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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On
+In It, Vol. 2, No. 11, March 17, 1898, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 2, No. 11, March 17, 1898
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop
+
+Release Date: August 19, 2006 [EBook #19081]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Emmy, Juliet Sutherland and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  _FIVE CENTS._
+
+  THE GREAT ROUND WORLD
+  AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT
+
+    Vol. 2--No. 11.              March 17, 1898.             No. 71.
+  [Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second class matter]
+
+  [Illustration: A
+  WEEKLY
+  NEWSPAPER
+  FOR
+  BOYS AND
+  GIRLS]
+
+  Subscription
+  $1.50 per year
+    .75 6 months
+
+
+      THE GREAT ROUND WORLD PUBL. CO.
+      NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY
+
+  =Copyright, 1898, by THE GREAT ROUND WORLD Publishing Company.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The Great Round World
+
+Published Every Thursday Throughout the Year
+
+=Single Numbers, 5c. Each=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SUBSCRIPTION RATES:
+
+          One year, - 52 numbers   $1.50
+          Six months, 26  "          .75
+          Foreign subscriptions     2.25
+
+Numbers are bound up into four parts each year. Charge for binding, 35
+cents a part.
+
+Remittances should be by registered letter, or by check, express-order,
+or postal-order, payable to THE GREAT ROUND WORLD PUBLISHING CO.
+
+No receipts are sent for remittances unless requested. The number on the
+address label represents the number of the paper with which subscription
+will expire.
+
+Ten days' notice should be given of any change of address.
+
+          ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION
+
+          =ADDRESS:=
+
+          Great Round World Publishing Co.
+          =3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+At any of the following stores copies and bound volumes of THE GREAT
+ROUND WORLD will be found on sale, and subscribers may exchange their
+numbers for bound volumes:
+
+          JOHN WANAMAKER, Philadelphia, Pa.
+          W. B. CLARKE & CO., Boston, Mass.
+          J. & R. SIMMS, 123 22d St., Chicago, Ill.
+          WOODWARD & LOTHROP, Washington, D. C.
+          PETER PAUL BOOK CO., Buffalo, N. Y.
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+          H. H. CARTER & CO., Boston, Mass.
+          WHITAKER & RAY CO., San Francisco, Cal.
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+          THE MARTIN & HOYT CO., Atlanta, Ga.
+          ST. PAUL BOOK & STATIONERY CO., St. Paul, Minn.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+=American Flags=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_=Lowest Prices in the United States=_
+
+[Illustration: American Flag]
+
+Flags made of the best all-wool double-warped U. S. government standard
+bunting, 45 stars sewn in the field, both sides, with canvas headings,
+best lacquered brass grummets, and all double stitched.
+
+=NET PRICES=
+
+  2×3    feet  $0.75    5×8    feet  $2.80   7×14 feet      $6.00
+  2-1/2×4  "    1.00    6×6-1/2  "    3.00   8×12   "        5.60
+  3×5      "    1.45    5×10     "    3.40   8×15   "        6.70
+  3×6      "    1.75    6×9      "    3.50   8×16   "        7.15
+  4×6      "    2.00    6×10     "    3.85   9×15   "        7.75
+  4×7      "    2.25    6×12     "    4.50   9×18   "        8.75
+  4×8      "    2.50    7×12     "    5.25   10×15  "        8.25
+
+=Cotton bunting, printed muslin, and printed silk flags, flagpoles,
+etc., at proportionately cheap prices. Send for complete catalogue.=
+
+=Caps, Guns, Swords, Uniforms and all Equipments for "AMERICAN GUARD"=
+boys at favorable prices. Send for catalogue, mentioning "The Great
+Round World."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=J. A. JOEL & CO., 86 Nassau St., New York=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ANNOUNCEMENT ...
+
+          OUR NEW
+
+          Premium Catalogue
+
+          WILL BE READY
+
+          =MARCH 31st, 1898=
+
+          And will be issued with Number 73 of
+
+          The Great Round World
+
+All of our regular subscribers will receive copies on that date, but if
+those who have friends who might take advantage of the premiums offered,
+will forward us their names and addresses at once, we will send them
+copies of the premium list _postpaid free of charge_.
+
+This catalogue will contain 32 pages filled with premiums offered for
+new subscriptions, ranging all the way from paper-covered novels offered
+for one new subscriber each, to bicycles which can be had free for one
+hundred new subscriptions.
+
+Almost anything you want can be earned without cost to you by getting
+new subscribers. Send for one of our new catalogues, and if you don't
+find what you want, ask for it.
+
+
+
+
+King's·Historical·Chart
+
+OF UNITED STATES.
+
+=Cloth covers with metal supports (size 36×40). Price $15 net. Sent upon
+receipt of $3.00 (see offer below).=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+This chart is arranged in three plates and is so planned that the
+history of any State may be traced from date of discovery to the present
+time. Or the important items of history in any period may be quickly
+ascertained.
