet and judicious counsel, with such means as control the judgment
+and the heart of legislators. And the experience of the world has
+pretty well proved that a man's judgment is pretty easily controlled
+when his heart is once persuaded.</p>
+
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">Comic Aspect of Love</span></h3>
+<p>My subject to-night is the comic aspect of love. No doubt most of you
+have had some little experience, at least in the sentimental and
+sighing side of the tender passion; and what I propose to do is to
+give you the humorous or comic side. Perhaps I ought to begin by
+begging pardon of the ladies for treating so sacred a thing as love in
+a comic way, or for turning the ludicrous side of so charming a thing
+as they find love to be, to the gaze of men&mdash;but I wish to premise
+that I shall not so treat sensible or rational love. Of that beautiful
+feeling, less warm than passion, yet more tender than friendship, I
+shall not for a moment speak irreverently; of that pure disinterested
+affection&mdash;as charming as it is reasonable, which one sex feels for
+the other, I cannot speak lightly. But there is a certain romantic
+senseless kind of love, such as<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_276" id="Page_276">[276]</a></span> poets sometimes celebrate, and men
+and women feign, which is a legitimate target for ridicule. This kind
+of love is fanciful and foolish; it is not the offspring of the heart,
+but of the imagination. I know that generous deeds and contempt of
+death have sometimes covered this folly with a veil. The arts have
+twined for it a fantastic wreath, and the Muses have decked it with
+the sweetest flowers: but this makes it none the less ridiculous nor
+dangerous. Love of this romantic sort is an abstraction much too light
+and subtle to sustain a tangible existence in the midst of the
+jostling relations of this busy world. It is a mere bubble thrown to
+the surface by the passions and fancies of men, and soon breaks by
+contact with the hard facts of daily life. It is a thing which bears
+but little handling. The German Wieland, who was a great disciple of
+love, was of opinion that "its metaphysical effects began with the
+first sigh, and ended with the first kiss!" Plato was not far out of
+the way when he called it "a great devil"; and the man or woman who is
+really possessed of it will find it a very hard one to cast out.</p>
+
+<p>Of the refinements of love the great mass of men can know nothing. The
+truth is that sentimental love is so much a matter of the imagination
+that the uncultivated have no natural field for its display. In
+America you can hardly realise the full force of this truth, because
+the distinctions of class are happily nearly obliterated. Here
+intellectual culture seems to be about equally divided among all
+classes. I suppose it is not singular in this country to find the
+poorest cobbler, whose little shanty is next to the proud mansion of
+some millionaire, a man of really more mental attainments than his
+rich and haughty neighbour; in which case the millionaire will do well
+to look to it that the cobbler does not make love to his wife; and if
+he does, nobody need care much, for the millionaire will be quite sure
+to reciprocate.</p>
+
+<p>The great statute, "tit-for-tat," is, I believe, equally the law of
+all nations; besides, love is a great leveller of distinction, and it
+is in this levelling mission that it performs some of its most
+ridiculous antics. When a rich man's daughter runs off with her
+father's coachman, as occasionally happens, the whole country is in a
+roar of laughter about it. There is an innate, popular perception of
+the ridiculous, but everybody sees and feels that in such cases it is
+misplaced and grotesque. Everyone perceives that the woman's heart has
+taken the bit in its mouth, and run away with her brains. But, as
+comedy is often nearly allied to tragedy, so sorrow is sure to come as
+soon as the little honeymoon is over. This romantic love cannot
+flourish in the soil of poverty and want. Indeed, all the stimulants
+which pride and luxury can administer to it can hardly keep it alive.
+The rich miss who runs away with a man far beneath her in education
+and refinement must inevitably awake, after a brief dream, to a state
+of things which have made her unfortunate for life; and he, poor man,
+will not be less wretched, unless she has brought him sufficient money
+to give him leisure and oppor<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_277" id="Page_277">[277]</a></span>tunity to indulge his fancies with that
+society which is on a level with his own tastes and education.</p>
+
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">Wits and Women of Paris</span></h3>
+<p>The French wits tell a laughable story of an untravelled Englishman
+who, on landing at Calais, was received by a sulky red-haired hostess,
+when he instantly wrote down in his note-book: "All French women are
+sulky and red-haired."</p>
+
+<p>We never heard whether this Englishman afterwards corrected his first
+impressions of French women, but quite likely he never did, for there
+is nothing so difficult on earth as for an Englishman to get over
+first impressions, and especially is this the case in relation to
+everything in France. An aristocratic Englishman may live years in
+Paris without really knowing anything about it. In the first place, he
+goes there with letters of introduction to the Faubourg St. Germain,
+where he finds only the fossil remains of the old <i>noblesse</i>,
+intermixed with a slight proportion of the actual intelligence of the
+country, and here he moves round in the stagnant circles of historical
+France, and it is a wonder if he gets so much as a glimpse of the
+living progressive Paris. There is nothing on earth, unless it be a
+three-thousand-year-old mummy, that is so grim and stiff and
+shrivelled, as the pure old French nobility. France is at present the
+possessor of three separate and opposing nobilities. First, there is
+the nobility of the Empire, the Napoleonic nobility, which is based on
+military and civil genius; second, there is the Orleans nobility, the
+family of the late Louis-Philippe, represented in the person of the
+young Comte de Paris; third, the Legitimists, or the old aristocracy
+of the Bourbon stock, represented in the person of Henry V, Duc de
+Bordeaux, now some fifty years old, and laid snugly away in exile in
+Italy.</p>
+
+<p>No description which I can give can convey a just idea of the
+fascination of society among such wits as Dejazet; and nowhere do you
+find that kind of society so complete as in Paris. Nowhere else do you
+find so many women of wit and genius mingling in the assemblies and
+festive occasions of literary men; and I may add that in no part of
+the world is literary society so refined, so brilliant, and charmingly
+intellectual as in Paris. It is a great contrast to literary society
+in London or America. Listen to the following confession of Lord
+Byron: "I have left an assembly filled with all the great names of
+<i>haut-ton</i> in London, and where little but names were to be found, to
+seek relief from the <i>ennui</i> that overpowered me, in a cider cellar!
+and have found there more food for speculation than in the vapid
+circles of glittering dullness I had left."</p>
+
+<p>One of the most remarkable and the most noted persons to be met with
+in Paris is Madame Dudevant, commonly known as Georges Sand. She is
+now about fifty years of age (it is no crime to speak of the age of a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_278" id="Page_278">[278]</a></span>
+woman of her genius), a large, masculine, coarse-featured woman, but
+with fine eyes, and open, easy, frank, and hearty in her manner to
+friends. To a discerning mind her writings will convey a correct idea
+of the woman. You meet her everywhere dressed in men's clothes&mdash;a
+custom which she adopts from no mere caprice or waywardness of
+character, but for the reason that in this garb she is enabled to go
+where she pleases without exciting curiosity, and seeing and hearing
+what is most useful and essential for her in writing her books. She is
+undoubtedly the most masculine mind of France at the present day.
+Through the folly of her relations she was early married to a fool,
+but she soon left him in disgust, and afterwards formed a friendship
+with Jules Sandeau, a novelist and clever critic. It was he who
+discovered her genius, and first caused her to write. It was the name
+of this author, Jules Sandeau, that she altered into Georges Sand&mdash;a
+name which she has made immortal.</p>
+
+<p>Georges Sand in company is silent, and except when the conversation
+touches a sympathetic chord in her nature, little given to
+demonstration. Then she will talk earnestly on great matters,
+generally on philosophy or theology, but in vain will you seek to draw
+her into conversation on the little matters of ordinary chit-chat. She
+lives in a small circle of friends, where she can say and do as she
+pleases. Her son is a poor, weak-brained creature, perpetually
+annoying the whole neighbourhood by beating on a huge drum night and
+day. She has a daughter married to Chlessindur, the celebrated
+sculptor, but who resembles but little her talented mother. Madame
+Georges Sand has had a life of wild storms, with few rays of sunshine
+to brighten her pathway; and like most of the reformers of the present
+day, especially if it is her misfortune to be a woman, is a target to
+be placed in a conspicuous position, to be shot at by all dark,
+unenlightened human beings who may have peculiar motives for
+restraining the progress of mind; but it is as absurd in this glorious
+nineteenth century to attempt to destroy freedom of thought and the
+sovereignty of the individual, as it is to stop the falls of Niagara.</p>
+
+<p>There was a gifted and fashionable lady (the Countess of Agoult),
+herself an accomplished authoress, concerning whom and Georges Sand a
+curious story is told. They were great friends, and the celebrated
+pianist Liszt was the admirer of both. Things went on smoothly for
+some time, all <i>couleur de rose</i>, when one fine day Lizst and Georges
+Sand disappeared suddenly from Paris, having taken it into their heads
+to make the tour of Switzerland for the summer together. Great was the
+indignation of the fair countess at this double desertion; and when
+they returned to Paris, Madame d'Agoult went to Georges Sand, and
+immediately challenged the great writer to a duel, the weapons to be
+finger-nails, etc. Poor Lizst ran out of the room, and locked himself
+up in a dark closet till the deadly affray was ended, and then made
+his body over in charge to a friend, to be preserved, as he said, for
+the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_279" id="Page_279">[279]</a></span> remaining assailant. Madame d'Agoult was married to an old man, a
+book-worm, who cared for nought else but his library; he did not know
+even the number of children he possessed, and so little the old
+philosopher cared about the matter that when a stranger came to the
+house, he invariably, at the appearance of the family, said: "Allow me
+to present to you my wife's children"; all this with the blandest
+smile and most contented air.</p>
+
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">Romanism</span></h3>
+<p>I know not that history has anything more wonderful to show than the
+part which the Catholic Church has borne in the various civilizations
+of the world.</p>
+
+<p>What a marvellous structure it is, with its hierarchy ranging through
+long centuries almost from apostolic days to our own; living side by
+side with forms of civilisation and uncivilisation, the most diverse
+and the most contradictory, through all the fifteen hundred years and
+more of its existence; asserting an effective control over opinions
+and institutions; with its pontificate (as is claimed) dating from the
+fisherman of Galilee, and still reigning there in the city that heard
+Saint Peter preach, and whom it saw martyred; impiously pretending to
+sit in his chair and to bear his keys; shaken, exiled, broken again
+and again by schism, by Lutheran revolts and French revolutions; yet
+always righting itself and reasserting a vitality that neither force
+nor opinion has yet been able to extinguish. Once with its foot on the
+neck of kings, and having the fate of empires in its hands, and even
+yet superintending the grandest ecclesiastical mechanism that man ever
+saw; ordering fast days and feast days, and regulating with omnipotent
+fiat the very diet of millions of people; having countless bands of
+religious soldiery trained, organized, and officered as such a
+soldiery never was before nor since; and backed by an infallibility
+that defies reason, an inquisition to bend or break the will, and a
+confessional to unlock all hearts and master the profoundest secrets
+of all consciences. Such has been the mighty Church of Rome, and there
+it is still, cast down, to be sure, from what it once was, but not yet
+destroyed; perplexed by the variousness and freedom of an intellectual
+civilisation, which it hates and vainly tries to crush; laboriously
+trying to adapt itself to the Europe of the nineteenth century, as it
+once did to the Europe of the twelfth; lengthening its cords and
+strengthening its stakes, enlarging the place of its tent, and
+stretching forth the curtains of its habitations, even to this
+Republic of the New World.</p>
+
+<p>The only wonder is that such a church should be able to push its
+fortunes so far into the centre of modern civilization, with which it
+can feel no sympathy, and which it only embraces to destroy. I confess
+I find it difficult to believe that a total lie could administer
+comfort and aid to so many millions of souls; and the explanation is,
+no doubt, that it is all not a total lie; for even its worse doctrines
+are founded on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_280" id="Page_280">[280]</a></span> certain great truths which are accepted by the common
+heart of humanity.</p>
+
+<p>There is such a thing as universal truth, and there is such a thing as
+apostolic succession, made not by edicts, bulls, and church canons,
+but by an interior life divine and true. But all these Rome has
+perverted, by hardening the diffusive spirit of truth into so much
+mechanism cast into a mould in which it has been forcibly kept; and by
+getting progressively falser and falser as the world has got older and
+wiser, till the universality became only another name for a narrow and
+intolerant sectism, while the infallibility committed itself to
+absurdity, and which reason turns giddy, and faith has no resource but
+to shut her eyes; and the apostolic succession became narrowed down
+into a mere dynasty of priests and pontiffs. A hierarchy of magicians,
+saving souls by machinery, opening and shutting the kingdom of heaven
+by a "sesame" of incantations which it would have been the labour of a
+lifetime to make so much as intelligible to St. Peter or St. Paul.</p>
+
+<p>Now who shall compute the stupefying and brutalising effects of such a
+religion? Who will dare say that a principle which so debases reason
+is not like bands of iron around the expanding heart and struggling
+limbs of modern freedom?</p>
+
+<p>Who will dare tell me that this terrible Church does not lie upon the
+bosom of the present time like a vast unwieldy and offensive corpse,
+crushing the life-blood out of the body of modern civilization? It is
+not as a religious creed that we are looking at this thing; it is not
+for its theological sins that we are here to condemn it; but it is its
+effect upon political and social freedom that we are discussing. What
+must be the ultimate political and social freedom that we are
+discussing? What must be the ultimate political night that settles
+upon a people who are without individuality of opinions and
+independence of will, and whose brains are made tools of in the hands
+of a clan or an order? Look out there into that sad Europe, and see it
+all! See, there, how the Catholic element everywhere marks itself with
+night, and drags the soul, and energies, and freedom of the people
+backwards and downwards into political and social inaction&mdash;into
+unfathomable quagmires of death!</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_281" id="Page_281">[281]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="INDEX" id="INDEX"></a>INDEX</h2>
+
+
+<div class="index">
+
+<ul class="IX">
+
+<li>Abel, Carl von, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>,<a href="#Page_120">120</a>,<a href="#Page_126">126</a>,<a href="#Page_129">129</a>,<a href="#Page_143">143</a>,<a href="#Page_149">149</a></li>
+
+<li>Abrahamowicz, Colonel, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a></li>
+
+<li>Acad&eacute;mie, Royale, <a href="#Page_65">65-67</a></li>
+
+<li>Acton, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li>
+
+<li>Adelaide, Queen Dowager, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li>
+
+<li>Adelaide, Australia, <a href="#Page_223">223</a></li>
+
+<li>Adelbert, Prince, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Adventuresses and Adventurous Ladies</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li>
+
+<li>"Affair of Honour," <a href="#Page_80">80-81</a></li>
+
+<li>Afghan Campaign, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
+
+<li>Agra, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li>
+
+<li>Albany Museum, <a href="#Page_193">193</a></li>
+
+<li>Albert, Madame, <a href="#Page_76">76</a></li>
+
+<li>Alexander I, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li>
+
+<li>Alexandra, Princess, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li>
+
+<li>Alemannia Corps, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a></li>
+
+<li>Alhambra Theatre, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Allegemeine Zeitung</i>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Almanach de Gotha</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li>
+
+<li>"Andalusian Woman," <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li>
+
+<li>Anderson, Professor, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a></li>
+
+<li>Andrews, Stephen, <a href="#Page_253">253</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Annual Register</i>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a></li>
+
+<li>Anstruther, Sir John, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Antony and Cleopatra</i>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Archives de la Danse</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
+
+<li>Aretz, Gertrude, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_113">113</a></li>
+
+<li>Argonaut Publishing Company, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
+
+<li>"Army of the Indus," <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Arts of Beauty</i>, <a href="#Page_234">234-239</a>, <a href="#Page_267">267</a></li>
+
+<li>Aschaffensberg, <a href="#Page_132">132</a></li>
+
+<li>Assaye, Battle of, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Assembl&eacute;e Nationale</i>, <a href="#Page_179">179</a></li>
+
+<li>Astley's Theatre, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Athen&aelig;um</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a></li>
+
+<li>Athens, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li>
+
+<li>Auckland House, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li>
+
+<li>Auckland, Lord, <a href="#Page_30">30-32</a></li>
+
+<li>Augsburg, Bishop of, <a href="#Page_119">119</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Augsburger Zeitung</i>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a></li>
+
+<li>Australia, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a></li>
+
+<li>Austrian Legation, <a href="#Page_141">141</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Autobiography of Lola Montez</i>, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li>
+
+<li>Azan, Dr., <a href="#Page_241">241</a></li>
+</ul>
+<ul class="IX">
+
+<li>Bac, Ferdinand, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li>
+
+<li>Baden, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li>
+
+<li>Baker, Mrs. Charles, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li>
+
+<li>Balaclava, <a href="#Page_213">213</a></li>
+
+<li>Ballantine, Serjeant, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a></li>
+
+<li>Ballarat, Lola Montez in, <a href="#Page_221">221-227</a></li>
+
+<li>"Ballarat Reform League," <a href="#Page_222">222</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Ballarat Star</i>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Ballarat Times</i>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li>
+
+<li>Balzac, Honor&eacute; de, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li>
+
+<li>Bamberg, <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li>
+
+<li>Barcelona, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_179">179</a></li>
+
+<li>Bareilly, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li>
+
+<li>Barerstrasse, Lola's house in, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a></li>
+
+<li>Barlow, Lucy, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li>
+
+<li>Barnum, Phineas, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li>
+
+<li>Bath, Lecture at, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li>
+
+<li>Bath in the 'Thirties, <a href="#Page_19">19-21</a></li>
+
+<li>Bauer, Captain, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li>
+
+<li>Bavaria, Kingdom of, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li>
+
+<li>Bayersdorf Palace, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li>
+
+<li>Bayonne, <a href="#Page_228">228</a></li>
+
+<li>Beaconsfield, Earl of, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li>
+
+<li>Beauchene, Atala, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li>
+
+<li>Beaujon Villa, <a href="#Page_184">184</a></li>
+
+<li>"Beautiful for Ever!", <a href="#Page_248">248</a></li>
+
+<li>"Beautiful Women," Lecture on, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>, <a href="#Page_244">244-248</a>, <a href="#Page_271">271-273</a></li>
+
+<li>Beauvallon, Rosemond de, <a href="#Page_75">75-90</a></li>
+
+<li>Beauvoir, Roger de, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="#Page_249">249</a></li>
+
+<li>Bedford, Earl of, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li>
+
+<li>Beethoven Festival, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li>
+
+<li>Belgium, Lola Montez in, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li>
+
+<li>Bendigo, Theatre at, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li>
+
+<li>Beneden, Johann, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li>
+
+<li>Bengal Artillery, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li>
+
+<li>Bengal Native Infantry, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li>
+
+<li>Benkendorff, Count, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li>
+
+<li>Berkeley, Colonel, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li>
+
+<li>Berks, Herr, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a></li>
+
+<li>Berlin, Lola Montez at, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li>
+
+<li>Berlin, Royalty at, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li>
+
+<li>Berne, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li>
+
+<li>Bernhard, Gustav, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li>
+
+<li>Bernstorff, Count, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li>
+
+<li>Bernstorff, Countess, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li>
+
+<li>Berri, Duchesse de, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li>
+
+<li>Bertrand, Arthur, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li>
+
+<li>Berryer, Ma&icirc;tre, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li>
+
+<li>Berrymead Priory, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a></li>
+
+<li>Best, Captain, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li>
+
+<li>"Betsy Watson," <a href="#Page_123">123</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li>
+
+<li>"Betsy James," <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li>
+
+<li>Bhurtpore, Battle of, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li>
+
+<li>Biblioth&egrave;que d'Arsenal, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
+
+<li>Bingham, Peregrine, <a href="#Page_172">172-175</a></li>
+
+<li>Bishop of London, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li>
+
+<li>Bismarck, Prince, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Black Book of British Aristocracy</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li>
+
+<li>Black Forest, <a href="#Page_263">263</a></li>
+
+<li>Blake, Rufus, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li>
+
+<li>Blanchard, Edward, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li>
+
+<li>Blessington, Countess of, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li>
+
+<li>Bloomer, Mrs., <a href="#Page_191">191</a>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a></li>
+
+<li>Bloque, M., <a href="#Page_133">133</a></li>
+
+<li>Blot-Lequesne, M., <a href="#Page_186">186</a></li>
+
+<li>Blum, Hans, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_282" id="Page_282">[282]</a></span></li>
+
+<li>Bluthenberg, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li>
+
+<li>Bodkin, William, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>, <a href="#Page_175">175</a></li>
+
+<li>Boignes, Charles de, <a href="#Page_77">77-79</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li>
+
+<li>Bois de Boulogne, <a href="#Page_80">80</a></li>
+
+<li>Bonaparte, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a></li>
+
+<li>Bonn, <a href="#Page_63">63-82</a></li>
+
+<li>Bonny, King of, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li>
+
+<li>Booth, Edwin, <a href="#Page_200">200</a></li>
+
+<li>Bordeaux, <a href="#Page_185">185</a></li>
+
+<li>Borrodaile, Mrs., <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li>
+
+<li>Boston, Lola Montez in, <a href="#Page_193">193</a></li>
+
+<li>Boston Public Library, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Boston Transcript</i>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a></li>
+
+<li>Bright, John, <a href="#Page_241">241</a></li>
+
+<li>Brighton, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li>
+
+<li>Bristol, Lecture at, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li>
+
+<li>"British Raj," <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li>
+
+<li>Brooks, Preston, <a href="#Page_205">205</a></li>
+
+<li>Brougham, Lady, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li>
+
+<li>Brougham, Lord, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li>
+
+<li>Brown, Mrs. General, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li>
+
+<li>Browning, Robert, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a></li>
+
+<li>Bruce, General, <a href="#Page_251">251</a></li>
+
+<li>Bruckenau Castle, <a href="#Page_108">108</a></li>
+
+<li>Brussels, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li>
+
+<li>Buchanan, Mrs., <a href="#Page_258">258</a>, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a></li>
+
+<li>Buckingham Palace, <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li>
+
+<li>Buffalo, <a href="#Page_194">194</a></li>
+
+<li>B&uuml;low, Prince von, <a href="#Page_122">122</a></li>
+
+<li>Bulwer, Edward, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li>
+
+<li>Burns, Robert, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li>
+
+<li>Burr, Rev. Chauncey, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a></li>
+
+<li>Byron, Lord, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li>
+</ul><ul class="IX">
+
+<li>Caf&eacute; Anglais, <a href="#Page_139">139</a></li>
+
+<li>Calcutta, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a></li>
+
+<li>Calcutta, Bishop of, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Calcutta Englishman</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li>
+
+<li>Calcutta, Government House, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li>
+
+<li>California in the 'Fifties, <a href="#Page_192">192-210</a></li>
+
+<li><i>California Chronicle</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Californian</i>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a></li>
+
+<li>Californian Pioneers, Library of, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
+
+<li>Californian State Library, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
+
+<li>Calvinism, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a></li>
+
+<li>Cambridge, Duke of, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li>
+
+<li>Canitz, Freiherr zu, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a></li>
+
+<li>Cannibal Islands, King of, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li>
+
+<li>Canning, Sir Stratford, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a></li>
+
+<li>Cape of Good Hope, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li>
+
+<li>Capon, Victorine, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li>
+
+<li>Cardigan, Earl of, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li>
+
+<li>Carl, Prince, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li>
+
+<li>Carlos, Don, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li>
+
+<li>Carlsbad, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li>
+
+<li>Caroline-Augusta, Queen, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li>
+
+<li>Cassagnac, Granier de, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li>
+
+<li>Castle Oliver, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li>
+
+<li>Castlereagh, Lord, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li>
+
+<li>Catalini, Angelica, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li>
+
+<li>Cavendish, Frederick, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li>
+
+<li>Cayley, Edward, <a href="#Page_151">151</a></li>
+
+<li>Cerito, Mlle, <a href="#Page_65">65-66</a></li>
+
+<li>Champs Elys&eacute;es, <a href="#Page_182">182</a></li>
+
+<li>Chanoines de St. Th&eacute;r&egrave;se, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a></li>
+
+<li>Charles X, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li>
+
+<li>Chartist Riots, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li>
+
+<li>Chase, Lewis, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
+
+<li>Chatham, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li>
+
+<li>Chester Cathedral, Visit to, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li>
+
+<li>Chevalier, &Eacute;mile, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li>
+
+<li>Cholera at Dinapore, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li>
+
+<li>Chudleigh, Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li>
+
+<li>Churchill, Arabella, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li>
+
+<li>Claggett, Horace, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li>
+
+<li>Clarence, Duke of, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li>
+
+<li>Clark, Mary Anne, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li>
+
+<li>Clarkson, William, <a href="#Page_172">172-176</a></li>
+
+<li>Claudin, Gustave, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a></li>
+
+<li>Clayton, Henry, <a href="#Page_199">199</a></li>
+
+<li>Clutton, Colonel, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li>
+
+<li>Coates, "Romeo," <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li>
+
+<li>Cole, Henry, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Cologne Gazette</i>, <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li>
+
+<li>Combermere, Lord, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li>
+
+<li>Com&eacute;die Fran&ccedil;aise, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li>
+
+<li>"Comic Aspects of Love," Lecture on, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>, <a href="#Page_275">275-277</a></li>
+
+<li>Conciergerie Prison, <a href="#Page_90">90</a></li>
+
+<li>Congress of London, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li>
+
+<li>Consistory Court, Action in, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a></li>
+
+<li>Constantinople, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a></li>
+
+<li>"Corinthians," <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a></li>
+
+<li>Corneille, Pierre, <a href="#Page_86">86</a></li>
+
+<li>Costa, Michael, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li>
+
+<li>Cotta, Baron, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li>
+
+<li>Coules, M., <a href="#Page_53">53</a></li>
+
+<li>"Countess for an Hour," <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li>
+
+<li>Covent Garden Hotel, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li>
+
+<li>Covent Garden Opera House, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li>
+
+<li>Cowell, Sam, <a href="#Page_252">252</a></li>
+
+<li>Coyne, Stirling, <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li>
+
+<li>Craigie, David, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li>
+
+<li>Craigie, Misses, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li>
+
+<li>Craigie, Mrs., marries Ensign Gilbert, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>;
+<ul class="IX">
+<li>  early widowhood, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>;</li>
+<li>  marries Patrick Craigie, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>;</li>
+<li>  returns to England, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>;</li>
+<li>  collapse of ambitious schemes, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>;</li>
+<li>  quarrels with Lola, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>;</li>
+<li>  partial reconciliation, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>;</li>
+<li>  visit to New York, <a href="#Page_258">258</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Craigie, Patrick, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a></li>
+
+<li>Cremorne Gardens, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li>
+
+<li>"Crim. con" action, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
+
+<li>Crimean Campaign, <a href="#Page_213">213</a></li>
+
+<li>Crosby, Henry, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li>
+
+<li>Crosby, Mrs., <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li>
+
+<li>Cumberland, Duke of, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li>
+
+<li>Cuyla, Madame de, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li>
+</ul><ul class="IX">
+
+<li>Dacca, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li>
+
+<li>D'Agoult, Madame, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>, <a href="#Page_278">278</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Daily Alta</i>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a></li>
+
+<li>Daly, Joseph, <a href="#Page_194">194</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Dancing Times</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li>
+
+<li>"Daniel Stern," <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li>
+
+<li>Daughrity, Professor, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
+
+<li>D'Auvergne, Edmund, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li>
+
+<li>Davenport Brothers, <a href="#Page_252">252</a></li>
+
+<li>Dawson, Nancy, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li>
+
+<li>"Day of Humiliation," <a href="#Page_119">119</a></li>
+
+<li>DeBar, Anna, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li>
+
+<li>D'Ecquevillez, Vicomte, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83-85</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a></li>
+
+<li>Delta State Teachers' College, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
+
+<li>Denman, Lord, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
+
+<li>Derby, Countess of, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li>
+
+<li>Deschler, Johann, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li>
+
+<li>Desmaret, Ma&icirc;tre, <a href="#Page_186">186</a></li>
+
+<li>"Desperado in Dimity," <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Deutsche Zeitung</i>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li>
+
+<li>Devereux, Alice, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li>
+
+<li>Devismes, M., <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li>
+
+<li>Devonshire, Duke of, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Die Deutsche Revolution</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li>
+
+<li>Diepenbrock, Archbishop, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_283" id="Page_283">[283]</a></span></li>
+
+<li>Dinapore, Cholera at, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li>
+
+<li>Disraeli, Benjamin, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li>
+
+<li>Disraeli, Sarah, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li>
+
+<li>D&ouml;llinger, Dr., <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>, <a href="#Page_263">263</a></li>
+
+<li>Dost Muhammed, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li>
+
+<li>"Down Under," <a href="#Page_211">211-227</a></li>
+
+<li>Dresden, <a href="#Page_62">62-63</a></li>
+
+<li>Drury Lane Theatre, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li>
+
+<li>Dublin, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>, <a href="#Page_241">241</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Dublin Daily Express</i>, <a href="#Page_241">241</a></li>
+
+<li>Dujarier, Charles, lover of Lola Montez, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>;
+<ul class="IX">
+<li>  restaurant brawl, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>;</li>
+<li>  fatal duel with de Beauvallon, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>;</li>
+<li>  burial at Montmartre, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Dumas, Alexandra, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a>, <a href="#Page_249">249</a></li>
+
+<li>Dumas <i>fils</i>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a></li>
+
+<li>Dumil&acirc;tre, Ad&egrave;le, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></li>
+
+<li>Durand, Colonel, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li>
+
+<li>Duval, M., <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li>
+
+</ul><ul class="IX">
+<li>East India Company, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li>
+
+<li><i>East India Voyage</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li>
+
+<li>Ebersdorf, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li>
+
+<li>Ecclesiastical Court, proceedings of, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li>
+
+<li>Eden, Hon. Emily, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li>
+
+<li><i>El Oleano</i>, <a href="#Page_51">51-53</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Elegant Woman</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_113">113</a></li>
+
+<li>Elephant and Castle Theatre, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li>
+
+<li>Ellenborough, Lady, <a href="#Page_106">106</a></li>
+
+<li>Ellenborough, Lord, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li>
+
+<li>"Elopement in High Life," <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li>
+
+<li>Elphinstone, Lord, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li>
+
+<li>Elssler, Fanny, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li>
+
+<li>Elysium Hill, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li>
+
+<li>Englischer Garten, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li>
+
+<li>Enriques, Don, <a href="#Page_181">181</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Era</i>, Criticism in, <a href="#Page_247">247</a>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a></li>
+
+<li>Erdmann, Dr. Paul, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li>
+
+<li>Erskine, Lady Jane, <a href="#Page_106">106</a></li>
+
+<li>Estafette, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Examiner</i>, Comment in, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a></li>
+
+<li>"Eton Boy," <a href="#Page_221">221</a>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li>
+
+<li>Eug&eacute;nie, Empress, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li>
+
+<li>Ezterhazy, Count, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li>
+</ul><ul class="IX">
+
+<li>"Fair Impure," <a href="#Page_93">93</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li>
+
+<li>Falk, Bernard, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li>
+
+<li>Fane, Sir Henry, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
+
+<li>Fay, Amy, <a href="#Page_183">183</a></li>
+
+<li>Feldberg, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li>
+
+<li>Fenton, Frank, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
+
+<li>Fiddes, Josephine, <a href="#Page_211">211</a></li>
+
+<li>Field, Kate, Letter from, <a href="#Page_194">194</a></li>
+
+<li>Fitzball, Edward, Benefit Performance, <a href="#Page_59">59-60</a></li>
+
+<li>"Flare of the Footlights," <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li>
+
+<li>Flaubert, Gustave, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li>
+
+<li>Flers, Comte de, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li>
+
+<li>Folkestone, <a href="#Page_180">180</a></li>
+
+<li>Follard, Charles, <a href="#Page_217">217</a></li>
+
+<li>Follett, Sir William, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
+
+<li>"Follies of a Night," <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li>
+
+<li>Fontblanque, Albany, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li>
+
+<li>Foote, Maria, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li>
+
+<li>"Fops' Alley," <a href="#Page_52">52</a></li>
+
+<li>Foreign Office, <a href="#Page_151">151</a></li>
+
+<li>Forster, John, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li>
+
+<li>Fort William, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li>
+
+<li>Forty-Fourth Foot, Regiment, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li>
+
+<li>Fox Sisters, <a href="#Page_252">252</a></li>
+
+<li>Frankfort, Rothschilds' Bank at, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li>
+
+<li>Frays, Herr, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li>
+
+<li>Frederick William III, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a></li>
+
+<li>Frederick William IV, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li>
+
+<li>Frenzal, Fr&auml;ulein, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li>
+
+<li>Fr&egrave;res-Proven&ccedil;aux Restaurant, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li>
+
+<li>Fuchs, Eduard, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li>
+
+<li>Fulda Forest, <a href="#Page_108">108</a></li>
+
+</ul><ul class="IX">
+<li>"Gallantry," Lecture on, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a></li>
+
+<li>"Gallery of Beauties," <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li>
+
+<li>Garsia, Manuel, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li>
+
+<li>Gautier, Mlle, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li>
+
+<li>Gautier, Th&eacute;ophile, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Gay and Gallant Ladies</i>, <a href="#Page_263">263</a></li>
+
+<li>Geelong, <a href="#Page_221">221</a></li>
+
+<li>Geneva, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a></li>
+
+<li>George IV, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>,<a href="#Page_156">156</a></li>
+
+<li>Georges, Mlle, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li>
+
+<li>Gilbert, Ensign, runaway marriage, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>;
+<ul class="IX">
+<li>  service in India, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>;</li>
+<li>  death from cholera, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Gilbert, Mrs., <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li>
+
+<li>Gillingham, Harold, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
+
+<li>Gillis, Mabel, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li>
+
+<li>Girardin, &Eacute;mile de, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li>
+
+<li>Giuglini, Antonio, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Globe</i>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a></li>
+
+<li>Glyptothek Gallery, <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li>
+
+<li>"Golden West," <a href="#Page_196">196</a></li>
+
+<li>Goodrich, Peter, <a href="#Page_187">187</a></li>
+
+<li>G&ouml;rres, Joseph, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li>
+
+<li>Gougaud, Dom, <a href="#Page_144">144</a></li>
+
+<li>Granada, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li>
+
+<li>Granby, Marchioness of, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li>
+
+<li>Granby, Marquess of, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li>
+
+<li>"Grand Sebastopol Matin&eacute;e," <a href="#Page_213">213</a></li>
+
+<li>Granville, Earl, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li>
+
+<li>Grass Valley, Life in, <a href="#Page_201">201-210</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Grass Valley Telegraph</i>, <a href="#Page_210">210</a></li>
+
+<li>Graves <i>v.</i> Graves, Divorce action, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li>
+
+<li>Gray, Police-sergeant, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li>
+
+<li>Great Exhibition of 1851, <a href="#Page_179">179</a></li>
+
+<li>Green, Miss, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li>
+
+<li>Green-Wood cemetery, <a href="#Page_260">260</a></li>
+
+<li>Grisi, Carlotta, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li>
+
+<li>Guadaloupe, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a></li>
+
+<li>"Guermann Regnier," <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li>
+
+<li>Gu&eacute;ronniere, de la, M., <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li>
+
+<li>Guillen, Manuel, <a href="#Page_204">204</a></li>
+
+<li>Guise, Dr. de, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li>
+
+<li>Guizot, M., <a href="#Page_71">71</a></li>
+
+<li>Gumpenberg, Colonel von, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li>
+
+</ul><ul class="IX">
+<li>Hagen, Charlotte, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li>
+
+<li>Hal&eacute;vy, Jacques, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></li>
+
+<li>Half Moon Street, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li>
+
+<li>Hall, Mrs. Lillian, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li>
+
+<li>Hamon and Company, <a href="#Page_133">133</a></li>
+
+<li>Hanover, King of, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li>
+
+<li>"Hans Breitmann," <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li>
+
+<li>Hardwick, William, <a href="#Page_175">175</a></li>
+
+<li>Harr&eacute;, T. Everett, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li>
+
+<li>Harrington, Countess of, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li>
+
+<li>Harte, Bret, <a href="#Page_203">203</a></li>
+
+<li>Harvard Theatre Collection, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
+
+<li>Harvard University, <a href="#Page_253">253</a></li>
+
+<li>Hastings, Lord, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li>
+
+<li>Hastings, Warren, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li>
+
+<li>Haussmann, Baron, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li>
+
+<li>Hawks, Rev. Francis, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_284" id="Page_284">[284]</a></span></li>
+
+<li>Hayden, Mrs., <a href="#Page_252">252</a></li>
+
+<li>Hayes, Catherine, <a href="#Page_212">212</a></li>
+
+<li>Haymarket Theatre, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li>
+
+<li>Hayward, Abraham, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li>
+
+<li>Heald, George, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li>
+
+<li>Heald, George Trafford, Cornet of Horse, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>;
+<ul class="IX">
+<li>  bigamous marriage with Lola Montez, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>;</li>
+<li>  deprived of commission, <a href="#Page_170">170</a>;</li>
+<li>  family interference, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>;</li>
+<li>  police-court proceedings, <a href="#Page_172">172-176</a>;</li>
+<li>  matrimonial jars, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>;</li>
+<li>  separation, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>;</li>
+<li>  death, <a href="#Page_180">180</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Heald, Susannah, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Heavenly Sinner</i>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li>
+
+<li>Heber, Bishop, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li>
+
+<li>Heenan, John Camel, <a href="#Page_251">251</a></li>
+
+<li>Heine, Heinrich, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li>
+
+<li>Henry LXXII, Prince of Reuss, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li>
+
+<li>Her Majesty's Theatre, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a></li>
+
+<li>"Heroines of History," <a href="#Page_237">237</a>, <a href="#Page_249">249</a>, <a href="#Page_274">274-275</a></li>
+
+<li>Hesse-Darmstadt, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li>
+
+<li>Hirschberg, Count von, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li>
+
+<li><i>History of Theatre in America</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li>
+
+<li>Hodgson, Miss D. M., <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li>
+
+<li>Hof Theatre, Munich, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a></li>
+
+<li>Holden, W. Sprague, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
+
+<li>Holland, Canon Scott, <a href="#Page_111">111</a></li>
+
+<li>Homburg, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li>
+
+<li>Home, Daniel Dunglas, <a href="#Page_252">252</a></li>
+
+<li>"Hooking a Prince," <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li>
+
+<li>Hope Chapel, Lecture at, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li>
+
+<li>Hornblow, Arthur, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li>
+
+<li>Home, R. H., <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a></li>
+
+<li>Horse Guards, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li>
+
+<li>Hotel Maulich, <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li>
+
+<li>Hotham, Sir Charles, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li>
+
+<li>Household Cavalry, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li>
+
+<li>Howells, W. Dean, <a href="#Page_192">192</a></li>
+
+<li>Hugo, Victor, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a></li>
+
+<li>Hull, Patrick, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a></li>
+
+<li>Huneker, James, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li>
+</ul><ul class="IX">
+
+<li><i>Il Barbiere di Seviglia</i>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Il Lazzarone</i>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></li>
+
+<li>Imperial Hotel, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li>
+
+<li>India, Garrison life in, <a href="#Page_30">30-38</a></li>
+
+<li>India, Voyage to, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li>
+
+<li>Inferiority-complex, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li>
+
+<li>Ingram, Captain, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li>
+
+<li>Ingram, Mrs., <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li>
+
+<li>Ireland, <a href="#Page_26">26-28</a>, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>, <a href="#Page_241">241</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Irish Ecclesiastical Record</i>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a></li>
+
+<li>Irving, Washington, <a href="#Page_238">238</a></li>
+
+</ul><ul class="IX">
+<li>Jacguand, Claudius, <a href="#Page_179">179</a></li>
+
+<li>James, Rev. John, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li>
+
+<li>James, Lieutenant Thomas, accompanies Mrs. Craigie to England, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>;
+<ul class="IX">
+<li>  runaway marriage with Lola Montez, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>;</li>
+<li>  garrison life in Dublin, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>;</li>
+<li>  service in India, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>;</li>
+<li>  drink and gambling, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>;</li>
+<li>  crim. con. action, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>;</li>
+<li>  judicial separation, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>;</li>
+<li>  police-court proceedings, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>James <i>v.</i> James, Consistory Court Trial, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li>
+
+<li>James <i>v.</i> Lennox, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
+
+<li>Janin, Jules, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_249">249</a></li>
+
+<li>Jesuits, Activity of, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li>
+
+<li>Joan of Arc, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li>
+
+<li>Jobson, Henry, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a></li>
+
+<li><i>John Bull</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li>
+
+<li>"John Bull at Home," Lecture on, <a href="#Page_251">251</a></li>
+
+<li>John, Cecile, guest at tragic supper party <a href="#Page_75">75</a>;
+<ul class="IX">
+<li>  evidence at Rouen trial, <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>"John Company," India under, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li>
+
+<li>Joly, Antenon, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Journal des D&eacute;bats</i>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li>
+
+<li>Judd, Dr., <a href="#Page_192">192</a></li>
+
+<li>"Judge and Jury Club," <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li>
+
+<li>Judicial Separation, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li>
+
+<li>Justinian, Emperor, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li>
+
+<li>"Just and Persevering," <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li>
+
+</ul><ul class="IX">
+<li>Karr, Alphonse, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li>
+
+<li>Kean, Mrs. Charles, <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li>
+
+<li>Kean, Edmund, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li>
+
+<li>Keane, Sir John, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
+
+<li>Keeley, Mrs., <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li>
+
+<li>"Keepsake Annuals," <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li>
+
+<li>Kelly, Fanny, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li>
+
+<li>Kelly, William, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li>
+
+<li>Kemble, Fanny, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li>
+
+<li>Kemble, John Philip, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li>
+
+<li>Kerner, Justinus, <a href="#Page_147">147</a></li>
+
+<li>Khelat, Khan of, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
+
+<li>King of Sardinia, <a href="#Page_200">200</a></li>
+
+<li>Kingsley, Charles, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li>
+
+<li>Kingston, Duchess of, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li>
+
+<li>Kingston, Duke of, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li>
+
+<li>Kirke, Baron, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a></li>
+
+<li>Klein, Dr. Tim von, <a href="#Page_147">147</a></li>
+
+<li>Knapp, Mrs. Dora, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li>
+
+<li>Kobell, Luise von, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li>
+
+<li>Kossuth, Louis, <a href="#Page_188">188</a></li>
+
+<li>Kr&uuml;dener, Baroness, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a></li>
+
+<li>Kurnaul, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li>
+</ul><ul class="IX">
+
+<li>La Biche au Bois, <a href="#Page_74">74</a></li>
+
+<li><i>La Presse</i>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a></li>
+
+<li>"Lady of the Camelias," <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a></li>
+
+<li>Lahore, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li>
+
+<li>Lamartine, de M., <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li>
+
+<li>Lamb, Charles, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li>
+
+<li>"Lamentation," <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li>
+
+<li>Landon, Letitia, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li>
+
+<li>Landsfeld, Countess of, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li>
+
+<li>Landshut, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li>
+
+<li>Larousse, Pierre, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li>
+
+<li>Lasaulx, Professor, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li>
+
+<li>Lavalli&egrave;re, Eve, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li>
+
+<li>Lawrence, Henry, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li>
+
+<li>Lawrence, Sir Walter, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Le Constitutionnel</i>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li>
+
+<li>Lecouvreur, Adrienne, <a href="#Page_204">204</a></li>
+
+<li>Le d'H&oelig;fer, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Le Droit</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li>
+
+<li><i>L'Estafette</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Le Figaro</i>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Le Globe</i>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Le Pays</i>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>, <a href="#Page_230">230</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Lectures of Lola Montez</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li>
+
+<li>"Left-handed Marriage," <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li>
+
+<li>Legge, Professor J. G., <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li>
+
+<li>Leigh, Francis, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a></li>
+
+<li>Leiningen, Prince, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li>
+
+<li>Leland, Charles Godfrey, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a></li>
+
+<li>Leningrad, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li>
+
+<li>Lennox, Captain, <a href="#Page_40">40-44</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a></li>
+
+<li>Leen, Don Diego, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Les Contemporains</i>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Les D&eacute;bats</i>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li>
+
+<li>Lesniowski, M., <a href="#Page_69">69</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Letters from Up-Country</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34-37</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_285" id="Page_285">[285]</a></span></li>
+
+<li>Lever, Charles, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li>
+
+<li>Leveson-Gower, Hon. Frederick, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li>
+
+<li>"Liberation of Greece," <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li>
+
+<li>Lichenthaler, Herr, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li>
+
+<li>Li&eacute;venne, Anais, <a href="#Page_75">75-76</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li>
+
+<li>Life Guards, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li>
+
+<li>Limerick, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a></li>
+
+<li>Lind, Jenny, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li>
+
+<li>Lindeau, Flight to, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li>
+
+<li>"Lion of the Punjaub," <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li>
+
+<li>Lisbon, <a href="#Page_179">179</a></li>
+
+<li>Lister, Lady Theresa, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li>
+
+<li>Liverpool, Lecture at, <a href="#Page_241">241</a></li>
+
+<li>Liszt, Abb&eacute;, <i>liaison</i> with Lola Montez, <a href="#Page_62">62-65</a>;
+<ul class="IX">
+<li>  Opera House, Dresden, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>;</li>
+<li>  life in Paris, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>;</li>
+<li>  visit to Bonn, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>;</li>
+<li>  correspondence with Madame d'Agoult, <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Loeb, Herr, <a href="#Page_151">151</a></li>
+
+<li>"Lola in Bavaria," <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li>
+
+<li>Lomer, Adjutant, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li>
+
+<li>Lomer, Mrs., <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li>
+
+<li>London, Lola Montez in, <a href="#Page_41">41-47</a>, <a href="#Page_49">49-60</a>, <a href="#Page_163">163-177</a>, <a href="#Page_242">242-250</a></li>
+
+<li>Londonderry, Marquess of, <a href="#Page_169">169</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a></li>
+
+<li>Lord Chamberlain, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li>
+
+<li>Lord Milton, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
+
+<li>Louis XV, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li>
+
+<li>Louis Napoleon, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li>
+
+<li>Louis-Philippe, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a></li>
+
+<li>Lovell, John, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li>
+
+<li>Lucerne, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li>
+
+<li>Lucknow, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li>
+
+<li>Ludwig I, architectural aspirations, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>;
+<ul class="IX">
+<li>  lured by Lola Montez, <a href="#Page_99">99-148</a>;</li>
+<li>  poetry and passion, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>;</li>
+<li>  dissentions with Cabinet, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_127">127-129</a>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>;</li>
+<li>  abdication, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>;</li>
+<li>  death and burial, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>Ludwig II, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li>
+
+<li>Luitpold, Prince, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li>
+
+<li>Lumley, Sir Abraham, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li>
+
+<li>Lumley, Benjamin, <a href="#Page_49">49-55</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a></li>
+
+<li>Lushington, Dr., <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li>
+
+<li>Luther, Martin, <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li>
+
+<li>Lyceum Theatre, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li>
+
+<li>Lytton, Lord, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li>
+</ul><ul class="IX">
+
+<li>Macaulay, Lord, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li>
+
+<li>Macready, W. C., <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li>
+
+<li>Madeira, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li>
+
+<li>Madras, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li>
+
+<li>Madrid, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Maga</i>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li>
+
+<li>Magdalen Asylum, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li>
+
+<li>Mahmood, Sultan, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li>
+
+<li>"Maidens, Beware!" <a href="#Page_221">221</a></li>
+
+<li>"Ma&icirc;tresse du Roi," <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li>
+
+<li>Malmesbury, Earl of, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a></li>
+
+<li>Maltitz, Baron, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li>
+
+<li>Manchester, Free Trade Hall, <a href="#Page_241">241</a></li>
+
+<li>Mangnall, Mrs., <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li>
+
+<li>Marden, Caroline, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li>
+
+<li>Marie-Antoinette, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li>
+
+<li>Marlborough Street police court, <a href="#Page_171">171-177</a></li>
+
+<li>"Married in Haste," <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li>
+
+<li>Marseilles, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li>
+
+<li>Marsh, Luther, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li>
+
+<li>Martin, Mrs., <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li>
+
+<li>Marysville, <a href="#Page_202">202</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Marysville Herald</i>, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a></li>
+
+<li>Mathews, Charles, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li>
+
+<li>Mathews, Mrs., <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li>
+
+<li>Mauclerc, M., <a href="#Page_220">220</a></li>
+
+<li>Maurer, Georg von, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>,<a href="#Page_129">129</a></li>
+
+<li>Maurice, Edward, <a href="#Page_151">151</a></li>
+
+<li>McMichael, Captain, <a href="#Page_199">199</a></li>
+
+<li>McMullen, Major, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li>
+
+<li>McNaghten, Mrs., <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li>
+
+<li>Maximilian, Prince, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li>
+
+<li>Max Joseph, Prince, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li>
+
+<li>Mazzini, <a href="#Page_151">151</a></li>
+
+<li>M&eacute;lanie, Princess, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li>
+
+<li>Melbourne, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_216">216-221</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Melbourne Argus</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Melbourne Herald</i>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a></li>
+
+<li>Melbourne, Theatre, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a></li>
+
+<li>Mellen, Ida M., <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
+
+<li><i>M&eacute;moires de M. Montholon</i>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a></li>
+
+<li>Menken, Adah Isaacs, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a></li>
+
+<li>M&eacute;ry, Joseph, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Mes Souvenirs</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a></li>
+
+<li>Metternich, Prince, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li>
+
+<li>Metzger, Herr, <a href="#Page_106">106</a></li>
+
+<li>Milbanke, Sir John, <a href="#Page_141">141</a></li>
+
+<li>Milbanke, Lady, <a href="#Page_106">106</a></li>
+
+<li>Milnes, Menckton, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li>
+
+<li>Milton, Dr., <a href="#Page_219">219</a></li>
+
+<li>"Ministry of Dawn," <a href="#Page_149">149</a></li>
+
+<li>Minto, Earl of, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li>
+
+<li>Mirecourt, Eug&eacute;ne de, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_179">179</a>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a></li>
+
+<li>Mission Dolores, Church of, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a></li>
+
+<li>Moli&egrave;re, Jean Baptiste, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li>
+
+<li>Moller, Baron, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li>
+
+<li>Monmouth, Duke of, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li>
+
+<li>Montalva, Oliverres de, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li>
+
+<li>Montez, Francisco, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li>
+
+<li>Montez, Jean Francois, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a></li>
+
+<li>Montez, Lola, birth and parentage, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>;
+<ul class="IX">
+<li>  childhood in India, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>;</li>
+<li>  sent to Montrose and Bath, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>;</li>
+<li>  "Love's Young Dream," <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li>
+<li>  runaway marriage, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>;</li>
+<li>  garrison life in Dublin, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>;</li>
+<li>  return to India, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>;</li>
+<li>  <i>liaison</i> with Captain Lennox, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>;</li>
+<li>  Consistory Court proceedings, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>;</li>
+<li>  disastrous d&eacute;but at Her Majesty's, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>;</li>
+<li>  Continental wanderings, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>;</li>
+<li>  <i>liaison</i> with Liszt, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>;</li>
+<li>  fiasco at Acad&eacute;mie Royale, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>;</li>
+<li>  mistress of Dujarier, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>;</li>
+<li>  evidence at Rouen trial, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>;</li>
+<li>  "hooking a prince," <a href="#Page_91">91-93</a>;</li>
+<li>  career in Munich, <a href="#Page_98">98-152</a>;</li>
+<li>  "Ma&icirc;tresse du Roi," <a href="#Page_118">118-135</a>;</li>
+<li>  created Countess of Landsfeld, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>;</li>
+<li>  expelled from Bavaria, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>;</li>
+<li>  adventures in Switzerland, <a href="#Page_152">152-155</a>;</li>
+<li>  bigamous union with Cornet Heald, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>;</li>
+<li>  prosecution for bigamy, <a href="#Page_171">171-177</a>;</li>
+<li>  life in Paris, <a href="#Page_181">181-187</a>;</li>
+<li>  theatrical career in America, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>;</li>
+<li>  marriage with Patrick Hull, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>;</li>
+<li>  life in California, <a href="#Page_197">197-210</a>;</li>
+<li>  theatrical tour in Australia, <a href="#Page_211">211-227</a>;</li>
+<li>  returns to America, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>;</li>
+<li>  from stage to platform, <a href="#Page_234">234-239</a>;</li>
+<li>  lectures in London, <a href="#Page_244">244-250</a>;</li>
+<li>  returns to America, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>;</li>
+<li>  new role as "Repentant Magdalen," <a href="#Page_255">255</a>;</li>
+<li>  illness and death, <a href="#Page_257">257-260</a>;</li>
+<li>  funeral at Green-Wood Cemetery, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>;</li>
+<li>  obituary notices, <a href="#Page_261">261-263</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>"Montez the Magdalen," <a href="#Page_255">255</a></li>
+
+<li>Montmartre Cemetery, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li>
+
+<li>Montmorency, Major de, <a href="#Page_265">265</a></li>
+
+<li>Montrose, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a></li>
+
+<li>"Morning Call," <a href="#Page_223">223</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Morning Herald</i>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Morning Star</i>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_286" id="Page_286">[286]</a></span></li>
+
+<li>Morrison, Colonel, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li>
+
+<li>Morton, Savile, <a href="#Page_184">184</a></li>
+
+<li>Moscheles, Ignatz, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li>
+
+<li>Mulgrave, Earl of, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li>
+
+<li>Munich, Ludwig I, maker of, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>;
+<ul class="IX">
+<li>  Lola Montez in, <a href="#Page_94">94-250</a>;</li>
+<li>  Hof Theatre, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>;</li>
+<li>  public buildings, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>;</li>
+<li>  Residenz Palace, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>;</li>
+<li>  revolution in, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>;</li>
+<li>  flight from, by Lola Montez, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>;</li>
+<li>  funeral of Ludwig I at, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><i>Music Study in Germany</i>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a></li>
+
+</ul><ul class="IX">
+<li>Naked Lady, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li>
+
+<li>Napier, Sir Charles, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li>
+
+<li>Naples, <a href="#Page_177">177</a></li>
+
+<li>Naussbaum, Lieutenant, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li>
+
+<li>"Necrology of the Year," <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li>
+
+<li><i>N&eacute;lida</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li>
+
+<li>Nesselrode, Karl, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li>
+
+<li>Nevada City, <a href="#Page_202">202</a></li>
+
+<li>Newcastle, Duke of, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li>
+
+<li>New York, <a href="#Page_187">187-193</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209-240</a>, <a href="#Page_251">251-262</a></li>
+
+<li><i>New York Herald</i>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a></li>
+
+<li><i>New York Times</i>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a></li>
+
+<li><i>New York Tribune</i>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li>
+
+<li>Niagara, <a href="#Page_194">194</a></li>
+
+<li>Nice, hiding at, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>,</li>
+
+<li>Nicholas I, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li>
+
+<li>Nicolls, Fanny, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li>
+
+<li>Nicolls, Sir Jasper, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a></li>
+
+<li>Niendorf, Emma, <a href="#Page_147">147</a></li>
+
+<li>Nightingale, Florence, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>, <a href="#Page_249">249</a></li>
+
+<li>Nilgiri Hills, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li>
+
+<li>Normanby, Marquess of, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li>
+
+<li>Norton, Hon. Mrs., <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li>
+
+<li>Nuremberg, <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li>
+
+<li>Nussbaum, Lieutenant, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li>
+
+<li>Nymphenburg Park, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a></li>
+
+</ul><ul class="IX">
+<li>Ole Bull, <a href="#Page_200">200</a></li>
+
+<li>Olga, Princess, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li>
+
+<li>Olridge, Mrs., <a href="#Page_232">232</a></li>
+
+<li>Opserman, Herr, <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li>
+
+<li>Osborne, Bernal, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li>
+
+<li>Osborne, Hon. William, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li>
+
+<li>Otto, King of Greece, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li>
+
+<li>Osy, Alice, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li>
+</ul><ul class="IX">
+
+<li>Palatia Corps, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li>
+
+<li>Palmerston, Viscount, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a></li>
+
+<li>Papon, Auguste, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154-158</a></li>
+
+<li>Paris, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65-70</a>, <a href="#Page_181">181-187</a></li>
+
+<li>Parthenon, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Pas de Fascination</i>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li>
+
+<li>Paskievich, Prince, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a></li>
+
+<li>Patna, Cantonments at, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li>
+
+<li>Pavestra de, Marquise, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li>
+
+<li>"Pea Green Hayne," <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li>
+
+<li>Pechman, Baron, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a></li>
+
+<li>Peel, Robert, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li>
+
+<li>Peissner, Fritz, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a></li>
+
+<li>Pennsylvania Historical Society, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
+
+<li>Perth, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li>
+
+<li>Petersham, Lord, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li>
+
+<li>Pfaff's Restaurant, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a></li>
+
+<li>Philadelphia, <a href="#Page_193">193</a></li>
+
+<li>Ph&oelig;nix Park, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li>
+
+<li>Pillet, L&eacute;on, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li>
+
+<li>Pinakothek Gallery, Munich, <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li>
+
+<li>Pitti Palace, <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li>
+
+<li>Plessis, Alphonsine, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a></li>
+
+<li>Poland, Lola Montez in, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li>
+
+<li>Porte St. Martin Theatre, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li>
+
+<li>Potsdam, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li>
+
+<li>Pourtales, Guy de, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li>
+
+<li>Preysing, Countess, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li>
+
+<li>Price, Harry, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li>
+
+<li>Prince Consort, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li>
+
+<li>Prince of Wales, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a></li>
+
+<li>Princess Victoria, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li>
+
+<li>Prussia, Queen of, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li>
+
+<li>Psychical Investigation, Council for, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Punch</i>, References to Lola Montez, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a></li>
+
+<li>Punjaub, Garrison life in, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li>
+
+</ul><ul class="IX">
+<li>Queen Victoria, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li>
+
+<li>Queen's Bench Division, Court of, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Questions for the Use of Young People</i>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li>
+
+</ul><ul class="IX">
+<li>Rachel, Madame, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a></li>
+
+<li>Rae, Mrs., <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li>
+
+<li>"Raffaelo, the Reprobate," <a href="#Page_223">223</a></li>
+
+<li>Raglan, Lord, <a href="#Page_213">213</a></li>
+
+<li>Ranelagh, Viscount, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_54">54-56</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a></li>
+
+<li>Ranjeet Sing, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li>
+
+<li>Rathbiggon, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li>
+
+<li>Ratisbon, <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li>
+
+<li>Rechberg, Count von, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li>
+
+<li>Reisach, Count, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Reminiscences of the Opera</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></li>
+
+<li>Residenz Palace, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li>
+
+<li>Reuss-Lobenstein-Ebersdorf, Principality of, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Rhyme and Revolution in Germany</i>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li>
+
+<li>Richardson, Philip, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li>
+
+<li>Richter, Jean Paul, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li>
+
+<li>Rieff, M., <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Rienzi</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li>
+
+<li>Rio, Madame, <a href="#Page_144">144</a></li>
+
+<li>Roberts, Browne, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li>
+
+<li>Roberts, Emma, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li>
+
+<li>Rogers, Cameron, <a href="#Page_263">263</a></li>
+
+<li>"Romanism," Lecture on, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a></li>
+
+<li>Rothmanner, Herr, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li>
+
+<li>Rothschild, Baroness de, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li>
+
+<li>Rotterdam, Embarkation of Prince Metternich at, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li>
+
+<li>Rouen, Assize Court, <a href="#Page_83">83-90</a></li>
+
+<li>Rourke, Constance, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li>
+
+<li>Roux, M., <a href="#Page_185">185-187</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Ruff's Guide</i>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a></li>
+
+<li>Russell, W. H., <a href="#Page_196">196</a>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a></li>
+
+<li>Russia, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li>
+
+</ul><ul class="IX">
+<li>Sacramento City, <a href="#Page_199">199</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Sacramento Union</i>, <a href="#Page_207">207</a></li>
+
+<li>"Sahib Log," <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li>
+
+<li>Saint-Agnan, M. de, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a></li>
+
+<li>Sala, George Augustus, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li>
+
+<li>Sale, Mrs. Robert, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li>
+
+<li>Salveton, M., <a href="#Page_86">86</a></li>
+
+<li>Salzburg, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li>
+
+<li>San Francisco, <a href="#Page_197">197-199</a></li>
+
+<li><i>San Francisco Alta</i>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a></li>
+
+<li><i>San Francisco Whig</i>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a></li>
+
+<li>Sand, George, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li>
+
+<li>Sandeau, Jules, <a href="#Page_278">278</a></li>
+
+<li>Sandhurst, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Satirist</i>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li>
+
+<li>Saunders, Beverley, <a href="#Page_199">199</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_287" id="Page_287">[287]</a></span></li>
+
+<li>Saxe, Marshal, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li>
+
+<li>Saxe-Weimar, Prince Edward of, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li>
+
+<li>Sayers, Tom, <a href="#Page_209">209</a></li>
+
+<li>"Scarlet Woman," <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li>
+
+<li>Sch&ouml;nheitengalerie, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li>
+
+<li>Schneider, Rudi, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a></li>
+
+<li>Schrenck, Count von, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li>
+
+<li>Schr&ouml;der, Fr&auml;ulein, <a href="#Page_161">161</a></li>
+
+<li>Schulkoski, Prince, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li>
+
+<li>Schwab, Sophie, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li>
+
+<li>Schwanthaler, Franz, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li>
+
+<li>Second Empire, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li>
+
+<li>Sedley, Katherine, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li>
+
+<li>Seekamp, Henry, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li>
+
+<li>Senfft, Count, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a></li>
+
+<li>Seinsheim, Herr von, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li>
+
+<li>Seville, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li>
+
+<li>Shah Shuja, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li>
+
+<li>Sheridan, Francis, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li>
+
+<li>Shipley, Henley, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a></li>
+
+<li>Shore, Jane, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li>
+
+<li>Sicklen, Mrs. Putnam van, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
+
+<li>Simla, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li>
+
+<li>Sister Augustine, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Sketches by Boz</i>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li>
+
+<li>"Sludge, the Medium," <a href="#Page_252">252</a></li>
+
+<li>Smith, E. T., <a href="#Page_242">242-244</a></li>
+
+<li>Somnauth, Temple of, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
+
+<li>"Song of Walhalla," <a href="#Page_108">108</a></li>
+
+<li>Sophie, Archduchess, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li>
+
+<li>Sorel, Agnes, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li>
+
+<li>Soule, Frank, <a href="#Page_207">207</a></li>
+
+<li>Southampton, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Southern Lights and Shadows</i>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a></li>
+
+<li>Spence, Lady Theresa, <a href="#Page_106">106</a></li>
+
+<li>"Spider Dance," <a href="#Page_209">209</a>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a></li>
+
+<li>Spiritualism, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li>
+
+<li>"Spittalsfield Weaver," <a href="#Page_223">223</a></li>
+
+<li>Spurgeon, Charles Haddon, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li>
+
+<li>Sta&euml;l, Madame de, <a href="#Page_238">238</a></li>
+
+<li>Stahl, Dr., <a href="#Page_141">141</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Standard</i>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li>
+
+<li>Stanford University, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
+
+<li>Stanhope, Colonel, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li>
+
+<li>Starenberg, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li>
+
+<li>Stedman, Edmund Clarence, <a href="#Page_252">252</a></li>
+
+<li>Steinberg, Otto von, <a href="#Page_126">126</a></li>
+
+<li>Steinkeller, Mme, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li>
+
+<li>Stewart, William, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li>
+
+<li>Stieler, Josef, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li>
+
+<li>Stocqueler, J., <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Story of a Penitent</i>, <a href="#Page_259">259</a></li>
+
+<li>Stowe, Mrs. Harriet Beecher, <a href="#Page_222">222</a></li>
+
+<li>Stubenrauch, Amalia, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li>
+
+<li>Sturgis, Mrs., <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li>
+
+<li>Stuttgart, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li>
+
+<li>St. George's, Hanover Square, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li>
+
+<li>St. Helena, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li>
+
+<li>St. James's Hall, <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li>
+
+<li>St. Jean de Luz, <a href="#Page_228">228</a></li>
+
+<li>St. Louis, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a></li>
+
+<li>St. Petersburg, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a></li>
+
+<li>Sue, Eug&eacute;ne, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_249">249</a></li>
+
+<li>Sultan of Turkey, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a></li>
+
+<li>Sumner, Charles, <a href="#Page_230">230</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Sunday Times</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li>
+
+<li>Sutherland, Duchess of, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li>
+
+<li>"Swedish Nightingale," <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li>
+
+<li>Swiss Guards, <a href="#Page_141">141</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Sydney Herald</i>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a></li>
+
+<li>Sydney, social life in, <a href="#Page_212">212</a></li>
+
+<li>Sydney, Victoria Theatre, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a></li>
+</ul><ul class="IX">
+
+<li>Taglioni, Marie, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li>
+
+<li>Talleyrand, Baron, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Temple Bar</i>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a></li>
+
+<li>Tennyson, Alfred, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a></li>
+
+<li>Thackeray, W. M., <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a></li>
+
+<li>Theatiner Church, <a href="#Page_141">141</a></li>
+
+<li>Theatrical Museum, Munich, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
+
+<li>Theodora, Empress, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li>
+
+<li>Theresa of Saxe-Hildburghausen, Princess, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li>
+
+<li>Thesiger, Frederick, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
+
+<li>Thiersch, Friedrich, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li>
+
+<li>Thirsch, Wilhelm, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li>
+
+<li>Thirty-eighth Native Infantry, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li>
+
+<li>Thompson, Edward, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
+
+<li>Thynne, Lord Edward, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li>
+
+<li>Tichatschek, Josef, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Times</i>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a></li>
+
+<li>Titiens, Teresa, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li>
+
+<li>Tom Thumb, General, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li>
+
+<li>Tourville, Letendre de, <a href="#Page_84">84-86</a></li>
+
+<li>Treitschke, Heinrich von, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Troupers of the Gold Coast</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li>
+
+<li>"Trousers for Women," <a href="#Page_191">191</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Troy Budget</i>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a></li>
+
+<li>Tugal, M. Pierre, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
+
+<li>Tupper, Martin, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li>
+
+<li>Twenty-fifth Foot, Regiment, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li>
+
+<li>Tyree, Mrs. Annette, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li>
+</ul><ul class="IX">
+
+<li><i>Ulner Chronik</i>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a></li>
+
+<li>Ultramontane Policy, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Uncle Tom's Cabin</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li>
+
+<li>"Uncrowned Queen of Bavaria," <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li>
+
+<li>University, Munich, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a></li>
+
+<li>University Students at Munich, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Up the Country</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li>
+
+</ul><ul class="IX">
+<li>Valley, Count Arco, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li>
+
+<li>Vandam, Albert, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a></li>
+
+<li>Vanderbilt, Commodore, <a href="#Page_192">192</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Vanity Fair</i>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a></li>
+
+<li>Vari&eacute;t&eacute;s Theatre, St. Louis, <a href="#Page_194">194</a></li>
+
+<li>Vaubernier, Jeanne, <a href="#Page_232">232</a></li>
+
+<li>Vaudeville Theatre, <a href="#Page_186">186</a></li>
+
+<li>Vestris, Madame, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li>
+
+<li>Victoria Theatre, Ballarat, <a href="#Page_222">222</a></li>
+
+<li>Vienna, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a></li>
+
+<li>Villa-Palava, Marquise, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li>
+
+<li>Vine Street Police Station, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li>
+
+<li>Vrede, Prince, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li>
+</ul><ul class="IX">
+
+<li>Wagner, Martin, <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li>
+
+<li>Wagner, Richard, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li>
+
+<li>Wainwright, Governor, <a href="#Page_199">199</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Walhalla's Genossen</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li>
+
+<li>Walkinshaw, Mrs., <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li>
+
+<li>Wallerstein, Prince, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li>
+
+<li>Wallinger, Antoinette, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li>
+
+<li>Walters, Mrs., <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li>
+
+<li>Ware, C. P. T., <a href="#Page_194">194</a></li>
+
+<li>Warsaw, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Warsaw Gazette</i>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a></li>
+
+<li>Washington, George, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li>
+
+<li>Waterloo, Battle of, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li>
+
+<li>Watson, Mrs., <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li>
+
+<li>Weimar, <a href="#Page_71">71</a></li>
+
+<li>Weinsberg, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Welcome Guest</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_288" id="Page_288">[288]</a></span></li>
+
+<li>Wellington, Duchess of, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li>
+
+<li>Wellington, Duke of, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a></li>
+
+<li>"Whiff of Grapeshot," <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li>
+
+<li>Whitbread, Samuel, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li>
+
+<li>Whitman, Walt, <a href="#Page_193">193</a></li>
+
+<li>Wilberforce, Edward, <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li>
+
+<li>William I, of Germany, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li>
+
+<li>William IV, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li>
+
+<li>Willis, N. P., <a href="#Page_187">187</a></li>
+
+<li>Willis, Richard Storrs, <a href="#Page_187">187</a></li>
+
+<li>Wills, Judge, <a href="#Page_199">199</a></li>
+
+<li>Wilson, Rev. John, <a href="#Page_209">209</a></li>
+
+<li>Windischmann, Dr., <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li>
+
+<li>Windsor Castle, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li>
+
+<li>"Wits and Women of Paris," <a href="#Page_237">237</a>, <a href="#Page_249">249</a>, <a href="#Page_277">277-279</a></li>
+
+<li>Wittelsbach, House of, <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li>
+
+<li>"Woman of Spain," <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li>
+
+<li>Wurtemburg, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li>
+
+<li>W&uuml;rzburg, Bishop of, <a href="#Page_141">141</a></li>
+
+</ul><ul class="IX">
+<li>Ziegler, Rudolph, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li>
+
+<li>"Zoyara the Hermaphrodite," <a href="#Page_200">200</a></li>
+
+<li>Zu Rhein, Freiherr, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li>
+
+</ul>
+</div>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The Magnificent Montez, by Horace Wyndham
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@@ -0,0 +1,12666 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Magnificent Montez, by Horace Wyndham
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Magnificent Montez
+       From Courtesan to Convert
+
+Author: Horace Wyndham
+
+Release Date: May 12, 2007 [EBook #21421]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MAGNIFICENT MONTEZ ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Suzanne Shell, Sankar Viswanathan, and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+         [Illustration: _Lola Montez, Countess of Landsfeld_
+
+       (_From a lithograph by Prosper Guillaume Dartiguenave_)]
+
+
+
+
+                                 THE
+
+                             MAGNIFICENT
+
+                                MONTEZ
+
+
+                     _From Courtesan to Convert_
+
+
+
+
+                                 _By_
+
+                            HORACE WYNDHAM
+
+
+
+             "When you met Lola Montez, her reputation
+             made you automatically think of bedrooms."
+
+                                           --ALDOUS HUXLEY.
+
+
+
+
+                          HILLMAN-CURL, INC.
+
+                             _Publishers_
+
+                               NEW YORK
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+FOREWORD
+
+
+Sweep a drag-net across the pages of contemporary drama, and it is
+unquestionable that in her heyday no name on the list stood out, in
+respect of adventure and romance, with greater prominence than did
+that of Lola Montez. Everything she did (or was credited with doing)
+filled columns upon columns in the press of Europe and America; and,
+from first to last, she was as much "news" as any Hollywood heroine of
+our own time. Yet, although she made history in two hemispheres, it
+has proved extremely difficult to discover and unravel the real facts
+of her glamorous career. This is because round few (if any) women has
+been built up such a honeycomb of fable and fantasy and imagination as
+has been built up round this one.
+
+Even where the basic points are concerned there is disagreement. Thus,
+according to various chroniclers, the Sultan of Turkey, an "Indian
+Rajah" (unspecified), Lord Byron, the King of the Cannibal Islands,
+and a "wealthy merchant," each figure as her father, with a "beautiful
+Creole," a "Scotch washerwoman," and a "Dublin actress" for her
+mother; and Calcutta, Geneva, Limerick, Montrose, and Seville--and a
+dozen other cities scattered about the world--for her birthplace. This
+sort of thing is--to say the least of it--confusing.
+
+But Lola Montez was something of an anachronism, and had as lofty a
+disregard for convention as had the ladies thronging the Court of
+Merlin. Nor, it must be admitted, was she herself any pronounced
+stickler for exactitude. Thus, she lopped half a dozen years off her
+age, allotted her father (whom she dubbed a "Spanish officer of
+distinction") a couple of brevet steps in rank, and insisted on an
+ancestry to which she was never entitled.
+
+Still, if Lola Montez deceived the public about herself, others have
+deceived the public about Lola Montez. Thus, in one of his books,
+George Augustus Sala solemnly announced that she was a sister of Adah
+Isaacs Menken; and a more modern writer, unable to distinguish between
+Ludwig I and his grandson Ludwig II, tells us that she was "intimate
+with the mad King of Bavaria." To anybody (and there still are such
+people) who accepts the printed word as gospel, slips of this sort
+destroy faith.
