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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Shakespeare's Christmas Gift to Queen Bess
+by Anna Benneson McMahan
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Shakespeare's Christmas Gift to Queen Bess
+
+Author: Anna Benneson McMahan
+
+Release Date: December 28, 2006 [EBook #20210]
+Last updated: January 21, 2009
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SHAKESPEARE'S CHRISTMAS GIFT ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Ted Garvin, Verena Morandell and the Online Distributed
+Proofreaders Europe at http://dp.rastko.net
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: Queen Elizabeth going to Whitehall through
+London Streets]
+
+
+
+
+                             Shakespeare's
+                           Christmas Gift To
+                              Queen Bess
+
+                           In the year 1596
+
+
+                                  By
+                         Anna Benneson McMahan
+
+
+                  [Illustration: THE MERMAID TAVERN]
+
+                                Chicago
+                          A.C. McClurg & Co.
+
+                                MCMVII
+
+
+                      Published October 12, 1907
+
+                          The Lakeside Press
+                     R.R. DONNELLEY & SONS COMPANY
+                                CHICAGO
+
+
+                            822.33 HN8 1907
+                        McMahan, Anna (Benneson)
+                      Shakespeare's Christmas gift
+
+
+                           To my sister Lina
+                              in memory of
+                   the Christmases of our childhood.
+
+
+
+                    "All, though feigned, is true."
+
+
+
+
+                               CONTENTS
+
+
+                                                        Page
+      I   At the Mermaid                                            11
+
+     II   At the Queen's Palace                                     33
+
+    III   A Christmas Carol of the Olden Time                       65
+
+
+
+
+                            ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+                                                        Page
+
+    Queen Elizabeth going to Whitehall
+        through London Streets                  Frontispiece
+
+    At the Mermaid                                                  13
+
+    The River Avon at Stratford                                     14
+
+    Birthplace of Mary Arden, Mother of Shakespeare                 16
+
+    Warwickshire House of the Tudor Period                          18
+
+    Old Graves in Trinity Churchyard, Stratford                     20
+
+    Old Warwickshire Cottages                                       24
+
+    A Group of Morris Dancers                                       26
+
+    Garden View of Shakespeare's Birthplace, Stratford              30
+
+    Queen Elizabeth going to Whitehall by the Thames                35
+
+    Portrait of the Earl of Essex                                   36
+
+    Portrait of the Earl of Southampton                             40
+
+    Queen Elizabeth listening to the Play                           44
+
+    "Observance to a morn of May"                                   46
+
+    Woods near Stratford                                            50
+
+    Earl of Leicester receiving Queen Elizabeth
+        at Kenilworth                                               54
+
+    Portrait of Queen Elizabeth in her Later Years                  58
+
+    A Dance of the Sixteenth Century                                62
+
+
+
+
+                                  I.
+
+                           At the Mermaid.
+
+
+     Thus Raleigh, thus immortal Sidney shone
+     (Illustrious names!) in great Eliza's days.
+
+                           --Thos. Edwardes.
+
+[Illustration: At the Mermaid]
+
+
+
+
+                             SHAKESPEARE'S
+                     CHRISTMAS GIFT TO QUEEN BESS
+
+
+
+
+                                  I.
+
+                           At the Mermaid.
+
+
+The numberless diamond-shaped window panes of the Mermaid Tavern are
+twinkling like so many stars in the chill December air of London. It is
+the last meeting of the Mermaid Club for the year 1596, and not a member
+is absent. As they drop in by twos and threes and gather in groups about
+the room, it is plain that expectation is on tip-toe. They call each
+other by their Christian names and pledge healths. Some are young,
+handsome, fastidious in person and dress; others are bohemian in
+costume, speech, and action; all wear knee breeches, and nearly all have
+pointed beards. He of the harsh fighting face, of the fine eye and
+coarse lip and the shaggy hair, whom they call Ben, although one of the
+youngest is yet plainly one of the leaders both for wit and for wisdom.
+
+[Illustration: The River Avon at Stratford
+
+     "I know a bank where the wild thyme blows,
+     Where oxlips and the nodding violet grows."
+]
+
+That grave and handsome gentleman whose lordly bearing and princely
+dress mark his high rank, is another favourite. He has written
+charming poems, has fought gallantly on many fields, has voyaged
+widely on many seas, has founded colonies in distant America, is a
+favourite of the Queen. But in this Mermaid Club his chief glory is
+that he is its founder and leader, the one whose magnetism and
+personal charm has summoned and cemented in friendship all these
+varied elements.
+
+At last the all-important matter of the yearly Christmas play at court
+has been settled; the Master of the Revels has chosen from the rich
+stores of his manuscripts "_The Midsummer Night's Dream_", graciously
+adding that "for wit and mirth it is like to please her Majesty
+exceedingly." A high honor, indeed, for its author. For, not then, as
+now, were plays written primarily for the recreation and approval of the
+audience of the theatre. True, the public stage was fostered, and
+attracted its daily audience, but rather as a dress rehearsal, its main
+purpose being to train the players for the court presentations at one of
+her Majesty's palaces. The secret spur to both players and playwright
+was the hope of being among the chosen for the festivities at Richmond,
+Whitehall, or Greenwich, as the Queen might fancy to hold her court.
+
+[Illustration: Birthplace of Mary Arden, Mother of Shakespeare
+
+     "Quite over-canopied with luscious woodbine
+     With sweet musk-roses and with eglantine."
+]
+
+
+[Illustration: Warwickshire House of the Tudor Period]
+
+Disappointment, soreness, jealousy, not seldom followed the award of the
+coveted distinction, but not so on this occasion. For now the successful
+candidate is one of the youngest and best beloved of this jolly coterie,
+and their pride in him is shown by the eagerness with which they await
+his coming to read to them the changes in the manuscript of his play
+since its former presentation. Ah! hear the burst of applause that
+greets his late arrival--a high-browed, sandy-haired man of thirty-two,
+lithe in figure, of middle height, with a smile of great sweetness, yet
+sad withal. On his face, one may read the lines of recent sorrow, and
+all know that he has returned but recently to London from the mournful
+errand which took him to his Stratford home--the burial of his dearly
+beloved and only son, Hamnet. The plaudits for the author of the most
+successful play of the season--"_Romeo and Juliet_," which was then
+taking the town by storm at the Curtain Theatre--were little heeded by
+the grief-stricken father as he urged his horse over the rough roads of
+the four days' journey, arriving just too late for a parting word from
+dying lips. But private sorrows are not for those who are called to
+public duties; a writer must trim his pen not to his own mood, but to
+the mood of the hour. And Queen Elizabeth, old in years, but ever young
+in her love of fun and frolic and flattery, must be made to forget the
+heaviness of time and the infirmities of age. If she may no longer take
+part in out-door sports--the hunting, the hawking, the
+bear-baiting,--she still may command processions, fêtes, masques, and
+stage-plays. It pleases her now to see this wonderful fairy piece, of
+which she has heard so much since, two years ago, it graced the nuptials
+of the Earl of Derby. Does she not remember also that pretty impromptu
+verse of the author when acting the part of King in another man's play,
+two years ago at Greenwich? Did she not twice drop her glove near his
+feet in crossing the stage? And how happily had he responded to the
+challenge! True to the character as well as to the metre of his part, he
+had picked up the glove, presenting it to its owner with the words:--
+
+     "And though now bent on this high embassy,
+     Yet stoop we to take up our cousin's glove."
+
+[Illustration: Old Graves in Trinity Churchyard, Stratford]
+
+Seats are taken, the manuscript is opened, and the club becomes a
+green-room conference. The play is not to be recast entirely, the
+changes from the early version being mainly to introduce certain
+touches to flatter the royal ears, and to suit it to the more
+elaborate equipment of the Whitehall stage. Quill in hand, the reader
+as he proceeds crosses out from his manuscript everything that clogs
+the movement or detracts from the playfulness; giving free rein to his
+luxuriant imagination, he scatters the choicest flowers of fancy to
+create a vivid and animated picture. The lovers meet and part with
+pretty rhymes and repartee; the hard-handed men--the tradesmen and
+tinkers--bring their clumsy efforts to serve the wedding-feast; the
+fairies, graceful, lovely, enchanting, dance amidst the fragrance of
+enameled meadows.
+
+[Illustration: Old Warwickshire Cottages
+
+     "And all things shall be peace."
+]
+
+His fellow writers feel the charm. No one of them can do work in so
+many kinds nor of such kind in each. They recognise their master, they
+are under his magic spell; the familiar stories from Plutarch and
+Chaucer and Ovid take on a new meaning; the very holly on the walls
+seems alive with the fairy folk, as indeed it should be, according to
+the pretty, old superstition that elves and fairies hover about all
+Christmas fêtes. Hence, branches are hanging in hall and bower in
+order that these invisible guests may "hang in each leaf and cling on
+every bough." The holly, its prickly leaves symbolic of the crown of
+thorns, and its red berries of the blood of Christ, banishes the ivy
+and other greens, and becomes the popular favourite that it has since
+remained, for Christmas decoration.
+
+[Illustration: A Group of Morris Dancers
+
+     "The quaint-mazes in the wanton green,
+      For lack of tread, are undistinguishable."
+]
+
+A responsive audience truly. Roars of laughter greet the rollicking
+humour of the clowns and their rude burlesque of things theatrical.
+But longest and loudest is the applause over the new touches--those
+portions that have been written in to please the court and the Queen.
+To remodel a play written for a marriage celebration so that it shall
+seem to praise the virginity of the Queen were surely no slight task,
+but it has been accomplished.