+
+For example, the question is asked, "Name the divisions of this country
+in the year 1600 in order of size?" Turning to the circle for this
+period the answer is easily ascertained, and is "Province of Louisiana,
+New Spain, Virginia, Florida."
+
+"What State was named first; give its history?" Answer, "Florida,
+discovered in 1512 by De Leon; ceded to England by Spain in 1763; ceded
+back to Spain 1783; ceded to United States 1819."
+
+To obtain an answer to such questions from any history would necessitate
+a waste of much time. This chart is in itself an
+
+=Encyclopedia of U. S. History=
+
+and will prove invaluable to a school. It furnishes material for study,
+for composition, for examinations and reviews, for topical work, and an
+unlimited amount of other work.
+
+PLATE I.--Contains Discoveries, Settlements, People, Cessions of
+Territory, Wars.
+
+PLATE II.--States East of Mississippi, Governments, Governors,
+Presidents, Wars, Battles, Massacres, Rebellions, Population, Capitols,
+Indian Wars, Religious Denominations, Universities, Colleges, Births and
+Deaths of Statesmen, Soldiers, Poets, Historians, Philosophers,
+Theologians, and Events.
+
+PLATE III.--Contains the same information in regard to States west of
+the Mississippi; also an outline showing the political changes, the
+origin, growth, and changes in the great political parties.
+
+It is not always possible for a school to invest this amount of money at
+one time; the chart will therefore be sold on terms that will place it
+within the reach of every one. Fill out the blank below, enclose $3.00,
+and chart will be forwarded at once to your address.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+          =To William Beverley Harison:=    3 & 5 West 18th Street,
+                                           NEW YORK.
+
+_Send to address below King's Historical Chart. Enclosed find
+.................... for $3.00. I agree to pay balance, $1.00 per month
+for twelve months, or until full price ($15.00) is paid._
+
+
+          _Name_.......................................
+    _Date_.................    _Address_............................
+
+
+
+
+          =NOW READY=        =Special Price to Teachers=
+
+Rational Home Gymnastics
+
+By
+
+HARTVIG NISSEN
+
+Acting director of Physical Training, Boston Public Schools; author of
+_A B C of Swedish Educational Gymnastics, etc., etc._
+
+=CONTENTS=
+
+  =Chapter 1. The "Why" and "How."=
+  =Chapter 2. Description of Movements and their Effects.=
+  =Chapter 3. Health Points on Walking and Bicycling.=
+  =Chapter 4. The Use of Water and Massage.=
+  =Chapter 5. Prescription of Exercise for the "Well" and the "Sick."=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+With More Than Forty Full-page Illustrations and a Very Complete Index
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+No one is better qualified to prepare a work of this nature than
+Professor Nissen, and he has condensed the knowledge gained during his
+twenty years' experience as a teacher of physical culture and medical
+gymnastics into a concise, convenient, and comprehensive manual of
+_rational_ home gymnastics. The unusually complete series of
+illustrations, all of which are reproduced from photographs, make the
+book of exceptional value. For the teacher of gymnastics and physical
+culture, the athlete, and the man or woman, boy or girl, who is
+sufficiently wise to see the benefits of sensible and reasonable
+exercise, no better guide and hand-book has been published.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+="SCHOOL" might with equal truth and propriety be substituted for "HOME"
+in the title.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed in a beautiful clear type on heavy coated paper, stoutly and
+artistically bound in cloth. Price $1.00 postpaid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Correspondence with regard to the examination and introduction of
+Nissen's "Rational Home Gymnastics" is cordially invited. Specimen pages
+free on application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+          =Richard G. Badger & Co.,=  _157 Fremont Street_
+                                         _Boston_
+
+In writing mention THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.
+
+
+
+
+          =Something New
+          for the .. ..
+          CHILDREN=
+
+[Illustration: Patent applied for.]
+
+"DOLL'S FURNITURE PATTERNS"
+
+          A Supplementary Work
+          to the
+          Industrial Side
+          of the .. ..
+          =KINDERGARTEN=
+
+Printed on Muslin, in beautiful designs marked where to cut out, and sew
+together. Use pasteboard for the backs, and cotton for the filling. A
+pleasant and beneficial employment for the LITTLE ONES AT HOME.......
+
+For the practibility of the many ideas, viz.: Design, Cutting out,
+Drawing, Sewing, Form, and Color. The result is an indestructible and
+BEAUTIFUL TOY. For sale at Dry-Goods Stores, or sent on receipt
+of..............
+
+12 Cents in Stamps.
+
+=Palmer Manufacturing Co., 43 and 45 Leonard St., New York=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Everett Piano.