+
+As a fount of information on the subject, the _Autobiography_
+(alleged) of Lola Montez, first published in 1859, is worthless. The
+bulk of it was written for her by a clerical "ghost" in America, the
+Rev. Chauncey Burr, and merely serves up a tissue of picturesque and
+easily disproved falsehoods. A number of these, by the way, together
+with some additional embroideries, are set out at greater length in
+other volumes by Ferdinand Bac (who confounds Ludwig I with Maximilian
+II) and the equally unreliable Eugene de Mirecourt and Auguste Papon.
+German writers, on the other hand, have, if apt to be long-winded, at
+least avoided the more obvious pitfalls. Among the books and pamphlets
+(many of them anonymous) of Teutonic origin, the following will repay
+research: _Die Graefin Landsfeld_ (Gustav Bernhard); _Lola Montez,
+Graefin von Landsfeld_ (Johann Deschler); _Lola Montez und andere
+Novellen_ (Rudolf Ziegler); _Lola Montez und die Jesuiten_ (Dr. Paul
+Erdmann); _Die spanische Taenzerin und die deutsche Freiheit_ (J.
+Beneden); _Die Deutsche Revolution, 1848-1849_ (Hans Blum); _Ein
+vormarzliches Tanzidyll_ (Eduard Fuchs); _Abenteur der beruhmten
+Taenzerin_; _Anfang und Ende der Lola Montez in Bayern_; _Die Munchener
+Vergange_; _Unter den vier ersten Koenigen Bayerns_ (Luise von Kobell);
+and, in particular, the monumental _Histeriche_ of Heinrich von
+Treitschke. But one has to milk a hundred cows to get even a pint of
+Lola Montez cream.
+
+With a view to gathering at first hand reliable and hitherto
+unrecorded details, visits have recently been made by myself to
+Berlin, Brussels, Dresden, Leningrad, Munich, Paris, and Warsaw, etc.,
+in each of which capitals some portion of colourful drama of Lola
+Montez was unfolded. In a number of directions, however, the result of
+such investigations proved disappointing.
+
+"Lola Montez--h'm--what sort of man was he?" was the response of a
+prominent actor, recommended to me as a "leading authority on anything
+to do with the stage"; and the secretary of a theatrical club, anxious
+to be of help, wrote: "Sorry, but none of our members have any
+personal reminiscences of the lady." As she had then been in her grave
+for more than seventy years, it did not occur to me that even the
+senior _jeune premier_ among them would have retained any very vivid
+recollections of her. Still, many of them were quite old enough to
+have heard something of her from their predecessors.
+
+But valuable assistance in eliciting the real facts connected with the
+career of this remarkable woman, and disentangling them from the
+network of lies and fables in which they have long been enmeshed, has
+come from other sources. Among those to whom a special debt must be
+acknowledged are Edmund d'Auvergne (author of a carefully documented
+study), _Lola Montez_ (_an Adventuress of the 'Forties_); Gertrude
+Aretz (author of _The Elegant Woman_); Bernard Falk (author of _The
+Naked Lady_); Arthur Hornblow (author of _A History of the Theatre in
+America_); Harry Price (Hon. Sec. University of London Council for
+Psychical Investigation); Philip Richardson (editor of _The Dancing
+Times_); and Constance Rourke (author of _Troupers of the Gold
+Coast_); and further information has been forthcoming from Mrs.
+Charles Baker (Ruislip), and John Wade (Acton).
+
+Much help in supplying me with important letters and documents and
+hitherto unpublished particulars relating to the trail blazed by Lola
+Montez in America has been furnished by the following: Miss Mabel R.
+Gillis (State Librarian, Californian State Library, Sacramento); Mrs.
+Lillian Hall (Curator, Harvard Theatre Collection); Miss Ida M. Mellen
+(New York); Mrs. Helen Putnam van Sicklen (Library of the Society of
+Californian Pioneers); Mrs. Annette Tyree (New York); Mr. John
+Stapleton Cowley-Brown (New York); Mr. Lewis Chase (Hendersonville);
+Professor Kenneth L. Daughrity (Delta State Teachers' College,
+Cleveland); Mr. Frank Fenton (Stanford University, California); Mr.
+Harold E. Gillingham (Librarian, Historical Society of Pennsylvania);
+Mr. W. Sprague Holden (Associate-Editor, Argonaut Publishing Company,
+San Francisco); and Mr. Milton Lord (Director, Public Library,
+Boston).
+
+In addition to these experts, I am also indebted to Monsieur Pierre
+Tugal (Conservateur, Archives de la Danse, Paris); and to the
+directors and staffs of the Bibliotheque d'Arsenal, Paris, and of the
+Theatrical Museum, Munich, who have generously placed their records at
+my disposal.
+
+Unlike his American and Continental colleagues, a public librarian in
+England said (on a postcard) that he was "too busy to answer
+questions."
+
+H. W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+FOREWORD
+
+CHAPTER
+
+I.      PRELUDE TO ADVENTURE
+
+II.     "MARRIED IN HASTE"
+
+III.    THE CONSISTORY COURT
+
+IV.     FLARE OF THE FOOTLIGHTS
+
+V.      A PASSIONATE PILGRIMAGE
+
+VI.     AN "AFFAIR OF HONOUR"
+
+VII.    "HOOKING A PRINCE"
+
+VIII.   LUDWIG THE LOVER
+
+IX.     "MAITRESSE DU ROI"
+
+X.      BURSTING OF THE STORM
+
+XI.     A FALLEN STAR
+
+XII.    A "LEFT-HANDED" MARRIAGE
+
+XIII.   ODYSSEY
+
+XIV.    THE "GOLDEN WEST"
+
+XV.     "DOWN UNDER"
+
+XVI.    FAREWELL TO THE FOOTLIGHTS
+
+XVII.   THE CURTAIN FALLS
+
+        APPENDIX I. "ARTS OF BEAUTY"
+
+        APPENDIX II. "LOLA MONTEZ' LECTURES"
+
+        INDEX
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+LOLA MONTEZ, COUNTESS OF LANDSFELD                   _Frontispiece_
+
+"JOHN COMPANY" TROOPS ON THE MARCH IN INDIA
+
+HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE, HAYMARKET, WHERE LOLA MONTEZ MADE HER DEBUT
+
+BENJAMIN LUMLEY, LESSEE OF HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE
+
+LOLA MONTEZ, "SPANISH DANCER." DEBUT AT HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE
+
+VISCOUNT RANELAGH, WHO ORGANISED A CABAL AGAINST LOLA MONTEZ
+
+ABBE LISZT, MUSICIAN AND LOVER
+
+FANNY ELSSLER, PREDECESSOR OF LOLA MONTEZ IN PARIS
+
+PORTE ST. MARTIN THEATRE, PARIS, WHERE LOLA WAS A "FLOP"
+
+SUPPER-PARTY AT LES FRERES PROVENCAUX. FIRST ACT IN A TRAGEDY
+
+RESIDENZ PALACE, MUNICH, IN 1848. RESIDENCE OF LUDWIG I.
+
+"COMMAND" PORTRAIT. IN THE "GALLERY OF BEAUTIES," MUNICH
+
+KING OF BAVARIA. "LUDWIG THE LOVER"
+
+LOLA MONTEZ IN CARICATURE. "LOLA ON THE ALLEMANNEN HOUND"
+
+BERRYMEAD PRIORY, ACTON, WHERE LOLA MONTEZ LIVED WITH CORNET HEALD
+
+LOLA MONTEZ IN LONDON. AGED THIRTY
+
+A "BELLE OF THE BOULEVARDS." LOLA MONTEZ IN PARIS
+
+THE "SPIDER DANCE." CAUSE OF MUCH CRITICISM
+
+LOLA MONTEZ IN "LOLA IN BAVARIA." A "PLAY WITH A PURPOSE"
+
+LOLA AS A LECTURER. FROM STAGE TO PLATFORM
+
+LOLA MONTEZ IN MIDDLE LIFE. A CHARACTERISTIC POSE
+
+"LECTURES AND LIFE." FROM STAGE TO PLATFORM
+
+COUNTESS OF LANDSFELD. A FAVOURITE PORTRAIT
+
+GRAVE OF LOLA MONTEZ, IN GREEN-WOOD CEMETERY, NEW YORK
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE MAGNIFICENT MONTEZ
+
+CHAPTER I
+
+PRELUDE TO ADVENTURE
+
+
+I
+
+In a tearful column, headed "Necrology of the Year," a mid-Victorian
+obituarist wrote thus of a woman figuring therein:
+
+     This was one who, notwithstanding her evil ways, had a share
+     in some public transactions too remarkable to allow her name
+     to be omitted from the list of celebrated persons deceased
+     in the year 1861.
+
+     Born of an English or Irish family of respectable rank, at a
+     very early age the unhappy girl was found to be possessed of
+     the fatal gift of beauty. She appeared for a short time on
+     the stage as a dancer (for which degradation her sorrowing
+     relatives put on mourning, and issued undertakers' cards to
+     signify that she was now dead to them) and then blazed forth
+     as the most notorious Paphian in Europe.
+
+     Were this all, these columns would not have included her
+     name. But she exhibited some very remarkable qualities. The
+     natural powers of her mind were considerable. She had a
+     strong will, and a certain grasp of circumstances. Her
+     disposition was generous, and her sympathies very large.
+     These qualities raised the courtesan to a singular position.
+     She became a political influence; and exercised a
+     fascination over sovereigns and ministers more widely
+     extended than has perhaps been possessed by any other member
+     of the _demi-monde_. She ruled a kingdom; and ruled it,
+     moreover, with dignity and wisdom and ability. The political
+     Hypatia, however, was sacrificed to the rabble. Her power
+     was gone, and she could hope no more from the flattery of
+     statesmen. She became an adventuress of an inferior class.
+     Her intrigues, her duels, and her horse-whippings made her
+     for a time a notoriety in London, Paris, and America.
+
+     Like other celebrated favourites who, with all her personal
+     charms, but without her glimpses of a better human nature,
+     have sacrificed the dignity of womanhood to a profligate
+     ambition, this one upbraided herself in her last moments on
+     her wasted life; and then, when all her ambition and vanity
+     had turned to ashes, she understood what it was to have been
+     the toy of men and the scorn of women.
+
+Altogether a somewhat guarded suggestion of disapproval about the
+subject of this particular memoir.
+
+
+II
+
+Three years after the thunderous echoes of Waterloo had died away, and
+"Boney," behind a fringe of British bayonets, was safely interned on
+the island of St. Helena, there was born in barracks at Limerick a
+little girl. On the same day, in distant Bavaria, a sovereign was
+celebrating his thirty-fifth birthday. Twenty-seven years later the
+two were to meet; and from that meeting much history was to be
+written.
+
+The little girl who first came on the scene at Limerick was the
+daughter of one Ensign Edward Gilbert, a young officer of good Irish
+family who had married a Senorita Oliverres de Montalva, "of Castle
+Oliver, Madrid." At any rate, she claimed to be such, and also that
+she was directly descended from Francisco Montez, a famous toreador of
+Seville. There is a strong presumption, however, that here she was
+drawing on her imagination; and, as for the "Castle Oliver" in Sunny
+Spain, well, that country has never lacked "castles."
+
+The Oliver family, as pointed out by E. B. d'Auvergne in his carefully
+documented _Adventuresses and Adventurous Ladies_, was really of Irish
+extraction, and had been settled in Limerick since the year 1645. "The
+family pedigree," he says, "reveals no trace of Spanish or Moorish
+blood." Further, by the beginning of the last century, the main line
+had, so far as the union of its members was blessed by the Church,
+expired, and no legitimate offspring were left. Gilbert's spouse,
+accordingly, must, if a genuine Oliverres, have come into the world
+with a considerable blot on her 'scutcheon.
+
+Still, if there were no hidalgos perched on her family tree, Mrs.
+Gilbert probably had some good blood in her veins. As a matter of
+fact, there is some evidence adduced by a distant relative, Miss D. M.
+Hodgson, that she was really an illegitimate daughter of an Irishman,
+Charles Oliver, of Castle Oliver (now Cloghnafoy), Co. Limerick, and a
+peasant girl on his estate. This is possible enough, for the period
+was one when squires exercised "seigneurial rights," and when colleens
+were complacent. If they were not, they had very short shrift.
+
+Mrs. Gilbert's wedding had been a hasty one. Still, not a bit too
+hasty, since the doctor and monthly nurse had to be summoned almost
+before the ink was dry on the register. As a matter of fact, Mrs.
+Gilbert must have gone to church in the condition of ladies who love
+their lords, for this "pledge of mutual affection" was born in
+Limerick barracks while the honeymoon was still in full swing, and
+within a couple of months of the nuptial knot being tied. She was
+christened Marie Dolores Eliza Rosanna, but was at first called by the
+second of these names. This, however, being a bit of a mouthful for a
+small child, she herself soon clipped it to the diminutive Lola. The
+name suited her, and it stuck.
+
+While these facts are supported by documentary evidence, they have not
+been "romantic" enough to fit in with the views of certain foreign
+biographers. Accordingly, they have given the child's birthplace as
+in, among other cities, Madrid, Lucerne, Constantinople, and Calcutta;
+and one of them has even been sufficiently daring to make her a
+daughter of Lord Byron. Larousse, too, not to be behindhand, says that
+she was "born in Seville, of a Spanish father"; and, alternatively,
+"in Scotland, of an English father." Both accounts, however, are
+emphatic that her mother was "a young Creole of astonishing
+loveliness, who had married two officers, a Spaniard and an
+Englishman."
+
+It was to Edward Gilbert's credit that he had not joined the Army with
+the King's commission in his pocket, but in a more humble capacity,
+that of a private soldier. Gallant service in the field had won him
+advancement; and in 1817 he was selected for an ensigncy in the 25th
+Foot, thus exchanging his musket and knapsack for the sword and sash
+of an officer. From the 25th Foot he was, five years later,
+transferred to the 44th Foot, commanded by Colonel Morrison. In 1822,
+its turn coming round for a spell of foreign service, the regiment
+moved from Dublin to Chatham and embarked for India. Sailing with his
+wife and child, the young officer, after a voyage that lasted the best
+(or worst) part of six months, landed at Calcutta and went into
+barracks at Fort William. On arrival there, "the newcomers," says an
+account that has been preserved, "were entertained with lavish
+hospitality and in a fashion to be compared only with the festivities
+pictured in the novels of Charles Lever." But all ranks had strong
+heads, and were none the worse for it.
+
+During the ensuing summer the regiment got "the route," and was
+ordered up country to Dinapore, a cantonment near Patna, on the
+Ganges, that had been founded by Warren Hastings. It was an unhealthy
+station, especially for youngsters fresh from England. A burning sun
+by day; hot stifling nights; and no breath of wind sweeping across the
+parched ghats. Within a few weeks the dreaded cholera made its
+appearance; the melancholy roll of muffled drums was heard every
+evening at sunset; and Ensign Gilbert was one of the first victims.
+
+[Illustration: "John Company" troops on the march in India]
+
+The widow, it is recorded, was "left to the care and protection of
+Mrs. General Brown," the wife of the brigadier. But events were
+already marching to their appointed end; and, as a result, this
+charitable lady was soon relieved of her charge.
+
+Left a young widow (not yet twenty-five) with a child of five to bring
+up, and very little money on which to do it (for her husband had only
+drawn 108 rupees a month), the position in which Mrs. Gilbert found
+herself was a difficult one. "You can," wrote Lola, years afterwards,
+"have but a faint conception of the responsibility." Warm hearts,
+however, were at hand to befriend her. The warmest among them was that
+of a brother officer of her late husband, Lieutenant Patrick Craigie,
+of the 38th Native Infantry, then quartered at Dacca. A bachelor and
+possessed of considerable private means, he invited her to share his
+bungalow. The invitation was accepted. As a result, there was a
+certain amount of gossip. This, however, was promptly silenced by a
+second invitation, also accepted, to share his name; and, in August,
+1824, Mrs. Gilbert, renouncing her mourning and her widowhood,
+blossomed afresh as Mrs. Craigie. It is said that the ceremony was
+performed by Bishop Heber, Metropolitan of Calcutta, who happened to
+be visiting Dacca at the time. Very soon afterwards the benedict
+received a staff appointment as deputy-adjutant-general at Simla,
+combined with that of deputy-postmaster at Headquarters. This sent him
+a step up the ladder to the rank of captain and brought a welcome
+addition to his pay. In the opinion of the station "gup," some of it
+not too charitable, the widow "had done well for herself."
+
+Captain Craigie, who appears to have been a somewhat Dobbin-like
+individual, proved an affectionate husband and step-father. The
+little girl's prettiness and precocity appealed to him strongly. He
+could not do enough for her; and he spoiled her by refusing to check
+her wayward disposition and encouraging her mischievous pranks. It was
+not a good upbringing; and, as dress and "society" filled the thoughts
+of her mother, the "Miss Baba" was left very much to the care of the
+swarms of native servants attached to the bungalow. She was petted by
+all with whom she came into contact, from the gilded staff of
+Government House down to the humblest sepoy and bearer. Lord Hastings,
+the Commander-in-Chief--a rigid disciplinarian who had reintroduced
+the "cat" when Lord Minto, his predecessor in office, had abolished
+it--smiled affably on her. She sat on the laps of be-medalled
+generals, veterans of Assaye and Bhurtpore, and pulled their whiskers
+unchecked; and she ran wild in the compounds of the civilian big-wigs
+and mercantile nabobs who, as was the custom in the days of "John
+Company," had shaken the pagoda tree to their own considerable profit.
+After all, as they said, when any protest filtered through to
+Leadenhall Street, what were the natives for, except to be exploited;
+and busybodies who took them to task were talking nonsense. Worse,
+they were "disloyal."
+
+As, however, there were adequate reasons why children could not stop
+in the country indefinitely, Lola's step-father, after much anxious
+consideration, decided that, since she was running wild and getting
+into mischief, the best thing to do with her would be to have her
+brought up by his relatives in Scotland. A suitable escort having been
+found and a passage engaged, in the autumn of 1826 she was sent to
+Montrose, where his own father, a "venerable man occupying the
+position of provost, and sisters were living."
+
+From India to Scotland was a considerable change. Not a change for the
+better, in the opinion of the new arrival there. The Montrose
+household, ruled by Captain Craigie's elderly sisters, was a dour and
+strict one, informed by an atmosphere of bleak and chill Calvinism.
+All enjoyment was frowned upon; pleasure was "worldly" and had to be
+severely suppressed. No more petting and spoiling for the little girl.
+Instead, a regime of porridge and prayers and unending lessons. As a
+result the child was so wretched that, convinced her mother would
+prove unsympathetic, she wrote to her step-father, begging to be sent
+back to him. This, of course, was impossible. Still, when the letter,
+blotted with tears, reached him in Calcutta, Captain Craigie's heart
+was touched. If she was unhappy among his kinsfolk at Montrose, he
+would send her somewhere else. But where? That was the question.
+
+As luck would have it, by the same mail a second letter, offering a
+solution of the problem, arrived from an Anglo-Indian friend. This was
+Sir Jasper Nicolls, K.C.B., a veteran of Assaye and Bhurtpore, who had
+settled down in England and wanted a young girl as companion for, and
+to be brought up with, his own motherless daughter. The two got into
+correspondence; and, the necessary arrangements having been completed,
+little Lola Gilbert, beside herself with delight, was in the summer of
+1830 packed off to Sir Jasper's house at Bath.
+
+"Are you sorry to leave us?" enquired the eldest Miss Craigie.
+
+"Not a bit," was the candid response.
+
+"Mark my words, Miss, you'll come to a bad ending," predicted the
+other sourly.
+
+
+III
+
+But if Bath was to be a "bad ending," it was certainly to be a good
+beginning. There, instead of bleakness and constant reproof, Lola
+found herself wrapped in an atmosphere of warmth and friendliness. Sir
+Jasper was kindness itself; and his daughter Fanny made the newcomer
+welcome. The two girls took to one another from the first, sharing
+each other's pleasures as they shared each other's studies. Thus, they
+blushed and gushed when required; sewed samplers and copied texts;
+learned a little French and drawing; grappled with Miss Mangnall's
+_Questions for the Use of Young People_; practised duets and ballads;
+touched the strings of the harp; wept over the poems of "L.E.L."; read
+Byron surreptitiously, and the newly published _Sketches by Boz_
+openly; admired the "Books of Beauty" and sumptuously bound "Keepsake
+Annuals," edited by the Countess of Blessington and the Hon. Mrs.
+Norton; laughed demurely at the antics of that elderly figure-of-fun,
+"Romeo" Coates, when he took the air in the Quadrant; wondered why
+that distinguished veteran, Sir Charles Napier, made a point of
+cutting Sir Jasper Nicolls; curtsied to the little Princess Victoria,
+then staying at the York Hotel, and turned discreetly aside when the
+Duchess de Berri happened to pass; and (since they were not entirely
+cloistered) attended, under the watchful eye of a governess, "select"
+concerts in the Assembly Rooms (with Catalini and Garsia in the
+programmes) and an occasional play at the Theatre Royal, where from
+time to time they had a glimpse of Fanny Kemble and Kean and Macready;
+and, in short, followed the approved curriculum of young ladies of
+their position in the far off-days when William IV was King.
+
+Although Sir Jasper had a hearty and John Bullish contempt for
+foreigners--and especially for the "Froggies" he had helped to drub at
+Waterloo--he felt that they, none the less, had their points; and that
+they were born on the wrong side of the Channel was their misfortune,
+rather than their fault. Accordingly, there was an interval in Paris,
+where the two girls were sent to learn French. There, in addition to a
+knowledge of the language, Lola acquired a technique that was
+afterwards to prove valuable amid other and very different
+surroundings. If de Mirecourt (a far from reliable authority) is to be
+believed, she was also, during this period, presented to King Charles
+X by the British Ambassador. On the evidence of dates, however, this
+could not have been the case, for Charles had relinquished his sceptre
+and fled to England long before Lola arrived in the country.
+
+After an interval, Sir Jasper felt that he ought to slip across to
+Paris himself, if only to make sure that his daughter and ward were
+"not getting into mischief, or having their heads filled with ideas."
+No sooner said than done and, posting to Dover, he took the packet.
+Having relieved his mind as to the welfare of the two girls, he turned
+his attention to other matters. As he had anticipated, a number of his
+old comrades who had settled in Paris gave him a warm welcome and
+readily undertook to "show him round." He enjoyed the experience. Life
+was pleasant there, and the theatres and cafes were attractive and a
+change from the austerities of Bath. The ladies, too, whom he
+encountered when he smoked his cheroot in the Palais Royal gardens,
+smiled affably on the "English Milord." Some of them, with very little
+encouragement, did more. "No nonsense about waiting for
+introductions."
+
+But, despite its amenities, Paris in the early 'thirties was not
+altogether a suitable resort for British visitors. The political
+atmosphere was distinctly ruffled. Revolution was in the air. Sir
+Jasper sniffed the coming changes; and was tactician enough to avoid
+being engulfed in the threatened maelstrom by slipping back to England
+with his young charges in the nick of time. Others of his compatriots,
+not so fortunate or so discreet, found themselves clapped into French
+prisons.
+
+Returning to the tranquillity of Bath, things resumed their normal
+course. Sir Jasper nursed his gout (changing his opinion of French
+cooking, to which he attributed a fresh attack) and the girls picked
+up the threads they had temporarily dropped.
+
+Always responsive to her environment, Lola expanded quickly in the
+sympathetic atmosphere of the Nicolls household. Before long,
+Montrose, with its "blue Scotch Calvinism," was but a memory. Instead
+of being snubbed and scolded, she was petted and encouraged. As a
+result, she grew cheerful and vivacious, full of high spirits and
+laughter. Perhaps because of her mother's Spanish blood, she matured
+early. At sixteen she was a woman. A remarkably attractive one, too,
+giving--with her raven tresses, long-lashed violet eyes, and graceful
+figure--promise of the ripe beauty for which she was afterwards to be
+distinguished throughout two hemispheres. Of a romantic disposition,
+she, naturally enough, had her _affaires_. Several of them, as it
+happened. One of them was with an usher, who had slipped amorous
+missives into her prayer-book. Greatly daring, he followed this up by
+bearding Sir Jasper in his den and asking permission to "pay his
+addresses" to his ward. The warrior's response was unconciliatory.
+Still, he could not be angry when, on being challenged, the girl
+laughed at him.
+
+"Egad!" he declared. "But, before long, Miss, you'll be setting all
+the men by the ears."
+
+Prophetic words.
+
+
+IV
+
+During the interval that elapsed since they last met, Mrs. Craigie had
+troubled herself very little about the child she had sent to England.
+When, however, she received her portrait from Sir Jasper, together
+with a glowing description of her attractiveness and charm, the
+situation assumed a fresh aspect. Lola, she felt, had become an asset,
+instead of an anxiety; and, as such, must make a "good" marriage. Bath
+swarmed with detrimentals, and there was a risk of a pretty girl,
+bereft of a mother's watchful care, being snapped up by one of them.
+Possibly, a younger son, without a penny with which to bless himself.
+A shuddering prospect for an ambitious mother. Obviously, therefore,
+the thing to do was to get her daughter out to India and marry her off
+to a rich husband. The richer, the better.
+
+Mrs. Craigie went to work in business-like fashion, and cast a
+maternal eye over the "eligibles" she met at Government House. The one
+among them she ultimately selected as a really desirable son-in-law
+was a Calcutta judge, Sir Abraham Lumley. It was true he was more than
+old enough to be the girl's father, and was distinctly liverish. But
+this, she felt, was beside the point, since he had accumulated a vast
+number of rupees, and would, before long, retire on a snug pension.
+
+Sir Abraham was accordingly sounded. Hardened bachelor as he was, a
+single glance at Lola's portrait was enough to send his blood-pressure
+up to fever heat. In positive rapture at the idea of such fresh young
+loveliness becoming his, he declared himself ready to change his
+condition, and discussed handsome settlements.
+
+With everything thus cut and dried, as she considered, Mrs. Craigie
+took the next step in her programme. This was to leave India for
+England, during the autumn of 1836, and tell Lola of the "good news"
+in store for her. She was then to bring her back to Calcutta and the
+expectant arms of Sir Abraham.
+
+Honest Captain Craigie looked a little dubious when he was consulted.
+
+"Perhaps she won't care about him," he suggested.
+
+"Fiddlesticks!" retorted his wife. "Any girl would jump at the chance
+of being Lady Lumley. Think of the position."
+
+"I'm thinking of Lola," he said.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II
+
+"MARRIED IN HASTE"
+
+
+I
+
+Among the passengers accompanying Mrs. Craigie on the long voyage to
+Southampton was a Lieutenant Thomas James, a debonair young officer of
+the Bengal Infantry, who made himself very agreeable to her and with
+whom he exchanged many confidences. He was going home on a year's sick
+leave; and at the suggestion of his ship-board acquaintance he decided
+to spend the first month of it in Bath.
+
+"It's time I settled down," he said. "Who knows, but I might pick up a
+wife in Bath and take her back to India with me."
+
+"Who knows," agreed Mrs. Craigie, her match-making instincts aroused.
+"Bath is full of pretty girls."
+
+The meeting between mother and daughter developed very differently
+from the lines on which she had planned it. Contrary to what she had
+expected, Lola did not evince any marked readiness to fall in with
+them. Quite undazzled by the prospects of becoming Lady Lumley, and
+reclining on Sir Abraham's elderly bosom, she even went so far as to
+dub the learned judge a "gouty old rascal," and declared that nothing
+would induce her to marry him. Neither reproaches nor arguments had
+any effect. Nor would she exhibit the smallest interest in the
+trousseau for which (but without her knowledge) lavish orders had been
+given.
+
+Poor Mrs. Craigie could scarcely believe her ears. For a daughter to
+run counter to the wishes of her mother, and to snap her fingers at
+the chance of marrying a "title," was something she had considered
+impossible. What on earth were girls coming to, she wondered. Either
+the Paris "finishing school" or the Bath air had gone to her head. The
+times were out of joint, and the theory that daughters did what they
+were told was being rudely upset. It was all very disturbing.
+
+In her astonishment and annoyance, Mrs. Craigie took to her bed.
+However, she did not stop there long, for prompt measures had to be
+adopted. As it was useless to tackle Sir Jasper Nicolls (whom she held
+responsible for the upset to her plans) she sought counsel of somebody
+else. This was her military friend, who, as luck would have it, was
+still lingering in Bath, where he had evidently discovered some
+special attraction. After all, he was a "man of the world" and would
+know what to do. Accordingly, she summoned him to a consultation, and
+unburdened her mind on the subject of Lola's "oddness."
+
+"Of course, the girl's mad," she declared. "Nothing else would account
+for it. Can you imagine any girl in her senses turning up her nose at
+such a match? I never heard such rubbish. I'm sure I don't know what
+Sir Abraham will say. He expects her to join him in Calcutta by the
+end of the year. As a matter of fact, I've already booked her passage.
+The wedding is to be from our house there. Something will have to be
+done. The question is, what?"
+
+"Leave it to me," was the airy response. "I'll talk to her."
+
+Thomas James did "talk." He talked to some effect, but not at all in
+the fashion Mrs. Craigie had intended. Expressing sympathy with Lola,
+he declared himself entirely on her side. She was much too young and
+pretty and attractive, he said, to dream for an instant of marrying a
+man who was old enough to be her grandfather, and bury herself in
+India. The idea was ridiculous. He had a much better plan to offer.
+When Lola, smiling through her tears, asked him what it was, he said
+that she must run away with him and they would get married. Thus the
+problem of her future would be solved automatically.
+
+The luxuriant whiskers and dashing air of Lieutenant Thomas James did
+their work. Further, the suggestion was just the sort of thing that
+happened to heroines in novels. Lola Gilbert, young and romantic and
+inexperienced, succumbed. Watching her opportunity, she slipped out of
+the house early the next morning. Her lover had a post-chaise in
+readiness, and they set off in it for Bristol. There they took the
+packet and crossed over to Ireland, where James had relatives, who, he
+promised, would look after her until their marriage should be
+accomplished.
+
+"Elopement in High Life!" A tit-bit of gossip for the tea-tables and
+for the bucks at the clubs. No longer a sleepy hollow. Bath was in the
+"news."
+
+It was not until they were gone that Mrs. Craigie discovered what had
+happened. Her first reaction was one of furious indignation. This,
+however, was natural, for not only had her ambitious project gone
+astray, but she had been deceived by the very man she had trusted. It
+was more than enough to upset anybody, especially as she was also
+confronted with the unpleasant task of writing to Sir Abraham Lumley,
+and telling him what had happened. As a result, she announced that she
+would "wash her hands" of the pair of them.
+
+While it was one thing to run away, it was, as Lola soon discovered,
+another thing to get married. An unexpected difficulty presented
+itself, as the parish priest whom they consulted refused to perform
+the ceremony for so young a girl without being first assured of her
+mother's consent. Mrs. Craigie, erupting tears and threats, declined
+to give it. Thereupon, James's married sister, Mrs. Watson, sprang
+into the breach and pointed out that "things have gone so far that it
+is now too late to draw back, if scandal is to be avoided." The
+argument was effective; and, a reluctant consent having been secured,
+on July 23, 1837, the "position was regularised" by the
+bridegroom's brother, the Rev. John James, vicar of Rathbiggon, County
+Meath. "Thomas James, bachelor, Lieutenant, 21st Bengal Native
+Infantry, and Rose Anna Gilbert, condition, spinster," was the entry
+on the certificate.
+
+[Illustration: _Her Majesty's Theatre, Haymarket, where Lola Montez
+made her debut_]
+
+After a short honeymoon in Dublin, first at the Shamrock Hotel, and
+then in rather squalid lodgings (for cash was not plentiful), Lola was
+taken back to her husband's relatives. They lived in a dull Irish
+village on the edge of a peat bog, where the young bride found
+existence very boring. Then, too, when the glamour of the elopement
+had dimmed, it was obvious that her action in running away from Bath
+had been precipitate. Thomas, for all his luxuriant whiskers and dash,
+was, she reflected sadly, "nothing but the outside shell of a man,
+with neither a brain that she could respect nor a heart she could
+love." A sorry awakening from the dreams in which she had indulged. As
+a matter of fact, they had nothing in common. The husband, who was
+sixteen years his wife's senior, cared for little but hunting and
+drinking, and Lola's tastes were mainly for dancing and flirting.
+
+It was in Dublin, where, much to her satisfaction, her spouse was
+ordered on temporary duty, that she discovered a ready outlet for
+these activities.
+
+"Dear dirty Dublin" was, to Lola's way of thinking, a vast improvement
+on Rathbiggon. At any rate, there was "society," smart young officers
+and rising politicians, instead of clodhopping squireens and village
+boors, to talk to, and shops where the new fashions could be examined,
+and theatres with real London actors and actresses. If only she had
+had a little money to spend, she would have been perfectly happy. But
+Tom James had nothing beyond his pay, which scarcely kept him in
+cheroots and car fares. Still, this did not prevent him running up
+debts.
+
+The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland at that period was the Earl of Mulgrave
+("the Elegant Mulgrave"), afterwards Marquess of Normanby. A great
+admirer of pretty women, and fond of exercising the Viceregal
+privilege of kissing attractive debutantes, the drawing-rooms at the
+Castle were popular functions under his regime. He showed young Mrs.
+James much attention. The aides-de-camp, prominent among whom were
+Bernal Osborne and Francis Sheridan, followed the example thus set
+them by their chief; and tickets for balls and concerts and
+dinner-parties and drums and routs were showered upon her.
+
+Thinking that these compliments and attentions were being overdone,
+Lieutenant James took them amiss and elected to become jealous. He
+talked darkly of "calling out" one of his wife's admirers. But before
+there could be any early morning pistol-play in the Phoenix Park, an
+unexpected solution offered itself. Trouble was suddenly threatened on
+the Afghan frontier; and, in the summer of 1837, all officers on leave
+from India were ordered to rejoin their regiments. Welcoming the
+prospect of thus renewing her acquaintance with a country of which she
+still had pleasant memories, Lola set to work to pack her trunks.
+
+If she had followed the advice of a certain "travellers' handbook,"
+written by Miss Emma Roberts, that was then very popular, she must
+have had a considerable amount of baggage. Thus, according to this
+authority, the "List of Necessaries for a Lady on a Voyage from
+England to India" included, among other items, the following articles:
+"72 chemises; 36 nightcaps; 70 pocket-handkerchiefs; 30 pairs of
+drawers (or combinations, at choice); 15 petticoats; 60 pairs of
+stockings; 45 pairs of gloves; at least 20 dresses of different
+texture; 12 shawls and parasols; and 3 bonnets and 15 morning caps,
+together with biscuits and preserves at discretion, and a dozen boxes
+of aperient pills." Nothing omitted. Provision for all contingencies.
+
+Officers were also required to provide themselves with an elaborate
+outfit. Thus, the list recommended in the _East India Voyage_ gives,
+among other necessary items, "72 calico shirts; 60 pairs of stockings;
+18 pairs of drawers; 24 pairs of gloves; and 20 pairs of trousers";
+together with uniform, saddlery, and camp equipment; and such odds
+and ends as "60 lbs. of wax candles and several bottles of ink."
+Nothing, however, about red-tape.
+
+A helpful hint furnished by Miss Roberts was that "A lady on
+ship-board, spruced up for the Park or the Opera, would only be an
+object of ridicule to her experienced companions. Frippery which would
+be discarded in England is often useful in India. Members of my sex,"
+she adds, "who have to study economy, can always secure bargains by
+acquiring at small cost items of fashion which, while outmoded in
+London, will be new enough by the time they reach Calcutta."
+
+A lady with such sound views on managing the domestic budget as Miss
+Emma Roberts should not have remained long in single blessedness.
+
+
+II
+
+Those were not the days of ocean greyhounds, covering the distance
+between England and India in a couple of weeks. Nor was there then any
+Suez Canal route to shorten the long miles that had to be traversed.
+Thus, when Lola and her spouse embarked from England in an East
+Indiaman, the voyage took nearly five months to accomplish, with calls
+at Madeira, St. Helena, and the Cape, before the welcome cry, "Land
+Ahead!" was heard and anchor was dropped at Calcutta.
+
+Lola's first acquaintance with India's coral strand had been made as a
+child of five. Now she was returning as a married woman. Yet she was
+scarcely eighteen. She did not stop in Calcutta long, for her
+husband's regiment was in the Punjaub, and a peremptory message from
+the brigadier required him to rejoin as soon as possible. It was at
+Kurnaul (as it was then spelled) that Lola began her experience of
+garrison life. Among the other officers she met there was a young
+subaltern of the Bengal Artillery, who, in the years to come, was to
+make a name for himself as "Lawrence of Lucknow."
+
+The year 1838 was, for both the Company's troops and the Queen's Army,
+an eventful one where India was concerned. During the spring Lord
+Auckland, the newly-appointed Governor-General, hatched the foolish
+and ill-conceived policy which led to the first Afghan war. His idea
+(so far as he had one) was, with the help of Brown Bess and British
+bayonets, to replace Dost Muhammed, who had sat on the throne there
+for twenty years without giving any real trouble, by an incompetent
+upstart of his own nomination, Shah Shuja.
+
+Lieutenant James's regiment, the 21st Bengal Native Infantry, was
+among those selected to join the expeditionary force appointed to
+"uphold the prestige of the British Raj"; and, as was the custom at
+that time, Lola, mounted on an elephant (which she shared with the
+colonel's better half), and followed by a train of baggage camels and
+a pack of foxhounds complete, accompanied her husband to the frontier.
+The other ladies included Mrs. McNaghten and Mrs. Robert Sale and the
+Governor-General's two daughters. It is just possible that Macaulay
+had a glimpse of Lola, for a contemporary letter says that "he turned
+out to wish the party farewell."
+
+The "Army of the Indus" was given a good send off by a loyal native
+prince, Ranjeet Singh (the "Lion of the Punjaub"), who, on their march
+up country, entertained the column in a rest-camp at Lahore with "showy
+pageants and gay doings," among which were nautch dances, cock-fights,
+and theatricals. He meant well, no doubt, but he contrived to upset a
+chaplain, who declared himself shocked that a "bevy of dancing
+prostitutes should appear in the presence of the ladies of the family of
+a British Governor-General." Judging from a luscious account that Lola
+gives of a big durbar, to which all the officers and their wives were
+bidden, these strictures were not unjustifiable. Thus, after Lord
+Auckland ("in sky blue inexpressibles") and his host had delivered
+patriotic speeches (with florid allusions to the "British Raj," the
+"Sahib Log," and the "Great White Queen," and all the rest of it) gifts
+were distributed among the assembled company. Some of these were of an
+embarrassing description, since they took the form of "beautiful
+Circassian slave maidens, covered with very little beyond precious
+gems." To the obvious annoyance, however, of a number of prospective
+recipients, "the Rajah was officially informed that English custom and
+military regulations alike did not permit Her Majesty's warriors to
+accept such tokens of goodwill."
+
+But, if they could not receive them, the guests had to make presents
+in turn, and Ranjeet Singh for his part had no qualms about accepting
+them. With true Oriental politeness, and "without moving a muscle," he
+registered rapture at a "miscellaneous collection of imitation gold
+and silver trinkets and rusty old pistols offered him on behalf of the
+Honourable East India Company."
+
+A correspondent of the _Calcutta Englishman_ was much impressed. "The
+particular gift," he says, "before which the Maharajah bent with the
+devotion of a _preux chevalier_ was a full-length portrait of our
+gracious little Queen, from the brush of the Hon. Miss Eden herself."
+
+In a letter from Lord Auckland's military secretary, the Hon. William
+Osborne, there is an account of these doings at Lahore:
+
+     Ranjeet has entertained us all most handsomely. No one in
+     the camp is allowed to purchase a single thing; and a list
+     is sent round twice a week in which you put down just what
+     you require, and it is furnished at his expense. It costs
+     him 25,000 rupees a day. Nothing could exceed his liberality
+     and friendship during the whole of the Governor-General's
+     visit.
+
+A second durbar, held at Simla, was accompanied by much florid
+imagery, all of which had to be interpreted for the benefit of Lord
+Auckland. "It took a quarter of an hour," says his sister, "to satisfy
+him about the Maharajah's health, and to ascertain that the roses had
+bloomed in the garden of friendship, and the nightingales had sung in
+the bowers of affection sweeter than ever since the two Powers had
+approached each other."
+
+The Afghan campaign, as ill conceived as it was ill carried out,
+followed its appointed course. That is to say, it was punctuated by
+"regrettable incidents" and quarrels among the generals (two of whom,
+Sir Henry Fane and Sir John Keane, were not on speaking terms); and,
+with the Afghans living to fight another day, a "success for British
+arms" was announced. Thereupon, the column returned to India, bands
+playing, elephants trumpeting a salute, and guns thundering a welcome.
+"The war," declared His Excellency (who had received an earldom) in an
+official despatch, "is all over." Unfortunately, however, it was all
+over Afghanistan, with the result that there had to be another
+campaign in the following year. This time, not even Lord Auckland's
+imagination could call it "successful."
+
+"There will be a great deal of prize money," was the complacent
+fashion in which Miss Eden summed up the situation. "Another man has
+been put on the Khelat throne, so that business is finished." But it
+was not finished. It was only just beginning. "Within six months,"
+says Edward Thompson, "Khelat was recaptured by a son of the slain
+Khan, Lord Auckland's puppet ejected, and the English commander of the
+garrison murdered."
+
+Although the expedition that followed was the subject of a highly
+eulogistic despatch from the Commander-in-Chief and the big-wigs at
+headquarters, a number of "regrettable incidents" were officially
+admitted. As a result, a regiment of Light Cavalry was disbanded, "as
+a punishment for poltroonery in the hour of trial and the dastards
+struck off the Army List."
+
+Later on, when Lord Ellenborough was Governor-General, a bombastic
+memorandum, addressed "To all the Princes and Chiefs and People of
+India," was issued by him:
+
+"Our victorious army bears the gates of the Temple of Somnauth in
+triumph from Afghanistan, and the despoiled tomb of Sultan Mahmood
+looks down upon the ruins of Ghuznee. The insult of 800 years is at
+last avenged!
+
+"To you I shall commit this glorious trophy of successful war. You
+will yourselves with all honour transmit the gates of sandalwood to
+the restored Temple of Somnauth.
+
+"May that good Providence, which has hitherto so manifestly protected
+me, still extend to me its favour, that I may so use the power
+entrusted to my hands to advance your prosperity and happiness by
+placing the union of our two countries upon foundations that may
+render it eternal."
+
+There was a good deal more in a similar style, for his lordship loved
+composing florid despatches. But this one had a bad reception when it
+was sent home to England. "At this puerile piece of business," says
+the plain spoken Stocqueler, "the commonsense of the British community
+at large revolted. The ministers of religion protested against it as a
+most unpardonable homage to an idolatrous temple. Ridiculed by the
+Press of India and England, and laughed at by the members of his own
+party in Parliament, Lord Ellenborough halted the gates at Agra, and
+postponed the completion of the monstrous folly he had more than begun
+to perpetrate."
+
+Severe as was this criticism, it was not unmerited. Ellenborough's
+theatrical bombast, like that of Napoleon at the Pyramids, recoiled
+upon him, bringing a hornets' nest about his own ears and leading to
+his recall. As a matter of fact, too, the gates which he held in such
+reverence were found to be replicas of the pair that the Sultan
+Mahmood had pilfered from Somnauth; and were not of sandalwood at all,
+but of common deal.
+
+
+III
+
+While following the drum from camp to camp and from station to
+station, Lola spent several months in Bareilly, a town that was
+afterwards to play an important part in the Mutiny. Colonel Durand, an
+officer who was present when the city was captured in 1858, says that
+the bungalow she occupied there was destroyed. Yet, the mutineers, he
+noticed, had spared the bath house that had been built for her in the
+compound.
+
+During the hot weather of 1839, young Mrs. James, accompanied by her
+husband, went off to Simla for a month on a visit to her mother, who,
+yielding to pressure, had at last held out the olive-branch. The
+welcome, however--except from Captain Craigie, who still had a warm
+corner in his heart for her--was somewhat frigid.
+
+There is a reference to this visit in _Up the Country_, a once popular
+book by Lord Auckland's sister, the Hon. Emily Eden. Following the coy
+fashion of the period, however, she always refrained from giving a
+name in full, but would merely allude to people as "Colonel A," "Mr.
+B," "Mrs. C," and "Miss D," etc. Still, the identities of "Mrs. J" and
+"Mrs. C" in this extract are clear enough:
+
+     _September 8, 1839._
+
+     Simla is much moved just now by the arrival of a Mrs. J, who
+     has been talked of as a great beauty all the year, and that
+     drives every other woman quite distracted.... Mrs. J is the
+     daughter of a Mrs. C, who is still very handsome herself,
+     and whose husband is deputy-adjutant-general, or some
+     military authority of that kind. She sent this only child to
+     be educated at home, and went home herself two years ago to
+     see her. In the same ship was Mr. J, a poor ensign, going
+     home on sick leave. He told her he was engaged to be
+     married, consulted her about his prospects, and in the
+     meantime privately married this child at school. It was
+     enough to provoke any mother; but, as it now cannot be
+     helped, we have all been trying to persuade her for the last
+     year to make it up. She has withstood it till now, but at
+     last has consented to ask them for a month, and they arrived
+     three days ago.
+
+     The rush on the road was remarkable. But nothing could be
+     more satisfactory than the result, for Mrs. J looked
+     lovely, and Mrs. C has set up for her a very grand jonpaun,
+     with bearers in fine orange and brown liveries; and J is a
+     sort of smart-looking man with bright waistcoats and bright
+     teeth, with a showy horse, and he rode along in an attitude
+     of respectful attention to _ma belle mere_. Altogether, it
+     was an imposing sight, and I cannot see any way out of it
+     but magnanimous admiration.
+
+During this visit to Simla the couple were duly bidden to dine at
+Auckland House, on Elysium Hill, where they met His Excellency.
+
+"We had a dinner yesterday," wrote their hostess. "Mrs. J is
+undoubtedly very pretty, and such a merry unaffected girl. She is only
+seventeen now, and does not look so old; and when one thinks that she
+is married to a junior lieutenant in the Indian Army, fifteen years
+older than herself, and that they have 160 rupees a month, and are to
+pass their whole lives in India, I do not wonder at Mrs. C's
+resentment at her having run away from school."
+
+Writing to Lady Teresa Lister in England, Miss Eden gives an
+entertaining account of Simla at this date:
+
+     Everybody has been pleased and amused, except the two
+     clergymen who are here, and who have begun a course of
+     sermons against what they call a destructive torrent of
+     worldly gaiety. They had much better preach against the
+     destructive torrent of rain which has now set in for the
+     next three months, and not only washes away all gaiety, but
+     all the paths, in the literal sense, which lead to it.... I
+     do not count Simla as any grievance--nice climate, beautiful
+     place, constant fresh air, plenty of fleas, not much
+     society, everything that is desirable.
+
+In another letter, this indefatigable correspondent remarks:
+
+     Here, society is not much trouble, nor much anything else.
+     We give sundry dinners and occasional balls, and have hit
+     upon one popular device. Our band plays twice a week on one
+     of the hills here, and we send ices and refreshments to the
+     listeners, and it makes a nice little reunion with very
+     little trouble.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A further reference to the amenities of Government House at Simla
+during the Aucklands' regime is instructive, as showing that it was
+not a case of all work and no play:
+
+There are about ninety-six ladies here whose husbands are gone to the
+wars, and about twenty-six gentlemen--at least, there will, with good
+luck, be about that number. We have a very dancing set of
+aides-de-camp just now, and they are utterly desperate at the notion
+of our having no balls. I suppose we must begin on one in a fortnight;
+but it will be difficult, and there are several young ladies here with
+whom some of our gentlemen are much smitten. As they will have no
+rivals here, I am horribly afraid the flirtations may become serious,
+and then we shall lose some active aides-de-camp, and they will find
+themselves on ensign's pay with a wife to keep. However, they _will_
+have these balls, so it is not my fault.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+After she had left Simla and its round of gaieties, Lola was to have
+another meeting with the hospitable Aucklands. This took place in camp
+at Kurnaul, "a great ugly cantonment, all barracks and dust and guns
+and soldiers." Miss Eden, who was accompanying her brother on a tour
+through the district, wrote to her sister in England:
+
+_November 13, 1839._
+
+     We were at home in the evening, and it was an immense party;
+     but, except that pretty Mrs. J, who was at Simla, and who
+     looked like a star among the others, the women were all
+     plain.
+
+[Illustration: _Benjamin Lumley. Lessee of Her Majesty's Theatre_]
+
+A couple of days later, she added some further particulars:
+
+     We left Kurnaul yesterday morning. Little Mrs. J was so
+     unhappy at our going that we asked her to come and pass
+     the day here, and brought her with us. She went from tent to
+     tent and chattered all day and visited her friend, Mrs. M,
+     who is with the camp. I gave her a pink silk gown, and it
+     was altogether a very happy day for her evidently. It ended
+     in her going back to Kurnaul on my elephant, with E.N. by
+     her side, and Mr. J sitting behind. She had never been on an
+     elephant before, and thought it delightful.
+
+     She is very pretty, and a good little thing apparently. But
+     they are very poor, and she is very young and lively, and if
+     she falls into bad hands, she would laugh herself into
+     foolish scrapes. At present the husband and wife are very
+     fond of each other, but a girl who marries at fifteen hardly
+     knows what she likes.
+
+When she wrote this passage, Miss Eden might have been a Sibyl, for
+her words were to become abundantly true.
+
+
+IV
+
+Except when on active service, officers of the Company's Army were not
+overworked. Everything was left to the sergeants and corporals; and,
+while Thomas Atkins and Jack Sepoy trudged in the dust and sweated and
+drilled in their absurd stocks and tight tunics, the commissioned
+ranks, lolling in barracks, killed the long hours as they pleased.
+
+Following form, Captain James (the Afghan business had brought him a
+step in rank) did a certain amount of tiger-shooting and pig-sticking,
+and a good deal of brandy-swilling, combined with card-playing and
+gambling. As a husband, he was not a conspicuous success. "He slept,"
+complained Lola, feeling herself neglected, "like a boa-constrictor,"
+and, during the intervals of wakefulness, "drank too much porter." The
+result was, there were quarrels, instead of love-making, for they both
+had tempers.
+
+"Runaway matches, like runaway horses," Lola had once written, "are
+almost sure to end in a smash-up." In this case there was a
+"smash-up," for Tom James was not always sleeping and drinking. He had
+other activities. If fond of a glass, he was also fond of a lass. The
+one among them for whom he evinced a special fondness was a Mrs.
+Lomer, the wife of a brother officer, the adjutant of his regiment.
+His partiality was reciprocated.
+
+One morning when, without any suspicion of what was in store for them,
+Mrs. James and Adjutant Lomer sat down to their _chota-hazree_, two
+members of the accustomed breakfast party were missing. Enquiries
+having been set on foot, the fact was elicited that Captain James and
+Mrs. Lomer had gone out for an early ride. It must have been a long
+one, thought the camp, as they did not appear at dinner that evening.
+Messengers sent to look for them came back with a disturbing report.
+This was to the effect that the couple had slipped off to the Nilgiri
+Hills and had decided to stop there.
+
+The next morning a panting native brought a letter from the errant
+lady addressed to her furious spouse. This missive is (without
+explaining how he got it) reproduced by an American journalist, T.
+Everett Harre, in a series of articles, _The Heavenly Sinner_: "I
+suggest," runs an extract, "you come to your senses and give me my
+freedom ... I am going with a man of parts who knows how to give a
+woman the attentions she craves, and is himself glad to shake off a
+young chit of a wife who is too brainless to appreciate him."
+
+A first-class sensation. The entire cantonment throbbed and buzzed
+with excitement. The colonel fumed; the adjutant cursed; and there was
+talk of bringing the Don Juan Captain James to a court-martial for
+"conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman." But Lola, as was her
+custom, took it philosophically, doubtless reflecting that she was
+well rid of a spouse for whom she no longer cared, and went back to
+her mother in Calcutta.
+
+Mrs. Craigie's maternal heart-strings should have been wrung by the
+unhappy position of her daughter. They were not wrung. The clandestine
+marriage, with the upsetting of her own plans, still rankled and
+remained unforgiven and unforgotten. As a result, when she asked for
+shelter and sympathy, Lola received a very frigid welcome. Her
+step-father, however, took her part, and declared that his bungalow
+was open to her until other arrangements could be made for her future.
+Not being possessed of much imagination, his idea was that she should
+leave India temporarily and stop for a few months in Scotland with his
+brother, Mr. David Craigie, a man of substance and Provost of Perth.
+After an interval for reflection there, he felt that the differences
+of opinion that had arisen between her husband and herself would
+become adjusted, and the young couple resume marital relations.
+Accordingly, he wrote to his brother, asking him to meet her when she
+arrived in London and escort her to Perth.
+
+Lola, however, while professing complete agreement, had other views as
+to her future. She wanted neither a reconciliation with her husband
+nor a second experience of life with the Craigie family in Scotland.
+One such had been more than sufficient, but she was careful not to
+breathe a word on the subject. She kept her own counsel, and matured
+her own plans.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III
+
+THE CONSISTORY COURT
+
+
+I
+
+Sailing from Calcutta for London in an East Indiaman, at the end of
+1840, Lola was consigned by her step-father to the "special care" of a
+Mrs. Sturgis who was among the passengers. He obviously felt the
+parting. "Big salt tears," says Lola, "coursed down his cheeks," when
+he wished her a last farewell. He also gave her his blessing; and,
+what was more negotiable, a cheque for L1000. The two never met again.
+
+But although she had left India's coral strand, a memory of her
+lingered there for many years. In this connection, Sir Walter Lawrence
+says that he once found himself in a cantonment that had been deserted
+so long that it was swallowed up by the ever advancing jungle. "A
+wizened villager," he says, "recalled a high-spirited and beautiful
+girl, the young wife of an officer, who would creep up and push him
+into the water. 'Ah,' he said, with a smile of affection, 'she was a
+_badmash_, but she was always very kind to me.' She was better known
+afterwards as Lola Montez."
+
+At Madras a number of fresh comers joined the good ship _Larkins_ in
+which Lola was proceeding to England. Among them was a certain Captain
+Lennox, aide-de-camp to Lord Elphinstone, the Governor. An agreeable
+young man, and very different from the missionaries and civil servants
+who formed the bulk of the other male passengers. Lola and himself
+were soon on good terms. "Too good," was the acid comment of the
+ladies in whose society Captain Lennox exhibited no interest. The
+couple were inseparable. They sat at the same table in the saloon;
+they paced the deck together, arm in arm, on the long hot nights,
+preferring dark and unfrequented corners; their chairs adjoined; their
+cabins adjoined; and, so the shocked whisper ran, they sometimes
+mistook the one for the other.
+
+"Anybody can make a mistake in the dark," said Lola, when Mrs.
+Sturgis, remembering Captain Craigie's injunctions, and resolved at
+all costs to fulfil her trust, ventured on a remonstrance.
+
+Ninety years ago, travellers had to "rough it;" and the conditions
+governing a voyage from India to England were very different from
+those that now obtain. None of the modern amenities had any place in
+the accepted routine. Thus, no deck sports; no jazz band; no
+swimming-pool; no cocktail bar; not even a sweepstake on the day's
+run.
+
+But time had to be killed; and, as a young grass widow, Mrs. James
+felt that flirting was the best way of getting through it. Captain
+Lennox was the only man on board ship with whom she had anything in
+common. He was sympathetic, good-looking, and attentive. Also, he
+swore that he was "madly in love with her." The old, old story; but it
+did its work. Before the vessel berthed in London docks, Lola had come
+to a decision. A momentous decision. She would give David Craigie the
+slip, and, listening to his blandishments, cast in her lot with George
+Lennox.
+
+"I'll look after you," he said reassuringly. "Trust me for that, my
+dear."
+
+Lola did trust him. In fact, she trusted him to such an extent that,
+on reaching London, she stopped with him at the Imperial Hotel in
+Covent Garden; and then, when the manageress of that establishment
+took upon herself to make pointed criticisms, at his rooms in Pall
+Mall.
+
+Naturally enough, this sort of thing could not be hushed up for long.
+Meaning nods and winks greeted the dashing Lennox when he appeared at
+his club. Tongues wagged briskly. Some of them even wagged in distant
+Calcutta, where they were heard by Lola's husband. Ignoring his own
+amorous dalliance with a brother officer's spouse, he elected to feel
+injured. Resolved to assert himself, he got into touch with his London
+solicitors and instructed them to take the preliminary steps to
+dissolve his marriage. The first of these was to bring an action for
+what was then politely dubbed "crim. con." against the man he alleged
+to have "wronged" him.
+
+The lawyers would not be hurried; and things moved in leisurely
+fashion. Still, they moved to their appointed end; and, the necessary
+red tape being unwound, interrogatories administered, and the evidence
+of prying chambermaids and hotel servants collected and examined, in
+May, 1841, the case of James v. Lennox got into the list and was heard
+by Lord Denman and a special jury in the Court of Queen's Bench. Sir
+William Follett, the Solicitor-General, was briefed on behalf of the
+plaintiff, and Frederick Thesiger appeared for Captain Lennox.
+
+In his opening address, Sir William Follett (who had not been too well
+instructed) told the jury that the petitioner and his wife "had lived
+very happily together in India, and that the return of Mrs. James to
+England was due to a fall from her horse at Calcutta." While on the
+passage home, he continued, pulling out his _vox humana_ stop, the
+ship touched at Madras, where the defendant came on board; and,
+"during the long voyage, an intimacy sprang up between Mrs. James and
+himself which developed in a fashion that left the outraged husband no
+choice but to institute the present proceedings to recover damages for
+having been wantonly robbed of the affection and society of his
+consort."
+
+At this point, counsel for Captain Lennox (who, in pusillanimous
+fashion, had loved and sailed away, rather than stop and help the
+woman he had compromised) cut short his learned friend's tearful
+eloquence by admitting that he was prepared to accept a verdict, with
+L1000 damages. As the judge agreed, the case was abruptly terminated.
+
+This, however, was only the first round. In December of the following
+year, the next step was adopted, and a suit for divorce was commenced
+in the Consistory Court. As neither Mrs. James nor the Lothario-like
+Captain Lennox put in an appearance, Dr. Lushington, declaring himself
+satisfied that misconduct had been committed, pronounced a decree _a
+mensa et thoro_. All that this amounted to was merely a judicial
+separation.
+
+The report in _The Times_ only ran to a dozen lines. Considering that
+the paper cost fivepence a copy, this was not a very liberal
+allowance. Still, readers had better value in respect of another
+action in "high life" that was heard the same day, that of Lord and
+Lady Graves, which had a full column allotted it.
+
+
+II
+
+This was all that the public knew of the case. It did not seem much on
+which to blast a young wife's reputation. Dr. Lushington, the judge of
+the Consistory Court, however, knew a good deal more about the
+business than did the general public. This was because, during the
+preliminary hearing, held some months earlier and attended only by
+counsel and solicitors, a number of damaging facts had transpired.
+
+Mrs. James, said learned counsel for the petitioner, had "been guilty
+of behaviour at which a crocodile would tremble and blush." A serious
+charge to bring against a young woman. Still, in answer to the judge,
+he professed himself equipped with ample evidence to support it. His
+first witness was a retired civil servant, a Mr. Browne Roberts, who
+had known the respondent's husband, first, as a bachelor in India, and
+afterwards as a married man in Dublin. At the beginning of 1841, he
+had received a call, he said, from a Major McMullen to whom Captain
+Craigie had written, asking him to take charge of his step-daughter on
+her arrival in London and see her off to his relatives in Scotland.
+When, however, the major offered this hospitality, it was refused.
+Thereupon, Mr. Roberts had himself called at the Imperial Hotel,
+Covent Garden, and suggested that she should come and stop with his
+wife; and this invitation was also refused.
+
+Not much in this perhaps, but a good deal in what followed. Mrs.
+Elizabeth Walters, the manageress of the Imperial Hotel, said that on
+February 21, 1841, "a lady and gentleman arrived in a hackney cab,
+with luggage marked G. Lennox and Mrs. James, and booked a double
+room." Mrs. Walters had not, she admitted, "actually discovered them
+undressed, or sharing the bed," but "she would not have been surprised
+to have done so." Accordingly, when her travelling companion left the
+next morning, she taxed Mrs. James with misconduct. After telling her
+to "mind her own business," Mrs. James had declared that she and
+Captain Lennox were on the point of being married, and had then packed
+up and left the establishment.
+
+"What exactly did she say?" enquired the judge.
+
+"She said, 'what I choose to do is my own affair and nobody else's.'"
+
+On leaving the somewhat arid hospitality of the Covent Garden Hotel,
+Mrs. James had removed to a lodging-house just off Pall Mall, where
+she stopped for a month. Mrs. Martin, the proprietress, told the court
+that, during this period, Captain Lennox settled the bill, and "called
+there every day, often stopping till all hours of the night."
+
+The testimony of Mrs. Sarah Watson, the sister of Captain James, was
+that her brother had written to her in the autumn of 1840, saying that
+his wife had been thrown from her horse and was coming to England for
+medical treatment; and that he had written to his aunt, Mrs. Rae, of
+Edinburgh, suggesting that his wife should stop with her. Mrs. Watson,
+having "been told things," then called on Mrs. James in Covent Garden.
+"I spoke to her," she said, "of the shocking rumour that Captain
+Lennox had passed a night with her there, and pointed out the
+unutterable ruin that would result from a continuance of such
+deplorable conduct. I begged her to entrust herself to the care of
+Mrs. Rae. My entreaties were ineffectual. She positively declared,
+affirming with an oath, that she would do nothing of the kind."
+
+Among the passengers on board the East Indiaman by which Mrs. James
+had voyaged to England was Mrs. Ingram, the captain's wife. "The
+conduct of Mrs. James," she said, "was unguarded in the extreme, and
+her general behaviour was what is sometimes called flirting." Captain
+Ingram, who followed, had a still more disturbing story to recount.
+"On several occasions," he said, "I heard Mrs. James address the
+gentleman who joined us at Madras as 'Dear Lennox,' and she would even
+admit him to the privacy of her cabin while the other passengers were
+attending divine service on deck. When I spoke to her about it, she
+answered me in a very cool fashion."
+
+All this was distinctly damaging. The real sensation, however, was
+provided by Caroline Marden, a stewardess.
+
+"During the voyage from Madras," she told the astonished judge, "I
+more than once saw Captain Lennox lacing up Mrs. James's stays."
+
+"Did you see anything else?" faltered counsel.
+
+"Yes, I also saw her actually putting on her stockings while Captain
+Lennox was in her cabin!"
+
+There were limits to intimacies between the sexes. This was clearly
+among them. For a man to assist in adjusting a woman's stays, and
+watch her changing her stockings, could, in the opinion of the learned
+and experienced Dr. Lushington, only lead to one result. The worst
+result. Hence, he had no difficulty in pronouncing the decree for
+which the husband was applying.
+
+
+III
+
+All James had got for his activities in bringing his action was a
+divorce _a mensa et thoro_, that is, "from bed and board." But, while
+it was all he got, this measure of relief was probably all he wanted,
+as he was not contemplating a second experiment in matrimony, either
+with Mrs. Lomer or anybody else. Where his discarded wife was
+concerned, she would have to shift for herself. She no longer had any
+legal claim upon him; nor could she marry again during his lifetime.
+Her position was a somewhat pathetic one. Thus, she was alone and
+friendless; besmirched in reputation; abandoned by her husband; and
+deserted by her lover. But she still had her youth and her courage.
+
+The London of the 1840's, where Lola found herself cast adrift, was a
+curious microcosm and full of contrasts. A mixture of unabashed
+blackguardism and cloistered prudery; of double-beds and primness; of
+humbug and frankness; of liberty and restraint; of lust and license;
+of brutal horse-play passing for "wit," and of candour marching with
+cant. The working classes scarcely called their souls their own; women
+and children mercilessly exploited by smug profiteers; the "Song of
+the Shirt"; Gradgrind and Boanerges holding high festival; Tom and
+Jerry (on their last legs) and Corinthians wrenching off door knockers
+and upsetting policemen; and Exeter Hall and the Cider Cellars both in
+full swing. Altogether, an ill place of sojourn for an unprotected
+young woman.
+
+Exactly how this one supported herself during the next few months is
+not very clear, for, if she kept a diary, she never published it.
+According, however, to a Sunday organ, "she entangled the virtuous
+Earl of Malmesbury in a delicate kind of newspaper correspondence, an
+assertion having been made in public that she visited that pious
+nobleman at his own house." An odd story (of American origin, and
+quite unfounded) has it that, about this period, she established
+contact with a certain Jean Francois Montez, "an individual of immense
+wealth who lavished a fortune on her"; and Edward Blanchard, a hack
+dramatist of Drury Lane, contributes the somewhat unhelpful remark,
+"She became a Bohemian." Perhaps she did. But she had to discover a
+second career that would bring a little more grist to the mill. Such a
+course was imperative, since the balance of the L1000 her
+step-father had given her would not last indefinitely. Looking round,
+she felt that, all things considered, the stage offered the best
+prospects of earning a livelihood. Not a very novel decision.
+Nowadays, as an attractive young woman, with a little capital in her
+possession, she would have had more choice. Thus, she might have
+opened a hat shop, or run tea-rooms, or bred pet dogs, become a
+mannequin, or a dance club hostess, or even "gone on the films." But
+none of these avenues to feminine employment existed in the
+eighteen-forties. Hence, it was the footlights or nothing.
+
+[Illustration: _Lola Montez, "Spanish Dancer." Debut at Her Majesty's
+Theatre_]
+
+She had the sense to put herself in the hands of an instructress. The
+one she selected was Fanny Kelly ("the only woman to whom Charles Lamb
+had screwed up sufficient courage to propose marriage"), who conducted
+a school of acting. Being honest, as well as capable, Miss Kelly took
+the measure of the would-be Ophelia very promptly.
+
+"You'll never make an actress," was her decision. "You've no talent
+for it."
+
+But, if the applicant had no talent, the other saw that she had
+something else. This was a pair of shapely legs, which, as a
+ballet-dancer, could yet twinkle in front of the footlights.
+
+This opinion being shared by its recipient, she lost no time in
+adopting it. As a preliminary, she went to Madrid. There, under expert
+tuition, she learned to rattle the castanets, and practised the bolero
+and the cachucha, as well as the classic arabesques and entrechats and
+the technique accompanying them. But she did not advance much beyond
+the simplest steps, for the time at her disposal was short, and the
+art of the ballerina is not to be acquired without years of unceasing
+study.
+
+According to a French journalist, an "English Milord" made Lola's
+acquaintance in Madrid. This was Lord Malmesbury, "who was so dazzled
+by the purity of her Spanish accent that he adopted her as a
+_compagnon de voyage_, and shared with her the horrors of bad cooking
+and the joys of nights in Granada." This fact, however, if it be a
+fact, is not to be found in the volume of "memoirs" that he
+afterwards published.
+
+Still, it seems that Lord Malmesbury did meet Lola. His own account of
+the incident is that, on returning to England from abroad, in the
+spring of the year 1843, he was asked by the Spanish Consul at
+Southampton to escort to London a young woman who had just landed
+there. He found her, he says, "a remarkably handsome person, who was
+in deep mourning and who appeared to be in great distress." While they
+were alone in the railway carriage, he improved the occasion and
+extracted from his travelling companion the story of her life.
+
+"She informed me," he says, "in bad English that she was the widow of
+Don Diego Leon, who had lately been shot by the Carlists after he was
+taken prisoner, and that she was going to London to sell some Spanish
+property that she possessed, and give lessons in singing, as she was
+very poor."
+
+Notwithstanding his diplomatic training, Lord Malmesbury swallowed
+this story, as well as much else with which it was embroidered. One
+thing led to another; and the acquaintance thus fortuitously begun in
+a railway carriage was continued in London. There he got up a concert
+for her benefit at his town house, where, in addition to singing
+Castilian ballads, his protegee sold veils and fans among the
+audience; and he also gave her an introduction to a theatrical
+manager, with results that neither of them had foreseen.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV
+
+FLARE OF THE FOOTLIGHTS
+
+
+I
+
+Times change. When Lola returned to London a passage through the
+divorce court was not regarded as a necessary qualification for stage
+aspirants. Also, being well aware that, to ensure a good reception, a
+foreign-sounding name was desirable, this one decided to adopt that of
+Lola Montez. This, she felt, would, among other advantages,
+effectively mask her identity with that of Mrs. Thomas James, an
+identity she was anxious to shed.
+
+Her plans were soon made. On the morning after her arrival, she
+presented her letter of introduction to the impressario of Her
+Majesty's Theatre, in the Haymarket. This position was held by an
+affable Hebrew, one Benjamin Lumley, an ex-solicitor, who had
+abandoned his parchments and bills of costs and acquired a lease of
+Her Majesty's. The house had long been looked upon as something of a
+white elephant in the theatrical jungle; but Lumley, being pushful and
+knowledgeable, soon built up a valuable following and set the
+establishment on its legs.
+
+As luck would have it, Lola's interview with him came at just the
+right moment, for he was alternating ballet with opera and was in want
+of a fresh attraction. Convinced that he recognised it in his caller
+(or, perhaps, anxious to please Lord Malmesbury), he offered her an
+engagement there and then to dance a _pas seul_ between the acts of
+_Il Barbiere di Seviglia_.
+
+"If you make a hit," he said, "you shall have a contract for the rest
+of the season. It all depends on yourself."
+
+Lola, wanting nothing better, left the managerial office, treading on
+air.
+
+As was his custom, Lumley cultivated the critics, and would receive
+them in his sanctum whenever he had a novel attraction to submit.
+
+"I have a surprise for you in my next programme," he said, when the
+champagne and cigars had been discussed. "This is that I have secured
+Donna Lola, a Spanish dancer, direct from Seville. She is, I assure
+you, deliciously beautiful and remarkably accomplished. I pledge you
+my word, gentlemen, she will create a positive _furore_ here."
+
+In 1843 dramatic critics had the privilege of attending rehearsals and
+penetrating behind the scenes. One of their number, adopting the
+pseudonym "Q," has left an account of the manner in which he first met
+Lola Montez. He had called on Lumley for a gossip, and was invited by
+that authority to descend to the stage and watch his new acquisition
+practising a dance there.
+
+"At that period," he says, "her figure was even more attractive than
+her face, lovely as the latter was. Lithe and graceful as a young
+fawn, every movement she made was instinct with melody. Her dark eyes
+were blazing and flashing with excitement, for she felt that I was
+willing to admire her.... As she swept round the stage, her slender
+waist swayed to the music, and her graceful head and neck bent with it
+like a flower that bends with the impulse given to its stem by the
+fitful temper of the wind."
+
+Lumley was tactful enough to leave the pressman alone with the star.
+As the latter promised to "give her a good puff in his paper," Lola,
+who never missed an opportunity, made herself specially agreeable to
+him. Her bright eyes did their work. "When we separated," says "Q" in
+his reminiscences, "I found myself tumbled heels over head into the
+profound depths of that which the French call a _grande passion_."
+
+Lumley's next step was to draw up an announcement of the promised
+novelty for inclusion in the programme:
+
+     HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE
+
+     June 3, 1843
+
+     SPECIAL ATTRACTION!
+
+     Mr. Benjamin Lumley begs to announce that, between the acts
+     of the Opera, DONNA LOLA MONTEZ, of the Teatro Real,
+     Seville, will have the honour to make her first appearance
+     in England in the Original Spanish dance El Oleano.
+
+After the cast list had been set out the rest of the reading matter on
+the programme was given up to advertisements. Some of them would
+appear to have been selected rather at haphazard. At any rate, their
+special appeal to music lovers was a little difficult to follow. Thus,
+one was of "Jackson's patent enema machines, as patronised by the
+nobility (either sex) when travelling"; another of "Mrs. Rodd's
+anatomical ladies' stays (which ensure the wearer a figure of
+astonishing symmetry";) and another of a "Brilliant burlesque ballad,
+'Get along, Rosey,' sung with the most positive triumph every evening
+by Madame Vestris."