+
+Though the scene is laid in Greece, yet the play is full of the
+English life that all know so well. "Merrie England" and not classic
+Greece has given the poet the picture of the sweet country
+school-girls working at one flower, warbling one song, growing
+together like a double cherry. Of England, is the picture of the
+hounds with "ears that sweep away the morning dew"; from England, all
+this out-door woodland life, the clown's play and the clowns
+themselves,--Bottom with his inimitable conceit, and his fellows,
+Snug, Quince, and the rest. English is all Puck's fairy lore, the
+cowslips tall, the red-hipt humble-bee, Oberon's bank, the pansy
+love-in-idleness, and all the lovely imagery of the verse. English is
+the whole scenic background, and the "Wood near Athens" is plainly the
+Stratford boy's idealised memory of the Weir Brake that he knows so
+well.
+
+Mayhap, in very truth, on some mid-summer night the young poet, even
+then of "imagination all compact," did indeed dream a dream or see a
+vision like unto this, bringing it from Stratford to London partly
+written, but foregoing its completion for labour that would find
+readier acceptance at the theatre.
+
+[Illustration: Garden View of Shakespeare's Birthplace, Stratford
+
+     "An odorous chaplet of sweet summer buds."
+]
+
+However that may be, certain it is that this is a red-letter night at
+the Mermaid. The genius of "gentle Will" has taken a new point of
+departure and shines as it has not shone before either in his making
+over of other men's plays, or in his few original works. He has
+conquered a new realm of art; the phantoms of the fairy world for the
+first time have been endowed with a genuine and sustained dramatic
+interest. Small wonder that no one ventures to interrupt as the pages
+are turned; even at the close, only one, the Silenus-faced Ben, offers a
+criticism. Being well versed in classic lore, he protests against the
+characterisation of Theseus, Duke of Athens, saying it is too modern,
+and has in fact nothing of the antique or Grecian in its composition.
+
+But he is over-ruled speedily, and as the meeting breaks up one of the
+younger fellows whispers to another, "Shakespeare was sent us from
+Heaven, but Jonson from--College."
+
+
+
+
+                                 II.
+
+                        At the Queen's Palace.
+
+
+     Those flights upon the banks of Thames
+     That so did take Eliza and our James.
+
+                                  --Ben Jonson.
+
+
+[Illustration: Queen Elizabeth going to Whitehall by the Thames
+
+     "But, noble Thames, whilst I can hold a pen,
+      I will divulge thy glory unto men."
+
+                        John Taylor, the "Water Poet."
+]
+
+
+
+
+                                 II.
+
+                       At the Queen's Palace.
+
+
+It is Christmas night. Lords, ladies, and ambassadors have been
+summoned to Whitehall Palace to witness the play for which author,
+actors, and artists of many kinds have been working so industriously
+during the past few weeks. The Banqueting Hall, with a temporary stage
+at one end, has been converted into a fine auditorium.
+
+Facing the stage, and beneath her canopy of state, sits Queen Elizabeth,
+in ruff and farthingale, her hair loaded with crowns and powdered with
+diamonds, while her sharp smile and keen glance take note of every
+incident. Nearest her person and evidently the chief favourite of the
+moment, is the man who has long been considered the Adonis of the Court.
+He is now also its hero, having but recently returned from the wars in
+Spain, where his gallantry and promptitude at Cadiz have won new glories
+for Her Majesty. In five short years more, his head will come to the
+block by decree of this same Majesty; but this no one can foresee and
+all voices now unite in praises for the brave and generous Essex.
+
+[Illustration: Earl of Essex]
+
+Another conspicuous favourite is a blue-eyed, pink-cheeked young
+fellow of twenty-three, whose scarcely perceptible beard and
+moustache, and curly auburn hair falling over his shoulders and
+half-way to his waist, would suggest femininity except for his martial
+manner and tall figure. His resplendent attire is notable even in this
+gorgeously arrayed company. His white satin doublet has a broad
+collar, edged with lace and embroidered with silver thread; the white
+trunks and knee-breeches are laced with gold; the sword-belt,
+embroidered in red and gold, is decorated at intervals with white
+silk bows; purple garters, embroidered in silver thread, fasten the
+white stockings below the knee. As one of the handsomest of
+Elizabeth's courtiers, and also one of the most distinguished for
+birth, wealth, and wit, he would be a striking figure at any time; but
+to-night he has the added distinction of being the special friend and
+munificent patron of the author of the play that they have come to
+witness. To him had been dedicated the author's first appeal to the
+reading public--a poem called "Venus and Adonis," published some three
+years since; also, a certain "sugared sonnet," privately circulated,
+protesting--
+
+     "For to no other pass my verses tend
+     Than of your graces and your gifts to tell."
+
+And through the patronage of this man--the gracious Earl of
+Southampton--the actor-author was first brought to the Queen's notice,
+finally leading to the present distinction at her hands.
+
+[Illustration: Earl of Southampton]
+
+But now the stage compels attention. The silk curtains are withdrawn,
+disclosing a setting of such elaboration and illusion as never before
+has been witnessed by sixteenth century eyes. Never before has the
+frugal Elizabeth consented to such an expenditure for costumes,
+properties, lights, and music. In vain the audience awaits the coming
+of the author; he is behind the scenes, an anxious and watchful
+partner with the machinist in securing the proper working of these new
+mechanical appliances, and the smoothness of the scene shifting. The
+Queen is a connoisseur in these matters, and there must be no
+bungling.
+
+The stage is divided horizontally between the roof and floor, the
+upper part concealed from the audience, while the lower section
+represents the interior of a royal palace at Athens. Three soundings
+of the cornet announce the opening of the play with its stately
+dialogue, in which Theseus, Duke of Athens, and Hippolyta, Queen of
+the Amazons, anticipate their approaching nuptials. Egeus enters with
+his daughter Hermia to bring complaint to the Duke that she will not
+marry Demetrius, the husband he has selected for her, but is bewitched
+with love for Lysander. The Duke reasons with Hermia; but the maiden
+is still obdurate and demands to know the worst that may befall if
+she refuses to wed Demetrius. The Duke pronounces sentence:--
+
+     "Either to die the death, or to abjure
+     Forever the society of men.
+     Therefore, fair Hermia, question your desires.
+     Know of your youth, examine well your blood,
+     Whether, if you yield not to your father's choice,
+     You can endure the livery of a nun,
+     For aye to be in shady cloister mew'd,
+     To live a barren sister all your life,
+     Chanting faint hymns to the cold, fruitless moon,
+     Thrice blessed they that master so their blood,
+     To undergo such maiden pilgrimage;
+     But earthlier happy is the rose distill'd
+     Than that which withering on the virgin thorn
+     Grows, lives, and dies in single blessedness."
+
+[Illustration: Queen Elizabeth listening to the Play]
+
+The tributes to the "maiden pilgrimage" and "single blessedness" win
+from the Queen's countenance a glow which age has had no power to
+diminish. The highway to favour with the Virgin Queen, as every
+courtier and every writer knows, lies through praises of her voluntary
+state of celibacy.
+
+Thus threatened, Hermia is urged by Lysander to a clandestine
+marriage:--
+
+     "If thou lov'st me then,
+     Steal forth thy father's house to-morrow night,
+     And in the wood, a league without the town,
+     Where I did meet thee once with Helena
+     To do observance to a morn of May,
+     There will I stay for thee."
+
+[Illustration:
+
+     "In the wood, a league without the town To do
+     observance to a morn of May."
+]
+
+Hermia, hearing these words, feels her heart leap with joy. She tries
+to answer soberly, in the same measure used by her lover; but as her
+words become impassioned she breaks into rhyme.
+
+                   My good Lysander!
+     I swear to thee by Cupid's strongest bow,
+     By his best arrow with the golden head,
+     By the simplicity of Venus doves,
+     By that which knitteth souls and prospers loves,
+     And by that fire which burn'd the Carthage green,
+     When the false Trojan under sail was seen;
+     By all the vows that ever men have broke,
+     In number more than ever woman spoke,
+     In that same place thou hast appointed me,
+     To-morrow truly will I meet with thee.
+
+A scene of homely prose follows. The tradesmen and tinkers of Athens
+are planning to turn actors and to play "Pyramus and Thisbe" for the
+Duke's wedding feast. It is full of "local hits," which are not lost
+upon the audience. In the practical jokes, the melodrama, the ranting
+bombast, and Bottom's ambition to play "a tyrant's vein," they
+recognise a satire on the amateur theatricals of the trades-guilds,
+the clownish horseplay of the "moralities" so-called. These crude
+plays, once so popular, have become the jest of an audience who pride
+themselves on a drama of higher ideals and greater art.
+
+A sudden fall of the upper curtain, and the lower stage is concealed,
+the upper one breaking upon the view of the delighted spectators and
+announcing Act II of the play. It is a night scene in a wood near
+Athens; mossy banks and green trees; clouds and twinkling stars in the
+heavens; forms of fairies sitting about like humming birds, or resting
+in nodding fern leaves. They sing in quick, short rhymes, suiting the
+tempo to their actions:--
+
+[Illustration: Woods near Stratford
+
+     "Met we on hill, in dale, forest or mead,
+      By paved fountain or by rushy brook,
+      Or in the beached margent of the sea,
+      To dance our ringlets to the whistling wind."
+]
+
+     Over hill, over dale,
+     Thorough flood, thorough fire,
+     Over park, over pale,
+     Thorough flood, thorough fire,
+     I do wander everywhere,
+     Swifter than the moon's sphere;
+     And I serve the Fairy Queen,
+     To dew her orbs upon the green.
+
+The fairy Queen and King appear, engaged in a very human quarrel.
+Titania, like any mortal woman, is little disposed to yield to the
+demands of her lord and master one of her cherished treasures. They
+part in anger, and Oberon summons Puck, the arch mischief maker, and
+sets on foot the punishment of the rebellious lady. The audience, easy
+believers in spells, magic, and witchcraft, are in full sympathy with
+Puck's mission to secure the potion whose magic power will create love
+or cause infidelity and hatred. Never had poetry been fuller of
+imagery or sweeter in verification than in the lines spoken by
+Oberon; nor had Queen Elizabeth ever received a more graceful
+compliment:--
+
+                 "Thou rememberest
+     Since once I sat upon a promontory,
+     And heard a mermaid on a dolphin's back
+     Uttering such dulcet and harmonious breath
+     That the rude sea grew civil at her song,
+     And certain stars shot madly from their spheres,
+     To hear the sea maid's music.