+
+          =Highest Grade
+          Uprights, Baby and Concert
+          Grands....=
+
+          WE
+          INVITE
+          INSPECTION
+
+          =Pianos....=
+          RENTED AND SOLD
+          ON EASY
+          MONTHLY PAYMENTS
+
+          =WAREROOMS=
+
+          =141-143 Fifth Ave., near 21st St.,=
+          =NEW YORK=
+
+          =... Also BOSTON, CHICAGO, CINCINNATI, and ATLANTA ...=
+
+
+
+
+The Great Round World
+
+And What Is Going On In It
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Vol. II., No. 11.   MARCH 17, 1898   Whole No. 70
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+[Sidenote: =With the Editor=]
+
+Spain and the Cuban situation continue to form the great centres of
+interest in this week's news. With the continuation of active
+preparations on the part of the United States and Spain, the crisis
+seems to be rapidly approaching. It is to be hoped that each will
+succeed in making itself so strong that war may be averted because of
+its probable magnitude. The presence of two strong fleets, opposed to
+each other, on the high seas could not but prove a menace to the
+interests of other nations; the prospect of this may of itself lead to a
+peaceful conclusion through the intervention of some one of the great
+powers. War seems a glorious thing to those who have not known its
+horrors; to experience it is quite another thing. In any event it would
+mean to many loss of fathers or brothers, destruction of property,
+paralysis of business--and all for what? That some point might be
+attained, some pride gratified, some enemy humbled--results as easily
+accomplished by arbitration the great blessing of the century. We may
+not ourselves be able to do anything to avert war. Each of us, however,
+can do his share toward creating a sentiment in favor of peace, and
+thus overcome the effect of the mischief-makers who, crying war at the
+top of their lungs now, will be the first to shirk duty if we have to
+fight.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We take pleasure in announcing that the publication of "The Great Round
+World, and the People Who Lived on It," by Mme. Z. A. Ragozin, the first
+numbers of which appeared in THE GREAT ROUND WORLD some months ago, will
+be continued shortly. Serious illness of the author has until this time
+interfered with its continuation.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Our new premium catalogue which was announced several weeks ago will be
+mailed with No. 73 of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, for March 31st. Every
+subscriber will get a copy. Others can have it on application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=Answers to Correspondents=
+
+We have received the following very interesting letter from the City of
+Mexico:
+
+          DEAR EDITOR:
+
+          I read in one of last July's numbers of THE GREAT
+          ROUND WORLD a request for further information
+          about the Empress Carlotta or the Emperor
+          Maximilian.
+
+          We have a little summer home in the same town of
+          Cuernavaca where they had their residence.
+
+          I don't wonder that they chose it for a summer
+          home, it is such a beautiful spot and the climate
+          perfection. It is fifty miles in air-line from the
+          City of Mexico.
+
+          Their residence in Cuernavaca was an old place
+          called "Jardin de la Borda." The house is of no
+          importance, but the garden is one of the beautiful
+          sights of Mexico; though now in a state of ruin,
+          it is all fountains, terraces, lakes, flowers, and
+          trees.
+
+          The Emperor also had his shooting-lodge about
+          three miles out, with a small house on the
+          grounds. Madame D---- (who was maid of honor to
+          the Empress) told my mother that it was used
+          simply as a resting-place for the huntsmen and a
+          place of picnicking by the court. It is called
+          "Casa del Campo." It is also in a ruinous state,
+          is rented for $100 per year silver, and is used as
+          a kind of beer-garden.
+
+          About ten miles from the town of Cuernavaca there
+          is the magnificent hacienda of Atlascomulco,
+          originally owned by Hernan Cortez. The greater
+          portion of the building stands as Cortez left it,
+          the walls being in many places five feet thick.
+
+          In the orchard attached is a small one-story house
+          where Maximilian spent many hours of his stay at
+          Cuernavaca; and there in a small room he signed
+          the famous "Banda Negra" (Black Decree) which
+          caused him to be so hated and which hastened his
+          fall.
+
+          There are still to be seen the table, chair, and
+          pen said to have been used by Maximilian when he
+          signed the Black Decree.         JOHN R. D., JR.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=New Books=
+
+From Germany we have received a most interesting little publication for
+our girls, and also a most valuable chart which will interest their
+elders.
+
+"Fuer fleissige Kinderhaende. Anleitung und Muster fuer Bekleidung einer
+Puppe. Von Julie Lutz, Lehrerin der Frauenarbeitsschule, Heilbronn," is
+the title of the former. We hope to see an English edition of this some
+time soon, for many of our readers may not find German so easy to
+understand. However, even though this has the directions in German, it
+will be very much appreciated by all.
+
+It consists of a good strong portfolio, or case, containing a number of
+patterns for doll clothes, printed on heavy strong paper, so that they
+may be cut out and used over and over again. Each pattern is in a strong
+envelope, so that it may be kept separate, and on each envelope is a
+picture of the garment, to aid in putting it together. With the pattern
+is a pamphlet giving (in German) full and careful directions.