+
+With much satisfaction, Manager Lumley, taking a preliminary peep at
+the crowded house, saw that a particularly "smart" audience was
+assembled on the night of June 3. The list of "fashionables" he handed
+to the reporters resembled an extract from the pages of Messrs. Burke
+and Debrett. Thus, the Royal Box was graced by the Queen Dowager, with
+the King of Hanover and Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar for her guests;
+and, dotted about the pit tier (then the fashionable part of the
+house) were the Duke and Duchess of Wellington, the Marquess and
+Marchioness of Granby, Lord and Lady Brougham, and the Baroness de
+Rothschild, with the Belgian Minister, Count Esterhazy, and Baron
+Talleyrand. Even the occupants of the pit had to accept an official
+intimation that "only black trousers will be allowed." Her Majesty's
+had a standard, and Lumley insisted on its observance.
+
+That long familiar feature, "Fops' Alley," having disappeared from the
+auditorium, the modish thing for unattached men was to make up a party
+and hire an omnibus-box; and from that position to pronounce judgment
+upon the legs of the dancers pirouetting in wispy gauze on the stage.
+Then, when the curtain fell, they would be privileged to go behind the
+scenes and chat with the coryphees.
+
+On the evening of Lola's debut one of the omnibus-boxes was occupied
+by Lord Ranelagh, a raffish mid-Victorian roue, who had brought with
+him a select party of "Corinthians" in frilled shirts and flowered
+waistcoats. It was observed that he paid but languid attention to the
+opera. As soon, however, as the promised novelty, _El Oleano_, was
+reached, he exhibited a sudden interest and pushed his chair forward.
+
+"We shall see some fun in a moment," he whispered. "Mind you fellows
+keep quiet until I give the word."
+
+
+II
+
+A little ominous, perhaps, that the Haymarket entrepreneur should bear
+the same name as the Calcutta judge who had unsuccessfully sought her
+hand. But Lola experienced no qualms. As she stood at the wings, in a
+black satin bodice and much flounced pink silk skirt, waiting for her
+cue, Lumley passed her with a nod of encouragement.
+
+"Capital," he said, rubbing his whiskers. "Most attractive. You'll be
+a big success, my dear."
+
+As he moved off, a bell tinkled in the prompt corner. In response, the
+conductor lifted his baton; the heavy curtains were drawn aside; and,
+under a cross-fire of opera glasses, Lola bounded on to the stage and
+executed her initial piroutte. There was a sudden hush, as, at the
+finish of the number, she stepped up to the footlights and awaited the
+verdict. Had she made good, or not? In a moment, however, she knew
+that all was well, for a storm of applause and clapping of hands
+filled the air. Lumley, from his place in the wings, beamed approval.
+His enterprise was to be rewarded. The debutante was a success. No
+doubt about it. She should have a contract from him before any other
+manager should step in and snap her up.
+
+     We do not believe (scribbled a critic, hurriedly jotting
+     down his impressions, to be expanded when he got back to his
+     office) that Donna Lola smiled once throughout her
+     performance. As she withdrew, numbers of bouquets fell on to
+     the stage. But the proud one of Seville did not deign to
+     return to pick them up, and one of the gentlemen in livery
+     was deputed for that purpose. When, however, her measure was
+     encored, she stepped down from her pinnacle and actually
+     condescended to accept an additional bouquet that had been
+     tossed by a fair one from a box.
+
+     Her Majesty's Theatre (added a colleague) may now be said to
+     be in its full zenith of grandeur and perfection of beauty
+     and splendour, and variety and fame of the ballet. A new
+     Spanish Donna has been introduced. Although the visitation
+     was unheralded by the customary flourish of trumpeting _on
+     dits_, it was extremely successful. The young lady came and
+     saw and conquered. Many floral offerings were shot at her as
+     a compliment, and the useful M. Coulos--ever at hand in such
+     an emergency--assisted very industriously in picking them
+     up. As for _El Oleano_, this is a sort of cachucha; and it
+     certainly gives Donna Lola Montez an opportunity of
+     introducing herself to the public under a very captivating
+     aspect.... A lovely picture she is to contemplate. There is
+     before you the very perfection of Spanish beauty--the tall
+     handsome figure, the full lustrous eye, the joyous animated
+     countenance, and the dark raven tresses. You gaze upon the
+     Donna with delight and admiration.
+
+It was just after the third item on her programme and while she stood
+before the curtain, bowing and smiling her acknowledgments, that there
+was an unexpected interruption. An ominous hiss suddenly split the
+air. The sound came from the occupants of the stage box in which Lord
+Ranelagh and his party had ensconced themselves. As at a prearranged
+signal, the occupants of the opposite box took it up and repeated it.
+The audience gasped in astonishment, and looked to Lord Ranelagh for a
+solution. He supplied one promptly. "Egad!" he exclaimed in a loud
+voice, "that's not Lola Montez at all. It's Betsy James, an Irish
+girl. Ladies and gentlemen, we're being properly swindled!"
+
+"Swindled" was an ugly word. The pit and gallery, feeling that they
+were in some mysterious fashion being defrauded, followed the cue thus
+given them, and a volume of hisses and cat-calls sprang from the
+throats that, a moment earlier, had bellowed vociferous cheers. The
+great Michael Costa, who was conducting, dropped his baton in
+astonishment, and, refusing to pick it up again, left his desk. There
+is a theory that it was this untoward incident that led him to
+transfer himself from the Haymarket to Covent Garden. Quite possible.
+Musicians are temperamental folk.
+
+It was left for Lumley to deal with the situation. He did so by
+ringing down the curtain, while Lola, in tears and fury, rushed off to
+her dressing-room.
+
+
+III
+
+Perhaps they left early, but none of the critics saw anything of this
+_denouement_. What, however, they did see they described in rapturous,
+not to say, florid terms:
+
+     We saw, as in a dream (declared one of them), an Elssler or
+     a Taglioni descend from the clouds, under the traits of a
+     new dancer, whose fervent admirers lavished on her all the
+     enthusiasm and applause with which the rare perfection of
+     her predecessors has been rewarded.
+
+     On Saturday last, between the acts of the opera, Donna Lola
+     Montez was announced to appear on the programme at Her
+     Majesty's. A thousand ardent spectators were in feverish
+     anxiety to see her. Donna Lola enchanted everyone. There was
+     throughout a graceful flowing of the arms--not an angle
+     discernible--an indescribable softness in her attitude and
+     suppleness in her limbs which, developed in a thousand
+     positions (without infringing on the Opera laws), were the
+     most intoxicating and womanly that can be imagined. We never
+     remember seeing the _habitues_--both young and old--taken by
+     more agreeable surprise than the bewitching lady excited.
+     She was rapturously encored, and the stage strewn with
+     bouquets.
+
+Lord Ranelagh and his friends must have grinned when they read this
+gush.
+
+"I saw Lumley immediately after the fall of the curtain," says a
+reporter who was admitted behind the scenes. "He was surrounded by the
+professors of morality from the omnibus-box, who said that Donna Lola
+was positively not to reappear. They pointed out to him that it was
+absolutely essential to have none but exemplary characters in the
+ballet; but they did not tell him where he would procure females who
+would have no objection to exhibiting their legs in pink silk
+fleshings. As Lumley could not afford to offend his patrons, he was
+compelled to accept the _fiat_ of these virtuous scions of a moral and
+ultra-scrupulous aristocracy. Carlotta Grisi might have had a score of
+lovers; but, then, she had never turned up her charming little nose at
+my Lord Ranelagh."
+
+It was an age when the theatre had to kow-tow to the patron. Unless My
+Lord approved, Mr. Crummles had no choice but to ring down the
+curtain. As the Ranelagh faction very emphatically disapproved, Lumley
+was compelled to give the recruit her marching-orders.
+
+Lola's _premiere_ had thus become her _derniere_.
+
+By the way, a Sunday paper, writing some time afterwards, was guilty
+of a serious slip in its account of the episode, and mistook Lord
+Ranelagh for the Duke of Cambridge. "The newcomer," says this critic,
+"was recognised as Mrs. James by a Prince of the Blood and his
+companions in the omnibus-box. Her beauty could not save her from
+insult; and, to avenge themselves on Mr. Lumley, for some pique, these
+chivalrous English gentlemen of the upper classes hooted a woman from
+the stage."
+
+What was behind Lord Ranelagh's cowardly attack on the debutante?
+There was a simple explanation, and not one that redounded to his
+credit in any way. It was that, during her "Bohemian" period, he had
+endeavoured to fill the empty niche left in her affections by the
+departure of that light-o'-love, Captain Lennox, and had been repulsed
+for his pains. A bad loser, my Lord nursed resentment. He would teach
+a mere ballet-dancer to snap her fingers at him. His opportunity came
+sooner than he imagined. He made the most of it.
+
+Fond as he was of biting, Lord Ranelagh was, some years afterwards,
+himself bitten. He took a prominent part in an unsavoury scandal that
+fluttered mid-Victorian dovecotes, when a Bond Street "beauty
+specialist," known as Madame Rachel, was clapped into prison for
+swindling a wealthy and amorous widow. This was a Mrs. Borrodaile,
+whom "Madame" had gulled by declaring that Lord Ranelagh's one desire
+was to share his coronet with her. Although the raffish peer denied
+all complicity, he did not come out of the business too well.
+
+"The peculiar prominence he has attained," remarked an obituarist,
+"has not always been of an enviable description. There are probably
+few men who have had so many charges of the most varied and
+disagreeable nature made against them. The resultant obloquy to which
+he had thus been exposed is great, nor has it vanished, as it properly
+should have done, with the charges themselves."
+
+This, however, was looking ahead. The comments of 1843 came first. "In
+the clubs that night," we read, "the bucks and bloods laughed heartily
+when they discussed the mishap of the proud beauty who had scorned the
+advances of my Lord." Lola Montez, however, did not regard it as
+anything at which to laugh. She may, as she boasted, have had a dash
+of Spanish blood in her veins, but she certainly had none of George
+Washington's, for she immediately sat down and wrote a circular letter
+to all the London papers. In this she sought to correct what she
+described as a "false impression." Swallowing it as gospel, a number
+of them printed it in full:
+
+     _To the Editor_.
+
+     SIR:
+
+     Since I had the honour of dancing at Her Majesty's Theatre,
+     on Saturday, the 3rd inst. (when I was received by the
+     English public in so kind and flattering a manner) I have
+     been cruelly annoyed by reports that I am not really the
+     person I pretend to be, but that I have long been known in
+     London as a woman of disreputable character. I entreat you,
+     Sir, to allow me, through the medium of your respected
+     journal, to assure you and the public, in the most positive
+     and unqualified manner, that there is not a word of truth in
+     such a statement.
+
+     I am a native of Seville; and in the year 1833, when ten
+     years old, was sent to a Catholic lady at Bath, where I
+     remained seven months, and was then taken back to my parents
+     in Spain. From that period, until the 14th of April, when I
+     landed in England, _I have never set foot in this country,
+     and I never saw London before in my life_.
+
+     In apologising for the favour I ask you, I feel sure that
+     you will kindly consider the anxiety of myself and my
+     friends to remove from the public any impression to my
+     disadvantage. My lawyer has received instructions to proceed
+     against all the parties who have calumniated me.
+
+     Believe me to be your obedient and humble servant,
+
+     LOLA MONTEZ.
+
+     _June 13, 1843._
+
+Ballet-dancers cannot, when making their debuts, be expected to
+remember everything; and this one had obviously forgotten her sojourn
+in India, just as she had forgotten her marriage to Thomas James (and
+the subsequent Consistory Court action), as well as her amorous
+dalliance with Captain Lennox during the previous year.
+
+"In spite of the encouraging reception accorded Donna Lola Montez, she
+has not danced again," remarked a critic in the _Examiner_. "What is
+the reason?"
+
+Lumley could have supplied the information. He did so, some years
+afterwards, in his book, _Reminiscences of the Opera_:
+
+     It is not my intention to rake up the world-wide stories of
+     this strange and fascinating woman. Perhaps it will be
+     sufficient to say frankly that I was, in this instance,
+     fairly "taken in." A Noble Lord (afterwards closely
+     connected with the Foreign Office) had introduced the lady
+     to my notice as the daughter of a celebrated _Spanish_
+     Patriot and martyr, representing her merits as a dancer in
+     so strong a light that her "appearance" was granted.
+
+     ... But this spurious Spanish lady had no real knowledge of
+     that which she professed. The whole affair was an imposture;
+     and on the very night of her first appearance the truth
+     exploded. On the discovery of the truth, I declined to allow
+     the English adventuress, for such she was, another
+     appearance on my boards. In spite of the expostulations of
+     the "friends" of the lady--in spite of the deprecatory
+     letters in which she earnestly denied her English
+     origin--in spite even of the desire expressed in high places
+     to witness her strange performance--I remained inflexible.
+
+The "Noble Lord" thus referred to in this pompous disclaimer was Lord
+Malmesbury.
+
+[Illustration: _Viscount Ranelagh, who organised a cabal against Lola
+Montez_]
+
+
+IV
+
+If she had a quick temper, Lola Montez had a good heart, and was
+always ready to lend a helping hand to others. In this connection
+Edward Fitzball, a hack dramatist with whom things were not going
+well, has a story of how she volunteered to assist in a benefit
+performance that was being got up to set him on his legs. It was
+difficult to secure attractions; and the beneficiare, realising that,
+as was the custom in such cases, he would have to make good any
+deficit himself, was feeling depressed.
+
+"This benefit," he says, "which I fully expected would prove to be a
+decided loss, annoyed me sadly. I was sauntering along Regent Street
+when I met Stretton, the popular singer, whose own benefit was just
+coming off. He said that he had secured every attraction worthy of the
+public, and that there was no hope for me, 'unless,' he added, 'you
+could secure Lola Montez.'
+
+"'Pray, who is that?' I said in my ignorance.
+
+"'Lola Montez is a lady who appeared the other night at Her Majesty's
+Theatre as a dancer, but, due to some aristocratic disturbance, has
+left in disgust. The papers were full of it. I offered her L50 to
+dance for me, and met with a decided refusal. Hence, I see no hope for
+you.'"
+
+Fitzball, however, thinking it worth while taking a chance, hurried to
+Lola's lodgings and begged her to contribute to the programme he was
+offering. He had not expected to be successful, since he knew that she
+was smarting under a sense of injury. To his surprise and delight,
+however, she promised her services, and refused to accept any
+payment.
+
+Overjoyed at the success of his embassy, Fitzball rushed off to the
+printers and had the hoardings plastered with bills, directing special
+attention to the novelty:
+
+                  THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT GARDEN
+                     Monday, July 10, 1843.
+
+                      COLOSSAL ATTRACTION!
+               (For the Benefit of Mr. Fitzball)
+
+              EXTRAORDINARY COMBINATION OF TALENT!
+
+     During the evening the celebrated DONNA LOLA MONTEZ (whose
+     recent performance created so pronounced a sensation at Her
+     Majesty's Theatre) will execute, by special request, her
+     remarkable dance, "El Oleano."
+
+     N.B.--This will positively be the Donna's only appearance in
+     London, as she departs on Thursday next for St. Petersburg.
+
+"The theatre," says Fitzball, in his account of the evening, "was
+crammed. Lola Montez arrived in a splendid carriage, accompanied by
+her maid. When she was dressed, she enquired if I thought her costume
+would be approved. I have seen sylphs and female forms of the most
+dazzling beauty in ballets and fairy dramas, but the most dazzling and
+perfect form I ever did gaze upon was that of Lola Montez in her white
+and gold attire studded with diamonds. Her bounding before the public
+was the signal for general applause and admiration. On the conclusion
+of her performance, there was a rapturous and universal call for her
+reappearance."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V
+
+A PASSIONATE PILGRIMAGE
+
+
+I
+
+The "departure for St. Petersburg" was a stretch of Fitzball's
+imagination. Where Lola did go when she left England was not to
+Russia, but to Belgium. The visit was not a success, as none of the
+theatres in Brussels at which she applied for an engagement exhibited
+any interest in ballet-dancers, whether they came from Seville, or
+elsewhere. A spell of ill luck followed; and, if her own account of
+this period is to be trusted, she was reduced to such a pass that in
+the Belgian capital she became familiar with the inside of pawnshops
+and had to sing in the streets, to secure a lodging. But this "singing
+in the streets" business was, if a picturesque one, not an original
+touch. It is still in active use, as a stock portion of the
+autobiographical equipment of every stage and film heroine who wants
+"publicity." Further, if Lola Montez ever did anything of the kind, it
+was not for long. A "rich man"--she had a knack of establishing
+contact with them--promptly came to the rescue; and, assisted by, it
+is said, the mysterious Jean Francois Montez, who had followed her
+from London, she shook the inhospitable dust of the Brussels
+boulevards off her feet.
+
+It was in Berlin that, in the autumn of 1843, long delayed Fortune
+smiled on her. A novelty being wanted, she secured an engagement to
+dance at a fete organised by Frederick William IV in honour of his
+son-in-law, the Czar Nicholas, and a posse of Grand Dukes then
+visiting Potsdam. The autocrat of all the Russias expressed himself as
+highly pleased with the newcomer's efforts. The Berliners followed
+suit. Lola was "made"; and every night for a month on end she was
+booked up to dance somewhere.
+
+While in the German capital, she is said to have had an encounter with
+the arm of the law. The story is that, mounted on a blood horse, she
+attended a review held in honour of the King and the Czar; and her
+steed, being somewhat mettlesome, carried her at full tilt across the
+parade ground and into the midst of the royal party assembled at the
+saluting-point.
+
+When an indignant policeman, bellowing _Verboten!_ at the top of his
+voice, rushed up and clung to the bridle, he received for his pains a
+vigorous cut from her whip. The next morning a summons was delivered
+to the daring Amazon, ordering her to appear before a magistrate and
+answer a charge of "insulting the uniform." Thereupon, Lola, feeling
+that the general atmosphere was unfavourable, packed her trunks. She
+managed to get away just in time, as a warrant for her arrest was
+actually being made out. But if she did not leave Berlin with all the
+honours of war, it is at any rate recorded that "she left this city of
+pigs with a high head and a snapping of her fan."
+
+The Odyssey continued. The next place where she halted was Dresden.
+There the pilgrim swam into the orbit of Franz Liszt, who happened to
+be giving a series of recitals. Born in 1811--the "year of the
+Comet"--he was at the height of his powers when Lola Montez flashed
+across his path. During an early visit to England, as a "boy prodigy,"
+he had gathered considerable laurels. Windsor Castle had smiled upon
+him, and he had played to George IV and to Queen Victoria. The chance
+encounter with Lola was a fateful one for both of them. But, as it
+happened, the virtuoso rather welcomed the prospect of a fresh
+intrigue just then. Wearied of the romanticism of the phalanx of
+feminine admirers, who clustered about him like bees, he found this
+one, with her beauty and vivacious charm, to have a special appeal for
+him. He responded to it avidly. The two became inseparable.
+
+One evening, while _Rienzi_ was being performed, his latest charmer
+accompanied Liszt to the Opera House, and, during an interval, joined
+him in the dressing-room of Josef Tichatschek, the tenor. Hearing that
+he was there, Wagner was coming to speak to him, "when he saw that his
+companion was a painted and bejewelled woman with insolent eyes."
+Thereupon, if his biographer is to be trusted, "the composer turned
+and fled." Lola had routed "Rienzi."
+
+Musicians will be musicians; and Liszt was no exception. With his love
+affairs and his long catalogue of "conquests" in half the capitals of
+Europe, he was generally regarded as a Don Juan of the keyboard. It is
+said by James Huneker that, on leaving Dresden, Lola joined him in
+Constantinople. In her memoirs she says nothing about wandering along
+the shores of the Bosphorus in his company. Still, she says a good
+deal about Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, by whom, she
+declares, she was given a letter to the Chief Eunuch, admitting her to
+the Sultan's harem. But this, like many of her other statements, must
+be taken with a generous pinch of salt.
+
+During that memorable summer Liszt was specially invited to Bonn, to
+unveil the Beethoven monument that had been erected there. The
+ceremony attracted a distinguished gathering, and was witnessed by the
+King and Queen of Russia, together with Queen Victoria and Prince
+Albert. It was also witnessed by Lola Montez, who accompanied Liszt.
+She was promptly recognised by Ignatz Moscheles; and, when they
+discovered her presence, the reception committee were so upset that
+they had her barred from the hotel in which rooms had been engaged for
+the guest of honour. But it took more than this to keep her in the
+background. While the speeches were in full swing, she forced her way
+into the banquet-hall, and won over the prudish burghers by jumping on
+the table and dancing to them.
+
+The Prince Consort was shocked at the "liberty." Frederick William,
+however, being more broad-minded, cracked a Teutonic jest.
+
+"Lola is a Lorelei!" he declared, with an appreciative grin, when the
+episode was reported to him. "What will she be up to next?"
+
+An inevitable result of Liszt's dalliance with his new Calypso in the
+various capitals that they visited together during the months that
+followed was to shatter the relations that had existed for years
+between himself and Madame d'Agoult. The virtuoso emerged from the
+business badly, for the woman he had discarded in summary fashion for
+a younger and more attractive one had sacrificed her name and her
+reputation for his sake, and had also presented him with three pledges
+of mutual affection. Infuriated at his callousness, she afterwards, as
+"Daniel Stern," relieved her outraged feelings in a novel ("written to
+calm her agitated soul"), _Nelida_, where Liszt, under a transparent
+disguise, figured as "Guermann Regnier."
+
+But the pace was too hot to last. Still, it was Liszt, and not Lola,
+who cooled first. "With Lola, as with others, known and unknown, it
+was," observes William Wallace, "_Da capo al Segno_." The story of the
+final rupture between them, as given by Guy de Pourtales, has in it
+something of the element of farce:
+
+     Liszt allowed her to make love to him, and amused himself
+     with this dangerous sweetheart. But without any conviction,
+     without any real curiosity. She annoyed, she irritated him
+     during his hours of work. Before long he planned to escape,
+     and, having arranged everything with the hotel porter, he
+     departed without leaving any address, but not without having
+     first locked this most wearisome of inamoratas up in her
+     room. For twelve hours Lola raised a fearful uproar,
+     breaking whatever she could lay her hands on.
+
+Liszt, however, scenting this possibility, had settled the bill in
+advance.
+
+But the incident does not redound to his credit, for the spectacle of
+a distinguished artist bribing a lackey to smuggle him out of an hotel
+and imprison in her bedroom the woman with whom he had been living, is
+a sorry one.
+
+
+II
+
+Having had enough of Germany for the time being, Lola decided to see
+what France had to offer. "The only place for a woman of spirit," she
+once said, "is Paris." Accordingly she betook herself there. As soon
+as she arrived, she secured lodgings in a modest hotel near the Palais
+Royal; and, well aware of her limitations, took some dancing lessons
+from a ballet-master in the rue Lepelletier. When she had taken what
+she considered enough, she called on Leon Pillet, the director of the
+_Academie_.
+
+"You have, of course, already heard of my immense success in London,"
+she announced with an assured air.
+
+M. Pillet had not heard of it. But this did not matter. As had been
+the case with Lumley before him, Lola's ravishing smile inflamed his
+susceptible heart; and he promptly engaged her to dance in the ballet
+that was to follow Halevy's _Il Lazzarone_, then in active rehearsal.
+
+Lola's debut as a _premiere danseuse_ was made on March 30, 1844. It
+was not a successful one. Far from it. The fact was, the Parisians,
+accustomed to the dreamy and sylph-like pirouettings of Cerito and
+Elssler and Taglioni, and their own Adele Dumilatre, could not
+appreciate the vigorous _cachuchas_ and _boleros_ now offered them.
+When they voiced their disapproval, Lola lost the one thing she could
+never keep--her temper. She made a _moue_ at the audience; and, if de
+Mirecourt is to be trusted, pulled off her garters (a second authority
+says a more intimate item of attire) and flung them with a gesture of
+contempt among the jeering crowd in the first row of stalls.
+
+As may be imagined, the Press was unsympathetic towards this
+"demonstration."
+
+"We will avoid damaging with our strictures," remarked _Le
+Constitutionnel_ in its next issue, "a pretty young woman who, before
+making her debut, has obviously not had time to study our
+preferences."
+
+A much more devastating criticism was published in _Le Journal des
+Debats_ by Jules Janin. He went out of his way, indeed, to be
+positively offensive. Nor did Theophile Gautier, who in his famous
+waistcoat of crimson velvet was present on this eventful evening,
+think very much of the would-be ballerina's efforts to win Paris.
+
+     Beyond, he wrote, a pair of magnificent dark eyes,
+     Mademoiselle Lola Montez has nothing suggestively Andalusian
+     in her appearance. She talks poor Spanish, scarcely any
+     French, and only tolerable English. The question is, to what
+     country does she really belong? We can affirm that she has
+     small feet and shapely legs. The extent, however, to which
+     these gifts serve her is quite another story.
+
+     It must be admitted that the public's curiosity aroused by
+     her altercations with the police of the North and her
+     whip-cracking exploits among the Prussian gendarmes has not
+     been satisfied. We imagine that Mademoiselle Lola would do
+     better on horseback than on the stage.
+
+An odd account, headed: "Singular Debut of Lola Montez in Paris," was
+sent to New York by an American journalist:
+
+     "When, a few days ago, it was announced that two foreign
+     dancers, Mlle Cerito and Mlle Lola Montez, had just entered
+     the walls of Paris, the triumphs achieved by the Italian
+     ballerina could not eclipse the horse-whipping exploits of
+     Mlle Lola. 'Let us have Lola Montez!' exclaimed the stalls
+     and pit. 'We want to see if her foot is as light as her
+     hand!' Never did they witness a more astounding _entree_.
+     After her first leap, she stopped short on the tips of her
+     toes, and, by a movement of prodigious rapidity, detached
+     one of her garters from a lissome limb adjacent to her
+     quivering thigh (innocent of _lingerie_) and flung it to the
+     occupants of the front row of the orchestra....
+     Notwithstanding the effect produced by this piquant
+     eccentricity, Mile Lola has not met with the reception she
+     anticipated; and it has been deemed proper by the management
+     to dispense with her reappearance."
+
+But to give Lola her _conge_ by word of mouth was a task which M.
+Pillet did not care to undertake. "So much was the haughty Amazon's
+riding-whip dreaded that a letter of dismissal was prudently
+delivered. As a result, bloodshed was avoided; and Mlle Lola has
+solaced herself with the reflection that she has been the victim of
+the Machiavellian cabal of Russia, still angry at her routing of
+Muscovite gendarmes in Warsaw."
+
+With reference to the Warsaw episode, the slipshod de Mirecourt says
+that she was dancing there in 1839. At that date, however, she was no
+nearer Warsaw than Calcutta. None the less, she did go there, but it
+was not until she had left Paris after her failure at the Academie
+Royale. According to herself, the Czar Nicholas, who remembered her in
+Berlin, invited her to visit St. Petersburg, and, having a month to
+spare, she accepted a preliminary engagement in the Polish capital.
+
+This began well enough, for, if her terpsichorean abilities still left
+something to be desired, the Warsaw critics, ever susceptible to
+feminine charms, went into positive raptures about her personal
+attractions. One of them, indeed, became almost lyrical on the
+subject:
+
+"Her soft silken hair," was this authority's opinion, "falls in
+luxuriant wealth down her back, its glistening hue rivalling that of
+the raven's wing; on a slender and delicate neck--the whiteness of
+which eclipses swansdown--is poised a lovely face.... Where the
+proportions are concerned, Lola's little feet are somewhere between
+those of a Chinese maiden and those of the daintiest Parisienne
+imaginable. As for her bewitching calves, they suggest the steps of a
+Jacob's ladder transporting one up to heaven; and her ravishing
+figure resembles the Venus of Cnidus, that immortal masterpiece
+sculptured by the chisel of Praxiteles in the 104th Olympiad. As for
+her eyes, her very soul is enshrined in their blue depths."
+
+There was a lot more--several columns more--in a similar strain.
+
+As was to be expected, such a tribute attracted the attention of
+Prince Ivan Paskievich, the Viceroy of Poland. He had a weakness for
+pretty women; and, after the long succession of lumpy and heavy-footed
+ballerinas occupying the Warsaw stage, this new arrival sounded
+promising. When a trusted emissary reported that the critics "had not
+said half what they might," he resolved to make her acquaintance. His
+first step was to send her, through Madam Steinkeller, the wife of a
+banker, an invitation to have supper with him at his private house.
+
+Lola, flattered by the invitation, and less clear-headed than usual,
+was sufficiently trusting to accept. She soon, however, discovered
+that his Excellency's intentions were strictly dishonourable, for he
+made her, she afterwards said, "a most indelicate proposition." Her
+response was to laugh in his face, and to tell him that "she had no
+wish to become his toy." Thereupon, Paskievich, furious at such a
+repulse (and unaccustomed to being thwarted by anyone, must less by a
+ballet-dancer), dismissed her with threats of reprisals. The first of
+these took the form of a visit from Colonel Abrahamowicz, the official
+charged with "preserving morality in the Warsaw theatres." He
+apparently interpreted his responsible functions in a fashion that
+left something to be desired, for Lola complained that "his conduct
+was so free that I took serious exception to it."
+
+Paskievich then dealt his next card. This was to instruct his
+understrapper to fill the theatre with a rabble and have her hissed
+off the stage. Lola, however, was equal to the occasion. Advancing to
+the footlights, before the terror-stricken manager could stop her, she
+pointed to Colonel Abrahamowicz, sitting in a box, and exclaimed:
+"Ladies and gentlemen, there is the dastard who attempts to revenge
+himself on a pure woman who has scorned his infamous suggestions! I
+ask your protection!"
+
+Accompanied by M. Lesniowski, the editor of the _Warsaw Gazette_, she
+returned to her lodgings, wondering what would happen next. She was
+soon to discover, for the angry Colonel and a squad of police arrived
+with a warrant for her arrest as an "undesirable." When, however, they
+announced their purpose, she flourished a pistol in their faces and
+declared that she would put a bullet through the first of them who
+came near her. Realising that she meant what she said, and not anxious
+to qualify for cheap martyrdom, Colonel Abrahamowicz was tactician
+enough to withdraw. In the meantime, the public, learning what had
+happened, sided with Lola and raised lusty shouts of "Down with the
+Viceroy! Long live the Montez!"
+
+Paskievich, who had crushed with an iron hand the rebellion of 1831,
+had a short and sharp way with incipient revolutionaries; and, calling
+out the troops, cleared the streets at the point of the bayonet. While
+they were thus occupied, Lola slipped off to the French consul and
+suggested that he should grant her his protection as a national. With
+characteristic gallantry, he met her wishes. None the less, she had to
+leave Warsaw the next morning, under escort to the frontier.
+
+There were reprisals for a number of those who had taken her part.
+Thus the manager of the theatre and the editor of the _Warsaw Gazette_
+were dismissed; M. Steinkeller was imprisoned; and a dozen students
+were publicly flogged.
+
+"Tranquillity has been restored," was the official view of the
+situation.
+
+According to Lola herself (not, by the way, a very sound authority)
+she went straight from Warsaw and the clutches of the lustful
+Paskievich to St. Petersburg. Considering, however, that Poland was at
+that period under the domination of the Czar, it is highly improbable
+that, after her expulsion, she could have set foot in Russia without
+a passport. Had she been sufficiently daring to make the experiment,
+she would assuredly have been clapped into fetters and packed off to
+Siberia.
+
+Lola's motto was "courage, and shuffle the cards." Undeterred by her
+previous failure there, she went back to Paris, to try her luck a
+second time.
+
+Luck came to her very soon, for she had scarcely arrived in the
+capital when she encountered a young Englishman, Mr. Francis Leigh, an
+ex-officer of the 10th Hussars. Within a week the two were on such
+intimate terms that they set up housekeeping together. But the harmony
+was shattered abruptly by Lola, who, in a jealous fit, one day fired a
+pistol at her "protector." As this was more than he could be expected
+to stand, Mr. Leigh, deciding that they could not continue living
+under the same roof, severed the relationship.
+
+
+III
+
+In 1845 the Paris of Louis-Philippe was, when Lola resumed her
+acquaintance with it, a pleasant city in which to live. The star of
+Baron Haussmann had not yet arisen; and the capital's vulgarisation
+under the Second Empire had not then begun. John Bull still gave it a
+wide berth; nor, except for a few stray specimens, were there any
+hordes of tourists to gape at the "Froggies." Everything was cheap;
+and most things were nice. Paris really was _La ville lumiere_. Dull
+care had been given its marching orders. All that was required of a
+man was that he should be witty, and of a woman that she should be
+entertaining. The world of the boulevards--with its cafes and
+restaurants and theatres--was the accepted rallying point of the
+authors and poets, the painters and musicians, and the lights
+twinkling in the theatrical and journalistic firmaments, the men in
+velveteen jackets and peg-top trousers, the women in flounced skirts
+and shawls and elastic-sided boots. The mode of the moment.
+
+[Illustration: _Abbe Liszt: Musician and Lover_]
+
+Lola settled down among them, and was given a warm welcome. Among
+others with whom she was soon on friendly terms was the famous (or,
+perhaps, it would be better to say, notorious) Alphonsine Plessis. The
+Lady of the Camelias had a large heart and a wide circle; and Liszt,
+who was also back in Paris, was to be found among the guests attending
+her "receptions" at her house on the Boulevard de la Madeleine. Lola,
+who never cherished rancour, was prepared to let bygones be bygones,
+and resumed relations with him. But this time they were short lived,
+for the maestro was already dangling after another charmer, and, as
+was his habit, left for Weimar without saying farewell. Lola took his
+defection philosophically. As a matter of fact, she rather welcomed
+it, for it solved a situation that was fast threatening to become
+awkward. This was that she herself had now formed an intimacy with
+somebody else.
+
+Her new acquaintance was Charles Dujarier, a young man of five and
+twenty, and a journalist of some distinction, being part proprietor
+and feuilleton editor of _La Presse_. Lola met him in the friendly
+atmosphere of a Bohemian cafe, where formal introductions were not
+insisted upon. As was the custom in such an atmosphere, the friendship
+ripened rapidly. Within a week of their first meeting the two set up
+housekeeping together in the rue Lafitte. Before long there was talk
+of marriage. But it did not get beyond talk, for Lola had put her head
+in the matrimonial noose once--in her opinion, once too often--and she
+had no desire to do so a second time. Apart from this consideration,
+she was probably well aware that her divorce from the philandering
+Thomas James had never been completed.
+
+As Dujarier's acknowledged mistress, Lola was accepted without demur
+as one of themselves by the literary and artistic "set" thronging the
+cafes and salons they frequented. Gautier and Sue, with Claudin and
+Mery and Dumas, were those habitues of whom she saw most; and
+Ferdinand Bac (but nobody else) says that she was on intimate terms
+with the austere M. Guizot.
+
+Gustave Claudin declared that he met Lola Montez in Paris in the
+spring of 1841. That she made an impression on him is evident from a
+passage in his _Souvenirs_:
+
+     Lola Montez was a charmer. There was something--I do not
+     quite know what--about her appearance that was provocative
+     and voluptuous, and which attracted one. She had a white
+     skin, hair suggestive of the tendrils of honeysuckle, and a
+     mouth that could be compared with a pomegranate. Added to
+     this was a ravishing figure, charming feet, and perfect
+     grace. Unfortunately, as a dancer, she had very little
+     talent.
+
+     Towards the year 1845 the author of these notes saw much of
+     her. She wanted him to write her memoirs, and gave him some
+     material for them.... She was born in Seville in 1823, with
+     a French officer for a godfather and (as is the custom in
+     Spain) the city of Seville for a godmother. The adventures
+     of her life were written out by her in an exercise-book. She
+     told me that, at a ball in Calcutta, she had once refused to
+     waltz with a wealthy gentleman who was so encrusted with
+     diamonds that he resembled a snuff-box. When he asked her
+     the reason for refusing to dance, she replied: "Sir, I
+     cannot dance with you because you have hurt my foot." The
+     would-be waltzer was a chiropodist!
+
+Writing, as he did, nearly fifty years after the episode to which he
+thus refers, Claudin's memory was a little shaky. Thus Lola Montez was
+born in Limerick in 1818, not, as he says, at Seville in 1823; nor
+could Claudin have met her in Paris in the spring of 1841, as she had
+not then left India.
+
+Dujarier, according to Lola, was much impressed by her political
+acumen, and employed her on "secret service" for the Government,
+entrusting her as a preliminary with a "mission to St. Petersburg."
+The story is an obvious concoction, if merely because Dujarier, being
+little beyond a penny-a-liner hack, had no power to employ anybody on
+such a task. Still, Lola always stuck to it. Still, it is just
+possible that she may have gone to Russia at this period, for Nicholas
+was interested in the art of the ballet, and welcomed foreign
+exponents of Terpsichore from wherever they came. He was a familiar
+figure in the green-rooms of his capital. He patronised Taglioni and
+Elssler, and was always ready to make up any deficit in the box-office
+receipts. It only meant grinding more out of his army of serfs.
+
+If she did go from Paris to Russia, Lola did not waste her time there,
+for, she says, she "nearly married Prince Schulkoski," whom she had
+already met in Berlin. This, she adds, was "one of the romances of her
+life." But something went wrong with it, for the princely wooer,
+"while furiously telegraphing kisses three times a day," was
+discovered to be enjoying the companionship of another charmer. Lola
+could put up with a great deal. There were, however, limits to her
+toleration, and this was one of them. First, Tom James; then, George
+Lennox; and now Prince Schulkoski. Masculine promises were no more
+substantial than pie-crust. Poor Lola was having a sad awakening. It
+is not remarkable that she formed the conclusion that men were
+"deceivers ever." After such an experience, nothing else was possible.
+
+Among other items in her repertoire of alleged happenings in Russia at
+this period was one that certainly takes a good deal of swallowing.
+This was that, while having a "private audience" with the Czar himself
+and Count Benkendorf (the Chief of the Secret Police), an important
+visitor was announced. Thereupon, and to avoid her presence being
+known to the newcomer, she was locked up in a cupboard and left there
+for several hours. When the Czar came back, he was "full of apologies
+and insisted that she should accept from him a gift of a thousand
+roubles."
+
+Other details follow:
+
+     "A great magnate conquers her at St. Petersburg; Grand Dukes
+     perform their tricks; and Circassian Princes die for her.
+     But soon she has enough of caviare and vodka. What, she
+     wonders, is the good of becoming fuddled with drunkards and
+     wasting valuable time on half-civilized Asiatics?"
+
+No good at all, was Lola's decision. Accordingly, she bade farewell to
+Russian hospitality, and, relinquishing all prospects of wearing the
+Muscovite diadem, returned to Paris and Dujarier. Her lover's
+influence secured her an engagement in _La Biche au Bois_ at the Porte
+St. Martin Theatre; but, as had happened at the Academie Royale, she
+was a "flop." The critics said so with no uncertain voice; and the
+manager announced that he agreed with them. Clearly, then, the ballet
+was not her _metier_.
+
+"Well, dancing isn't everything," said Lola, who always took a reverse
+in philosophical fashion.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI
+
+AN "AFFAIR OF HONOUR"
+
+
+I
+
+The evening of March 7, 1845, was one pregnant with fate where
+Dujarier was concerned. He had received, and accepted, an invitation
+to a supper-party at the Freres-Provencaux restaurant, given by Mlle
+Anais Lievenne, a young actress from the Vaudeville company. Among the
+other _convives_ gathered round the festive board were a quartet of
+attractive damsels, Atala Beauchene, Victorine Capon, Cecile John, and
+Alice Ozy, with, to keep them company, a trio of typical _flaneurs_ in
+Rosemond de Beauvallon (a swarthy Creole from Guadaloupe, with
+ambitions to be considered a novelist), Roger de Beauvoir (a friend of
+Alphonse Karr, and whose other claim to distinction was that he had
+once challenged Balzac), and Saint-Agnan (an individual dubbed by
+journalists a "man-about-town"). Altogether, a gathering thoroughly
+representative of the theatre, the press, the world, and the
+half-world.
+
+Lola was invited to join the party; but, at Dujarier's special
+request, she excused herself. If, however, she had gone with him, the
+tragedy for which the evening was to be responsible might have been
+averted. Still, nobody can look ahead.
+
+For some time, all went merrily as the proverbial marriage bell. The
+ladies were not too strait-laced; dull care was banished. Food and
+drink without stint; music and lights and laughter; bright eyes and
+pretty faces. Champagne corks popped; toasts were offered; jests were
+cracked; and tongues wagged.
+
+But it did not last. The clouds were gathering; and presently the
+harmony was interrupted. Dujarier was to blame. Unable to carry his
+liquor well, or else, under the spell of her bright eyes, he went so
+far as to remark to his hostess: "My dear Anais, figure to yourself,
+in six months from now you and I will be sleeping together." The
+damsel's acknowledged cavalier, de Beauvallon, a stickler for
+propriety, took this amiss and declared the assertion to be
+unwarranted. Words followed. Warm words. Mlle Lievenne, however, being
+good-tempered, merely laughed, and peace was restored.
+
+But the patched-up truce was only a temporary one. Feeling still ran
+high. A few minutes later, de Beauvallon picked another quarrel with
+Dujarier, this time complaining that he had neglected to publish a
+feuilleton of his, _Memoires de M. Montholon_, that had been accepted
+by him. As was to be expected, the result of pestering the sub-editor
+at such a moment was to receive the sharp response that he "must wait
+his turn, and that, in the meantime, there were more important authors
+than himself to be considered."
+
+With the idea of calming frayed nerves, somebody suggested that they
+should all adjourn for a flutter at lansquenet, then ousting ecarte.
+The proposal was accepted; and, the revellers having settled down,
+Saint-Agnan, having the best-lined wallet, took the bank.
+
+Fortune did not smile on Dujarier. The luck seemed against him; and,
+when the party broke up in the small hours, he was a couple of
+thousand francs to the bad. Worse than this, he was unable to settle
+his losses until he had borrowed the necessary billets from the head
+waiter. As a result, his temper was soured, his nerves on edge.
+Accordingly, when de Beauvallon was tactless enough to upset him
+again, he "answered somewhat abruptly."
+
+This, however, was not all. The "wine being in, the wit was out." A
+woman's name cropped up, that of a certain Madame Albert, a young
+actress in whose affections Dujarier had, before Lola Montez appeared
+on the scene, been ousted by de Beauvallon. The recollection rankled,
+and he made some sneering reference to the subject. With an obvious
+effort, the other kept his temper and curtly remarking, "You will hear
+from me to-morrow, Monsieur," left the restaurant.
+
+
+II
+
+"It might have been thought," is the comment of Larousse, "that, with
+the fever of the wine abated, these happenings and the recollection of
+the indecorous words accompanying them would, by the next morning,
+have been forgotten."
+
+But they were not forgotten. They were remembered. On the following
+afternoon, while Dujarier was in his office, lamenting the fact that
+he had made such a fool of himself, and wondering how he was to
+explain matters to Lola, two visitors were announced. One of them was
+the Comte de Flers and the other was the Vicomte d'Ecquevillez. With
+ceremonious bows, they stated the purport of their call. This was that
+they represented de Beauvallon, who "demanded satisfaction for the
+insults he had received from M. Dujarier."
+
+The quarrel, however, was really one between two rival papers, _La
+Presse_ and _Le Globe_, which had long been at daggers drawn. Granier
+de Cassagnac, the editor of _Le Globe_, was the brother-in-law of de
+Beauvallon, and Emile de Girardin, the proprietor of _La Presse_, had
+systematically held him up to ridicule in his columns. Hence, when the
+news of the restaurant fracas leaked out among the cafe gossipers, the
+result was that everybody said: "il n'y eut qu'une voix pour dire
+'c'est le _Globe_ qui veut se battre avec la _Presse_.'"
+
+Dujarier, who had no stomach for fighting--except with his pen--would
+have backed out if he could. But he could not. Things had already gone
+too far. Accordingly, he referred the visitors to his friends, Arthur
+Bertrand (a god-son of the Emperor) and Charles de Boignes, and then
+hurried off to consult them himself.
+
+"Pistols for two and coffee for one," was their decision when they
+heard what he had to tell them. There was, they were emphatic, no
+other way by which he could satisfy his "honour." The code demanded
+it.
+
+Clutching at a straw, Dujarier next sought counsel of Alexandre Dumas.
+
+"I don't know why I am fighting," he said.
+
+If it came to that, Dumas shared his ignorance. Still, he insisted
+that a "meeting" was inevitable.
+
+This was the case. For a Frenchman to refuse to "go out"--no matter
+what his reason--would be to incur social ignominy. He would be looked
+upon as a pariah; not a hand would be offered him; and he would have
+bundles of white feathers showered upon him by his former
+acquaintances.
+
+It was all very ridiculous. Still, it must be remembered that "the
+period was one when journalists aped fine gentlemen, and killed
+themselves for nothing." Ferdinand Bac declares that this practice was
+"largely the fault of Dumas, who, in his romances, would describe
+lovely women throwing themselves between the combatants to effect
+their reconciliation."
+
+Since a meeting could be a serious affair, the seconds were naturally
+anxious to protect themselves. Accordingly, the four of them, putting
+their heads together, drew up a document which, in the event of
+untoward consequences occurring, would, they felt, absolve them of
+responsibility:
+
+"We, the undersigned, state that, as the result of a disagreement, M.
+de Beauvallon has provoked M. Dujarier in a fashion that makes it
+impossible for him to refuse an encounter. We ourselves have done all
+we can to reconcile these gentlemen; and it is only at M. de
+Beauvallon's urgent demand that we are proceeding in the matter."
+
+As the challenged party, Dujarier had the choice of weapons. The
+privilege, however, was not worth much to him. He had never handled
+cold steel, while his adversary was an expert fencer, and he was also
+such a poor marksman that he could not have made sure of hitting a
+haystack at twenty yards. Still, he reflected that, although de
+Beauvallon was unlikely to miss him with a rapier, he might possibly
+do so with a bullet. Accordingly, he elected for pistols.
+
+When Dujarier came back to her that evening, Lola, with womanly
+intuition, saw that some trouble had befallen him. Under pressure, he
+admitted that he was about to fight a duel for which he had no
+stomach. At the same time, however, he led her to believe that his
+adversary was de Beauvoir, and not de Beauvallon.
+
+Having thus calmed her fears, for she knew that de Beauvoir was no
+more a fire-eater than was he himself, he went off to have another
+consultation with his seconds.
+
+"I shall not be back until late," he said, "as I am supping with
+Dumas. You must not stop up for me."
+
+Instead, however, of returning that night, Dujarier, feeling that he
+could not face Lola and tell her the truth, stopped with one of his
+seconds. There he wrote and sealed a couple of letters, charging de
+Boignes to "deliver them if required by circumstances." The first was
+to his mother:
+
+     If this letter reaches you, it will be because I shall be
+     dead or else dangerously wounded. To-morrow morning I am
+     going out to fight with pistols. My position requires it;
+     and, as a man of honour, I accept the challenge. If you, my
+     good mother, should have cause to weep, it is better that
+     you should shed tears for a son worthy of yourself than to
+     shed them for a coward. I go to the combat in the spirit of
+     a man who is calm and sure of himself. Justice is on my
+     side.
+
+A more difficult, although less flamboyant, letter to write was the
+second one, for its recipient would be the woman who had given him her
+heart: and was even then anxiously awaiting his return:
+
+     MY EVER DEAREST LOLA:
+
+     I want to explain why it was I slept by myself and did not
+     come to you this morning. It is because I have to fight a
+     duel. All my calmness is required, and seeing you would have
+     upset me. By two o'clock this afternoon everything will be
+     over.
+
+     A thousand fond farewells to the dear little girl I love so
+     much, and the thoughts of whom will be with me for ever.
+
+Having written his letters, he proceeded to draw up his will. This
+document left, among specific bequests to his mother and sister,
+certain shares that he held in the Palais Royal to Lola Montez.
+
+
+III
+
+The date of the meeting was March 11, and the rendezvous was a retired
+spot in the Bois de Boulogne. A bitterly cold morning, with snow on
+the ground and heavy clouds in a leaden sky. As the clock struck the
+appointed hour, Dujarier, accompanied by his seconds, and M. de Guise,
+a medical man, drove up in a cab. They were the first to arrive.
+
+After waiting for more than an hour, Dujarier was in such a nervous
+condition that his seconds declared he would be justified in leaving
+the field, since his adversary had not kept the appointment. Instead,
+however, of jumping at the chance, he took a swig at a flask of
+cognac. The potent spirit gave him some measure of Dutch courage, and
+his teeth stopped chattering.
+
+"I will fight," he announced grandiloquently. "I am a Frenchman, and
+my honour is very dear to me."
+
+It was to be put to the test, for a few minutes later de Beauvallon
+and his seconds arrived, with a tardy apology.
+
+On behalf of their principal, Dujarier's seconds then made a last
+appeal for an amicable settlement. It was coldly received; and they
+were told that "the insult offered was too serious to be wiped out by
+words." There being nothing else for it, the preliminaries were
+discussed, the conditions of the combat being that the adversaries
+should stand thirty paces apart, advance six paces, and then fire.
+
+The pistols were furnished by d'Ecquevillez, and it had been expressly
+stipulated that his principal should not have handled them until that
+moment. When, however, Bertrand examined the pair, he remarked that,
+since the barrels were blackened and still warm to the touch, it was
+obvious that somebody had already practised with them. As, however,
+d'Ecquevillez swore that they had not been tried by de Beauvallon, the
+protest was withdrawn.
+
+The distance being measured and the adversaries placed in position,
+the seconds stepped aside. Then, at a signal, the word was given. The
+first to fire was Dujarier. He was, however, so agitated that he sent
+a bullet wide of the mark. De Beauvallon, on the other hand, was
+perfectly cool and collected. He lifted his weapon and aimed with such
+deliberate care that de Boignes, unable to restrain himself, called
+out excitedly: "_Mais, tirez donc, Monsieur!_" With a nod, de
+Beauvallon pressed the trigger. There was an answering flash and a
+report; and, as the smoke drifted away, Dujarier reeled and fell,
+blood gushing from his mouth and nostrils.
+
+When Dr. de Guise examined him, he looked grave. He saw at once that
+the injury was serious. As a matter of fact, Dujarier was dead before
+they returned to Paris.
+
+As the cab reached the house in the rue Lafitte, Lola, waiting there
+in an agony of suspense, heard the rumble of wheels. Rushing
+downstairs, she stepped back with a cry of terror, for three men were
+carrying a heavy burden into the hall. Instinctively, she realised
+that the worst had happened, that her suspense was at an end.
+
+"Mademoiselle, we have ill tidings for you," said de Boignes.
+
+"I know it," said Lola. "Dujarier is killed. I felt sure this would
+happen. You should not have let him fight."
+
+The funeral of Dujarier, which took place a couple of days later in
+the cemetery at Montmartre, was attended by characteristic pomp. The
+velvet pall above his coffin was held by Balzac, Dumas, and Joseph
+Mery, and a flowery "oration" delivered at the graveside by Emile de
+Girardin:
+
+     "Whether it endure but a single day, or be deep and
+     prolonged, Man's sorrow is always barren and profitless. It
+     cannot restore to a disconsolate mother, bemoaning her
+     untimely loss, the son for whom she weeps, or give him back
+     to his friends.... Let the words written by Dujarier: 'I am
+     about to fight a duel for the most absurd and futile of
+     causes,' never be effaced from our memory. Farewell,
+     Dujarier! Rest in peace! Let us carry away from the
+     graveside the hope that the recollection of so lamentable an
+     end will last long enough to shield others from a similar
+     one. Let all mothers--still astounded and trembling--derive
+     some measure of confidence from this hope, and pray to God
+     for poor Dujarier with all the fervour of their souls!"
+
+As may be imagined, talk followed. A vast amount of talk, in the
+newspapers and elsewhere. "The topic was discussed," one reads, "at
+the royal table itself by the family of Louis-Philippe; and Queen
+Amelie and Aunt Adelaide stigmatised the conduct of this wicked hussy,
+Lola Montez, in severe terms."
+
+
+IV
+
+After such an experience, Lola felt that she had had enough of France
+for a time. Accordingly, she went back to Germany. There she resumed
+relations with Liszt, who took her to a second Beethoven Festival at
+Bonn. While allowance could be made for the artistic temperament, this
+was considered to be straining it, and caustic remarks on the subject
+appeared in the press.
+
+During the absence of Lola from Paris, the relatives of Dujarier had
+not been idle. Unpleasant whispers were heard that the dead man had
+not fallen in a fair fight; and that the fatal bullet had come from a
+weapon with which his adversary had already practised. As this was
+contrary to the conditions of the encounter, the arm of the law
+reached out, and de Beauvallon and his seconds were called upon for an
+explanation. The one they furnished to them was deemed adequate by the
+authorities. Still, if "honour was satisfied," the friends of de
+Beauvallon's victim were not. Accordingly, they set to work, and,
+pulling fresh strings, managed to get the official decision upset.
+
+[Illustration: _Fanny Elssler. Predecessor of Lola Montez in Paris_]
+
+An article on the subject that appeared in _Le Droit_ took a severe
+tone:
+
+"The grounds alleged to be responsible for this deplorable business,"
+declared an editorial, "were utterly frivolous. As a result, the
+public prosecutor has instructed an examining-magistrate to enquire
+into all the circumstances, and an autopsy will be held. It is
+possible that other measures will be adopted."
+
+Other measures _were_ adopted.
+
+"All duels," was the austere comment of the examining-magistrate who
+conducted the enquiry, "are marked by folly, and some by deliberate
+baseness." Where this one was concerned, he hinted at something
+sinister, and asked pointed questions about the pistols that
+d'Ecquevillez had been obliging enough to furnish. The answer was that
+they belonged to M. de Cassignac, who, for his part, declared that,
+until the actual day of the meeting, they had been in the custody of
+the gunsmith from whom he had bought them. The gunsmith, however, M.
+Devismes, said that this was not the case; and another witness
+declared that he had seen de Beauvallon having a little surreptitious
+practice with them in the garden.
+
+The next thing that happened was that, before the magisterial enquiry
+was finished, de Beauvallon and d'Ecquevillez made a hurried departure
+from Paris. During their absence, it was decided to abandon further
+proceedings for want of evidence. Thinking himself safe, de Beauvallon
+then returned. But he was not safe. The Supreme Court cancelled the
+decision of the inferior one, and announced that he was to stand his
+trial for murder.
+
+As public feeling ran high, and it was felt that an impartial jury
+could not have been secured in Paris, the trial was held at Rouen. The
+date was March 26, 1846. Attracted by the special circumstances of
+the case, the court was crowded.
+
+"Nearly all those who were present," says Claudin, "belonged to the
+world of the boulevards." Albert Vandam was among the spectators; and
+with him for a companion was a much more distinguished person, Gustave
+Flaubert.
+
+
+V
+
+All being in readiness, and the stage set for the drama that was about
+to be unfolded, the judges, in the traditional red robes, took their
+seats, with M. Letendre de Tourville as president of the Court. M.
+Salveton, the public prosecutor, and M. Rieff, the advocate-general,
+represented the Government; and Maitre Berryer and M. Leon Duval
+appeared respectively on behalf of the accused and the dead man's
+mother and sister.
+
+As it had been suggested that de Beauvallon had purposely arrived late
+on the ground, in order to have some preliminary practice, he was told
+to give an account of his movements of the morning of the duel.
+
+"I got up at seven o'clock," he said, "and went downstairs with the
+pistols which had been waiting for me at the concierge's when I
+returned home on the previous evening."
+
+"The concierge remembers nothing of that," interrupted M. Duval. "This
+is a fresh fact. We must certainly consider it. What happened next?"
+
+"I went off in a cab to M. d'Ecquevillez, and handed the pistols to
+him. At half-past ten I returned home, to wait for my seconds. We
+arrived on the ground at half-past eleven. M. de Boignes received us
+coldly, with his hands in his pockets, and said: 'You do well to keep
+us waiting like this for you. Name of God! this isn't a summer
+morning. We think there is not sufficient motive to fight a duel.' I
+answered frigidly, but politely, that I did not agree with him, and
+that I was in the hands of my seconds."
+
+"But one of them, M. de Flers," remarked the President, "thought the
+quarrel trifling and said so. Another thing. Why did M. d'Ecquevillez
+tell us that the pistols belonged to him? Remember, he has given us
+details as to where he got them."
+
+"I ignore details," was the lofty response.
+
+"If you do, we don't," returned the judge.
+
+A vigorous denial was made by de Beauvallon to the suggestion that he
+was familiar with the pistols used in the duel. To convince the jury
+that he was not to be believed, the opposing counsel then told them
+that he had once pawned a watch belonging to somebody else. When the
+judge expressed himself shocked at such depravity, de Beauvallon, says
+a report, "hung his head and wept."
+
+Nor did d'Ecquevillez, the other defendant, cut a very happy figure.
+His real name was said to be Vincent, and aspersions were cast on his
+right to dub himself a "Count." He swore he had never admitted that
+the pistols belonged to him, and that de Beauvallon had borrowed them
+from the gunsmith, Desvismes. The latter, however, calling on heaven
+for support, declared the statement to be a "wicked invention."
+
+Believing in the efficacy of numbers in getting up their case,
+forty-six witnesses were assembled by the prosecution. Mlle Lievenne,
+the first of them to be examined, brought with her an atmosphere of
+the theatre, "adopting a flashy costume, in deplorably bad taste."
+"This," says a chronicler, "took the form of a blue velvet dress, a
+scarlet shawl, and a pearl-grey mantle." Altogether, a striking
+colour-scheme. But it did not help her. To the indignation of the
+examining-counsel, she affected to remember nothing, declaring that
+she had been "too busy at the supper-table, looking after the
+company."
+
+The other young women, described as "more or less actresses," who had
+also been present, appeared to be suffering from a similar loss of
+memory. Their minds, they protested, were absolutely blank as to what
+had happened at the restaurant and very little could be extracted
+from them. When they had given their evidence, they looked for seats
+in the body of the court. The Rouen ladies, however, having somewhat
+rigid standards, would not permit them to sit between the wind and
+their propriety.
+
+"Things are coming to a pretty pass," they declared, "when
+play-actresses imagine they can sit beside respectable women like
+ourselves."
+
+Thereupon, the discomfited damsels withdrew to the hard benches of the
+public gallery.
+
+Dumas, subpoenaed as a witness, drove all the way from Paris in a
+four-horsed carriage, with Mery as a travelling companion. When he
+took his place on the stand, M. de Tourville, affecting judicial
+ignorance, enquired his profession.
+
+"If," returned the other, striking an attitude, "I did not here happen
+to find myself in the country of the illustrious Corneille, I should
+call myself a dramatist."
+
+"Just so," was the caustic response, "but there are degrees among
+dramatists."
+
+Taking this for encouragement, Dumas launched out into a disquisition
+on the history of the duello through the ages that was nearly as long
+as one of his own serials. In the middle of it, a member of the jury,
+anxious to be in the limelight, asked him a question.
+
+"How does it happen," he enquired, "that Dujarier, who considered that
+a man of fashion must fight at least one duel, had never prepared
+himself by learning to shoot and fence?"
+
+"I cannot tell you," was the reply. "My son, however, told me that he
+once accompanied him to a shooting-gallery. Out of twenty shots, he
+only hit the target twice."
+
+Dumas made an exit as dramatic as his entry.
+
+"I beg," he said, "that the honourable Court will permit me to return
+to Paris, where I have a new tragedy in five acts being performed this
+evening."
+
+Lola Montez, garbed in heavy mourning, was the next summoned to give
+evidence.
+
+"When," says one who was there, "she lifted her veil and removed her
+glove, to take the prescribed oath, a murmur of admiration ran through
+the gathering." To this an impressed reporter adds: "Her lovely eyes
+appeared to the judges of a deeper black than her lace ruffles."
+
+The presiding judge had no qualms about enquiring her age; and she had
+none about lopping five years off it and declaring that she was just
+twenty-one. Nor did she advance any objection to being described, with
+Gallic candour, as the "mistress of Dujarier."
+
+During her evidence, Lola Montez, probably coached by Dumas, did just
+what was expected of her. Thus, she shed abundant tears, struck
+pathetic attitudes, and several times looked on the point of
+collapsing. But what she had to say amounted to very little. In fact,
+it was nothing more than an assertion that ill-feeling existed between
+Dujarier and de Cassagnac, the brother-in-law of de Beauvallon, and
+that the quarrel was connected with an alleged debt.
+
+Dujarier, she said, had forbidden her to make de Beauvallon's
+acquaintance, or to attend the supper at the restaurant. He had
+returned from it in an excited condition at 6 o'clock the next morning
+and told her that he would have to accept a challenge.
+
+"I was troubled about it," she said, "all day long. But for M.
+Bertrand's assurance that the encounter was to be with M. de Beauvoir,
+I would have gone to the police. You see, de Beauvoir was a
+high-minded gentleman, and would not have condescended to profit from
+the poor Dujarier's lack of skill."
+
+"Did you not," enquired counsel, "say 'I am a woman of courage, and,
+if the meeting is in order, I will not stop it'?"
+
+"Yes, but that was because I understood it was to be with de Beauvoir,
+and he would not willingly have harmed Dujarier. When I heard it was
+to be with de Beauvallon I exclaimed, 'My God! Dujarier is as good as
+dead!'"
+
+"I myself," she added, "could handle a pistol more accurately than the
+poor Dujarier; and, if he had wanted satisfaction, I should have been
+quite willing to have gone out with M. de Beauvallon myself."
+
+A murmur of applause met this assurance. Lola's attitude appealed to
+the spectators. She was clearly a woman of spirit.
+
+During the proceedings that followed some sharp things were said about
+M. Granier de Cassagnac, the accused's brother-in-law. Some of them
+were so bitter that at last he protested.
+
+"Monsieur le President," he exclaimed hotly. "I cannot bear these
+abominable attacks on myself any longer."
+
+"If you can't bear them, you can always leave the court," was the
+response.
+
+"This gentleman's indignation does not disturb me in the least," said
+the public prosecutor. "I have already had experience of it, and I
+consider it to be artificial."
+
+
+VI
+
+After all the witnesses had been examined and cross-examined, and
+bullied and threatened in the approved fashion, Maitre Duval addressed
+the jury on behalf of the dead man's relatives. In the course of this
+he delivered a powerful speech, full of passion and invective, drawing
+a parallel between this _affaire d'honneur_ and the historic one
+between Alceste and Oronte in Moliere's drama. According to him,
+Dujarier was a shining exemplar, while de Beauvallon was an
+unmitigated scoundrel, with a "past" of the worst description
+imaginable. Having once, years earlier, pledged a watch that did not
+belong to him, he had "no right to challenge anybody, much less a
+distinguished man of letters, such as the noble Dujarier." The various
+causes of the quarrel were discussed next. Counsel thought very little
+of them.
+
+De Beauvallon had complained that Dujarier had "cut" him. "Is it an
+offence," enquired M. Duval, "for one man to avoid another? Upon my
+word, M. de Beauvallon will have to kill a number of people if he
+wants to kill all those who decline the honour of his companionship."
+As for the gambling quarrel, this was not serious. What, however, was
+serious was that, on the morning of the encounter, de Beauvallon had
+gone to a shooting gallery and had some private practice with the very
+pistols that were afterwards used. This gave him an unfair advantage.
+"If," was the advocate's final effort to win a verdict, "M. de
+Beauvallon is acquitted, the result will be not only a victory for an
+improperly conducted duel, but the very custom of the duel itself will
+be dishonoured by such a decision."
+
+Leon Duval having sat down, the President turned to the defendant's
+counsel.
+
+"The word is with you, M. Berryer," he said.
+
+Maitre Berryer, a master of forensic oratory, began his address by
+contending that duelling was not prohibited by the law of France. In
+support he quoted Guizot's dictum: "Where the barbarian murders, the
+Frenchman seeks honourable combat; legislation on the subject is
+profitless; and this must be the case, since the duel is the
+complement of modern civilization."
+
+The judges were unprepared to accept this view off-hand; and, after
+consulting with the assessors, the President insisted that, whatever
+M. Berryer might say, duelling was illegal in France. Although he did
+not tell him so, it was also quite as illegal in England, where Lord
+Cardigan had, a little earlier, only just wriggled out of a conviction
+for taking part in one by a combination of false swearing and the
+subservience of his brother peers.
+
+Not in the least upset, M. Berryer advanced another point. As might
+have been expected of so accomplished an advocate, he had little
+difficulty in demolishing the elaborate, but specious and unsupported,
+hypothesis built up by the other side. Hard facts did more with the
+stolid and unimaginative Rouen jury than did picturesque embroideries.
+
+"Is the accusation true?" demanded the President.
+
+"On my honour and on my conscience, before God and before man,"
+announced the foreman, "the declaration of the jury is that it is not
+true."
+
+As a result of this finding, de Beauvallon was acquitted of the charge
+of murder. But he did not escape without penalty, for he was ordered
+to pay 20,000 francs "compensation" to the mother and Dujarier's
+relatives.
+
+"He was the only son of his mother, and she was a widow." Convinced
+that there had been a miscarriage of justice and a vast amount of
+false swearing, the dead man's friends set to work to collect other
+evidence. By a stroke of luck, they got into touch with a gardener,
+who said that he had seen de Beauvallon, in company with
+d'Ecquevillez, having some surreptitious pistol practice on the
+morning of the duel. Thereupon, the pair of them were rearrested and
+tried for perjury. Being convicted, d'Ecquevillez was sentenced to ten
+years' imprisonment and de Beauvallon to eight years. But neither
+couple stopped in durance very long. The revolution of 1848 opened the
+doors of the Conciergerie and they made good their escape, the one of
+them to Spain, and the other to his Creole relatives in Guadeloupe.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII
+
+"HOOKING A PRINCE"
+
+
+I
+
+Immediately after the Rouen trial, Lola left France, returning once
+more to Germany. Perhaps the Irish strain in her blood made her a
+little superstitious. At any rate, just before starting, she consulted
+a clairvoyante. She felt that she had her money's worth, for the Sibyl
+declared that she would "exercise much influence on a monarch and the
+destiny of a kingdom." A long shot, and, as it happened, quite a sound
+one.
+
+Her intention being, as she had candidly informed Dumas, to "hook a
+prince," she studied the _Almanach de Gotha_, and familiarised herself
+with the positions and revenues of the various "notables" accorded
+niches therein.
+
+Germany was obviously the best field to exploit, for that country just
+then was full of princes. As a matter of fact there were no less than
+thirty-six of them waiting to be "hooked." The first place to which
+she went on this errand was Baden, where, according to Ferdinand Bac,
+she "bewitched the future Emperor William I. The Prince, however,
+being warned of her syren spell, presently smiled and passed on."
+
+Better luck befell the wanderer at her next attempt to establish
+intimate contact with a member of the _hoch geboren_, Henry LXXII. His
+principality, Reuss-Lobenstein-Ebersdorf (afterwards amalgamated with
+Thuringia), had the longest name, but the smallest area, of any in the
+kingdom, for it was only about the size of a pocket-handkerchief. But
+to Lola this was of no great consequence. What, however, was of
+consequence was that he was a millionaire (in thalers) and possessed
+an inflammable heart.
+
+A great stickler for etiquette, he once published the following notice
+in his _Court Gazette_:
+
+"For twenty years it has been my express injunction that every
+official shall always be alluded to by his correct title. This
+injunction, however, has not always been obeyed. In future, therefore,
+I shall impose a fine of one thaler on any member of my staff who
+neglects to refer to another by his proper title or description."
+
+But that the Prince could unbend on occasion is revealed by another
+notification to his subjects:
+
+"His Most Serene Highness and All-Highest Self has graciously
+condescended to approve the conduct of those six members of the Reuss
+militia who recently assisted to put out a fire. With his own
+All-Highest hand he is (on production of a satisfactory birth
+certificate) even prepared to shake that of the oldest among them."
+
+Risking a prosecution for _lese-majeste_, a local laureate described
+the incident in stirring verse. An extract from this effort,
+translated by Professor J. G. Legge, in his _Rhyme and Revolution in
+Germany_, is as follows:
+
+    HONOUR TO WHOM HONOUR IS DUE
+
+    Quite recently in Reuss
+      Militia at a fire
+    (I'm sure it will rejoice you)
+      Great credit did acquire.
+
+    When this, through a memorial,
+      Their gracious Prince by Right
+    Had learned; those territorials
+      He to him did invite.
+
+    And when the good men shyly
+      Stood up before him, each
+    His Gracious Highness highly
+      Praised in a Gracious speech.
+
+    A solemn affidavit
+      (With parents' names and date)
+    Each then produced and gave it
+      --His birth certificate.
+
+    His Highness then demanded
+      The eldest of the band,
+    And clasped that horny-handed
+      With his All-Highest hand.
+
+    Now, this great deed recorded,
+      Who would not dwell for choice
+    Where heroes are rewarded
+      As in the land of Reuss?
+
+Where Lola was concerned, she very soon put a match to the
+inflammable, if arrogant, heart of Prince Henry, and, as a result, was
+"commanded" to accompany him to his miniature court at Ebersdorf. She
+did not, however, stop there very long, for, by her imperious attitude
+and contempt of etiquette, she disturbed the petty officials and
+bourgeois citizens surrounding it to such a degree that they made
+formal complaints to his High-and-Mightiness. At first he would not
+hear a word on the subject. Such was his favourite's position that
+criticism of her actions was perilously near _lese-majeste_ and
+incurred reprisals. As soon, however, as the amorous princeling
+discovered that his bank balance was being depleted considerably
+beyond the amount for which he had budgeted, he suffered a sudden
+spasm of virtue and issued marching-orders to the "Fair Impure," as
+his shocked and strait-laced Ebersdorfians dubbed the intruder among
+them. There was also some suggestion, advanced by a gardener, that she
+had a habit of taking a short cut across the princely flower-beds when
+she was in a hurry. This was the last straw.
+
+"Leave my kingdom at once," exclaimed the furious Henry. "You are
+nothing but a feminine devil!"
+
+Not in the least discomfited by this change of opinion, Lola riposted
+by presenting a lengthy and detailed account for "services rendered";
+and, when it had been met (and not before), shook the dust of
+Reuss-Lobenstein-Ebersdorf from her pretty feet.
+
+"You can keep your Thuringia," was her parting-shot. "I wouldn't have
+it as a gift."
+
+The next places at which she halted were Homburg and Carlsbad, two
+resorts then beginning to become popular and attracting a wealthy
+crowd seeking a promised "cure" for their various ills. But, finding
+the barons apt to be close-fisted, and the smart young lieutenants
+without one _pfennig_ in their pockets to rub against another, Lola
+was soon continuing her travels.
+
+In September, 1846, she found herself in Wurtemburg, where, much to
+her annoyance, she discovered that a certain Amalia Stubenrauch, a
+prepossessing damsel, who would now be called a gold-digger, had
+conquered the spare affections of King William, on whom Lola herself
+had designs. But that large-hearted monarch had, as it happened, few
+affections to spare for anybody just then, for, when she encountered
+him at Stuttgart, he was on the point of being married to Princess
+Olga of Russia. A correspondent of the _Athenaeum_, who was there to
+chronicle the wedding festivities for his paper, registered
+disapproval at her presence in the district. "From the capital of
+Wurtemburg," he announced sourly, "Lola Montez departed in the
+_schnellpost_ for Munich, unimpeded by any luggage." Somebody else,
+however (perhaps a more careful observer), is emphatic that she "went
+off with three carts full of trunks." As she always had a considerable
+wardrobe, this is quite possible.
+
+
+II
+
+When, at the suggestion of Baron Maltitz (a Homburg acquaintance who
+had suggested that she should "try her luck in Munich"), Lola set off
+for Bavaria, that country was ruled by Ludwig I. A god-child of
+Marie-Antoinette, and the son of Prince Max Joseph of Zweibrucken and
+Princess Augusta of Hesse-Darmstadt, he was born at Salzburg in 1786
+and had succeeded his father in 1825. As a young man, he had served
+with the Bavarian troops under Napoleon, and detesting the experience,
+had conceived a hatred of everything military. This hatred was so
+strongly developed that he would not permit his sons to wear uniform.
+Under his regime the military estimates were cut down to the bone. The
+army, he said, was a "waste of money," and he grudged every _pfennig_
+it cost the annual budget. He did his best to abolish conscription,
+but had to abandon the effort. For all, too, that he was a god-son of
+Marie-Antoinette, he had no love for France.
+
+[Illustration: _Porte St. Martin Theatre, Paris, where Lola was a
+"flop"_]
+
+Ludwig's sister, Louisa, exchanging her religion for a consort's
+crown, was the wife of the Czar Alexander I; and he himself was
+married to the Princess Theresa of Saxe-Hildburghausen, a lady
+described as "plain, but exemplary." Still, so far as personal
+appearance goes, Ludwig himself was no Adonis. Nestitz, indeed, has
+pictured him as "having a toothless jaw and an expressionless
+countenance." But his consort did her duty; and, at approved
+intervals, presented him with a quiverful of four sons and three
+daughters. Of his sons, one of them, Otto, was, as a lad of sixteen,
+selected by the Congress of London to be King of Greece, much to the
+fury of the Czar Nicholas, who held that this was a cunning, if
+diplomatic, attempt to set up a Byzantine empire among the Hellenes.
