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MacGregor + </title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + P { margin-top: .5em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .5em; + text-indent: 1em; + } + H1 { + text-align: center; font-family: garamond, serif; /* all headings centered */ + } + H5,H6 { + text-align: center; font-family: garamond, serif; /* all headings centered */ + } + H2 { + text-align: center; font-family: garamond, serif; /* centered and coloured */ + } + H3 { + text-align: center; font-family: garamond, serif; /* centered and coloured */ + } + H4 { + text-align: center; font-family: garamond, serif; /* all headings centered */ + } + HR { width: 33%; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; + } + BODY{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + a {text-decoration: none} /* no lines under links */ + div.centered {text-align: center;} /* work around for IE centering with CSS problem part 1 */ + div.centered table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;} /* work around for IE centering with CSS problem part 2 */ + ul {list-style-type: none} /* no bullets on lists */ + li {margin-top: .15em; margin-bottom: .15em;} /* spacing for list */ + + .cen {text-align: center; text-indent: 0em;} /* centering paragraphs */ + .sc {font-variant: small-caps; font-size: 95%;} /* small caps, normal size */ + .dateleft {width: 30%; text-align: left;} + .dateright {width: 30%; text-align: right; position: absolute; right: 10%; padding-right: 15%;} + + .noin {text-indent: 0em;} /* no indenting */ + .linenum {position: absolute; top: auto; left: 4%;} /* poetry number */ + .note {margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 2em; margin-bottom: 1em;} /* footnote */ + .block {margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 5%;} /* block indent */ + .right {text-align: right; padding-right: 2em;} /* right aligning paragraphs */ + .totoc {position: absolute; right: 2%; font-size: 75%; text-align: right;} /* Table of contents anchor */ + .totoi {position: absolute; right: 2%; font-size: 75%; text-align: right;} /* to Table of Illustrations link */ + .img {text-align: center; padding: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} /* centering images */ + .sidenote {width: 20%; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding-left: 1em; font-size: smaller; float: right; clear: right;} + .tdr {text-align: right;} /* right align cell */ + .tdc {text-align: center;} /* center align cell */ + .tdl {text-align: left;} /* left align cell */ + .tdlsc {text-align: left; font-variant: small-caps;} /* aligning cell content and small caps */ + .tdrsc {text-align: right; font-variant: small-caps;} /* aligning cell content and small caps */ + .tdcsc {text-align: center; font-variant: small-caps;} /* aligning cell content and small caps */ + .tr {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; margin-top: 5%; margin-bottom: 5%; padding: 1em; background-color: #f6f2f2; color: black; border: dotted black 1px;} /* transcriber's notes */ + + .pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; right: 2%; + font-size: 75%; + text-align: right; + text-indent: 0em; + font-style: normal; + font-weight: normal; + color: silver; background-color: inherit; + font-variant: normal;} /* page numbers */ + + .footnotes {border: dashed 1px;} + .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 90%;} + .footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} + .fnanchor {vertical-align: text-top; font-size: .8em; text-decoration: none;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; text-align: left;} + .poem br {display: none;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem span {display: block; margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i2 {display: block; margin-left: 2em;} + .poem span.i4 {display: block; margin-left: 4em;} + // --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Report by the Governor on a Visit to the +Micmac Indians at Bay d'Espoir, by William MacGregor + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Report by the Governor on a Visit to the Micmac Indians at Bay d'Espoir + Colonial Reports, Miscellaneous. No. 54. Newfoundland + +Author: William MacGregor + +Release Date: August 29, 2006 [EBook #19144] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REPORT BY THE GOVERNOR ON A *** + + + + +Produced by A www.PGDP.net Volunteer, Jeannie Howse and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<br /> +<hr /> +<br /> + +<h3>COLONIAL REPORTS—MISCELLANEOUS.</h3> +<br /> +<h3>No. 54.</h3> +<br /> +<h1>NEWFOUNDLAND.</h1> +<br /> +<h3>REPORT BY THE GOVERNOR ON A VISIT TO<br /> +THE MICMAC INDIANS AT BAY D'ESPOIR.</h3> +<br /> +<h4><i>Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of His Majesty.<br /> +September, 1908.</i></h4> +<br /> +<div class="img"> +<a href="images/deco.png"> +<img border="0" src="images/deco.png" alt="publishers mark" /></a> +</div> +<br /> + +<h5>LONDON:<br /> +PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,<br /> +<span class="sc">By DARLING & SON, Ltd., 34-40, Bacon Street, E.</span></h5> +<br /> +<h5>And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from<br /> +<span class="sc">WYMAN and SONS, Ltd., Fetter Lane</span>, E.C., and<br /> +32, <span class="sc">Abingdon Street, Westminster</span>, S.W.; or<br /> +OLIVER & BOYD, <span class="sc">Tweeddale Court, Edinburgh</span>; or<br /> +E. PONSONBY, 116, <span class="sc">Grafton Street, Dublin</span>.<br /> +<br /> +1908.</h5> +<br /> +<p class="noin">[Cd. 4197.] <i>Price 2d.</i></p> + +<br /> +<hr /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span><br /> + +<h3>No. 54.</h3> + +<h2>NEWFOUNDLAND.</h2> + +<h3>REPORT BY THE GOVERNOR ON A VISIT TO THE MICMAC INDIANS AT BAY +D'ESPOIR.</h3> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<h4 class="sc">The Governor to the Secretary of State.</h4> + +<p class="right"><span style="padding-right: 4em;">Government House,</span><br /> +<span style="padding-right: 3em;">St. John's,</span><br /> +8th July, 1908.<br /> +</p> + +<p class="noin sc">My Lord,</p> + +<p>I have the honour to inform you that I left St. John's on the 28th May +to visit the settlement of the Micmac Indians at Bay d'Espoir, on the +south coast of this Island.</p> + +<p>Bay d'Espoir is a long inlet of the sea, extending up country over a +score of miles. The district is hilly, and is covered by a forest of +rather small trees, spruce and birch, but further inland the hills are +generally bare. There are comparatively few European residents in this +bay.</p> + +<p>2. The Micmac settlement is on a reservation situated on the eastern +side of the Conne arm of the bay, with a frontage to the water of 230 +chains, with an average depth of about 30 chains. It is on the slope +of a wooded hill which is generally steep down to the sea, and at most +places hard and rocky, covered by spruce forest. Most of the Micmac +houses are on an area of about a quarter of a mile, where the ground +is least steep and most suitable for building and gardening. In +Appendix I. hereto is given a list of the 23 families, consisting of +131 persons, now living on or near the Reservation; and of the 7 +persons that have left it for Glenwood in this Colony. Two years ago +three families left the Reservation to settle at Lewisport, and have +not returned.