+     That very time I saw, but thou could'st not,
+     Flying between the cold moon and the earth,
+     Cupid all arm'd; a certain aim he took
+     At a fair vestal throned by the West,
+     And loosed his love-shaft smartly from his bow.
+     As it should pierce a hundred thousand hearts;
+     But I might see young Cupid's fiery shaft
+     Quench'd in the chaste beams of the watery moon,
+     And the imperial votaress passed on,
+     In maiden meditation, fancy free.
+     Yet marked I where the bolt of Cupid fell;
+     It fell upon a little western flower,
+     Before milk-white, now purple with love's wound,
+     And maidens call it love-in-idleness.
+     Fetch me that flower."
+
+[Illustration: Earl of Leicester receiving Queen Elizabeth at Kenilworth
+
+     "And the imperial votaress passed on
+      In maiden meditation fancy free."
+]
+
+Mark the Queen's flushed cheek and parted lips! The "mermaid on the
+dolphin's back" is no fancy picture, but an exact description of one
+of the pageants at the festivities in her honour at Kenilworth.
+Although twenty years have passed, memory still loves to linger about
+those days when she visited her favourite, the fascinating Earl of
+Leicester, on her royal progress, before state policy and private
+pique had combined to create strife and alienation.
+
+From memory also was the verse-picture painted. The lad of eleven, who
+had made light of the fifteen miles between Kenilworth and Stratford
+by tearing across ditch and hedge and meadow, could not easily forget
+the sights of that memorable day. Little then could he foresee the
+present hour; but rightly now does he judge that these reminiscences
+of the olden days will please Her Majesty.
+
+Rightly also does he judge that the ridiculous situations between the
+lovers will not be displeasing. A Queen whose whole reign has been
+marked by warfare against the marriage of her courtiers and her
+clergy, whose own mother's marriage had been so unhappy, will
+sympathise with Puck when he says of the lovers:--
+
+     "Those things do best please me
+      That fall out preposterously,"
+
+or,
+
+     "Lord! What fools these mortals be!"
+
+A mad frolic now begins in fairyland. Puck stirs up all sorts of
+complications by squeezing the magic flower juice on the wrong eyes with
+such sad results that Titania falls in love with the weaver, Bottom,
+with the ass's head on his shoulders; the two friends, Hermia and
+Helena, rail at each other over the seeming desertion of their lovers.
+But in the morning, the spell having been removed and each lover
+restored to his proper relations, the rivals become once more true
+friends. The fairy King and Queen also have become reconciled, and
+prepare to celebrate the double wedding of the mortals with sports and
+revels throughout their fairy kingdom.
+
+[Illustration: Queen Elizabeth in her Later Years]
+
+The fifth act restores the lower stage and the palace of Theseus. His
+wedding festivities have begun. The hard-handed men of Athens perform
+their crude interlude, made all the more grotesque by the awkwardness
+of Francis Flute, the bellows-mender. In the character of Thisbe, it
+is his part to fall upon the sword and die, thus ending the play.
+Imagine the delight of the courtly auditors when the clumsy man in the
+part of the disconsolate lady falls, not upon the blade, but upon the
+scabbard of the unfamiliar weapon!
+
+But laughter and applause are arrested by the appearance of a bright,
+transparent cloud. It reaches from heaven to earth, and bourne in upon
+it, with music and with song, are Oberon, Titania, and their elfin
+train. The cloud parts, and Puck steps forth to speak the epilogue:--
+
+      "If we shadows have offended
+      Think but this, and all is mended.
+      That you have but slumber'd here
+      While these visions did appear."
+
+The Christmas play is over, but not over the Christmas fun. Lords and
+ladies are but human, and have devised a "stately dance," in which
+they themselves participate until nearly sunrise, the Queen herself
+joining at times, and never so happy as when assured of her "wondrous
+majesty and grace."
+
+Did they--did any one--at this Christmas play of three hundred years ago
+feel the full charm and glory of this immortal creation of the poet? Did
+its lines ring in their ears the next day, and the next, and the next?
+Did they foresee how its rhythm would dance down the ages and abide in
+these present days, and in this present speech of ours?
+
+But this is something that I, your truthful reporter, cannot answer
+
+[Illustration: A Dance of the Sixteenth Century
+
+     "A fortnight hold we this solemnity.
+      In nightly revels and new jollity."
+]
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+                                III.
+
+                    An Old-Time Christmas Carol.
+
+
+                Sung to the Queen in the Presence at
+                        Whitehall MDXCVI.
+
+
+     I sing of a maiden
+       That is makeless.[1]
+     King of all kings
+       To her son she ches.[2]
+     He came al so still
+       There his mother was,
+     As dew in April
+       That falleth on the grass.
+     He came al so still
+       To his mother's bower,
+     As dew in April
+       That falleth on the flower.
+     He came al so still
+       There his mother lay,
+     As dew in April
+       That falleth on the spray.
+     Mother and maiden
+       Was never none but she;
+     Well may such a lady
+       God's mother be.
+
+
+[1] Matchless.
+
+[2] Chose.
+
+
+                                Ye End.
+
+[Illustration: Decorative Emblem]
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Shakespeare's Christmas Gift to Queen
+Bess, by Anna Benneson McMahan
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SHAKESPEARE'S CHRISTMAS GIFT ***
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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+  <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
+  <title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Shakespeare's Christmas Gift To Queen Bess, by Anna Benneson McMahan</title>
+
+
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
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+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Shakespeare's Christmas Gift to Queen Bess
+by Anna Benneson McMahan
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Shakespeare's Christmas Gift to Queen Bess
+
+Author: Anna Benneson McMahan
+
+Release Date: December 28, 2006 [EBook #20210]
+Last updated: January 21, 2009
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SHAKESPEARE'S CHRISTMAS GIFT ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Ted Garvin, Verena Morandell and the Online Distributed
+Proofreaders Europe at http://dp.rastko.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/000.png"></p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/001.png"></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1>Shakespeare's<br>
+Christmas Gift To<br>
+Queen Bess</h1>
+
+<h2>In the year 1596</h2>
+<br>
+
+<h4>By</h4>
+<h2>Anna Benneson McMahan</h2>
+<br><br>
+
+
+<h3>                                Chicago<br>
+                          A.C. McClurg &amp; Co.<br>
+<br>
+                                MCMVII</h3>
+
+
+<p class="mid">                      Published October 12, 1907<br>
+<br>
+                          The Lakeside Press<br>
+                     R.R. DONNELLEY &amp; SONS COMPANY<br>
+                                CHICAGO<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+                            822.33 HN8 1907<br>
+                        McMahan, Anna (Benneson)<br>
+                      Shakespeare's Christmas gift<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+                           To my sister Lina<br>
+                              in memory of<br>
+                   the Christmases of our childhood.<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+                    "All, though feigned, is true."</p>
+<br><br>
+
+
+
+<h3>                               CONTENTS</h3>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="rig">Page</span><br><br>
+<span class="rig">11</span>
+<p>    I   At the Mermaid</p>
+<span class="rig">33</span>
+<p>     II   At the Queen's Palace</p>
+<span class="rig">65</span>
+<p>    III   A Christmas Carol of the Olden Time</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+                            <h3>ILLUSTRATIONS</h3>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="rig">Page</span><br><br>
+<span class="rig">Frontispiece</span>
+<p>    Queen Elizabeth going to Whitehall through London Streets</p>
+<span class="rig">13</span>
+<p>    At the Mermaid</p>
+<span class="rig">14</span>
+<p>    The River Avon at Stratford</p>
+<span class="rig">16</span>
+<p>    Birthplace of Mary Arden, Mother of Shakespeare</p>
+<span class="rig">18</span>
+<p>    Warwickshire House of the Tudor Period</p>
+<span class="rig">20</span>
+<p>    Old Graves in Trinity Churchyard, Stratford</p>
+<span class="rig">24</span>
+<p>    Old Warwickshire Cottages</p>
+<span class="rig">26</span>
+<p>    A Group of Morris Dancers</p>
+<span class="rig">30</span>
+<p>    Garden View of Shakespeare's Birthplace, Stratford</p>
+<span class="rig">35</span>
+<p>    Queen Elizabeth going to Whitehall by the Thames</p>
+<span class="rig">36</span>
+<p>    Portrait of the Earl of Essex</p>
+<span class="rig">40</span>
+<p>    Portrait of the Earl of Southampton</p>
+<span class="rig">44</span>
+<p>    Queen Elizabeth listening to the Play</p>
+<span class="rig">46</span>
+<p>    "Observance to a morn of May"</p>
+<span class="rig">50</span>
+<p>    Woods near Stratford</p>
+<span class="rig">54</span>
+<p>    Earl of Leicester receiving Queen Elizabeth at Kenilworth</p>
+<span class="rig">58</span>
+<p>    Portrait of Queen Elizabeth in her Later Years</p>
+<span class="rig">62</span>
+<p>    A Dance of the Sixteenth Century</p>
+</div></div>
+<br><br>
+
+
+                                  <h3>I.</h3>
+
+                           <h3>At the Mermaid.</h3>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i20">     Thus Raleigh, thus immortal Sidney shone</p>
+<p class="i20">     (Illustrious names!) in great Eliza's days.</p>
+<br>
+<p class="i30">                           --Thos. Edwardes.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/002.png"></p>
+
+<p>The numberless diamond-shaped window panes of the Mermaid Tavern are
+twinkling like so many stars in the chill December air of London. It is
+the last meeting of the Mermaid Club for the year 1596, and not a member
+is absent. As they drop in by twos and threes and gather in groups about
+the room, it is plain that expectation is on tip-toe. They call each
+other by their Christian names and pledge healths. Some are young,
+handsome, fastidious in person and dress; others are bohemian in
+costume, speech, and action; all wear knee breeches, and nearly all have
+pointed beards. He of the harsh fighting face, of the fine eye and
+coarse lip and the shaggy hair, whom they call Ben, although one of the