+"Were I," he said in a despatch on the subject, "to give my
+countenance to such a step, I should nullify myself in the eyes of my
+Church." Nesselrode, however, was of another opinion. "It is
+unbecoming," he was daring enough to inform his master, "for the
+Emperor of Russia to question a step upon which the Greeks themselves
+are not in entire accord." A remarkable utterance. Politicians had
+gone to Siberia for less. Palmerston, too, had his way, and Otto,
+escorted by a warship, left his fatherland. On arriving in Athens, the
+joy-bells rang out and the columns of the Parthenon were flood-lit.
+But the choice was not to the popular taste; and it was not long
+before Otto was extinguished, as well as the lights. By the irony of
+fate, he returned to Munich on the very day that Ludwig had erected a
+Doric arch to commemorate the activities of the House of Wittelsbach
+in securing the Liberation of Greece.
+
+Despite this untoward happening, Ludwig remained an ardent
+Phil-Hellene; and, as such, conceived the idea of converting his
+capital into a mixture of Athens and Florence and a metropolis of all
+the arts. Under his fostering care, Munich was brought to bed of a
+succession of temples and columns, and sprouted pillars and porticoes
+in every direction. The slums and alleys and huddle of houses in the
+old enceinte were swept away, and replaced by broad boulevards,
+fringed with museums and churches and picture galleries. For many of
+the principal public buildings he went to good models. Thus, one of
+them, the Koenigsbau, was copied from the Pitti Palace; a second from
+the Loggia de' Lanzi; and a third from St. Paul's at Rome. He also
+built a Walhalla, at Ratisbon, in which to preserve the effigies of
+his more distinguished countrymen. Yet, although it ran to size, there
+was no niche in it for Luther.
+
+In his patronage of the fine arts, Ludwig followed in the footsteps of
+the Medici. During his regime, he did much to raise the standard of
+taste among his subjects. Martin Wagner and von Hallerstein were
+commissioned by him to travel in Greece and Italy and secure choice
+sculpture and pictures for his galleries and museums. The best of them
+found a home in the Glyptothek and the Pinakothek, two enormous
+buildings in the Doric style, the cost of which he met from his privy
+purse. Another of his hobbies was to play the Maecenas; and any
+budding author or artist who came to him with a manuscript in his
+pocket or a canvas under his arm was certain of a welcome.
+
+We all have our little weaknesses. That of Ludwig of Bavaria was that
+he was a poet. He was so sure of this that he not only produced yards
+of turgid verse, defying every law of construction and metre, but he
+even had some of it printed. A volume of selections from his Muse,
+entitled _Walhalla's Genossen_, was published for him by Baron Cotta,
+and, like the Indian shawls of Queen Victoria, did regular duty as a
+wedding-gift. One effort was dedicated "To Myself as King," and
+another "To my Sister, the Empress of Austria"; and a number of choice
+extracts were translated and appeared in an English guide-book.
+
+Ignoring the divinity that should have hedged their author, Heine was
+very caustic about this royal assault upon Parnassus. Ludwig riposted
+by banishing him from the capital. Still, if he disapproved of this
+one, he added to his library the output of other bards, not
+necessarily German. But, while Browning was there, Tennyson had no
+place on his shelves. One, however, was found for Martin Tupper.
+
+Ludwig cultivated friendly relations with England, and did all he
+could (within limits) to promote an _entente_. Thus, on the occasion
+of a chance visit to Munich by Lord Combermere, he "sent the
+distinguished traveller a message to the effect that a horse and
+saddlery, with aide-de-camp complete, were at his service." His
+companion, however, a member of the Foreign Office Staff, who had
+forgotten to pack his uniform--or in John Bull fashion had declined to
+do so--did not fare so well, since his name was struck off the list of
+"eligibles" to attend the palace functions. Thereupon, says Lord
+Combermere, he "wrote an angry letter to the chamberlain, commenting
+on the absurdity of the restriction."
+
+But Ludwig's opinion of diplomatists was also somewhat unflattering,
+for, of a certain embassy visited by him on his travels, he wrote:
+
+    "A Theatre once--and now an Ambassador's dwelling.
+    Still, thou are what thou wast--the abode of deception."
+
+A strange mixture of Henry IV and Haroun-al-Raschid, Ludwig of Bavaria
+was a man of contradictions. At one moment he was lavishly generous;
+at another, incredibly mean. He could be an autocrat to his finger
+tips, and insist on the observance of the most minute points of
+etiquette; and he could also be as democratic as anybody who ever
+waved a red flag. Thus, he would often walk through the streets as a
+private citizen, and without an escort. Yet, when he did so, he
+insisted on being recognised and having compliments paid him. The
+traffic had to be held up and hats doffed at his approach.
+
+Nowadays, he would probably have been clapped into a museum as a
+curiosity.
+
+Such, then, was the monarch whose path was to be crossed, with
+historic and unexpected consequences to each of them, by Lola Montez.
+
+
+III
+
+On arriving in Munich, Lola called on the manager of the Hof Theatre.
+As this individual already knew of her Paris fiasco, instead of an
+engagement from him, she met with a rebuff. Quite undisturbed,
+however, by such an experience, she hurried off to the palace, and
+commanded the astonished door-keeper to take her straight to the King.
+
+The flunkey referred her to Count Rechberg, the aide-de-camp on duty.
+With him Lola had more success. Boldness conquered where bashfulness
+would have failed. After a single swift glance, Count Rechberg decided
+that the applicant was eligible for admission to the "Presence," and
+reported the fact to his master.
+
+But Ludwig already knew something of the candidate for terpsichorean
+honours. As it happened, that very morning he had received from Herr
+Frays, the director of the Hof Theatre, a letter, telling him that, on
+the advice of his _premiere-danseuse_, Fraeulein Frenzal, he had
+refused to give her an engagement. Count Rechberg's florid description
+of her charms, however, decided His Majesty to use his own judgment.
+But he did not give in easily.
+
+"Is it suggested," he demanded acidly, "that I should receive all
+these would-be ballerinas and put them through their paces? They come
+here by the dozen. Why am I troubled with such nonsense?"
+
+"Sire," returned Rechberg, greatly daring, but with Lola's magnetism
+still upon him, "you will not regret it. I assure you this one is an
+exception. She is delightful. That is the only word for it. Never have
+I seen anybody to equal her. Such grace, such charm, such ----"
+
+"Pooh!" interrupted Ludwig, cutting short the threatened rhapsodies,
+"your swan is probably a goose. Most of them are. Still, now that
+she's here, let her come in. If she isn't any good, I'll soon send her
+about her business."
+
+Brave words, but they availed him nothing. Ludwig shot one glance at
+the woman who stood before him, and capitulated utterly.
+
+A sudden thrill passed through him. His sixty years fell away in a
+flash. A river of blood surged through his sexagenarian arteries. His
+boast recoiled upon himself. Rechberg had not deceived him.
+
+"What has happened to me?" he muttered feebly. "I am bewitched." Then,
+as the newcomer stood smiling at him in all her warm loveliness, he
+found his tongue.
+
+"Mademoiselle, you say you can dance. Well, let me see what you can
+do. Count Rechberg, you may leave us."
+
+"Do I dance here, in this room, Your Majesty?"
+
+"Certainly."
+
+Lola wanted nothing better. The opportunity for which she had been
+planning and scheming ever since she left Paris had come at last.
+Well, she would make the most of it. Not in the least perturbed that
+there was no accompaniment, and no audience but His Majesty, she
+executed a _pas seul_ there and then. It was a "royal performance,"
+and eminently successful. Her feet tripped lightly across the polished
+floor, and danced their way straight into Ludwig's heart.
+
+"You shall dance before the public," he announced. "I will myself give
+orders to the director of the Hof Theatre."
+
+Luise von Kobell, when a schoolgirl, encountered her by chance just
+after her arrival, and thus records the impression she received:
+
+     As I was walking in the Briennerstrasse, not far from the
+     Bayersdorf Palace, I saw a veiled lady, wearing a black gown
+     and carrying a fan, coming towards me. Something flashed
+     across my vision, and I suddenly stood still, completely
+     dazzled by the eyes into which I stared, and which shone
+     from a pale countenance that lit up with a laughing
+     expression at my bewilderment. Then she swept past me; and
+     I, forgetting what my governess had said about looking
+     round, stared after her until she disappeared.... "That,"
+     said my father, when I reached home and recounted my
+     adventure, "must have been Lola Montez, the Spanish dancer."
+
+The next evening little Fraeulein von Kobell saw her again at the Hof
+Theatre, where her first appearance before the Munich public was made
+on October 10, 1846.
+
+     Lola Montez assumed the centre of the stage. She was not
+     dressed in the customary tights and short skirts of a
+     ballerina, but in a Spanish costume of silk and lace, in
+     which shone at intervals a diamond. It seemed as if fire
+     darted from her wonderful blue eyes, and she bowed like one
+     of the Graces at the King in the royal box. She danced after
+     the manner of her country, bending on her hips and
+     alternating one posture with another, each rivalling the
+     former one in beauty.
+
+     While she was dancing she held the attention of all;
+     everybody's eyes followed her sinuous movements, now
+     indicative of glowing passion, now of frolicsomeness. Not
+     until she ceased her rhythmic swayings was the spell
+     interrupted. The audience went mad with rapture, and the
+     entire dance had to be repeated over and over again.
+
+Ludwig, ensconced in the royal box, could not take his eyes off her.
+During an _entr'acte_ he scribbled a verse:
+
+    Happy movements, clear and near,
+      Are in thy living grace.
+    Supple and tender, as a deer
+      Art thou, of Andalusian race!
+
+"_Wunderschoen!_" declared an admiring aide-de-camp to whom he showed
+it.
+
+"_Kolossal!_" echoed a second, not to be outdone in recognising
+laureateship.
+
+As, however, the cheers were mingled with a few hisses ("due to the
+report that the newcomer was an English Freemason, and wanted to
+destroy the Catholic religion"), the next evening the management took
+the precaution of filling the pit with a leather-lunged and
+horny-handed _claque_. This time the bill consisted of a comedy, _Der
+Weiberseind von Benedix_, followed by a cachucha and a fandango with
+Herr Opsermann for a dancing-partner.
+
+Lola's success was assured; and Herr Frays, who had started by
+refusing to let her appear, was now full of grovelling apologies. He
+offered her a contract. But Lola, having other ideas as to how her
+time should be employed in Munich, would not accept it.
+
+"Thank you for nothing," she said. "When I asked you for an
+engagement, you told me I was not good enough to dance in your
+theatre. Well, I have now proved to both Fraeulein Frenzal and yourself
+that I am. That is all I care about, and I shall not dance again,
+either for you or for anybody else."
+
+If she had known enough German, she would probably have added: "Put
+that in your pipe and smoke it!"
+
+Munich in those days must have proved attractive to people with small
+incomes. Thus, Edward Wilberforce, who spent some years there, says
+that meat was fivepence a pound, beer twopence-halfpenny a quart, and
+servants' wages eight shillings a month. But there were drawbacks.
+
+"The city," says an English guide-book of this period, "has the
+reputation of being a very dissolute capital." Yet it swarmed with
+churches. The police, too, exercised a strict watch upon the hotel
+registers; and, as a result of their activities, a "French visitor was
+separated from his feminine companion on grounds of public morality."
+
+"None of your Parisian looseness for us!" said the City Fathers.
+
+But Lola appears to have avoided any such rigid censorship. At any
+rate, a certain Auguste Papon (a mixture of pimp and _souteneur_),
+whom she had met in Paris, happened to be in Munich at the same time
+as herself. The intimacy was revived; and, as he did not possess the
+entree to the Court, for some weeks they lived together at the Hotel
+Maulich. In the spring of 1847 a young Guardsman found himself in the
+town, on his way back to England from Kissengen. He records that, not
+knowing who she was, he sat next Lola Montez at dinner one evening,
+and gives an instance of her quick temper. "On the floor between us,"
+he says, "was an ice-pail, with a bottle of champagne. A sudden
+quarrel occurred with her neighbour, a Bavarian lieutenant; and,
+applying her foot to the bucket, she sent it flying the length of the
+room."
+
+
+IV
+
+Lola certainly made the running. Five days after she first met him,
+Ludwig summoned all the officials of the Court, and astonished (and
+shocked) them by introducing her with the remark: "Gentlemen, I have
+the honour to present to you my best friend. See to it that you accord
+her every possible respect." He also compelled his long suffering
+spouse to admit her to the Order of the Chanoines of St. Therese, a
+distinction for which--considering her somewhat lurid "past"--this new
+recipient was scarcely eligible.
+
+When he heard that instructions had been issued for paying special
+compliments to her, Mr. _Punch_ registered severe disapproval.
+
+"It is a good joke," he remarked, "to call upon others to uphold the
+dignity of one who is always at some freak or other to lower herself."
+
+When she first sailed in dramatic fashion into the orbit of Bavaria's
+sovereign, Lola Montez was just twenty-seven. In the full noontide of
+her beauty and allurement, she was well equipped with what the modern
+jargon calls sex-appeal. Big-bosomed and with generously swelling
+curves, "her form," says Eduard Fuchs, "was provocation incarnate."
+Fuchs, who was an expert on the subject of feminine attractions, knew
+what he was talking about. "Shameless and impudent," adds Heinrich von
+Treitschke, "and as insatiable in her voluptuous desires as Sempronia,
+she could converse with charm among friends; manage mettlesome horses;
+sing in thrilling fashion; and recite amorous poems in Spanish. The
+King, an admirer of feminine beauty, yielded to her magic. It was as
+if she had given him a love philtre. For her he forgot himself; he
+forgot the world; and he even forgot his royal dignity."
+
+The fact that Lola always wore a Byronic collar helped the theory,
+held by many, that she was a daughter of the poet. But her real reason
+for adopting the style was that she had a lovely neck, and this set it
+off to the best advantage. She studied the art of dress and gave it an
+immense amount of care. Where this matter was concerned, no trouble or
+care was too much. Her favourite material was velvet, which she
+considered--and quite justifiably--to exercise an erotic effect on men
+of a certain age. She was insistent, too, that the contours of her
+figure ("her quivering thighs and all the demesnes adjacent thereto")
+should be clearly revealed, and in a distinctly provocative fashion.
+This, of course, was not far removed from exhibitionism. As a result,
+bourgeois opinion was outraged. The wives of the petty officials
+shopping in the Marienplatz shuddered, and clutched their ample skirts
+when they saw her; anxious mothers instructed dumpy Fraeuleins "not to
+look like the foreign woman." There is no authoritative record that
+any of them did so.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII
+
+LUDWIG THE LOVER
+
+
+I
+
+Lola Montez had done better than "hook a prince." A lot better. She
+had now "hooked" a sovereign. Her ripe warm beauty sent the thin blood
+coursing afresh through Ludwig's sluggish veins. There it wrought a
+miracle. He was turned sixty, but he felt sixteen.
+
+The conversation of Robert Burns is said to have "swept a duchess off
+her feet." Perhaps it did. But that of Lola Montez had a similar
+effect on a monarch. Under the magic of her spell, this one became
+rejuvenated. The years were stripped from him; he was once more a boy.
+With his charmer beside him, he would wander through the Nymphenburg
+Woods and under the elms in the Englischer Garten, telling her of his
+dreams and fancies. His passion for Greece was forgotten. Pericles was
+now Romeo.
+
+    _In dem Suden ist die Liebe,
+    Da ist Licht und da ist Glut!_
+
+that is,
+
+    In the south there is love,
+    There is light and there is heat,
+
+sang Ludwig.
+
+Yet Lola Montez was not by any means the first who ever burst into the
+responsive heart of Ludwig I. She had many predecessors there. One of
+them was an Italian syren. But that Lola soon ousted her is clear from
+a poetical effort of which the royal troubadour was delivered. This
+begins:
+
+    _Tropfen der Seligkeit und ein Meer von bitteren Leiden
+      Die Italienerin gab--Seligkeit, Seligkeit nur
+    Laessest Du mich entzuendend, begeistert, befaendig empfinden,
+      In der Spanierin fand Liebe und Leben ich nur!_
+
+A free rendering of this passionate heart throb would read very much
+as follows:
+
+    Drops of bliss and a sea of bitter sorrow
+      The Italian woman gave me. Bliss, only bliss,
+    Thou gav'st my enraptured heart and soul and spirit.
+      In the Spanish woman alone have I found Love and Life!
+
+Ludwig had a prettier name for his inamorata than the "feminine devil"
+of Henry LXXII of Reuss. He called her the "Lovely Andalusian" and the
+"Woman of Spain." She also inspired him to fresh poetic flights. One
+of these ran:
+
+    Thine eyes are blue as heavenly vaults
+      Touched by the balmy air;
+    And like the raven's plumage is
+      Thy dark and glistening hair!
+
+There were several more verses.
+
+A feature of the Residenz Palace was a collection of old masters.
+Wanting to add a young mistress, Ludwig allotted a place of honour
+among them to a portrait of Lola Montez, from the brush of Josef
+Stieler. The work was well done, for the artist was inspired by his
+subject; and he painted her wearing a costume of black velvet, with a
+touch of colour added by red carnations in her head-dress.
+
+Ludwig's heart being large, _Die Schoenheitengalerie_ (as the "Gallery
+of Beauties" was called) filled two separate rooms. The one
+qualification for securing a niche on the walls being a pretty face,
+the collection included the Princess Alexandra of Bavaria (daughter of
+the King of Greece), the Archduchess Sophie of Austria, and the
+Baroness de Kruedener (catalogued as the "spiritual sister" of the Czar
+Alexander I), a popular actress, Charlotte Hagen, a ballet-dancer,
+Antoinette Wallinger, and the daughters of the Court butcher and the
+municipal town-crier. To these were added a quartet of Englishwomen,
+in Lady Milbanke (the wife of the British Minister), Lady
+Ellenborough, Lady Jane Erskine, and Lady Teresa Spence. It was to
+this gallery that Ludwig was accustomed to retire for a couple of
+hours every evening, to "meditate" on the charms of its occupants.
+Being, however, possessed of generous instincts, and always ready
+(within limits) to share his good things, the public were admitted on
+Sunday afternoons.
+
+But Ludwig could scratch, as well as purr. On one occasion he chanced
+to meet a lady who had figured among the occupants of the
+_Schoenheiten_. She was considerably past the first flush of youth, and
+Ludwig, exercising his prerogative, affected not to remember her.
+
+"But, Sire," she protested, "I used to be in your gallery."
+
+"That, madame," was the response, "must have been a very long time
+ago. You would certainly not be there now."
+
+
+II
+
+From her modest hotel, where, soon tiring of his society, she left
+Auguste Papon to stay by himself, Lola took up fresh quarters in a
+small villa which the King had placed at her disposal in the
+Theresienstrasse, a boulevard conveniently near the Hofgarten and the
+Palace. While comfortable enough, it was held to be merely a temporary
+arrangement. There was not enough room in it for Lola to expand her
+wings. She wanted to establish a _salon_ and to give receptions.
+Accordingly, she demanded something more suitable. It meant spending
+money, and Ludwig had already, he reflected, spent a great deal on her
+whims and fancies. Still, under pressure, he came round, and, agreeing
+that there must be a fitting nest for his love-bird (with a perch in
+it for himself), he summoned his architect, Metzger, and instructed
+him to build one in the more fashionable Barerstrasse.
+
+"No expense is to be spared," he said.
+
+None was spared.
+
+[Illustration: _Supper-Party at Les Freres Provencaux. First act in a
+Tragedy_]
+
+The new dwelling, which adjoined the Karolinen Platz, was really a
+bijou palace, modelled on the Italian style. Everything in it was of
+the best, for Ludwig had cash and Lola had taste. Thus, her toilet-set
+was of silver ware; her china and glass came from Dresden: the rooms
+were filled with costly nicknacks; mirrors and cabinets and vases and
+bronzes; richly-bound books on the shelves; and valuable tapestries
+and pictures on the walls. French elegance, added to Munich art, with
+a touch of solid English comfort in the shape of easy chairs and
+couches.
+
+To check a playful habit that the Munich mob had of throwing bricks
+through them, when they had drunk more beer than they could carry, the
+windows were fitted with iron grilles. As a further precaution, a
+mounted officer always accompanied the Barerstrasse chatelaine when
+she was driving in public, and sentries stood at the door, to keep the
+curious at a respectful distance.
+
+A description of the Barerstrasse nest was sent to London by a
+privileged journalist who had inspected it:
+
+"The style of luxury in which Lola Montez lives here passes all
+bounds. Nothing to equal it has been met with in Munich. It might
+almost be an Aladdin's palace! The walls of her bed-chamber are hung
+with guipure and costly satin. The furniture is of Louis XV era, and
+the mantelpiece is of valuable Sevres porcelain. The garden is filled
+with rare flowers, and the carriages and horses in the stables are the
+wonder and envy of the honest burghers."
+
+"The Queen herself could not be better housed," said Lola delightedly,
+when she saw all the luxuries of which she was now the mistress.
+
+"You are my Queen," declared Ludwig fondly.
+
+While Lola, to please her patron, grappled with the intricacies of the
+German tongue, Ludwig, to please his charmer, took lessons from her in
+Spanish. She still stuck to her Andalusian upbringing, and is said
+(but the report lacks confirmation) to have introduced him to a
+Kempis. This, however, is probably a misprint for Don Quixote. None
+the less, her inspiration was such that her pupil could write:
+
+    Thou dost not wound thy lover with heartless tricks;
+    Nor dost thou play with him wantonly.
+    Thou art not for self; thy nature is generous and kind.
+    My beloved! Thou art munificent and unchanging.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    "Give me happiness!" I begged with fierce longing.
+    And happiness I received from thee, thou Woman of Spain!
+
+Notwithstanding the suggestion implied by this assurance, Lola always
+insisted that her relations with the King were purely platonic. While
+this view is a little difficult to accept, it is significant that
+Ludwig's lawful spouse never objected to their "friendship." Her
+Majesty, however, was of a placid temperament. Perhaps, too, she
+thought that the fancy would not endure. If so, she was wrong, for,
+with the passage of time, the newcomer was obviously consolidating her
+position. "Lola Montez, of horse-whipping notoriety," remarked a
+journalist, "appears to be increasing in favour at the Court of
+Bavaria. The Queen calls her 'My dear,' and the ladies consider it
+their duty to caress the one who has all the world of Munich at her
+feet."
+
+During the summer, Ludwig, divesting himself of the cares of state,
+retired to his castle at Bruckenau, picturesquely situated in the
+Fulda Forest; and Lola, attended by a squadron of Cuirassiers,
+accompanied him to this retreat. There, as in the Nymphenburg Park,
+Ludwig dreamed dreams, while Lola amused herself with the officers of
+the escort. Halcyon days--and nights. They inspired His Majesty with
+yet another "poem":
+
+      SONG OF WALHALLA
+
+    Through the holy dome, oh come,
+    Brothers, let us roam along;
+    Let from thousand throats the hum
+    Rise, like rivers, swift and strong!
+
+    When the notes have died away
+      Let us clasp each other's hand;
+    And, to high Heaven, let us pray
+      For our dearest Fatherland!
+
+While she accorded it full value, Lola Montez did not depend on mere
+beauty for her power. She had a markedly sadistic vein in her
+composition; and, when annoyed, was not above laying about her right
+and left with a dog-whip that she always carried. An impudent lackey
+would be flogged into submission, or set upon by a fierce mastiff that
+she kept at her heels. High office, too, meant nothing to her. She
+boxed the ears of Baron Pechman; and, because he chanced to upset her,
+she encouraged her four-coated companion to tear the best trousers of
+Professor Lasaulx, the nephew of Goerrez, a Cabinet Minister.
+
+Her English bulldog (with apparently a strain of Presbyterian blood in
+him) had an unerring scent for Jesuits. He seemed to disapprove of
+their principles as much as his mistress did, and would attack them at
+sight. This animal would also appear to have been something of a
+prohibitionist. At any rate, he once bit a brewer's carman, delivering
+goods to a _bierkeller_. When the victim expostulated, Lola struck him
+with her whip. This infuriated the crowd to such an extent that she
+had to take refuge in a shop. There she happened to jostle a
+lieutenant, who, not recognising her, ventured on a protest. The next
+morning he received a challenge from a fire-eating comrade, alleging
+that he had "insulted a lady." Because the challenge was refused, a
+"court of honour" had him deprived of his commission.
+
+
+III
+
+What a distressed commentator has dubbed the "equivocal position" of
+Lola Montez at Munich also stuck in the gullet of the Cabinet, and
+heads were shaken. Public affronts were offered her. When she visited
+the Odeon Theatre, the stalls adjoining the one she occupied were
+promptly emptied. "Respectable women drew back, exhibiting on their
+countenances disgust and terror." But the masculine members of the
+audience were less exclusive, or perhaps made of sterner material, for
+they displayed eagerness to fill up the vacant stalls. "A new chivalry
+was born," says a chronicler of town gossip, "and paladins were
+anxious to act as a buckler."
+
+With the passage of time the infatuation of the Wittelsbach Lovelace
+became so marked that it could not be ignored in places beyond Munich.
+The Countess Bernstorff grew seriously perturbed. "There has long been
+talk," she confided to a friend, "as to whether King Ludwig would so
+far presume on the kindness and indulgence of the Queen of Prussia as
+to bring Lola Montez to Court during Her Majesty's forthcoming stay in
+Munich." The problem, however, was solved by the tactful action of
+Lola herself, who gave the palace a wide berth until the visit had
+come to an end.
+
+In his _Memoirs of Madam Jenny Lind-Goldschmidt_ shocked horror is
+similarly expressed by Canon Scott Holland at the possibility of the
+Swedish Nightingale, who was arranging to give a concert there,
+encountering Lola in her audience:
+
+     The time fixed for this visit to Munich was, in one respect,
+     most unpropitious; and, for a young artist, unsupported by
+     powerful moral protection, the visit itself might well have
+     proved extremely unpleasant. It was impossible to sing at
+     Court, for the reigning spirit in the household of King
+     Ludwig I was the notorious Lola Montez, who was then at the
+     climax of her ill-gotten power. To have been brought into
+     contact with such a person would have been intolerable. An
+     invitation to Court would have rendered such contact
+     inevitable.
+
+But if Jenny Lind adopted a lofty attitude and refused to fulfil an
+engagement in the Bavarian capital, lest she should have chanced to
+rub shoulders with Ludwig's mistress, other visitors did not share
+these qualms. They arrived in battalions, and evinced no
+disinclination to make her acquaintance. "To the shame of the
+aristocracy and the arts," says a rigid commentator, "every day there
+were to be found at the feet of this Cyprian intruder a throng of
+princes and philosophers, authors and painters, and sculptors and
+musicians."
+
+Fresh tactics to get her out of Munich were then adopted. When,
+however, somebody remarked that Ludwig was old enough to be her
+grandfather, she sent him away with a flea in his ear.
+
+"It is ridiculous to talk like that," she said. "My Ludwig's heart is
+young. If you knew the strength of his passion, you would not credit
+him with being more than twenty!"
+
+As for Ludwig himself he was bombarded with anonymous letters and
+warnings, calling Lola by every evil name that occurred to the
+writers. She was La Pompadour and the Sempronia of Sallust in one, a
+"voluptuous woman," and a "flame of desire." There were also tearful
+protests from the higher clergy, who, headed by Archbishop
+Diepenbrock, were positive that the "dancing woman" was an emissary of
+Satan (sometimes they said of Lord Palmerston) sent from England to
+destroy the Catholic religion in Bavaria.
+
+Ludwig was curt with His Grace. "You stick to your _stola_," he said,
+"and let me stick to my Lola."
+
+A soft answer, perhaps; but not a very satisfactory one.
+
+"It is all very well for kings to have mistresses," was the opinion of
+the more broad-minded, "but they should select them from their own
+countrywomen. This one is a foreigner. Why should our hard-earned
+money be lavished on her?" The grievance was, as it happened, well
+founded, for Lola was drawing 20,000 marks a year, wrung from the
+pockets of the tax-payers.
+
+Baron Pechman, the Chief of Police, had a bad reception when he
+suggested that the populace might get out of control.
+
+"If you can't manage the mob," said Ludwig, turning on him furiously,
+"I'll get someone who can. A change of air may do you good."
+
+The next morning the discomfited Baron Pechman found himself _degomme_
+and a successor appointed to his office.
+
+The intrigue was too openly conducted to be "hushed up." Word of what
+was happening in Munich soon filtered through to Vienna. Queen
+Caroline-Augusta, Ludwig's sister, shook her head. "Alas," she sighed,
+"my wretched brother is always bringing fresh shame on me." She wrote
+him letters of tearful protest. They were ignored. She protested by
+word of mouth. Ludwig, in unbrotherly fashion, told her to "mind her
+own business." Caroline's next move was to take clerical counsel.
+"These creatures are always venal," said the Jesuits. "They only care
+for cash." An emissary was accordingly despatched to the Barerstrasse
+mansion, to convey an offer. Unfortunately, however, he had not
+advanced beyond "_Gnaedige Frau, erlauben_," when he himself
+capitulated to Lola's charms, and returned to the Hofburg, his task
+unaccomplished. Still, he must have made out some sort of story to
+save his face, for the Princess Melanie wrote: "Our good Senfft has
+come back. He was unable to speak to Lola Montez. The poor country of
+Bavaria is in a sad condition, which gets worse every day."
+
+The least disturbed individual appeared to be Queen Therese. Her
+attitude was one of placidity itself. But perhaps she was, by this
+time, accustomed to the dalliance of her Ludwig along the primrose
+path. Also, she probably knew by experience that it was not the
+smallest use making a fuss. The milk was spilled. To cry over it now
+would be a wasted effort.
+
+The King's favourite was good "copy" for the Bavarian press; and the
+Munich journals were filled with accounts of her activities. Not in
+the least upset by their uncomplimentary references to himself, Ludwig
+instructed his librarian, Herr Lichenthaler, to collect all the
+pasquinades, lampoons, squibs, and caricatures (many of them far from
+flattering, and others verging on the indecent) that appeared and have
+them sumptuously bound. It was not long before enough had been
+assembled to fill half a dozen volumes. His idea was "to preserve for
+posterity all this mountain of mud, as a witness of Bavaria's shame."
+That somebody else was responsible for the "shame" did not occur to
+him.
+
+A choice specimen among the collection was one entitled _Lola Montez,
+oder Des Mench gehoert dem Koenige_ ("Lola Montez, or the Wench who
+belongs to the King"). There was also a scurrilous, and distinctly
+blasphemous, broadsheet, purporting to be Lola's private version of
+the Lord's Prayer:
+
+     "Our Father, in whom throughout my life, I have never yet
+     had much belief, all's well with me. Hallowed be thy
+     name--so far as I am concerned. Thy kingdom come, that is,
+     my bags of gold, my polished diamonds, and my unpolished
+     Alemannia. Thy will be done, if thou wilt destroy my
+     enemies. Give me this day champagne and truffles and
+     pheasant, and all else that is delectable, for I have a very
+     good appetite.... Lead me not into temptation to return to
+     this country, for, even if I were bullet-proof, I might be
+     arrested, clapped into a cage, and six francs charged for a
+     peep at me. Amen!"
+
+
+IV
+
+Those were the days when gentlemen (at any rate, Bavarians) did not
+necessarily prefer blondes. Lola's raven locks were much more to their
+taste. If she were not a success in the ballet, she was certainly one
+in the boudoir. Of a hospitable and gregarious disposition, she kept
+what amounted to open house in her Barerstrasse villa. Every morning
+she held an informal levee there, at which any stranger who sent in
+his card was welcome to call and pay his respects; and in the
+evenings, when she was not dancing attendance on Ludwig at the Palace,
+the Barerstrasse reception would be followed by a soiree. These
+gatherings attracted--in addition to a throng of artists and authors
+and musicians--professors and scholars from all over Europe; and, as
+Gertrude Aretz remarks, in her admirable study, _The Elegant Woman_
+(with considerable reference to this one): "the best intellects of her
+century helped to draw her victorious chariot." The uncultured mob,
+however, dubbed her a "Fair Impire" and a "Light o' Love," and flung
+even stronger and still more uncomplimentary epithets. Their subject,
+however, received them with a laugh. The shopkeepers, with an eye to
+business, embellished their wares with her portrait; and the
+University students, headed by Fritz Peissner, serenaded her in front
+of her windows.
+
+    _Lolita schoen, wie Salamoni's Weiber.
+    Welch 'suszer Reis flog ueber dich dahin!_
+
+they sang in rousing chorus.
+
+Among the students engaged in amassing light and learning at the
+University of Munich, there were a number of foreigners. One of them
+was a young American, Charles Godfrey Leland ("Hans Breitmann"), who
+had gone there, he says, to "study aesthetics." But this did not take
+up all his time, for, during the intervals of attending classes, he
+managed to see something of Lola Montez. "I must," he says, "have had
+a great moral influence on her, for, so far as I am aware, I am the
+only friend she ever had at whom she never threw a plate or a book, or
+attacked with a dagger, poker, broom, or other deadly weapon.... I
+always had a strange and great respect for her singular talents. There
+were few, indeed, if any there, were, who really knew the depths of
+that wild Irish soul."
+
+In another passage Leland offers further details: "The great, the
+tremendous, celebrity at that time in Munich was also an opera dancer,
+though not on the stage. This was Lola Montez, the King's last
+favourite.... She wished to run the whole kingdom and government, kick
+out the Jesuits, and kick up the devil, generally speaking.
+
+"One of her most intimate friends was wont to tell her that she and I
+had many very strange characteristics in common, which we shared with
+no one else, while we differed utterly in other respects. It was very
+like both of us, for Lola, when defending the existence of the soul
+against an atheist, to tumble over a great trunk of books of the most
+varied kind, till she came to an old vellum-bound copy of _Apuleius_,
+and proceed to establish her views according to his subtle
+neo-Platonism. But she romanced and embroidered so much in
+conversation that she did not get credit for what she really knew."
+
+Well, if it comes to that, Leland for his part was not above
+"romancing" and "embroidering." His books are full of these qualities.
+"Marvels," says a biographer, "fill his descriptions of student life
+at Munich. Interesting people figure in his reminiscences....
+Prominent among them was Lola Montez, the King's favourite of the day,
+cordially hated by all Munich for an interference in public affairs,
+hardly to be expected from the 'very small, pale, and thin or _frele_
+little person with beautiful blue eyes and curly black hair' who flits
+across the pages of the Memoirs."
+
+If this were Leland's real opinion of Lola's appearance, he must have
+formed it after drinking too much of the Munich beer of which he was
+so fond. He seems to have drunk a good deal at times, as he admits in
+one passage: "after the dinner and wine, I drank twelve _schoppens_."
+A dozen imperial pints would take some swallowing, and not leave the
+memory unclouded as to subsequent events.
+
+
+V
+
+Despite the alleged Spanish blood in her veins, Lola (with, perhaps,
+some dim stirring of memory for the far-off Montrose chapter) declared
+herself a staunch Protestant, and, like her pet bull dog, disavowed
+the Jesuits and all their works. Hence, she supported the Liberal
+Government; and, as an earnest of her intentions, started operations
+by attempting to establish contact with von Abel, the head of the
+Ultramontane Ministry. He, however, affecting to be hurt at the bare
+suggestion, would have nothing to do with the "Scarlet Woman," as he
+did not scruple to call her. Following his example, the clerical press
+redoubled their attacks. As a result, Lola decided to form an
+opposition and to have a party of her own. For this purpose she
+turned to some of the younger students, among whom she had a
+particular admirer in one Fritz Peissner. In response to her smiles,
+he, together with Count Hirschberg and a number of his friends,
+embodied themselves in a special corps, pledged to act as her
+bodyguard. Its members elected to be known as the Alemannia, and
+invited her to accept the position of _Ehren-Schwester_ ("honorary
+sister"). Lola was quite agreeable, and reciprocated by setting apart
+a room in her villa where the swash-bucklers could meet. Not to be
+outdone in paying compliments, the Alemannia planted a tree in her
+garden on Christmas Day. Their distinguishing badge (which would now
+probably be a black shirt) was a red cap. As was inevitable, they were
+very soon at daggers drawn with the representatives of the other
+University Corps, who, having long-established traditions, looked upon
+the newcomers as upstarts, and fights between them were constantly
+occurring when they met in public. Altogether, Ludwig had reason to
+regret his action in transferring the University from its original
+setting at Landshut. On the other hand, Councillor Berks, a thick and
+thin champion of Lola (and not above taking her lap-dogs for an airing
+in the Hofgarten), supported the Alemannia, declaring them to be "an
+example to corrupt youth." Prince Leiningen retaliated by referring to
+him as "that wretched substitute for a minister, commonly held by
+public opinion in the deepest contempt."
+
+The origin of the Alemannia was a little curious. Two members of the
+Palatia Corps happened one afternoon, while peering through the
+windows of the Barerstrasse mansion, to see Lola entertaining a couple
+of their fellow-members. This they held to be "an affront to the
+honour of the Palatia," and the offenders, glorying in their conduct,
+were expelled by the committee. Thereupon, they joined with Fritz
+Peissner when he was thinking of establishing a fresh corps.
+
+In her new position, Lola did not forget her old friends. Feeling her
+situation with Ludwig secure, she wrote to Liszt, offering him "the
+highest order that Bavaria could grant." He declined the suggestion,
+and sent word of her doings to Madame d'Agoult:
+
+     Apropos of this too celebrated Anglo-Spanish woman, have you
+     heard that King Louis of Bavaria has demanded the sacrifice
+     of her theatrical career? and that he is keeping her at
+     Munich (where he has bought her a house) in the quality of a
+     favourite Sultanah?
+
+Later on, he returned to the subject:
+
+     I have been specially pleased with a couple of allusions to
+     Lola and this poor Mariette; but, to be perfectly
+     candid--and being afraid that you would find the subject a
+     little indecorous--I began to reproach myself for having
+     mentioned it to you in my last letter from Czernowitz.
+
+     In speaking of Lola, you tell me that you defend her (which
+     I do also, but not for the same reasons) because she stands
+     for progress. Then, a page further on, in resuming the
+     subject at Vienna, you find me very young to still believe
+     in justice, not realising that, in this little circle of
+     ideas and things, I represent in Europe a progressive and
+     intelligent movement. "Alas! Who represents anything in
+     Europe to-day?" you enquire with Bossuet.
+
+     Well, then, Lola stands for the nineteenth century, and
+     Daniel Stern stands for the woman of the ninth century; and,
+     were it not for having contributed to the representation of
+     others, I too shall finish by representing something else,
+     by means of the 25,000 francs of income it will be necessary
+     for me to end up by securing.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX
+
+"MAITRESSE DU ROI"
+
+
+I
+
+The role for which Lola cast herself was that of La Pompadour to the
+Louis XV of Ludwig I. She had been a coryphee. Now she was a
+courtesan. History was repeating itself. Like an Agnes Sorel or a Jane
+Shore before her, she held in Munich the semi-official and quite
+openly acknowledged position of the King's mistress. It is said of her
+that she was so proud of the title and all it implied, that she would
+add "Maitresse du Roi" to her signature when communicating with
+understrappers at the palace. Ludwig, however, thought this going too
+far, and peremptorily forbade the practice. Lola gave way. Perhaps the
+only time on record. In return, however, she advanced a somewhat
+embarrassing demand.
+
+"My position as a king's favourite," she said, "entitles me to the
+services of a confessor and a private chapel."
+
+Ludwig was quite agreeable, and instructed Count Reisach, the
+Ultramontane Archbishop of Munich, to select a priest for this
+responsible office. His Grace, however, reported that all the clergy
+in a body had protested to him that, "fearing for their virtue, they
+could not conscientiously accept the post."
+
+Disappointed at the rebuff, Lola herself then applied to Dr.
+Windischmann, the Vicar-General, telling him that if he would
+undertake the office she would reciprocate by securing him a
+bishopric. This dignitary, however, was not to be tempted. "Madame,"
+he said, "my confessional is in the Church of Notre-Dame; and you can
+always go there when you want to accuse yourself of any of the
+numerous sins you have committed."
+
+Nor would His Eminence, the Primate of Poland, give any help. All he
+would do was to get into his carriage and set off to expostulate with
+the King. But it was a wasted effort, for Ludwig insisted that his
+relations with the conscience-stricken postulant were "nothing more
+than platonic." Thereupon, "the superior clergy announced that the
+designs of Providence were indeed inscrutable to mere mortals, but
+they trusted that His Majesty would at any rate change his mistress."
+Ludwig, however, brooking no interference with his amours, refused to
+do anything of the kind.
+
+"What are you thinking about?" he stormed. "How dare you hint that I
+am the man to roll myself in the mud of the gutter? My feelings for
+this lady are of the most lofty and high-minded description. If you
+drive me to extremes, heaven alone knows what will happen!"
+
+His Eminence met the outburst by whispering in the ear of the Bishop
+of Augsburg that the King was "possessed." As for the Bishop of
+Augsburg, he "wept every day." A leaky prelate.
+
+"It is a paradox," was the expert opinion of Archbishop Diepenbrock,
+"that the more shameful she is, the more beautiful is a courtesan." A
+"Day of Humiliation," with a special prayer composed by himself, was
+his suggestion for mending matters; and Madame von Kruedener, not to be
+outdone in coming to the rescue, preached the necessity of "public
+penance." Thus taken to task, Ludwig solemnly declared in writing that
+he had "never exacted the last favours" from Lola Montez, and
+furnished the entire episcopal bench with a copy of this declaration.
+
+"That only makes his folly the greater," was the caustic comment of
+Canitz, who was not to be deluded by eye-wash of this description.
+
+With the passage of time, Lola's influence at the Palace grew
+stronger. Before long, it became abundantly clear to the Ministry that
+she was the real channel of approach to the King and, in fact, his
+political Egeria. "During that period," says T. Everett Harre, "when
+she was known throughout the world as the 'Uncrowned Queen of
+Bavaria,' Lola Montez wielded a power perhaps enjoyed by no woman
+since the Empress Theodora, the circus mime and courtesan, was raised
+to imperial estate by the Emperor Justinian." Well aware of this fact,
+and much as they objected to it, the Cabinet, headed by von Abel,
+began by attempting to win her to their side. When they failed, they
+put their thick heads together, and, announcing that she was an
+emissary of Palmerston--just as La Paiva was credited with being in
+Bismarck's employ--they hinted that her room was preferable to her
+company. The hints having no effect, other measures were adopted.
+Thus, Ludwig's sister offered her a handsome sum (for the second time)
+to leave the country, and Metternich improved on it; the Bishop of
+Augsburg, drying his tears, composed another and longer special
+prayer; the Cabinet threatened to resign; and caricatures and
+scurrilous paragraphs once more appeared in Munich journals. But all
+to no purpose. Lola refused to budge. Nothing could shake her resolve,
+_J'y suis, j'y reste_, might well have been her motto.
+
+"I will leave Bavaria," she said, "when it suits me, and not before."
+
+
+II
+
+For ten years Ludwig had been under the thumb of the Ultramontanes and
+the clerical ministry of Carl von Abel. He was getting more than a
+little tired of the combination. The advance of Lola Montez widened
+the breach. To get rid of him, accordingly, he offered von Abel the
+appointment of Bavarian Minister at Brussels. The offer, however, was
+not accepted. Asked for his reason, von Abel said that he "wanted to
+stop where he was and keep an eye on things."
+
+[Illustration: _Residenz Palace, Munich, in 1848. Residence of Ludwig
+I_]
+
+At this date Bavaria was Catholic to a man--and a woman--and the
+Ultramontanes held the reins of government. While one would have
+been enough, they professed to have two grievances. One was the
+"political poison" of the Liberal opposition; and the other was the
+"moral perversion" of the King. In March matters came to a crisis. A
+number of University professors, headed by the rigid Lasaulx, held an
+indignation meeting in support of the Ultramontane Cabinet and "their
+efforts to espouse the cause of good morals." This activity on the
+part of a secular body was resented by the clergy, who considered that
+they, and not the University, were the official custodians of the
+public's "morals." But if it upset the clergy, it upset Ludwig still
+more; and, to mark his displeasure, he summarily dismissed four of the
+lecturers he himself had appointed. As the general body of students
+sided with them, they "demonstrated" in front of the house of Lola
+Montez, whom they held responsible.
+
+What began as a very ordinary disturbance soon developed into
+something serious. Tempers ran high; brickbats were thrown, and
+windows smashed; there were collisions with the police, who
+endeavoured to arrest the ringleaders; and finally the Karolinen Platz
+had to be cleared by a squadron of Cuirassiers. The Alemannia, joining
+arms, forced a passage through which Lola managed to slip to safety
+and reach the gates of the Residenz. But it was, as she said, "a near
+thing."
+
+The crowd relieved their feelings by breaking a few more windows; and
+a couple of Alemannia, detached from their comrades, were ducked in
+the Isar.
+
+"_Vivat, Lola!_" bellowed one contingent.
+
+"_Pereat, Lola!_" bellowed the opposition.
+
+Accounts of the disturbance filtered through to England. There they
+attracted much attention and acid criticism.
+
+"A lady," remarked the _Examiner_, "has overthrown the Holy Alliance
+of Southern Germany. Lola Montez, whose affecting testimony during the
+trial of those who killed Dujarier in a duel cannot but be remembered,
+was driven by that catastrophe to seek her fortunes in other realms.
+Chance brought her to Munich, the Sovereign of which capital has
+divided his time between poetry and the arts, gallantry and devotion."
+
+"What Paphian cestus," was another sour comment, "does Lola wind round
+the blade of her poniard? We all remember how much the respectable
+Juno was indebted to the bewitching girdle of a less regular fair one,
+but the properties of that talisman are still undescribed."
+
+The _Thunderer_, in its capacity as a European watch-dog, had its eye
+on Ludwig and his dalliance along the primrose path. Disapproval was
+registered. "The King of Bavaria," solemnly announced a leading
+article, "has entirely forgotten the duties and dignities of his
+position."
+
+Freiherr zu Canitz, however, who had succeeded von Buelow as Minister
+for Foreign Affairs, looked upon Ludwig's lapse with more indulgence.
+"It is not," he wrote from the Wilhelmstrasse, "the first time by any
+means that kings have chosen to live with dancers. While such conduct
+is not, perhaps, strictly laudable, we can disregard it if it be
+accompanied by a certain measure of decorum. Still, a combination of
+ruler-ship and dalliance with a vagrant charmer is a phenomenon that
+is as much out of place as is an attempt to govern a country by
+writing sonnets."
+
+Availing herself of what was then, as now, looked upon as a natural
+safety-valve, Lola herself wrote to the _Times_, giving her own
+version of these happenings:
+
+     I left Paris in June last on a professional trip; and, among
+     other arrangements, decided upon visiting Munich where, for
+     the first time, I had the honour of appearing before His
+     Majesty and receiving from him marks of appreciation, which
+     is not a very unusual thing for a professional person to
+     receive at a foreign Court.
+
+     I had not been here a week before I discovered that there
+     was a plot existing in the town to get me out of it, and
+     that the party was the Jesuit Party.... When they saw that
+     I was not likely to leave them, they tried what bribery
+     would do; and actually offered me 50,000 fcs. a year if I
+     would quit Bavaria and promise never to return. This, as you
+     may imagine, opened my eyes; and, as I indignantly refused
+     their offer, they have since not left a stone unturned to
+     get rid of me.... Within this last week a Jesuit professor
+     of philosophy at the university here, named Lasaulx, was
+     removed. Thereupon, the party paid and hired a mob to insult
+     me and break the windows of my house.
+
+     ... Knowing that your columns are always open to protect
+     anyone unjustly accused, and more especially when that one
+     is an unprotected female, makes me rely upon you for the
+     insertion of this; and I have the honour to subscribe
+     myself, your obliged servant,
+
+     LOLA MONTEZ.
+
+A couple of weeks later Printing House Square was favoured with a
+second epistle:
+
+     _To the Editor of "The Times."_
+
+     MUNICH,
+
+     _March 31._
+
+     SIR:--In consequence of the numerous reports circulated in
+     various papers regarding myself and family, I beg of you,
+     through the medium of your widely circulated journal, to
+     insert the following:
+
+     I was born at Seville in the year 1833; my father was a
+     Spanish officer in the service of Don Carlos; my mother, a
+     lady of Irish extraction, born at the Havannah, and married
+     to an Irish gentleman, which, I suppose, is the cause of my
+     being called sometimes Irish and sometimes English, and
+     "Betsy Watson," and "Mrs. James," etc.
+
+     I beg leave to say that my name is Maria Dolores Porres
+     Montez, and I have never changed that name.
+
+     As for my theatrical qualifications, I never had the
+     presumption to think I had any. Circumstances obliged me to
+     adopt the stage as a profession, which profession I have now
+     renounced for ever, having become a naturalised Bavarian,
+     and intending in future making Munich my residence.
+
+     Trusting that you will give this insertion, I have the
+     honour to remain, Sir,
+
+     Your obedient servant,
+
+     LOLA MONTEZ.
+
+The assumption that she had ever been known as "Betsy Watson" was due
+to the fact that she was said at one period to have lived under this
+name in Dublin, "protected there by an Irishman of rank and fortune."
+With regard to the rest of the letter, this was much the same as the
+one she had circulated after her London fiasco. It was very far from
+being well founded. Still, she had repeated this story so often that
+she had probably come to believe in it herself.
+
+As _The Times_ at that period was not read in Munich to any great
+extent, Lola, wanting a larger public, sent a letter to the
+_Allegemeine Zeitung_. This, she thought, would secure her a measure
+of sympathy not accorded her elsewhere:
+
+"I object to being made a target for countless malicious
+attacks--public and private, written and printed--some whispered in
+secret, and others uttered to the world. I therefore now stigmatise as
+a wicked liar and perverter of the truth any individual who shall,
+without proving it, disseminate any report to my detriment."
+
+The letter was duly published. The attacks, however, did not end. On
+the contrary, they redoubled in virulence. All sorts of fresh charges
+were brought against her. Many of them were quite unfounded, and
+deliberately ignored much that might have been put to her credit. Lola
+had not done nearly as much harm as some of Ludwig's lights o' love.
+Her predecessors, however, had made themselves subservient to the
+Jesuits and clericals. When her friends sent protests to the editor,
+refuge was taken in the stereotyped reply: "pressure on our space
+does not permit us to continue this correspondence."
+
+By those who wished her ill, any stick was good enough with which to
+beat Lola Montez. Thus, when a dignitary died--no matter what the
+medical diagnosis--it was announced in the gutter press that he died
+of "grief, caused by the national shame." The alleged last words of a
+certain politician were declared to be: "I die because I cannot
+continue living under the orders of a strumpet who rules our dear
+Bavaria as if she were a princess." Ludwig took it calmly. "The real
+trouble with this poor fellow," he said, "is that he never experienced
+the revivifying effects of the love of a beautiful woman." A popular
+prescription. The local doctors, however, were coy about recommending
+it to their patients.
+
+That the Munich disturbances had an aftermath is clear from a news
+item that appeared in the _Cologne Gazette_ of July, 3, 1847. Lola,
+wanting a change of air and scene, had gone on a tour, travelling
+_incognita_ and without any escort. Still, as she was to discover, it
+was impossible for her to move without being recognised:
+
+     According to letters from Bavaria, it is obvious that the
+     animosities excited against Lola Montez earlier in the year
+     are far from having subsided. On passing through Nuremberg,
+     she was received with coldness, but decency. At Bamberg,
+     however, it was very different. At the railway station she
+     was hissed and hooted, and, stones being thrown at her
+     carriage, she presented her pistols and threatened to punish
+     her assailants. The upper classes were thoroughly ashamed of
+     such excesses; and the chief magistrate has been instructed
+     to appoint a deputation of the leading citizens to apologise
+     to Mademoiselle.
+
+In a letter to his brother, dated July 7, 1847, a University student
+says: "Lola Montez was near being assassinated three days ago," but he
+gives no particulars. Hence, it was probably gossip picked up in a
+beer hall.
+
+
+III
+
+A grievance felt by Lola was that she was not accorded recognition
+among the aristocracy. But there was an obvious remedy. This was to
+grant her a coronet. After all, historic examples were to hand by the
+dozen. In modern times the mistress of Frederick William III had been
+made a duchess. Hence, Lola felt that she should be at least a
+countess.
+
+"What special services have you rendered Bavaria?" bluntly demanded
+the minister to whom she first advanced the suggestion.
+
+"If nothing else, I have given the King many happy days," was Lola's
+response.
+
+Curiosity was then exhibited as to whether she was sufficiently
+_hoch-geboren_, or not. The applicant herself had no doubts on the
+subject. Her father, Ensign Gilbert, she said, had the blood of
+Coeur-de-Lion in his veins, and her mother's ancestors were among
+the Council of the Inquisition.
+
+When the matter was referred to him, Ludwig was sympathetic and
+readily promised his help. But as she was a foreigner, she would, he
+pointed out, have to start by becoming naturalised as a Bavarian
+subject; and, under the constitution, the necessary indigenate
+certificate must bear the signature of a Cabinet Minister. For this
+purpose, and never thinking that the slightest difficulty would be
+advanced, he had one drawn up and sent to Count Otto von Steinberg.
+Much to his annoyance and surprise, however, that individual,
+"suddenly developing conscientious objections," excused himself.
+Thereupon, von Abel, as head of the Government, was instructed to
+secure another signature.
+
+"Do not worry. It will be settled to-morrow," announced Ludwig, when
+Lola enquired the reason of the hitch.
+
+He was, however, speaking without his book. The Ministry, Ultramontane
+to a man, could swallow a good deal, in order to retain their
+portfolios (and salaries), but this, they felt, was asking too much
+of them. In unctuous terms, and taking refuge in offended virtue, they
+declared they would resign, rather than countenance the grant of
+Bavarian nationality for "the foreign woman." Neither pressure nor
+threats would shake them. Ludwig could do what he pleased; and they
+would do what they pleased.
+
+The manifesto in which the Cabinet's decision was delivered is little
+short of an historic document:
+
+     MUNICH.
+
+     _February 11, 1847._
+
+     Sir: Public life has its moments when those entrusted by
+     their Sovereign with the proper conduct of public affairs
+     have to make their choice between renouncing the duties to
+     which they are pledged by loyalty and devotion, and, by
+     discharging those duties in conscientious fashion, incurring
+     the displeasure of their beloved Sovereign. We, the faithful
+     servants of Your Majesty, have now found ourselves in this
+     situation owing to the decision to grant Bavarian
+     nationality to Senora Lola Montez. As we cannot forget the
+     duties that our oath compels us to observe, we cannot flinch
+     in our resolve....
+
+     It is abundantly clear that reverence for the Throne is
+     becoming weakened in the minds of your subjects; and little
+     is now heard in all directions but blame and disapproval.
+     National sentiment is wounded, because the country considers
+     itself to be under the dominion of a foreign woman of evil
+     reputation. The obvious facts are such that it is impossible
+     to adopt any other view.... The public journals print the
+     most shocking anecdotes, together with the most degrading
+     attacks on your Royal Majesty. As a sample of this, we
+     append a copy of No. 5 of the _Ulner Chronic_. The vigilance
+     of the police is powerless to check the circulation of these
+     journals, and they are read everywhere.... Not only is the
+     Government being jeopardised, but also the very existence
+     of the Crown. Hence, the delight of such as wish ill to the
+     Throne, and the anguish of such as are loyal to Your
+     Majesty. The fidelity of the army, too, is threatened. Ere
+     long, the forces of the Crown will become a prey to profound
+     disaffection; and where could we look for help, should this
+     occur and this last bulwark totter?
+
+     The hearts of the undersigned loyal and obedient servants
+     are torn with grief. This statement they submit to you is
+     not one of visionaries. It is the melancholy result of
+     observations made by them during the exercise of their
+     functions for several months past. Each of the undersigned
+     is ready and willing to surrender everything to his
+     Sovereign. They have given you repeated proofs of their
+     fidelity; and it is now nothing less than their sacred duty
+     to direct the attention of your Majesty to the dangers
+     confronting him. Our humble prayer, to which we beg you to
+     listen, is not governed by any desire to run counter to your
+     Royal will. It is put forward solely with a view to ending a
+     condition of affairs which is inimical to the well-being and
+     happiness of a beloved monarch. Should, however, your
+     Majesty not think fit to grant their petition, we, your
+     Ministers, will then have no alternative but to tender the
+     resignation of the portfolios with which you have entrusted
+     them.
+
+The signatories to this precious "manifesto" were von Abel, von
+Gumpenberg (Minister of War), von Schrenk, and von Seinsheim
+(Councillors of State). Much to their hurt astonishment, their
+resignations were accepted. Nor was there any lack of candidates for
+the vacant portfolios. Ludwig, prompted by Lola, filled up the gaps at
+once. Georg von Maurer (who reciprocated by signing her certificate of
+naturalisation) was appointed Minister of Justice and Foreign Affairs,
+and Freiherr Friederich zu Rhein was the new Minister of Public
+Worship and Finance.
+
+The students, not prepared to let slip a chance of asserting
+themselves, paraded the streets with a fresh song:
+
+    _Da kam Senorra Lolala,
+    Sturzt Abel und Consorten;
+    Ach war sie doch jetz wieder da,
+    Und jagte fort den----_
+
+Despite the fact that he was indebted for his appointment to her,
+Maurer attempted to snub Lola and refused to speak to her the next
+time they met. For his pains, he found himself, in December, 1847,
+dismissed from office. There was, however, joy in the ranks of the
+clerical party, for, to their horror, he happened to be a Protestant.
+
+"I have now a new ministry, and there are no more Jesuits in Bavaria,"
+announced Ludwig with much complacence. As was his custom when a
+national crisis occurred, he was also delivered of a sonnet,
+commencing:
+
+    You who have wished to hold me in thrall, tremble!
+    Greatly do I esteem the important affair
+    Which has ever on divested you of your power!
+
+But the fallen ministers had the sympathy of Vienna. Count Senfft, the
+Austrian envoy at Munich, gave a banquet in their honour. Lola
+reported this to Ludwig, and Ludwig gave Senfft his _conge_.
+
+What had annoyed the Wittelsbach Lovelace more than anything else
+about the business was that the memorandum in which von Abel and his
+colleagues had expressed their candid opinion of Lola Montez found its
+way into the _Augsburger Zeitung_ and a number of Paris journals. This
+was regarded by him as a breach of confidence. Enquiries revealed the
+fact that von Abel's sister had been surreptitiously shown a copy of
+the document, and, not prepared to keep such a tit-bit of gossip to
+herself, had disclosed its contents to a reporter. After this, the
+fat, so to speak, was in the fire; and nothing that Ludwig could do
+could prevent the affair becoming public property. As a result, it
+formed the basis of innumerable articles in the press of Europe, and
+the worst possible construction was put on it.
+
+The erudite Dr. Doellinger, between whom and Lola Montez no love was
+lost, was much upset by the situation and wrote a long letter on the
+subject:
+
+     The existing ministry were fully awake to the encroachments
+     of the notorious Lola Montez; and in view of the destruction
+     which menaced both the throne and the country, they secretly
+     resolved to address a petition to Ludwig I, humbly praying
+     him to dismiss his favourite, and setting forth the grounds
+     on which they based their request.
+
+     Rumours of this business soon got afloat. People began to
+     whisper; and one fine day a sister of one of the ministers,
+     goaded by curiosity, discovered the petition. She imparted
+     the news in the strictest confidence to her most intimate
+     friends; and they, in their turn, secretly read the
+     memorial, with the result that, some time after the
+     important document had been safely restored to its
+     hiding-place, its contents appeared, nobody knew how, in the
+     newspapers.
+
+     The panic of the ministers was great; the King's displeasure
+     was still greater. He suspected treachery, and considered
+     the publication of such a petition treasonable.
+     Remonstrances were of no avail; the ministers were
+     dismissed, and their adherents fled in every direction. I,
+     who had been nominated a member of the Chamber by the
+     University, but against my will, had to resign office at the
+     bidding of the King. His Majesty was greatly incensed, and
+     meanwhile the excited populace were assembling in crowds
+     before the house of Lola Montez.
+
+Doellinger was a difficult man to cross. He had doubts--serious
+doubts--concerning a number of matters. Among them was one of the
+infallibility of the Pope. What was more, he was daring enough to
+express these doubts. The wrath of the Vatican could only be appeased
+by ex-communicating him from the Church. He, however, added to his
+contumacy by surviving until his ninety-second year.
+
+
+IV
+
+Appreciating on which side its bread was buttered, the new ministry
+had no qualms as to the eligibility of Lola Montez for the honour of a
+coronet in the Bavarian peerage. This having been granted her, the
+next step was to select a suitable territorial title.
+
+Ludwig ran an exploring finger down the columns of a gazetteer. There
+he saw two names, Landshut and Feldberg, that struck him as
+suggestive. Combined, they made up Landsfeld. Nothing could be better.
+
+"I have it," he said. "Countess of Landsfeld, I salute you!"
+
+Thereupon the Court archivist was instructed to prepare the necessary
+document:
+
+     "We, Ludwig, King of Bavaria, etc., hereby make public to
+     all concerned that We have resolved to raise Maria von
+     Porres and Montez, of noble Spanish descent, to the dignity
+     of Countess of Landsfeld of this Our kingdom. Whilst we
+     impart to her the dignity of a Countess, with all the
+     rights, honours and prerogatives connected therewith, it is
+     Our desire that she have and enjoy the following escutcheon
+     on a German four-quartered shield: In the first field, red,
+     an upright white sword with golden handle; in the second,
+     blue, a golden-crowned lion rampant; the third, blue, a
+     silver dolphin; and in the fourth, white, a pale red rose.
+     This shield shall be surmounted by the coronet of a
+     Countess.
+
+     "Be this notified to all the authorities and to Our subjects
+     in general, with a view to not only recognising the said
+     Maria as Countess of Landsfeld, but also to supporting her
+     in that dignity; and it is Our will that whoever shall act
+     contrary to these provisions shall be summoned by Our
+     Attorney-General and there and then be condemned to make
+     public and private atonement.
+
+     "For Our confirmation of the above we have affixed Our royal
+     name to this document and placed on it the seal of Our
+     kingdom.
+
+     "Given at Aschaffensberg, this 14th of August, in the 1847th
+     year after the birth of Christ, our Lord, and in the 22nd
+     year of Our Government."
+
+This did not miss the eagle eye of _Punch_, in whose columns appeared
+a caustic reference:
+
+     "The armorial bearings of the new COUNTESS OF LANDSFELD, the
+     ex-_coryphee_ of Her Majesty's Theatre, have been designed,
+     but we think they are hardly so appropriate as they might
+     have been. We have therefore made some slight modifications
+     of the original, which we hope will prove satisfactory."
+
+The suggested "modifications" were to substitute a parasol for the
+sword, a bulldog for the lion, and a pot of rouge for the rose. Were
+such an adjunct of the toilet table then in existence, a lipstick
+would probably have been added.
+
+
+V
+
+With her title and heraldic honours complete, plus a generous
+allowance on which to support them, and a palace in which to live,
+Lola Montez cut a very considerable dash in Munich. Two sentries
+marched up and down in front of her gate, and two mounted orderlies
+(instead of one, as had previously been the case) accompanied her
+whenever she left the house in the Barerstrasse.
+
+While by far the most important of them, Ludwig was not by any means
+the only competitor for Lola's favours. Men of wealth and
+position--the bearers of high-sounding titles--with politicians and
+place-hunters, fluttered round her. It is to her credit that she sent
+them about their business.
+
+[Illustration: _"Command" Portrait. In the "Gallery of Beauties,"
+Munich_]
+
+"The peculiar relations existing between the King of Bavaria and the
+Countess of Landsfeld," remarked an apologist, "are not of a coarse or
+vulgar character. His Majesty has a highly developed poetic mind, and
+thus sees his favourite through his imagination, and regards her with
+affectionate respect."
+
+This found a responsive echo in another quarter, and some sharp raps
+on the knuckles were administered to the Bavarian moralists by a Paris
+journal:
+
+     "Why do you interfere with the amours of your good Ludwig?
+     We don't say he should not have observed rather more
+     discretion or have avoided compromising his dignity. Still,
+     a monarch, like a simple citizen, is surely free to love
+     where he pleases. In selecting Lola Montez, the amorous
+     Ludwig proves that he loves equality and, as a true
+     democrat, can identify himself with the public. Let him
+     espouse his servant girl, if he wants to. Personally, we
+     would rather see the Bavarians excite themselves about their
+     constitution than about the banishment of a royal favourite.
+     The King of Bavaria turns his mistress into a Countess; his
+     subjects refuse to recognise her; and a section of the
+     students clamour for her head. Happy days of Montespan, of
+     Pompadour, of Dubarry, of Potemkin, of Orloff, where have
+     you gone?"
+
+In the summer of 1847 the Paris Courts were occupied with a long
+outstanding claim against Lola Montez. This was to the effect that,
+when she was appearing at the Porte St. Martin, she had run up a bill
+for certain intimate undergarments and had neglected to settle the
+account. The result was, she received a solicitor's letter in Munich.
+She answered it in the following terms:
+
+     MUNICH,
+
+     _September 25, 1847._
+
+     MONSIEUR BLOQUE,
+
+     As I have never given any orders to Messrs. Hamon and
+     Company, tailors, rue de Helder, they have no claim on me;
+     and I am positively compelled to repudiate the bill for
+     1371 francs which you have the effrontery to demand in the
+     name of this firm.
+
+     Last spring Monsieur Leigh made me a present of a
+     riding-habit and certain other articles which he ordered for
+     me, and I consider that it is to him you should now address
+     yourself.
+
+     Accept, Monsieur, etc.,
+
+     COUNTESS DE LANDSFELD.
+
+Not being prepared to accept this view, the Paris firm's next step was
+to bring an action for the recovery of the alleged debt. Once more,
+Lola repudiated liability, this time on the grounds that the creditors
+had kept back some dress material belonging to herself. The defence to
+this charge was that, "on being informed by their representative that
+real ladies could not wear such common stuff, she had said she did not
+want it back." The court, however, held that the debt had been
+incurred; and, "as she considered it beneath her dignity to appear,
+either in person or by counsel," judgment for 2,500 francs was given
+against her.
+
+Count Bernstorff, a not particularly brilliant diplomatist, had an
+idea (shared, by the way, with a good many others) that Frederick
+William IV, King of Prussia, was at one time under Lola's spell. He
+was allowed to think so by reason of a letter that the King had sent
+him from Sans Souci in the autumn of 1847:
+
+     "I am charging you, my dear Count, with a commission, the
+     performance of which demands a certain degree of that
+     measure of delicacy which I recognise you to possess. The
+     commission is somewhat beyond the accepted limits of what is
+     purely diplomatic in character.... It is a matter of handing
+     a certain trinket to a certain lady. The trinket is of
+     little value, but, from causes you will be able to
+     appreciate, the lady's favour is of very high value to
+     myself. All depends on the manner in which the gift is
+     presented. This should be sufficiently flattering to
+     increase the value of the offering and to cause its
+     unworthiness to be overlooked. My acquaintance with the
+     lady, and my respect for her, should be adroitly described
+     and made the most of, as must also be my desire to be
+     remembered at her hands.
+
+     "You will, of course, immediately perceive that I am
+     alluding to Donna Maria de Dolores de los Montez, Countess
+     of Landsfeld."
+
+It was not until he turned over the page that the horror-struck
+Bernstorff saw that the King was playing a characteristic jest on him;
+and he realised that the intended recipient of the gift was his wife,
+the Countess von Bernstorff, "as a souvenir of my gratitude for the
+many agreeable hours passed under your hospitable roof last month."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X
+
+BURSTING OF THE STORM
+
+
+I
+
+The beauty of Lola Montez was a lever. As such, it disturbed the
+equilibrium of the Cabinet; for the time being, it even checked the
+dominion of Rome. But the odds were against her. The Jesuits were
+still a power, and would not brook any interference.
+
+Metternich's wife, the Princess Melanie, who had the family _flair_
+for politics, marked the course of events.
+
+"Lola Montes," she wrote, "has actually been created Countess of
+Landsfeld. She is really a member of the Radical Party.... Rechberg,
+who has just arrived from Brazil, was alarmed on his journey at Munich
+by the events of which this town is the theatre. The shocking conduct
+of Lola Montes will finish by plunging the country into revolution."
+
+This was looking ahead. Still, not very far ahead. The correspondent
+of a London paper in the Bavarian capital did not mince his words.
+"The indignation," he wrote, "against the King on account of his
+scandalous conduct, has been roused to the highest pitch.... King
+Ludwig, who possesses many good qualities, is, unfortunately, a very
+licentious old man.... Neither the tears of the Queen, nor the
+entreaties of his sons, nor the public's indignation, could influence
+the old monarch, who has become the slave of his silly passion and of
+the caprices of a Spanish dancer and Parisian lorette."
+
+Once more, Ludwig "dropped into verse," and relieved his feelings
+about his enemies. This time, however, the verse was blank:
+
+    You have driven me from my Paradise,
+    You have closed it for ever with iron grilles.
+    You have turned my days into bitterness.
+    You would even like to make me hate you
+    Because I have loved too much to please your withered spirits.
+
+    The perfume of my spring-time is dissipated,
+    But my courage still remains.
+    Youth, always bounding in my dreams, rests there,
+    Embracing my heart with fresh force!
+
+    You who would like to see me covered with shame,
+    Tremble!
+    You have committed sins against me and vomited injuries.
+    Your wicked acts have judged you.
+    There has never been anything to equal them!
+
+    Already the clouds disappear;
+    The storm passes;
+    The sky lights up;
+    I bless the dawn.
+    Ungrateful worms, creep back to your darkness!
+
+There were repercussions across the Atlantic, where the role played by
+Lola Montez in Bavarian circles was arousing considerable interest.
+American women saw in it a message of encouragement for the
+aspirations they themselves were cherishing. "The moral indignation
+which her political opponents exhibited," said a leading jurist, "was
+unfortunately a mere sham. They had not only tolerated, but had
+actually patronised, a female who formerly held the equivocal position
+which the Countess of Landsfeld recently held, because the former made
+herself subservient to the then dominant party."
+
+But, just as Lola had staunch friends in Munich, so had she pronounced
+enemies. Conspicuous among them was Johann Goerres, a leading
+Ultramontane who held the position of professor of history at the
+University. He could not say anything strong enough against the King's
+mistress, and did all he could to upset her influence with him. As he
+had a "following," some measure of success attended his efforts. It
+was on his death, in January 1848, that matters came to a head. The
+rival factions dividing the various students' corps made his funeral
+the occasion of a free fight among themselves. The mob joined in, and
+clamoured for the dismissal of the "Andalusian Woman." A hothead
+suggested that she should be driven from the town. The cry was taken
+up, and a rush set in towards her house in the Barerstrasse. As there
+was an agreeable prospect of loot, half the scum of the city swelled
+the mob. Bricks were hurled through the windows; and, until the police
+arrived, things began to look ugly.
+
+Lola, as cool as a cucumber, appeared on the balcony, a glass of
+champagne in one hand, and a box of chocolates in the other.
+
+"I drink to your good healths," she said contemptuously, as she
+drained her glass and tossed bon-bons among the crowd.
+
+Not appreciating this gesture, or regarding it as an impertinence, the
+temper of the rabble grew threatening. They shouted vulgar insults;
+and there was talk of battering in the doors and setting the house on
+fire. This might have happened, had not Ludwig himself, who never
+lacked personal courage, plunged into the throng and, offering Lola
+his arm, escorted her to the Residenz.
+
+The disturbances continued, for tempers had reached fever pitch.
+Troops hastily summoned from the nearest barracks patrolled the
+streets. A furious crowd assembled in front of the Rathaus; the
+burgomaster, fearing for his position, talked of reading the Riot Act;
+a number of arrests were made; and it was not until the next afternoon
+that the coast was sufficiently clear for Lola to return to the
+Barerstrasse, triumphantly escorted by some members of the Alemannia.
+When, however, they left her there, they were set upon by detachments
+of the Palatia Corps, who still cherished a grudge against them.
+
+Lola's own account of these happenings, and written as if by a
+detached onlooker, is picturesque, if somewhat imaginative:
+
+     "They came with cannons and guns and swords, with the voices
+     of ten thousand devils, and surrounded her little castle.
+     Against the entreaties of her friends, she presented herself
+     before the infuriated mob which demanded her life.... A
+     thousand guns were pointed at her, and a hundred fat and
+     apoplectic voices fiercely demanded that she should cause
+     the repeal of what she had done. In language of great
+     mildness--for it was no time to scold--she answered that it
+     was impossible for her to accede to such a request; and that
+     what had been done by her had been done for the good of the
+     people and the honour of Bavaria."