</p> + +<p>3. The Reservation, it appears, was laid off for the Micmacs about +1872, by Mr. Murray, Geological Surveyor of the Colony. It contained +24 blocks of about 30 acres each, with a water frontage of 10 chains. +From the copy of the plan of the Reservation enclosed herewith it will +be noticed that each parcel was to form the subject of a personal +grant to the individual whose name is on the allotment. The right then +conferred was in each case a "licence to occupy," of which I enclose<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span> +a copy in blank form. The licence, it will be observed, would, on the +fulfilment of certain conditions, have been replaced by a grant in +fee, after five years. In few cases, if in any, have the terms of the +licence been complied with, and no grant in fee or other title has +been issued to any of the occupants on this Reservation.</p> + +<div class="img"> +<a href="images/plan.png"> +<img border="0" src="images/plan.png" width="95%" alt="Plan of Indian Settlement Conne River Bay D'Espoir" /></a> +<p class="cen sc" style="margin-top: .2em;">Plan of Indian Settlement Conne River Bay D'Espoir</p> +</div> + +<p>4. These Micmacs are hunters and trappers, and are ignorant alike of +agriculture, of seamanship, and of fishing. There are not more than +three or four acres of cultivated land in the whole settlement. The +greatest cultivator would not grow in one year more than three or four +barrels of potatoes and a few heads of cabbage. There are two +miserable cows in the place, and some of the least poor Micmacs +possess three or four extremely wretched sheep. They have practically +no fowls, but I saw one fowl and a tame wild goose. Their houses are +small and inferior, of sawn timber, but have windows of glass. A few +hundred yards of road, constructed at the expense of the Government, +traverses the end of the settlement where most of the people reside.</p> + +<p>5. The community is Roman Catholic, and they have a small church, +decently well built and kept, on the best site on the Reservation. It +is built of sawn timber and would contain nearly one hundred people, +which is too small for the festival of St. Anne, the patroness of the +congregation. Over the entrance to the church there is printed in +large characters, in the Micmac language, a total prohibition against +spitting in church.</p> + +<p>The cemetery immediately adjoins the church, and there they bury their +dead as members of a single family.</p> + +<p>They have had a small school open since the 17th January last. It is a +wooden room, about 12 feet by 15 feet, by no means new, with a small +stove and two little windows.</p> + +<p>The teacher is a woman of partly Micmac origin. She receives some very +small allowance from the parish priest, and a few of the children, she +says, pay some small fees. There are 34 children on the roll, and the +winter attendance was from 25 to 30. They are divided into three +classes, the highest of which could read slowly, in English, words of +three or four letters. About half of them could write a little, a few +of them surprisingly well on such brief tuition. The teacher says they +are very amenable to discipline. Seldom has a school been started +under greater difficulties than this Micmac institution. I was able +sincerely to congratulate the teacher on what she has been able to +accomplish under such unfavourable circumstances. It is manifest that +the children are bright and clever, and that they would become useful +and intelligent citizens if they had ordinary educational advantages. +In this probably lies the best hope of a future prospect for this +community. The settlement is visited now once a month by the <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span>parish +priest; and in his absence, one of themselves, Stephen Jeddore, reads +the service on Sunday. Last year they were visited by the Right +Reverend Bishop McNeil.</p> + +<p>6. They appear to be a comparatively healthy people. So far as known, +no one is at present affected by tuberculosis in any form. I saw one +woman of ninety years of age, Sarah Aseleka, perhaps the only Micmac +of pure blood in the settlement. She was born at Bay St. George, and +came to Bay d'Espoir some three score of years ago when the Micmacs +first settled in this bay. The next oldest person is John Bernard, who +is about eighty. Few of them were even fairly well clothed; the +majority were in rags. A few wore home-made deer-skin boots, but most +of them had purchased ready-made boots or shoes. They make deer-skin +boots by scraping caribou skin, and tanning it in a decoction of +spruce bark. Such boots are, they state, worn through in a few days. +The women can spin wool, and knit stockings. Their food consists +chiefly of flour, a few potatoes, some cabbage, and perhaps about half +a score of caribou a year for each family, hung up on trees and thus +frozen during the winter. They also smoke fish, principally freshwater +fish, and obtain a few grouse and hares, but this small game has +almost disappeared from the district. They have to go inland a score +of miles to obtain caribou for food.</p> + +<p>The men are of good size, and strongly built, but clearly of mixed +descent, many being nearly like Europeans. The children have all, +without exception, very dark, soft eyes, straight black hair, and the +nose much more prominent than in the Esquimaux of Labrador.</p> + +<p>7. The principal Chief is Olibia, but I unfortunately did not meet +him. He had gone out in March to his trapping ground near Mount +Sylvester, but could not then reach his traps on account of the +unusually great quantity of snow, and he had returned thither at the +time of my visit.</p> + +<p>I was informed that he was selected as Chief by the Micmacs of the +Reservation, and was appointed by the principal Micmac Chief at St. +Anne's, Nova Scotia, and by the priest. I was shown the insignia of +office worn on ceremonial occasions by the Chief. It consists of a +gold medallion with a chain attached, the whole in a case covered by +red velvet. The medallion is inscribed "Presented to the Chief of the +Micmacs Indians of Newfoundland," but with neither name nor date. The +community paid for this badge of office forty-eight dollars.</p> + +<p>The second chief is Geodol—called in English Noel Jeddore—who +represented Olibia in his absence. Geodol is the owner of one of the +two cows on the Reservation, and his brother possesses the second one. +The Chieftainship is not hereditary, but is conferred, when a vacancy +occurs, on the man the people prefer. They are easy to govern and +seldom quarrel. They have no intoxicating liquor and seldom obtain +any. They pay 60 to 70 cents a pound for their tobacco, 20 to 30 +cents <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span>for gunpowder, and 10 cents for shot. They sell their fur +locally where they make their small family purchases.