+
+The chart is the 1897 edition of Dr. Berghaus' celebrated "Chart of the
+World," published by Justus Perthes, Gotha. Size is about 40×62 inches,
+mounted on linen, and folded in a case; or as a wall-map with rollers.
+
+In Europe, this chart is to be found in almost every railroad or
+steamship office, as well as in schools, business offices, and private
+houses, where it is used for general reference. Besides being the latest
+and most complete map of the world, with the very latest information as
+to boundaries, it contains ocean currents, direction of trade-winds,
+steamship and sailing vessel routes, coaling-stations, and railroads
+(even the new trans-Siberian railroad, about which we wrote in a recent
+number) of all countries; and much other valuable information.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=Current History=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _Maine_ affair is still the most important item of current history.
+
+The Board of Inquiry has returned to Havana and is still carrying on its
+investigation, and until this body makes an official report to the
+United States Government, we should, as Captain Sigsbee telegraphed the
+night of the explosion, suspend judgment.
+
+There has been no way of ascertaining the results of the Board's
+inquiries. The testimony of eye-witnesses of the disaster, sailors and
+divers, was heard on board the _Mangrove_, anchored near the wreck. A
+number of photographs of the _Maine_ have been taken under water, by a
+man employed by the Board. These photographs are deemed very important,
+as the Board can get a much clearer idea of the position of the débris
+than they could from the descriptions of the divers. The belief is
+widely entertained that the Board will report that the disaster was
+caused by an explosion from the outside. How the two countries will act
+after such a report is delivered, can only be surmised. Of course, Spain
+will make her own thorough investigation; the divers have already been
+permitted to examine the wreck to a certain extent. It is very hard to
+believe that the Spanish Government had anything to do with the
+explosion. Individuals, acting for themselves and not in touch with the
+Government, probably "assassinated" the boat--if she was "assassinated."
+In that case, the United States can with justice claim an indemnity.
+
+If, however, it can be proved that Spanish officers knew that there was
+a mine under the _Maine_, and did not take the trouble to tell Captain
+Sigsbee, the United States would undoubtedly consider it a _casus belli_
+(that is, a cause of war), unless Spain promptly agrees to make good the
+loss.
+
+As we told you last week, it is said that no dead fish were found in
+Havana harbor after the explosion. Another significant report is, that
+there was no large wave directly after the explosion took place. If
+these reports are true, they would almost preclude the possibility of
+its having been an outside explosion.
+
+It was reported that Weyler, while Captain-General of Cuba, had caused
+Havana harbor to be filled with mines and torpedoes, and that he alone
+had the plans.
+
+In a letter to a New York paper, however, General Weyler absolutely
+denies this, and he writes that he has had nothing to do with the mines
+and torpedoes in Havana harbor.
+
+One sensational report printed in a New York paper was that, shortly
+before the explosion took place, the guard on the _Maine_ noticed a very
+distinct ripple on the water, as if a small boat was being propelled
+close to the vessel.
+
+Many similar reports have reached the United States, and it is hard to
+know what to believe. One of the New York papers has been telling so
+many lies that the Government was compelled to stop this particular
+journal from sending any messages at all over the cable from Havana to
+Key West. This paper then sent its news to Europe, and from there cabled
+to New York. Over this circuitous route came most marvellous tales, and
+it is needless to say that most of them were lies pure and simple. The
+editor of one enterprising journal is reported to have wagered $50,000
+that he will cause war between the United States and Spain.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The wounded sailors from the _Maine_ have all been transferred from
+Havana to Dry Tortugas. Dry Tortugas is an island east of Key West.
+These sailors say that the Spaniards treated them with the utmost
+kindness.
+
+The first body from the _Maine_ was brought to Key West last Thursday.
+All flags in the city were at half-mast, and although the body was that
+of an unidentified seaman, it was given the burial of a naval hero.
+Captain McCalla, of the _Marblehead_, with Fleet Chaplain Lee Boyce and
+a guard of honor of forty sailors, received the body, and it was borne
+in state through the quiet streets of the city to the graveyard on the
+outskirts. The sailors were drawn up facing the grave; the chaplain read
+the service, and the body was lowered to its resting-place. The simple
+ceremony was then ended by the ship's bugler sounding the recall, and
+the guard at "shoulder arms" marched back to the pier.
+
+It is reported that the uninjured survivors of the _Maine_ feel very
+much distressed over orders they are said to have received from the Navy
+Department. All but five of the men are ordered to report for service
+on the ships of the fleet at Key West. Naturally, they are desirous to
+get to their friends in the North, and an effort will be made to induce
+the Navy Department to allow them to do so.