+
+After this "demonstration," there was a calm. But not for long. On the
+evening of February 10, a rabble assembled in front of the Palace,
+raising cries of: "Down with Lola Montez!" "Down with the King's
+strumpet!" As the protestors consisted largely of students (whom
+Thiersch, the rector, being no disciplinarian, could not keep in
+check), Ludwig's response was drastic. He ordered the University to be
+shut, and all its members who did not live in Munich to leave the town
+within twenty-four hours. This was a tactical blunder, and was in
+great measure responsible for the more serious repercussions of the
+following month. Apart, too, from other considerations, the edict hit
+the pockets of the local tradesmen, since the absence of a couple of
+thousand hungry and thirsty customers had an adverse effect on the
+consumption of sauerkraut and beer.
+
+As she was still "news" in Paris, a gossiping columnist suggested her
+return there:
+
+     Lola Montez laments the Notre-Dame de Lorette district, the
+     joyous little supper-parties at the Cafe Anglais, and the
+     theatrical first nights viewed from stage boxes. "Ah," she
+     must reflect, as she looks upon her coronet trodden
+     underfoot and hears the sinister murmurs of the Munich mob,
+     "how delightful Paris would be this evening! What a grand
+     success I would be in the new ballet at the Opera or at a
+     ball at the Winter Garden!" Alas, my poor Lola, your whip is
+     broken; your prestige is gone; you have lost your talisman.
+     Do not battle against the jealous Bavarians. Come back to
+     Paris, instead. If the Porte St. Martin won't have you, you
+     can always rejoin the corps de ballet at the Opera.
+
+Lola, however, did not accept the invitation. She was virtually a
+prisoner in her own house, where, the next afternoon, a furious
+gathering assembled, threatening to wreak vengeance on her. Never
+lacking a high measure of courage, she appeared on the balcony and
+told them to do their worst. They did it and attempted to effect an
+entrance by breaking down the door. But for the action of the
+Alemannia, rallying to her help, she might have been severely handled.
+
+One of her bodyguard managed to make his way to the nearest barracks
+and summon assistance. Thereupon, the bugles rang out the alarm; the
+drums beat a warning call. In response, a squadron of Cuirassiers
+clattered up the Barerstrasse; sabres rattled; and the rioters fled
+precipitously.
+
+Prince Wallerstein, who combined the office of Minister of Public
+Worship with that of Treasurer of the Royal Household, leaping into
+the breach, harangued the mob; and Prince Vrede, a strong adherent to
+the "whiff of grapeshot" remedy for a disturbance, suggested firing on
+the ringleaders. Although the suggestion was not accepted, hundreds of
+arrests were made before some semblance of order was restored. But the
+rioting was only checked temporarily. A couple of days later it
+started afresh. The temper of the troops being upset, Captain Bauer (a
+young officer whom Lola had patronised) took it upon himself to give
+them the word to charge. Sabres flashed, and there were many broken
+heads and a good deal of bloodshed.
+
+The Alemannia, thinking discretion the better part of valour,
+barricaded themselves in the restaurant of one Herr Rothmanner, where
+they fortified themselves with vast quantities of beer. Becoming
+quarrelsome, their leader, Count Hirschberg, drew his sword and was
+threatened with arrest by a schutzmannschaft. Thereupon, his comrades
+sent word to Lola. She answered the call, and rushed to the house. It
+was a characteristic, but mad, gesture, for she was promptly
+recognised and pursued by a furious mob. Nobody would give her
+sanctuary; and the Swiss Guards on duty there shut the doors of the
+Austrian Legation in her face. Thereupon, she fled to the Theatiner
+Church, where she took refuge. But she did not stop there long; and,
+for her own safety, a military escort arrived to conduct her to the
+main guard-room. As soon as the coast was comparatively clear, she was
+smuggled out by a back entrance and making her way on foot to the
+Barerstrasse, hid in the garden.
+
+In the meantime fresh attempts were being made to storm her house.
+Suddenly, a figure, dishevelled and bare-headed, appeared on the
+threshold and confronted the rioters.
+
+"You are behaving like a pack of vulgar blackguards," he exclaimed,
+"and not like true Bavarians at all. I give you my word, the house is
+empty. Leave it in peace."
+
+A gallant gesture, and a last act of homage to the building that had
+sheltered the woman he loved. The mob, recognising the speaker,
+uncovered instinctively. _Heil, unserm Koenig, Heil!_ they shouted. A
+chorus swelled; the troops presented arms.
+
+"It is an orgy of ingratitude," said Ludwig, as he watched the rabble
+dancing with glee before the house. "The Jesuits are responsible. If
+my Lola had been called Loyala, she could still have stopped here."
+
+To Dr. Stahl, Bishop of Wurzburg, who had criticised his conduct, he
+addressed himself more strongly. "Should a single hair of one I hold
+dear to me be injured," he informed that prelate, "I shall exhibit no
+mercy."
+
+Palmerston, who stood no nonsense from anybody, wrote a very snappy
+letter to Sir John Milbanke, British Minister at Munich:
+
+     "Pray tell Prince Wallerstein that, if he wishes the British
+     and Bavarian Governments to be on good terms, he will
+     abstain from any attempt to interfere with our diplomatic
+     arrangements, as such attempts on his part are as offensive
+     as they will be fruitless."
+
+
+II
+
+As Ludwig had said, the Barerstrasse nest was empty, for its occupant
+had managed to slip out of it and reach Lindeau. From there, on
+February 23, she wrote a long letter to a friend in England, giving a
+somewhat highly coloured (and not altogether accurate) version of
+these happenings:
+
+     In the morning, the nobles, with Count A.--V--[Arco Valley]
+     and a number of officers, were mixed up with the commonest
+     people. The Countess P [Preysing] I saw myself, with other
+     women--I cannot call them _ladies_--actually at their head.
+     Hearing that the entire city--with nobles, officers, and
+     countesses--were making for my residence, I looked upon
+     myself as already out of the land of the living. I had all
+     my windows shuttered, and hid all my jewels; and then,
+     having a clear conscience and a firm trust in God, calmly
+     awaited my fate. The ruffians, egged on by a countess and a
+     baroness, had stones, sticks, axes, and firearms, all to
+     frighten and kill one poor inoffensive woman! They
+     positively clamoured for my blood.
+
+     I must tell you that all my faithful and devoted servants,
+     with some others of my real friends, were in the house with
+     me. I begged them to leave by the garden, but they said,
+     poor fellows, they would die for me.
+
+     ... Seeing the eminent danger of my friends, and not
+     thinking of myself, I ordered my carriage while the
+     blackguards were endeavouring to break down the gates. My
+     good George, the coachman, helped me to rush through the
+     door and we set off at a furious gallop. Many pistol shots
+     were fired at me, but I was in God's care and avoided the
+     bullets.
+
+     My escape was most miraculous. At a distance of two hours
+     from Munich I left my carriage and in Bluthenberg sought the
+     protection of a brave honest man, by whom I was given
+     shelter. Presently, some officers galloped up and demanded
+     me. My benefactor declared I was not there, and his
+     daughters said my carriage had passed. When they were gone,
+     his good wife helped me to dress as a peasant girl, and I
+     rushed out of the house, across fields, ditches, and
+     forests. Being so well disguised, I resolved to return to
+     Munich. It was a dreadful spectacle. The Palace blockaded;
+     buildings plundered; and anarchy in all directions. Seeing
+     nothing but death if I stopped there, I left for Lindeau,
+     from whence I am writing to you.
+
+     ... Count Arco Valley has been distributing money like dirt
+     to all classes, and the priests have stirred up the mob.
+     Nobody is safe in Munich. The good, noble King has told
+     everyone he will never leave me. Of that he is quite
+     determined. The game is not up. I shall, till death, stick
+     to the King; but God knows what will happen next.
+
+     I forgot to tell you that my enemies have announced in the
+     German papers that the students are my _lovers_! They could
+     not credit them with the loyal devotion they have ever had
+     for the King and myself.
+
+     MARIE DE LANDSFELD.
+
+Writing in his diary on March 14, 1848, Frederick Cavendish, a budding
+diplomatist, whom Palmerston had appointed as attache at Vienna,
+remarks:
+
+     "There has been the devil of a disturbance in Munich; and
+     the King's mistress, Lola Montez, has been forced to fly for
+     her life. She has been the curse of Bavaria, yet the King is
+     still infatuated with her."
+
+Scarcely diplomatic language. Still, not far from the truth.
+
+A rigorous press censorship was exercised. The Munich papers had to
+print what they were told, and nothing else. As a result, an inspired
+article appeared in the _Allegemeine Zeitung_, of Augsburg, declaring
+that the Ultramontanes were responsible for the _emeute_. "Herr von
+Abel," in the opinion of a colleague, Heinrich von Treitsche, "took
+advantage of the opportunity to espouse a sudden championship of
+morals, and made _les convenances_ an excuse for resigning what had
+long been to him a dangerous office."
+
+Doellinger himself always declared that he became an Ultramontane
+against his will, and that he only joined the Ministry at the earnest
+request of von Abel. This was probably true enough, for he was much
+happier among his books than among the politicians. With his nose
+decidedly out of joint, he relieved his feelings in a lengthy epistle
+to his friend, Madame Rio. Years afterwards this letter came into the
+hands of Dom Gougaud, O.S.B., who published it in the _Irish
+Ecclesiastical Record_. Among the more important passages were the
+following:
+
+     Since you left M[unich] the impudence of L[ola] M[ontez] and
+     the infatuation of her admirers have been constantly
+     increasing. Our Members of Parliament, which have been
+     convocated to an extraordinary session on account of a
+     railway loan, did not dare, or did not deem it expedient, to
+     interfere. The only thing that was done, but without
+     producing any effect in high quarters, was that the Chamber
+     of Deputies unanimously voted a protestation against the
+     deposition of the professors. Then came the change of
+     Ministers. Prince Wallerstein, who is a sort of Bavarian
+     Thiers, selfish and unprincipled, only bent upon maintaining
+     himself in the possession of the _portefeuille_, which is
+     the glorious end that in his estimation sanctifies the
+     means--this man of unscrupulous memory came in again,
+     together with an obscure individual, a mere creature of
+     L[ola] M[ontez], M. Berks.
+
+[Illustration: _King of Bavaria. "Ludwig the Lover"_]
+
+     ... Meanwhile the crisis was brought about by the students
+     of the University. L[ola] M[ontez] had succeeded in seducing
+     a few of these, who, finding themselves immediately shunned
+     and rejected by their fellow-students, formed a separate
+     society or club, calling itself _Alemannia_, which from its
+     beginning was publicly understood to be distinguished by
+     the King's special favour and protection. In the course of
+     two or three months they rose to the number of nineteen or
+     twenty, easily recognised by the red caps and ribbons they
+     wore. For L[ola] M[ontez] they formed a sort of male harem,
+     and the particulars which have since transpired, and which,
+     of course, I must not pollute your ears with, leave no doubt
+     that she is a second Messalina.
+
+     The indignation of the students, who felt all this as a
+     degradation of the University and an affront cast upon their
+     character, was general. The _Alemanni_ were treated as
+     outcasts, whose very presence was pollution.
+
+     ... L[ola] M[ontez] had already been heard threatening that
+     if the students continued to show themselves hostile to her
+     favourites she would have the University closed. At last, on
+     the 10th February, a royal mandate came forth, declaring the
+     University to be suspended for the entire year.
+
+     Next morning it was evident that a decisive crisis was
+     coming on; the students paraded in procession through the
+     streets, when, suddenly, the _gendarmerie_, commanded by one
+     of L. M.'s favourites, made an attack upon them and wounded
+     two of them. This, of course, served only to kindle the
+     flames of general indignation. The citizens threatened to
+     appear in arms, and the people made preparations for
+     storming the house of L[ola] M[ontez].
+
+     Towards 8 o'clock in the morning of the 11th, the appalling
+     intelligence was communicated to the K[ing] that L. M.'s
+     life was in imminent danger. Meanwhile several members of
+     the royal family had tried to make an impression on the K.'s
+     mind. When his own tools, who, up to that moment, had been
+     pushing him on, told him that L.'s life was in jeopardy, and
+     that the regiments refused to fight, he began to yield. But
+     even then his behaviour left no doubt that the personal
+     safety of L[ola] M[ontez] was his paramount motive. He
+     himself ran to her house, which the mob had begun to pluck
+     down; regardless of all royal dignity, he exposed his person
+     to all the humiliation which the intercourse with an
+     infuriated mob might subject him to.... Certainly, that day
+     was the most disgraceful royalty has yet had in Bavaria.
+
+     ... You will find it natural that the first announcement of
+     L.M.'s forced departure begot universal exultation. In the
+     streets one met only smiling countenances; new hopes were
+     kindled. People wished, and therefore believed, that the
+     K[ing] having at last become aware of the true state of the
+     nation's mind, had made a noble sacrifice. A few days were
+     sufficient to undeceive them. The K.'s mind was in a sort of
+     fearful excitement, alternating between fits of depression
+     and thoughts of vengeance.... It is impossible to foresee
+     what things will lead to, and where the persecution is to
+     stop. The opinion gains credit that his intention is to
+     bring L[ola] M[ontez] back. Evidently he is acting, not only
+     from a thirst for vengeance, but also under the fatal
+     influence of an irresistible and sinister passion for that
+     woman.
+
+A few days later, Ludwig, to test public opinion, went to the Opera.
+
+"I have lost my taste for spectacles," he said to his companion, "but
+I wish to see if I am still King in the hearts of the people I have
+served."
+
+He was not long in doubt, for the moment he entered his box the
+audience stood up and cheered him vigorously. This was enough; and,
+without waiting for the curtain to rise, he returned to the Palace.
+
+"After all, my subjects still trust me," he said. "I was sure of
+them."
+
+
+III
+
+There was another display of loyalty elsewhere. The Munich garrison,
+under Ludwig's second son, Prince Luitpold, took a fresh oath _en
+masse_, swearing fidelity to the new constitution. It was, however, a
+little late in the day. Things had gone too far; and Lola, who had
+merely gone a few leagues from the capital, had not gone far enough.
+That was the trouble. She was still able to pull strings, and to make
+her influence felt in various directions. Nor would she show the white
+feather or succumb to the threats of rowdies.
+
+It was from Lindeau that, disguised as a boy (then a somewhat more
+difficult job than now), Lola, greatly daring, ventured back to the
+arms of Ludwig. But she only stopped with him a couple of hours, for
+she had been followed, and was still being hunted by the rabble of the
+town. Before, however, resuming her journey, she endeavoured to get
+into touch with her faithful _Alemannia_. "I beg you," she wrote to
+the proprietor of the cafe they frequented, "to tell me where Herr
+Peissner has gone." The landlord, fearing reprisals, withheld the
+knowledge. If he had given it, he would probably have had his premises
+wrecked. Safety first!
+
+In this juncture, Ludwig, acting like a mental deficient, announced
+that there was only one adequate explanation for Lola's conduct. This
+was that she was "possessed of an evil spirit" which had to be
+exorcised before things should get worse. Lending a ready ear to every
+quack in Bavaria, he sent her under escort to Weinsberg, to the clinic
+of a Dr. Justinus Kerner, who had established himself there as a
+mesmerist.
+
+"You are to drive the devil out of her," were the instructions given
+him.
+
+Fearing that his spells and incantations might, after all, not prove
+effective, and thus convict him for a charlatan, the man of science
+felt uneasy. Still, an order was an order, especially when it came
+from a King, and he promised to do his best. On the day that his
+patient arrived, he wrote to his married daughter, Emma Niendorf. A
+free translation of this letter, which is given in full by Dr. von Tim
+Klein (in his _Der Vorkamfdeutscher Einheit und Freiheit_), would
+read:
+
+     Yesterday there arrived here Lola Montez; and, until further
+     instructions come from Munich, I am detaining her in my
+     tower, where guard is being kept by three of the
+     _Alemannia_. That the King should have selected me of all
+     people to send her to is most annoying. But he was assured
+     that she was possessed of a devil, and that the devil in her
+     could be driven out by me at Weinsberg. Still, the case is
+     one of interest.
+
+     As a preliminary to my magneto-magic treatment, I am
+     beginning by subjecting her to a fasting-cure. This means
+     that every day all she is to have is a quarter of a wafer
+     and thirteen drops of raspberry juice.
+
+"_Sage es aber niemanden! Verbrenne diesen Brief!_" ("But don't tell
+anybody about it; burn this letter") was the exorcist's final
+injunction.
+
+To live up to his reputation for wonder-working, the mystic had an
+AEolian harp in each of the windows of his house, so arranged that
+Ariel-like voices would float through the summer breezes.
+
+"It is magic," said the peasants, crossing themselves devoutly when
+they heard the sound.
+
+But the harp-obligato proved no more effective than the reduced
+dieting and early attempt to popularise slimming. After a couple of
+days, accordingly, the regime was varied by the substitution of asses'
+milk for the raspberry juice. Much to his annoyance, however, the
+specialist had to report to another correspondent, Sophie Schwab, that
+his patient was not deriving any real benefit, and that the
+troublesome "devil" had not been dislodged.
+
+As was to be expected, Lola, having a healthy appetite and objecting
+to short rations, gave the mesmerist the slip and hurried back to her
+Ludwig. After a few words with him, she left for Stahrenberg.
+
+Ludwig sat down and wrote another "poem." Appropriately enough, this
+was entitled "Lamentation."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI
+
+A FALLEN STAR
+
+
+I
+
+Even with Lola Montez out of the way and the University doors
+re-opened, it was not a case of all quiet on the Munich front. Far
+from it. Berks, the new Minister of the Interior, who had always
+supported her, still remained in office; and Lola herself continued
+from a distance to pull strings. Some of them were effective.
+
+But Lola Montez, or no Lola Montez, there was in the eyes of his
+exasperated subjects more than enough to make them thoroughly
+dissatisfied with the Wittelsbach regime, as carried out by Ludwig.
+The Cabinet had become very nearly inarticulate; public funds had been
+squandered on all sorts of grandiose and unnecessary schemes; and the
+clerical element had long been allowed to ride roughshod over the
+constitution. Altogether, the "Ministry of Dawn," brought into
+existence with such a flourish of trumpets after the dismissal of von
+Abel and his colleagues, had not proved the anticipated success.
+Instead of getting better, things had got worse; and, although it had
+not actually been suggested, the idea of substituting the monarchy by
+a republic was being discussed in many quarters.
+
+The editor of the _Annual Register_, abandoning his customary attitude
+of an impartial historian, dealt out a sharp rap on the knuckles to
+the Royal Troubadour:
+
+"The discreditable conduct of the doting old King of Bavaria, in his
+open _liaison_ with a wandering actress who had assumed the name of
+Lola Montez (but who was in reality the eloped wife of an Englishman,
+and whom he had created a Bavarian Countess by the title of Graefin de
+Landsfeld), had thoroughly alienated the hearts of his subjects."
+
+As the result of a solemn conclave at the Rathaus, an ultimatum was
+delivered by the Cabinet; and Ludwig was informed, without any beating
+about the bush, that unless he wanted to plunge the country into
+revolution, Lola Montez must leave the kingdom. Ludwig yielded; and
+forgetful of, or else deliberately ignoring, the fact that he had once
+written a passionate threnody, in which he declared:
+
+    "And though thou be forsaken by all the world,
+    Yet, never wilt thou be abandoned by me!"
+
+he could find it in his heart to issue a decree expelling her from his
+realms.
+
+To this end, on March 17, he signed two separate Orders in Council.
+
+      1
+
+     "We, Ludwig, by the Grace of God, King of Bavaria, etc.,
+     think it necessary to give notice that the Countess of
+     Landsfeld has ceased to possess the rights of
+     naturalisation."
+
+      2
+
+     "Since the Countess of Landsfeld does not give up her design
+     of disturbing the peace of the capital and country, all the
+     judicial authorities of the kingdom are hereby ordered to
+     arrest the said Countess wherever she may be discovered.
+     They are to carry her to the nearest fortress, where she is
+     to be kept in custody."
+
+Events moved rapidly. A few days later Lola was arrested by Prince
+Wallerstein (whom she herself had put into power when his stock had
+fallen) and deported, as an "undesirable alien," to Switzerland.
+
+Woman-like, she had the last word.
+
+"I am leaving Bavaria," she said, "but, before very long, your King
+will also leave."
+
+Everybody had something to say about the business. Most people had a
+lot to say. The wires hummed; and the foreign correspondents in Munich
+filled columns with long accounts of the recent disturbances in Munich
+and their origin. No two accounts were similar.
+
+"The people insisted," says Edward Cayley, in his _European
+Revolutions of_ 1848, "on the dismissal of the King's mistress. She
+was sent away, but, trusting to the King's dotage, she came back,
+police or no police.... This was a climax to which the people were
+unprepared to submit, not that they were any more virtuous than their
+Sovereign." Another publicist, Edward Maurice, puts it a little
+differently: "In Bavaria the power exercised by Lola Montez over
+Ludwig had long been distasteful to the sterner reformers." This was
+true enough; but the Muencheners disliked the Jesuits still more,
+asserting that it was with them that Lola shared the conscience of the
+King. The Liberals were ready for action, and welcomed the opportunity
+of asserting themselves.
+
+As soon as Lola was really out of the country, her Barerstrasse
+mansion was searched from attic to cellar by the Munich police. Since,
+in order to justify the search, they had to discover something
+compromising, they announced that they had discovered "proofs" that
+Lord Palmerston and Mazzini were in active correspondence with the
+King's ex-mistress; and that the go-between for the British Foreign
+Office was a Jew called Loeb. This individual was an artist who had
+been employed to decorate the house. Seized with pangs of remorse, he
+is said to have gone to Ludwig and confessed having intercepted Lola's
+correspondence with Mazzini and engineered the rioting. He further
+declared that large sums of money had been sent her from abroad.
+Historians, however, have no knowledge of this; nor was the nature of
+the "proofs" ever revealed.
+
+Lola's villa in the Barerstrasse afterwards became the new home of the
+British Legation. It was demolished in 1914; and not even a wall
+plaque now marks her one-time occupancy. As for the Residenz Palace
+where she dallied with Ludwig, this building is now a museum, and as
+such echoes to the tramp of tourists and the snapping of cameras. _Sic
+transit_, etc.
+
+
+II
+
+When Lola, hunted from pillar to post, eventually left Munich for
+Switzerland, it was in the company of Auguste Papon, who, on the
+grounds of "moral turpitude," had already been given his
+marching-orders. He described himself as a "courier." His passport,
+however, bore the less exalted description of "cook." It was probably
+the more correct one. The faithful Fritz Peissner, anxious to be of
+service to the woman he loved, and for whom he had already risked his
+life, joined her at Constance, together with two other members of the
+_Alemannia_, Count Hirschberg and Lieutenant Nussbaum. But they only
+stopped a few days.
+
+Anxious to get into touch with them, Lola wrote to the landlord at
+their last address:
+
+     _2 March, 1848._
+
+     SIR,
+
+     In case the students of the Alemannia Society have left your
+     hotel, I beg you to inform my servant, the bearer of this
+     letter, where Monsieur Peissner, for whom he has a parcel to
+     deliver, has gone.
+
+     Receive in advance my distinguished sentiments.
+
+     COUNTESS OF LANDSFELD.
+
+Lola's first halt in Switzerland (a country she described as "that
+little Republic which, like a majestic eagle, lies in the midst of the
+vultures and cormorants of Europe") was at Geneva. An error of
+judgment, for the austere citizens of Calvin's town, setting a
+somewhat lofty standard among visitors, were impervious to her
+blandishments. "They were," she complained, "as chilly as their own
+icicles." At Berne, however, to which she went next, she had better
+luck. This was because she met there an impressionable young Charge
+d'affaires attached to the British Legation, whom she found "somewhat
+younger than Ludwig, but more than twice as silly." An _entente_ was
+soon established. "Sometimes riding, and sometimes driving she would
+appear in public, accompanied by her youthful adorer."
+
+The official was Robert Peel, a son of the distinguished statesman,
+and was afterwards to become third baronet. In a curious little work,
+typical of the period, _The Black Book of the British Aristocracy_,
+there is an acid allusion to the matter: "This bright youth has just
+taken under his protection the notorious Lola Montez, and was lately
+to be observed walking with her, in true diplomatic style, in the
+streets of a Swiss town."
+
+It was about this period that it occurred to a theatrical manager in
+London, looking for a novelty, that there was material for a stirring
+drama written round the career of Lola Montez. No sooner said than
+done; and a hack dramatist, who was kept on the premises, was
+commissioned to set to work. Locked up in his garret with a bottle of
+brandy, at the end of a week he delivered the script. This being
+approved by the management, it was put into rehearsal, and the
+hoardings plastered with bills:
+
++---------------------------------------------------------------+
+|                  THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET                     |
+|                                                               |
+|    (Under the Patronage of Her Gracious Majesty The Queen,    |
+|  His Royal Highness Prince Albert, and the Elite of Rank and  |
+|  Fashion.) On Wednesday, April 26, 1848, will be produced a   |
+|  New and Original and Apropos Sketch entitled:                |
+|                                                               |
+|          "LOLA MONTEZ, or THE COUNTESS FOR AN HOUR."          |
++---------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+"An hour." This was about as long as it lasted, for the reception by
+the critics was distinctly chilly. "We cannot," announced one of them,
+"applaud the motives that governed the production of a farce
+introducing a mock sovereign and his mistress. In our opinion the
+piece is extremely objectionable."
+
+The Lord Chamberlain apparently shared this view, for he had the play
+withdrawn after the second performance.
+
+"_Es gibt kein Zurueck_" ("There is to be no coming back") had been
+Ludwig's last words to her. But Lola did not take the injunction
+seriously. According to a letter in the _Deutsche Zeitung_, she was
+back in Munich within a week, travelling under the "protection" of
+Baron Moeller, a Russian diplomatist. Entering the Palace
+surreptitiously, she extracted a cheque for 50,000 florins from
+Ludwig. As it was drawn on Rothschild's bank at Frankfort, she hurried
+off there, and returned to Switzerland the same evening, "with a
+bagful of notes."
+
+To convince his readers that he was well behind the scenes, Papon
+gives a letter which he asserts was written by Ludwig to a
+correspondent some months later:
+
+     I wish to know from you if my dear Countess would like her
+     annuity assured by having it paid into a private bank, or if
+     she would rather I deposited a million francs with the Bank
+     of England.... I am already being blamed for giving her too
+     much. As the revolutionaries seize upon any pretext to
+     assert themselves, it is important to avoid directing
+     attention to her just now. Still, I want my dearly loved
+     Countess to be satisfied. I repeat that the whole world
+     cannot part me from her.
+
+While he was with her in Switzerland, Papon strung together a
+pamphlet: _Lola Montez, Memoires accompagnes de lettres intimes de
+S.M. le Roi de Baviere et de Lola Montez, ornes des portraits, sur
+originaux donnes par eux a l'auteur_, purporting to be written by
+their subject. "I owe my readers," he makes her say smugly, "the exact
+truth. They must judge between my enemies and myself." But, in his
+character of a Peeping Tom, very little truth was expended by Papon.
+Thus, he declares that, during her sojourn in the land of the
+mountains and William Tell, she had a series of _affaires_ with a
+"baron," a "muscular artisan," and an "intrepid sailor." He also has a
+story to the effect that "two pure-blooded English ladies, the bearers
+of illustrious names," called on her uninvited; and that this
+circumstance annoyed her so much that she made her pet monkey attack
+them.
+
+But Auguste Papon cannot be considered a very reliable authority. A
+decidedly odd fish, he claimed to be an ex-officer and also dubbed
+himself a marquis. For all his pretensions, however, he was merely a
+_chevalier d'industrie_, living on his wits; and, masquerading as a
+priest, he was afterwards convicted of swindling and sent to prison.
+
+
+III
+
+A doughty, but anonymous, champion jumped into the breach and issued a
+counterblast to Papon's effort in the shape of a second pamphlet,
+headed "A Reply." But this was not any more remarkable for its
+accuracy than the original. Thus, it declares, "She [Lola] lived with
+the King of Bavaria, a man of eighty-seven. The nature of that
+intimacy can best be surmised by reading the second and third verses
+of the First Book of Kings, Chapter i. It is evident to any reflecting
+mind that it was a sort of King David arrangement." As for the rest of
+the pamphlet, it was chiefly taken up with an elaborate argument that,
+all said and done, its subject was no worse than other ladies, and
+much better than many of them.
+
+Among extracts from this well intentioned effort, the following are
+the more important:
+
+     A certain Marquis Auguste Papon, a quondam panderer to the
+     natural desires and affections which are common to the whole
+     human race, published and circulated throughout Europe a
+     volume which stamps his own infamy (as we shall have
+     occasion to show in the course of this reply) in far more
+     ineffaceable characters than that of those whom, in his
+     vindictiveness, he gloatingly sought to destroy.
+
+     But, before we proceed to dissect his book, it may be
+     permitted us to ask the impartial reader what there is so
+     very remarkable in the conduct of the King of Bavaria and
+     Lola Montez as to distinguish them unfavourably from the
+     monarchs and women celebrated for their talent, originality,
+     and beauty who have gone before. Where are Henry IV of
+     France, Henry V, Louis XIV, and Louis XV, with their
+     respective mistresses? Who of their people ever presumed to
+     interfere on the score of morality with the favours and
+     honours conferred on those distinguished women? Nay, to come
+     down to a later period, has the Marquis Auguste Papon ever
+     heard of the loves of Louis XVIII and Madame de Cuyla, and
+     that after the monarch's restoration in 1814? Is he ignorant
+     of those of Napoleon himself and Mademoiselle Georges? Have
+     not almost all the royal family of England--even those of
+     the House of Hanover--been notorious for their connection
+     with celebrated women? Has he never heard of Mrs.
+     Walkinshaw, ostensible mistress of Charles Edward the
+     Pretender, of Lucy Barlow, mistress of Charles II, mother of
+     the Duke of Monmouth? Of Arabella Churchill and Katherine
+     Sedley, mistresses of James II? Of the Countess of Kendal,
+     mistress of George II, who was received everywhere in
+     English society? Or of George IV and the Marchioness of
+     C----? Of the Duke of York and Mary Anne Clark? Of the Duke
+     of Clarence and the amiable and respected Mrs. J----? And
+     last, not least, of the present King of Hanover and late
+     Duke of Cumberland, who labours even unto this hour under
+     suspicion of having murdered his valet Sellis, to conceal
+     his adultery with his wife? In what differs the King of
+     Bavaria from these?
+
+[Illustration: _Lola Montez in caricature. "Lola on the Allemannen
+Hound"_]
+
+     But even to descend lower into the social scale of those who
+     have occupied the attention of the world without incurring
+     its marked and impertinent censure, has the Marquis Auguste
+     Papon ever heard of the beautiful Miss Foote, who, first the
+     favourite of the celebrated Colonel Berkeley (a natural
+     brother of the Duke of Devonshire) and secondly of a
+     personal friend of the writer of this reply--the
+     celebrated Pea Green Hayne--became finally the charming and
+     amiable Countess of Harrington, one of the sweetest women
+     that ever were placed at the head of the Stanhope family or
+     graced a peerage?
+
+     Who, that ever once enjoyed the pleasure of knowing this
+     fairest flower in the parterre of England's aristocracy of
+     beauty, would, in a spirit of revenge and disappointed
+     avarice, have had the grossness to insult _her_ as the
+     Marquis of Papon--the depository of all her secrets--has
+     insulted the Countess of Landsfeld with the loathsome name
+     of "courtesan," because, yielding to the confidence of her
+     woman's heart, she had been the adored of two previous
+     lovers? Never did Lord Petersham, afterwards the Earl of
+     Harrington, take a more sensible course than when he
+     elevated in a holy and irreproachable love--a love that
+     strangled scandal in its bloated fullness--the fascinating
+     Maria Foote to the position she was made to adorn, being
+     twin sister in beauty as well as in law to the charming Miss
+     Green, whose ripe red lips and long dark-lashed blue and
+     laughing eyes were, before her marriage with Colonel
+     Stanhope, the admiration and subject of homage of all
+     London. Should her eye ever rest on this page, she will
+     perceive that we have not forgotten its power and
+     expression.
+
+     To descend still lower in the scale of social life, has the
+     Marquis Auguste Papon ever heard of the celebrated Madame
+     Vestris, now Mrs. Mathews? Is he ignorant that her
+     theatre--the Olympic--was ever a resort of the most
+     fashionable and aristocratic people of London? Did her moral
+     life in any way detract from her popularity as a woman of
+     talent and of beauty, and an artiste of exceeding
+     fascination and merit? And yet she had more lovers than the
+     Marquis Auguste Papon can, with all his ingenuity, raise up
+     in evidence against the remarkable woman he, in his not very
+     creditable spirit of vengeance, has sworn to destroy.
+
+     Let us enumerate those we know to have been the lovers of
+     Madame Vestris, who, after having passed her youth in all
+     the variety of enjoyment, at length became the wife of a
+     man, not without talent himself, and whose father stood
+     first among the names celebrated in the comic art.
+
+     First was a personal friend of the writer of this reply to
+     the unmanly attack of the Marquis Auguste Papon. And we have
+     reason to remember it, for the connection of Henry Cole with
+     the most fascinating woman of her day led to a duel in Hyde
+     Park, of which that lady was the immediate cause, between
+     the writer and a British officer who was so ungallant as to
+     seek to check the enthusiasm created by her scarcely
+     paralleled acting. To him succeeded Sir John Anstruther, and
+     after Sir John the celebrated Horace Claggett. In what order
+     their successors came we do not recollect, but of those who
+     knew Madame Vestris in all the intimacy of the most tender
+     friendship were Handsome Jack, Captain Best, Lord Edward
+     Thynne, and Lord Castlereagh. These things were no secrets
+     to the thousands who, fascinated by her beauty and the
+     perfection of her acting, nevertheless thronged the theatre
+     she was admitted to have conducted with the most amiable
+     propriety and skill. On the contrary, they were as much
+     matters of general knowledge among people of the first rank
+     and fashion as the sun at noon-day. And yet what gentleman
+     ever presumed to affix to the name of this gifted woman,
+     whose very disregard of the opinion of those who
+     hypocritically and _sub rosa_ pursued in nearly ninety-nine
+     cases out of a hundred the same course--what gentleman, we
+     ask, ever dared to commit himself so far as to term her a
+     "courtesan"?
+
+There was a good deal more of it, for the "Reply" ran to seventy-six
+pages.
+
+The title-page of this counterblast ran:
+
+LOLA MONTEZ
+
+or
+
+A REPLY TO THE
+"PRIVATE HISTORY AND MEMOIRS"
+
+of
+
+THAT CELEBRATED LADY
+
+RECENTLY PUBLISHED
+
+By
+
+THE MARQUIS PAPON
+
+FORMERLY SECRETARY TO
+THE KING OF BAVARIA
+AND FOR A PERIOD
+THE PROFESSED FRIEND AND ATTENDANT
+of
+THE COUNTESS OF LANDSFELD
+
+_Stet Nomnis Umbra_--Junius
+
+NEW YORK
+
+1851
+
+
+IV
+
+Bavaria was the key position in the sphere of European politics just
+then. Ludwig, however, had dallied with the situation too long.
+Nothing that he could do now would save him. Unrest was in the air.
+All over Europe the tide of democracy was rising, and fast threatening
+to engulf the entrenched positions of the autocrats. Metternich,
+reading the portents, was planning to leave a mob-ridden Vienna for
+the more tranquil atmosphere of Brighton; Louis Philippe, setting him
+an example, had already fled from Paris; and Prince William of
+Prussia, shaving off his moustache (and travelling on a false
+passport), was hurrying to England while the going was still good.
+With these examples to guide them, the Bavarians, tired of soft
+promises and smooth words, were clamouring for a fresh hand at the
+helm. Realising that the choice lay between this and a republic,
+Ludwig bowed to the inevitable; and, with crocodile tears and
+hypocritical protestations of good faith, surrendered his sceptre. To
+give the decision full effect, he issued a Proclamation:
+
+     "Bavarians! A new condition has arisen. This differs
+     substantially from the one under which I have governed you
+     for twenty-three years. Accordingly, I lay down my sceptre
+     in favour of my beloved son, Prince Maximilian. I have
+     always governed you with full regard for your welfare. Had I
+     been a mere clerk, I could not have worked more strenuously;
+     had I been a Minister of Finance, I could not have devoted
+     more attention to the requirements of my country. I thank
+     God that I can look the whole world fearlessly in the face
+     and there confront the most scrutinising eye. Although I now
+     relinquish my crown, I can assure you that my heart still
+     beats as warmly as ever for Bavaria.
+
+     "MUNICH,
+
+     _March 21, 1848_."
+
+Ludwig's signature to this mixture of rigmarole and bombast was
+followed by those of his sons, the Princes Maximilian Luitpold,
+Adalbert, and Carl. As for Maximilian, the new sovereign, he, rather
+than risk being thrown out of the saddle, was prepared to make a clean
+sweep of a number of existing grievances. As an earnest of his
+intentions, he promised, in the course of a frothy oration, to grant
+an amnesty to political prisoners, liberty of the press, the abolition
+of certain taxes, the institution of trial by jury, and a long delayed
+reform of the franchise.
+
+With the idea, no doubt, of filling the vacancy in his affections
+caused by the abrupt departure of Lola Montez, Fraeulein Schroder, a
+young actress at the Hof Theatre, endeavoured to comfort Ludwig in his
+retirement. He, however, was beyond forming any fresh contacts.
+
+"My happiness is gone from me," he murmured sadly. "I cannot stop in a
+capital to which I have long given a father's loving care."
+
+Firm in this resolve, he left Munich for the Riviera and took a villa
+among the olives and oranges of Nice. There he turned over a fresh
+leaf. But he did not stop writing poetry. Nor did he stop writing to
+the woman who was still in his thoughts. One ardent epistle that
+followed her into exile ran in this fashion:
+
+     Oh, my Lolita! A ray of sunshine at the break of day! A
+     stream of light in an obscured sky! Hope ever causes chords
+     long forgotten to resound, and existence becomes once again
+     pleasant as of yore. Such were the feelings which animated
+     me during that night of happiness when, thanks to you alone,
+     everything was sheer joy. Thy spirit lifted up mine out of
+     sadness; never did an intoxication equal the one I then
+     felt!
+
+     Thou hast lost thy gaiety; persecution has stripped you of
+     it; and has robbed you of your health. The happiness of your
+     life is already disturbed. But now, and more solidly than
+     ever, are you attached to me. Nobody will ever be able to
+     separate us. You have suffered because you love me.
+
+When accounts of what was happening in Bavaria reached England a well
+pickled rod was applied to Lola's back:
+
+"The sanguinary and destructive conduct of the Munich mob," began a
+furious leading article, "was caused by the supposed return of
+Bavaria's famous strumpet, Lola Montez. This heroine was once familiar
+to the eyes of all Paris, and notorious as a courtesan. When she was
+invested with a title, the Bavarians shuddered at their degradation.
+It was nothing less than an outrage on the part of royalty, never to
+be forgotten or forgiven."
+
+The columns of _Maga_ also wielded the rod in vigorous fashion:
+
+     "The late King, one of the most accomplished of dilettanti,
+     worst of poets, and silliest of men, had latterly put the
+     coping-stone to a life of folly by engaging in a most
+     bare-faced intrigue with the notorious Lola Montez. The
+     indecency and infatuation of this last _liaison_--far more
+     openly conducted than any of his former numerous amours--had
+     given intense umbrage to the nobility whom he had insulted
+     by elevating the ci-devant opera-dancer to their ranks."
+
+Yet, with all his faults heavy upon him, Ludwig, none the less, had
+his points. Thus, in addition to converting Munich from a second-rate
+town to a really important capital, he did much to encourage the
+development of art and letters and science and education throughout
+his kingdom. Ignaz Doellinger, the theologian, Joseph Goerres, the
+historian, Jean Paul Richter, the poet, Franz Schwanthaler, the
+sculptor, and Wilhelm Thirsch, the philosopher, with Richard Wagner
+and a host of others basked in his patronage. When he died, twenty
+years later, these facts were remembered and his little slips
+forgotten. The Muencheners gave him burial in the Basilica; and an
+equestrian statue, bearing the inscription, "Just and Persevering,"
+was set up in the Odeon-Platz.
+
+It is the fashion among certain historians to charge Lola Montez with
+responsibility for the revolution in Bavaria. But this charge is not
+justified. The fact is, the kingdom was ripe for revolution; and the
+equilibrium of the government was so unstable that Ludwig would have
+lost his crown, whether she was in the country or not.
+
+It is just as well to remember this.
+
+
+V
+
+After a few months among them, Lola, tiring of the Swiss cantons,
+thought she might as well discover if England, which she had not
+visited for six years, could offer any fresh attractions. Accordingly,
+resolved to make the experiment, on December 30, 1848, she arrived in
+London.
+
+The _Satirist_, hearing the news, suggested that the managers of Drury
+Lane and Covent Garden should engage her as a "draw." But she did not
+stop in England very long, as she returned to the Continent almost at
+once.
+
+In the following spring, she made a second journey to London, and
+sailed from Rotterdam. Unknown to her, the passenger list was to have
+included another fallen star. This was Metternich, who, with the
+riff-raff of Vienna thundering at the doors of his palace, was
+preparing to seek sanctuary in England. Thinking, however, that the
+times were not altogether propitious, he decided to postpone the
+expedition.
+
+"If," he wrote, "the Chartist troubles had not prevented me embarking
+yesterday at Rotterdam, I should have reached London this morning in
+the company of the Countess of Landsfeld. She sailed by the steamer in
+which I was to have travelled. I thank heaven for having preserved me
+from such contact!"
+
+All things considered, it is perhaps just as well that the two
+refugees did not cross the Channel together. Had they done so, it is
+probable that one of them would have found a watery grave.
+
+Metternich had worsted Napoleon, but he found himself worsted by Lola
+Montez. On April 9, he wrote from The Hague:
+
+     "I have put off my departure for England, because I wished
+     to know first what was happening in that country as a result
+     of the Chartists' disturbance. I consider that, for me who
+     must have absolute rest, it would have been ridiculous to
+     have arrived in the middle of the agitation."
+
+Louis Napoleon, however, was made of sterner stuff; and it is to his
+credit that, as a return for the hospitality extended him, he was
+sworn in as a special constable.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII
+
+A "LEFT-HANDED" MARRIAGE
+
+
+I
+
+On arriving in London, and (thanks to the bounty of Ludwig) being well
+provided with funds, Lola took a house in Half Moon Street,
+Piccadilly. There she established something of a _salon_, where she
+gave a series of evening receptions. They were not, perhaps, up to the
+old Barerstrasse standard; still, they brought together a number of
+the less important "lions," all of whom were only too pleased to
+accept invitations.
+
+Among the hangers-on was Frederick Leveson-Gower, a son of Earl
+Granville. He had met the great Rachel in Paris and was ecstatic about
+her. "Not long after," he says, "I got to know another much less
+gifted individual, but who having captivated a King, upset two
+Ministries, and brought about a revolution in Bavaria, was entitled to
+be looked upon as celebrated. This was Lola Montez."
+
+In his character of what is still oddly dubbed a "man-about-town,"
+Serjeant Ballantine was also among those who attended these Half Moon
+Street gatherings. "His hostess," he says, "had certain claims to
+celebrity. She was, I believe, of Spanish origin, and certainly
+possessed that country's style of beauty, with much dash of manner and
+an extremely _outre_ fashion of dress." Another occasional visitor was
+George Augustus Sala, a mid-Victorian journalist who was responsible
+for printing more slipshod inaccuracies than any two members of his
+craft put together. He says that he once contemplated writing Lola's
+memoirs. He did not, however, get beyond "contemplating." This,
+perhaps, was just as well, since he was so ill-equipped for the task
+that he imagined she was a sister of Adah Isaacs Menken.
+
+"About this time," he says, "I made the acquaintance, at a little
+cigar shop under the pillars in Norreys Street, Regent Street, of an
+extremely handsome lady, originally the wife of a solicitor, but who
+had been known in London and Paris as a ballet-dancer under the name
+of Lola Montez. When I knew her, she had just escaped from Munich,
+where she had been too notorious as Countess of Landsfeld. She had
+obtained for a time complete mastery over old King Ludwig of Bavaria;
+and something like a revolution had been necessary to induce her to
+quit the Bavarian capital."
+
+A ridiculous story spread that Lord Brougham (who had witnessed her
+ill-starred debut in 1843) wanted to marry her. The fact that there
+was already a Lady Brougham in existence did not curb the tongues of
+the gossipers. "She refused the honourable Lord," says a French
+journalist, "in a manner that redounded to her credit."
+
+Journalists, anxious for "copy," haunted Half Moon Street all day
+long. They were never off her doorstep. "Town gossip," declared one of
+them, "is in full swing; and the general public are all agog to catch
+a glimpse of the latest 'lioness.' Lola Montez is on every lip and in
+everybody's eye. She is causing an even bigger sensation than that
+inspired by the Swedish Nightingale, Madame Jenny Lind."
+
+Notwithstanding the ill-success of a former attempt to exploit her
+personality behind the footlights, Mrs. Keeley produced a sketch at
+the Haymarket written "round" Lola Montez. This, slung together by
+Stirling Coyne, was called: _Pas de Fascination_. The scene was laid
+in "Neverask-_where_"; and among the characters were "Prince
+Dunbrownski," "Count Muffenuff," and "General von Bolte."
+
+It scarcely sounds rib-rending.
+
+Mrs. Charles Kean, who attended the first performance, described _Pas
+de Fascination_ as "the most daring play I ever witnessed." Lola
+Montez herself took it in good part. She sat in a box, "and, when the
+curtain fell, threw a magnificent bouquet at the principal actress."
+Coals of fire.
+
+Not to be behindhand in offering tit-bits of "news," an American
+correspondent informed his readers that: "During the early part of
+1849, Lola Montez, arrayed in the Royal Bavarian jewels, crashed into
+one of the Court balls at Buckingham Palace. Needless to remark," he
+added, "the audacity has not been repeated." From this, it would
+appear that the Lord Chamberlain had been aroused from his temporary
+slumbers.
+
+The _Satirist_ had assured his readers "the public will soon be
+hearing more of Madame Montez." They did. What they heard was
+something quite unexpected. This was that she had made a second
+experiment in matrimony, and that her choice had fallen on a Mr.
+George Heald, a callow lad of twenty, for whom a commission as Cornet
+in the Life Guards had been purchased by his family.
+
+
+II
+
+The precise reasons actuating Lola in adopting this step were not
+divulged. Several, however, suggested themselves. Perhaps she was
+attracted by the Cornet's glittering cuirass and plumed helmet;
+perhaps by his substantial income; and perhaps she tired of being a
+homeless wanderer, and felt that here at last was a prospect of
+settling down and experimenting with domesticity.
+
+When the announcement appeared in print there was much fluttering
+among the Mayfair dovecotes. As the bridegroom had an income of
+approximately L10,000 a year, the debutantes--chagrined to discover
+that such an "eligible" had been snatched from their grasp--felt
+inclined to call an indignation meeting.
+
+"Preposterous," they said, "that such a woman should have snapped him
+up! Something ought to be done about it."
+
+But, for the moment, nothing was "done about it," and the knot was
+tied on July 14. Lola saw that the knot should be a double one; and
+the ceremony took place, first, at the French Catholic Chapel in King
+Street, and afterwards at St. George's, Hanover Square.
+
+[Illustration: _Berrymead Priory, Acton, where Lola Montez lived with
+Cornet Heald_]
+
+A press representative, happening to be among the congregation, rushed
+off to Grub Street. There he was rewarded with a welcome five
+shillings by his editor, who, in high glee at securing such a piece of
+news before any other journal, had a characteristic paragraph on the
+subject:
+
+     Lola Montez, Countess of Landsfeld, the ex-danseuse and
+     ex-favourite of the imbecile old King of Bavaria, is, we are
+     able to inform our readers, at last married legitimately.
+     _On dit_ that her young husband, Mr. George Trafford Heald,
+     has been dragged into the match somewhat hurriedly. It will
+     be curious to mark the progress of the Countess in this
+     novel position. A sudden change from a career of furious
+     excitement to one in which prudence and a regard for the
+     rules of good society are the very opposite to those
+     observed by loose foreigners must prove a trial to her.
+     Whipping commissaries of police, and setting ferocious dogs
+     at inoffensive civilians, may do very well for Munich. In
+     England, however, we are scarcely prepared for these
+     activities, even if they be deemed the privilege of a
+     countess.
+
+Disraeli, who had a hearty appetite for all the tit-bits of gossip
+discussed in Mayfair drawing-rooms, heard of the match and mentioned
+it in a letter to his sister, Sarah:
+
+     _July, 1849._
+
+     The Lola Montez marriage makes a sensation. I believe he
+     [Heald] has only L3,000 per annum, not L13,000. It was an
+     affair of a few days. She sent to ask the refusal of his
+     dog, which she understood was for sale--of course it wasn't,
+     being very beautiful. But he sent it as a present. She
+     rejoined; he called; and they were married in a week. He is
+     only twenty-one, and wished to be distinguished. Their
+     dinner invitations are already out, I am told. She quite
+     convinced him previously that she was not Mrs. James; and,
+     as for the King of Bavaria, who, by the by, allows her L1500
+     a year, and to whom she writes every day--that was only a
+     _malheureuse_ passion.
+
+Apropos of this union, a popular riddle went the round of the clubs:
+"Why does a certain young officer of the Life Guards resemble a much
+mended pair of shoes?" The answer was, "Because he has been heeled
+[Heald] and soled [sold]."
+
+The honeymoon was spent at Berrymead Priory, a house that the
+bridegroom owned at Acton. This was a substantial Gothic building,
+with several acres of well timbered ground and gardens. Some distance,
+perhaps, from the Cornet's barracks. Still, one imagines he did not
+take his military duties very seriously; and leave of absence "on
+urgent private affairs" was, no doubt, granted in liberal fashion.
+Also, he possessed a phaeton, in which, with a spanking chestnut
+between the shafts, the miles would soon be covered.
+
+The Priory had a history stretching back to the far off days of Henry
+III, when it belonged to the Chapter of St. Paul's Cathedral. Henry
+VII, in high-handed fashion, presented it to the Earl of Bedford; and
+a subsequent occupant was the notorious Elizabeth Chudleigh, the
+bigamous spouse of the Duke of Kingston. Another light lady, Nancy
+Dawson, is also said to have lived there as its chatelaine, under the
+"protection" of the Duke of Newcastle.
+
+At the beginning of the last century the property was acquired by a
+Colonel Clutton. He was followed by Edward Bulwer, afterwards Lord
+Lytton, who lived there on and off (chiefly off) with his wife, until
+their separation in 1836. On one occasion he gave a dinner-party,
+among the guests being John Forster, "to meet Miss Landon,
+Fontblanque, and Hayward." To the invitation was added the warning,
+"We dine at half-past five, to allow time for return, and regret much
+having no spare beds as yet." A spare bed, however, was available for
+Lord Beaconsfield, when he dined there in the following year.
+
+On the departure of Bulwer, the house had a succession of tenants; and
+for a short period it even sheltered a bevy of Nuns of the Sacred
+Heart. It was when they left that the estate was purchased by Mr.
+George Heald, a barrister with a flourishing practice. He left it to
+his booby son, the Cornet: and it was thus that Lola Montez
+established her connection with Berrymead Priory.
+
+While the original house still stands, the garden in which it stood
+has gone; and the building itself now serves as the premises of the
+Acton Constitutional Club. But the committee have been careful to
+preserve some evidence of Cornet Heald's occupancy. Thus, his crest
+and family motto, _Nemo sibi Nascitur_, are let into the mosaic
+flooring of the hall, and the drawing-room ceiling is embellished with
+his initials picked out in gold.
+
+
+III
+
+Prejudice, perhaps, but unions between the sons of Mars and the
+daughters of Terpsichore were in those days frowned upon by the
+military big-wigs at the Horse Guards. Hence, it was not long before
+an inspired note on the subject of this one appeared in the
+_Standard_:
+
+     We learn from undoubted authority that, immediately on the
+     marriage of Lieutenant Heald with the Countess of Landsfeld,
+     the Marquess of Londonderry, Colonel of the 2nd Life Guards,
+     took the most decisive steps to recommend to Her Majesty
+     that this officer's resignation of his commission should be
+     insisted on; and that he should at once leave the regiment,
+     which this unfortunate and extraordinary act might possibly
+     prejudice.
+
+Her Majesty, having consulted the Prince Consort and the Duke of
+Wellington, shared this view. Instead, however, of being summarily
+"gazetted out," the love-sick young warrior was permitted to "send in
+his papers."
+
+Thinking that he had acted precipitately in resigning, Cornet Heald
+(egged on, doubtless, by Lola) endeavoured to get his resignation
+cancelled. The authorities, however, were adamant. "Much curiosity,"
+says a journalistic comment, "has been aroused among the Household
+Troops by the efforts of this officer to regain his commission after
+having voluntarily relinquished it. Notwithstanding his youth and the
+fact that he had given way to a sudden impulse, Lord Londonderry was
+positively inflexible. Yet the influence and eloquence of a certain
+ex-Chancellor, well known to the bride, was brought to bear on him."
+
+The "certain ex-Chancellor" was none other than Lord Brougham.
+
+Much criticism followed in other circles. Everybody had an opinion to
+advance. Most of them were far from complimentary, and there were
+allusions by the dozen to "licentious soldiery" and "gilded
+popinjays." The rigid editor of _The Black Book of the British
+Aristocracy_ was particularly indignant. "The Army," he declared, in a
+fierce outburst, "is the especial favourite of the aristocratic
+section. Any brainless young puppy with a commission is free to lounge
+away his time in dandyism and embryo moustaches at the public
+expense."
+
+The _Satirist_, living up to its name, also had its customary sting:
+
+     Of course, the gallant Colonel of the Household Troops could
+     not do less. That distinguished corps is immaculate; and no
+     breath of wind must come between it and its propriety. There
+     is but one black sheep in the 2nd Life Guards, and that, in
+     the eyes of the coal black colonel (him of the collieries),
+     is the soft, enchanted, and enchained Mr. Heald. Poor Heald!
+     Indignant Londonderry! How subservient, in truth, must be
+     the lean subaltern to his fat colonel.
+
+A Sunday organ followed suit. "What," it demanded, "may be the precise
+article of the military code against which Mr. Heald is thought to
+have offended? One could scarcely have supposed that officers in Her
+Majesty's service were living under such a despotism that they should
+be compelled to solicit permission to get married, or their colonel's
+approbation of their choice."
+
+In addition to thus disapproving of marriages between his officers and
+ladies of the stage, Lord Londonderry (a veteran of fifty-five years'
+service) disapproved with equal vigour of tobacco. "What," he once
+wrote to Lord Combermere, "are the Gold Sticks to do with that sink of
+smoking, the Horse Guards' guard and mess-rooms? Whenever I have
+visited them, I have found them _worse_ than any pot-house, and this
+actually opposite the Adjutant-General's and under his Grace's very
+nose!"
+
+The example set by Cornet Heald seems to have been catching. "Another
+young officer of this regiment," announced the _Globe_, "has just run
+off with a frail lady belonging to the Theatre and actually married
+her at Brighton." He, too, was required to "send in his papers."
+
+Besides losing his commission, Cornet Heald had, in his marriage, all
+unwittingly laid up a peck of fresh trouble for himself. This was
+brought to a head by the action of his spinster aunt, Miss Susannah
+Heald, who, until he came of age, had been his guardian. Suspecting
+Lola of a "past," she set herself to pry into it. Gathering that her
+nephew's inamorata had already been married, she employed enquiry
+agents to look into this previous union and discover just how and when
+it had been dissolved. They did their work well, and reported that the
+divorce decree of seven years earlier had not been made absolute, and
+that Lola's first husband, Captain James, was still alive. Armed with
+this knowledge, Miss Heald hurried off to the authorities, and, having
+"laid an information," had Lola Montez arrested for bigamy.
+
+The case was heard at Marlborough Street police court, with Mr.
+Bingham sitting as Magistrate. Mr. Clarkson conducted the prosecution,
+and Mr. Bodkin appeared for the defence.
+
+"The proceedings of a London police court," declared _John Bull_,
+"have seldom presented a case more fruitful of matter for public
+gossip than was exhibited in the investigation at Marlborough Street,
+where the mediated wife of a British officer (and one invested with
+the distinction of Royal favouritism) answered a charge of imputed
+bigamy.... It will readily be inferred that we allude to that
+extraordinary personage known as Lola Montez, _alias_ the Countess of
+Landsfeld."
+
+Lola had, as the theatrical world would put it, dressed for the part.
+She had probably rehearsed it, too. She wore, we learn, "a black silk
+costume, under a velvet jacket, and a plain white straw bonnet trimmed
+with blue ribbons." As became a countess, she was not required to sit
+in the dock, but was given a chair in front of it. "There," said a
+reporter, "she appeared quite unembarrassed, and smiled frequently as
+she made a remark to her husband. She was described on the charge
+sheet as being twenty-four years of age, but in our opinion she has
+the look of a woman of at least thirty."
+
+"In figure," added a second occupant of the press box, "madam is
+rather plump, and of middle height, with pale complexion, unusually
+large blue eyes and long black lashes. Her reputed husband, Mr. Heald,
+is a tall young man of boyish aspect, fair hair and small brown
+moustachios and whiskers. During the whole of the proceedings he sat
+with the Countess's hand clasped in his, occasionally giving it a
+fervent squeeze, and murmuring fondly in her ear."
+
+All being ready, Mr. Clarkson opened the case for the prosecution.
+
+     "The offence imputed to the lady at the bar," he said, "is
+     that, well knowing her husband, Captain Thomas James, was
+     still alive, she contracted another marriage with this young
+     gentleman, Mr. George Trafford Heald. If this be
+     established, serious consequences must follow, as I shall
+     prove that the Ecclesiastical Court merely granted a decree
+     _a mensa et thoro_." He then put in a copy of this document,
+     and pointed out that, by its provisions, neither party was
+     free to re-marry during the lifetime of the other. Counsel
+     also submitted an extract from the register of the Hanover
+     Square church, showing that, on July 19, the defendant had,
+     under the name of "Maria Torres de Landsfeld," gone through
+     a ceremony of marriage with Cornet Heald.
+
+Police-sergeant Gray, who had executed the warrant, described the
+arrest.
+
+"When I told her she must come along with me, the lady up and said:
+'This is all rubbish. I was properly divorced from Captain James by
+Act of Parliament. Lord Brougham was present when the divorce was
+granted. I don't know if Captain James is still alive or not, and I
+don't care a little bit. I was married to him in the wrong name, and
+that made the whole thing illegal.'"
+
+"Did she say anything else?" enquired the magistrate.
+
+"Yes, Your Worship," returned the sergeant, consulting his note-book.
+"She said: 'What on earth will the Royal Family say when they hear of
+this? There's bound to be the devil of a fuss.'"
+
+"Laughter in Court!" chronicled the pressmen.
+
+"And what did you say to that?" enquired Mr. Bingham.
+
+"I said that anything she said would be taken down by myself and used
+in evidence against her," was the glib response.
+
+The execution of the warrant would appear to have been carried out in
+dramatic fashion.
+
+Having evidently got wind of what was awaiting her, Lola and the
+Cornet had packed their luggage and arranged to leave England. Just as
+they were stepping into their carriage, Miss Susannah Heald and her
+solicitor, accompanied by a couple of police officers, drove up in a
+cab to Half Moon Street. When the latter announced that they had a
+warrant for her arrest, there was something of a scene. "The
+Countess," declared an imaginative reporter (who must have been
+hovering on the doorstep), "exhibited all the appearance of excessive
+passion. She used very strong language, pushed the elderly Miss Heald
+aside, and bustled her husband in vigorous fashion. However, she soon
+cooled down, and, on being escorted to Vine Street police station,
+where the charge of bigamy was booked, she graciously apologised for
+any trouble she had given the representatives of the law. She then
+begged permission to light a cigar, and suggested that the constables
+on duty there should join her in a social whiff."
+
+Miss Susannah Heald, described as "an aged lady," deposed that she was
+Cornet Heald's aunt, and that she had been appointed his guardian
+during his minority, which had only just expired. She was bringing the
+action, she insisted, "from a sense of duty."
+
+Another witness was Captain Charles Ingram, a mariner in the service
+of the East India Company. He identified the accused as the Mrs. James
+who had sailed in a ship under his command from Calcutta to London in
+the year 1842.
+
+While an official return, prepared by the military authorities, showed
+Captain James to have been alive on June 13, there was none to show
+that he was still in the land of the living on July 19, the date of
+the alleged bigamous marriage. The prosecution affected to consider
+this point unimportant. The magistrate, however (on whom Lola's bright
+eyes had done their work), did not agree.
+
+"The point," he said, "is, to my mind, very important. During the
+interval that elapsed between these two dates many things may have
+happened which would render this second marriage quite legal. It is
+possible, for instance, that Captain James may have been snatched from
+this world to another one by any of those numerous casualties--such as
+wounds in action or cholera--that are apt to befall members of the
+military profession serving in a tropical climate. What do you say to
+that, Mr. Clarkson?"
+
+Mr. Clarkson had nothing to say. Mr. Bodkin, however, when it came to
+his turn, had a good deal to say. The charge against his client was,
+he declared, "in all his professional experience, absolutely
+unparalleled." Neither the first nor the second husband, he pointed
+out, had advanced any complaint; and the offence, if any, had been
+committed under circumstances that fully justified it. He did not wish
+to hint at improper motives on the part of Miss Heald, but it was
+clear, he protested, that her attitude was governed by private, and
+not by public, ends. None the less, he concluded, "I am willing to
+admit that enough has been put before the Court to justify further
+enquiry."
+
+Such an admission was a slip which even the very rawest of counsel
+should have avoided. It forced the hand of the magistrate.
+
+"I am asked," he said, "to act on a presumption of guilt. As proof of
+guilt is wanting, I am reluctant to act on such presumption, even to
+the extent of granting a remand, unless the prosecution can assure me
+that more evidence will be offered at another hearing. Since, however,
+the defendant's own advocate has voluntarily admitted that there is
+ground for further enquiry, I am compelled to order a remand. But the
+accused will be released from custody on providing two sureties of
+L500 each, and herself in one of L1000."
+
+The adjourned proceedings began a week later, and were heard by
+another magistrate, Mr. Hardwick. This time, however, there was no
+defendant, for, on her name being called by the usher, Mr. Bodkin
+pulled a long face and announced that his client had left England. "I
+cannot," he said, "offer any reason for her absence." Still, he had a
+suggestion. "It is possible," he said, "that she has gone abroad for
+the benefit of her health." The question of estreating the
+recognizances then arose. While not prepared to abandon them
+altogether, counsel for the prosecution was sufficiently generous to
+say that so far as he was concerned no objection would be offered to
+extending them.
+
+When, after two more adjournments, the defendant still failed to
+surrender to her bail, the magistrate and counsel for the prosecution
+altered their tone.
+
+"Your Worship," said Mr. Clarkson, "it has come to my knowledge that
+the person whose real name is Mrs. James, and who is charged with the
+felonious crime of bigamy, is now some hundreds of miles beyond your
+jurisdiction, and does not mean to appear. Accordingly, on behalf of
+the highly respectable Miss Heald, I now ask that the recognizances be
+forfeited. My client has been actuated all through by none but the
+purest motives, her one object being to remove the only son of a
+beloved brother from a marriage that was as illegal as it was
+disgraceful. If we secure evidence from India that Captain James is
+still alive, we shall then adopt the necessary steps to remove this
+deluded lad from the fangs of this scheming woman."
+
+"Let the recognizances be estreated," was the magisterial comment.
+
+"Sensation!" scribbled the reporters.
+
+Serjeant Ballantine, who liked to have a hand in all _causes
+celebres_, declares that he was consulted by Lola's solicitors, with a
+view to undertaking her defence. If so, he would seem to have read his
+instructions very casually, since he adds: "I forget whether the
+prosecution was ultimately dropped, or whether she left England before
+any result was arrived at. My impression is that the charge could not
+have been substantiated."
+
+Ignoring the fact that the case was still _sub judice_, the _Observer_
+offered its readers some severe comments:
+
+     "The Helen of the age is most assuredly Lola Montez, _alias_
+     Betsy James, _alias_ the Graefin von Lansfelt, _alias_ Mrs.
+     Heald. As far as can be gathered from her dark history, her
+     first public act was alleged adultery, as her last is
+     alleged bigamy.... The evidence produced before the
+     Consistory Court is of the most clear and convincing nature,
+     and proves that the character of this lady (whose fame has
+     become so disgustingly notorious) has been from an early
+     date that of a mere wanton, alike unmindful of the sacred
+     ties of matrimony and utterly careless of the opinion of the
+     world upon morality or religion."
+
+[Illustration: _Lola Montez in London. Aged thirty_
+
+(_Engraved by Auguste Huessner_)]
+
+By the way, during the police court proceedings, fresh light on the
+subject of Lola's parentage was furnished by an odd entry in an Irish
+paper:
+
+     "Lola Montez, Countess of Landsfeld, is the daughter of a
+     Cork lady. Her mother was at one time employed as a member
+     of a millinery establishment in this city; and was married
+     here to Lieutenant Gilbert, an officer in the army. Soon
+     after the marriage, he sailed with his wife and child to
+     join his regiment in India. At the end of last year, Lola's
+     mother, who is now in delicate health, visited her sister in
+     Cork."
+
+
+IV
+
+Thanks to the bright eyes of Lola (or perhaps to the musical jingle of
+the Cornet's cash bags), a very loose watch was kept on the pair.
+Hence the reason why the Countess of Landsfeld (as she still insisted
+on being called) had not kept her second appointment at Marlborough
+Street was because, together with the dashing ex-Life Guardsman, she
+had left England early that morning. Travelling as Mr. and Mrs. Heald,
+the pair went, first, to Paris, and then to Italy.
+
+A British tourist who happened to be in Naples wrote to _The Times_,
+giving an account of a glimpse he had of them. According to him, the
+couple, "a youthful bridegroom and a fair lady," accompanied by a
+courier, a _femme de chambre_, and a carriage, took rooms at the Hotel
+Vittoria. After one night there, they left the next morning, hiring a
+special steamer, at a cost of L400, to take them to Marseilles. The
+hurried departure was said to be due to a lawyer's letters that was
+waiting for the bridegroom at his banker's. "I am told," adds the
+correspondent, "that Mr. and Mrs. Heald were bound on an excursion to
+the Pyramids; and that, when the little business for which the lady is
+wanted at home has been settled, they mean to prosecute their
+intention. Pray, sir, help Mrs. Heald out of her present affliction.
+Is this the first time that a lady has had two husbands? And is she
+not bound for the East, where every man has four wives?"
+
+The booby Cornet, with his ideas limited to fox-hunting and a study of
+_Ruff's Guide_, was no mate for a brilliant woman like Lola. Hence
+disagreements soon manifested themselves. A specially serious one
+would seem to have arisen at Barcelona, for, says a letter from a
+mutual acquaintance, "the Countess and her husband had a warm
+discussion, which ended in an attempt by her to stab him. Mr. Heald,
+objecting to such a display of conjugal affection, promptly quitted
+the town."
+
+Further particulars were supplied by another correspondent: "I saw Mr.
+Heald," says this authority. "He is a tall, thin young man, with a
+fair complexion, and often uses rouge to hide his pallor. Many pity
+him for what has happened. Others, however, pity the lovely Lola.
+Before he left this district, Mr. Heald called on the English Consul.
+'I have come,' he said,'to ask your advice. Some of my friends here
+suggest that I should leave my wife. What ought I to do about it? If I
+stop with her, I am afraid of being assassinated or poisoned.' He then
+exhibited a garment covered with blood. The Consul replied: 'I am
+positively astonished that, after the attack of which you speak, you
+did not complain to the police, and that you have since lived with
+your wife on terms of intimacy. If you want to abandon her, you must
+do as you think best. I cannot advise you.'"
+
+H.B.M. Consul, however, did stretch a point, since he (perhaps fearing
+further bloodshed) offered to _viser_ the applicant's passport for any
+other country. Thereupon, Mr. Heald betook himself to Mataro. But,
+becoming conscience-smitten, he promptly sat down and wrote an
+apologetic letter to the lady he left behind him, begging her
+forgiveness. "If you should ever have reason to complain of me again,"
+he said, "this letter will always act as a talisman."
+
+Apparently it had the effect, for Lola returned to her penitent
+spouse.
+
+The Barcelona correspondent of _L'Assemblee Nationale_ managed to
+interview the Cornet.
+
+"He says," announced this authority, "that others persuaded him to
+depart, against his real wishes. On rejoining him, Mrs. Heald was most
+indignant. Her eyes positively flashed fire; and, if she should chance
+to encounter the men who took her husband from her, I quite tremble to
+think what will happen!"
+
+Something obviously did happen, for, according to de Mirecourt,
+"during their sojourn in Sunny Spain, the admirable English husband
+made his wife the gratified mother of two beautiful offspring."
+Parenthood, however, would appear to have had an odd effect upon this
+couple, for, continues de Mirecourt: "_Mais, en depit de ces gages
+d'amour, leur bonheur est trouble par des querelles intestines._"
+
+It was from Spain that, having adjusted their differences temporarily,
+the couple went back to Paris. As a peace offering, a rising young
+artist, Claudius Jacquand, was commissioned to paint both their
+portraits on a single canvas. During, however, another domestic
+rupture, Heald demanded that Lola's features should be painted out. "I
+want nothing," he said, "to remind me of that woman." Unfortunately,
+Lola had just made a similar demand where the Cornet was concerned.
+Jacquand was a man of talent, but he could not do impossibilities.
+Thereupon, Lola, breathing fire and fury, took the canvas away and
+hung it with its back to the front in her bedroom. "To allow my
+husband to watch me always would," she said, "be indelicate!"
+
+There is a theory that, within the next twelve months, the
+ill-assorted union was dissolved by Heald getting upset in a
+rowing-boat and drowned in Lisbon harbour. The theory, however, is a
+little difficult to reconcile with the fact that, on the close of the
+Great Exhibition at the end of 1851, he attended an auction of the
+effects, where he bought a parquet floor and had it laid down in his
+drawing-room at Berrymead Priory. After this he had a number of
+structural alterations added; fitted the windows with some stained
+glass, bearing his crest and initials; and, finally, did not give up
+the lease until 1855. Pretty good work, this, for a man said to have
+met with a watery grave six years earlier.
+
+As a matter of strict fact, Cornet Heald was not drowned, either at
+Lisbon or anywhere else. He died in his bed at Folkestone, in 1856.
+The medical certificate attributed the cause of death to consumption.
+In the _Gentleman's Magazine_, however, the diagnosis was different,
+viz., "broken heart."
+
+All things pass. In 1859 the executors of the dashing Cornet sold the
+Berrymead property for L7000, to be repurchased soon afterwards for
+L23,000 by a land-development company. The house now serves as the
+premises of the Priory Constitutional Club, Acton. A certain amount of
+evidence of Cornet Heald's one-time occupancy still exists. Thus his
+crest and motto, _Nemo sibi Nascitur_, are let into the mosaic
+flooring of the hall, and the drawing-room ceiling is embellished with
+his initials picked out in gold.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIII
+
+ODYSSEY
+
+
+I
+
+Notwithstanding the tie of alleged parenthood, domestic relations
+between them did not improve, and the couple soon parted. The
+knowledge that she was still "wanted" there kept Lola out of England.
+Instead, she went to Paris, where such unpleasantnesses as warrants
+could not touch her. There she was given a warm welcome, by old
+friends and new.
+
+During this visit to Paris an unaccustomed set-back was experienced.
+She received it from Emile de Girardin, of whom she endeavoured to
+make a conquest. But this "wild-eyed, pale-faced man of letters," as
+she called him, would have none of her. Perhaps he remembered what had
+befallen Dujarier.
+
+As was to be expected, the coming among them of Lola Montez attracted
+the attention of the _courrierists_, who earned many welcome francs by
+filling columns with details of her career. What they did not know
+about it they invented. They knew very little. Thus, one such article
+(appropriately signed "Fantasio") read as follows:
+
+     "Madame Lola Montez, who is now happily returned to us, is
+     the legitimate spouse of Sir Thomas James, an officer of the
+     English Army. Milord Sir James loved to drink and the
+     beautiful Lola loved to flirt. A wealthy Prince of Kabul was
+     willing to possess her for her weight in gold and gems. Up
+     till now, her principal love affairs have been with Don
+     Enriquez, a Spaniard, Brule-Tout, a well-developed French
+     mariner, and John, a phlegmatic Englishman. One day Sir
+     James bet that he could drink three bottles of brandy in
+     twenty minutes. While he was thus occupied, the amorous Lola
+     made love to three separate gallants."