</p> + +<p>8. The head of each family has his own special trapping ground in the +interior, over which others may travel, fish, or shoot, but not trap. +For example Geodol, the second chief, traps about Gulp Lake; Olibia, +the chief, about Mount Sylvester; Nicholas Jeddore about Burnt Hill; +George Jeddore at Bare Hill and Middle Ridge; Stephen Jeddore at +Scaffold Hill; Noel Matthews at Great Burnt Lake; &c.</p> + +<p>None go as far north as the railway, but Meiklejohn goes as far as +John's Pond. Europeans are encroaching on their trapping lands, but do +not go far inland. This pushes the Micmacs further inland to get away +from the Europeans. They claim no fishing rights at sea, and say +frankly they are only trappers and guides.</p> + +<p>They go inland in September, when their first care is to shoot a deer +and smoke the flesh as food. They return home from the 20th to the +25th November to prepare their traps for fox, lynx, otter, and bear. +In December they shoot, as winter food for the family, does and young +stags, but not old stags. They say the arctic hare is now very rare on +their trapping lands; and snipe, geese, and ducks are far fewer than +they were a few years ago. They appear to be very careful not to waste +venison, never killing any deer they do not actually require and use +as food.</p> + +<p>9. It is not possible to regard the present condition and the +prospects of this settlement of Micmacs as being bright. Game, their +principal food, is manifestly becoming more difficult to procure; +their trapping lands are being encroached upon by Europeans; they are +not seamen; they are not fishermen; and they do not understand +agriculture. In the middle of their Reservation a saw-mill has been in +operation some years, apparently on the allotment of Bernard John, but +without his sanction or permission, and, it seems, in spite of the +protests of the community. None of the Micmacs work at this mill. +Formerly they cut logs for it, but the trees that grew near the water +have, they say, all been used up and there are none left within their +reach that they could bring to the water. The saw-mill is thus an +eyesore to them, as it is on what they regard as their land, and in +defiance of them.</p> + +<p>Although they have not complied with the conditions set forth on the +form of licence, which would have entitled them to a grant in fee, yet +their occupation has extended over so many years that there is no +probability whatever that the Government of Newfoundland would +withhold from them grants, as a matter of grace, if they only applied +for them and could show how they could use the land. It would not be +difficult to find a location for the community that would be more +suitable for them so far as cultivation is concerned, and be equally +good <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span>for hunting and trapping. With some aid, such as supplies of +seed potatoes and a few animals, they could no doubt derive much +greater resources than at present from agriculture, especially if to +that were added a good school for the young.</p> + +<p>The question of their trapping lands will have to be dealt with before +long. Each man regards his rights to his trapping area as +unimpeachable. They are recognised at present among themselves, but +they have no official sanction for their trapping lands either as a +community or as individuals, just as they have no official title to +the Reservation.</p> + +<p>I was accompanied on this visit by the Honourable Eli Dawe, Minister +of Marine and Fisheries, who, as a member of the Government, will +himself take an interest in the settlement, and call the attention of +his colleagues to the condition of the Micmacs. I was also assisted by +Mr. James Howley, who has been on friendly terms with these people for +many years. I enclose photographs<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a> of some of the Micmacs, taken by +Mr. Howley during this visit.</p> + +<p>10. The Micmacs are held by ethnologists to be a branch of the +Algonquins, who inhabited Maine, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. It +was from the last-named province that they extended to Newfoundland, +apparently not much more than a century ago. The fact that they did +not effect a lodgment on Newfoundland sooner may be at least partly +accounted for by supposing that the Beothuks, the aboriginal natives +of Newfoundland, were able to defend themselves and their country from +the Micmacs so long as both sides were unprovided with firearms, and +until the Beothuks were nearly destroyed by their French and English +aggressors.</p> + +<p>A sufficiently accurate view of the arrival and early doings of the +Micmacs in Newfoundland may be had from the brief extracts from +official records enclosed herewith. Governor Duckworth reports in 1809 +that the Micmacs were coming over, and that the Beothuks were keeping +to the interior in dread of them. The Governor followed up this Report +next year (1810) by a Proclamation to the Micmacs and other American +Indians frequenting Newfoundland, warning them that any person that +murdered a native Indian (Beothuk) would be punished with death. +Unfortunately this Proclamation it would appear had no restraining +effect, as Governor Keats reports to the Secretary of State in 1815 +that the Micmacs had recently come over from Nova Scotia in greater +numbers, and had reached the eastern coast of Newfoundland; and he +expressed the fear that these newcomers would destroy the native +Indians of the Island, whose arms were the bow and arrow.</p> + +<p>The Micmacs, it appears, have always possessed firearms since they +arrived in Newfoundland. On the other hand I have never heard of a +single instance in which the native Beothuks ever obtained such a +weapon. The fears of Governor Keats were therefore only too well +founded. The unfortunate <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span>Beothuk was thus crushed out of existence by +the white man and the invading Micmac. Between the white man and the +Beothuk there was always hostility; and I have not heard of any family +or person in Newfoundland in whose veins flows Beothuk blood. On the +other hand it may be doubted whether there is a single pure-blooded +Micmac on the Island to-day. As an ethnic unit the Micmac can +therefore hardly be said to exist here.</p> + +<p>At the same time the Micmac community, such as it is, will not, at +least for several generations, be absorbed into the European +population of Newfoundland. It is at present a separate entity, and as +such clearly requires special attention and treatment at the hands of +the Administration, for the Reservation families have claims on +Newfoundland by right of a century of Micmac occupation, and by virtue +of the European blood that probably each one of them has inherited.</p> + +<p class="right"> +<span style="padding-right: 4em;">I have, &c.,</span><br /> +<span class="sc" style="padding-right: 4em;">Wm. MacGregor.</span></p> +<br /> +<p>The Right Honourable<br /> +<span style="padding-left: 2em;">The Earl of Crewe, K.G.,</span><br /> +<span style="padding-left: 4em;">&c., &c., &c.</span></p> + +<br /> +<hr style="width: 15%;" /> +<br /> + +<h4>FOOTNOTES:</h4> + +<div class="footnote"><p class="noin"><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Not reproduced.