+
+It seems that, of the men killed on the _Maine_, a great number were
+natives of foreign countries. The governments of these countries have
+demanded an explanation of the disaster, and in case it is found that
+the explosion was due to faults of construction or carelessness, an
+indemnity will undoubtedly be demanded; or, if Spain is responsible for
+the disaster, she will be called upon to pay this indemnity.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+March 7th it was reported that Señor Gullon, Spanish Minister of Foreign
+Affairs, had intimated to Minister Woodford that the Spanish Government
+desired the recall of Consul-General Lee from Havana.
+
+This news created great excitement. Our Government promptly cabled to
+Minister Woodford, refusing to recall General Lee, and Spain officially
+retracted the request, and the incident was practically closed.
+
+A minister exercises his functions only by permission of the country to
+which he is sent. If at any time that country has reason to object to
+his presence, it can demand his recall, or, by withdrawing his
+_exequatur_, make him at once a private American citizen, and nothing
+more.
+
+An _exequatur_ is the written official recognition of a consul or
+minister, which is issued by the government to which he is accredited,
+authorizing him to exercise his powers in the place to which he is
+sent. We have already explained, in connection with the De Lome
+incident, how a country may dismiss a diplomatic representative.
+
+If Spain had demanded Lee's recall, or dismissed him for any reason
+which she considered sufficient, there would have been no just ground
+for offence. It would not even have been necessary for her to explain
+her reasons.
+
+Spain's action in intimating that she desired the recall was a courteous
+way of putting the matter. President McKinley, in refusing to consider
+it, took a wise course, for the recall of General Lee at this critical
+time might have added to the strained relations existing between the
+countries; besides, General Lee is so thoroughly acquainted with the
+situation in Cuba that it is to the best interest of this country to
+retain him.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Reports from Cuba as to the insurgents' cause have this week been
+perceptibly fewer. It is known that a number of filibustering
+expeditions have landed, and the Cubans feel very much elated. They say
+that the _Maine_ disaster has helped them in this country, for it has
+increased the feeling against Spain.
+
+The condition of the reconcentrados is terrible. You will remember that
+General Weyler issued a decree that the farmers with their families, and
+the people who lived out in the country, should leave their homes and
+come into the towns. This was done because it was believed that these
+people were supplying the insurgents with food and aiding them in other
+ways. Of course, when these poor people were herded together in and
+around the cities and towns, a great many of them had no possible way of
+making a living. Starvation has resulted, and thousands of these
+reconcentrados, as they are called, are dying. It is estimated that
+there are very nearly 300,000 of them, and what food and clothing they
+need must be given to them. The Spaniards, as can be imagined, have not
+been very charitably disposed toward these poor people, and the United
+States has generously come to the rescue. Tons of food and clothing have
+already been sent to the island, and almost every day we read of some
+vessel starting for Cuba with supplies for these unfortunate people.
+
+The United States Government has deemed the matter important enough to
+despatch two gunboats, the _Montgomery_ and _Nashville_, with provisions
+to Matanzas and Sagua la Grande, Cuba.
+
+The supplies have been sent to Key West, to be forwarded from there in
+the vessels selected.
+
+Spain, through her representative at Washington, Señor du Bosc, objected
+to the use of war-vessels for this purpose, and it was at first decided
+to send the supplies in the despatch-boat _Fern_, in many respects
+better fitted for such a purpose. Finally, however, orders were sent to
+Key West to carry out the original plan.
+
+That Spain objects to the visits of our war-ships to these Cuban ports
+may lead to further complications, for with equal reason she can exclude
+our ships from Havana harbor, and this would prevent us from protecting
+our own citizens who are in Havana.
+
+The fact that relief expeditions are sent by us is in itself an
+acknowledgment on our part that we either do not consider Spain able to
+care for these poor people, or that we think that she wilfully refuses
+to do so. Spain could settle the question at once by properly providing
+for them. This, however, she has not attempted to do.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+March 7th a bill was introduced by Chairman Cannon, of the
+Appropriations Committee, entitled, "Making Appropriations for the
+National Defence."
+
+It was as follows: "That there is hereby appropriated out of any money
+in the treasury, not otherwise appropriated for the national defence,
+and for each and every purpose connected therewith, to be expended at
+the discretion of the President, and to remain available until June 30,
+1899, fifty million dollars."
+
+This bill, it was reported, was the outcome of a conference held at the
+White House. The situation was considered so serious that it was
+necessary that an immense appropriation should be made for national
+defence.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Talk of the United States buying Cuba has revived during the last week.
+The Spaniards seem to think better of this than they did some months
+ago, and it is reported that one paper in Madrid has come out in favor
+of selling the island to this country.
+
+It is a question whether it would be wise for this country to buy Cuba.