+
+     "It will doubtless," added a second, "be gratifying to her
+     pride to queen it again in Paris, where she was once hissed
+     off the stage. There she will at any rate now be received at
+     the Bavarian Embassy, and exhibit the Order of Maria
+     Theresa. She was invested with this to the considerable
+     scandal of the Munich nobility, who cannot swallow the idea
+     of such a distinction being bestowed on a dancer."
+
+This sort of thing and a great deal more in a similar strain, was
+accepted as gospel by its readers. But for those who wished her ill,
+any lie was acceptable. Thus, although there was not a scrap of
+evidence to connect her with the incident, a paragraph, headed "Lola
+Again?" was published in the London papers:
+
+     Yesterday afternoon an extraordinary scene was witnessed by
+     the promenaders in the Champs Elysees. Two fashionably
+     attired ladies, driving in an elegant equipage, were heard
+     to be employing language that was anything but refined. From
+     words to blows, for suddenly they began to assault one
+     another with vigorous smacks. The toilettes and faces of the
+     fair contestants were soon damaged; and, loud cries of
+     distress being uttered, the carriage was stopped, and,
+     attracted by the fracas, some gentlemen hurried to render
+     assistance. As a result of their interference, one of the
+     damsels was expelled from the vehicle, and the other ordered
+     the coachman to drive her to her hotel. This second lady is
+     familiar to the public by reason of her adventures in
+     Bavaria.
+
+Albert Vandam, a singularly objectionable type of journalist, who
+professed to be on intimate terms with everybody in Paris worth
+knowing, has a number of offensive and unjustifiable allusions to Lola
+Montez at this period of her career. He talks of her "consummate
+impudence," of her "pot-house wit," and of her "grammatical errors,"
+and dubs her, among other things, "this almost illiterate schemer."
+
+"Lola Montez," says the egregious Vandam, "could not make friends." He
+was wrong. This was just what she could do. She made many staunch and
+warm-hearted friends. It was because she snubbed him on account of his
+pushfulness that Vandam elected to belittle her.
+
+Lola Montez chose her friends for their disposition, not for their
+virtue. One of them was George Sand, "the possessor of the largest
+mind and the smallest foot in Paris." She also became intimate with
+Alphonsine Plessis, and constantly visited the future "Lady of the
+Camelias" in her _appartement_ on the Boulevard de la Madeleine.
+Another _habitue_ there at this period was Lola's old Dresden flame,
+the Abbe Liszt, who, not confining his attentions to the romanticists,
+had no compunction about poaching on the preserves of Dumas _fils_,
+or, for that matter, of anybody else. As for the fair, but frail,
+Alphonsine, she said quite candidly that she was "perfectly willing to
+become his mistress, if he wanted it, but was not prepared to share
+the position." As Liszt had other ideas on the subject, the suggestion
+came to nothing.
+
+Some years afterwards, one of his pupils, an American young woman, Amy
+Fay, took his measure in a book, _Music-study in Germany_:
+
+"Liszt," she wrote, "is the most interesting and striking-looking man
+imaginable. Tall and slight, with deep-set eyes, shaggy eyebrows and
+long iron-grey hair which he wears parted in the middle. His mouth
+turns up at the corners, which gives him a most crafty and
+Mephistophelean expression when he smiles, and his whole appearance
+and manner have a sort of Jesuitical elegance and ease."
+
+Before she set out on this journey, Lola wrote to an acquaintance:
+"What makes men and women distinguished is their individuality; and it
+is for that I will conquer or die!" Of this quality, she had enough
+and to spare. Her Paris life was hectic; or, as the Boulevardiers put
+it, _elle faisait la bombe_.
+
+Among the tit-bits of gossip served up by a reporter was the
+following:
+
+     "Lola is constantly giving tea-parties in her Paris flat. A
+     gentleman who is frequently bidden to them tells us that her
+     masculine guests are restricted to such as have left their
+     wives, and that the feminine guests consist of ladies who
+     have left their husbands."
+
+An Englishman whom she met at this time was Savile Morton, a friend of
+Thackeray and Tennyson. One night when she was giving a supper-party,
+a fellow-guest, Roger de Beauvoir, happened to read to the company
+some verses he had written. The hostess, on the grounds of their
+alleged "coarseness," complained to Morton that she had been insulted.
+As a result, Morton, being head over ears in love with her, sent de
+Beauvoir a challenge. Lola, however, having had enough of duels, took
+care that nothing should come of it; and insisted that an apology
+should be given and accepted.
+
+At one time she was optimistic enough to take a villa at Beaujon on a
+fifteen years' lease, and had it refurnished in sumptuous fashion on
+credit. The first two instalments of the rent were met. When, however,
+the landlord called to collect the third one, he was put off with the
+excuse that: "Mr. Heald was away and had forgotten to send the money,
+but would be back in a week." This story might have been accepted, had
+not the landlord discovered that his tenant was planning to leave
+surreptitiously and that some of the furniture had already been
+removed. As a result, a body of indignant tradesmen, accompanied by
+the Maire of the district, in tricoloured sash and wand of office
+complete, betook themselves to the villa and demanded a settlement of
+accounts for goods delivered. This time they were told that the money
+had arrived, but that the key of the box in which it had been
+deposited for safety was lost. Assuring them that she would fetch a
+locksmith, Lola slipped out of the house, and, stepping into a
+waiting cab, drove off to a new address near the Etoile. This was the
+last that the creditors saw of her.
+
+In January, 1851, Lola, setting an example that has since then become
+much more common among theatrical ladies, compiled her "memoirs." When
+the editor of _Le Pays_ undertook to publish them in his columns, a
+rival editor, jealous of the "scoop," referred to their author as
+"Madame James, once Madame Heald, formerly Mlle Lola Montez, and for
+nearly a quarter of an hour the Countess of Landsfeld."
+
+The work was dedicated to her old patron, King Ludwig, with a florid
+_avant-propos_:
+
+     Sire: In publishing my memoirs, my purpose is to reveal to a
+     world still engulfed in a vulgar materialism Your Majesty's
+     lofty thoughts about art, poetry, and philosophy. The
+     inspiration of this book, Sire, is due to yourself, and to
+     those other remarkable men whom Fortune--always the
+     protector of my younger years--has given me as councillors
+     and friends.
+
+Lola must have written with more candour than tact. At any rate, after
+the first three chapters had appeared, the editor of _Le Pays_, on the
+grounds that they would "shock his purer readers," refused to continue
+the series. "We positively decline," he announced, "to sully our
+columns further."
+
+
+II
+
+Authorship having thus proved a failure, Lola, swallowing her
+disappointment, directed her thoughts to her old love, the ballet. To
+this end, she placed herself in the hands of a M. Roux; and, a number
+of engagements having been secured by him, she began a provincial tour
+at Bordeaux. By the time it was completed the star and her manager
+were on such bad terms that, when they got back to Paris, the latter
+was dismissed. Thereupon, he hurried off to a notary, and brought an
+action against his employer, claiming heavy damages.
+
+According to Maitre Desmaret, his client, M. Roux, had been engaged in
+the capacity of _pilote intermediare_ during a prospective tour in
+Europe and America. For his services he was to have 25 per cent of the
+box-office receipts. On this understanding he had accompanied his
+principal to a number of towns. He then returned to Paris; and while
+he was negotiating there for the defendant's appearance at the
+Vaudeville, he suddenly discovered that she was planning to go to
+America without him. As a result, he was now claiming damages for
+breach of contract. These he laid at the modest figure of 10,000
+francs.
+
+M. Blot-Lequesne, on behalf of Lola Montez, had a somewhat different
+story to tell. The plaintiff himself, he declared, wanted to get out
+of the contract and had deliberately disregarded its terms. His
+client, he said, had authorised him to accept an engagement for her to
+dance six times a week; but, in his anxiety to make additional profit
+for himself, he had compelled her to dance six times a day. Apart from
+this, he had "signally failed to respect her dignity as a woman, and
+had invented ridiculous stories about her career." He had even done
+worse, for, "without her knowledge or sanction, he had compiled and
+distributed among the audiences where she appeared an utterly
+preposterous biography of his employer." This, among other matters,
+asserted that she had "lived and danced for eleven years in China and
+Persia; and that she had been befriended by the dusky King of Nepaul,
+as well as by numerous rajahs."
+
+The concluding passage from this effort was read to the judge:
+
+"Ten substantial volumes would be filled with the chronicle of the
+eccentricities of Mlle Lola Montez, and much of them would still be
+left unsaid. In the year 1847 a great English lord married her in
+London. Unfortunately, they found themselves not in sympathy, and in
+1850 she returned to the dreams of her spring-time. The Countess has
+now completed one half of her projected tour. In November she leaves
+France for America and--well--God only knows what will happen
+then!"
+
+[Illustration: _A "Belle of the Boulevards." Lola Montez in Paris_]
+
+"As long," said counsel, "as the amiable Mlle Montez was treated by M.
+Roux like a wild animal exhibited at a country fair, she merely
+shrugged her shoulders in disgust. When, however, she saw how this
+abominable pamphlet lifted the curtain from her private life, it was
+another thing altogether. She expressed womanly indignation, and made
+a spirited response."
+
+"What was that?" enquired the judge, with interest.
+
+"She said: 'It is lucky for you, sir, that my husband is not here to
+protect me. If he were, he would certainly pull your nose!'"
+
+As was inevitable, this expression of opinion shattered the _entente_,
+and the manager returned to Paris by himself. Hearing nothing from
+him, Lola Montez thought that she was at liberty to make her own
+plans, and had accordingly arranged the American tour without his
+help.
+
+On November 6, 1851, continued counsel, Lola Montez arrived in Paris,
+telling M. Roux that she would leave for America on November 20, but
+that she would fulfil any engagement he secured during the interval.
+Just before she was ready to start he said he had got her one, but he
+would not tell her where it was or produce any written contract.
+
+Accepting this version as the correct one, the Court pronounced
+judgment in favour of Lola Montez.
+
+
+III
+
+M. Roux having thus been dismissed with a flea in his ear, Lola, on
+the advice of Peter Goodrich, the American consul in Paris, next
+engaged Richard Storrs Willis (a brother of N. P. Willis, the American
+poet) to look after her business affairs, and left Europe for America.
+As the good ship _Humbolt_, by which she was sailing, warped into
+harbour at New York, a salute of twenty-one guns thundered from the
+Battery. Lola, mightily pleased, took this expenditure of ammunition
+as a tribute to herself. When, however, she discovered that it was
+really to herald the coming of Louis Kossuth, who also happened to be
+on board, she registered annoyance and retired to her cabin, to nurse
+her wrath. A Magyar patriot to be more honoured than an English
+ex-favourite of a King! What next?
+
+"A gentleman travelling with her informed our representative," said
+the _New York Herald_, "that Madame had declared Kossuth to be a great
+humbug. The Countess was a prodigious favourite among the masculine
+passengers during the voyage, and continually kept them in roars of
+laughter."
+
+But, if disappointed in one respect, Lola derived a measure of
+compensation from the fact that the bevy of reporters who met the
+vessel found her much more interesting than the stranger from Hungary.
+
+"Madame Lola Montez," remarked one of them, who had gone off with a
+bulging note-book, crammed with enough "copy" to fill a column, "says
+that a number of shocking falsehoods about her have been published in
+our journals. Yet she insists she is not the woman she is credited (or
+discredited) with being. If she were, her admirers, she thinks, would
+be still more plentiful than they are. She expresses herself as
+fearful that she will not have proper consideration in New York; but
+she trusts that the great American public will suspend judgment until
+they have made her acquaintance."
+
+"The Countess of Landsfeld, who is now among us," adds a second
+scribe, "owes more to the brilliancy of intellect with which Heaven
+has gifted her than to her world-wide celebrity as an artiste. Her
+person and bearing are unmistakably aristocratic. If we may credit the
+stories which from time to time have reached us, she can, if
+necessary, use her riding-whip in vigorous fashion about the ears of
+any offending biped or quadruped. In America she is somewhat out of
+her latitude. Paris should be her real home."
+
+For the present, however, Lola decided to stop where she was.
+
+While she was in America on this tour, Barnum wanted to be her
+impresario, and promised "special terms." Despite, however, the lure
+of "having her path garlanded with flowers and her carriage drawn by
+human hands from hotel to theatre," the offer was not accepted.
+
+The New York debut of Lola Montez was made on December 29, 1851, in a
+ballet: _Betly, the Tyrolean_. Public excitement ran high, for
+appetites had been whetted by the sensational accounts of her "past"
+with which the papers were filled.
+
+"Scandal does not necessarily create a great dancer," declared one
+rigid critic; and a second had a long column, headed: "MONTEZ _v._
+RESPECTABILITY," in which he observed (thoughtfully supplying a
+translation): "_Parturiunt_ MONTEZ, _nascitur ridiculus mus_." All the
+same, the box-office reported record business. As a result, prices
+were doubled, and the seats put up to auction.
+
+If she had her enemies in the press, Lola also had her champions
+there. Just before she arrived, one of them, a New York paper, took up
+the cudgels on her behalf in vigorous fashion:
+
+     The most funny proceeding that is going on in this town is
+     the terrible to-do that is being made about Lola Montez. If
+     this state of things continues we will guarantee a
+     continuance of the fun after Lola makes her advent among us,
+     for if she doesn't properly horse-whip those squeamish
+     gentlemen we are much mistaken in her character.
+
+     Now we want to call the attention of our fair-minded readers
+     to a few other matters that are sure to occur. Here are the
+     various papers pouring out a torrent of abuse on Lola. What
+     will it all amount to? In a few weeks she will land. In a
+     few weeks a popular theatre will be occupied by her, and
+     tens of thousands will throng that theatre. The manager will
+     reap a fortune, and so will Lola Montez; and those
+     short-sighted conductors of the Press will be begging for
+     tickets and quarrelling among themselves as to who can say
+     the most extravagant things in her favour. Public curiosity
+     will be gratified at any price; and if Lola Montez is a
+     capital dancer she will soon dance down all opposition. With
+     what grace can the public talk about virtue in a public
+     actress, when they have followed in the wake of an ELSSLER?
+     If the private character of a public actress is to be the
+     criterion by which to judge of her professional merit, then
+     half the theatres would be compelled to shut their doors.
+
+     We are as independently correct as any other paper that
+     exists. We don't care a straw whether we go on with or
+     without the other newspapers. We will do justice and say
+     what is true, regardless of popularity. We detest hypocrisy;
+     and we have no disposition to make a mountain out of a
+     molehill, or to see a mote in the eye of Lola Montez, and
+     not discover a beam in the eye of Fanny Elssler, or of any
+     of the other great dancers or actresses.
+
+     "What is Lola Montez?" enquire the public. A good dancer,
+     says the manager of a theatre. She is also notorious. The
+     public will crowd the theatre to see her and to judge
+     whether she is not also a good actress; and if they get
+     their money's worth, they are satisfied. They do not pay to
+     judge of the former history of Lola Montez.... A few
+     squeamish people cannot prevent Lola Montez from creating a
+     sensation here, or from crowding from pit to dome any house
+     where she may appear; and, as they will be the first to
+     endorse her success, they would be more consistent were they
+     to let her alone until she secures it.
+
+None the less, there was competition to meet. A great deal of
+competition, for counter-attractions were being offered in all
+directions. Thus, "Professor" Anderson was conjuring rabbits out of
+borrowed top hats; Thackeray was lecturing on "The English
+Humourists"; Macready was bellowing and posturing in Shakespeare;
+General Tom Thumb was exhibiting his lack of inches; and Mrs. Bloomer
+was advancing the cause of "Trousers for Women!" Still, Lola more than
+held her own as a "draw."
+
+In January the bill was changed to _Diana and the Nymphs_. The fact
+that some of the "Nymphs" supporting the star adopted a costume a
+little suggestive of modern nudism appears to have upset a feminine
+critic.
+
+"When," was her considered opinion, "a certain piece first presented a
+partly unclothed woman to the gaze of a crowded auditory, she was met
+with a gasp of astonishment at the effrontery which dared so much. Men
+actually grew pale at the boldness of the thing; young girls hung
+their heads; a death-like silence fell over the house. But it passed;
+and, in view of the fact that these women were French ballet-dancers,
+they were tolerated."
+
+To show that she was properly qualified to express her views on such a
+delicate matter, this censor added: "Belonging, root and branch, to a
+theatrical family, I have not on that account been deemed unworthy to
+break bread at an imperial table, nor to grasp the hand of friendship
+extended to me by an English lordly divine."
+
+By the way, on this subject of feminine attire (or the lack of it) a
+rigid standard was also applicable to the audience's side of the
+curtain, and any departure from it met with reprisals. This is made
+clear by a shocked paragraph chronicling one such happening at another
+theatre:
+
+     "During the evening of our visit there transpired an
+     occurrence to which we naturally have some delicacy in
+     alluding. Since, however, it indicates a censorship in a
+     quarter where refinement is perhaps least to be expected, it
+     should not be suffered by us to pass unnoticed. In the
+     stalls, which were occupied by a number of ladies and
+     gentlemen in full evening costume, and of established social
+     position, there was to be observed a woman whose remarkable
+     lowness of corsage attracted much criticism. Indeed, it
+     obviously scandalised the audience, among the feminine
+     portion of which a painful sensation was abundantly
+     perceptible. At last, their indignation found tangible
+     expression; and a voice from the pit was heard to utter in
+     measured accents a stern injunction that could apply to but
+     one individual. Blushing with embarrassment, the offender
+     drew her shawl across her uncovered shoulders. A few minutes
+     later, she rose and left the house, amid well merited hisses
+     from the gallery, and significant silence from the outraged
+     occupants of the stalls and boxes."
+
+Decorum was one thing; _decolletage_ was another. In the considered
+opinion of 1851 the two did not blend.
+
+A certain Dr. Judd, who, in the intervals of his medical practice, was
+managing a Christy Minstrels entertainment at this period, has some
+recollections of Lola Montez. "Many a long chat," he says, "I had with
+her in our little bandbox of a ticket-office. Thackeray's _Vanity
+Fair_ was being read in America just then, and Lola expressed to me
+great anger that the novelist should have put her into it as Becky
+Sharp. 'If he had only told the truth about me,' she said, 'I should
+not have cared, but he derived his inspiration from my enemies in
+England.'"
+
+This item appears to have been unaccountably missed by Thackeray's
+other historians.
+
+
+IV
+
+Lola's tastes were distinctly "Bohemian," and led her, while in New
+York, to be a constant visitor at Pfaff's underground _delicatessen_
+cafe, then a favourite haunt of the literary and artistic worlds of
+the metropolis. There she mingled with such accepted celebrities as
+Walt Whitman, W. Dean Howells, Commodore Vanderbilt, and that other
+flashing figure, Adah Isaacs Menken. She probably found in Pfaff's a
+certain resemblance to the Munich beer-halls with which she had been
+familiar. A bit of the Fatherland, as it were, carried across the
+broad Atlantic. German solids and German liquids; talk and laughter
+and jests among the company of actors and actresses and artists and
+journalists gathered night after night at the tables; everybody in a
+good temper and high spirits.
+
+Walt Whitman, inspired, doubtless, by beer, once described the place
+in characteristic rugged verse:
+
+    The vaults at Pfaff's, where the drinkers and laughers meet
+        to eat and drink and carouse,
+    While on the walk immediately overhead pass the myriad feet
+        of Broadway.
+
+There was a good deal more of it, for, when he had been furnished with
+plenty of liquid refreshment, the Muse of Walt ran to length.
+
+From New York Lola set out on a tour to Philadelphia, St. Louis, and
+Boston. While in this last town, she "paid a visit of ceremony" to one
+of the public schools. Although the children there "expressed surprise
+and delight at the honour accorded them," the _Boston Transcript_
+shook its editorial head; and "referred to the visit in a fashion that
+aroused the just indignation of the lady and her friends."
+
+The cudgels were promptly taken up on her behalf by a New York
+journalist:
+
+"Lola Montez," he declared, "owes less of her strange fascination and
+world-wide celebrity to her powers as an _artiste_ than to the
+extraordinary mind and brilliancy of intellect with which Heaven has
+thought fit to endow her. At one moment ruling a kingdom, through an
+imbecile monarch; and the next, the wife of a dashing young English
+lord.... Her person and bearing are unmistakably aristocratic. In her
+recent visit to one of our public schools she surprised and delighted
+the scholars by addressing them in the Latin language with remarkable
+facility."
+
+It would be of interest to learn the name of the "dashing young
+English lord." This, however, was probably a brevet rank conferred by
+the pressman on Cornet Heald.
+
+On April 27, 1852, Lola Montez appeared at the Albany Museum in
+selections from her repertoire. On this occasion she brought with her
+a "troupe of twelve dancing girls." As an additional lure, the bills
+described these damsels as "all of them unmarried, and most of them
+under sixteen."
+
+But the attraction which proved the biggest success in her repertoire
+was a drama called _Lola in Bavaria_. This was said to be written by
+"a young literary gentleman of New England, the son of a somewhat
+celebrated poetess." The heroine, who was never off the stage for more
+than five minutes, was depicted in turns as a dancer, a politician, a
+countess, a revolutionary, and a fugitive; and among the other
+characters were Ludwig I, Eugene Sue, Dujarier, and Cornet Heald,
+while the setting offered "a correct representation of the Lola Montez
+palace at Munich." It seemed good value. At any rate, the public
+thought it was, and full houses were secured. But the critics
+restrained their raptures. "I sympathise," was the acid comment of one
+of them, "with the actresses who were forced to take part in such
+stuff"; and Joseph Daly described the heroine as "deserting a royal
+admirer to court the sovereign public." The author of this balderdash
+was one C. P. T. Ware, "a poor little hack playwright, who wrote
+anything for anybody."
+
+March of 1853 found Lola Montez fulfilling an engagement at the
+Varietes Theatre, St. Louis. Kate Field, the daughter of the
+proprietor, wrote a letter on the subject to her aunt.
+
+     "Well, Lola Montez appeared at father's theatre last night
+     for the first time. The theatre was crowded from parquet to
+     doors. She had the most beautiful eyes I ever saw. I liked
+     her very much; but she performed a dumb girl, so I cannot
+     say what she would do in speaking characters."
+
+During this engagement Lola apparently proved a little _difficile_,
+for her critic adds: "She is trying to trouble father as much as
+possible."
+
+Lola certainly was apt to "trouble" people with whom she came into
+contact. As an accepted "star," she had a high sense of her own
+importance and considered herself above mere rules. Once, when
+travelling from Niagara to Buffalo by train, she elected to sit in the
+baggage car and puff a cigarette. "While," says a report, "thus
+cosily ensconced, she was discovered by the conductor and promptly
+informed by him that such behaviour was not permitted. Thereupon,
+Madame replied that it was her custom to travel where and how she
+pleased, and that she had frequently horse-whipped much bigger men
+than the conductor. This settled the matter, for the company's officer
+did not care to challenge the tigress."
+
+The visit to Buffalo was crowned with success. "Lola Montez," declared
+the _Troy Budget_, "has done what Mrs. McMahon failed to
+accomplish--she positively charmed the Buffaloes. This can perhaps be
+attributed to her judicious choice of the ex-Reverend Chauncey Burr,
+by whom she is accompanied on her tour in the capacity of
+business-manager."
+
+The choice of an "ex-Reverend" to conduct a theatrical tour seems,
+perhaps, a little odd. Still, as Lola once remarked: "It is a common
+enough thing in America for a bankrupt tradesman or broken-down jockey
+to become a lawyer, a doctor, or even a parson." Hence, from the
+pulpit to the footlights was no great step.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIV
+
+THE "GOLDEN WEST"
+
+
+I
+
+As this was before the days when actresses in search of publicity
+announce that they are _not_ going to Hollywood, Lola had to hit on a
+fresh expedient to keep her name in the news. Ever fertile of
+resource, the one she now adopted was to give out that this would be
+her "positively last appearance, as she was abandoning the stage and
+becoming a nun." The scheme worked, and the box-office coffers were
+filled afresh. But Lola did not take the veil. Instead, she took a
+trip to California, sailing by the Isthmus route in the summer of
+1853.
+
+A ridiculous book, _The Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole_, with an
+introductory puff by a windbag, W. H. Russell, has a reference to this
+project:
+
+     Came one day Lola Montez, in the full zenith of her evil
+     fame, bound for California, with a strange suite. A
+     good-looking, bold woman, with fine, bad eyes and a
+     determined bearing; dressed ostentatiously in perfect male
+     attire, with shirt collar turned down over a lapelled coat,
+     richly worked shirt front, black hat, French unmentionables,
+     and natty polished boots with spurs. She carried in her hand
+     a riding-whip.... An impertinent American,
+     presuming--perhaps not unnaturally--upon her reputation,
+     laid hold jestingly of the tails of her long coat; and, as a
+     lesson, received a cut across his face that must have marked
+     him for some days. I did not wait to see the row that
+     followed, and was glad when the wretched woman rode off on
+     the following morning.
+
+Russell was not a fellow-passenger in the ship by which Lola
+travelled. Somebody else, however, who did happen to be one, gives a
+very different description of her conduct on the journey:
+
+"We had not been at sea one day," says Mrs. Knapp, "before all the
+saloon occupants were charmed by this lovely young woman. Her vivacity
+was infectious, and her _abandon_ was always of a specially airy
+refinement."
+
+The arrival of Lola Montez at San Francisco would have eclipsed that
+of any Hollywood heroine of the present era. A vast crowd, headed by
+the City Fathers, "in full regalia," gathered at the quay. Flags
+decked the public buildings; guns fired a salute; bands played; and
+the schoolchildren were assembled to strew her path with flowers as
+she stepped down the gangway; and, "to the accompaniment of ringing
+cheers," the horses were taken from her carriage, which was dragged by
+eager hands through the streets to her hotel. "The Countess
+acknowledged the reception accorded her with a graceful inclination."
+
+"What if Europe has exiled her?" demanded an editorial. "This is of no
+consequence. After all, she is Lola Montez, acknowledged Mistress of
+Kings! She is beautiful above other women; she is gorgeous; she is
+irresistible; and we are genuinely proud to welcome her."
+
+Enveloped in legend, the reputation of the newcomer for "eccentricity"
+had preceded her. She lived up to this reputation, too, for, when the
+spirit moved her (and it did so quite often), she would dance in the
+beer gardens "for fun"; she had her hair cut short, when other women
+were affecting chignons; and--wonder of wonders--she would "actually
+smoke cigarettes in public." Clearly, a trifle ahead of her period.
+
+By the way, while she was in San Francisco, Lola is said to have
+renewed her acquaintance with the mysterious Jean Francois Montez,
+who, during the interval since they last met, had turned over a fresh
+leaf and was now married. But according to a chronicler: "The family
+felicity very soon succumbed to the lure of the lovely Lola." Without,
+too, any support for the assertion, a contributor of theatrical gossip
+dashed off an imaginative column, in which he declared her, among
+other things, to have been "the petted companion of Louis Napoleon";
+and also "the idolised dancer of the swells and wits of the capitals
+of the Old World, with the near relatives of royalty and the beaux of
+Paris for her intimates."
+
+This was going too far. Lola, much incensed, shook her dog-whip and
+threatened reprisals.
+
+"What's the matter with you?" demanded the journalist, astonished at
+the outburst, "it's good publicity, isn't it?"
+
+"Yes, but not the sort I want," was the response.
+
+Still, whether she wanted it, or not, Lola was soon to have a good
+deal more "publicity." This was because she suddenly appeared with a
+husband on her arm.
+
+Although the bridegroom, Patrick Purdy Hull, was a fellow-editor, the
+_Daily Alta_, of California, considered that the news value of the
+event was not worth more than a couple of lines:
+
+     "On the 2nd inst. Lola Montez and P. P. Hull, Esq., of this
+     city (and late of the _San Francisco Whig_) were married at
+     the Mission Dolores."
+
+Obviously regarding this as a somewhat meagre allowance, a New York
+journal furnished fuller details:
+
+     Among the recent domestic happenings of the times in
+     California, the marriage of the celebrated Lola Montez will
+     attract most attention. This distinguished lady has again
+     united herself in the bonds of wedlock, the happy young man
+     being Patrick Purdy Hull, Esq., formerly of Ohio, and for
+     the past four years employed in the newspaper business in
+     San Francisco.
+
+     Mr. Hull was a fellow-passenger with the fascinating
+     Countess on her trip to California; and the acquaintance
+     then formed fast ripened into an attachment which
+     terminated fatally to his bachelorhood. The nuptials were
+     consummated [_sic_] at the Holy Church of the Mission
+     Dolores in the presence of a highly respectable gathering of
+     prominent citizens.
+
+[Illustration: _The "Spider Dance." Cause of much criticism_]
+
+The "prominent citizens" included "Governor Wainwright, Judge Wills,
+Captain McMichael, Mr. and Mrs. Clayton, and Beverley Saunders, Esq."
+An attempt was made to keep the ceremony secret; and, with this end in
+view, the invited guests were pledged not to divulge it beforehand. On
+the previous evening Captain McMichael, being something of a
+tactician, announced to them: "We do not yet know for certain that the
+affair will ever come off, and we may all be jolly well sold." When
+they assembled at the Mission Church, it looked as if this would
+happen, as neither of the couple appeared. Suddenly, however, they
+drove up in a carriage and entered the church. The "blushing bride,"
+says a reporter who had hidden behind a pillar, "carried a bouquet of
+orange blossoms, and the organ played 'The Voice that breathed o'er
+Eden'"; and another chronicler adds: "On the conclusion of the
+ceremony, all adjourned to partake of a splendid spread, with wine and
+cigars _ad lib._" But this was not all, for: "Governor Wainwright,
+giving a significant wink, kissed the new-made bride, Mrs. Hull. His
+example was promptly followed by Mr. Henry Clayton, 'just to make the
+occasion memorable,' he said. 'Such is the custom of my country,'
+remarked Madame Lola. She was not kissed by anybody else, but she none
+the less had a pleasant word for all."
+
+
+II
+
+It was at Sacramento that Lola and her new husband began their married
+life. The conditions of the town were a little primitive just then;
+and even in the principal hotel the single guests were expected to
+sleep in dormitories. The cost of board and lodging (with bed in a
+bunk) was 150 dollars a week. As for the "board," standing items on
+the daily menu would be boiled leg of grizzly bear, donkey steak, and
+jack-rabbit. "No kickshaws" was the proud boast of every chef.
+
+In addition to his editorial labours (which were not unduly exacting),
+Hull was employed by the Government on census work, preparing
+statistics of the rapidly increasing population. But Lola, much to his
+annoyance, did not add to his figures for the Registrar-General's
+return. The footlights proved a stronger lure than maternity; and,
+almost immediately after her marriage, she accepted an engagement at
+one of the theatres, where she appeared as Lady Teazle. A countess in
+that part of the world being a novelty, the public rallied to the
+box-office in full force and "business" was phenomenal. Still,
+competition there, as elsewhere. Some of it, too, of a description
+that could not be ignored. Thus, Ole Bull was giving concerts at the
+Opera House, and causing hardened diggers to shed tears when he played
+"Home Sweet Home" to them on his violin; Edwin Booth, "supported by a
+powerful company," was mouthing Shakespeare, and tearing passion to
+tatters in the process; and a curious freak, billed as "Zoyara, the
+Hermaphrodite" (with a "certificate of genuineness, as to her
+equestrian skill and her virtues as a lady, from H.M. the King of
+Sardinia") was cramming the circus to capacity every afternoon and
+evening. Yet, notwithstanding His Majesty's "certificate," it is a
+fact that its recipient "married" a woman member of the troupe. "The
+long sustained deception has been dropped," says a paragraphist, "and
+the young man who assumed the name of 'Madame Zoyara' is now to be
+seen in correct masculine attire."
+
+Still, despite all this, Lola kept her public. After all, a countess
+was a countess. But, before long, there was a difference of opinion
+with the manager of the theatre in which she was appearing. Lola, who
+never brooked criticism, had "words" with him. High words, as it
+happened; and, flourishing her whip in his face, she tore up her
+contract and walked out of the building.
+
+"Get somebody else," she said. "I'm through."
+
+The difference of opinion appears to have arisen because Lola elected
+to consider herself "insulted" by a member of the audience while she
+was dancing, and the manager had not taken her part. The next evening,
+accordingly, she made a speech in public, giving him a "bit of her
+mind." The result was, declared the _San Francisco Alta_, "the
+Countess came off the victor, bearing away the _bravas_ and bouquets.
+At the conclusion of her address she was hailed by thunderous cheers,
+amid which she smiled sweetly, dropped a curtsey, and retired
+gracefully."
+
+Much to their surprise, those who imagined that the honours of the
+evening went to Lola read in the next issue of the _Californian_ that
+"the applause was all sham, the paid enthusiasm of a hired house."
+This was more than flesh and blood could stand. At any rate, it was
+more than Lola could stand; and she sent the editor a fierce letter,
+challenging him to a duel. "I must request," was its last passage,
+"that this affair of honour be arranged by your seconds as soon as
+possible, as my time is quite as valuable as your own: MARIE DE
+LANDSFELD-HULL (LOLA MONTEZ)."
+
+The editor of the _Californian_ did not accept the suggestion. Instead, he
+applied the necessary balm, and the pistols-for-two-and-coffee-for-one
+order was countermanded.
+
+
+III
+
+A woman of moods, when Lola made a change, it was a complete one. She
+made one now. The artificiality of the towns, with their false
+standards and atmosphere of pretence, had begun to pall. She wanted to
+try a fresh _milieu_. Everybody was talking just then of Grass Valley,
+a newly opened-up district, set amid a background of the rugged
+Sierras, where gangs of miners were delving for gold in the bowels of
+Mother Earth, and, if half the accounts were true, amassing fortunes.
+Why not go there and see for herself? It would at least be a novel
+experience.
+
+No sooner said than done. Hiring a mule team and wagon, and
+accompanied by Patrick Hull, she started off on a preliminary tour of
+inspection of the district.
+
+Travelling was unhurried in those leisurely days. There were several
+stoppages; and the roads were rough, and long detours had to be made
+to avoid yawning canyons. "At the end of two weeks from the time they
+left Sacramento behind them, Pat Hull and his charming bride wheeled
+across the mountains into Grass Valley."
+
+"There were about 1600 people in the township of Marysville at this
+period," says a chronicler, "and 1400 of them were of the masculine
+sex. The prospect of sudden riches was the attraction that drew them.
+England and the Continent were represented by some of the first
+families. A dozen were graduates of Oxford and Cambridge; there were
+two young relatives of Victor Hugo; there were a number of scions of
+the impoverished nobility of Bohemia; and several hundred Americans.
+Among the latter was William Morris Stewart, a Marysville lawyer, who
+was afterwards to become a senator and attorney-general."
+
+Grass Valley at this period (the autumn of 1853) was little more than
+a wilderness. The nearest town of any size was Nevada City, fringed by
+the shadows of the lofty Sierras. Between the gulches had sprung up as
+if by magic a forest of tented camps and tin-roofed shanties, with
+gambling-booths and liquor saloons by the hundred, in which bearded
+men dug hard by day, and played faro and monte and drank deep by
+night. Fortunes were made--and spent--and nuggets were common
+currency. The cost of living was very high. But it cost still more to
+be ill, since a grain of gold was the accepted tariff for a grain of
+quinine.
+
+The whole district was a melting-pot. Attracted by the prospect of the
+precious metal that was to be wrung from it, there had drifted into
+the Valley a flotsam and jetsam, representatives of all nations and of
+all callings. As was natural, Americans in the majority; but, with
+them, Englishmen and Frenchmen and Germans and Italians, plus an
+admixture of Chinamen and Kanakas; also an undesirable element of
+deserters from ships and convicts escaped from Australia. To keep them
+in some sort of order, rough justice was the rule. Mayors and sheriffs
+had arbitrary powers, and did not hesitate to employ them. Judge Lynch
+was supreme; and a length of hemp dangling from a branch was part of
+the equipment of every camp.
+
+With a full knowledge of all these possible drawbacks, Lola Montez
+looked upon Grass Valley and saw that it was good. Perhaps the Bret
+Harte atmosphere appealed to her. At any rate, she decided to settle
+down there temporarily; and, with this end in view, she persuaded Hull
+to buy a six-roomed cottage just above Marysville.
+
+When Lola Montez--for all that she had a wedding-ring on her finger,
+she still stuck to the name--arrived there with her new husband, the
+conditions of life in Grass Valley were a little primitive. A
+telegraph service did not exist; and letters were collected and
+delivered irregularly. Transport with the outer world was by stage
+coach and mule and pony express. Whisky had to come round by Cape
+Horn; sugar from China; and meat and vegetables from Australia. The
+fact was, the early settlers were much too busily employed extracting
+nuggets and gold dust to concern themselves with the production of any
+other commodity.
+
+Mrs. Dora Knapp, a neighbour of Lola Montez in Grass Valley at this
+period, has contributed some reminiscences of her life there:
+
+     "We, who knew of her gay career among the royalty and
+     nabobs, were astonished that she should have gone to the
+     camp. She frequently had letters from titled gentlemen in
+     Europe, begging her to come back and live on their rich
+     bounty. It was simply because she was weary of splendour and
+     fast living that the Countess turned with such fondness to
+     life in a mining camp."
+
+To Patrick Hull, however, the attractions of the district were not so
+obvious. Ink was in his blood. He wanted to get back to his editorial
+desk, preferring the throbbing of printing presses to the rattle of
+spades and picks and the clanking of drills. Nor did "love in a
+cottage" appeal to him. When Lola refused to give up Grass Valley, he
+developed a fit of sulks and turned to the whisky bottle for
+consolation.
+
+Under the circumstances, matrimonial bliss was impossible. Such a life
+was a cat and dog one. Its end arrived very soon.
+
+"Lola Montez and her new husband," says the knowledgeable Mrs. Knapp,
+"had not lived together more than a few months before trouble began.
+When two such spirits came together, there was bound to be a clash.
+The upshot was that one day Lola pushed Patrick down the stairs,
+heaved his grip out of the window and ordered him to quit."
+
+Mr. Hull, who could take a hint as well as any man, did "quit." He did
+more. He took to his bed and expired. "In his native state," says a
+tearful obituary, "he was respected and loved by a large circle. The
+family of Manuel Guillen (in whose house he lay), inspired by a
+sentiment of genuine benevolence, bestowed upon him all the tender
+watchfulness due to a beloved son and brother; and nothing was omitted
+that promised cure or promoted comfort."
+
+But this was not until some time after he had received his abrupt
+_conge_ from Lola Montez.
+
+Once more, Lola had drawn a blank in the matrimonial market.
+
+
+IV
+
+With Adrienne Lecouvreur, Lola Montez must often have asked herself,
+_Que faire au monde sans aimer?_ "Living without loving" had no appeal
+for her. Hence, she was soon credited (or discredited) with a fresh
+_liaison_. This time her choice fell on a German baron, named Kirke,
+who also happened to be a doctor. There was a special bond between
+them, for he had come from Munich, and could thus awaken memories and
+tell her of Ludwig, of Fritz Peissner and the other good comrades of
+the _Alemannia_, and of the house in the Barerstrasse where she had
+once queened it.
+
+"This fourth adventure in matrimony was," says a chronicler,
+"copiously consummated." An odd choice of words. But, successful or
+not, it was short-lived. One fine day the baron took his gun with him
+into the forest. He did not return. "Killed in a shooting accident" (a
+fairly common occurrence in the Wild West at that period) was the
+coroner's verdict. As a result, Lola was once more without a masculine
+protector.
+
+The position was not devoid of an element of danger, for the district
+swarmed with lawless gangs, to whom a woman living by herself was
+looked upon as fair prey. But Lola was not disturbed. She had plenty
+of courage. She knew, too, that the miners had formed themselves into
+a "guard of honour," and that it would have gone ill with anybody
+attempting to molest her. If the diggers were rough, they were
+chivalrous.
+
+In response to a general invitation from the camp, Lola more than once
+gave an exhibition of her quality as a _danseuse_. Although the charge
+for admission was a hundred dollars, the hall where she appeared was
+always crammed to the doors. She expanded out, too, in other
+directions; and a picturesque account of her life at this period says
+that she slept under the stars ("canopy of heaven" was the writer's
+more poetical way of putting it) and wore woollen underclothing
+knitted by herself. Another detail declares that she held a "weekly
+soiree in her cottage, attended by the upper circles of the camp, a
+court of litterateurs and actors and wanderers"; and that among the
+regular guests were "two nephews of Victor Hugo, a quartet of
+cashiered German barons, and a couple of shady French counts."
+Obviously, a somewhat mixed gathering. For all this, however, the
+receptions were "merely convivial assemblies, with champagne and other
+wine, served with cake and fruit _ad lib_, and everyone smoked. The
+two Hugo neighbours were always there, as well as a son of Preston
+Brooks, the South Carolina congressman. A dozen of us looked forward
+to attending these _salons_, which we called 'experience-meetings.'
+Senator William M. Stewart, then a young lawyer in Nevada, said he
+used to count the days between each. Every song, every story, every
+scrap of humour or pathos that any of the young men came across would
+be preserved for the next gathering. Occasionally, our charming
+hostess would have a little fancy-dress affair at the cottage, and,
+clad in the fluffy and abbreviated garments she had once worn on the
+stage, show us that she still remembered her dancing-steps."
+
+When not engaged in these innocent relaxations, Lola would give
+herself up to other pursuits. Thus, she hunted and fished and shot,
+and often made long trips on horseback through the forests and sage
+bush. Having a fondness for all sorts of animals, on one such
+expedition she captured a bear cub, with which she returned to her
+cabin and set herself to tame. While thus employed, she was visited by
+a wandering violinist, who, falling a victim to her charms, begged a
+lock of her hair as a souvenir of the occasion. Thereupon, Lola,
+always anxious to oblige, struck a bargain with him. "I have," she
+said, "a pet grizzly in my orchard. If you will wrestle with him for
+three minutes, you shall have enough of my hair to make a bow for your
+fiddle. Let me see what you can do." The challenge was accepted; and
+the amorous violinist, merely stipulating that the animal should be
+muzzled, set to work and secured the coveted guerdon.
+
+Something of a risk, perhaps. Still, it would have been a more serious
+one if Lola had kept a rattlesnake.
+
+Appearances are deceptive, and Bruin was less domesticated than Lola
+imagined. One day, pining perhaps for fresh diet, he grappled with his
+mistress and bit her hand. The incident attracted a laureate on the
+staff of the _California Chronicle_, who, in Silas Wegg fashion,
+"dropped into verse:"
+
+     LOLA AND HER PET
+
+    One day when the season was drizzly,
+      And outside amusements were wet,
+    Fair Lola paid court to her Grizzly
+      And undertook petting her pet.
+
+    But, ah, it was not the Bavarian
+      Who softened so under her hand,
+    No ermined King octogenarian,
+      But Bruin, coarse cub of the land.
+
+    So, all her caresses combatting
+      He crushed her white slender hand first,
+    Refusing his love to her patting,
+      As she had refused hers to _Pat_!
+
+    Oh, had her pet been him whose glory
+      And title were won on the field,
+    Less bloodless had ended this story,
+      More easy her hand had been _Heald_!
+
+This doggerel was signed "F.S.", initials which masked the identity of
+Frank Soule, the editor of the _Chronicle_.
+
+
+V
+
+Never without her dog-whip, Lola took it with her to her cottage in
+Grass Valley. There she soon found a use for it. A journalist, in a
+column account of her career, was ungallant enough to finish by
+enquiring "if she were the devil incarnate?" As the simplest method of
+settling the problem, "Lola summoned the impertinent scribbler and
+gave him such a hiding that he had no doubts left at all."
+
+Shortly afterwards, there was trouble with another representative of
+the press. This was with one Henley Shipley, the editor of the
+_Marysville Herald_, who, notwithstanding that they were "regularly
+attended by the _elite_ of the camp," had described her "Wednesday
+soirees" as "disgraceful orgies, inimical to our fair repute."
+Thereupon, says a sympathiser, the aspersed hostess "took her whip to
+him, and handed out a number of stinging and well merited cuts."
+
+The opportunity being too good to miss, the editor of the _Sacramento
+Union_ set to work and rushed out a special edition, with a long
+description of the incident:
+
+     This forenoon our town was plunged into a state of ludicrous
+     excitement by the spectacle of Madame Lola Montez rushing
+     through Mill Street, with a lady's delicate riding whip in
+     one hand and a copy of the _Marysville Herald_ in the other,
+     vowing vengeance on "that scoundrel of an editor," etc. She
+     met him at the Golden Gate Saloon, a crowd, on the _qui
+     vive_, following in her footsteps. Having struck at him with
+     her whip, she then applied woman's best weapon--her tongue.
+     Meanwhile, her antagonist kept most insultingly cool. All
+     her endeavours being powerless, the "Divine Lola" appealed
+     to the miners, but the only response was a burst of
+     laughter. Mr. Shipley, the editor, then retired in triumph,
+     having, by his calmness, completely worn down his fair
+     enemy.
+
+     The immediate cause of the fracas was the appearance of
+     sundry articles, copied from the _New York Times_, referring
+     to the "Lola Montez-like insolence, bare-faced hypocrisy,
+     and effrontery of Queen Christina of Spain." The entire
+     scene was decidedly rich.
+
+One can well imagine it.
+
+Never prepared to accept hostile criticism without a protest, Lola
+sent her own version of the occurrence to a rival organ:
+
+     "This morning, November 21," she wrote, "the newspaper was
+     handed me as usual. I scanned it over with little interest,
+     saw a couple of abusive articles, not mentioning me by name,
+     but, as I was afterwards told, had been prepared by the
+     clever pen of this great statesman of the future, and
+     present able writer, as a climax and extinguisher to all the
+     past and future glories of Lola Montez. I wonder if he
+     thought I should come down with a cool thousand or two, to
+     stock up his fortune and cry 'Grace, Grace!'
+
+     "This is the only attempt at blackmail I have been subjected
+     to in California, and I hope it will be the last. On I read
+     the paper till I saw my name in good round English, and the
+     allusions to my 'bare-faced hypocrisy and insolence.'
+     Europe, hear this! Has not the 'hypocrisy' been on the
+     other side? What were you thinking of, Alexandra Dumas,
+     Beringer, Mery, and all my friends when you told me my fault
+     lay in my too great kindness? Shipley has judged me at last
+     to be a hypocrite. To avenge you, I, bonnet on head and whip
+     in hand--that whip which was never used but on a horse--this
+     time to be disgraced by falling on the back of an ASS....
+     The spirit of my Irish ancestors (I being three-quarter
+     Irish and Spanish and Scotch) took possession of my hand;
+     and, on the most approved Tom Sayers principles, I took his,
+     on which--thanks to some rings I had--I made a cutting
+     impression. This would-be great smiter ended the combat with
+     a certain amount of abuse, of which--to do him justice--he
+     is a perfect master. _Sic transit gloria_ SHIPLEY! Alas,
+     poor Yorick!"
+
+[Illustration: _Lola Montez, in "Lola in Bavaria." A "Play with a
+Purpose"_]
+
+The atmosphere of Grass Valley could scarcely be described as
+tranquil. Its surface was always being ruffled; and it was not long
+before Lola was again embroiled in a collision with one of her
+neighbours. This time she had a passage at arms with a Methodist
+minister in the camp, the Rev. Mr. Wilson, who, with a sad lack of
+Christian charity, informed his flock that this new member among them
+was "a feminine devil devoid of shame, and that the 'Spider Dance' in
+her repertoire was an outrage." There were limits to clerical
+criticism. This was clearly one of them. As she could not take her
+whip to a clergyman, she took herself. "Resolved to teach the Rev.
+Wilson a lesson, she called on him in her dancing dress, while he was
+conducting a confirmation class."
+
+"Without," says a member of the gathering, "any preliminaries beyond
+saying 'Good afternoon,' she proceeded to execute the dance before the
+astonished gaze of the company. Then turning to the minister, she
+said, 'The next time you think fit to make me and this dance a subject
+for a pulpit discourse, perhaps you will know better what you are
+talking about.' She then took her departure, before the reverend
+gentleman could sufficiently collect his senses to say or do
+anything."
+
+But, notwithstanding these breaks in its monotony, Lola felt that she
+was not really adapted to the routine of Grass Valley. Once more, the
+theatre called her. Answering the call, she went back to it. But on
+the return journey she did not take Patrick Hull. She also shed the
+name he had given her, and resumed that of Countess of Landsfeld.
+
+"It looks better on the bills," she said, when she discussed plans for
+a prospective tour.
+
+The _Grass Valley Telegraph_ gave her a good "send off" in a fulsome
+column; and the miners presented her with a "farewell gift" in the
+form of a nugget. "Rough, like ourselves," said their spokesman, "but
+the genuine article."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XV
+
+"DOWN UNDER"
+
+
+I
+
+This time Lola was going further afield. A long way further. Two
+continents had already been exploited. Now she would discover what a
+fresh one held.
+
+Her plan was to leave the Stars and Stripes for the Southern Cross. As
+an initial step, "she sold her jewels for 20,000 dollars to the madam
+of a fashionable brothel." Having thus secured adequate funds, she
+assembled a number of out-of-work actors and actresses and engaged
+them to accompany her on a twelve months' tour in Australia. Except
+for Josephine Fiddes (who was afterwards to understudy Adah Isaacs
+Menken, of _Mazeppa_ renown) and, perhaps, her leading man, Charles
+Follard, they were of a distinctly inferior calibre.
+
+The departure from California was duly notified in a paragraph sent
+round the press:
+
+"We beg to inform our readers and the public generally that on June 6
+the celebrated Lola Montez left San Francisco, at the head of a
+theatrical troupe of exceptional talent, bound for distant Australia.
+The public in the Antipodes may confidently look forward to a rare
+treat."
+
+The voyage across the Pacific being in a sailing vessel, was a longish
+one and occupied nearly ten weeks from start to finish. However,
+anchor was dropped at last; and on August 23, 1855, a "colossal
+attraction" was announced in "Lola Montez in Bavaria" at the Victoria
+Theatre, Sydney. There, thanks to the interest aroused by her exploits
+in other parts of the world, the newcomer was assured of a good
+reception.
+
+But theatrical stars were always accorded a special measure of
+deference by the colonists. Thus, Miss Catherine Hayes, who was
+playing at an opposition house, was invited to luncheon by the Bishop
+of Sydney and to dinner by the Attorney-General; and a Scottish
+conjurer, "Professor" Anderson, was given an "address of welcome" by
+the Town Council.
+
+While these particular honours were not enjoyed by Lola (who, for some
+reason best known to herself, had elected to be entered in the
+passenger-list as "Madam Landsfeld Heald"), she was none the less
+accorded considerable publicity. "The eccentric and much advertised
+Lola Montez," said the _Herald_ on the morning after her New South
+Wales debut, "pounces upon us direct from California, and the
+excitement of her visit is emptying the opposition theatre. Last night
+the Countess looked positively charming and acted very archly.... On
+the fall of the curtain, she presented Mr. Lambert (who played the
+King of Bavaria) with an elegant box of cigarettes."
+
+Naturally enough, the star was interviewed by the journalists. "At the
+Victoria Theatre," says one of them, "I was privileged to have a talk
+with Madame Lola after the performance had concluded. I found
+her--much to my surprise--to be a very simple-mannered, well-behaved,
+cigar-loving young lady."
+
+An odd picture of Sydney audiences is given by the author of _Southern
+Lights and Shadows_. "The young ladies of Australia," he says, "are in
+many respects remarkable. At thirteen they have more ribbons, jewels,
+and lovers than any other young ladies of the same age. They prattle
+insipidly from morning to night. The first time I visited a theatre I
+sat next one of them who had at least half a dozen rings worn over her
+gloves.... The affectation of _ton_ among them is astonishing. They
+are special patrons of the drama, and, on the appearance of a star,
+they flock to the dress circle in hundreds. The pit is generally well
+filled with a display of shirt-sleeves, pewter pots, and babies. The
+upper boxes are usually given up to that division of the community
+partial to pink bonnets and cheeks to match; and flirtations are
+carried on in the most flagrant and unblushing manner."
+
+The author of this sketch also has something to say about Sydney as a
+town:
+
+"One part of George Street is as much like Bond Street in London as it
+is possible for one place to resemble another. Like Bond Street, too,
+it is hourly paraded by the Bucks and Brummels of the Colony. The Cafe
+Francois is much frequented by the young swells and sprigs of the
+city. Files of _Punch_, _The Times_, sherry coblers, an entertaining
+hostess, and a big-bloused lubberly host are the special points left
+in my recollection. They serve 800 meals a day at this establishment,
+the rent of which is L2,400 a year."
+
+
+II
+
+During this Sydney engagement, Lola, ever interested in the cause of
+charity, organised a "Grand Sebastopol Matinee Performance," the
+proceeds being "for the benefit of our wounded heroes in the Crimea."
+As the cause had a popular appeal, the house was a bumper one.
+Possibly, it was the success of this _matinee_ that led to an
+imaginative chronicler adding: "Our distinguished visitor, Madame Lola
+Montez, Countess of Landsfeld, is, with her full company of Thespians,
+on the point of leaving us for Balaclava. There, at the special
+request of Lord Raglan and Miss Florence Nightingale, she will
+inaugurate a theatre for the enjoyment of our gallant warriors and
+their Allies."
+
+Another odd tit-bit was sent to England by the theatrical
+correspondent of a London paper. This declared that a masculine member
+of her company "jumped into the harbour, mortified at discovering that
+Madame Lola had turned a more friendly face on a younger brother of
+the Duke of Wellington who had followed her to Sydney from Calcutta."
+The artistic temperament.
+
+At intervals, however, other and better established items of news were
+received from Australia and, as opportunity offered, found a niche in
+the London papers. From these it would appear that all was not going
+smoothly with Lola's plans, and that the start of the Antipodean
+venture was somewhat tempestuous.
+
+"In Sydney," says a letter on the subject, "a regrettable fracas
+recently occurred at the theatre where Madame Montez has been playing.
+Stepping in front she endeavoured to quell the uproar by announcing
+that, while she herself 'rather liked a good row,' she would appeal to
+the gallantry of the _gentlemen_ in the pit and gallery to respect the
+wishes of a lady and not interfere with the enjoyment of others by
+interrupting the performance. The request, however, fell on deaf ears.
+The uproar continued for some time, and was much increased by the
+actors and actresses squabbling among themselves on the stage."
+
+There was a good deal of "squabbling" among the company. Its members
+were not a happy family. They had been engaged by their principal to
+support her. Instead, however, of rendering such support, a number of
+them did all they could to wreck the tour. Thereupon, Lola, adopting
+strong measures, discharged the malcontents and left for Melbourne by
+the next steamer. That she was justified in her action is clear from a
+letter which her solicitors sent to the Press:
+
+     "Our client, Madam Lola Montez, was unwise enough to engage,
+     at enormous cost to herself, a very inferior company in
+     California. Before starting, she made large advances to
+     every one of them; paid their passages from America (where
+     they were nearly all heavily in debt) to Australia; and
+     trusted that, in return for her immense outlay, she would at
+     least receive efficient assistance from them. But this band
+     of obscure performers not only loaded her with insults while
+     they continued to live on her, but on their arrival in
+     Sydney they one and all refused to discharge their allotted
+     tasks."
+
+     "When Madam Montez (not unnaturally irritated by such
+     conduct) proposed, through us, to cancel their agreements on
+     reasonable terms, they insisted on the fulfilment of the
+     contract which they themselves had been the first to break,
+     and made claims upon her amounting to about L12,000. This
+     _moderate_ demand being very properly refused by our client,
+     they secured an order for her arrest in respect of a number
+     of separate actions. Only one of these (a claim for L100)
+     was lodged in time for a warrant to be issued. When,
+     furnished with this, Mr. Brown, the sheriff's officer,
+     appeared on board the steamer, Madam tendered him L500,
+     which, however, he refused to accept, insisting that she
+     should also settle the various other claims for which he did
+     not have warrants. Our client refused to leave the vessel,
+     for which refusal, we, as her solicitors, are quite willing
+     to accept responsibility."
+
+The fact that there was talk of instituting proceedings against the
+captain of the steamer and his subordinates led the solicitors to add
+a postscript:
+
+     "Those who governed the movements of the _Watarah_ are ready
+     to answer for their conduct. They saw a lady threatened with
+     arrest at the last moment for a most unjust claim, tendering
+     five times the amount demanded, and having that offer
+     refused. Hence, they did not feel called upon to interfere."
+
+Another account of the episode is a little different. This declares
+that, just before starting from Sydney, she "dismissed with a
+blessing" two members of the company. As they wanted something more
+easily negotiable, they issued a writ of attachment. When the
+sheriff's officer attempted to serve it: "Madame Lola, ever ready for
+the fray, retired to her cabin and sent word that she was quite naked,
+but that the sheriff could come and take her if he wanted to." An
+embarrassing predicament; and, unprepared to grapple with it, "Poor
+Mr. Brown blushed and retired amid roars of laughter."
+
+Having thus got the better of the Sydney lawyers, and filled up the
+vacancies in her company with fresh and more amenable recruits, Lola
+reached the Victorian capital without further adventure. A picture of
+the city, as it was when she landed there, is given by a contemporary
+author:
+
+     "Melbourne is splendid. Fine wide streets, finer and wider
+     than almost any in London, stretch away for miles in every
+     direction. At any hour of the day thousands of persons may
+     be observed scurrying along them with true Cheapside
+     bustle." The Melbourne youth, however, appears to have been
+     precocious. "I was delighted," remarks this authority, "with
+     the Colonial young stock. The average Australian boy is a
+     slim, olive-complexioned young rascal, fond of Cavendish,
+     cricket, and chuck-penny, and systematically insolent to
+     girls, policemen, and new chums.... At twelve years of age,
+     having passed through every phase of probationary
+     shrewdness, he is qualified to act as a full-blown bus
+     conductor. In the purlieus of the theatres are supper-rooms
+     (lavish of gas and free-mannered waitresses), and bum-boat
+     shops where they sell play-bills, whelks, oranges, cheroots,
+     and fried fish."
+
+But, notwithstanding the existence of these amenities, all was not
+well where Lola was concerned. The Sydney correspondent of the _Argus_
+had injured her chances of making a favourable impression by writing a
+somewhat imaginative account of her troubles there:
+
+     "I need not tell you that the Montez has gone to Melbourne,
+     as she will have arrived before this letter, and is not the
+     sort of woman to keep her arrival secret. It may not,
+     however, be so generally known that she has made what is
+     colonially termed a 'bolt' from here.... Thinking, perhaps,
+     that Australia was not yet a part of the civilised world,
+     and that a company of players could not be secured here,
+     Madame brought a set of comedians from San Francisco. They
+     were quite useless. More competent help could have been had
+     on the spot."
+
+Lola said nothing. Her leading man however, Mr. Follard, had something
+to say, and wrote a strong letter to the editor:
+
+     "Permit me to state, with all due deference to your
+     correspondent's term 'bolt,' that Madame Lola Montez left
+     quietly and unostentatiously.... The attempt to stop her
+     leaving Sydney and prevent her engagement in Melbourne was
+     an exhibition of meanness at which every honest heart must
+     feel disgusted. Alone, in a strange land, without friends or
+     protector, her position as a woman should in itself have
+     saved her from the unmanly abuse heaped upon her and the
+     contemptible attitude manifested by some of her company."
+
+A second adverse factor against which Lola had to contend in Melbourne
+was that prices had been doubled for her engagement there. This was
+considered a grievance by the public. The difficulty, however,
+adjusted itself, for the programme she offered was one that proved
+specially attractive.
+
+"The highest degree of excitement was," ran the _Herald_ criticism,
+"produced upon visitors to the Theatre Royal by the actual presence of
+this extraordinary and gifted being, with the praises of whose beauty
+and _esprit_ the whole civilised world has resounded.... After
+curtseying with inimitable grace to the audience, the fair _artiste_
+withdrew amidst a fresh volley of cheers."
+
+But Lola, who never missed an opportunity of airing her opinions,
+aired them now:
+
+"At the end of the performance," says a report, "Madame Lola Montez
+was vociferously called and addressed the audience in an animated
+speech, commenting upon some remarks that had been published in a
+certain journal. When a gentleman ventured to laugh while she was
+enumerating the political benefits she had conferred on Bavaria, the
+fair orator promptly informed him that such conduct was not usually
+considered to be courteous."
+
+The Melbourne engagement finished up with a triple bill. The
+principal item was a novelty she had, the "Spider Dance," which Lola
+had brought from America. In this she appeared with hundreds of wire
+spiders sewn on her attenuated ballet skirts; and, when any of them
+fell off, she had to indulge in pronounced wriggles and contortions to
+put them back in position. The accompanying movements of her body were
+held to be by some standards "daring and suggestive." In fact, so much
+so that the representative of the _Argus_ dubbed the number "the most
+libertinish and indelicate performance that could possibly be given on
+the public stage. We feel compelled," he continued solemnly, "to
+denounce in terms of unmeasured reprobation the performance in which
+Madame Montez here figures." Yet, Sir Charles Hotham, the Governor,
+together with Lady Hotham and their guests, had witnessed it without
+sustaining any serious damage. But perhaps they were made of tougher
+material.
+
+The critic of the _Morning Herald_ at this period (understood to be R.
+H. Horne, "the Jules Janin of Melbourne") was either less thin-skinned
+or else more broad-minded than his _Argus_ comrade. At any rate, he
+saw nothing much to call for these strictures. Thinking that the
+newcomer had not been given fair play, he endeavoured to counteract
+the adverse opinion that had been expressed by publishing a laudatory
+one of a column length, in which he declared: "Madame Montez went
+through the entire measure with marked elegance and precision, and the
+curtain fell amid salvoes of well merited applause."
+
+Convinced that here was a critic who really knew his business, and a
+friend on whom she could rely to do her justice, Lola wrote to the
+editor:
+
+     GRAND IMPERIAL HOTEL,
+
+     _September, 1855._
+
+     SIR,
+
+     A criticism of my performance of the "Spider Dance" at the
+     Theatre Royal was published in this morning's _Argus_,
+     couched in such language that I must positively answer it.
+
+     The piety and ultra-puritanism of the _Argus_ might prevent
+     the insertion of a letter bearing my signature. Therefore, I
+     address myself to you.
+
+     The "Spider Dance" is a national one, and is witnessed with
+     delight by all classes in Spain, and by both sexes from
+     Queen to peasant.
+
+     I have always looked upon this dance as a work of high art;
+     and I reject with positive scorn the insinuation of your
+     contemporary that I wish to pander to a morbid taste for
+     what is improper or indelicate.
+
+     I shall be at my post to-morrow evening; and will then adopt
+     a course that will test the value of the opinion advanced by
+     the _Argus_.
+
+[Illustration: _Lola as a Lecturer. From stage to platform_
+
+AUTOBIOGRAPHY
+
+AND
+
+LECTURES
+
+OF
+
+LOLA MONTEZ
+
+COUNTESS OF LANDSFELD]
+
+The promised "course" was merely to deliver a long speech from the
+stage, and ask the audience to decide whether she should give the
+vexed item, or not. The audience were emphatic that she should; and,
+when she had finished, "expressed their views on the subject by
+uttering loud groans for the _Argus_ and lusty cheers for the
+_Herald_."
+
+Honours to Lola!
+
+But the "Spider Dance" was still to prove a source of trouble. The
+next morning a certain Dr. Milton, who had constituted himself a
+champion of morals, appeared at the police-court and applied for a
+warrant for the arrest of Lola Montez, on the grounds that she had
+"outraged decency."
+
+"I am in a position," he declared, "to produce unquestionable evidence
+of the indelicacy of her performance."
+
+"You must take out a summons in the proper fashion," said the
+magistrate, who clearly had no sympathy with busybodies.
+
+But, before he could do so, Dr. Milton found himself served with a
+writ for libel. As a result, nothing more was heard of the matter.
+
+In addition to its Mawworms, of which it was afflicted with an
+appreciable number of specimens, the city of Melbourne would appear
+to have had other drawbacks at this period. According to R. H. Horne,
+local society was somewhat curiously constituted. "There is an
+attempt," he says, "at the nucleus of a 'court circle'; and if the
+Home Government think fit to make a few more Australian knights and
+baronets there may be good hopes for the enlargement of the enchanted
+hoop. The Melbourne 'Almack's' is to be complimented on the moral
+courage with which its directors have resisted the claims for
+admission of some of the wealthy unwashed and other unsuitables. Money
+is not quite everything, even in Melbourne."
+
+There were further strictures on the morals of Victoria, as compared
+with those of New South Wales:
+
+     "The haunts of villainy in Sydney are not surpassed by those
+     in Melbourne; but, with regard to drunkenness and
+     prostitution, the latter place is far worse than Sydney. The
+     Theatre Royal contains within itself four separate
+     drinking-bars. The Cafe de Paris, in the same building, has
+     two bars. In the theatre itself there is a drinking public
+     every night, especially when the house is crowded. Between
+     every act it is the custom of the audience to rush out for a
+     nobbler of brandy. The only exceptions are the occupants of
+     the dress-circle, more especially when the Governor is
+     present."
+
+By the way, the "List of Beverages" shows that, in proof of her
+popularity, a "Lola Montez Appetiser," consisting of "Old Tom, ginger,
+lemon and hot water," was offered to patrons.
+
+Alcohol was not alone among the objects at which "Orion" Horne tilted.
+He also disapproved of cricket. "The mania," he says, "for bats and
+balls in the boiling sun during last summer exceeded all rational
+excitement. The newspapers caught the epidemic, and, while scarcely
+noticing other far more useful games, they devoted columns upon
+columns to minute accounts of the matches of a hundred different
+clubs. The very walls of Melbourne became infected. On the return of
+the Victorians from Sydney, a reporter for the _Herald_ designated
+them 'the laurelled warriors.' If there is no great harm in this, the
+thing has been carried too far."
+
+It is just as well, perhaps, for Horne's peace of mind that the
+present day value attached to "Ashes" had not arisen, and that an
+Australian XI did not visit England until another twenty years had
+passed.
+
+
+III
+
+After Melbourne, the next step in Lola's itinerary was Geelong. The
+programme she offered there was a generous one, for it included a
+"Stirring drama, entitled, _Maidens, Beware!_ and the elegant and
+successful comedy, _The Eton Boy_," to which were added a "sparkling
+comedietta" and a "laughable farce." This was good value. The Geelong
+critic, however, did not think very much of the principal item in this
+bill. "It has," he observed solemnly, "an impossible plot, with
+situations and sentiments quite beyond the understanding of us
+barbarians."
+
+This supercilious attitude was not shared by the simple-minded
+diggers, who found _Maidens, Beware!_ very much to their taste. But
+nothing else could have been expected, for it offered good measure of
+all the elements that ensure success every time they are employed.
+Thus, the hero is wrongfully charged with a series of offences
+committed by the villain; a comic servant unravels the plot when it
+becomes intricate; and the heroine only avoids "something worse than
+death" by proving that a baronet, "paying unwelcome addresses," (but
+nothing else) has forged a will.
+
+Having a partiality for the society of diggers, with whom she had
+always got on well, Lola next betook herself to Ballarat. It was an
+unpropitious moment for a theatrical venture in that part of the
+world. The atmosphere was somewhat unsettled. The broad arrows and
+ticket-of-leave contingent who made up a large section of the
+community were clamouring for a republic; and there was a considerable
+amount of rioting. A rebel flag had been run up by the mob; and the
+military had to be called out to suppress the activities of the
+"Ballarat Reform League." Still, Lola was not the woman to run away
+from danger. As she had told a Sydney audience, she "rather liked a
+good row."
+
+The coming of Lola Montez to Ballarat was heralded by a preliminary
+paragraph:
+
+     "Our readers will be pleased to learn that the
+     world-renowned Lola, a lady who has had Kings at her beck,
+     and who has caused nearly as much upheaval in the world as
+     Helen of Troy, is about to appear among us. On leaving
+     Melbourne by coach, she presented the booking clerk with an
+     autographed copy of a work by the famous Mrs. Harriet
+     Beecher Stowe. Young gentlemen of Ballarat, look out for
+     your hearts! Havoc will assuredly be played among them."
+
+Her colourful career attracted the laureates. One of them found in it
+inspiration for a ballad, "Lola, of the rolling black eye!" which was
+sung at every music-hall in the Colony. A second effort regarded the
+matter in its graver aspects. The first verse ran as follows:
+
+    She is more to be pitied than censured,
+      She is more to be helped than despised.
+    She is only a lassie who ventured
+      On life's stormy path ill-advised.
+    Do not scorn her with words fierce and bitter,
+      Do not laugh at her shame and downfall,
+    For a moment just stop to consider
+      _That a man was the cause of it all!_
+
+Ludwig of Bavaria had done better than this. A lot better. Annoyed at
+the innuendo it contained, Lola flourished her whip afresh and
+threatened the bard with an action for damages.
+
+The Victoria Theatre, Ballarat (where Lola Montez was to give the
+diggers a sample of her quality), was a newly built house,
+"reflecting," declared an impressed reporter, "every modern elegance.
+In front of the boxes," he continued, "are panels, chastely adorned
+with Corinthian festoons, encircling a gilded eagle emblematic of
+liberty. Above the proscenium is an ellipse, exhibiting the Australian
+coat of arms. The ceiling is ornamented by a dome, round which are
+grouped the nine Muses, and the chandelier is the biggest in the
+Colony. From the dress-circle there is direct communication with the
+adjoining United States Hotel, so that first-class refreshments can be
+procured without the slightest inconvenience. There are six
+dressing-rooms; and Madame Lola Montez has a private and sumptuously
+furnished apartment."
+
+As the repertoire she offered was to include ("by special request")
+the "Spider Dance," she took the precaution of sending a description
+of it to the _Ballarat Star_:
+
+     The characteristic and fascinating SPIDER DANCE has been
+     performed by MADAME LOLA MONTEZ with the utmost success
+     throughout the United States of America and before all the
+     Crowned Heads of Europe.
+
+     This dance, on which malice and envy have endeavoured to fix
+     the stain of immorality, has been given in the other
+     Colonies to houses crammed from floor to ceiling with rank
+     and fashion and beauty. In Adelaide His Excellency the
+     Governor-General, accompanied by Lady McDonnell and quite
+     the most select ladies of the city, accorded it their
+     patronage, while the Free and Accepted Masons did Madame
+     Lola Montez the distinguished honour of attending in full
+     regalia.
+
+It was on February 16, 1856, that Lola Montez opened at Ballarat. A
+generous programme was offered, for it consisted of "the elegant and
+sparkling comedy, _A Morning Call_; the laughable farce, _The
+Spittalsfields Weaver_; the domestic drama, _Raffaelo, the Reprobate_;
+and the Shakespearean tragedy, _Antony and Cleopatra_; all with new
+and sumptuous scenery, dresses, and appointments."
+
+In accordance with the fashion of the period, the star had to recite a
+prologue. An extract from it was as follows:
+
+    'Tis only right some hurried words to say
+    As to the name this theatre bears to-day,
+    For I would have you fully understand
+    I seek for patrons men of every land.
+    'Tis not alone through prejudice has been
+    Attached the name of Britain's virtuous Queen.
+    And may your gen'rous presence and applause
+    Mutual content and happy evenings cause!
+
+But this was merely an introduction. There was more to follow, for the
+"personal" touch had yet to be delivered.
+
+    As for _myself_, you'll find in Lola Montez
+    The study how to please my constant wont is!
+    Yet I am vain that I'm the first star here
+    To shine upon this Thespian hemisphere.
+    And only hope that when I say "Adieu!"
+    You'll grant the same I wish to you--
+    May rich success reward your daily toil,
+    Nor men nor measures present peace despoil,
+    And may I nightly see your pleasant faces
+    With these fair ladies, your attendant Graces!
+
+
+IV
+
+But, despite this auspicious start, all was not set fair at Ballarat.
+As had happened in other places, Lola was to fall foul of a critic who
+had disparaged her. Furiously indignant, and horse-whip in hand, she
+rushed into the editor's office and executed summary vengeance upon
+him.
+
+     "A full account of this remarkable business," announced the
+     opposition journal, "will be given by us to-morrow. Our
+     readers may anticipate a perfect treat." They got it, too,
+     if one can trust the report of a "few choice observations"
+     delivered by Lola to her audience on the second night of her
+     engagement:
+
+     "Ladies and Gentlemen: I am very sure that all of you in
+     this house are my very good friends; and I much regret that
+     I now have a most unpleasant duty to perform. I had imagined
+     that, after all the kindness I have experienced from the
+     miners in California, I should never have had anything
+     painful to say to you. Now, however, I am compelled to do
+     so.