</p></div> + +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<hr /> +<br /> + +<h3 class="sc">Appendix I.</h3> +<br /> + +<h4>MICMACS AT CONNE SETTLEMENT, 29th May, 1908.</h4> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="70%" summary="Micmacs at Conne River, 1908."> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" width="45%" style="padding-left: 1em;">Head of Family.</td> + <td class="tdc" width="10%">Family.</td> + <td class="tdl" width="45%" style="padding-left: 1em;">Condition of Members of Family.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Stephen Joe</td> + <td class="tdc">5</td> + <td class="tdl">Self, wife, 3 children.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Stephen Bernard</td> + <td class="tdc">5</td> + <td class="tdl">Self, mother, 3 children.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Noel Matthew</td> + <td class="tdc">13</td> + <td class="tdl">Self, wife, 11 children.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Nicholas Jeddore</td> + <td class="tdc">5</td> + <td class="tdl">Self, wife, 3 children.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Noel Jeddore</td> + <td class="tdc">9</td> + <td class="tdl">Self, wife, 7 children.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Bernard John</td> + <td class="tdc">2</td> + <td class="tdl">Self, wife.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">John</td> + <td class="tdc">5</td> + <td class="tdl">Self, sister, 3 brothers.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Joseph Jeddore</td> + <td class="tdc">3</td> + <td class="tdl">Self, wife, 1 brother.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Stephen Jeddore</td> + <td class="tdc">7</td> + <td class="tdl">Self, wife, 5 children.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">John McDonald, Sr.</td> + <td class="tdc">2</td> + <td class="tdl">Self, wife.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">John D. Jeddore</td> + <td class="tdc">2</td> + <td class="tdl">Self, wife.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">John McDonald, Jr.</td> + <td class="tdc">7</td> + <td class="tdl">Self, wife, 5 children.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">William Drew</td> + <td class="tdc">4</td> + <td class="tdl">Self, wife, 2 children.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Matthew Burke</td> + <td class="tdc">4</td> + <td class="tdl">Self, wife, 2 children.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">John Benoit</td> + <td class="tdc">9</td> + <td class="tdl">Self, wife, 7 children.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Ben Benoit</td> + <td class="tdc">12</td> + <td class="tdl">Self, wife, 10 children.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">John Juks</td> + <td class="tdc">7</td> + <td class="tdl">Self, 6 children.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Edward Pullett</td> + <td class="tdc">4</td> + <td class="tdl">Self, wife, 2 children.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Reuben Louis</td> + <td class="tdc">2</td> + <td class="tdl">Self, sister.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Thomas McDonald</td> + <td class="tdc">8</td> + <td class="tdl">Self, wife, 6 children.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Peter Joe</td> + <td class="tdc">5</td> + <td class="tdl">Self, wife, 3 children.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">John Martin</td> + <td class="tdc">3</td> + <td class="tdl">Self, wife, 1 child.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdc" colspan="2">Total Micmacs on the Reservation, 123.</td> + <td> </td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> + +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span><br /> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="70%" summary="Micmacs not at Conne River, 1908."> + <tr> + <td class="tdc" colspan="3" style="padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em;"><i>Living off the Reservation were—</i></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" width="45%" style="padding-left: 1em;">Head of Family.</td> + <td class="tdc" width="10%">Family.</td> + <td class="tdl" width="45%" style="padding-left: 1em;">Condition of Members of Family.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">William McDonald</td> + <td class="tdc">8</td> + <td class="tdl">Self, wife, 6 children.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdc" colspan="3" style="padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em;"><i>Gone to Glenwood.</i></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Lewis John</td> + <td class="tdc">5</td> + <td class="tdl">Self, wife, 3 children.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Peter John</td> + <td class="tdc">1</td> + <td class="tdl">Self.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Louis John</td> + <td class="tdc">1</td> + <td class="tdl">Self.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdc" colspan="3" style="padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em;"><i>Totals.</i></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="2">Living on the Reservation</td> + <td class="tdr" style="padding-right: 4em;">123</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="2">Living near the Reservation</td> + <td class="tdr" style="padding-right: 4em;"> 8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="2">Gone from the Reservation to Glenwood</td> + <td class="tdr" style="text-decoration: underline; padding-right: 4em;"> 7</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="2">Total</td> + <td class="tdr" style="text-decoration: underline; padding-right: 4em;">138</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> + +<br /> +<hr /> +<br /> + +<h3 class="sc">Appendix II.</h3> +<br /> + +<div class="block"> +<p class="noin"><span class="dateleft sc">Newfoundland.</span><span class="dateright"><i>No.</i></span></p> + +<p class="right" style="margin-left: 55%;"><i>To all to whom these Presents +shall come, I,</i> <span class="sc">Anthony +Musgrave</span>, <i>Esquire, Governor +and Commander-in-Chief in and +over the island of Newfoundland +and its Dependencies, &c., &c.</i></p> +<p class="sc">Send Greeting:</p> + +<p><span class="sc">Whereas</span></p> +<p class="noin">of desirous of permanently settling on +the Land hereinafter mentioned: <span class="sc">Know ye</span>, that in +pursuance of the power and authority vested in me by the Act of +the Legislature of this Colony, passed in the 23rd year of the +Reign of Her present Majesty, entitled "An Act to amend an Act +passed in the Seventh year of Her Majesty's Reign, entitled 'An +Act to make provision for the Disposal and Sale of ungranted and +unoccupied Crown Lands, within the Island of Newfoundland and its +Dependencies, and for other purposes';" I, the said Governor, do +hereby give to the said a License to +Occupy all that Piece or Parcel of Land situate and being</p> + +<p class="noin">To Have and to Hold the same, with all rights and all privileges +thereto belonging, to the said +Executors, Administrators and Assigns, for the term of Five Years +from the date of these Presents: Provided always that if the said + shall have settled on and occupied the said +Land for the said term of Five Years, and have cultivated +acres thereof, within the said term, and have conformed to the +provisions of said Act, shall be entitled to a Grant in fee, +under the Great Seal, for the said Land: but should he fail to +comply with the conditions of this License and conform to the said +Act, he shall forfeit all claim to the said Land and Grant +aforesaid.