+youngest is yet plainly one of the leaders both for wit and for wisdom.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/003.png"><br>
+ The River Avon at Stratford</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i20">     "I know a bank where the wild thyme blows,</p>
+<p class="i20">     Where oxlips and the nodding violet grows."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>That grave and handsome gentleman whose lordly bearing and princely
+dress mark his high rank, is another favourite. He has written
+charming poems, has fought gallantly on many fields, has voyaged
+widely on many seas, has founded colonies in distant America, is a
+favourite of the Queen. But in this Mermaid Club his chief glory is
+that he is its founder and leader, the one whose magnetism and
+personal charm has summoned and cemented in friendship all these
+varied elements.</p>
+
+<p>At last the all-important matter of the yearly Christmas play at court
+has been settled; the Master of the Revels has chosen from the rich
+stores of his manuscripts "_The Midsummer Night's Dream_", graciously
+adding that "for wit and mirth it is like to please her Majesty
+exceedingly." A high honor, indeed, for its author. For, not then, as
+now, were plays written primarily for the recreation and approval of the
+audience of the theatre. True, the public stage was fostered, and
+attracted its daily audience, but rather as a dress rehearsal, its main
+purpose being to train the players for the court presentations at one of
+her Majesty's palaces. The secret spur to both players and playwright
+was the hope of being among the chosen for the festivities at Richmond,
+Whitehall, or Greenwich, as the Queen might fancy to hold her court.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/004.png"><br>Birthplace of Mary Arden, Mother of Shakespeare</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i16">     "Quite over-canopied with luscious woodbine</p>
+<p class="i16">     With sweet musk-roses and with eglantine."</p>
+</div></div>
+<br>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/005.png"><br>Warwickshire House of the Tudor Period</p>
+
+<p>Disappointment, soreness, jealousy, not seldom followed the award of the
+coveted distinction, but not so on this occasion. For now the successful
+candidate is one of the youngest and best beloved of this jolly coterie,
+and their pride in him is shown by the eagerness with which they await
+his coming to read to them the changes in the manuscript of his play
+since its former presentation. Ah! hear the burst of applause that
+greets his late arrival--a high-browed, sandy-haired man of thirty-two,
+lithe in figure, of middle height, with a smile of great sweetness, yet
+sad withal. On his face, one may read the lines of recent sorrow, and
+all know that he has returned but recently to London from the mournful
+errand which took him to his Stratford home--the burial of his dearly
+beloved and only son, Hamnet. The plaudits for the author of the most
+successful play of the season--"_Romeo and Juliet_," which was then
+taking the town by storm at the Curtain Theatre--were little heeded by
+the grief-stricken father as he urged his horse over the rough roads of
+the four days' journey, arriving just too late for a parting word from
+dying lips. But private sorrows are not for those who are called to
+public duties; a writer must trim his pen not to his own mood, but to
+the mood of the hour. And Queen Elizabeth, old in years, but ever young
+in her love of fun and frolic and flattery, must be made to forget the
+heaviness of time and the infirmities of age. If she may no longer take
+part in out-door sports--the hunting, the hawking, the
+bear-baiting,--she still may command processions, fêtes, masques, and
+stage-plays. It pleases her now to see this wonderful fairy piece, of
+which she has heard so much since, two years ago, it graced the nuptials
+of the Earl of Derby. Does she not remember also that pretty impromptu
+verse of the author when acting the part of King in another man's play,
+two years ago at Greenwich? Did she not twice drop her glove near his
+feet in crossing the stage? And how happily had he responded to the
+challenge! True to the character as well as to the metre of his part, he
+had picked up the glove, presenting it to its owner with the words:--</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i16">     "And though now bent on this high embassy,</p>
+<p class="i16">     Yet stoop we to take up our cousin's glove."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/006.png"><br>Old Graves in Trinity Churchyard, Stratford</p>
+
+<p>Seats are taken, the manuscript is opened, and the club becomes a
+green-room conference. The play is not to be recast entirely, the
+changes from the early version being mainly to introduce certain
+touches to flatter the royal ears, and to suit it to the more
+elaborate equipment of the Whitehall stage. Quill in hand, the reader
+as he proceeds crosses out from his manuscript everything that clogs
+the movement or detracts from the playfulness; giving free rein to his
+luxuriant imagination, he scatters the choicest flowers of fancy to
+create a vivid and animated picture. The lovers meet and part with
+pretty rhymes and repartee; the hard-handed men--the tradesmen and
+tinkers--bring their clumsy efforts to serve the wedding-feast; the
+fairies, graceful, lovely, enchanting, dance amidst the fragrance of
+enameled meadows.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/007.png"><br>Old Warwickshire Cottages</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i20">     "And all things shall be peace."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>His fellow writers feel the charm. No one of them can do work in so
+many kinds nor of such kind in each. They recognise their master, they
+are under his magic spell; the familiar stories from Plutarch and
+Chaucer and Ovid take on a new meaning; the very holly on the walls
+seems alive with the fairy folk, as indeed it should be, according to
+the pretty, old superstition that elves and fairies hover about all
+Christmas fêtes. Hence, branches are hanging in hall and bower in
+order that these invisible guests may "hang in each leaf and cling on
+every bough." The holly, its prickly leaves symbolic of the crown of
+thorns, and its red berries of the blood of Christ, banishes the ivy
+and other greens, and becomes the popular favourite that it has since
+remained, for Christmas decoration.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/008.png"><br>A Group of Morris Dancers</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i16">"The quaint-mazes in the wanton green,</p>
+<p class="i16">For lack of tread, are undistinguishable."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>A responsive audience truly. Roars of laughter greet the rollicking
+humour of the clowns and their rude burlesque of things theatrical.
+But longest and loudest is the applause over the new touches--those
+portions that have been written in to please the court and the Queen.
+To remodel a play written for a marriage celebration so that it shall
+seem to praise the virginity of the Queen were surely no slight task,
+but it has been accomplished.</p>
+
+<p>Though the scene is laid in Greece, yet the play is full of the
+English life that all know so well. "Merrie England" and not classic
+Greece has given the poet the picture of the sweet country
+school-girls working at one flower, warbling one song, growing
+together like a double cherry. Of England, is the picture of the
+hounds with "ears that sweep away the morning dew"; from England, all
+this out-door woodland life, the clown's play and the clowns
+themselves,--Bottom with his inimitable conceit, and his fellows,
+Snug, Quince, and the rest. English is all Puck's fairy lore, the
+cowslips tall, the red-hipt humble-bee, Oberon's bank, the pansy
+love-in-idleness, and all the lovely imagery of the verse. English is
+the whole scenic background, and the "Wood near Athens" is plainly the
+Stratford boy's idealised memory of the Weir Brake that he knows so
+well.</p>
+
+<p>Mayhap, in very truth, on some mid-summer night the young poet, even
+then of "imagination all compact," did indeed dream a dream or see a
+vision like unto this, bringing it from Stratford to London partly
+written, but foregoing its completion for labour that would find
+readier acceptance at the theatre.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/009.png"><br>Garden View of Shakespeare's Birthplace, Stratford</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i16">"An odorous chaplet of sweet summer buds."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>However that may be, certain it is that this is a red-letter night at
+the Mermaid. The genius of "gentle Will" has taken a new point of
+departure and shines as it has not shone before either in his making
+over of other men's plays, or in his few original works. He has
+conquered a new realm of art; the phantoms of the fairy world for the
+first time have been endowed with a genuine and sustained dramatic
+interest. Small wonder that no one ventures to interrupt as the pages
+are turned; even at the close, only one, the Silenus-faced Ben, offers a
+criticism. Being well versed in classic lore, he protests against the
+characterisation of Theseus, Duke of Athens, saying it is too modern,
+and has in fact nothing of the antique or Grecian in its composition.</p>
+
+<p>But he is over-ruled speedily, and as the meeting breaks up one of the
+younger fellows whispers to another, "Shakespeare was sent us from
+Heaven, but Jonson from--College."</p>
+<br><br>
+
+
+
+                                <h3>II.</h3>
+
+                        <h3>At the Queen's Palace.</h3>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i18">Those flights upon the banks of Thames</p>
+<p class="i18">That so did take Eliza and our James.</p>
+<br>
+<p class="i30">                      --Ben Jonson.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/010.png"><br>Queen Elizabeth going to Whitehall by the Thames</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i16">"But, noble Thames, whilst I can hold a pen,</p>
+<p class="i16">I will divulge thy glory unto men."</p>
+<br>
+<p class="i30">                        John Taylor, the "Water Poet."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+
+<p>It is Christmas night. Lords, ladies, and ambassadors have been
+summoned to Whitehall Palace to witness the play for which author,
+actors, and artists of many kinds have been working so industriously
+during the past few weeks. The Banqueting Hall, with a temporary stage
+at one end, has been converted into a fine auditorium.</p>
+
+<p>Facing the stage, and beneath her canopy of state, sits Queen Elizabeth,
+in ruff and farthingale, her hair loaded with crowns and powdered with
+diamonds, while her sharp smile and keen glance take note of every
+incident. Nearest her person and evidently the chief favourite of the
+moment, is the man who has long been considered the Adonis of the Court.