+It would involve the expenditure of $300,000,000 or $400,000,000; and,
+again, the people who live on the island might not be a desirable
+addition to the voting population of the United States. Spain has
+misunderstood this country in regard to the purpose of our proposed
+intervention in Cuba. She believes that we would intervene in order to
+obtain possession of the island. The truth is, that the only reason for
+our stopping the war would be for the sake of mercy, for the war that is
+going on in Cuba is uncivilized and horrible.
+
+About twenty-five hundred men have been sent to Cuba recently as
+reinforcements to the Spanish army, and Spain is putting forth the
+greatest efforts to stop the revolution before the rainy season sets in.
+Five torpedo-boats are to be towed from Madrid to Havana. It will be
+unfortunate for Spain if she has no better luck towing these boats than
+she had with her immense dry-dock, which we told you about several weeks
+ago.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _Vizcaya_, which left New York on February 25th, arrived in Havana
+safely. The _Almirante Oquendo_, a sister ship of the _Vizcaya_, has
+also reached Havana.
+
+The _Oquendo_ is a very powerful vessel, 340 feet long, 65 feet wide,
+and can steam 20 knots an hour. She is said to have cost $3,000,000. She
+left the Canary Islands on February 15th, the day the _Maine_ blew up.
+
+The men on board, of course, had not heard of the catastrophe, and when
+they saw the wreck they could not imagine what it meant. With these
+vessels and the _Alphonso XII._ in Havana harbor, it is said the war
+fever has attacked the city, and the Spaniards there are anxious to
+fight the United States.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Conflicting reports have reached us as to whether Spain has bought
+war-ships in England or not during the last week. It is, however,
+reported on good authority that Spain has negotiated a large loan in
+London; the amount is not known. Several vessels have been in course of
+construction for Brazil and Chile, and now that they are almost
+completed, it is said that the Spanish Government, by agreeing to pay
+immense sums, is attempting to secure them. It does not seem likely that
+Chile would give up a battle-ship just now, as the relations between
+that country and the Argentine Republic are very strained. There is no
+doubt, however, but that Spain is increasing the efficiency of her navy,
+which is beginning to assume very formidable proportions.
+
+The United States is also busy putting the older ships in good order,
+and rushing the work on those being constructed. The Government, it is
+reported, has the details of construction of many boats now building on
+the other side. One report was that the United States had an option on
+every ship being built in Europe, except, of course, vessels being built
+for Spain. This report, however, has not been confirmed. For the United
+States to have the option on a ship means that no other nation will be
+allowed to buy that ship unless the United States decides that she does
+not wish to have it herself.
+
+The Spaniards are disturbed at the news of an American squadron at
+Hongkong, on the coast of China. If you will look on your map, you will
+find that the Philippine Islands are not very far from Hongkong. These
+islands belong to Spain, and in the event of a war between the United
+States and Spain, great damage could be done by this fleet.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The monitor _Terror_ has arrived in New York harbor from Hampton Roads.
+This boat is 249 feet long, 56 feet wide, and can steam 12 knots an
+hour. The _Puritan_ and _Miantonomoh_ are two boats in the same class as
+the _Terror_, and for harbor defence they are unsurpassed. Very little
+surface is exposed to the fire of the enemy, as they are very low in the
+water; so low, that often, when in a sea-way, the waves wash over
+everything but the smoke-stacks and the turrets, so you can see how very
+difficult it is to do any damage to these formidable boats. They are all
+provided with rams. A ram is a very heavily reinforced projecting bow.
+Many war-vessels are built this way, so that they may run down and sink
+their antagonists in time of war. You will remember that the famous
+Confederate ram _Merrimac_ employed this mode of attack as a last
+resort, in her famous fight with the _Monitor_ during the Civil War. She
+was not successful, for she did not strike the _Monitor_ squarely. With
+their immense weight these monitors could pierce with their rams the
+armor of almost any ship and sink it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+On Wednesday, February 23d, M. Zola was found guilty of publishing a
+letter criticising the Government for its conduct in the Esterhazy
+court-martial and declaring the innocence of Albert Dreyfus. This letter
+was published in the Paris _Aurore_, whose editor is M. Perreux. M. Zola
+was sentenced to one year's imprisonment, and was also fined 3,000
+francs, or about $600. As we told you in our last number, M. Perreux was
+condemned to serve four months in prison and pay 4,000 francs. In
+summing up--that is, in making his final address to the court--M.
+Labori, counsel of M. Zola, made touching references to the unhappiness
+of the Dreyfus family, the courage of the wife of the prisoner, and the
+letter from the disgraced man in September, 1897, protesting his
+innocence. The remarks made a great sensation in the court-room, many
+people weeping.
+
+The jury was out but a very short time, and returned with the sentence
+as stated above, which is the maximum penalty for the crime for which
+Zola was arrested. Civilized nations feel very sorry for France, for she
+has lowered herself in the eyes of the world. It is almost universally
+believed that Zola proved his charges, and outside of France Dreyfus is
+believed to be innocent.