</p> + +<p class="right" style="margin-left: 55%;">Given under my Hand and Seal at St. John's +in Our Island of Newfoundland, this<br /> + day of <br /> +Anno Domini One Thousand Eight<br /> +Hundred and <br /> +By His Excellency's Command,<br /> +<i>Colonial Secretary.</i></p> +</div> + +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<hr /><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span><br /> + +<h3 class="sc">Appendix III.</h3> +<br /> + +<div class="block"> +<p class="right"><span style="padding-right: 3em;">"Antelope" at Spithead.</span><br /> +25th November, 1809.</p> + +<p class="cen" style="font-weight: bold;"> · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·</p> +<p>I am sorry to inform Your Lordship that I am again disappointed in my +hopes of coming at the Native Indians (Beothuks); they still keep in +the interior of the Island (it is reported) from a dread of the +Micmacs, who come over from Cape Breton. The articles that were +purchased for them are deposited in the Naval Store House at St. +John's, where I have directed them to be kept for some future trial of +meeting with them.</p> + +<p class="cen" style="font-weight: bold;"> · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·</p> +</div> + +<br /> +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> +<br /> + +<div class="block"> +<h4 class="sc">The Governor's Address to the Micmacs, &c.</h4> + +<p>His Excellency, Sir John Thomas Duckworth, K.B., Vice-Admiral of the +Red, Governor and Commander-in-Chief in and over the Island of +Newfoundland, &c.</p> + +<p>To the Micmacs, the Esquimaux, and other American Indians frequenting +the said Island, Greeting:</p> + +<p><span class="sc">Whereas</span> it is the gracious pleasure of His Majesty the King, +my master, that all kindness should be shewn to you in his Island of +Newfoundland, and that all persons of all nations at friendship with +him should be considered in this respect as his own subjects, and +equally claiming his protection while they are within his Dominions: +This is to greet you in His Majesty's name and to entreat you to live +in harmony with each other, and to consider all his subjects and all +persons inhabiting in his Dominions as your brothers, always ready to +do you service, to redress your grievances, and to relieve you in your +distress. In the same light also are you to consider the native +Indians of this Island; they too are, equally with ourselves, under +the protection of our King, and therefore equally entitled to your +friendship. You are entreated to behave to them on all occasions as +you would do to ourselves. You know that we are your friends, and as +they too are our friends, we beg you to be at peace with each other. +And withal, you are hereby warned that the safety of these Indians is +so precious to His Majesty, who is always the support of the feeble, +that if one of ourselves were to do them wrong he would be punished as +certainly and as severely as if the injury had been done to the +greatest among his own people, and he who dared to murder any one of +them would be severely punished with death; your own safety is in the +same manner provided for; see therefore that you do no injury to them. +If an Englishman were known to murder the poorest and the meanest of +your Indians, his death would be the punishment of his crime. Do you +not therefore deprive any one of our friends, the native Indians, of +his life, or it will be answered with the life of him who has been +guilty of murder.</p> + +<p>Fort Townshend, St. John's, Newfoundland,<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">1st August, 1810.</span></p> +<p class="right sc">J.T. Duckworth.</p> +</div> + +<br /> +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> +<br /> + +<div class="block"> +<p class="cen"><i>Extract from Despatch from Governor Sir R.G. Keats to the Secretary +of State, 10th November, 1815.</i></p> + +<p>Some years ago the Micmac Indians formed a settlement in St. George's +Bay on the West Coast of Newfoundland, which is thriving and +industrious. The success of this settlement has probably induced +others to follow them, and latterly they have come over in more +considerable numbers, penetrated into the country and shewn themselves +the present season on the eastern coast of Newfoundland. It is to be +feared the arrival of these new comers will prove fatal to the native +Indians of the Island, whose arms are the bow, with whom their tribe +as well as the Esquimaux are at war, and whose number it is believed +has for some years past not exceeded a few hundred.</p> + +<p>10th November, 1815.</p> +</div> + +<br /> +<hr /> +<br /> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Report by the Governor on a Visit to +the Micmac Indians at Bay d'Espoir, by William MacGregor + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REPORT BY THE GOVERNOR ON A *** + +***** This file should be named 19144-h.htm or 19144-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/9/1/4/19144/ + +Produced by A www.PGDP.net Volunteer, Jeannie Howse and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Report by the Governor on a Visit to the Micmac Indians at Bay d'Espoir + Colonial Reports, Miscellaneous. No. 54. Newfoundland + +Author: William MacGregor + +Release Date: August 29, 2006 [EBook #19144] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REPORT BY THE GOVERNOR ON A *** + + + + +Produced by A www.PGDP.net Volunteer, Jeannie Howse and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + + + +COLONIAL REPORTS--MISCELLANEOUS. + +No. 54. + +NEWFOUNDLAND. + +REPORT BY THE GOVERNOR ON A VISIT TO +THE MICMAC INDIANS AT BAY D'ESPOIR. + +Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of His Majesty. +_September, 1908._ + +[Illustration] + +LONDON: +PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE, +BY DARLING & SON, LTD., 34-40, BACON STREET, E. + +And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from +WYMAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, E.C., and +32, ABINGDON STREET, WESTMINSTER, S.W.; or +OLIVER & BOYD, TWEEDDALE COURT, EDINBURGH; or +E. PONSONBY, 116, GRAFTON STREET, DUBLIN. + +1908. + +[Cd. 4197.] _Price 2d._ + + + + +No. 54. + +NEWFOUNDLAND. + +REPORT BY THE GOVERNOR ON A VISIT TO THE MICMAC INDIANS AT BAY +D'ESPOIR. + + +THE GOVERNOR TO THE SECRETARY OF STATE. + + Government House, + St. John's, + 8th July, 1908. + +MY LORD, + +I have the honour to inform you that I left St. John's on the 28th May +to visit the settlement of the Micmac Indians at Bay d'Espoir, on the +south coast of this Island. + +Bay d'Espoir is a long inlet of the sea, extending up country over a +score of miles. The district is hilly, and is covered by a forest of +rather small trees, spruce and birch, but further inland the hills are +generally bare. There are comparatively few European residents in this +bay. + +2. The Micmac settlement is on a reservation situated on the eastern +side of the Conne arm of the bay, with a frontage to the water of 230 +chains, with an average depth of about 30 chains. It is on the slope +of a wooded hill which is generally steep down to the sea, and at most +places hard and rocky, covered by spruce forest. Most of the Micmac +houses are on an area of about a quarter of a mile, where the ground +is least steep and most suitable for building and gardening. In +Appendix I. hereto is given a list of the 23 families, consisting of +131 persons, now living on or near the Reservation; and of the 7 +persons that have left it for Glenwood in this Colony. Two years ago +three families left the Reservation to settle at Lewisport, and have +not returned. + +3. The Reservation, it appears, was laid off for the Micmacs about +1872, by Mr. Murray, Geological Surveyor of the Colony. It contained +24 blocks of about 30 acres each, with a water frontage of 10 chains. +From the copy of the plan of the Reservation enclosed herewith it will +be noticed that each parcel was to form the subject of a personal +grant to the individual whose name is on the allotment. The right then +conferred was in each case a "licence to occupy," of which I enclose +a copy in blank form. The licence, it will be observed, would, on the +fulfilment of certain conditions, have been replaced by a grant in +fee, after five years. In few cases, if in any, have the terms of the +licence been complied with, and no grant in fee or other title has +been issued to any of the occupants on this Reservation. + +[Illustration: PLAN OF INDIAN SETTLEMENT CONNE RIVER BAY D'ESPOIR] + +4. These Micmacs are hunters and trappers, and are ignorant alike of +agriculture, of seamanship, and of fishing. There are not more than +three or four acres of cultivated land in the whole settlement. The +greatest cultivator would not grow in one year more than three or four +barrels of potatoes and a few heads of cabbage. There are two +miserable cows in the place, and some of the least poor Micmacs +possess three or four extremely wretched sheep. They have practically +no fowls, but I saw one fowl and a tame wild goose. Their houses are +small and inferior, of sawn timber, but have windows of glass. A few +hundred yards of road, constructed at the expense of the Government, +traverses the end of the settlement where most of the people reside. + +5. The community is Roman Catholic, and they have a small church, +decently well built and kept, on the best site on the Reservation. It +is built of sawn timber and would contain nearly one hundred people, +which is too small for the festival of St. Anne, the patroness of the +congregation. Over the entrance to the church there is printed in +large characters, in the Micmac language, a total prohibition against +spitting in church. + +The cemetery immediately adjoins the church, and there they bury their +dead as members of a single family. + +They have had a small school open since the 17th January last. It is a +wooden room, about 12 feet by 15 feet, by no means new, with a small +stove and two little windows. + +The teacher is a woman of partly Micmac origin. She receives some very +small allowance from the parish priest, and a few of the children, she +says, pay some small fees. There are 34 children on the roll, and the +winter attendance was from 25 to 30. They are divided into three +classes, the highest of which could read slowly, in English, words of +three or four letters. About half of them could write a little, a few +of them surprisingly well on such brief tuition. The teacher says they +are very amenable to discipline. Seldom has a school been started +under greater difficulties than this Micmac institution. I was able +sincerely to congratulate the teacher on what she has been able to +accomplish under such unfavourable circumstances. It is manifest that +the children are bright and clever, and that they would become useful +and intelligent citizens if they had ordinary educational advantages. +In this probably lies the best hope of a future prospect for this +community. The settlement is visited now once a month by the parish +priest; and in his absence, one of themselves, Stephen Jeddore, reads +the service on Sunday. Last year they were visited by the Right +Reverend Bishop McNeil. + +6. They appear to be a comparatively healthy people. So far as known, +no one is at present affected by tuberculosis in any form. I saw one +woman of ninety years of age, Sarah Aseleka, perhaps the only Micmac +of pure blood in the settlement. She was born at Bay St. George, and +came to Bay d'Espoir some three score of years ago when the Micmacs +first settled in this bay. The next oldest person is John Bernard, who +is about eighty. Few of them were even fairly well clothed; the +majority were in rags. A few wore home-made deer-skin boots, but most +of them had purchased ready-made boots or shoes. They make deer-skin +boots by scraping caribou skin, and tanning it in a decoction of +spruce bark. Such boots are, they state, worn through in a few days. +The women can spin wool, and knit stockings. Their food consists +chiefly of flour, a few potatoes, some cabbage, and perhaps about half +a score of caribou a year for each family, hung up on trees and thus +frozen during the winter. They also smoke fish, principally freshwater +fish, and obtain a few grouse and hares, but this small game has +almost disappeared from the district. They have to go inland a score +of miles to obtain caribou for food. + +The men are of good size, and strongly built, but clearly of mixed +descent, many being nearly like Europeans. The children have all, +without exception, very dark, soft eyes, straight black hair, and the +nose much more prominent than in the Esquimaux of Labrador. + +7. The principal Chief is Olibia, but I unfortunately did not meet +him. He had gone out in March to his trapping ground near Mount +Sylvester, but could not then reach his traps on account of the +unusually great quantity of snow, and he had returned thither at the +time of my visit. + +I was informed that he was selected as Chief by the Micmacs of the +Reservation, and was appointed by the principal Micmac Chief at St. +Anne's, Nova Scotia, and by the priest. I was shown the insignia of +office worn on ceremonial occasions by the Chief. It consists of a +gold medallion with a chain attached, the whole in a case covered by +red velvet. The medallion is inscribed "Presented to the Chief of the +Micmacs Indians of Newfoundland," but with neither name nor date. The +community paid for this badge of office forty-eight dollars. + +The second chief is Geodol--called in English Noel Jeddore--who +represented Olibia in his absence. Geodol is the owner of one of the +two cows on the Reservation, and his brother possesses the second one. +The Chieftainship is not hereditary, but is conferred, when a vacancy +occurs, on the man the people prefer. They are easy to govern and +seldom quarrel. They have no intoxicating liquor and seldom obtain +any. They pay 60 to 70 cents a pound for their tobacco, 20 to 30 +cents for gunpowder, and 10 cents for shot. They sell their fur +locally where they make their