+He is now also its hero, having but recently returned from the wars in
+Spain, where his gallantry and promptitude at Cadiz have won new glories
+for Her Majesty. In five short years more, his head will come to the
+block by decree of this same Majesty; but this no one can foresee and
+all voices now unite in praises for the brave and generous Essex.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/011.png"><br>Earl of Essex</p>
+
+<p>Another conspicuous favourite is a blue-eyed, pink-cheeked young
+fellow of twenty-three, whose scarcely perceptible beard and
+moustache, and curly auburn hair falling over his shoulders and
+half-way to his waist, would suggest femininity except for his martial
+manner and tall figure. His resplendent attire is notable even in this
+gorgeously arrayed company. His white satin doublet has a broad
+collar, edged with lace and embroidered with silver thread; the white
+trunks and knee-breeches are laced with gold; the sword-belt,
+embroidered in red and gold, is decorated at intervals with white
+silk bows; purple garters, embroidered in silver thread, fasten the
+white stockings below the knee. As one of the handsomest of
+Elizabeth's courtiers, and also one of the most distinguished for
+birth, wealth, and wit, he would be a striking figure at any time; but
+to-night he has the added distinction of being the special friend and
+munificent patron of the author of the play that they have come to
+witness. To him had been dedicated the author's first appeal to the
+reading public--a poem called "Venus and Adonis," published some three
+years since; also, a certain "sugared sonnet," privately circulated,
+protesting--</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i18">"For to no other pass my verses tend</p>
+<p class="i18">Than of your graces and your gifts to tell."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>And through the patronage of this man--the gracious Earl of
+Southampton--the actor-author was first brought to the
+Queen's notice, finally leading to the present distinction at her
+hands.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/012.png"><br>Earl of Southampton</p>
+
+<p>But now the stage compels attention. The silk curtains are withdrawn,
+disclosing a setting of such elaboration and illusion as never before
+has been witnessed by sixteenth century eyes. Never before has the
+frugal Elizabeth consented to such an expenditure for costumes,
+properties, lights, and music. In vain the audience awaits the coming
+of the author; he is behind the scenes, an anxious and watchful
+partner with the machinist in securing the proper working of these new
+mechanical appliances, and the smoothness of the scene shifting. The
+Queen is a connoisseur in these matters, and there must be no
+bungling.</p>
+
+<p>The stage is divided horizontally between the roof and floor, the
+upper part concealed from the audience, while the lower section
+represents the interior of a royal palace at Athens. Three soundings
+of the cornet announce the opening of the play with its stately
+dialogue, in which Theseus, Duke of Athens, and Hippolyta, Queen of
+the Amazons, anticipate their approaching nuptials. Egeus enters with
+his daughter Hermia to bring complaint to the Duke that she will not
+marry Demetrius, the husband he has selected for her, but is bewitched
+with love for Lysander. The Duke reasons with Hermia; but the maiden
+is still obdurate and demands to know the worst that may befall if
+she refuses to wed Demetrius. The Duke pronounces sentence:--</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i16">"Either to die the death, or to abjure</p>
+<p class="i16">Forever the society of men.</p>
+<p class="i16">Therefore, fair Hermia, question your desires.</p>
+<p class="i16">Know of your youth, examine well your blood,</p>
+<p class="i16">Whether, if you yield not to your father's choice,</p>
+<p class="i16">You can endure the livery of a nun,</p>
+<p class="i16">For aye to be in shady cloister mew'd,</p>
+<p class="i16">To live a barren sister all your life,</p>
+<p class="i16">Chanting faint hymns to the cold, fruitless moon,</p>
+<p class="i16">Thrice blessed they that master so their blood,</p>
+<p class="i16">To undergo such maiden pilgrimage;</p>
+<p class="i16">But earthlier happy is the rose distill'd</p>
+<p class="i16">Than that which withering on the virgin thorn</p>
+<p class="i16">Grows, lives, and dies in single blessedness."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/013.png"><br>Queen Elizabeth listening to the Play</p>
+
+<p>The tributes to the "maiden pilgrimage" and "single blessedness" win
+from the Queen's countenance a glow which age has had no power to
+diminish. The highway to favour with the Virgin Queen, as every
+courtier and every writer knows, lies through praises of her voluntary
+state of celibacy.</p>
+
+<p>Thus threatened, Hermia is urged by Lysander to a clandestine
+marriage:--</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i16">"If thou lov'st me then,</p>
+<p class="i16">Steal forth thy father's house to-morrow night,</p>
+<p class="i16">And in the wood, a league without the town,</p>
+<p class="i16">Where I did meet thee once with Helena</p>
+<p class="i16">To do observance to a morn of May,</p>
+<p class="i16">There will I stay for thee."</p>
+</div></div>
+<br>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/014.png"></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i12">"In the wood, a league without the town</p>
+<p class="i12">To do observance to a morn of May."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Hermia, hearing these words, feels her heart leap with joy. She tries
+to answer soberly, in the same measure used by her lover; but as her
+words become impassioned she breaks into rhyme.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i30">                   My good Lysander!</p>
+<p class="i12">I swear to thee by Cupid's strongest bow,</p>
+<p class="i12">By his best arrow with the golden head,</p>
+<p class="i12">By the simplicity of Venus doves,</p>
+<p class="i12">By that which knitteth souls and prospers loves,</p>
+<p class="i12">And by that fire which burn'd the Carthage green,</p>
+<p class="i12">When the false Trojan under sail was seen;</p>
+<p class="i12">By all the vows that ever men have broke,</p>
+<p class="i12">In number more than ever woman spoke,</p>
+<p class="i12">In that same place thou hast appointed me,</p>
+<p class="i12">To-morrow truly will I meet with thee.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>A scene of homely prose follows. The tradesmen and tinkers of Athens
+are planning to turn actors and to play "Pyramus and Thisbe" for the
+Duke's wedding feast. It is full of "local hits," which are not lost
+upon the audience. In the practical jokes, the melodrama, the ranting
+bombast, and Bottom's ambition to play "a tyrant's vein," they
+recognise a satire on the amateur theatricals of the trades-guilds,
+the clownish horseplay of the "moralities" so-called. These crude
+plays, once so popular, have become the jest of an audience who pride
+themselves on a drama of higher ideals and greater art.</p>
+
+<p>A sudden fall of the upper curtain, and the lower stage is concealed,
+the upper one breaking upon the view of the delighted spectators and
+announcing Act II of the play. It is a night scene in a wood near
+Athens; mossy banks and green trees; clouds and twinkling stars in the
+heavens; forms of fairies sitting about like humming birds, or resting
+in nodding fern leaves. They sing in quick, short rhymes, suiting the
+tempo to their actions:--</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/015.png"><br>Woods near Stratford</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i16">"Met we on hill, in dale, forest or mead,</p>
+<p class="i16">By paved fountain or by rushy brook,</p>
+<p class="i16">Or in the beached margent of the sea,</p>
+<p class="i16">To dance our ringlets to the whistling wind."</p>
+</div></div>
+<br>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i20">Over hill, over dale,</p>
+<p class="i20">Thorough flood, thorough fire,</p>
+<p class="i20">Over park, over pale,</p>
+<p class="i20">Thorough flood, thorough fire,</p>
+<p class="i20">I do wander everywhere,</p>
+<p class="i20">Swifter than the moon's sphere;</p>
+<p class="i20">And I serve the Fairy Queen,</p>
+<p class="i20">To dew her orbs upon the green.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The fairy Queen and King appear, engaged in a very human quarrel.
+Titania, like any mortal woman, is little disposed to yield to the
+demands of her lord and master one of her cherished treasures. They
+part in anger, and Oberon summons Puck, the arch mischief maker, and
+sets on foot the punishment of the rebellious lady. The audience, easy
+believers in spells, magic, and witchcraft, are in full sympathy with
+Puck's mission to secure the potion whose magic power will create love
+or cause infidelity and hatred. Never had poetry been fuller of
+imagery or sweeter in verification than in the lines spoken by
+Oberon; nor had Queen Elizabeth ever received a more graceful
+compliment:--</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i30">                 "Thou rememberest</p>
+<p class="i16">Since once I sat upon a promontory,</p>
+<p class="i16">And heard a mermaid on a dolphin's back</p>
+<p class="i16">Uttering such dulcet and harmonious breath</p>
+<p class="i16">That the rude sea grew civil at her song,</p>
+<p class="i16">And certain stars shot madly from their spheres,</p>
+<p class="i16">To hear the sea maid's music.</p>
+<p class="i16">That very time I saw, but thou could'st not,</p>
+<p class="i16">Flying between the cold moon and the earth,</p>
+<p class="i16">Cupid all arm'd; a certain aim he took</p>
+<p class="i16">At a fair vestal throned by the West,</p>
+<p class="i16">And loosed his love-shaft smartly from his bow.</p>
+<p class="i16">As it should pierce a hundred thousand hearts;</p>
+<p class="i16">But I might see young Cupid's fiery shaft</p>
+<p class="i16">Quench'd in the chaste beams of the watery moon,</p>
+<p class="i16">And the imperial votaress passed on,</p>
+<p class="i16">In maiden meditation, fancy free.</p>
+<p class="i16">Yet marked I where the bolt of Cupid fell;</p>
+<p class="i16">It fell upon a little western flower,</p>
+<p class="i16">Before milk-white, now purple with love's wound,</p>
+<p class="i16">And maidens call it love-in-idleness.</p>
+<p class="i16">Fetch me that flower."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/016.png"><br>Earl of Leicester receiving Queen Elizabeth at Kenilworth</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i20">"And the imperial votaress passed on</p>
+<p class="i20">In maiden meditation fancy free."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Mark the Queen's flushed cheek and parted lips! The "mermaid on the
+dolphin's back" is no fancy picture, but an exact description of one
+of the pageants at the festivities in her honour at Kenilworth.