+
+It would seem that the French Government is bound to uphold the decision
+of the court-martial at any cost, so as not to be compelled to recall
+Dreyfus and have a new trial. It is deemed necessary to suppress the
+Dreyfus agitation.
+
+Four newspapers in Paris, including the _Aurore_, have been notified
+that unless they cease their attacks they will be prosecuted by the
+Government. Many correspondents have been warned to write in different
+vein about the case. Colonel Picquart, as we told you last week, has
+been obliged to leave the army, and the Government has dismissed M. Le
+Blois, Perreux's counsel, and one of Zola's witnesses, who was a deputy
+mayor in Paris.
+
+We think you would like to hear something about Devil's Island, the
+place where Albert Dreyfus is confined. This island is one of a group,
+twenty-seven miles northwest of Cayenne in French Guiana. Get your map
+of South America, and you will be able to put your finger on the spot.
+In 1852 the French Government established a penal colony on these
+islands. A penal colony is one formed of convicts sent out from the
+mother country. Many of these colonies have proved successful,
+particularly the ones where the prisoners are allowed to work and build
+up their own homes for themselves. Australia was settled in this way,
+and it has developed wonderfully.
+
+From reports, Dreyfus is having a very hard time on Devil's Island. He
+is not allowed to speak to any one, and lives in absolute solitude. It
+is said that his hair has turned grey, and his confinement in other ways
+is aging him rapidly. He is allowed to write, but his letters simply
+declare his innocence over and over again. It was rumored some time ago
+that Dreyfus had escaped, and since then the French Government has
+ordered the officials of the convict settlement to telegraph every day
+to Paris the fact that the prisoner is safely under guard.
+
+Political prisoners are usually allowed to have their wives with them,
+but, although Mme. Dreyfus has made strong efforts, France will not
+allow her to be with her husband.
+
+There is a man living in Rome who is said to have been imprisoned on
+Devil's Island for several years. His name is Gen. Paolo Tibaldi, who
+was sentenced to life imprisonment on the island for conspiring against
+Napoleon III. He says that when he was there the island was a bare rock
+without a tree or a blade of grass, and the heat of the sun was
+terrible. The provisions supplied daily by the Government were a pound
+and a half of the worst kind of bread, for each convict, a piece of old
+meat or salt fat, beans or rice, a little oil, and also a kind of
+spirits called tafla. The general claims that the treatment to which the
+captives were subjected was most severe. They were chained by the
+keepers, fed on bread and water for months, and beaten with ropes. Five
+thousand dollars was raised in France to rescue General Tibaldi, but
+that only made matters worse, and he suffered added torments. Finally,
+public opinion in France combined with the press in his behalf, and the
+General was freed.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The trouble in West Africa promises to become such an important item of
+current history that it might be well to look into it more deeply, and
+try and get a clear idea of the difficulty.
+
+France undoubtedly wishes to have dominion over the countries lying
+between her western and eastern possessions in Africa. On the west coast
+she owns the Senegal River and the town of St. Louis. The Central Soudan
+also belongs to France, and on the east coast, opposite Aden, the two
+towns of Obok and Tanjurrah fly the French flag. The problem has been to
+acquire the lands intervening, so as to make one unbroken line. You can
+see what an advantage this would be; for, with the Nile on one side and
+the Niger on the other, it would be comparatively easy to ship valuable
+products from the interior to the markets of the world.
+
+Since 1880, France has spent great sums of money in trying to bridge
+over the space lying between her possessions, and step by step her
+empire has pushed its way from the Senegal to the Niger.
+
+England had been confined to the coast. She owned Sierra Leone, the
+Gambia Settlements, the Colony of Lagos, and the Niger Protectorate. The
+Royal Niger Company owned the hinterland of Lagos, which means the
+country back of Lagos, and this is the only hinterland that England did
+own. France, owning the country back of the English Colonies,
+effectually checks their development.
+
+Until 1890 there was a dispute between England and France about their
+West African possessions. In 1890 there was a difficulty about territory
+on the Lower Niger, and this was settled for a little while by a treaty
+which marked out the British "spheres of influence" by a line drawn from
+Say on the Niger to Lake Chad. Say is directly west of Sokoto, and you
+can easily find Lake Chad on your map, for it is a very large lake. To
+the south, the British were supposed to control "all that properly
+belongs to the kingdom of Sokoto."
+
+If France has invaded this kingdom they have broken the treaty, and they
+are in the wrong.
+
+On the other bank of the Niger, England, through the Royal Niger
+Company, has made treaties with the native chiefs, and thus gained a
+good foothold.