small family purchases. + +8. The head of each family has his own special trapping ground in the +interior, over which others may travel, fish, or shoot, but not trap. +For example Geodol, the second chief, traps about Gulp Lake; Olibia, +the chief, about Mount Sylvester; Nicholas Jeddore about Burnt Hill; +George Jeddore at Bare Hill and Middle Ridge; Stephen Jeddore at +Scaffold Hill; Noel Matthews at Great Burnt Lake; &c. + +None go as far north as the railway, but Meiklejohn goes as far as +John's Pond. Europeans are encroaching on their trapping lands, but do +not go far inland. This pushes the Micmacs further inland to get away +from the Europeans. They claim no fishing rights at sea, and say +frankly they are only trappers and guides. + +They go inland in September, when their first care is to shoot a deer +and smoke the flesh as food. They return home from the 20th to the +25th November to prepare their traps for fox, lynx, otter, and bear. +In December they shoot, as winter food for the family, does and young +stags, but not old stags. They say the arctic hare is now very rare on +their trapping lands; and snipe, geese, and ducks are far fewer than +they were a few years ago. They appear to be very careful not to waste +venison, never killing any deer they do not actually require and use +as food. + +9. It is not possible to regard the present condition and the +prospects of this settlement of Micmacs as being bright. Game, their +principal food, is manifestly becoming more difficult to procure; +their trapping lands are being encroached upon by Europeans; they are +not seamen; they are not fishermen; and they do not understand +agriculture. In the middle of their Reservation a saw-mill has been in +operation some years, apparently on the allotment of Bernard John, but +without his sanction or permission, and, it seems, in spite of the +protests of the community. None of the Micmacs work at this mill. +Formerly they cut logs for it, but the trees that grew near the water +have, they say, all been used up and there are none left within their +reach that they could bring to the water. The saw-mill is thus an +eyesore to them, as it is on what they regard as their land, and in +defiance of them. + +Although they have not complied with the conditions set forth on the +form of licence, which would have entitled them to a grant in fee, yet +their occupation has extended over so many years that there is no +probability whatever that the Government of Newfoundland would +withhold from them grants, as a matter of grace, if they only applied +for them and could show how they could use the land. It would not be +difficult to find a location for the community that would be more +suitable for them so far as cultivation is concerned, and be equally +good for hunting and trapping. With some aid, such as supplies of +seed potatoes and a few animals, they could no doubt derive much +greater resources than at present from agriculture, especially if to +that were added a good school for the young. + +The question of their trapping lands will have to be dealt with before +long. Each man regards his rights to his trapping area as +unimpeachable. They are recognised at present among themselves, but +they have no official sanction for their trapping lands either as a +community or as individuals, just as they have no official title to +the Reservation. + +I was accompanied on this visit by the Honourable Eli Dawe, Minister +of Marine and Fisheries, who, as a member of the Government, will +himself take an interest in the settlement, and call the attention of +his colleagues to the condition of the Micmacs. I was also assisted by +Mr. James Howley, who has been on friendly terms with these people for +many years. I enclose photographs[A] of some of the Micmacs, taken by +Mr. Howley during this visit. + +10. The Micmacs are held by ethnologists to be a branch of the +Algonquins, who inhabited Maine, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. It +was from the last-named province that they extended to Newfoundland, +apparently not much more than a century ago. The fact that they did +not effect a lodgment on Newfoundland sooner may be at least partly +accounted for by supposing that the Beothuks, the aboriginal natives +of Newfoundland, were able to defend themselves and their country from +the Micmacs so long as both sides were unprovided with firearms, and +until the Beothuks were nearly destroyed by their French and English +aggressors. + +A sufficiently accurate view of the arrival and early doings of the +Micmacs in Newfoundland may be had from the brief extracts from +official records enclosed herewith. Governor Duckworth reports in 1809 +that the Micmacs were coming over, and that the Beothuks were keeping +to the interior in dread of them. The Governor followed up this Report +next year (1810) by a Proclamation to the Micmacs and other American +Indians frequenting Newfoundland, warning them that any person that +murdered a native Indian (Beothuk) would be punished with death. +Unfortunately this Proclamation it would appear had no restraining +effect, as Governor Keats reports to the Secretary of State in 1815 +that the Micmacs had recently come over from Nova Scotia in greater +numbers, and had reached the eastern coast of Newfoundland; and he +expressed the fear that these newcomers would destroy the native +Indians of the Island, whose arms were the bow and arrow. + +The Micmacs, it appears, have always possessed firearms since they +arrived in Newfoundland. On the other hand I have never heard of a +single instance in which the native Beothuks ever obtained such a +weapon. The fears of Governor Keats were therefore only too well +founded. The unfortunate Beothuk was thus crushed out of existence by +the white man and the invading Micmac. Between the white man and the +Beothuk there was always hostility; and I have not heard of any family +or person in Newfoundland in whose veins flows Beothuk blood. On the +other hand it may be doubted whether there is a single pure-blooded +Micmac on the Island to-day. As an ethnic unit the Micmac can +therefore hardly be said to exist here. + +At the same time the Micmac community, such as it is, will not, at +least for several generations, be absorbed into the European +population of Newfoundland. It is at present a separate entity, and as +such clearly requires special attention and treatment at the hands of +the Administration, for the Reservation families have claims on +Newfoundland by right of a century of Micmac occupation, and by virtue +of the European blood that probably each one of them has inherited. + + I have, &c., + WM. MACGREGOR. + +The Right Honourable + The Earl of Crewe, K.G., + &c., &c., &c. + + +FOOTNOTES: + +[Footnote A: Not reproduced.] + + + * * * * * + + + + +APPENDIX I. + + +MICMACS AT CONNE SETTLEMENT, 29th May, 1908. + +Head of Family. Family. Condition of Members + of Family. +Stephen Joe 5 Self, wife, 3 children. +Stephen Bernard 5 Self, mother, 3 children. +Noel Matthew 13 Self, wife, 11 children. +Nicholas Jeddore 5 Self, wife, 3 children. +Noel Jeddore 9 Self, wife, 7 children. +Bernard John 2 Self, wife. +John 5 Self, sister, 3 brothers. +Joseph Jeddore 3 Self, wife, 