+Although twenty years have passed, memory still loves to linger about
+those days when she visited her favourite, the fascinating Earl of
+Leicester, on her royal progress, before state policy and private
+pique had combined to create strife and alienation.</p>
+
+<p>From memory also was the verse-picture painted. The lad of eleven, who
+had made light of the fifteen miles between Kenilworth and Stratford
+by tearing across ditch and hedge and meadow, could not easily forget
+the sights of that memorable day. Little then could he foresee the
+present hour; but rightly now does he judge that these reminiscences
+of the olden days will please Her Majesty.</p>
+
+<p>Rightly also does he judge that the ridiculous situations between the
+lovers will not be displeasing. A Queen whose whole reign has been
+marked by warfare against the marriage of her courtiers and her
+clergy, whose own mother's marriage had been so unhappy, will
+sympathise with Puck when he says of the lovers:--</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i20">"Those things do best please me</p>
+<p class="i20">That fall out preposterously,"</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>or,</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i20">"Lord! What fools these mortals be!"</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>A mad frolic now begins in fairyland. Puck stirs up all sorts of
+complications by squeezing the magic flower juice on the wrong eyes with
+such sad results that Titania falls in love with the weaver, Bottom,
+with the ass's head on his shoulders; the two friends, Hermia and
+Helena, rail at each other over the seeming desertion of their lovers.
+But in the morning, the spell having been removed and each lover
+restored to his proper relations, the rivals become once more true
+friends. The fairy King and Queen also have become reconciled, and
+prepare to celebrate the double wedding of the mortals with sports and
+revels throughout their fairy kingdom.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/017.png"><br>Queen Elizabeth in her Later Years</p>
+
+<p>The fifth act restores the lower stage and the palace of Theseus. His
+wedding festivities have begun. The hard-handed men of Athens perform
+their crude interlude, made all the more grotesque by the awkwardness
+of Francis Flute, the bellows-mender. In the character of Thisbe, it
+is his part to fall upon the sword and die, thus ending the play.
+Imagine the delight of the courtly auditors when the clumsy man in the
+part of the disconsolate lady falls, not upon the blade, but upon the
+scabbard of the unfamiliar weapon!</p>
+
+<p>But laughter and applause are arrested by the appearance of a bright,
+transparent cloud. It reaches from heaven to earth, and bourne in upon
+it, with music and with song, are Oberon, Titania, and their elfin
+train. The cloud parts, and Puck steps forth to speak the epilogue:--</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i20">"If we shadows have offended</p>
+<p class="i20">Think but this, and all is mended.</p>
+<p class="i20">That you have but slumber'd here</p>
+<p class="i20">While these visions did appear."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The Christmas play is over, but not over the Christmas fun. Lords and
+ladies are but human, and have devised a "stately dance," in which
+they themselves participate until nearly sunrise, the Queen herself
+joining at times, and never so happy as when assured of her "wondrous
+majesty and grace."</p>
+
+<p>Did they--did any one--at this Christmas play of three hundred years ago
+feel the full charm and glory of this immortal creation of the poet? Did
+its lines ring in their ears the next day, and the next, and the next?
+Did they foresee how its rhythm would dance down the ages and abide in
+these present days, and in this present speech of ours?</p>
+
+<p>But this is something that I, your truthful reporter, cannot answer.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/018.png"><br>A Dance of the Sixteenth Century</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i20">"A fortnight hold we this solemnity.</p>
+<p class="i20">In nightly revels and new jollity."</p>
+</div></div>
+<br><br>
+
+
+
+
+
+                                <h3>III.</h3>
+
+                    <h3>An Old-Time Christmas Carol.</h3>
+
+
+<p class="mid"><b>Sung to the Queen in the Presence at<br>
+                        Whitehall MDXCVI.</b></p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i18">I sing of a maiden</p>
+<p class="i20">       That is makeless.[1]</p>
+<p class="i18">King of all kings</p>
+<p class="i20">       To her son she ches.[2]</p>
+<p class="i18">He came al so still</p>
+<p class="i20">       There his mother was,</p>
+<p class="i18">As dew in April</p>
+<p class="i20">       That falleth on the grass.</p>
+<p class="i18">He came al so still</p>
+<p class="i20">       To his mother's bower,</p>
+<p class="i18">As dew in April</p>
+<p class="i20">       That falleth on the flower.</p>
+<p class="i18">He came al so still</p>
+<p class="i20">       There his mother lay,</p>
+<p class="i18">As dew in April</p>
+<p class="i20">       That falleth on the spray.</p>
+<p class="i18">Mother and maiden</p>
+<p class="i20">       Was never none but she;</p>
+<p class="i18">Well may such a lady</p>
+<p class="i20">       God's mother be.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Footnote 1: Matchless.<br>
+
+Footnote 2: Chose.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p class="mid"><b>Ye End.</b></p>
+<br>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/019.png"></p>
+<br><br>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Shakespeare's Christmas Gift to Queen
+Bess, by Anna Benneson McMahan
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Shakespeare's Christmas Gift to Queen Bess
+by Anna Benneson McMahan
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
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+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Shakespeare's Christmas Gift to Queen Bess
+
+Author: Anna Benneson McMahan
+
+Release Date: December 28, 2006 [EBook #20210]
+Last updated: January 21, 2009
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SHAKESPEARE'S CHRISTMAS GIFT ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Ted Garvin, Verena Morandell and the Online Distributed
+Proofreaders Europe at http://dp.rastko.net
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: Queen Elizabeth going to Whitehall through
+London Streets]
+
+
+
+
+                             Shakespeare's
+                           Christmas Gift To
+                              Queen Bess
+
+                           In the year 1596
+
+
+                                  By
+                         Anna Benneson McMahan
+
+
+                  [Illustration: THE MERMAID TAVERN]
+
+                                Chicago
+                          A.C. McClurg & Co.
+
+                                MCMVII
+
+
+                      Published October 12, 1907
+
+                          The Lakeside Press
+                     R.R. DONNELLEY & SONS COMPANY
+                                CHICAGO
+
+
+                            822.33 HN8 1907
+                        McMahan, Anna (Benneson)
+                      Shakespeare's Christmas gift
+
+
+                           To my sister Lina
+                              in memory of
+                   the Christmases of our childhood.
+
+
+
+                    "All, though feigned, is true."
+
+
+
+
+                               CONTENTS
+
+
+                                                        Page
+      I   At the Mermaid                                            11
+
+     II   At the Queen's Palace                                     33
+
+    III   A Christmas Carol of the Olden Time                       65
+
+
+
+
+                            ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+                                                        Page
+
+    Queen Elizabeth going to Whitehall
+        through London Streets                  Frontispiece
+
+    At the Mermaid                                                  13
+
+    The River Avon at Stratford                                     14
+
+    Birthplace of Mary Arden, Mother of Shakespeare                 16
+
+    Warwickshire House of the Tudor Period                          18
+
+    Old Graves in Trinity Churchyard, Stratford                     20
+
+    Old Warwickshire Cottages                                       24
+
+    A Group of Morris Dancers                                       26
+
+    Garden View of Shakespeare's Birthplace, Stratford              30
+
+    Queen Elizabeth going to Whitehall by the Thames                35
+
+    Portrait of the Earl of Essex                                   36
+
+    Portrait of the Earl of Southampton                             40
+
+    Queen Elizabeth listening to the Play                           44
+
+    "Observance to a morn of May"                                   46
+
+    Woods near Stratford                                            50
+
+    Earl of Leicester receiving Queen Elizabeth
+        at Kenilworth                                               54
+
+    Portrait of Queen Elizabeth in her Later Years                  58
+
+    A Dance of the Sixteenth Century                                62
+
+
+
+
+                                  I.
+
+                           At the Mermaid.
+
+
+     Thus Raleigh, thus immortal Sidney shone
+     (Illustrious names!) in great Eliza's days.
+
+                           --Thos. Edwardes.
+
+[Illustration: At the Mermaid]
+
+
+
+
+                             SHAKESPEARE'S
+                     CHRISTMAS GIFT TO QUEEN BESS
+
+
+
+
+                                  I.
+
+                           At the Mermaid.
+
+
+The numberless diamond-shaped window panes of the Mermaid Tavern are
+twinkling like so many stars in the chill December air of London. It is
+the last meeting of the Mermaid Club for the year 1596, and not a member
+is absent. As they drop in by twos and threes and gather in groups about
+the room, it is plain that expectation is on tip-toe. They call each
+other by their Christian names and pledge healths. Some are young,
+handsome, fastidious in person and dress; others are bohemian in
+costume, speech, and action; all wear knee breeches, and nearly all have
+pointed beards. He of the harsh fighting face, of the fine eye and
+coarse lip and the shaggy hair, whom they call Ben, although one of the
+youngest is yet plainly one of the leaders both for wit and for wisdom.
+
+[Illustration: The River Avon at Stratford
+
+     "I know a bank where the wild thyme blows,
+     Where oxlips and the nodding violet grows."
+]
+
+That grave and handsome gentleman whose lordly bearing and princely
+dress mark his high rank, is another favourite. He has written
+charming poems, has fought gallantly on many fields, has voyaged
+widely on many seas, has founded colonies in distant America, is a
+favourite of the Queen. But in this Mermaid Club his chief glory is
+that he is its founder and leader, the one whose magnetism and
+personal charm has summoned and cemented in friendship all these
+varied elements.
+
+At last the all-important matter of the yearly Christmas play at court
+has been settled; the Master of the Revels has chosen from the rich
+stores of his manuscripts "_The Midsummer Night's Dream_", graciously
+adding that "for wit and mirth it is like to please her Majesty
+exceedingly." A high honor, indeed, for its author. For, not then, as
+now, were plays written primarily for the recreation and approval of the
+audience of the theatre. True, the public stage was fostered, and
+attracted its daily audience, but rather as a dress rehearsal, its main
+purpose being to train the players for the court presentations at one of
+her Majesty's palaces. The secret spur to both players and playwright
+was the hope of being among the chosen for the festivities at Richmond,
+Whitehall, or Greenwich, as the Queen might fancy to hold her court.
+
+[Illustration: Birthplace of Mary Arden, Mother of Shakespeare
+
+     "Quite over-canopied with luscious woodbine
+     With sweet musk-roses and with eglantine."