+
+     "I speak to the ladies, as members of my own sex, and to the
+     gentlemen, as my natural protectors. Well, what I have to
+     tell you is that there is a certain gentleman in this town
+     called Seekamp. Just take out the E's, and what is left of
+     his name becomes _Skamp_. Listen to my story, and then judge
+     between us. This Mr. Seekamp, who is the editor of the
+     _Ballarat Times_, actually told me, in the hearing of
+     another lady and two quite respectable gentlemen, that the
+     miners here were a set of ----. No, I really cannot sully my
+     lips with the shocking word he used--and that I was not to
+     believe them.
+
+     "Mr. Seekamp called on me, with a certain proposition, and
+     accepted my hospitality. You all know he is just a little
+     fond of drinking. Well, while he was at my house the sherry,
+     the port, the champagne, and the brandy were never off the
+     table. He ate with me, and he drank with me. In fact, he
+     drank so freely that it was only my self-respect that
+     prevented me having him removed. But I said to myself,
+     'After all, he is an editor; perhaps this is his little
+     way.'
+
+     "Well, I did as Mr. Seekamp wanted, and as a result, I was a
+     ten pound note out of pocket by it. I was green, but I was
+     anxious to avoid making enemies among editors. Yet, when his
+     paper next appears, I am referred to in it as being
+     notorious for my immorality. Notorious, indeed! Why, I defy
+     everybody here, or anywhere else, to say that I am, or ever
+     was, immoral. It's not likely that, if I wanted to be
+     immoral, I should be slaving away and earning my bread by
+     hard work. What do you think?
+
+     "Ladies and Gentlemen, I appeal to you. Is it fair or
+     generous of this Seekamp person to behave to me like this?
+     The truth is, my manager, knowing that he was a
+     good-for-nothing fellow, gave my printing orders to another
+     editor. In revenge, the angry Seekamp says he will hound me
+     from this town. Ladies and Gentlemen, I appeal to you for
+     protection."
+
+"And here," adds the report, "the intrepid Lola retired amid deafening
+applause. Three hearty cheers were given for Madame and three lusty
+groans for her cowardly traducer."
+
+On the following night there was more speech-making. This time, Lola
+complained to the audience that she had been freshly aspersed by the
+objectionable Seekamp. "I offered," she said, "though merely a woman,
+to meet him with pistols, but the cur who attacks a lady's character
+runs away from my challenge. He says he will drive me from the
+Diggings. Well, I intend to turn the tables, and to make Seekamp
+de-camp. I very much regret," she added, "having been compelled to
+assert myself at the expense of Mr. Seekamp, but, really it was not my
+fault. His attacks on my art were most ungentlemanly. I challenged him
+to fight a duel, but the poltroon would not accept."
+
+In the best tradition of the _Eatanswill Gazette_, the _Ballarat Star_
+referred to the _Ballarat Times_ as "our veracious contemporary and
+doughty opponent," and alluded to the "unblushing profligacy of its
+editorial columns." The proprietor of the United States Hotel and the
+solicitor for Lola Montez also sailed into the controversy and
+challenged Mr. Seekamp to "eat his words." That individual, however,
+not caring about such a diet, refused to do anything of the sort.
+
+The matter did not end there, and a number of correspondents took up
+the cudgels on behalf of Lola Montez.
+
+"Is it possible," wrote one of them to the editor of the _Star_, "that
+Mr. Seekamp can, in his endeavour to blacken the fair fame of a woman,
+insinuate that he is also guilty of the most shocking immorality? I
+blush to think it." There was also a letter in a similar strain from
+"John Bull," and another from "An Eton Boy," animadverting upon Mr.
+Seekamp's grammar.
+
+Feeling herself damaged in reputation, Lola's next step was to
+instruct her solicitor to bring an action for libel against Seekamp.
+The magistrate remitted the case to the superior court at Geelong.
+But, as an apology was offered and accepted, nothing more was heard of
+it.
+
+This, however, was not the end of her troubles at Ballarat, for
+horse-whips were again to whistle in the air. But, this time Lola got
+more than she bargained for. She was using her whip on one Mr. Crosby,
+the manager of the theatre there, when that individual's spouse--a
+strong-minded and muscular woman--wrested the weapon from her and laid
+it across her own back.
+
+The account given by an eye-witness is a little different. "At
+Ballarat," he says, "Lola pitched into and cross-buttocked a stalwart
+Amazon who had omitted to show her proper respect."
+
+"Cross-buttocked" would appear to be an expression which, so far, has
+eluded the dictionary-makers.
+
+In other parts of the Colony, however, Lola's reception more than made
+up for any little unpleasantnesses at Ballarat. "Her popularity," says
+William Kelly, an Australian squatter, "was not limited to the stage.
+She was welcomed with rapture on the gold fields, and all the more for
+the liberal fashion in which she 'shouted' when returning the
+hospitality of the diggers. Her pluck, too, delighted them, for she
+would descend the deepest shafts with as much nonchalance as if she
+were entering a boudoir."
+
+From Sandhurst Lola Montez travelled to Bendigo, where the tour
+finished. There, says a pressman, "she lived on terms of the most
+cordial amity with the entire populace, and without a single
+disturbing incident to ruffle the serenity of the intercourse."
+
+
+V
+
+Having completed her tour in Australia, with considerable profit to
+herself, Lola Montez disbanded her company, and, in the autumn of
+1856, returned to Europe. She had several offers from London; but,
+feeling that a rest was well earned, she left the ship at Marseilles
+and took a villa at St. Jean de Luz. While there, she appears to have
+occupied a certain amount of public attention. At any rate, Emile de
+Girardin, thinking it good "copy," reprinted in _La Presse_ a letter
+she had written to the _Estafette_:
+
+     ST. JEAN DE LUZ,
+
+     _September 3, 1856._
+
+     Sir: The French and Belgian papers are announcing as a
+     positive fact that the suicide of Monsieur Mauclerc (who
+     deliberately precipitated himself from the top of the Pic du
+     Midi cliff) was caused by various troubles I had occasioned
+     him. If he were still living, Monsieur Mauclerc would
+     himself, I feel certain, contradict this calumny.
+
+     It is true that we were married; but, finding, after eight
+     days, that our union was not likely to turn out a happy one,
+     we parted by mutual consent. The story of my responsibility
+     for the Pic du Midi business only exists in the imaginative
+     brain of some journalist who revels in supplying tragic
+     details. Anyhow, Mr. Editor, I count upon your sympathy to
+     exculpate me from any share in the melancholy event.--Yours,
+     LOLA MONTEZ.
+
+Mauclerc, however, so far from being dead, was still very much alive,
+and was sunning himself just then at Bayonne. Having read this letter,
+he answered it in the next issue:
+
+     I have just seen in the columns of _La Presse_ a letter from
+     Lola Montez. This gives an account of a deliberate jump from
+     the top of a cliff and of a marriage with myself as the
+     chief actor in each catastrophe. All I have to say about
+     them is that I know nothing of these important occurrences.
+     I assure you, sir, I have never felt any desire to
+     "precipitate" myself, either from the Pic du Midi or from
+     anywhere else; nor have I ever had the distinction of being
+     the husband of the famous Countess of Landsfeld for a matter
+     of even eight days.--MAUCLERC. Artist dramatique.
+
+     _September 9, 1856._
+
+Lola ignored this _dementi_. Possibly, however, she did not read it,
+for she was just then arranging another trip to America.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVI
+
+FAREWELL TO THE FOOTLIGHTS
+
+
+I
+
+Having booked a number of engagements there, in December, 1857, Lola
+landed in New York for the second time. Directly she stepped off the
+ship, she was surrounded by a throng of reporters. Never losing the
+chance of making a speech, she gave them just what they wanted.
+
+"America," she said, as they pulled out their note-books, "is the last
+refuge left the victims of tyranny and oppression in the old world. It
+is the finest monument to liberty ever erected beneath the canopy of
+heaven."
+
+For her reappearance she offered the public _Lola Montez in Bavaria_,
+which had already done good service. By this time, however, it was a
+little frayed.
+
+"The drama represents her as a coquettish and reckless woman," was the
+considered opinion of one critic. "We assure our readers she is
+nothing of the sort."
+
+This testimonial was a help. Still, it could not infuse fresh life
+into a piece that had obviously outlived its popularity. Hence, she
+soon changed the bill for a double one, _The Eton Boy_ and _Follies of
+a Night_. But the cash results were not much better; and when she left
+New York and tried her luck in Boston the week's receipts were
+scarcely two hundred dollars. This, in theatrical parlance, was "not
+playing to the gas."
+
+Realising that she was losing her grip, she cast about for some fresh
+method of attracting the public. It was not long before she hit on
+one. As she was in a democratic country, she would make capital out of
+her "title." A plan was soon matured. This was to hold "receptions,"
+where anybody would be welcome who was prepared to pay a dollar.
+
+A dollar for ten minutes' chat with a genuine countess, and, for
+another 50 cents, the privilege of shaking her hand. A bargain. The
+tariff appealed to thousands. Among them Charles Sumner, the
+distinguished jurist, who declared of Lola Montez that, "She was by
+far the most graceful and delightful woman I ever met."
+
+Her next scheme for raising the financial wind was to employ her pen.
+It was true that her "memoirs," strung together in Paris, had fallen
+flat--owing to the pusillanimity of the editor of _Le Pays_--but a
+full length "autobiography" would, she thought, stand a better
+prospect. Apart, too, from other considerations, there was now more
+material on which to draw. An embarrassing amount of it. She could say
+something--a lot--about the happenings in Bavaria, in France, in
+California, and in Australia. All good stuff, and a field hitherto
+untouched.
+
+The pen, however, being still an unaccustomed weapon, she availed
+herself of outside help; and practically the whole of the
+_Autobiography of Lola Montez_ was written for her (on a
+profit-sharing agreement) by a clerical collaborator, the Rev.
+Chauncey Burr.
+
+The tale of the Odyssey--as set forth in this joint
+production--established contact with glittering circles and the
+breathing of perfumed air. Within its chapters emperors and kings and
+princes jostle one another; scenes shift continually from capital to
+capital; and plots follow counter-plots in breathless fashion. Yet
+those who purchased the volume in the fond belief that it would turn
+out to be the analysis of a modern Aspasia were disappointed. As a
+matter of fact, there was next to nothing in it that would have upset
+a Band of Hope committee-meeting. This, however, was largely because,
+an adept at skating over thin ice, the Rev. Mr. Burr ignored, or
+coloured, such happenings as did not redound to the credit of his
+subject.
+
+[Illustration: _Lola Montez in Middle Life. A characteristic pose_]
+
+The "Autobiography" (alleged) finishes on a high note:
+
+     "Ten years have elapsed since the events with which Lola
+     Montez was connected in Bavaria; and yet the malice of the
+     diffusive and ever vigilant Jesuits is as fresh and as
+     active as it was at the first hour it assailed her. It is
+     not too much to say that few artists of her profession ever
+     escaped with so little censure; and certainly none ever had
+     the doors of the highest social respectability so
+     universally open to them as she had, up to the time she went
+     to Bavaria. And she denies that there was anything in her
+     conduct there which ought to have compromised her before the
+     world. Her enemies assailed her, not because her deeds were
+     bad, but because they knew of no other means to destroy her
+     influence."
+
+Although too modest to acknowledge it, this passage is obviously the
+Rev. Chauncey Burr verbatim.
+
+An offer to serialise part of the "autobiography" in the columns of
+_Le Figaro_ was accepted. In correcting the proofs, Lola still clung
+to the earlier account that had already done service in the "memoirs"
+contributed to _Le Pays_. But she embellished it with fresh
+embroideries. Thus, to keep up the Spanish connection, she now claimed
+as her aunts the Marquise de Pavestra and the Marquise de
+Villa-Palana, together with an equally imaginary Uncle Juan; and she
+also, for the first time, gave her schoolgirl friend, Fanny Nicholls,
+a sister Valerie.
+
+The "autobiography" had originally been accepted for _Le Pays_ by
+Antenon Joly. When, however, shortly afterwards, MM. de la Gueronniere
+and de Lamartine acquired the journal, they repudiated the contract.
+Hence, its transfer to _Le Figaro_. But this organ also developed a
+sudden queasiness, and, after the first few instalments had appeared,
+declined to print the remainder, on the grounds that they were "too
+scandalous." Some time afterwards, Eugene de Mirecourt, thinking he
+had a bargain, secured the interrupted portions and made them the
+basis of a chapter on Lola Montez in his _Les Contemporains_. This
+chapter is marked throughout by severe disapproval. Thus, it begins:
+
+"The woman who revives in the nineteenth century the scandals of
+Jeanne Vaubernier belongs to our gallery, and the abject materialism
+accompanying her misconduct will be revealed in the pages that
+follow."
+
+De Mirecourt was not too happy in his self-appointed task. Like
+everything else from his pen, the entire section is distinctly
+imaginative. Thus, he declares that Lola, while living in Madrid, was
+"supported by five or six great English lords"; and, among other
+amorous incidents, says that a Brahmin priest fell in love with her;
+that she conducted a "scandalous intrigue" with a young French
+diplomat who was carrying despatches to the Emperor of China; and that
+her husband, Lieutenant James, once intercepted a tender passage
+between herself and a rajah. Further embroideries assert that Lola's
+father was the son of a Lady Gilbert, and that her mother was the
+daughter of a "Moorish warrior who abjured paganism." To this
+rigmarole he adds that she was sent to a boarding-school at Bath, kept
+by a Mrs. Olridge, where she had an early _liaison_ with the
+drawing-master.
+
+It was perhaps as well for de Mirecourt, and others of his kidney,
+that libel actions had not then been added to the perils of
+authorship. Still, if they had, Lola would not have troubled to bring
+one. To take proceedings in America against a man living in France was
+difficult. Also, by this time she was so accustomed to studied
+misrepresentation and deliberate falsehoods that she refused to
+interfere.
+
+"It doesn't matter what people choose to say about me," she remarked
+contemptuously, when she was informed by a friend in Paris of the
+liberties being taken with her name.
+
+Although (except when she took it into her own hands) she liked to
+keep clear of the law, this was not always possible. Such an instance
+occurred in March, 1858, when a Mr. Jobson of New York brought an
+action against her in respect of an alleged debt. The proceedings
+would appear to have been conducted in a fashion that must have been
+peculiar to the time and place; and, in an effort to discredit her,
+she was subjected to a cross-examination that would now be described
+as "third degree."
+
+"Were you not," began the plaintiff's counsel, "born in Montrose, the
+daughter of one Molly Watson?"
+
+When this was denied, he put his next question.
+
+"How many intrigues have you had during your career?"
+
+"None," was the answer.
+
+"We'll see about that, Madam," returned the other, consulting his
+brief. "To begin with, were you not the mistress of King Ludwig?"
+
+"You are a vulgar villain," exclaimed Lola indignantly. "I can swear
+on the Bible, which I read every night, but you don't, that I never
+had what you call an 'intrigue' with him. As a matter of fact, I did
+him a lot of good."
+
+"In what way?" enquired the judge, looking interested.
+
+"Well, I moulded his mind to the love of freedom."
+
+"Before you ran off with your first husband," continued counsel, "were
+you not employed as a chambermaid?"
+
+"Never," was the emphatic response. "And, let me tell you, Mr.
+Attorney, it is not at all a shameful thing to be a chambermaid. If I
+had been born one, I should consider myself a much more distinguished
+woman than I am."
+
+When her own counsel, coming to the rescue, dubbed Mr. Jobson a
+"fellow," there followed, in the words of a reporter, "an unseemly
+fracas." From abuse of one another, the rival attorneys took to
+fisticuffs; the spectators and officials joined in the struggle; and
+an ink pot was hurled by the furious Jobson at the occupants of the
+jury-box. This being considered contempt of court, he was arrested,
+and the judge, gathering up his papers, left the Bench, announcing
+that the further hearing would be adjourned.
+
+
+II
+
+After this experience, Lola developed a fresh activity. Like a modern
+Joan of Arc, she suddenly announced that she heard "Voices," and that,
+on their instructions, she was giving up the stage for the platform.
+Her plans were soon completed; and, on February 3, 1858, she mounted
+the rostrum and made her debut as a lecturer, at the Hope Chapel, New
+York.
+
+There were beery chuckles from the reporters who were "covering" this
+effort. "Lola Montez in the chapel pulpit is good fun," was the
+conclusion at which one of them arrived; and another headed his
+column, "A Desperado in Dimity."
+
+Judging from his account of this initial sample (a lecture on
+"Beautiful Women"), the _Tribune_ representative did not regard it
+very seriously:
+
+     "Temperance, exercise, and cleanliness, preached Lola the
+     plucky; light suppers and reasonable hours; jolly long walks
+     in thick boots and snug wrappers for the benefit of the
+     complexion. From these, said Lola, come good digestion, good
+     humour, and good sense. And that's the way, my dear Flora,
+     to be healthy and wealthy--speaking crinolinely and
+     red-petticoatedly--and wise."
+
+Lola was before her time. Nowadays she would have set up as a "beauty
+specialist." Had she done so, she would have secured a big income from
+the sale of creams and perfumes, powders and paints, and dyes and
+unguents, and all the other nostrums with which women endeavour to
+recover their vanished charms. But, instead of becoming a
+practitioner, she became an author and compiled a handbook, _The Arts
+of Beauty, or Secrets of a Lady's Toilet_. This went very fully into
+the subject, and had helpful hints on "Complexion Treatment," "Hair
+Culture," "Removal of Wrinkles," and what was then coyly termed "Bust
+Development." Importance was also attached to "Intellect," as a
+sovereign specific for repairing the ravages of advancing years. "A
+beautiful mind," announced the author, "is the first thing required
+for a beautiful face."
+
+Lola's light was not hidden under any bushel. An American firm of
+publishers, convinced that there was money in this sort of thing, made
+an acceptable offer and issued the work with a prefatory inscription:
+
++--------------------------------------------------------+
+|                          TO                            |
+|                   ALL MEN AND WOMEN                    |
+|                     OF EVERY LAND                      |
+|            WHO ARE NOT AFRAID OF THEMSELVES            |
+| WHO TRUST SO MUCH TO THEIR OWN SOULS THAT THEY DARE TO |
+|                       STAND UP                         |
+|                 IN THE MIGHT OF THEIR                  |
+|                   OWN INDIVIDUALITY                    |
+| TO MEET THE TIDAL CURRENTS OF THE WORLD, THIS BOOK IS  |
+|                RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY               |
+|                      THE AUTHOR                        |
++--------------------------------------------------------+
+
+The title-page of this effort ran as follows:
+
++---------------------------------+
+|               THE               |
+|          ARTS OF BEAUTY         |
+|               OR                |
+|    SECRETS OF A LADY'S TOILET   |
+|      WITH HINTS TO GENTLEMEN    |
+|             ON THE              |
+|        ART OF FASCINATION       |
+|      BY MADAME LOLA MONTEZ      |
+|      COUNTESS OF LANDSFELD      |
+|            NEW YORK             |
+| DICK AND FITZGERALD, PUBLISHERS |
+|          18 ANN STREET          |
++---------------------------------+
+
+A Canadian publisher, John Lovell, on the look-out for a novelty, read
+this effort and suggested that a friend of his, Emile Chevalier, of
+Paris, should sponsor an edition of Lola's _Arts of Beauty_ for
+consumption on the boulevards. "I am too much an admirer of the gifted
+author," was M. Chevalier's response, "to undertake the work without
+consulting her." Accordingly, he got into touch with Lola, offering to
+have a translation made. "Thank you," she replied, "but I wish to do
+it myself. You, however, can put in any corrections you think
+necessary. I have not written anything in French since the death of
+poor Bon-Bon [Dujarier], and I want to see if I still remember the
+language." Apparently she did so, for, shortly afterwards, the
+manuscript was sent across the Atlantic and delivered to M. Chevalier.
+Within another month it was on the bookstalls. "I have retouched it
+very little," says the editor in his preface, "as I was anxious to
+preserve Madame Lola's distinctly original style. Her pen is as
+mordant as her dog-whip."
+
+M. Chevalier was charmed with the fashion in which Lola had acquitted
+herself, and wrote florid letters of thanks to her in New York. With a
+supplementary lecture on "Instructions for Gentlemen in the Art of
+Fascination," which was added to fill up the book, he declared himself
+much impressed. "This," he says, "exhibits a profound knowledge of the
+human heart, and is altogether one of the finest and most piquant
+criticisms on American manners with which I am familiar." "Who," he
+continues, warming to his work, "is more thoroughly qualified to
+discuss the development and preservation of natural beauty than the
+Countess of Landsfeld?"; and in an introductory puff he adds: "These
+observations are very judicious, and as applicable in Europe as in
+America. They should, I feel, be indelibly engraved on the minds of
+all sensible women."
+
+Perhaps they were. At any rate, the result of M. Chevalier's
+enterprise was a distinct success, and the Paris bookshops soon got
+rid of 50,000 copies. In fact, Lola was very nearly a best-seller.
+
+In addition to her expert views on "Beautiful Women," Lola had plenty
+of other subjects up her sleeve, to be incorporated in a series of
+lectures. The list covered a wide range, for it included such diverse
+headings as "Ladies with Pasts," "Heroines of History," "Romanism,"
+"Wits and Women of Paris," "Comic Aspects of Love," and "Gallantry."
+On all of these matters she had plenty to say. On some of them quite a
+lot, for they ran to an average of a dozen closely printed pages, and,
+when delivered in public, took up three hours. In the one on
+"Beautiful Women" precise details were given as to the adventitious
+causes contributing to her own sylph-like figure, glossy hair and
+pearly teeth, etc., and a number of prescriptions were also offered.
+These, she recommended, should be manufactured at home. "For a few
+shillings and a little trouble," she pointed out, "any lady can secure
+an adequate supply of all such things, composed of materials far
+superior to the expensive compounds bought from druggists;" and the
+recipes, she insisted, "had been translated by herself from the
+original French, Spanish, German, and Italian." Among these were
+_Beaume a l'Antique_, _Unction de Maintenon_, and _Pommade de
+Seville_; and "a retired actress at Gibraltar" was responsible for a
+specific for "warding off baldness." Lola put it in two words--"avoid
+nightcaps." But she was sympathetic about scalp troubles. "Without a
+fine head of hair, no woman can be really beautiful.... The dogs would
+bark at and run away from her in the street." To be well covered on
+top was, she held, "quite as important for the opposite sex." "How
+like a fool or a ruffian," she remarked, "do the noblest masculine
+features appear if the hair of the head is bad. Many a dandy who has
+scarcely brains or courage enough to catch a sheep has enslaved the
+hearts of a hundred girls with his Hyperion locks!"
+
+Although nominally the author of them, these lectures were, like her
+previous flight, really strung together by that clerical "ghost," the
+Rev. Chauncey Burr, with whom she had collaborated in her "memoirs."
+Wielding a ready pen, he gave good value, for the chapters were well
+sprinkled with choice classical quotations and elegant extracts from
+the poets, together with allusions to Aristotle and Theophrastus, to
+Madame de Stael and Washington Irving.
+
+In the lecture on "Gallantry," Lola had a warm encomium for King
+Ludwig.
+
+"His Majesty," she informed her audience, "is one of the most refined
+and high-toned gentlemen of the old school of manners. He is also one
+of the most learned men of genius in all Europe. To him art is more
+indebted than to any other monarch who has ever lived. King Ludwig is
+the author of several volumes of poems, which are evidence of his
+natural genius and elaborately cultivated taste.... He worships beauty
+like one of the old troubadours; and his gallantry is caused by his
+love of art. He was the greatest and best King Bavaria ever had."
+
+In another passage she had a smack at the Catholic Church:
+
+"An evil hour brought into Ludwig's counsels the most despotic and
+illiberal of the Jesuits. Through the influence of his ministers the
+natural liberality of the King was perpetually thwarted; and the
+Government degenerated into a petty tyranny, where priestly influence
+was sucking out the very life-blood of the people."
+
+More than something of a doctrinaire, her observations on "Romanism"
+(which she dubbed "an abyss of superstition and moral pollution") might
+have fallen from the lips of a hot-gospeller of to-day. "Who," she asked
+her hearers, "shall compute the stupefying and brutalizing effects of such
+religion? Who will dare tell me that this terrible Church does not lie
+upon the bosom of the present time like a vast, unwieldy, and offensive
+corpse? America does not yet recognise how much she owes to the Protestant
+principle. It is that principle which has given the world the four
+greatest facts of modern times--steamboats, railroads, telegraphs, and the
+American Republic."
+
+This somewhat novel definition of "the four greatest facts of modern
+times" was received with rapture by its hearers.
+
+Despite certain jeers from some of the reviewers, the lectures
+continued to attract the public. The novelty of Lola Montez at the
+rostrum drew large audiences everywhere; and she had no difficulty in
+arranging a long tour. Feeling, when it came to an end, that a similar
+measure of success might be secured on the other side of the Atlantic,
+she resolved to visit England.
+
+Just before leaving America for this purpose, she wrote to a one-time
+Munich acquaintance, who was then editing a New York magazine:
+
+     YORKVILLE,
+
+     _August 20, 1858._
+
+     MY DEAR MR. LELAND,
+
+     I wish to thank you for the very kind notice you gave in
+     your interesting magazine of my first book, and I have
+     requested Messrs. Dick and Fitzgerald, my publishers, to
+     send to your private address a copy of my _Arts of Beauty_.
+     I hope, as a _critique_, it will be found "not wanting" (I
+     do not mean not wanted).
+
+     Will you give my best and kindest regards to our friend
+     Caxton; and, with the hope of hearing from you before I
+     leave for Europe, which will be in a couple of months, I
+     remain, far or near, your friend,
+
+     LOLA MONTEZ.
+
+Of course, there was a postscript:
+
+     "The subject of my lectures in Europe will be on America.
+     This should prove attractive."
+
+Another letter suggests that an appointment with Leland had not been
+kept:
+
+     I should have much liked to have seen you before my
+     departure for Ireland on Tuesday by Pacific, but I cannot
+     control circumstances, you know; and therefore all I ask you
+     until my return next July is a "place in your memory."
+     Maybe, I shall write to you, or, maybe, not. But, whatever
+     is, be sure that _You_ will not be forgotten by Yrs.
+
+     LOLA MONTEZ.
+
+Again the inevitable postscript:
+
+    "Give my best and kindest regards to _our friend_. Tell him I
+    shall certainly manage to fill his columns with plenty more
+    newspaper lectures."
+
+According to himself, Lola looked upon the young American with
+something more than mere friendship. "Once," he says, in his
+reminiscences, "she proposed to make a bolt with me to Europe, which I
+declined. The secret of my influence," he adds smugly, "was that I
+always treated her with respect, and never made love."
+
+
+III
+
+It was at the end of November, 1858, that Lola landed once more in the
+United Kingdom. She began her campaign there in Dublin, where,
+twenty-four years earlier, she had lived as a young bride, danced at
+the Castle, and flirted with the Viceroy's aides-de-camp. During the
+interval a crowded chapter, and one full of colour and life and
+movement, had been written.
+
+All being in readiness, the public were duly informed of her plans by
+an advertisement:
+
+MADAME LOLA MONTEZ, COUNTESS OF
+LANDSFELD, will give a Lecture on "America and its
+People," at the Round Room, Rotundo, on Wednesday
+evening, December 8. Reserved seats, 3s.; unreserved, 2s. 6d.
+
+The debut would appear to have been highly successful. "The
+announcement of the lecture," said a report the next morning, "created
+a degree of interest almost unparalleled among the Dublin public. The
+platform was regularly carried by a throng of admirers, giving
+Madame Lola Montez barely space to reach her desk. She was listened to
+with enraptured attention and warm manifestations of approval"; and
+"very properly, an ill-bred fellow, who exclaimed, 'hee-haw' at
+regular intervals, was loudly hissed."
+
+[Illustration: _"Lectures and Life." From stage to platform_]
+
+For some reason or other, Lola was constantly embroiled with
+journalists. Thus, during this Dublin visit she had a passage at arms
+with one of them, who had published some damaging criticisms about her
+life in Paris. Thereupon, she wrote an angry letter to the editor of
+the _Daily Express_. As, however, she was alluding to events that had
+taken place nearly fifteen years earlier, her memory was somewhat at
+fault. Thus, she insisted that, when Dujarier met his death, she was
+living in the house of a Dr. and Mrs. Azan; and also that "the good
+Queen of Bavaria wept bitterly when she left Munich."
+
+But, if Lola Montez was not very reliable, the editor of the _Dublin
+Daily Express_ was similarly slipshod in his comments. "It is now," he
+declared, "well established that Lola Montez was born in 1824, her
+father being the son of a baronet."
+
+Crossing from Ireland to England, Lola, prior to appearing in London,
+undertook a tour in the provinces. On January 8, 1859, she appeared at
+the Free Trade Hall, Manchester, where her subject was "Portraits of
+English and American Character." This went down very well, although,
+to her disappointment, John Bright declined to take the chair. At
+Liverpool, however, "the public went almost wild with excitement";
+and, as a result, her share of the box-office receipts was L250. But,
+although she attracted the mob, she managed to upset the
+susceptibilities of the critics. "Some of Madam's allusions," declared
+a shocked hearer, "were in questionable taste, and, as she delivered
+her address, the epithet 'coarse' fell from several members of the
+audience."
+
+A visit to Chester, which followed the Liverpool one, was marked by an
+unfortunate incident:
+
+"We learn with sorrow," said an eye-witness, "that on Thursday last
+the lady introduced, if not American, certainly not English, manners
+into one of our most venerable cathedrals. When, accompanied by a
+masculine escort, she entered the sacred edifice, the gentleman (?)
+demurred to removing his hat. While in dispute on this point of
+etiquette, Madam's pet dog attempted to join her. On being informed by
+the sexton that such canine companionship was inadmissible, her anger
+was aroused and she withdrew in considerable dudgeon."
+
+The provincial tour was an extensive one; and, during it, she
+encountered a certain amount of competition. Thus, at Bristol she was
+sandwiched in between Barnum and a quarterly meeting of the Bible
+Society. None the less, "the fair Lola had a very cordial reception
+from a number of respectable citizens." But she was to have a set-back
+in one town that must have held many memories of her girlhood. This
+was Bath, where she appeared in the Assembly Rooms. The attitude of
+the press was distinctly inimical. "We must say," was one acid
+comment, "that a greater _sell_ we have not met with for a very long
+time. All the audience got for their money were some remarks of the
+most commonplace and twaddling description. They lasted about an hour,
+and even this was an hour too much." Still, Brighton, where the tour
+finished, more than made up for Bath; and she was so successful there
+that "the Pavilion was crammed to the doors, and additional lectures
+had to be given." Thus, all was well that ended well.
+
+A provincial triumph was worth having. Lola, however, had set her
+heart on conquering London. With this end in view, accordingly, she
+despatched an emissary ahead to make the preliminary arrangements.
+Offers of theatres were showered upon her. One was from that
+remarkable figure, Edward Tyrell Smith. She would probably have done
+well under his management, for nobody understood showmanship better
+than this British Barnum. In this direction he had nothing to learn
+from anybody. Beginning his career as a sailor, he had soon tired of a
+life on the ocean wave, and, abandoning the prospect of becoming
+another Nelson, had joined the police force as a humble constable. But
+he did not remain one long; and became in turn a Fleet Street
+publican, the proprietor of a Haymarket night-house, an auctioneer, a
+picture dealer, a bill discounter (with a side line in usury), and the
+editor of a Sunday organ. Next, the theatre attracted his energies;
+and in 1852 he secured a lease of Drury Lane at the moderate rental of
+L70 a week. On Boxing-night he offered his first programme there. This
+consisted of _Uncle Tom's Cabin_ (with "fierce bloodhounds complete"),
+followed by a full length pantomime and a "roaring farce." Value for
+money in those palmy days. But, as an entrepreneur, Mr. Smith was
+always ahead of his period. Thus, he abolished the customary charge
+for booking; and, instead of increasing them, he lowered his prices
+when he had a success; and it is also to his credit that he introduced
+matinees.
+
+Such a manager deserved to go far. This one did go far. Having
+discovered his niche, the pushful Smith soon had his fingers in
+several other pies. Thus, from Drury Lane he went to the Alhambra, and
+from the Alhambra to Astley's, with intervening spells at the Lyceum
+and the Elephant and Castle. He also took in his stride Her Majesty's
+and Cremorne. All was fish that he swept into his net. Some, of
+course, were minnows, but others were Tritons. Charles Mathews and the
+two Keans, together with Giuglini and Titiens, served under his
+banner, as did also acrobats, conjurers, and pugilists. He "ran"
+opera, circuses, gambling hells, and "moral waxworks" simultaneously;
+and, these fields of endeavour not being enough for him, he added to
+them by standing for Parliament (opposing Samuel Whitbread) and
+editing the _Sunday Times_. Always a man of resource, when he was
+conducting a tavern he put his barmaids into "bloomers." This daring
+stroke had its reward; and, by swelling the consumption of beer,
+perceptibly increased his bank balance. Hence, it is not perhaps
+unnatural that such widely spread activities should have inspired a
+lyrical apostrophe:
+
+    Awake, my Muse, with fervour and with pith,
+      To sing the praise of Lessee Edward Smith!
+
+Yet, shrewd as he was, Mr. Smith was himself once bitten. During his
+money-lending interval, he happened to discount (at what he considered
+a "business" rate) some bills for L600 out of which Prince Louis
+Napoleon, then sheltering in London, had been swindled by some
+card-sharpers at the notorious Judge and Jury Club. The next morning,
+the victim, coming to his senses, went to the police, and the police
+went to the sharpers. As a result, the members of the gang were
+arrested and the bills were cancelled. Feeling that he had a genuine
+grievance, since he was out of pocket by the transaction, the acceptor
+waited until a turn of Fortune's wheel had established Louis Napoleon
+at the Tuileries. He then wrote to him for permission to open some
+pleasure gardens in Paris on the lines of those he had conducted at
+Cremorne. The desired permission, however, was withheld.
+
+"No gratitude," said the disappointed applicant.
+
+
+IV
+
+Tempting as were the prospects he offered, Lola, after some
+discussion, felt that she could do better, from a financial point of
+view, without the help of Mr. E. T. Smith. Accordingly, making her own
+arrangements, she hired the St. James's Hall, where, on April 7, 1859,
+she delivered the first of a series of four lectures.
+
+Although a considerable interval had elapsed since she was last in
+London, the public had not forgotten the dramatic circumstances under
+which she had then appeared at Marlborough Street police court. This
+fact, combined with the lure of her subject, "Beautiful Women," was
+sufficient to cram every portion of the building with an interested
+and expectant audience. They came from all parts. Clapham and
+Highgate were no less anxious for guidance than Kensington and
+Belgravia. If an entertainment-tax had been levied at that period the
+revenue would have benefited substantially. "The appearance on the
+platform of the fair lecturer," said one account, "was responsible for
+the most extensive display of opera glasses that has been seen in
+London since the Empress Eugenie visited the Opera."
+
+By an unfortunate coincidence, the St. James's Hall _premiere_ clashed
+with another attraction elsewhere. This was the confirmation that
+evening of the dusky King of Bonny by the Bishop of London. Still, a
+considerable number managed to attend both items; and, of the two, the
+lecture proved the greater draw.
+
+Striking a note of warning at the outset, Lola began by telling her
+hearers that, "It is the penalty of Nature that young girls must fade
+and become as wizened as their grandmothers." But she had a message of
+hope to offer, for, she said, "wrinkles can be warded off and autumn
+tresses made to preserve their pristine freshness." The cure was
+merely careful dieting and the "abolition of injurious cosmetics and
+the health-destroying bodice." Taking the measure of her audience, she
+laid on flattery with a trowel. "You have," she assured them, "only to
+look into the ranks of the upper classes to see around you the most
+beautiful women in Europe; and where this is concerned, I must give
+the preference to the nobility of England." Among the examples held up
+for admiration by her were the Duchess of Sutherland--"the paragon and
+type of Britain's aristocracy"--and "the very voluptuous Lady
+Blessington." Approval for the Duchess of Wellington, however, was
+less pronounced, since, while admitting her physical charms, Lola
+declared her to be "of little intellect, and as cold as a piece of
+sculpture."
+
+Claiming to have visited Turkey (but omitting to say when), Lola
+offered an item unrecorded in the archives of the British Embassy
+there:
+
+     "In Turkey I saw very few beautiful women. The lords of
+     creation in that part of the world treat the opposite sex as
+     you would geese--stuff them to make them fat. Through the
+     politeness of Sir Stratford Canning, English Ambassador at
+     Constantinople, I was kindly permitted to visit the Sultan's
+     harem as often as I pleased and there look upon the 'lights
+     of the world.' These 'lights of the world' consisted of five
+     hundred bodies of unwieldy avoirdupois. The ladies of the
+     harem gazed upon my leanness with commiserating wonder."
+
+The lecture finished up on a high note:
+
+     "It has been my privilege to see some of the most celebrated
+     beauties that shine in the gilded courts of fashion
+     throughout the world--from St. James's to St. Petersburg,
+     from Paris to India--and yet I am unaware of any quality
+     that can atone for the absence of an unpolished mind and an
+     unlovely heart. A charming activity of soul is the real
+     source of woman's beauty. It is that which gives the
+     sweetest expression to her face and lights up her
+     _personnel_."
+
+In the matter of publicity Lola had nothing of which to complain; and
+the next morning descriptive columns were published by the dozen.
+
+     The debut of Madame Lola Montez (announced the _Star_), in
+     the presence of a large and fashionable gathering, was a
+     decided success. Every portion of the spacious and elegant
+     building was completely filled. Madame presented herself in
+     that black velvet costume which seems to be the only
+     alternative to white muslin for ladies who aspire to be
+     considered historic. Not Marie Stuart herself could have
+     become it better than Lola Montez. Her face, air, attitude,
+     and elocution are thoroughly and bewilderingly feminine.
+     Perhaps her smartest and happiest remark was the one in
+     which, with a pretty affectation, she says, "If I were a
+     gentleman, I should like an American young lady to flirt
+     with, but a typical English girl for a wife." This dictum
+     was received with much applause.
+
+One can well believe it.
+
+An anonymous leader, but which, from its florid touches, was evidently
+penned by George Augustus Sala, dwelt on Lola's personality:
+
+     Some disappointment may have been caused by the appearance
+     of the fair lecturer. A Semiramis, a Zenobia, a Cleopatra,
+     in marvellous robes of gold and silver tissue, might have
+     been looked for; but, in reality, the rostrum was occupied
+     by a very handsome lady, with a very charming voice and a
+     very winning smile.... Madame Lola Montez lectures very well
+     and very naturally. Some will go to hear the accomplished
+     elocutionist; others will be envious to see the wife of
+     Captain James and silly Mr. Heald; the friend of Dujarier
+     and Beauvalon; the _cara sposa_ of King Ludwig. Phryne went
+     to the bath as Venus--and Madame Lola Montez lectures at St.
+     James's Hall.
+
+Taking a professional interest in everything connected, however
+remotely, with the drama (and having more time in which to do it) the
+_Era_ offered its readers a considered opinion at greater length:
+
+     If any amongst the full and fashionable auditory that
+     attended her first appearance fancied (with a lively
+     recollection of certain scandalous chronicles in the
+     newspapers touching upon her antecedents) that they were
+     about to behold a formidable-looking woman, of Amazonian
+     audacity and palpably strong-wristed as well as
+     strong-minded, their disappointment must have been grievous;
+     greater if they anticipated the legendary bulldog at her
+     side, and the traditionary pistols in her girdle, and the
+     horse-whip in her hand. The Lola Montez who made a graceful
+     and impressive obeisance to those who gave her on Thursday
+     night so cordial and encouraging a reception appeared simply
+     as a good-looking lady in the bloom of womanhood, attired
+     in a plain black dress, with easy unrestrained manners....
+     The lecture might have been a newspaper article, the first
+     chapter of a book of travels, or the speech of a long-winded
+     American Ambassador at a Mansion House dinner. All was
+     exceedingly decorous and diplomatic, slightly gilded here
+     and there with those commonplace laudations that stir a
+     British public into the utterance of patriotic plaudits. A
+     more inoffensive entertainment could hardly be imagined; and
+     when the six sections into which the lady had divided her
+     discourse, were exhausted, and her final bow elicited a
+     renewal of the applause that had accompanied her entrance,
+     the impression on the departing visitors must have been that
+     of having spent an hour in company with a well-informed lady
+     who had gone to America, had seen much to admire there, and,
+     coming back, had had over the tea-table the talk of the
+     evening to herself. Whatever the future disquisitions of the
+     Countess of Landsfeld may be, there is little doubt that
+     many will go to hear them for the sake of the peculiar
+     celebrity of the lecturer.
+
+To this, the _Era_ reporter naively added: "Her foreign accent might
+belong to any language from Irish to Bavarian."
+
+Lola did not have the field entirely to herself. While she was telling
+the St. James's Hall public how to improve their appearance at very
+small cost, a rival practitioner, with a _salon_ in Bond Street, was,
+in the advertisement columns of the morning papers, announcing her
+readiness to furnish the necessary requisites at a very high figure.
+This was a "Madame Rachel," some of whose dupes parted with as much as
+five hundred guineas, on the understanding that she would make them
+"Beautiful for ever!"
+
+Like Lola Montez, "Madame Rachel" brought out a puff pamphlet,
+directing attention to her specifics. This production beat the effort
+of the Rev. Chauncey Burr, for it bristled with references, to the
+Bible and Shakespeare, to Grace Darling and Florence Nightingale.
+Among her nostrums was a bottle of "Jordan Water," which she sold at
+the modest figure of L15 15s. a flask. Chemical analysis, however,
+revealed it to have come, not from Palestine, but from the River
+Thames. She also supplied, on extortionate terms, various drugs and
+"medical treatment" of a description upon which the Law frowns
+heavily. As a result, "Madame Rachel" left Bond Street for the dock of
+the Old Bailey, where she was sent to penal servitude for swindling.
+
+In the lecture on "Wits and Women of Paris," Lola did not forget her
+old friends. She had a good word for Dumas:
+
+     "Of the literary lights during my residence in Paris,
+     Alexandre Dumas was the first, as he would be in any city
+     anywhere. He was not only the boon companion of princes, but
+     he was the prince of boon companions. He is now about
+     fifty-five years old, a tall, fine-looking man, with
+     intellect stamped on his brow. Of all the men I ever met he
+     is the most brilliant in conversation. He is always sought
+     for at convivial suppers, and is always sure to attend
+     them."
+
+Discretion, perhaps, prevented her saying anything about Dujarier and
+the tragedy of his death. Still, she had something to say about Roger
+de Beauvoir, whom she declared to be "one of the three men that kept
+Paris alive when I was there." Her recollection of Jules Janin
+rankled. "He was," she said, "a malicious and caustic critic.
+Everybody feared him, and everybody was civil to him through fear. I
+do not know anyone (even his wife) who loves him in Paris." But Eugene
+Sue was in another category. "He was an honest, sincere, truth-loving
+man; and it will be long before Paris can fill the place which his
+death has made vacant."
+
+In the "Heroines of History" lecture the audience were told that "All
+history is full of startling examples of female heroism, proving that
+woman's heart is made of as stout a stuff and of as brave a metal as
+that which beats within the ribs of the coarser sex." But, feminist as
+she was, Lola had no sympathy with any suggestion to grant them the
+franchise. "Women who get together in conventions for the purpose of
+ousting men will never," she declared, "accomplish anything. They can
+effect legislation only by quiet and judicious counsel. These
+convention women are very poor politicians."
+
+The last lectures in the series dealt with "Comic Aspects of Love,"
+and "Strong-minded Women." Among the typical specimens offered for
+consideration were such diverse personalities as Semiramis, Queen
+Elizabeth, the Countess of Derby, George Sand, and Mrs. Bloomer. In
+the discourse on "The Comic Aspects of Love" the range swept from
+Aristotle and Plato to Mahomet and the Mormons. If the B.B.C. had been
+in existence, Lola would undoubtedly have been booked for a "talk." As
+it was, two of the lectures were reprinted in _The Welcome Guest_, "a
+magazine of recreative reading for all," with Robert Browning, Charles
+Kingsley and Monckton Milnes among its contributors. Thinking they had
+a market, an enterprising publisher rushed out a volume, _The Lectures
+of Lola Montez_. When a copy reached the editor, it was reviewed in
+characteristically elephantine fashion by the _Athenaeum_:
+
+     "We can imagine the untravelled dames of Fifth Avenue
+     listening with wonder to a female lecturer who seems to have
+     lived hand in glove with all the crowned heads of Europe;
+     and who can tell them, not only Who's-Who, but also repeat
+     their conversations, criticise their personal appearances,
+     and describe the secret arts by which the men preserve their
+     powers and the women their beauty."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVII
+
+THE CURTAIN FALLS
+
+
+I
+
+At the end of the year 1859, Lola, once more a bird of passage, was on
+the way back to America, taking with her some fresh material for
+another lecture campaign. This, entitled "John Bull at Home," fell
+very flat; and instead of, as hitherto, addressing crowded halls, she
+now found scanty gatherings wherever she was booked. Even when the
+charge of admission was reduced from the original figure of a dollar
+to one of 25 cents, "business" did not improve. Uncle Sam made it
+obvious that he took no sort of interest in John Bull, either at home
+or elsewhere.
+
+America, however, was, as it happened, taking a very lively interest
+in something else just then that did happen to be connected with John
+Bull's country. This was the visit of the Prince of Wales. It had been
+announced by an imaginative journalist that H.R.H. was to be "piloted"
+during his tour by John Camel Heenan, otherwise the "Benicia Boy." It
+was, however, under the more rigid tutelage of General Bruce that the
+distinguished guest landed on American shores. Mere prose not being
+adequate to record the historic incident a laureate set to work:
+
+      He came! A slender youth and fair!
+    A courtly, gentlemanly grace--the Grace of God!
+    The tenure of his mother's Throne, and great men's fame
+      Sat like a sparkling jewel on his brow.
+    Ah, Albert Edward! When you homeward sail
+    Take back with you, and treasure in your soul
+      A wholesome lesson which you here may learn!
+
+While he was in New York a ball in honour of the Prince was given at
+the Opera House by the "Committee of Welcome." This inspired a second
+laureate, Edmund Clarence Stedman:
+
+      But as ALBERT EDWARD, young and fair,
+      Stood on the canopied dais-chair,
+      And looked from the circle crowding there
+    To the length and breadth of the outer scene,
+    Perhaps he thought of his mother, the QUEEN:
+        (Long may her empery be serene!
+        Long may the Heir of England prove
+        Loyal and tender; may he pay
+        No less allegiance to her love
+        Than to the sceptre of her sway!)
+
+The visit of the Prince of Wales was not the only attraction
+challenging the popularity of Lola Montez at this period. There was
+another rival, and one in more direct competition with herself. This
+was Sam Cowell, a music-hall "star" from England. A comedian of
+genuine talent, he took America by storm with a couple of ballads,
+"The Rat-Catcher's Daughter" and "Villikins and his Dinah." The public
+flocked to hear him in their thousands. Lola's lectures fell very
+flat. Even fresh material and reduced prices failed to serve as a
+lure. The position was becoming serious.
+
+But, while her manager looked glum when he examined the box-office
+figures, Lola was not upset, for she had suddenly developed another
+activity, and one to which she was giving all her attention. This was
+the occult. The "Voices" at whose bidding she had abandoned the stage
+a couple of years earlier were now insistent that she should drop the
+platform; and, casting in her lot with the "Spirits," get into touch
+with a mysterious region vaguely referred to as "the Beyond."
+
+It was a time when spiritualism was flourishing like a green bay tree.
+Mrs. Hayden ("the wife of a respectable journalist") and the Fox
+Sisters had been playing their pranks for years and collecting dollars
+from dupes all over the country; and their rivals, the Davenport
+Brothers, with Daniel Dunglas Home (Browning's "Sludge, the Medium")
+were humbugging Harvard professors, financial magnates, and Supreme
+Court judges; and, not to be behindhand, other experts were (for a
+cash consideration) calling up Columbus and Shakespeare and Napoleon,
+who talked to them at seances as readily as if they were at the end of
+a telephone, but with pronounced American accents.
+
+[Illustration: _Countess of Landsfeld. A favourite portrait_
+
+(_Harvard Theatre Collection_)]
+
+Lola's first reaction was all that could be desired. There never was a
+more promising recruit or a more receptive one. Quite prepared to take
+the "Voices" on trust, and to contribute liberally to the "cause," she
+attended a number of psychic circles, arranged by Stephen Andrews and
+other charlatans; listened to mysterious rappings and tappings coming
+out of the darkness; felt inanimate objects being lifted across the
+room; heard tambourines rattled by invisible hands; and unquestionably
+swallowed all the traditional tomfoolery that appears to be part and
+parcel of such "phenomena."
+
+This state of things might have continued indefinitely. By, however,
+an unfortunate mischance, a "medium," from whom much was expected,
+went, in his endeavour to give satisfaction, a little too far. Not
+keeping a vigilant eye on European happenings, he announced at one
+such gathering that the "spirit" addressing the assembly was that of
+Ludwig of Bavaria. As, however, Ludwig was still in the land of the
+living (where, by the way, he remained for several years to come) it
+was a bad slip. The result was, Lola felt her faith shaken, and,
+convinced that she was being exploited, shut up her purse, and
+withdrew from the promised "guidance."
+
+
+II
+
+Under stress of emotion, some women take to the bottle; others to the
+Bible. With Lola Montez, however, it was a case of from Bunkum to
+Boanerges, from the circle to the conventicle. Spiritualism had been
+tried and found wanting. Casting about for something with which to
+fill the empty niche and adjust her equilibrium, she turned to
+religion for consolation. The brand she selected was that favoured by
+the Methodists. One would scarcely imagine that Little Bethel would
+have had much appeal to her. But perhaps its very drabness and
+remoteness from the world of the footlights proved a welcome relief.
+
+Having "got religion," Lola fastened upon it with characteristic
+fervour. It occupied all her thoughts; and in the process she soon
+developed what would now be dubbed a marked inferiority-complex.
+
+"Lord," she wrote at this period, "Thy mercies are great to me. Oh!
+how little are they deserved, filthy worm that I am! Oh! that the Holy
+Spirit may fill my soul with prayer! Lord, have mercy on Thy weary
+wanderer, and grant me all I beseech of Thee! Oh! give me a meek and
+lowly heart. Amen."
+
+A doctor, had she consulted one just then, would probably have
+prescribed a blue pill.
+
+There is a theory that the "Light" had been vouchsafed as the result
+of a chance visit to Spurgeon's Tabernacle when she was last in
+England. Although Spurgeon himself never put forward any such claim, a
+diary that Lola kept at the time has a significant entry:
+
+     LONDON,
+
+     _September 10, 1859._
+
+     How many, many years of my life have been sacrificed to
+     Satan and my own love of sin! What have I not been guilty of
+     in thought or deed during these years of wretchedness! Oh! I
+     dare not think of the past. What have I not been! I only
+     lived for my own passions; and what is there of good even in
+     the best natural human being! What would I not give to have
+     my terrible and fearful experience given as an awful warning
+     to such natures as my own!
+
+A week later, things not having improved during the interval, she took
+stock of her position in greater detail:
+
+     I am afraid sometimes that I think too well of myself. But
+     let me only look back to the past. Oh! how I am humbled....
+     How manifold are my sins, and how long in years have I lived
+     a life of evil passions without a check!
+
+     To-morrow (the Lord's Day) is the day of peace and
+     happiness. Once it seemed to me anything but a happy day.
+     But now all is wonderfully changed in my heart.... This week
+     I have principally sinned through hastiness of temper and
+     uncharitableness of feeling towards my neighbour. Oh! that I
+     could have only love for others and hatred of myself!
+
+Another passage ran:
+
+     To-morrow is Sunday, and I shall go into the poor little
+     humble chapel, and there will I mingle my prayers with the
+     fervent pastor, and with the good and true. There is no pomp
+     or ceremony among these. All is simple. No fine dresses, no
+     worldly display, but the honest Methodist breathes forth a
+     sincere prayer, and I feel much unity of souls.
+
+The "conversion" of Lola Montez was no flash in the pan, or the result
+of a sudden impulse. It was a real one, deep and sincere and lasting.
+Her former triumphs on the stage and in the boudoir had become as dust
+and ashes. Compared with her new-found joy in religion, all else was
+vanity and emptiness.
+
+"I can forget my French and German, and everything else I have
+valued," she is declared to have said to a pressman, who, scenting a
+"news story," followed hot-foot on her track, "but I cannot forget my
+Christ."
+
+She had been "Montez the Magnificent." Now she was "Montez the
+Magdalen." The woman whose voluptuous beauty and unbridled passion had
+upset thrones and fired the hearts of men was now concerned with the
+saving of souls. As such, she resolved to spread "the Word" among
+others less happily circumstanced. To this end, she preached in
+conventicles and visited hospitals, asylums, and prisons, offering a
+helping hand to all who would accept one, and especially to
+"unfortunates" of her own sex. She had her disappointments. But
+neither snubs nor setbacks, nor sneers nor jeers could turn her from
+the path she had elected to tread.
+
+"In the course of a long experience as a Christian minister," says a
+clergyman whom she encountered at this period, "I do not think I ever
+saw deeper penitence and humility, more real contrition of soul, and
+more bitter self-reproach than in this poor woman."
+
+"With," he adds, in an oleaginous little tract on the subject, "a
+heart full of generous sympathy for the poor outcasts of her own sex,
+she devoted the last few months of her life to visiting them at the
+Magdalen Asylum, near New York.... She strove to impress upon them not
+only the awful guilt of breaking the divine law, but the inevitable
+earthly sorrow which those who persisted with thoughtless desperation
+in sinful courses were assuredly treasuring up for themselves."
+
+But, except those who encountered her charity and self-sacrifice,
+there were few who had a good word for Lola Montez in her character as
+a Magdalen. People who had fawned upon her in the days of her success
+now jeered and sneered and affected to doubt the reality of her
+penitence. "Once a sinner, always a sinner," they declared; and "Lola
+in the pulpit is rich!" was another barbed shaft.
+
+In thus abandoning the buskin for the Bible, Lola Montez was following
+one example and setting another. The example she followed was that of
+Mlle Gautier, of the Comedie Francaise, who, after flashing across the
+horizon of Maurice de Saxe (and several others), left the footlights
+and retired to a convent. "It is true," she says in her memoirs, "that
+I have encountered during my theatrical career a number of people
+whose morals have been as irreproachable as their talents, but I
+myself was not among them." This was putting it--well--mildly, for,
+according to Le d'Hoefer, "her stage career was marked by a freedom
+of manner pushed to the extremity of licence."
+
+In the sisterhood that she joined the new name of Mlle Gautier was
+Sister Augustine. As such, she lived a Carmelite nun for thirty-two
+years. But time did not hang heavy on her hands, for, in addition to
+religious exercises and domestic tasks, she occupied herself with
+painting miniatures and composing verses. "I am so happy here," she
+wrote from her cell, "that I much regret having delayed too long
+entering this holy place. The real calm and peace I have now
+discovered have made me imagine all my previous life an evil dream."
+
+The example that Lola Montez was setting was to be followed, fifty
+years later, by another member of her calling. This was Eve
+Lavalliere, who, after a distinctly hectic career, cut herself adrift
+from the footlights of Paris and entered the mission-field of North
+Africa. "Here at your feet," she says in one of her letters, "lies the
+vilest, lowest, and most contemptible object on earth, a worm from the
+dung-heap, the most infamous, the most soiled of all creatures. Lord,
+I am but a poor sheep in your flock!"
+
+There is also something of a parallel between the career of Lola
+Montez and that of Theodora, who, once in the circus ring, and, at the
+start, a lady of decidedly easy virtue, afterwards became the consort
+of the Emperor Justinian and shared his throne. Like Lola, too,
+Theodora endeavoured to make amends for her early slips by voluntarily
+abandoning the pomp and power she had once enjoyed and giving herself
+up to the redemption of "fallen women."
+
+
+III
+
+Perhaps the "Spirits" resented being abandoned by her in summary
+fashion; perhaps she had overtaxed her energies addressing outdoor
+meetings in all weathers. At any rate, and whatever the cause, while
+she was travelling in the country during the winter of 1860, Lola
+Montez was suddenly stricken down by a mysterious illness. As it
+baffled the hospital doctors, she had to be taken back to New York.
+There, instead of getting better, she gradually got worse, developing
+consumption, followed by partial paralysis.
+
+"What a study for the thoughtless; what a sermon on the inevitable
+result of human vanity!" was the ghoulish comment of a scribbler.
+
+Rufus Blake, an entrepreneur, under whose banner she had once starred,
+has some reminiscences of her at this period. "She lived," he says,
+"in strict retirement, reading religious books, and steadily, calmly,
+hopefully preparing for death, fully convinced that consumption had
+snapped the pillars of her life and that she was soon to make her
+final exit."
+
+After an interval, word of Lola's collapse reached England by means of
+a cutting in a theatrical paper. There it appears to have touched a
+long slumbering maternal chord. "Mrs. Craigie," says a paragraphist,
+"suddenly arrived in America, anxious, as next of kin, to secure her
+daughter's property. On discovering, however, that none existed, she
+hurried back again, leaving behind her a sum of three pounds for
+medicine and other necessities."
+
+Cast off by her fair-weather friends, bereft of her looks,
+poverty-stricken, and ravaged by an insidious illness, the situation
+of Lola Montez was, during that winter of 1860, one to excite pity
+among the most severe of judges. Under duress, even her new found
+trust in Providence began to falter. Was prayer, she wondered
+forlornly, to fail her like everything else? Suddenly, however, and
+when things were at their darkest, a helping hand was offered. One
+bitter evening, as she sat brooding in the miserable lodging where she
+had secured temporary shelter, she was visited by a Mrs. Buchanan,
+claiming her as a friend of the long distant past. The years fell
+back; and, with an effort, Lola recognised in the visitor a girl, now
+a mature matron, whom she had last met in Montrose.
+
+The sympathy of Mrs. Buchanan, shared to the full by her husband, a
+prosperous merchant, was of a practical description. Although
+familiar with the many lapses in Lola's career, they counted for
+nothing beside the fact that she was in sore need. Bygones were
+bygones. Insisting that the stricken woman should leave her wretched
+surroundings, Mrs. Buchanan took her into her own well-appointed
+house, provided doctors and nurses, and did all that was possible to
+smooth her path. Deeply religious herself, she soon won back her
+faltering faith, and summoned a clergyman, the Rev. Dr. Hawks, to
+prepare her for the inevitable and rapidly approaching end.
+
+A smug little booklet, _The Story of a Penitent: Lola Montez_,
+published under the auspices of the "Protestant Society for the
+Promotion of Evangelical Knowledge," was afterwards written by this
+shepherd. Since his name did not appear on the title page, he was able
+to make several unctuous references to himself.
+
+"Most acceptable," he says in one characteristic passage, "were his
+ministrations. Refreshing, too, to his own spirit were his interviews
+with her."
+
+"It was," he continues, "in the latter part of 1860 that I received a
+message from the unhappy woman so well known to the public under the
+name of Lola Montez, earnestly requesting me to visit her and minister
+to her spiritual wants. She had been stricken down by a paralysis of
+her left side. For some days she was unconscious, and her death seemed
+to be at hand. She had, however, rallied, and a most benevolent
+Christian female, who had been her schoolmate in Scotland in the days
+of her girlhood, and knew her well, had stepped forward and provided
+for the temporal comfort of the afflicted companion of her childhood.
+The real name of Lola Montez was Eliza G., and she was of respectable
+family in Ireland, where she was born."
+
+But neither the Rev. Mr. Hawks, with his oiliness and smug piety, nor
+Mrs. Buchanan, with her true womanly sympathy and understanding, could
+bring Lola Montez back to health, any more than--for all their pills
+and purges--could the doctors and nurses round her bed. She lay there,
+day after day, aware of their presence, but unable to move or speak.
+Yet, able to think. Thoughts crowded upon her in a series of flashing
+pictures; a bewildering phantasmagoria, coming out of the shadows, and
+beckoning to her. Childhood's memories of India; hot suns, marching
+men, palanquins and elephants; Montrose and a dour Calvinism; Bath and
+Sir Jasper Nicolls; love's young dream; Lieutenant James and the
+runaway marriage in Dublin; another experience of India's coral
+strand; kind-hearted Captain Craigie and hard-hearted George Lennox;
+the Consistory Court proceedings; fiasco at Her Majesty's Theatre;
+Ranelagh and Lumley; _wanderjahre_ and odyssey; Paris and Dujarier;
+Ludwig and the steps of a throne; passion and poetry; intrigues and
+liaisons; Cornet Heald and Patrick Hull; voyages from the old world to
+the new; mining camps and backwoods; palaces and conventicles;
+glittering triumphs and abject failures. And now, gasping and
+struggling for breath, the end.
+
+The sands were running out. The days slipped away, and, with them, the
+last vitality of the woman who had once been so full of life and the
+joy of living.
+
+The doctors did what they could. But it was very little, for Lola
+Montez was beyond their help. The end was fast at hand. It came with
+merciful swiftness. On January 17, 1861, she turned her face to the
+wall and drew a last shuddering breath.
+
+"I am very tired," she whispered.
+
+The funeral took place two days later. "Accompanied by some of our
+most respected citizens and their families," says an eye-witness, "the
+cortege left the house of Mrs. Buchanan for Green-Wood cemetery."
+
+"The Rev. Dr. Hawks," adds a second account, "was constantly at the
+bedside of Lola Montez, and gave her the benefit of his pastoral care
+as freely as if she had been a member of his own flock. He conducted
+her obsequies in an impressive fashion; and Mr. Brown, his assistant,
+who had himself attended so many funerals and weddings in his day,
+was seen to wipe the tears from his eyes, as he heard the reverend
+gentleman remark to Mrs. Buchanan that he had never met with an
+example of more genuine penitence."
+
+"Is not this a brand plucked from the burning?" enquired the Rev. Mr.
+Hawks, as he stood addressing the company assembled round the grave.
+He himself was assured that the description was thoroughly applicable
+to the woman lying there.
+
+"I never saw," he declared, "a more humble penitent. When I prayed
+with her, nothing could exceed the fervour of her devotion; and never
+have I had a more watchful and attentive hearer when I read the
+Scriptures.... If ever a repentant soul loathed past sin, I believe
+hers did."
+
+Possibly, since it could scarcely have been Mrs. Buchanan, it was this
+clerical busybody who was responsible for the inscription on Lola's
+headstone:
+
+MRS. ELIZA GILBERT
+
+DIED
+
+JANUARY 17, 1861.
+
+An odd mask under which to shelter the identity of the gifted woman
+who, given in baptism the names Marie Dolores Eliza Rosanna, had
+flashed across three continents as Lola Montez, Countess of Landsfeld.
+
+[Illustration: _Grave of Lola Montez, in Green-wood Cemetery, New
+York_
+
+(_Photo by Miss Ida U. Mellen, New York_)]
+
+
+IV
+
+Misrepresented as she had been in her life, Lola Montez was even more
+misrepresented after her death. The breath was scarcely out of her
+body, when a flood of cowardly scurrilities was poured from the gutter
+press. Her good deeds were forgotten; only her derelictions were
+remembered.
+
+One such obituary notice began:
+
+     "A woman who, in the full light of the nineteenth century,
+     renewed all the scandals that disgraced the Middle Ages,
+     and, with an audacity that is almost unparalleled, seated
+     herself upon the steps of a throne, is worthy of mention; if
+     only to show to what extent vice can sometimes triumph, and
+     to what a fall it can eventually come."
+
+An editorial, which was published in one of the New York papers,
+contained some odd passages:
+
+     "Among the most ardent admirers of Lola Montez was a young
+     Scotsman, a member of the illustrious house of Lennox, who
+     was with difficulty restrained by his family from offering
+     her his hand. In London the deceased led a gay life, being
+     courted by the Earl of Malmesbury and other distinguished
+     noblemen. Wherever she went, she was the observed of all
+     observers, conquering the hearts of men of all countries by
+     her beauty and blandishments, and their admiration by her
+     unflinching independence of character and superior
+     intellectual endowments."
+
+The death of Lola Montez did not pass without comment in England. The
+_Athenaeum_ necrologist accorded her half a column of obituary, in
+which she was described as "this pretty, picaroon woman, whose name
+can never be omitted from any chronicle of Bavaria."
+
+A Grub Street hack, employed by the curiously named _Gentleman's
+Magazine_, slung together a column of abuse and lies, founded on
+tap-room gossip:
+
+     "When not yet sixteen, she ran away from a school near Cork
+     with a young officer of the Bengal Army, Lieutenant Gilbert
+     (_sic_), who married her and took her to India. In
+     consequence of her bad conduct there, he was soon obliged to
+     send her back to Europe. She first tried the stage as a
+     profession, but, failing at it, she eventually adopted a
+     career of infamy."
+
+A writer in _Temple Bar_ has endeavoured, and, on the whole, with fair
+measure of success, to preserve the balance:
+
+     "With more of the good and more of the evil in her
+     composition than in that of most of her sisters, Lola Montez
+     made a wreck of her life by giving reins to the latter; and
+     she stands out as a prominent example of the impossibility
+     of a woman breaking away from the responsibilities of her
+     sex with any permanent gain, either to herself or to
+     society. Her passionate, enthusiastic and loving nature was
+     her strength which, by fascinating all who came into contact
+     with her, was also her weakness."
+
+Cameron Rogers, writing on "Gay and Gallant Ladies," sums up the
+career of Lola Montez in deft fashion:
+
+     "Thus passed one who has been called the Cleopatra and the
+     Aspasia of the nineteenth century. A very gallant and
+     courageous lady, certainly; and, though she used her beauty
+     and her mind not in accordance with the Decalogue, yet
+     worthy to be remembered as much for the excellent vigour of
+     the latter as for the perfection of the former. Individual
+     damnation or salvation in such a case as hers are matters of
+     strict opinion; but for Lola's brief to the last judgment
+     there is an ancient tag that might never be more aptly
+     appended. Like the moral of her life, it is exceedingly
+     trite--_Quia multum amavit._"
+
+This is well put.
+
+
+V
+
+Even after she was in it, and might, one would think, have been left
+there in peace, the dead woman was not allowed to rest quietly in her
+grave. Some years later her mantle was impudently assumed by an
+alleged actress, who, dubbing herself "Countess of Landsfeld,"
+undertook a lecture tour in America. If she had no other gift, this
+one certainly had that of imagination. "I was born," she said to a
+reporter, "in Florence, and my mother, Lola Montez, was really married
+to the King Ludwig of Bavaria. This marriage was strictly valid, and
+my mother's title of countess was afterwards conferred on myself. The
+earliest recollections I have are of being brought up by some nuns in
+a convent in the Black Forest. But for the help of the good Dr.
+Doellinger, who assisted me to escape, I should still have been kept
+there, a victim of political interests."
+
+This nonsense was eagerly swallowed; and for some time the
+pseudo-"Countess" attracted a following and reaped a rich harvest. It
+was not until diplomatic representations were made that her career was
+checked.
+
+On Christmas Day, 1898, a New York obituary announced the death of a
+woman, Alice Devereux, the wife of a carpenter in poor circumstances.
+It further declared that she was the "daughter of the notorious Lola
+Montez, and may well have been the grand-daughter of Lord Byron." To
+this it added: "Society has maintained a studious and charitable
+reserve as to the parentage of Lola Montez. All that is definitely
+known on the subject is that a fox-hunting Irish squire, Sir Edward
+Gilbert, was the husband of her mother." Thus is "history" written.
+
+Nor would the "Spirits" leave poor Lola in peace. In the year 1888 a
+woman "medium," calling herself Madam Anna O'Delia Diss DeBar (but,
+under pressure, admitting to several _aliases_) claimed to be a
+daughter of Lola Montez. As such, she conducted a number of seances,
+and, in return for cash down, evoked the spirit of her alleged mother.
+Some of the cash was extracted from the pocket of a credulous lawyer,
+one Luther Marsh. Thinking he had not had fair value for his dollars,
+he eventually prosecuted Madam for fraud, and had her sent to prison.
+
+She was not disturbed again until the winter of 1929, when an Austrian
+"medium," Rudi Schneider, with, to adopt the jargon of his craft, a
+"trance-personality" called Olga (who professed to be an incarnation
+of Lola Montez), gave some seances in London. The extinguishing of the
+lights and the wheezing of a gramophone were followed by the usual
+"manifestations." Thus, curtains flapped, books fell off chairs,
+tambourines rattled in locked cupboards, and bells jangled, etc. But
+Lola Montez herself was too bashful to appear. None the less, a number
+of "scientists" (all un-named) afterwards announced that "everything
+was very satisfactory."
+
+Thinking that these claims to get into touch with the dead should be
+subjected to a more adequate test, Mr. Harry Price, director of the
+National Laboratory of Psychical Research, arranged for Rudi
+Schneider to give a sample of his powers to a committee of experts. As
+a convincing test, Major Hervey de Montmorency (a nephew of the Mr.
+Francis Leigh with whom Lola had once lived in Paris) suggested that
+the accomplished "Olga" should be asked the name of his uncle (which
+was different from his own) and the circumstances under which they had
+parted. This was done, and "Olga" promised to give full details at the
+next sitting. But the promise was not kept. "She conveniently shelved
+every question," says the official report. Altogether, Rudi
+Schneider's stock fell.
+
+
+VI
+
+The body of Lola Montez, Countess of Landsfeld, and Canoness of the
+Order of St. Therese, has now been crumbling in the dust of a distant
+grave, far from her own kith and kindred, for upwards of seventy
+years. Her name, however, will still be remembered when that of other
+women who have filled a niche in history will have been forgotten.
+
+Lola Montez was no common adventuress. By her beauty and intelligence
+and magnetism she weaved a spell on well nigh all who came within her
+radius. Never any member of her sex quite like this one. Had she been
+born in the Middle Ages, superstition would have had it that Venus
+herself was revisiting the haunts of men in fresh guise. But she would
+then probably have perished at the stake, accused of witchcraft by her
+political opponents. As it was, even in the year 1848 a sovereign
+demanded that a professional exorcist should "drive the devil out of
+her."
+
+To present Lola Montez at her true worth, to adjust the balance
+between her merits and her demerits, is a difficult task. A woman of a
+hundred opposing facets; of rare culture and charm, and of whims and
+fancies and strange enthusiasms each battling with the other. Thus, by
+turns tender and callous, hot-tempered and soft-hearted; childishly
+simple in some things, and amazingly shrewd in others; trusting and
+suspicious; arrogant and humble, yet supremely indifferent to public
+opinion; grateful for kindness and loyal to her friends, but neither
+forgetting nor forgiving an injury. Men had treated her worse than she
+had treated them.
+
+For the rest, a flashing, vivid personality, full of resource and high
+courage, and always meeting hard knocks and buffets with equanimity.
+Lola Montez had lived every moment of her life. In the course of their
+career, few women could have cut a wider swath, or one more colourful
+and glamorous. She had beauty and intelligence much above the average.
+All the world had been her stage; and she had played many parts on it.
+Some of them she had played better than others; but all of them she
+had played with distinction. She had boxed the compass as no woman had
+ever yet boxed it. From adventuress to evangelist; coryphee,
+courtesan, and convert, each in turn. At the start a mixture of
+Cleopatra and Aspasia; and at the finish a feminine Pelagian. Equally
+at home in the company of princes and poets and diplomats and
+demireps, during the twenty years she was before the public she had
+scaled heights and sunk to depths. Thus, she had queened it in palaces
+and in camps; danced in opera houses and acted in booths; she had bent
+monarchs and politicians to her will; she had stood on the steps of a
+throne, and in the curb of a gutter; she had known pomp and power,
+riches and poverty, dazzling successes and abject failures; she had
+conducted amours and liaisons and intrigues by the dozen; she had made
+history in two hemispheres; a king had given up his crown for her; men
+had lived for her; and men had died for her.