1 brother. +Stephen Jeddore 7 Self, wife, 5 children. +John McDonald, Sr. 2 Self, wife. +John D. Jeddore 2 Self, wife. +John McDonald, Jr. 7 Self, wife, 5 children. +William Drew 4 Self, wife, 2 children. +Matthew Burke 4 Self, wife, 2 children. +John Benoit 9 Self, wife, 7 children. +Ben Benoit 12 Self, wife, 10 children. +John Juks 7 Self, 6 children. +Edward Pullett 4 Self, wife, 2 children. +Reuben Louis 2 Self, sister. +Thomas McDonald 8 Self, wife, 6 children. +Peter Joe 5 Self, wife, 3 children. +John Martin 3 Self, wife, 1 child. + +Total Micmacs on the Reservation, 123. + + _Living off the Reservation were--_ + +Head of Family. Family. Condition of Members + of Family. +William McDonald 8 Self, wife, 6 children. + + _Gone to Glenwood._ + +Lewis John 5 Self, wife, 3 children. +Peter John 1 Self. +Louis John 1 Self. + + _Totals._ + +Living on the Reservation 123 +Living near the Reservation 8 +Gone from the Reservation to Glenwood 7 + ---- + Total 138 + ---- + + + * * * * * + + + + +APPENDIX II. + + +NEWFOUNDLAND. _No._ + _To all to whom these Presents + shall come, I,_ ANTHONY + MUSGRAVE, _Esquire, Governor + and Commander-in-Chief in and + over the island of Newfoundland + and its Dependencies, &c., &c._ + +SEND GREETING: + + WHEREAS ______________________ + + of __________________________ desirous of permanently settling on + the Land hereinafter mentioned: KNOW YE, that in pursuance of the + power and authority vested in me by the Act of the Legislature of + this Colony, passed in the 23rd year of the Reign of Her present + Majesty, entitled "An Act to amend an Act passed in the Seventh + year of Her Majesty's Reign, entitled 'An Act to make provision + for the Disposal and Sale of ungranted and unoccupied Crown Lands, + within the Island of Newfoundland and its Dependencies, and for + other purposes';" I, the said Governor, do hereby give to the said + ________________________ a License to Occupy all that Piece or + Parcel of Land situate and being + __________________________________________________________________ + To Have and to Hold the same, with all rights and all privileges + thereto belonging, to the said ________________________________ + Executors, Administrators and Assigns, for the term of Five Years + from the date of these Presents: Provided always that if the said + _____________________ shall have settled on and occupied the said + Land for the said term of Five Years, and have cultivated _____ + acres thereof, within the said term, and have conformed to the + provisions of said Act, _____ shall be entitled to a Grant in fee, + under the Great Seal, for the said Land: but should he fail to + comply with the conditions of this License and conform to the said + Act, he shall forfeit all claim to the said Land and Grant + aforesaid. + + Given under my Hand and Seal at St. John's + in Our Island of Newfoundland, this + ___________ day of ______________ + Anno Domini One Thousand Eight + Hundred and _________________ + By His Excellency's Command, + _Colonial Secretary._ + + + + +APPENDIX III. + + + "Antelope" at Spithead. + 25th November, 1809. + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + +I am sorry to inform Your Lordship that I am again disappointed in my +hopes of coming at the Native Indians (Beothuks); they still keep in +the interior of the Island (it is reported) from a dread of the +Micmacs, who come over from Cape Breton. The articles that were +purchased for them are deposited in the Naval Store House at St. +John's, where I have directed them to be kept for some future trial of +meeting with them. + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + * * * * * + + +THE GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS TO THE MICMACS, &C. + +His Excellency, Sir John Thomas Duckworth, K.B., Vice-Admiral of the +Red, Governor and Commander-in-Chief in and over the Island of +Newfoundland, &c. + +To the Micmacs, the Esquimaux, and other American Indians frequenting +the said Island, Greeting: + +WHEREAS it is the gracious pleasure of His Majesty the King, my +master, that all kindness should be shewn to you in his Island of +Newfoundland, and that all persons of all nations at friendship with +him should be considered in this respect as his own subjects, and +equally claiming his protection while they are within his Dominions: +This is to greet you in His Majesty's name and to entreat you to live +in harmony with each other, and to consider all his subjects and all +persons inhabiting in his Dominions as your brothers, always ready to +do you service, to redress your grievances, and to relieve you in your +distress. In the same light also are you to consider the native +Indians of this Island; they too are, equally with ourselves, under +the protection of our King, and therefore equally entitled to your +friendship. You are entreated to behave to them on all occasions as +you would do to ourselves. You know that we are your friends, and as +they too are our friends, we beg you to be at peace with each other. +And withal, you are hereby warned that the safety of these Indians is +so precious to His Majesty, who is always the support of the feeble, +that if one of ourselves were to do them wrong he would be punished as +certainly and as severely as if the injury had been done to the +greatest among his own people, and he who dared to murder any one of +them would be severely punished with death; your own safety is in the +same manner provided for; see therefore that you do no injury to them. +If an Englishman were known to murder the poorest and the meanest of +your Indians, his death would be the punishment of his crime. Do you +not therefore deprive any one of our friends, the native Indians, of +his life, or it will be answered with the life of him who has been +guilty of murder. + + Fort Townshend, St. John's, Newfoundland, + 1st August, 1810. + + J.T. DUCKWORTH. + + + * * * * * + + +_Extract from Despatch from Governor Sir R.G. Keats to the Secretary +of State, 10th November, 1815._ + +Some years ago the Micmac Indians formed a settlement in St. George's +Bay on the West Coast of Newfoundland, which is thriving and +industrious. The success of this settlement has probably induced +others to follow them, and latterly they have come over in more +considerable numbers, penetrated into the country and shewn themselves +the present season on the eastern coast of Newfoundland. It is to be +feared the arrival of these new comers will prove fatal to the native +Indians of the Island, whose arms are the bow, with whom their tribe +as well as the Esquimaux are at war, and whose number it is believed +has for some years past not exceeded a few hundred. + +10th November, 1815. + + * * * * * + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Report by the Governor on a Visit to +the Micmac Indians at Bay d'Espoir, by William MacGregor + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REPORT BY THE GOVERNOR ON A *** + +***** This file should be named 19144.txt or 19144.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/9/1/4/19144/ + +Produced by A www.PGDP.net Volunteer, Jeannie Howse and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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