+]
+
+
+[Illustration: Warwickshire House of the Tudor Period]
+
+Disappointment, soreness, jealousy, not seldom followed the award of the
+coveted distinction, but not so on this occasion. For now the successful
+candidate is one of the youngest and best beloved of this jolly coterie,
+and their pride in him is shown by the eagerness with which they await
+his coming to read to them the changes in the manuscript of his play
+since its former presentation. Ah! hear the burst of applause that
+greets his late arrival--a high-browed, sandy-haired man of thirty-two,
+lithe in figure, of middle height, with a smile of great sweetness, yet
+sad withal. On his face, one may read the lines of recent sorrow, and
+all know that he has returned but recently to London from the mournful
+errand which took him to his Stratford home--the burial of his dearly
+beloved and only son, Hamnet. The plaudits for the author of the most
+successful play of the season--"_Romeo and Juliet_," which was then
+taking the town by storm at the Curtain Theatre--were little heeded by
+the grief-stricken father as he urged his horse over the rough roads of
+the four days' journey, arriving just too late for a parting word from
+dying lips. But private sorrows are not for those who are called to
+public duties; a writer must trim his pen not to his own mood, but to
+the mood of the hour. And Queen Elizabeth, old in years, but ever young
+in her love of fun and frolic and flattery, must be made to forget the
+heaviness of time and the infirmities of age. If she may no longer take
+part in out-door sports--the hunting, the hawking, the
+bear-baiting,--she still may command processions, fetes, masques, and
+stage-plays. It pleases her now to see this wonderful fairy piece, of
+which she has heard so much since, two years ago, it graced the nuptials
+of the Earl of Derby. Does she not remember also that pretty impromptu
+verse of the author when acting the part of King in another man's play,
+two years ago at Greenwich? Did she not twice drop her glove near his
+feet in crossing the stage? And how happily had he responded to the
+challenge! True to the character as well as to the metre of his part, he
+had picked up the glove, presenting it to its owner with the words:--
+
+     "And though now bent on this high embassy,
+     Yet stoop we to take up our cousin's glove."
+
+[Illustration: Old Graves in Trinity Churchyard, Stratford]
+
+Seats are taken, the manuscript is opened, and the club becomes a
+green-room conference. The play is not to be recast entirely, the
+changes from the early version being mainly to introduce certain
+touches to flatter the royal ears, and to suit it to the more
+elaborate equipment of the Whitehall stage. Quill in hand, the reader
+as he proceeds crosses out from his manuscript everything that clogs
+the movement or detracts from the playfulness; giving free rein to his
+luxuriant imagination, he scatters the choicest flowers of fancy to
+create a vivid and animated picture. The lovers meet and part with
+pretty rhymes and repartee; the hard-handed men--the tradesmen and
+tinkers--bring their clumsy efforts to serve the wedding-feast; the
+fairies, graceful, lovely, enchanting, dance amidst the fragrance of
+enameled meadows.
+
+[Illustration: Old Warwickshire Cottages
+
+     "And all things shall be peace."
+]
+
+His fellow writers feel the charm. No one of them can do work in so
+many kinds nor of such kind in each. They recognise their master, they
+are under his magic spell; the familiar stories from Plutarch and
+Chaucer and Ovid take on a new meaning; the very holly on the walls
+seems alive with the fairy folk, as indeed it should be, according to
+the pretty, old superstition that elves and fairies hover about all
+Christmas fetes. Hence, branches are hanging in hall and bower in
+order that these invisible guests may "hang in each leaf and cling on
+every bough." The holly, its prickly leaves symbolic of the crown of
+thorns, and its red berries of the blood of Christ, banishes the ivy
+and other greens, and becomes the popular favourite that it has since
+remained, for Christmas decoration.
+
+[Illustration: A Group of Morris Dancers
+
+     "The quaint-mazes in the wanton green,
+      For lack of tread, are undistinguishable."
+]
+
+A responsive audience truly. Roars of laughter greet the rollicking
+humour of the clowns and their rude burlesque of things theatrical.
+But longest and loudest is the applause over the new touches--those
+portions that have been written in to please the court and the Queen.
+To remodel a play written for a marriage celebration so that it shall
+seem to praise the virginity of the Queen were surely no slight task,
+but it has been accomplished.
+
+Though the scene is laid in Greece, yet the play is full of the
+English life that all know so well. "Merrie England" and not classic
+Greece has given the poet the picture of the sweet country
+school-girls working at one flower, warbling one song, growing
+together like a double cherry. Of England, is the picture of the
+hounds with "ears that sweep away the morning dew"; from England, all
+this out-door woodland life, the clown's play and the clowns
+themselves,--Bottom with his inimitable conceit, and his fellows,
+Snug, Quince, and the rest. English is all Puck's fairy lore, the
+cowslips tall, the red-hipt humble-bee, Oberon's bank, the pansy
+love-in-idleness, and all the lovely imagery of the verse. English is
+the whole scenic background, and the "Wood near Athens" is plainly the
+Stratford boy's idealised memory of the Weir Brake that he knows so
+well.
+
+Mayhap, in very truth, on some mid-summer night the young poet, even
+then of "imagination all compact," did indeed dream a dream or see a
+vision like unto this, bringing it from Stratford to London partly
+written, but foregoing its completion for labour that would find
+readier acceptance at the theatre.
+
+[Illustration: Garden View of Shakespeare's Birthplace, Stratford
+
+     "An odorous chaplet of sweet summer buds."
+]
+
+However that may be, certain it is that this is a red-letter night at
+the Mermaid. The genius of "gentle Will" has taken a new point of
+departure and shines as it has not shone before either in his making
+over of other men's plays, or in his few original works. He has
+conquered a new realm of art; the phantoms of the fairy world for the
+first time have been endowed with a genuine and sustained dramatic
+interest. Small wonder that no one ventures to interrupt as the pages
+are turned; even at the close, only one, the Silenus-faced Ben, offers a
+criticism. Being well versed in classic lore, he protests against the
+characterisation of Theseus, Duke of Athens, saying it is too modern,
+and has in fact nothing of the antique or Grecian in its composition.
+
+But he is over-ruled speedily, and as the meeting breaks up one of the
+younger fellows whispers to another, "Shakespeare was sent us from
+Heaven, but Jonson from--College."
+
+
+
+
+                                 II.
+
+                        At the Queen's Palace.
+
+
+     Those flights upon the banks of Thames
+     That so did take Eliza and our James.
+
+                                  --Ben Jonson.
+
+
+[Illustration: Queen Elizabeth going to Whitehall by the Thames
+
+     "But, noble Thames, whilst I can hold a pen,
+      I will divulge thy glory unto men."
+
+                        John Taylor, the "Water Poet."
+]
+
+
+
+
+                                 II.
+
+                       At the Queen's Palace.
+
+
+It is Christmas night. Lords, ladies, and ambassadors have been
+summoned to Whitehall Palace to witness the play for which author,
+actors, and artists of many kinds have been working so industriously
+during the past few weeks. The Banqueting Hall, with a temporary stage
+at one end, has been converted into a fine auditorium.
+
+Facing the stage, and beneath her canopy of state, sits Queen Elizabeth,
+in ruff and farthingale, her hair loaded with crowns and powdered with
+diamonds, while her sharp smile and keen glance take note of every
+incident. Nearest her person and evidently the chief favourite of the
+moment, is the man who has long been considered the Adonis of the Court.
+He is now also its hero, having but recently returned from the wars in
+Spain, where his gallantry and promptitude at Cadiz have won new glories
+for Her Majesty. In five short years more, his head will come to the
+block by decree of this same Majesty; but this no one can foresee and
+all voices now unite in praises for the brave and generous Essex.
+
+[Illustration: Earl of Essex]
+
+Another conspicuous favourite is a blue-eyed, pink-cheeked young
+fellow of twenty-three, whose scarcely perceptible beard and
+moustache, and curly auburn hair falling over his shoulders and
+half-way to his waist, would suggest femininity except for his martial
+manner and tall figure. His resplendent attire is notable even in this
+gorgeously arrayed company. His white satin doublet has a broad
+collar, edged with lace and embroidered with silver thread; the white
+trunks and knee-breeches are laced with gold; the sword-belt,
+embroidered in red and gold, is decorated at intervals with white
+silk bows; purple garters, embroidered in silver thread, fasten the
+white stockings below the knee. As one of the handsomest of
+Elizabeth's courtiers, and also one of the most distinguished for
+birth, wealth, and wit, he would be a striking figure at any time; but
+to-night he has the added distinction of being the special friend and
+munificent patron of the author of the play that they have come to
+witness. To him had been dedicated the author's first appeal to the
+reading public--a poem called "Venus and Adonis," published some three
+years since; also, a certain "sugared sonnet," privately circulated,
+protesting--
+
+     "For to no other pass my verses tend
+     Than of your graces and your gifts to tell."
+
+And through the patronage of this man--the gracious Earl of
+Southampton--the actor-author was first brought to the Queen's notice,
+finally leading to the present distinction at her hands.
+
+[Illustration: Earl of Southampton]
+
+But now the stage compels attention. The silk curtains are withdrawn,
+disclosing a setting of such elaboration and illusion as never before
+has been witnessed by sixteenth century eyes. Never before has the
+frugal Elizabeth consented to such an expenditure for costumes,
+properties, lights, and music. In vain the audience awaits the coming
+of the author; he is behind the scenes, an anxious and watchful
+partner with the machinist in securing the proper working of these new
+mechanical appliances, and the smoothness of the scene shifting. The
+Queen is a connoisseur in these matters, and there must be no
+bungling.
+
+The stage is divided horizontally between the roof and floor, the
+upper part concealed from the audience, while the lower section
+represents the interior of a royal palace at Athens. Three soundings
+of the cornet announce the opening of the play with its stately
+dialogue, in which Theseus, Duke of Athens, and Hippolyta, Queen of
+the Amazons, anticipate their approaching nuptials. Egeus enters with
+his daughter Hermia to bring complaint to the Duke that she will not
+marry Demetrius, the husband he has selected for her, but is bewitched
+with love for Lysander. The Duke reasons with Hermia; but the maiden
+is still obdurate and demands to know the worst that may befall if
+she refuses to wed Demetrius. The Duke pronounces sentence:--
+
+     "Either to die the death, or to abjure
+     Forever the society of men.