+
+As with the rest of us, Lola Montez had her faults. Full measure of
+them. But she also had her virtues. She was gallant and generous and
+charitable. At the worst, her heart ruled her head; and if she did
+many a foolish thing, she never did a mean one.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In the final analysis, when the last balance is struck, this will
+surely be placed to her credit.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX I
+
+EXTRACTS FROM "ARTS OF BEAUTY"
+
+BY MADAME LOLA MONTEZ,
+
+COUNTESS OF LANDSFELD
+
+
+A BEAUTIFUL FACE
+
+If it be true "that the face is the index of the mind," the recipe for
+a beautiful face must be something that reaches the soul. What can be
+done for a human face that has a sluggish, sullen, arrogant, angry
+mind looking out of every feature? An habitually ill-natured,
+discontented mind ploughs the face with inevitable marks of its own
+vice. However well shaped, or however bright its complexion, no such
+face can ever become really beautiful. If a woman's soul is without
+cultivation, without taste, without refinement, without the sweetness
+of a happy mind, not all the mysteries of art can ever make her face
+beautiful. And, on the other hand, it is impossible to dim the
+brightness of an elegant and polished intellect. The radiance of a
+charming mind strikes through all deformity of features, and still
+asserts its sway over the world of the affections. It has been my
+privilege to see the most celebrated beauties that shine in all the
+gilded courts of fashion throughout the world, from St. James's to St.
+Petersburgh, from Paris to Hindostan, and yet I have found no art
+which can atone for an unpolished mind, and an unlovely heart. That
+chastened and delightful activity of soul, that spiritual energy which
+gives animation, grace, and living light to the animal frame, is,
+after all, the real source of beauty in a woman. It is _that_ which
+gives eloquence to the language of her eyes, which sends the sweetest
+vermilion mantling to the cheek, and lights up the whole _personnel_
+as if her very body thought. That, ladies, is the ensign of beauty,
+and the herald of charms, which are sure to fill the beholder with
+answering emotion and irrepressible delight.
+
+
+PAINTS AND POWDERS
+
+If Satan has ever had any direct agency in inducing woman to spoil or
+deform her own beauty, it must have been in tempting her to use
+_paints_ and _enamelling_. Nothing so effectually writes _memento
+mori!_ on the cheek of beauty as this ridiculous and culpable
+practice. Ladies ought to know that it is a sure spoiler of the skin,
+and good taste ought to teach them that it is a frightful distorter
+and deformer of the natural beauty of the "human face divine." The
+greatest charm of beauty is in the _expression_ of a lovely face; in
+those divine flashes of joy, and good-nature, and love, which beam in
+the human countenance. But what expression can there be in a face
+bedaubed with white paint and enamelled? No flush of pleasure, no
+thrill of hope, no light of love can shine through the incrusted
+mould. Her face is as expressionless as that of a painted mummy. And
+let no woman imagine that the men do not readily detect this poisonous
+mask upon the skin. Many a time have I seen a gentleman shrink from
+saluting a brilliant lady, as though it was a death's head he were
+compelled to kiss. The secret was that her face and lips were bedaubed
+with paints.
+
+A violently rouged woman is a disgusting sight. The excessive red on
+the face gives a coarseness to every feature, and a general fierceness
+to the countenance, which transforms the elegant lady of fashion into
+a vulgar harridan. But, in no case, can even _rouge_ be used by ladies
+who have passed the age of life when roses are natural to the cheek. A
+_rouged_ old woman is a horrible sight--a distortion of nature's
+harmony!
+
+Paints are not only destructive to the skin, but they are ruinous to
+the health. I have known paralytic affections and premature death to
+be traced to their use. But alas! I am afraid that there never was a
+time when many of the gay and fashionable of my sex did not make
+themselves both contemptible and ridiculous by this disgusting trick.
+
+Let every woman at once understand that paint can do nothing for the
+mouth and lips. The advantage gained by the artificial red is a
+thousand times more than lost by the sure destruction of that delicate
+charm associated with the idea of "nature's dewy lip." There can be no
+_dew_ on a painted lip. And there is no man who does not shrink back
+with disgust from the idea of kissing a pair of painted lips. Nor let
+any woman deceive herself with the idea that the men do not instantly
+detect paint on the lips.
+
+
+A BEAUTIFUL BOSOM
+
+I am aware that this is a subject which must be handled with great
+delicacy; but my book would be incomplete without some notice of this
+"greatest claim of lovely woman." And, besides, it is undoubtedly true
+that a proper discussion of this subject will seem _peculiar_ only to
+the most vulgar minded of both sexes. If it be true, as the old poet
+sung, that
+
+    "Heaven rests on those two heaving hills of snow,"
+
+why should not a woman be suitably instructed in the right management
+of such extraordinary charms?
+
+The first thing to be impressed upon the mind of a lady is that very
+low-necked dresses are in exceeding bad taste, and are quite sure to
+leave upon the mind of a gentleman an equivocal idea, to say the
+least. A word to the wise on this subject is sufficient. If a young
+lady has no father, or brother, or husband to direct her taste in this
+matter, she will do well to sit down and commit the above statement to
+memory. It is a charm which a woman, who understands herself, will
+leave not to the public eye of man, but to his imagination. She knows
+that _modesty_ is the divine spell that binds the heart of man to her
+forever. But my observation has taught me that few women are well
+informed as to the physical management of this part of their bodies.
+The bosom, which nature has formed with exquisite symmetry in itself,
+and admirable adaptation to the parts of the figure to which it is
+united, is often transformed into a shape, and transplanted to a place
+which deprives it of its original beauty and harmony with the rest of
+the person. This deforming metamorphosis is effected by means of stiff
+stays, or corsets, which force the part out of its natural position,
+and destroy the natural tension and firmness in which so much of its
+beauty consists. A young lady should be instructed that she is not to
+allow even her own hand to press it too roughly. But, above all
+things, to avoid, especially when young, the constant pressure of such
+hard substances as whalebone and steel; for, besides the destruction
+to beauty, they are liable to produce all the terrible consequences of
+abscesses and cancers. Even the padding which ladies use to give a
+full appearance, where there is a deficient bosom, is sure in a little
+time to entirely destroy all the natural beauty of the parts. As soon
+as it becomes apparent that the bosom lacks the rounded fullness due
+to the rest of her form, instead of trying to repair the deficiency
+with artificial padding, it should be clothed as loosely as possible,
+so as to avoid the least artificial pressure. Not only its growth is
+stopped, but its complexion is spoiled by these tricks. Let the growth
+of this beautiful part be left as unconfined as the young cedar, or as
+the lily of the field.
+
+
+BEAUTY OF DEPORTMENT
+
+It is essential that every lady should understand that the most
+beautiful and well-dressed woman will fail to be _charming_ unless all
+her other attractions are set off with a graceful and fascinating
+deportment. A pretty face may be seen everywhere, beautiful and
+gorgeous dresses are common enough, but how seldom do we meet with a
+really beautiful and enchanting demeanour! It was this charm of
+deportment which suggested to the French cardinal the expression of
+"the native paradise of angels." The first thing to be said on the art
+of deportment is that what is becoming at one age would be most
+improper and ridiculous at another. For a young girl, for instance, to
+sit as grave and stiff as "her grandmother cut in alabaster" would be
+ridiculous enough, but not so much so, as for an old woman to assume
+the romping merriment of girlhood. She would deservedly draw only
+contempt and laughter upon herself.
+
+Indeed a modest mien always makes a woman charming. Modesty is to
+woman what the mantle of green is to nature--its ornament and highest
+beauty. What a miracle-working charm there is in a blush--what
+softness and majesty in natural _simplicity_, without which pomp is
+contemptible, and elegance itself ungraceful.
+
+There can be no doubt that the highest incitement to love is in
+modesty. So well do wise women of the world know this, that they take
+infinite pains to learn to wear the semblance of it, with the same
+tact, and with the same motive that they array themselves in
+attractive apparel. They have taken a lesson from Sir Joshua Reynolds,
+who says: "men are like certain animals who will feed only when there
+is but little provender, and that got at with difficulty through the
+bars of a rack; but refuse to touch it when there is an abundance
+before them." It is certainly important that all women should
+understand this; and it is no more than fair that they should practise
+upon it, since men always treat them with disingenuous untruthfulness
+in this matter. Men may amuse themselves with a noisy, loud-laughing,
+loquacious girl; it is the quiet, subdued, modest, and seeming bashful
+deportment which is the one that stands the fairest chance of carrying
+off their hearts.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX II
+
+EXTRACTS FROM "LOLA MONTEZ' LECTURES"
+
+
+BEAUTIFUL WOMEN
+
+The last and most difficult office imposed on Psyche was to descend to
+the lower regions and bring back a portion of Proserpine's beauty in a
+box. The too inquisitive goddess, impelled by curiosity or perhaps by
+a desire to add to her own charms, raised the lid, and behold there
+issued forth--a vapour I which was all there was of that wondrous
+beauty.
+
+In attempting to give a definition of beauty, I have painfully felt
+the force of this classic parable. If I settle upon a standard of
+beauty in Paris, I find it will not do when I get to Constantinople.
+Personal qualities, the most opposite imaginable, are each looked upon
+as beautiful in different countries, and even by different people of
+the same country. That which is deformity in New York may be beauty in
+Pekin. At one place the sighing lover sees "Helen" in an Egyptian
+brow. In China, black teeth, painted eyelids, and plucked eyebrows are
+beautiful; and should a woman's feet be large enough to walk upon,
+their owners are looked upon as monsters of ugliness.
+
+With the modern Greeks and other nations on the shores of the
+Mediterranean, corpulency is the perfection of form in a woman; the
+very attributes which disgust the western European form the highest
+attractions of an Oriental fair. It was from the common and admired
+shape of his countrywomen that Reubens, in his pictures, delights in a
+vulgar and almost odious plumpness. He seems to have no idea of beauty
+under two hundred pounds. His very Graces are all fat.
+
+Hair is a beautiful ornament of woman, but it has always been a
+disputed point as to what colour it shall be. I believe that most
+people nowadays look upon a red head with disfavour--but in the times
+of Queen Elizabeth it was in fashion. Mary of Scotland, though she had
+exquisite hair of her own, wore red fronts out of compliment to
+fashion and the red-headed Queen of England.
+
+That famous beauty, Cleopatra, was red-haired also; and the Venetian
+ladies to this day counterfeit yellow hair.
+
+Yellow hair has a higher authority still. THE ORDER OF THE GOLDEN
+FLEECE, instituted by Philip, Duke of Burgundy, was in honour of a
+frail beauty whose hair was yellow.
+
+So, ladies and gentlemen, this thing of beauty which I come to talk
+about, has a somewhat migratory and fickle standard of its own. All
+the lovers of the world will have their own idea of the thing in spite
+of me.
+
+But where are we to detect this especial source of power? Often
+forsooth in a dimple, sometimes beneath the shade of an eyelid or
+perhaps among the tresses of a little fantastic curl!
+
+I once knew a nobleman who used to try to make himself wise, and to
+emancipate his heart from its thraldom to a celebrated beauty of the
+court, by continually repeating to himself: "But it is short-lived,"
+"It won't last--it won't last!"
+
+Ah, me! that is too true--it won't last. Beauty has its date, and it
+is the penalty of nature that girls must fade and become wizened as
+their grandmothers have done before them.
+
+In teaching a young lady to dress elegantly we must first impress upon
+her mind that symmetry of figure ought ever to be accompanied by
+harmony of dress, and that there is a certain propriety in habiliment,
+adapted to form, complexion, and age. To preserve the health of the
+human form is the first object of consideration, for without that you
+can neither maintain its symmetry nor improve its beauty. But the
+foundation of a just proportion must be laid in infancy. "As the twig
+is bent the tree's inclined." A light dress, which gives freedom to
+the functions of life, is indispensable to an unobstructed growth. If
+the young fibres are uninterrupted by obstacles of art, they will
+shoot harmoniously into the form which nature drew. The garb of
+childhood should in all respects be easy--not to impede its movements
+by ligatures on the chest, the loins, the legs, or the arms. By this
+liberty we shall see the muscles of the limbs gradually assume the
+fine swell and insertion which only unconstrained exercise can
+produce. The chest will sway gracefully on the firmly poised waist,
+swelling in noble and healthy expanse, and the whole figure will start
+forward at the blooming age of youth, and early ripen to the maturity
+of beauty.
+
+The lovely form of women, thus educated, or rather thus left to its
+natural growth, assumes a variety of charming characters. In one
+youthful figure, we see the lineaments of a wood nymph, a form slight
+and elastic in all its parts. The shape:
+
+    "Small by degrees, and beautifully less,
+    From the soft bosom to the slender waist!"
+
+A foot as light as that of her whose flying step scarcely brushed the
+"unbending corn," and limbs whose agile grace moved in harmony with
+the curves of her swan-like neck, and the beams of her sparkling eyes.
+
+To repair these ravages, comes the aid of padding to give shape where
+there is none, stays to compress into form the swelling chaos of
+flesh, and paints of all hues to rectify the dingy complexion; but
+useless are these attempts--for, if dissipation, late hours,
+immoderation, and carelessness have wrecked the loveliness of female
+charms, it is not in the power of Esculapius himself to refit the
+shattered bark, or of the Syrens, with all their songs and wiles, to
+save its battered sides from the rocks, and make it ride the sea in
+gallant trim again. The fair lady who cannot so moderate her pursuit
+of pleasure that the feast, the midnight hour, the dance, shall not
+recur too frequently, must relinquish the hope of preserving her
+charms till the time of nature's own decay. After this moderation in
+the indulgence of pleasure, the next specific for the preservation of
+beauty which I shall give, is that of gentle and daily exercise in the
+open air. Nature teaches us, in the gambols and sportiveness of the
+lower animals, that bodily exertion is necessary for the growth,
+vigour, and symmetry of the animal frame; while the too studious
+scholar and the indolent man of luxury exhibit in themselves the
+pernicious consequences of the want of exercise.
+
+Many a rich lady would give thousands of dollars for that full rounded
+arm, and that peach bloom on the cheek, possessed by her kitchen-maid.
+Well, might she not have had both, by the same amount of exercise and
+simple living?
+
+But I weary of this subject of cosmetics, as every woman of sense will
+at last weary of the use of them. It is a lesson which is sure to
+come; but, in the lives of most fashionable ladies, it has small
+chance of being needed until that unmentionable time, when men shall
+cease to make baubles and playthings of them. It takes most women
+two-thirds of their lifetime to discover that men may be amused by,
+without respecting, them; and every woman may make up her mind that to
+be really respected she must possess merit; she must have
+accomplishments of mind and heart, and there can be no real beauty
+without these. If the soul is without cultivation, without refinement,
+without taste, without the sweetness of affection, not all the
+mysteries of art can make the face beautiful; and, on the other hand,
+it is impossible to dim the brightness of an elegant and polished
+mind; its radiance strikes through the encasements of deformity, and
+asserts its sway over the world of the affections.
+
+
+GALLANTRY
+
+A history of the beginning of the reign of gallantry would carry us
+back to the creation of the world; for I believe that about the first
+thing that man began to do after he was created, was to make love to
+woman.
+
+There was no discussion, then, about "woman's rights," or "woman's
+influence"--woman had whatever her soul desired, and her will was the
+watchword for battle or peace. Love was as marked a feature in the
+chivalric character as valour; and he who understood how to break a
+lance, and did not understand how to win a lady, was held to be but
+half a man. He fought to gain her smiles--he lived to be worthy of her
+love.
+
+In those days, to be "a servant of the ladies" was no mere figure of
+the imagination--and to be in love was no idle pastime; but to be
+profoundly, furiously, almost ridiculously in earnest. In the mind of
+the cavalier, woman was a being of mystic power. As in the old forests
+of Germany, she had been listened to like a spirit of the woods,
+melodious, solemn and oracular. So when chivalry became an
+institution, the same idea of something supernaturally beautiful in
+her character threw a shadow over her life, and she was not only loved
+but revered. And never were men more constant to their fair ladies
+than in the proudest days of chivalry.
+
+There is no such thing as genuine gallantry either in France or
+England. In France the relation between the sexes is too fickle,
+variable, and insincere, for any nearer approach to gallantry than
+flirtation; while in England the aristocracy, which is the only class
+in that country that could have the genuine feeling of gallantry, are
+turned shop-owners and tradesmen. The Smiths and the Joneses who
+figure on the signboards have the nobility standing behind them as
+silent partners. The business habits of the United States and the
+examples of rapid fortunes in this country have quite turned the head
+of John Bull, and he is very fast becoming a sharp, thrifty,
+money-getting Yankee. A business and commercial people have no leisure
+for the cultivation of that feeling and romance which is the
+foundation of gallantry. The activities of human nature seek other
+more practical and more useful channels of excitement. Instead of
+devoting a life to the worship and service of the fair ladies, they
+are building telegraphs, railroads, steamboats, constructing schemes
+of finance, and enlarging the area of practical civilization.
+
+
+HEROINES OF HISTORY
+
+In attempting to give a definition of strong-minded women, I find it
+necessary to distinguish between just ideas of strength and what is so
+considered by the modern woman's rights' movement.
+
+A very estimable woman by the name of Mrs. Bloomer obtained the
+reputation of being strong-minded by curtailing her skirts six inches,
+a compliment which certainly excites no envious feeling in my heart;
+for I am philosophically puzzled to know how cutting six inches off a
+woman's dress can possibly add anything to the height of her head.
+
+One or two hundred women getting together in convention and resolving
+that they are an abused community, and that all the men are great
+tyrants and rascals, proves plainly enough that they--the women--are
+somehow discontented, and that they have, perhaps, a certain amount of
+courage, but I cannot see that it proves them to have any remarkable
+strength of mind.
+
+Really strong-minded women are not women of words, but of deeds; not
+of resolutions, but of actions. History does not teach me that they
+have ever consumed much time in conventions and in passing resolutions
+about their rights; but they have been very prompt to assert their
+rights, and to defend them too, and to take the consequences of
+defeat.
+
+Thus all history is full of startling examples of female heroism,
+which prove that woman's heart is made of as stout a stuff and of as
+brave a mettle as that which beats within the ribs of the coarser sex.
+And if we were permitted to descend from this high plane of public
+history into the private homes of the world, in which sex, think you,
+should we there find the purest spirit of heroism? Who suffers sorrow
+and pain with the most heroism of heart? Who, in the midst of poverty,
+neglect and crushing despair, holds on most bravely through the
+terrible struggle, and never yields even to the fearful demands of
+necessity until death wrests the last weapon of defence from her
+hands? Ah, if all this unwritten heroism of woman could be brought to
+the light, even man himself would cast his proud wreath of fame at her
+feet!
+
+Rousseau asserts that "all great revolutions were owing to women." The
+French Revolution, the last great and stirring event upon which the
+world looks back, arose, as Burke ill-naturedly expresses it, "amidst
+the yells and violence of women." We accept the compliment which Burke
+here pays to the power of woman, and attribute the coarseness of his
+language to the bitter repugnance which every Englishman of that day
+had to everything that was French. No, Mr. Burke, it was not by "yells
+and violence" that the great women of France helped on that mighty
+revolution--it was by the combined power of intellect and beauty. Nor
+will women who get together in conventions for the purpose of berating
+men, ever accomplish anything. They can effect legislation only by
+quiet and judicious counsel, with such means as control the judgment
+and the heart of legislators. And the experience of the world has
+pretty well proved that a man's judgment is pretty easily controlled
+when his heart is once persuaded.
+
+
+COMIC ASPECT OF LOVE
+
+My subject to-night is the comic aspect of love. No doubt most of you
+have had some little experience, at least in the sentimental and
+sighing side of the tender passion; and what I propose to do is to
+give you the humorous or comic side. Perhaps I ought to begin by
+begging pardon of the ladies for treating so sacred a thing as love in
+a comic way, or for turning the ludicrous side of so charming a thing
+as they find love to be, to the gaze of men--but I wish to premise
+that I shall not so treat sensible or rational love. Of that beautiful
+feeling, less warm than passion, yet more tender than friendship, I
+shall not for a moment speak irreverently; of that pure disinterested
+affection--as charming as it is reasonable, which one sex feels for
+the other, I cannot speak lightly. But there is a certain romantic
+senseless kind of love, such as poets sometimes celebrate, and men
+and women feign, which is a legitimate target for ridicule. This kind
+of love is fanciful and foolish; it is not the offspring of the heart,
+but of the imagination. I know that generous deeds and contempt of
+death have sometimes covered this folly with a veil. The arts have
+twined for it a fantastic wreath, and the Muses have decked it with
+the sweetest flowers: but this makes it none the less ridiculous nor
+dangerous. Love of this romantic sort is an abstraction much too light
+and subtle to sustain a tangible existence in the midst of the
+jostling relations of this busy world. It is a mere bubble thrown to
+the surface by the passions and fancies of men, and soon breaks by
+contact with the hard facts of daily life. It is a thing which bears
+but little handling. The German Wieland, who was a great disciple of
+love, was of opinion that "its metaphysical effects began with the
+first sigh, and ended with the first kiss!" Plato was not far out of
+the way when he called it "a great devil"; and the man or woman who is
+really possessed of it will find it a very hard one to cast out.
+
+Of the refinements of love the great mass of men can know nothing. The
+truth is that sentimental love is so much a matter of the imagination
+that the uncultivated have no natural field for its display. In
+America you can hardly realise the full force of this truth, because
+the distinctions of class are happily nearly obliterated. Here
+intellectual culture seems to be about equally divided among all
+classes. I suppose it is not singular in this country to find the
+poorest cobbler, whose little shanty is next to the proud mansion of
+some millionaire, a man of really more mental attainments than his
+rich and haughty neighbour; in which case the millionaire will do well
+to look to it that the cobbler does not make love to his wife; and if
+he does, nobody need care much, for the millionaire will be quite sure
+to reciprocate.
+
+The great statute, "tit-for-tat," is, I believe, equally the law of
+all nations; besides, love is a great leveller of distinction, and it
+is in this levelling mission that it performs some of its most
+ridiculous antics. When a rich man's daughter runs off with her
+father's coachman, as occasionally happens, the whole country is in a
+roar of laughter about it. There is an innate, popular perception of
+the ridiculous, but everybody sees and feels that in such cases it is
+misplaced and grotesque. Everyone perceives that the woman's heart has
+taken the bit in its mouth, and run away with her brains. But, as
+comedy is often nearly allied to tragedy, so sorrow is sure to come as
+soon as the little honeymoon is over. This romantic love cannot
+flourish in the soil of poverty and want. Indeed, all the stimulants
+which pride and luxury can administer to it can hardly keep it alive.
+The rich miss who runs away with a man far beneath her in education
+and refinement must inevitably awake, after a brief dream, to a state
+of things which have made her unfortunate for life; and he, poor man,
+will not be less wretched, unless she has brought him sufficient money
+to give him leisure and opportunity to indulge his fancies with that
+society which is on a level with his own tastes and education.
+
+
+WITS AND WOMEN OF PARIS
+
+The French wits tell a laughable story of an untravelled Englishman
+who, on landing at Calais, was received by a sulky red-haired hostess,
+when he instantly wrote down in his note-book: "All French women are
+sulky and red-haired."
+
+We never heard whether this Englishman afterwards corrected his first
+impressions of French women, but quite likely he never did, for there
+is nothing so difficult on earth as for an Englishman to get over
+first impressions, and especially is this the case in relation to
+everything in France. An aristocratic Englishman may live years in
+Paris without really knowing anything about it. In the first place, he
+goes there with letters of introduction to the Faubourg St. Germain,
+where he finds only the fossil remains of the old _noblesse_,
+intermixed with a slight proportion of the actual intelligence of the
+country, and here he moves round in the stagnant circles of historical
+France, and it is a wonder if he gets so much as a glimpse of the
+living progressive Paris. There is nothing on earth, unless it be a
+three-thousand-year-old mummy, that is so grim and stiff and
+shrivelled, as the pure old French nobility. France is at present the
+possessor of three separate and opposing nobilities. First, there is
+the nobility of the Empire, the Napoleonic nobility, which is based on
+military and civil genius; second, there is the Orleans nobility, the
+family of the late Louis-Philippe, represented in the person of the
+young Comte de Paris; third, the Legitimists, or the old aristocracy
+of the Bourbon stock, represented in the person of Henry V, Duc de
+Bordeaux, now some fifty years old, and laid snugly away in exile in
+Italy.
+
+No description which I can give can convey a just idea of the
+fascination of society among such wits as Dejazet; and nowhere do you
+find that kind of society so complete as in Paris. Nowhere else do you
+find so many women of wit and genius mingling in the assemblies and
+festive occasions of literary men; and I may add that in no part of
+the world is literary society so refined, so brilliant, and charmingly
+intellectual as in Paris. It is a great contrast to literary society
+in London or America. Listen to the following confession of Lord
+Byron: "I have left an assembly filled with all the great names of
+_haut-ton_ in London, and where little but names were to be found, to
+seek relief from the _ennui_ that overpowered me, in a cider cellar!
+and have found there more food for speculation than in the vapid
+circles of glittering dullness I had left."
+
+One of the most remarkable and the most noted persons to be met with
+in Paris is Madame Dudevant, commonly known as Georges Sand. She is
+now about fifty years of age (it is no crime to speak of the age of a
+woman of her genius), a large, masculine, coarse-featured woman, but
+with fine eyes, and open, easy, frank, and hearty in her manner to
+friends. To a discerning mind her writings will convey a correct idea
+of the woman. You meet her everywhere dressed in men's clothes--a
+custom which she adopts from no mere caprice or waywardness of
+character, but for the reason that in this garb she is enabled to go
+where she pleases without exciting curiosity, and seeing and hearing
+what is most useful and essential for her in writing her books. She is
+undoubtedly the most masculine mind of France at the present day.
+Through the folly of her relations she was early married to a fool,
+but she soon left him in disgust, and afterwards formed a friendship
+with Jules Sandeau, a novelist and clever critic. It was he who
+discovered her genius, and first caused her to write. It was the name
+of this author, Jules Sandeau, that she altered into Georges Sand--a
+name which she has made immortal.
+
+Georges Sand in company is silent, and except when the conversation
+touches a sympathetic chord in her nature, little given to
+demonstration. Then she will talk earnestly on great matters,
+generally on philosophy or theology, but in vain will you seek to draw
+her into conversation on the little matters of ordinary chit-chat. She
+lives in a small circle of friends, where she can say and do as she
+pleases. Her son is a poor, weak-brained creature, perpetually
+annoying the whole neighbourhood by beating on a huge drum night and
+day. She has a daughter married to Chlessindur, the celebrated
+sculptor, but who resembles but little her talented mother. Madame
+Georges Sand has had a life of wild storms, with few rays of sunshine
+to brighten her pathway; and like most of the reformers of the present
+day, especially if it is her misfortune to be a woman, is a target to
+be placed in a conspicuous position, to be shot at by all dark,
+unenlightened human beings who may have peculiar motives for
+restraining the progress of mind; but it is as absurd in this glorious
+nineteenth century to attempt to destroy freedom of thought and the
+sovereignty of the individual, as it is to stop the falls of Niagara.
+
+There was a gifted and fashionable lady (the Countess of Agoult),
+herself an accomplished authoress, concerning whom and Georges Sand a
+curious story is told. They were great friends, and the celebrated
+pianist Liszt was the admirer of both. Things went on smoothly for
+some time, all _couleur de rose_, when one fine day Lizst and Georges
+Sand disappeared suddenly from Paris, having taken it into their heads
+to make the tour of Switzerland for the summer together. Great was the
+indignation of the fair countess at this double desertion; and when
+they returned to Paris, Madame d'Agoult went to Georges Sand, and
+immediately challenged the great writer to a duel, the weapons to be
+finger-nails, etc. Poor Lizst ran out of the room, and locked himself
+up in a dark closet till the deadly affray was ended, and then made
+his body over in charge to a friend, to be preserved, as he said, for
+the remaining assailant. Madame d'Agoult was married to an old man, a
+book-worm, who cared for nought else but his library; he did not know
+even the number of children he possessed, and so little the old
+philosopher cared about the matter that when a stranger came to the
+house, he invariably, at the appearance of the family, said: "Allow me
+to present to you my wife's children"; all this with the blandest
+smile and most contented air.
+
+
+ROMANISM
+
+I know not that history has anything more wonderful to show than the
+part which the Catholic Church has borne in the various civilizations
+of the world.
+
+What a marvellous structure it is, with its hierarchy ranging through
+long centuries almost from apostolic days to our own; living side by
+side with forms of civilisation and uncivilisation, the most diverse
+and the most contradictory, through all the fifteen hundred years and
+more of its existence; asserting an effective control over opinions
+and institutions; with its pontificate (as is claimed) dating from the
+fisherman of Galilee, and still reigning there in the city that heard
+Saint Peter preach, and whom it saw martyred; impiously pretending to
+sit in his chair and to bear his keys; shaken, exiled, broken again
+and again by schism, by Lutheran revolts and French revolutions; yet
+always righting itself and reasserting a vitality that neither force
+nor opinion has yet been able to extinguish. Once with its foot on the
+neck of kings, and having the fate of empires in its hands, and even
+yet superintending the grandest ecclesiastical mechanism that man ever
+saw; ordering fast days and feast days, and regulating with omnipotent
+fiat the very diet of millions of people; having countless bands of
+religious soldiery trained, organized, and officered as such a
+soldiery never was before nor since; and backed by an infallibility
+that defies reason, an inquisition to bend or break the will, and a
+confessional to unlock all hearts and master the profoundest secrets
+of all consciences. Such has been the mighty Church of Rome, and there
+it is still, cast down, to be sure, from what it once was, but not yet
+destroyed; perplexed by the variousness and freedom of an intellectual
+civilisation, which it hates and vainly tries to crush; laboriously
+trying to adapt itself to the Europe of the nineteenth century, as it
+once did to the Europe of the twelfth; lengthening its cords and
+strengthening its stakes, enlarging the place of its tent, and
+stretching forth the curtains of its habitations, even to this
+Republic of the New World.
+
+The only wonder is that such a church should be able to push its
+fortunes so far into the centre of modern civilization, with which it
+can feel no sympathy, and which it only embraces to destroy. I confess
+I find it difficult to believe that a total lie could administer
+comfort and aid to so many millions of souls; and the explanation is,
+no doubt, that it is all not a total lie; for even its worse doctrines
+are founded on certain great truths which are accepted by the common
+heart of humanity.
+
+There is such a thing as universal truth, and there is such a thing as
+apostolic succession, made not by edicts, bulls, and church canons,
+but by an interior life divine and true. But all these Rome has
+perverted, by hardening the diffusive spirit of truth into so much
+mechanism cast into a mould in which it has been forcibly kept; and by
+getting progressively falser and falser as the world has got older and
+wiser, till the universality became only another name for a narrow and
+intolerant sectism, while the infallibility committed itself to
+absurdity, and which reason turns giddy, and faith has no resource but
+to shut her eyes; and the apostolic succession became narrowed down
+into a mere dynasty of priests and pontiffs. A hierarchy of magicians,
+saving souls by machinery, opening and shutting the kingdom of heaven
+by a "sesame" of incantations which it would have been the labour of a
+lifetime to make so much as intelligible to St. Peter or St. Paul.
+
+Now who shall compute the stupefying and brutalising effects of such a
+religion? Who will dare say that a principle which so debases reason
+is not like bands of iron around the expanding heart and struggling
+limbs of modern freedom?
+
+Who will dare tell me that this terrible Church does not lie upon the
+bosom of the present time like a vast unwieldy and offensive corpse,
+crushing the life-blood out of the body of modern civilization? It is
+not as a religious creed that we are looking at this thing; it is not
+for its theological sins that we are here to condemn it; but it is its
+effect upon political and social freedom that we are discussing. What
+must be the ultimate political and social freedom that we are
+discussing? What must be the ultimate political night that settles
+upon a people who are without individuality of opinions and
+independence of will, and whose brains are made tools of in the hands
+of a clan or an order? Look out there into that sad Europe, and see it
+all! See, there, how the Catholic element everywhere marks itself with
+night, and drags the soul, and energies, and freedom of the people
+backwards and downwards into political and social inaction--into
+unfathomable quagmires of death!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+INDEX
+
+
+Abel, Carl von, 115,120,126,129,143,149
+
+Abrahamowicz, Colonel, 68, 69
+
+Academie, Royale, 65-67
+
+Acton, 168
+
+Adelaide, Queen Dowager, 51
+
+Adelaide, Australia, 223
+
+Adelbert, Prince, 160
+
+_Adventuresses and Adventurous Ladies_, 15
+
+"Affair of Honour," 80-81
+
+Afghan Campaign, 30, 32
+
+Agra, 33
+
+Albany Museum, 193
+
+Albert, Madame, 76
+
+Alexander I, 95, 105
+
+Alexandra, Princess, 105
+
+Alemannia Corps, 116, 121, 128, 140, 144, 147, 148, 152, 204
+
+Alhambra Theatre, 243
+
+_Allegemeine Zeitung_, 124, 143
+
+_Almanach de Gotha_, 91
+
+"Andalusian Woman," 138
+
+Anderson, Professor, 190, 212
+
+Andrews, Stephen, 253
+
+_Annual Register_, 149
+
+Anstruther, Sir John, 158
+
+_Antony and Cleopatra_, 223
+
+_Archives de la Danse_, 8
+
+Aretz, Gertrude, 7, 113
+
+Argonaut Publishing Company, 8
+
+"Army of the Indus," 30
+
+_Arts of Beauty_, 234-239, 267
+
+Aschaffensberg, 132
+
+Assaye, Battle of, 18
+
+_Assemblee Nationale_, 179
+
+Astley's Theatre, 243
+
+_Athenaeum_, 94, 250, 262
+
+Athens, 95
+
+Auckland House, 35
+
+Auckland, Lord, 30-32
+
+Augsburg, Bishop of, 119
+
+_Augsburger Zeitung_, 129
+
+Australia, 203, 211
+
+Austrian Legation, 141
+
+_Autobiography of Lola Montez_, 230, 231
+
+Azan, Dr., 241
+
+
+Bac, Ferdinand, 6, 7, 91
+
+Baden, 91
+
+Baker, Mrs. Charles, 7
+
+Balaclava, 213
+
+Ballantine, Serjeant, 164, 176
+
+Ballarat, Lola Montez in, 221-227
+
+"Ballarat Reform League," 222
+
+_Ballarat Star_, 223, 226
+
+_Ballarat Times_, 225, 226
+
+Balzac, Honore de, 75, 81
+
+Bamberg, 125
+
+Barcelona, 178, 179
+
+Bareilly, 33
+
+Barerstrasse, Lola's house in, 106, 107, 113, 138, 141, 151
+
+Barlow, Lucy, 156
+
+Barnum, Phineas, 188, 242
+
+Bath, Lecture at, 242
+
+Bath in the 'Thirties, 19-21
+
+Bauer, Captain, 140
+
+Bavaria, Kingdom of, 94
+
+Bayersdorf Palace, 100
+
+Bayonne, 228
+
+Beaconsfield, Earl of, 169
+
+Beauchene, Atala, 75
+
+Beaujon Villa, 184
+
+"Beautiful for Ever!", 248
+
+"Beautiful Women," Lecture on, 237, 244-248, 271-273
+
+Beauvallon, Rosemond de, 75-90
+
+Beauvoir, Roger de, 75, 79, 87, 184, 249
+
+Bedford, Earl of, 168
+
+Beethoven Festival, 82
+
+Belgium, Lola Montez in, 61
+
+Bendigo, Theatre at, 227
+
+Beneden, Johann, 6
+
+Bengal Artillery, 29
+
+Bengal Native Infantry, 27
+
+Benkendorff, Count, 73
+
+Berkeley, Colonel, 156
+
+Berks, Herr, 116, 144, 149
+
+Berlin, Lola Montez at, 7, 61, 62, 73
+
+Berlin, Royalty at, 61
+
+Berne, 152
+
+Bernhard, Gustav, 6
+
+Bernstorff, Count, 110, 134, 135
+
+Bernstorff, Countess, 135
+
+Berri, Duchesse de, 20
+
+Bertrand, Arthur, 77, 89
+
+Berryer, Maitre, 84, 87
+
+Berrymead Priory, 168, 180
+
+Best, Captain, 158
+
+"Betsy Watson," 123, 124
+
+"Betsy James," 54
+
+Bhurtpore, Battle of, 18
+
+Bibliotheque d'Arsenal, 8
+
+Bingham, Peregrine, 172-175
+
+Bishop of London, 245
+
+Bismarck, Prince, 120
+
+_Black Book of British Aristocracy_, 153, 170
+
+Black Forest, 263
+
+Blake, Rufus, 257
+
+Blanchard, Edward, 46
+
+Blessington, Countess of, 20, 245
+
+Bloomer, Mrs., 191, 250, 274
+
+Bloque, M., 133
+
+Blot-Lequesne, M., 186
+
+Blum, Hans, 6
+
+Bluthenberg, 142
+
+Bodkin, William, 172, 175
+
+Boignes, Charles de, 77-79, 81, 84
+
+Bois de Boulogne, 80
+
+Bonaparte, 14, 253
+
+Bonn, 63-82
+
+Bonny, King of, 245
+
+Booth, Edwin, 200
+
+Bordeaux, 185
+
+Borrodaile, Mrs., 56
+
+Boston, Lola Montez in, 193
+
+Boston Public Library, 8
+
+_Boston Transcript_, 193
+
+Bright, John, 241
+
+Brighton, 159, 171, 242
+
+Bristol, Lecture at, 242
+
+"British Raj," 30
+
+Brooks, Preston, 205
+
+Brougham, Lady, 51
+
+Brougham, Lord, 51, 165, 173
+
+Brown, Mrs. General, 17
+
+Browning, Robert, 250, 253
+
+Bruce, General, 251
+
+Bruckenau Castle, 108
+
+Brussels, 61, 120
+
+Buchanan, Mrs., 258, 259, 260, 261
+
+Buckingham Palace, 166
+
+Buffalo, 194
+
+Buelow, Prince von, 122
+
+Bulwer, Edward, 168
+
+Burns, Robert, 104
+
+Burr, Rev. Chauncey, 6, 194, 230, 237, 248
+
+Byron, Lord, 5, 20, 264, 277
+
+
+Cafe Anglais, 139
+
+Calcutta, 5, 16, 29, 38, 42, 72, 174, 213
+
+Calcutta, Bishop of, 17
+
+_Calcutta Englishman_, 31
+
+Calcutta, Government House, 22
+
+California in the 'Fifties, 192-210
+
+_California Chronicle_, 206
+
+_Californian_, 201
+
+Californian Pioneers, Library of, 8
+
+Californian State Library, 8
+
+Calvinism, 19, 21, 260
+
+Cambridge, Duke of, 56
+
+Canitz, Freiherr zu, 119, 122
+
+Cannibal Islands, King of, 5
+
+Canning, Sir Stratford, 63, 246
+
+Cape of Good Hope, 29
+
+Capon, Victorine, 75
+
+Cardigan, Earl of, 89
+
+Carl, Prince, 160
+
+Carlos, Don, 123
+
+Carlsbad, 94
+
+Caroline-Augusta, Queen, 112
+
+Cassagnac, Granier de, 77, 83, 88
+
+Castle Oliver, 14
+
+Castlereagh, Lord, 158
+
+Catalini, Angelica, 20
+
+Cavendish, Frederick, 143
+
+Cayley, Edward, 151
+
+Cerito, Mlle, 65-66
+
+Champs Elysees, 182
+
+Chanoines de St. Therese, 102, 265
+
+Charles X, 20
+
+Chartist Riots, 163
+
+Chase, Lewis, 8
+
+Chatham, 16
+
+Chester Cathedral, Visit to, 242
+
+Chevalier, Emile, 236
+
+Cholera at Dinapore, 16, 17
+
+Chudleigh, Elizabeth, 168
+
+Churchill, Arabella, 156
+
+Claggett, Horace, 158
+
+Clarence, Duke of, 156
+
+Clark, Mary Anne, 156
+
+Clarkson, William, 172-176
+
+Claudin, Gustave, 71, 72
+
+Clayton, Henry, 199
+
+Clutton, Colonel, 168
+
+Coates, "Romeo," 20
+
+Cole, Henry, 158
+
+_Cologne Gazette_, 125
+
+Combermere, Lord, 97
+
+Comedie Francaise, 356
+
+"Comic Aspects of Love," Lecture on, 250, 275-277
+
+Conciergerie Prison, 90
+
+Congress of London, 95
+
+Consistory Court, Action in, 43, 176
+
+Constantinople, 16, 63, 246
+
+"Corinthians," 46, 52
+
+Corneille, Pierre, 86
+
+Costa, Michael, 54
+
+Cotta, Baron, 97
+
+Coules, M., 53
+
+"Countess for an Hour," 153
+
+Covent Garden Hotel, 41
+
+Covent Garden Opera House, 54, 60, 163
+
+Cowell, Sam, 252
+
+Coyne, Stirling, 165
+
+Craigie, David, 39, 41
+
+Craigie, Misses, 19
+
+Craigie, Mrs., marries Ensign Gilbert, 14;
+  early widowhood, 17;
+  marries Patrick Craigie, 17;
+  returns to England, 23;
+  collapse of ambitious schemes, 24;
+  quarrels with Lola, 26;
+  partial reconciliation, 34;
+  visit to New York, 258
+
+Craigie, Patrick, 17, 19, 23, 39, 40, 43, 260
+
+Cremorne Gardens, 243
+
+"Crim. con" action, 42
+
+Crimean Campaign, 213
+
+Crosby, Henry, 227
+
+Crosby, Mrs., 227
+
+Cumberland, Duke of, 156
+
+Cuyla, Madame de, 156
+
+
+Dacca, 17
+
+D'Agoult, Madame, 64, 117, 278
+
+_Daily Alta_, 198
+
+Daly, Joseph, 194
+
+_Dancing Times_, 7
+
+"Daniel Stern," 64, 117
+
+Daughrity, Professor, 8
+
+D'Auvergne, Edmund, 7, 15
+
+Davenport Brothers, 252
+
+Dawson, Nancy, 168
+
+"Day of Humiliation," 119
+
+DeBar, Anna, 264
+
+D'Ecquevillez, Vicomte, 77, 83-85, 90
+
+Delta State Teachers' College, 8
+
+Denman, Lord, 42
+
+Derby, Countess of, 250
+
+Deschler, Johann, 6
+
+Desmaret, Maitre, 186
+
+"Desperado in Dimity," 234
+
+_Deutsche Zeitung_, 154
+
+Devereux, Alice, 264
+
+Devismes, M., 83, 85
+
+Devonshire, Duke of, 156
+
+_Die Deutsche Revolution_, 6
+
+Diepenbrock, Archbishop, 111, 119
+
+Dinapore, Cholera at, 16
+
+Disraeli, Benjamin, 167
+
+Disraeli, Sarah, 167
+
+Doellinger, Dr., 130, 144, 162, 263
+
+Dost Muhammed, 30
+
+"Down Under," 211-227
+
+Dresden, 62-63
+
+Drury Lane Theatre, 46, 163, 243
+
+Dublin, 16, 27, 124, 240, 241
+
+_Dublin Daily Express_, 241
+
+Dujarier, Charles, lover of Lola Montez, 71;
+  restaurant brawl, 76, 77;
+  fatal duel with de Beauvallon, 80, 81;
+  burial at Montmartre, 82
+
+Dumas, Alexandra, 71, 78, 81, 86, 91, 209, 249
+
+Dumas _fils_, 183
+
+Dumilatre, Adele, 65
+
+Durand, Colonel, 33
+
+Duval, M., 84, 88, 89
+
+
+East India Company, 18
+
+_East India Voyage_, 28
+
+Ebersdorf, 91
+
+Ecclesiastical Court, proceedings of, 173
+
+Eden, Hon. Emily, 31, 32, 34
+
+_El Oleano_, 51-53, 60
+
+_Elegant Woman_, 7, 113
+
+Elephant and Castle Theatre, 243
+
+Ellenborough, Lady, 106
+
+Ellenborough, Lord, 32, 33
+
+"Elopement in High Life," 26
+
+Elphinstone, Lord, 40
+
+Elssler, Fanny, 54, 65, 73, 190
+
+Elysium Hill, 35
+
+Englischer Garten, 104
+
+Enriques, Don, 181
+
+_Era_, Criticism in, 247, 248
+
+Erdmann, Dr. Paul, 6
+
+Erskine, Lady Jane, 106
+
+Estafette, 227
+
+_Examiner_, Comment in, 58, 121
+
+"Eton Boy," 221, 229
+
+Eugenie, Empress, 245
+
+Ezterhazy, Count, 51
+
+
+"Fair Impure," 93, 114
+
+Falk, Bernard, 7
+
+Fane, Sir Henry, 32
+
+Fay, Amy, 183
+
+Feldberg, 131
+
+Fenton, Frank, 8
+
+Fiddes, Josephine, 211
+
+Field, Kate, Letter from, 194
+
+Fitzball, Edward, Benefit Performance, 59-60
+
+"Flare of the Footlights," 49
+
+Flaubert, Gustave, 84
+
+Flers, Comte de, 77, 84
+
+Folkestone, 180
+
+Follard, Charles, 217
+
+Follett, Sir William, 42
+
+"Follies of a Night," 229
+
+Fontblanque, Albany, 168
+
+Foote, Maria, 156
+
+"Fops' Alley," 52
+
+Foreign Office, 151
+
+Forster, John, 168
+
+Fort William, 16
+
+Forty-Fourth Foot, Regiment, 16
+
+Fox Sisters, 252
+
+Frankfort, Rothschilds' Bank at, 154
+
+Frays, Herr, 98, 101
+
+Frederick William III, 63, 126
+
+Frederick William IV, 61, 134
+
+Frenzal, Fraeulein, 98, 101
+
+Freres-Provencaux Restaurant, 75
+
+Fuchs, Eduard, 6, 103
+
+Fulda Forest, 108
+
+
+"Gallantry," Lecture on, 237, 238
+
+"Gallery of Beauties," 105
+
+Garsia, Manuel, 20
+
+Gautier, Mlle, 256, 257
+
+Gautier, Theophile, 66, 71
+
+_Gay and Gallant Ladies_, 263
+
+Geelong, 221
+
+Geneva, 5, 152
+
+_Gentleman's Magazine_, 180, 262
+
+George IV, 62,156
+
+Georges, Mlle, 156
+
+Gilbert, Ensign, runaway marriage, 14;
+  service in India, 16;
+  death from cholera, 17
+
+Gilbert, Mrs., 15, 17
+
+Gillingham, Harold, 8
+
+Gillis, Mabel, 7
+
+Girardin, Emile de, 81, 181, 227
+
+Giuglini, Antonio, 243
+
+_Globe_, 171
+
+Glyptothek Gallery, 96
+
+"Golden West," 196
+
+Goodrich, Peter, 187
+
+Goerres, Joseph, 109, 137, 162
+
+Gougaud, Dom, 144
+
+Granada, 47
+
+Granby, Marchioness of, 51
+
+Granby, Marquess of, 51
+
+"Grand Sebastopol Matinee," 213
+
+Granville, Earl, 164
+
+Grass Valley, Life in, 201-210
+
+_Grass Valley Telegraph_, 210
+
+Graves _v._ Graves, Divorce action, 43
+
+Gray, Police-sergeant, 173
+
+Great Exhibition of 1851, 179
+
+Green, Miss, 157
+
+Green-Wood cemetery, 260
+
+Grisi, Carlotta, 55
+
+Guadaloupe, 75, 90
+
+"Guermann Regnier," 64
+
+Gueronniere, de la, M., 231
+
+Guillen, Manuel, 204
+
+Guise, Dr. de, 80, 81
+
+Guizot, M., 71
+
+Gumpenberg, Colonel von, 128
+
+
+Hagen, Charlotte, 105
+
+Halevy, Jacques, 65
+
+Half Moon Street, 164, 173
+
+Hall, Mrs. Lillian, 81
+
+Hamon and Company, 133
+
+Hanover, King of, 51
+
+"Hans Breitmann," 114
+
+Hardwick, William, 175
+
+Harre, T. Everett, 38, 120
+
+Harrington, Countess of, 157
+
+Harte, Bret, 203
+
+Harvard Theatre Collection, 8
+
+Harvard University, 253
+
+Hastings, Lord, 18
+
+Hastings, Warren, 16
+
+Haussmann, Baron, 70
+
+Hawks, Rev. Francis, 259, 260, 261
+
+Hayden, Mrs., 252
+
+Hayes, Catherine, 212
+
+Haymarket Theatre, 153, 165
+
+Hayward, Abraham, 168
+
+Heald, George, 169
+
+Heald, George Trafford, Cornet of Horse, 166;
+  bigamous marriage with Lola Montez, 167;
+  deprived of commission, 170;
+  family interference, 171;
+  police-court proceedings, 172-176;
+  matrimonial jars, 178;
+  separation, 178;
+  death, 180
+
+Heald, Susannah, 171, 173, 174
+
+_Heavenly Sinner_, 38
+
+Heber, Bishop, 17
+
+Heenan, John Camel, 251
+
+Heine, Heinrich, 97
+
+Henry LXXII, Prince of Reuss, 91, 94, 105
+
+Her Majesty's Theatre, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 243, 260
+
+"Heroines of History," 237, 249, 274-275
+
+Hesse-Darmstadt, 94
+
+Hirschberg, Count von, 116, 140, 152
+
+_History of Theatre in America_, 7
+
+Hodgson, Miss D. M., 15
+
+Hof Theatre, Munich, 98, 100, 161
+
+Holden, W. Sprague, 8
+
+Holland, Canon Scott, 111
+
+Homburg, 94
+
+Home, Daniel Dunglas, 252
+
+"Hooking a Prince," 91, 104
+
+Hope Chapel, Lecture at, 234
+
+Hornblow, Arthur, 7
+
+Home, R. H., 218, 220
+
+Horse Guards, 169
+
+Hotel Maulich, 102
+
+Hotham, Sir Charles, 218
+
+Household Cavalry, 166, 169
+
+Howells, W. Dean, 192
+
+Hugo, Victor, 202, 205
+
+Hull, Patrick, 198, 204, 210, 260
+
+Huneker, James, 63
+
+
+_Il Barbiere di Seviglia_, 49
+
+_Il Lazzarone_, 65
+
+Imperial Hotel, 41, 44
+
+India, Garrison life in, 30-38
+
+India, Voyage to, 28, 29
+
+Inferiority-complex, 254
+
+Ingram, Captain, 45, 174
+
+Ingram, Mrs., 45
+
+Ireland, 26-28, 240, 241
+
+_Irish Ecclesiastical Record_, 144
+
+Irving, Washington, 238
+
+
+Jacguand, Claudius, 179
+
+James, Rev. John, 27
+
+James, Lieutenant Thomas, accompanies Mrs. Craigie to England, 24;
+  runaway marriage with Lola Montez, 26;
+  garrison life in Dublin, 27;
+  service in India, 28;
+  drink and gambling, 37;
+  crim. con. action, 42;
+  judicial separation, 43;
+  police-court proceedings, 174
+
+James _v._ James, Consistory Court Trial, 43
+
+James _v._ Lennox, 42
+
+Janin, Jules, 66, 249
+
+Jesuits, Activity of, 114, 122, 141, 231
+
+Joan of Arc, 234
+
+Jobson, Henry, 232, 233
+
+_John Bull_, 172
+
+"John Bull at Home," Lecture on, 251
+
+John, Cecile, guest at tragic supper party 75;
+  evidence at Rouen trial, 85
+
+"John Company," India under, 18, 37
+
+Joly, Antenon, 231
+
+_Journal des Debats_, 66
+
+Judd, Dr., 192
+
+"Judge and Jury Club," 244
+
+Judicial Separation, 43, 45
+
+Justinian, Emperor, 120, 257
+
+"Just and Persevering," 162
+
+
+Karr, Alphonse, 75
+
+Kean, Mrs. Charles, 165
+
+Kean, Edmund, 20
+
+Keane, Sir John, 32
+
+Keeley, Mrs., 165
+
+"Keepsake Annuals," 20
+
+Kelly, Fanny, 47
+
+Kelly, William, 227
+
+Kemble, Fanny, 20
+
+Kemble, John Philip, 20
+
+Kerner, Justinus, 147
+
+Khelat, Khan of, 32
+
+King of Sardinia, 200
+
+Kingsley, Charles, 250
+
+Kingston, Duchess of, 168
+
+Kingston, Duke of, 168
+
+Kirke, Baron, 204, 205
+
+Klein, Dr. Tim von, 147
+
+Knapp, Mrs. Dora, 197, 203, 206
+
+Kobell, Luise von, 6, 99, 100
+
+Kossuth, Louis, 188
+
+Kruedener, Baroness, 105, 119
+
+Kurnaul, 29, 36, 37
+
+
+La Biche au Bois, 74
+
+_La Presse_, 71, 77, 227, 228
+
+"Lady of the Camelias," 71, 183
+
+Lahore, 30
+
+Lamartine, de M., 231
+
+Lamb, Charles, 47
+
+"Lamentation," 148
+
+Landon, Letitia, 168
+
+Landsfeld, Countess of, 131
+
+Landshut, 116, 131
+
+Larousse, Pierre, 77
+
+Lasaulx, Professor, 109, 121, 123
+
+Lavalliere, Eve, 257
+
+Lawrence, Henry, 29
+
+Lawrence, Sir Walter, 40
+
+_Le Constitutionnel_, 66
+
+Lecouvreur, Adrienne, 204
+
+Le d'Hoefer, 256
+
+_Le Droit_, 83
+
+_L'Estafette_, 227
+
+_Le Figaro_, 231
+
+_Le Globe_, 77
+
+_Le Pays_, 185, 230
+
+_Lectures of Lola Montez_, 250
+
+"Left-handed Marriage," 167
+
+Legge, Professor J. G., 92
+
+Leigh, Francis, 70, 134, 265
+
+Leiningen, Prince, 116
+
+Leland, Charles Godfrey, 114, 239
+
+Leningrad, 7
+
+Lennox, Captain, 40-44, 56, 58, 260
+
+Leen, Don Diego, 48
+
+_Les Contemporains_, 232
+
+_Les Debats_, 66
+
+Lesniowski, M., 69
+
+_Letters from Up-Country_, 34-37
+
+Lever, Charles, 16
+
+Leveson-Gower, Hon. Frederick, 164
+
+"Liberation of Greece," 96
+
+Lichenthaler, Herr, 112
+
+Lievenne, Anais, 75-76, 85
+
+Life Guards, 166, 170
+
+Limerick, 5, 14, 15, 72
+
+Lind, Jenny, 110
+
+Lindeau, Flight to, 142
+
+"Lion of the Punjaub," 30
+
+Lisbon, 179
+
+Lister, Lady Theresa, 35
+
+Liverpool, Lecture at, 241
+
+Liszt, Abbe, _liaison_ with Lola Montez, 62-65;
+  Opera House, Dresden, 63;
+  life in Paris, 71, 183;
+  visit to Bonn, 63;
+  correspondence with Madame d'Agoult, 117
+
+Loeb, Herr, 151
+
+"Lola in Bavaria," 194, 211, 229
+
+Lomer, Adjutant, 38
+
+Lomer, Mrs., 38, 45
+
+London, Lola Montez in, 41-47, 49-60, 163-177, 242-250
+
+Londonderry, Marquess of, 169, 171
+
+Lord Chamberlain, 153, 166
+
+Lord Milton, 8
+
+Louis XV, 156
+
+Louis Napoleon, 163, 198, 244
+
+Louis-Philippe, 70, 82, 159
+
+Lovell, John, 236
+
+Lucerne, 16
+
+Lucknow, 29
+
+Ludwig I, architectural aspirations, 96;
+  lured by Lola Montez, 99-148;
+  poetry and passion, 101, 105, 137;
+  dissentions with Cabinet, 120, 127-129, 149, 159;
+  abdication, 160;
+  death and burial, 162
+
+Ludwig II, 6
+
+Luitpold, Prince, 146, 160
+
+Lumley, Sir Abraham, 22, 24, 25
+
+Lumley, Benjamin, 49-55, 58, 65, 260
+
+Lushington, Dr., 43
+
+Luther, Martin, 96
+
+Lyceum Theatre, 243
+
+Lytton, Lord, 168
+
+
+Macaulay, Lord, 30
+
+Macready, W. C., 20, 190
+
+Madeira, 29
+
+Madras, 40, 42, 45
+
+Madrid, 14, 47
+
+_Maga_, 162
+
+Magdalen Asylum, 256
+
+Mahmood, Sultan, 33
+
+"Maidens, Beware!" 221
+
+"Maitresse du Roi," 118
+
+Malmesbury, Earl of, 46, 48, 49, 59, 262
+
+Maltitz, Baron, 94
+
+Manchester, Free Trade Hall, 241
+
+Mangnall, Mrs., 20
+
+Marden, Caroline, 45
+
+Marie-Antoinette, 94, 95
+
+Marlborough Street police court, 171-177
+
+"Married in Haste," 27
+
+Marseilles, 177, 227
+
+Marsh, Luther, 264
+
+Martin, Mrs., 44
+
+Marysville, 202
+
+_Marysville Herald_, 207, 208
+
+Mathews, Charles, 243
+
+Mathews, Mrs., 157
+
+Mauclerc, M., 220
+
+Maurer, Georg von, 128,129
+
+Maurice, Edward, 151
+
+McMichael, Captain, 199
+
+McMullen, Major, 43
+
+McNaghten, Mrs., 30
+
+Maximilian, Prince, 160
+
+Max Joseph, Prince, 94
+
+Mazzini, 151
+
+Melanie, Princess, 112, 136
+
+Melbourne, 214, 216-221
+
+_Melbourne Argus_, 216, 218, 219
+
+_Melbourne Herald_, 217, 219, 220
+
+Melbourne, Theatre, 217, 220
+
+Mellen, Ida M., 8
+
+_Memoires de M. Montholon_, 76
+
+Menken, Adah Isaacs, 6, 165, 211
+
+Mery, Joseph, 71, 81, 86, 209
+
+_Mes Souvenirs_, 72
+
+Metternich, Prince, 120, 159, 163
+
+Metzger, Herr, 106
+
+Milbanke, Sir John, 141
+
+Milbanke, Lady, 106
+
+Milnes, Menckton, 250
+
+Milton, Dr., 219
+
+"Ministry of Dawn," 149
+
+Minto, Earl of, 18
+
+Mirecourt, Eugene de, 20, 65, 67, 179, 231, 232
+
+Mission Dolores, Church of, 198, 199
+
+Moliere, Jean Baptiste, 88
+
+Moller, Baron, 154
+
+Monmouth, Duke of, 156
+
+Montalva, Oliverres de, 14
+
+Montez, Francisco, 14
+
+Montez, Jean Francois, 46, 61, 197
+
+Montez, Lola, birth and parentage, 15;
+  childhood in India, 19;
+  sent to Montrose and Bath, 19, 20;
+  "Love's Young Dream," 25;
+  runaway marriage, 26;
+  garrison life in Dublin, 27;
+  return to India, 29;
+  _liaison_ with Captain Lennox, 41;
+  Consistory Court proceedings, 43;
+  disastrous debut at Her Majesty's, 54;
+  Continental wanderings, 61;
+  _liaison_ with Liszt, 62;
+  fiasco at Academie Royale, 66;
+  mistress of Dujarier, 71;
+  evidence at Rouen trial, 87;
+  "hooking a prince," 91-93;
+  career in Munich, 98-152;
+  "Maitresse du Roi," 118-135;
+  created Countess of Landsfeld, 131;
+  expelled from Bavaria, 150;
+  adventures in Switzerland, 152-155;
+  bigamous union with Cornet Heald, 167;
+  prosecution for bigamy, 171-177;
+  life in Paris, 181-187;
+  theatrical career in America, 187;
+  marriage with Patrick Hull, 198;
+  life in California, 197-210;
+  theatrical tour in Australia, 211-227;
+  returns to America, 229;
+  from stage to platform, 234-239;
+  lectures in London, 244-250;
+  returns to America, 251;
+  new role as "Repentant Magdalen," 255;
+  illness and death, 257-260;
+  funeral at Green-Wood Cemetery, 260;
+  obituary notices, 261-263
+
+"Montez the Magdalen," 255
+
+Montmartre Cemetery, 81
+
+Montmorency, Major de, 265
+
+Montrose, 5, 18, 21, 22, 115, 258, 260
+
+"Morning Call," 223
+
+_Morning Herald_, 53
+
+_Morning Star_, 246
+
+Morrison, Colonel, 16
+
+Morton, Savile, 184
+
+Moscheles, Ignatz, 63
+
+Mulgrave, Earl of, 27
+
+Munich, Ludwig I, maker of, 94;
+  Lola Montez in, 94-250;
+  Hof Theatre, 98;
+  public buildings, 96;
+  Residenz Palace, 98, 105;
+  revolution in, 160;
+  flight from, by Lola Montez, 151;
+  funeral of Ludwig I at, 162
+
+_Music Study in Germany_, 183
+
+
+Naked Lady, 7
+
+Napier, Sir Charles, 30
+
+Naples, 177
+
+Naussbaum, Lieutenant, 152
+
+"Necrology of the Year," 13
+
+_Nelida_, 64
+
+Nesselrode, Karl, 95
+
+Nevada City, 202
+
+Newcastle, Duke of, 168
+
+New York, 187-193, 209-240, 251-262
+
+_New York Herald_, 188
+
+_New York Times_, 208
+
+_New York Tribune_, 234
+
+Niagara, 194
+
+Nice, hiding at, 161,
+
+Nicholas I, 61, 67, 73, 95
+
+Nicolls, Fanny, 19, 20, 231
+
+Nicolls, Sir Jasper, 19, 20, 22, 25, 260
+
+Niendorf, Emma, 147
+
+Nightingale, Florence, 213, 249
+
+Nilgiri Hills, 38
+
+Normanby, Marquess of, 27
+
+Norton, Hon. Mrs., 20
+
+Nuremberg, 125
+
+Nussbaum, Lieutenant, 152
+
+Nymphenburg Park, 104, 108
+
+
+Ole Bull, 200
+
+Olga, Princess, 94
+
+Olridge, Mrs., 232
+
+Opserman, Herr, 101
+
+Osborne, Bernal, 27
+
+Osborne, Hon. William, 31
+
+Otto, King of Greece, 95
+
+Osy, Alice, 75
+
+
+Palatia Corps, 116, 138
+
+Palmerston, Viscount, 95, 111, 120, 141, 143, 151
+
+Papon, Auguste, 102, 106, 152, 154-158
+
+Paris, 7, 14, 20, 21, 65-70, 181-187
+
+Parthenon, 95
+
+_Pas de Fascination_, 165
+
+Paskievich, Prince, 68, 69
+
+Patna, Cantonments at, 16
+
+Pavestra de, Marquise, 231
+
+"Pea Green Hayne," 157
+
+Pechman, Baron, 109, 111
+
+Peel, Robert, 153
+
+Peissner, Fritz, 114, 116, 147, 152, 204
+
+Pennsylvania Historical Society, 8
+
+Perth, 39
+
+Petersham, Lord, 157
+
+Pfaff's Restaurant, 192, 193
+
+Philadelphia, 193
+
+Phoenix Park, 27
+
+Pillet, Leon, 65, 67
+
+Pinakothek Gallery, Munich, 96
+
+Pitti Palace, 96
+
+Plessis, Alphonsine, 71, 183
+
+Poland, Lola Montez in, 67, 68
+
+Porte St. Martin Theatre, 74, 133, 140
+
+Potsdam, 61
+
+Pourtales, Guy de, 64
+
+Preysing, Countess, 142
+
+Price, Harry, 7, 264
+
+Prince Consort, 63, 153, 169
+
+Prince of Wales, 251, 252
+
+Princess Victoria, 20
+
+Prussia, Queen of, 110
+
+Psychical Investigation, Council for, 7
+
+_Punch_, References to Lola Montez, 102, 132
+
+Punjaub, Garrison life in, 37
+
+
+Queen Victoria, 62, 63, 97, 153, 169
+
+Queen's Bench Division, Court of, 42
+
+_Questions for the Use of Young People_, 20
+
+
+Rachel, Madame, 56, 248
+
+Rae, Mrs., 44
+
+"Raffaelo, the Reprobate," 223
+
+Raglan, Lord, 213
+
+Ranelagh, Viscount, 52, 54-56, 260
+
+Ranjeet Sing, 30, 31
+
+Rathbiggon, 27
+
+Ratisbon, 96
+
+Rechberg, Count von, 98, 99, 136
+
+Reisach, Count, 118
+
+_Reminiscences of the Opera_, 58
+
+Residenz Palace, 98, 105, 121, 138, 152
+
+Reuss-Lobenstein-Ebersdorf, Principality of, 91
+
+_Rhyme and Revolution in Germany_, 92
+
+Richardson, Philip, 7
+
+Richter, Jean Paul, 162
+
+Rieff, M., 84
+
+_Rienzi_, 63
+
+Rio, Madame, 144
+
+Roberts, Browne, 43
+
+Roberts, Emma, 28, 29
+
+Rogers, Cameron, 263
+
+"Romanism," Lecture on, 237, 238, 279, 280
+
+Rothmanner, Herr, 140
+
+Rothschild, Baroness de, 51
+
+Rotterdam, Embarkation of Prince Metternich at, 163
+
+Rouen, Assize Court, 83-90
+
+Rourke, Constance, 7
+
+Roux, M., 185-187
+
+_Ruff's Guide_, 178
+
+Russell, W. H., 196, 197
+
+Russia, 67, 69, 70
+
+
+Sacramento City, 199
+
+_Sacramento Union_, 207
+
+"Sahib Log," 30
+
+Saint-Agnan, M. de, 75, 76
+
+Sala, George Augustus, 6, 164, 247
+
+Sale, Mrs. Robert, 30
+
+Salveton, M., 86
+
+Salzburg, 94
+
+San Francisco, 197-199
+
+_San Francisco Alta_, 198, 200
+
+_San Francisco Whig_, 198
+
+Sand, George, 183, 250, 277
+
+Sandeau, Jules, 278
+
+Sandhurst, 227
+
+_Satirist_, 163, 166, 170
+
+Saunders, Beverley, 199
+
+Saxe, Marshal, 256
+
+Saxe-Weimar, Prince Edward of, 51
+
+Sayers, Tom, 209
+
+"Scarlet Woman," 115
+
+Schoenheitengalerie, 105
+
+Schneider, Rudi, 264, 265
+
+Schrenck, Count von, 128
+
+Schroeder, Fraeulein, 161
+
+Schulkoski, Prince, 73
+
+Schwab, Sophie, 148
+
+Schwanthaler, Franz, 162
+
+Second Empire, 70
+
+Sedley, Katherine, 156
+
+Seekamp, Henry, 225, 226
+
+Senfft, Count, 112, 129
+
+Seinsheim, Herr von, 128
+
+Seville, 5, 14, 50, 51, 53, 57, 61, 72, 123
+
+Shah Shuja, 30
+
+Sheridan, Francis, 27
+
+Shipley, Henley, 207, 209
+
+Shore, Jane, 118
+
+Sicklen, Mrs. Putnam van, 8
+
+Simla, 31, 34, 36
+
+Sister Augustine, 257
+
+_Sketches by Boz_, 20
+
+"Sludge, the Medium," 252
+
+Smith, E. T., 242-244
+
+Somnauth, Temple of, 32
+
+"Song of Walhalla," 108
+
+Sophie, Archduchess, 105
+
+Sorel, Agnes, 118
+
+Soule, Frank, 207
+
+Southampton, 48
+
+_Southern Lights and Shadows_, 212, 213
+
+Spence, Lady Theresa, 106
+
+"Spider Dance," 209, 218, 219, 223
+
+Spiritualism, 252, 253, 264
+
+"Spittalsfield Weaver," 223
+
+Spurgeon, Charles Haddon, 254
+
+Stael, Madame de, 238
+
+Stahl, Dr., 141
+
+_Standard_, 169
+
+Stanford University, 8
+
+Stanhope, Colonel, 157
+
+Starenberg, 148
+
+Stedman, Edmund Clarence, 252
+
+Steinberg, Otto von, 126
+
+Steinkeller, Mme, 68
+
+Stewart, William, 202, 206
+
+Stieler, Josef, 105
+
+Stocqueler, J., 33
+
+_Story of a Penitent_, 259
+
+Stowe, Mrs. Harriet Beecher, 222
+
+Stubenrauch, Amalia, 94
+
+Sturgis, Mrs., 40, 41
+
+Stuttgart, 94
+
+St. George's, Hanover Square, 167
+
+St. Helena, 14, 29
+
+St. James's Hall, 244
+
+St. Jean de Luz, 228
+
+St. Louis, 193, 194
+
+St. Petersburg, 60, 61, 67, 69, 72, 246
+
+Sue, Eugene, 71, 194, 249
+
+Sultan of Turkey, 5, 63, 246
+
+Sumner, Charles, 230
+
+_Sunday Times_, 243
+
+Sutherland, Duchess of, 245
+
+"Swedish Nightingale," 165
+
+Swiss Guards, 141
+
+_Sydney Herald_, 212
+
+Sydney, social life in, 212
+
+Sydney, Victoria Theatre, 211, 212
+
+
+Taglioni, Marie, 54, 65, 73
+
+Talleyrand, Baron, 51
+
+_Temple Bar_, 262
+
+Tennyson, Alfred, 97, 184
+
+Thackeray, W. M., 184, 190, 192
+
+Theatiner Church, 141
+
+Theatrical Museum, Munich, 8
+
+Theodora, Empress, 120, 257
+
+Theresa of Saxe-Hildburghausen, Princess, 95
+
+Thesiger, Frederick, 42
+
+Thiersch, Friedrich, 139, 162
+
+Thirsch, Wilhelm, 162
+
+Thirty-eighth Native Infantry, 17
+
+Thompson, Edward, 32
+
+Thynne, Lord Edward, 158
+
+Tichatschek, Josef, 63
+
+_Times_, 43, 122, 123, 177
+
+Titiens, Teresa, 243
+
+Tom Thumb, General, 190
+
+Tourville, Letendre de, 84-86
+
+Treitschke, Heinrich von, 6, 103, 143
+
+_Troupers of the Gold Coast_, 7
+
+"Trousers for Women," 191
+
+_Troy Budget_, 194
+
+Tugal, M. Pierre, 8
+
+Tupper, Martin, 97
+
+Twenty-fifth Foot, Regiment, 16
+
+Tyree, Mrs. Annette, 8
+
+
+_Ulner Chronik_, 127
+
+Ultramontane Policy, 115, 121, 126, 127, 143
+
+_Uncle Tom's Cabin_, 243
+
+"Uncrowned Queen of Bavaria," 120
+
+University, Munich, 116, 121, 130, 139, 145
+
+University Students at Munich, 114, 116, 121, 129, 138, 144, 145
+
+_Up the Country_, 34
+
+
+Valley, Count Arco, 142, 143
+
+Vandam, Albert, 84, 182, 183
+
+Vanderbilt, Commodore, 192
+
+_Vanity Fair_, 192
+
+Varietes Theatre, St. Louis, 194
+
+Vaubernier, Jeanne, 232
+
+Vaudeville Theatre, 186
+
+Vestris, Madame, 51, 157, 158
+
+Victoria Theatre, Ballarat, 222
+
+Vienna, 112, 117, 143, 159
+
+Villa-Palava, Marquise, 231
+
+Vine Street Police Station, 174
+
+Vrede, Prince, 140
+
+
+Wagner, Martin, 96
+
+Wagner, Richard, 63, 162
+
+Wainwright, Governor, 199
+
+_Walhalla's Genossen_, 97
+
+Walkinshaw, Mrs., 156
+
+Wallerstein, Prince, 140, 141, 144, 150
+
+Wallinger, Antoinette, 105
+
+Walters, Mrs., 44
+
+Ware, C. P. T., 194
+
+Warsaw, 7, 67, 68
+
+_Warsaw Gazette_, 69
+
+Washington, George, 57
+
+Waterloo, Battle of, 14
+
+Watson, Mrs., 26, 44
+
+Weimar, 71
+
+Weinsberg, 147, 148
+
+_Welcome Guest_, 250
+
+Wellington, Duchess of, 51, 245
+
+Wellington, Duke of, 51, 169, 213
+
+"Whiff of Grapeshot," 140
+
+Whitbread, Samuel, 243
+
+Whitman, Walt, 193
+
+Wilberforce, Edward, 101
+
+William I, of Germany, 91
+
+William IV, 20
+
+Willis, N. P., 187
+
+Willis, Richard Storrs, 187
+
+Wills, Judge, 199
+
+Wilson, Rev. John, 209
+
+Windischmann, Dr., 118
+
+Windsor Castle, 62
+
+"Wits and Women of Paris," 237, 249, 277-279
+
+Wittelsbach, House of, 96
+
+"Woman of Spain," 105
+
+Wurtemburg, 94
+
+Wuerzburg, Bishop of, 141
+
+
+Ziegler, Rudolph, 6
+
+"Zoyara the Hermaphrodite," 200
+
+Zu Rhein, Freiherr, 128
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The Magnificent Montez, by Horace Wyndham
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