+     Therefore, fair Hermia, question your desires.
+     Know of your youth, examine well your blood,
+     Whether, if you yield not to your father's choice,
+     You can endure the livery of a nun,
+     For aye to be in shady cloister mew'd,
+     To live a barren sister all your life,
+     Chanting faint hymns to the cold, fruitless moon,
+     Thrice blessed they that master so their blood,
+     To undergo such maiden pilgrimage;
+     But earthlier happy is the rose distill'd
+     Than that which withering on the virgin thorn
+     Grows, lives, and dies in single blessedness."
+
+[Illustration: Queen Elizabeth listening to the Play]
+
+The tributes to the "maiden pilgrimage" and "single blessedness" win
+from the Queen's countenance a glow which age has had no power to
+diminish. The highway to favour with the Virgin Queen, as every
+courtier and every writer knows, lies through praises of her voluntary
+state of celibacy.
+
+Thus threatened, Hermia is urged by Lysander to a clandestine
+marriage:--
+
+     "If thou lov'st me then,
+     Steal forth thy father's house to-morrow night,
+     And in the wood, a league without the town,
+     Where I did meet thee once with Helena
+     To do observance to a morn of May,
+     There will I stay for thee."
+
+[Illustration:
+
+     "In the wood, a league without the town To do
+     observance to a morn of May."
+]
+
+Hermia, hearing these words, feels her heart leap with joy. She tries
+to answer soberly, in the same measure used by her lover; but as her
+words become impassioned she breaks into rhyme.
+
+                   My good Lysander!
+     I swear to thee by Cupid's strongest bow,
+     By his best arrow with the golden head,
+     By the simplicity of Venus doves,
+     By that which knitteth souls and prospers loves,
+     And by that fire which burn'd the Carthage green,
+     When the false Trojan under sail was seen;
+     By all the vows that ever men have broke,
+     In number more than ever woman spoke,
+     In that same place thou hast appointed me,
+     To-morrow truly will I meet with thee.
+
+A scene of homely prose follows. The tradesmen and tinkers of Athens
+are planning to turn actors and to play "Pyramus and Thisbe" for the
+Duke's wedding feast. It is full of "local hits," which are not lost
+upon the audience. In the practical jokes, the melodrama, the ranting
+bombast, and Bottom's ambition to play "a tyrant's vein," they
+recognise a satire on the amateur theatricals of the trades-guilds,
+the clownish horseplay of the "moralities" so-called. These crude
+plays, once so popular, have become the jest of an audience who pride
+themselves on a drama of higher ideals and greater art.
+
+A sudden fall of the upper curtain, and the lower stage is concealed,
+the upper one breaking upon the view of the delighted spectators and
+announcing Act II of the play. It is a night scene in a wood near
+Athens; mossy banks and green trees; clouds and twinkling stars in the
+heavens; forms of fairies sitting about like humming birds, or resting
+in nodding fern leaves. They sing in quick, short rhymes, suiting the
+tempo to their actions:--
+
+[Illustration: Woods near Stratford
+
+     "Met we on hill, in dale, forest or mead,
+      By paved fountain or by rushy brook,
+      Or in the beached margent of the sea,
+      To dance our ringlets to the whistling wind."
+]
+
+     Over hill, over dale,
+     Thorough flood, thorough fire,
+     Over park, over pale,
+     Thorough flood, thorough fire,
+     I do wander everywhere,
+     Swifter than the moon's sphere;
+     And I serve the Fairy Queen,
+     To dew her orbs upon the green.
+
+The fairy Queen and King appear, engaged in a very human quarrel.
+Titania, like any mortal woman, is little disposed to yield to the
+demands of her lord and master one of her cherished treasures. They
+part in anger, and Oberon summons Puck, the arch mischief maker, and
+sets on foot the punishment of the rebellious lady. The audience, easy
+believers in spells, magic, and witchcraft, are in full sympathy with
+Puck's mission to secure the potion whose magic power will create love
+or cause infidelity and hatred. Never had poetry been fuller of
+imagery or sweeter in verification than in the lines spoken by
+Oberon; nor had Queen Elizabeth ever received a more graceful
+compliment:--
+
+                 "Thou rememberest
+     Since once I sat upon a promontory,
+     And heard a mermaid on a dolphin's back
+     Uttering such dulcet and harmonious breath
+     That the rude sea grew civil at her song,
+     And certain stars shot madly from their spheres,
+     To hear the sea maid's music.
+     That very time I saw, but thou could'st not,
+     Flying between the cold moon and the earth,
+     Cupid all arm'd; a certain aim he took
+     At a fair vestal throned by the West,
+     And loosed his love-shaft smartly from his bow.
+     As it should pierce a hundred thousand hearts;
+     But I might see young Cupid's fiery shaft
+     Quench'd in the chaste beams of the watery moon,
+     And the imperial votaress passed on,
+     In maiden meditation, fancy free.
+     Yet marked I where the bolt of Cupid fell;
+     It fell upon a little western flower,
+     Before milk-white, now purple with love's wound,
+     And maidens call it love-in-idleness.
+     Fetch me that flower."
+
+[Illustration: Earl of Leicester receiving Queen Elizabeth at Kenilworth
+
+     "And the imperial votaress passed on
+      In maiden meditation fancy free."
+]
+
+Mark the Queen's flushed cheek and parted lips! The "mermaid on the
+dolphin's back" is no fancy picture, but an exact description of one
+of the pageants at the festivities in her honour at Kenilworth.
+Although twenty years have passed, memory still loves to linger about
+those days when she visited her favourite, the fascinating Earl of
+Leicester, on her royal progress, before state policy and private
+pique had combined to create strife and alienation.
+
+From memory also was the verse-picture painted. The lad of eleven, who
+had made light of the fifteen miles between Kenilworth and Stratford
+by tearing across ditch and hedge and meadow, could not easily forget
+the sights of that memorable day. Little then could he foresee the
+present hour; but rightly now does he judge that these reminiscences
+of the olden days will please Her Majesty.
+
+Rightly also does he judge that the ridiculous situations between the
+lovers will not be displeasing. A Queen whose whole reign has been
+marked by warfare against the marriage of her courtiers and her
+clergy, whose own mother's marriage had been so unhappy, will
+sympathise with Puck when he says of the lovers:--
+
+     "Those things do best please me
+      That fall out preposterously,"
+
+or,
+
+     "Lord! What fools these mortals be!"
+
+A mad frolic now begins in fairyland. Puck stirs up all sorts of
+complications by squeezing the magic flower juice on the wrong eyes with
+such sad results that Titania falls in love with the weaver, Bottom,
+with the ass's head on his shoulders; the two friends, Hermia and
+Helena, rail at each other over the seeming desertion of their lovers.
+But in the morning, the spell having been removed and each lover
+restored to his proper relations, the rivals become once more true
+friends. The fairy King and Queen also have become reconciled, and
+prepare to celebrate the double wedding of the mortals with sports and
+revels throughout their fairy kingdom.
+
+[Illustration: Queen Elizabeth in her Later Years]
+
+The fifth act restores the lower stage and the palace of Theseus. His
+wedding festivities have begun. The hard-handed men of Athens perform
+their crude interlude, made all the more grotesque by the awkwardness
+of Francis Flute, the bellows-mender. In the character of Thisbe, it
+is his part to fall upon the sword and die, thus ending the play.
+Imagine the delight of the courtly auditors when the clumsy man in the
+part of the disconsolate lady falls, not upon the blade, but upon the
+scabbard of the unfamiliar weapon!
+
+But laughter and applause are arrested by the appearance of a bright,
+transparent cloud. It reaches from heaven to earth, and bourne in upon
+it, with music and with song, are Oberon, Titania, and their elfin
+train. The cloud parts, and Puck steps forth to speak the epilogue:--
+
+      "If we shadows have offended
+      Think but this, and all is mended.
+      That you have but slumber'd here
+      While these visions did appear."
+
+The Christmas play is over, but not over the Christmas fun. Lords and
+ladies are but human, and have devised a "stately dance," in which
+they themselves participate until nearly sunrise, the Queen herself
+joining at times, and never so happy as when assured of her "wondrous
+majesty and grace."
+
+Did they--did any one--at this Christmas play of three hundred years ago
+feel the full charm and glory of this immortal creation of the poet? Did
+its lines ring in their ears the next day, and the next, and the next?
+Did they foresee how its rhythm would dance down the ages and abide in
+these present days, and in this present speech of ours?
+
+But this is something that I, your truthful reporter, cannot answer
+
+[Illustration: A Dance of the Sixteenth Century
+
+     "A fortnight hold we this solemnity.
+      In nightly revels and new jollity."
+]
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+                                III.
+
+                    An Old-Time Christmas Carol.
+
+
+                Sung to the Queen in the Presence at
+                        Whitehall MDXCVI.
+
+
+     I sing of a maiden
+       That is makeless.[1]
+     King of all kings
+       To her son she ches.[2]
+     He came al so still
+       There his mother was,
+     As dew in April
+       That falleth on the grass.
+     He came al so still
+       To his mother's bower,
+     As dew in April
+       That falleth on the flower.
+     He came al so still
+       There his mother lay,
+     As dew in April
+       That falleth on the spray.
+     Mother and maiden
+       Was never none but she;
+     Well may such a lady
+       God's mother be.
+
+
+[1] Matchless.
+
+[2] Chose.
+
+
+                                Ye End.
+
+[Illustration: Decorative Emblem]
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Shakespeare's Christmas Gift to Queen
+Bess, by Anna Benneson McMahan
+
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