+
+In 1893, France conquered and annexed Dahomey, which is on the coast;
+but England controlled the hinterland of Dahomey through the treaties
+her company had made with the chiefs. France chose to set aside these
+treaties, and said that, having been made with savages, they were not
+valid. During the last three years she has sent out expeditious from St.
+Louis and Dahomey, and gained a great deal of territory which England
+believes _she_ ought to control.
+
+So that is the way the matter is at present. France has the possession
+of countries for which England can show her treaties.
+
+For the benefit of commerce, it would be well that victory should lie
+with England, for she would open the country to the commerce of the
+world, while France alone would benefit should she control this rich
+land.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We told you two weeks ago of the change of Presidents in the Republic of
+Venezuela.
+
+The new President, Gen. Ignacio Andrade, starts his administration with
+the prospect of serious trouble in his country.
+
+The State Department at Washington was notified, shortly after General
+Andrade's election, that a revolution had broken out at Valencia. This
+is a town two hundred miles west of Caracas, and situated in the
+mountains, which, starting here, extend down the whole western coast of
+South America.
+
+The cause of the revolution is not known, but it is supposed to be on
+account of the succession of General Andrade.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Chinese puzzle still remains unsolved.
+
+Mr. Labouchere, the editor of London _Truth_, has some very good ideas
+to offer; he says: "What, in the name of goodness, have we got to
+quarrel about in China? Russia is striving to get an access to the
+Pacific which will not be ice-bound in winter. It is a reasonable
+desire, and will not hurt us. Russia is not our commercial rival, and is
+not likely to be. Germany has obtained a _pied-à-terre_ (foothold) in
+China. On the part of a great commercial power this, also, is not
+unreasonable. It may not suit us, but it is considerably less than we
+have got, and we have no right to object. Considering the position which
+we have so long occupied, and still occupy, in China, this snarling and
+blustering at the first appearance of a stranger on the scene is more
+offensive and contemptible than the conduct of the dog in the manger."
+
+Commenting on what Sir Michael Hicks-Beach said in reference to keeping
+treaty ports open in case of war, Labouchere says: "Having heard a cock
+crow on a neighboring dunghill, he thought it necessary that the
+majestic voice of Britain should be heard also."
+
+It was reported in our last number that England and Germany have agreed
+to combine and lend China the $80,000,000 which she is to pay to Japan.
+
+It is not known whether Japan will release her hold on Wei-Hai-Wei even
+if she gets this money.
+
+England, in consideration of this loan, would certainly expect favors
+from China as regards the Yangtse-kiang Valley, and Germany would
+undoubtedly expect to have no more trouble with China because of her
+seizure of Kiao-Chou. Many other concessions will undoubtedly be
+demanded, and we may be sure that Russia will have something to say.
+
+It is also reported that the Government at Pekin will try and settle its
+difficulties by allotting "spheres of influence" to the great powers.
+This was done in West Africa, where it is causing much trouble between
+France and England. The Chinese evidently do not realize how elastic
+these "spheres" are.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is to be wondered whether or not Emperor Kuang Hsu, of China,
+realizes the danger that threatens his kingdom. He is known as the Son
+of Heaven and Brother of the Sun. These titles would seem to indicate
+that he is a person of great character and capable of ruling the Empire.
+The truth is, he is a very weak young man, and the country is really
+ruled by the Empress Dowager. She is sixty-three years old, and for many
+years has controlled every action of the Emperor. She has supervised his
+education, selected his wives, and really held the Emperor squarely
+under her thumb.
+
+The Emperor is securely hidden away behind the thick walls of his
+palace, and his private quarters are known as the Purple Forbidden City.
+Very few people have set eyes upon the monarch; and among Europeans and
+Americans, only ambassadors are permitted to see him.
+
+He is said to have a very ugly temper, and to do foolish things when he
+cannot have his own way. This must happen very often, for the Empress
+Dowager sees that his way is made hers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Russia has followed Germany's example, and demanded from China a lease
+of Port Arthur and Talien-Wan, granting to her all sovereign rights over
+these ports for the same period and on the same conditions as in the
+case of Germany at Kiao-Chou Bay.
+
+At first, China was disposed to refuse this demand; but Russia
+threatened to move troops into Manchuria if the demand was not acceded
+to, and China, making a virtue of necessity, yielded.
+
+This lease gives to Russia what she has so long wanted--that is, a port
+on the Asiatic coast which is not frozen up in winter. She now has her
+"sphere of influence" located in a way most satisfactory to herself.
+
+If China leases many more ports to the great powers she may secure the
+materials for a "concert of powers" which will prove as useful to her as
+it has been to the Sultan of Turkey.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is reported that there are 10,000 men on the trail between Skaguay
+and Dyea in Alaska.
+
+The rush is now at its height, for now that the warmer weather is
+coming, the perils of the Klondike will be fewer for some months.
+
+Some very thrilling tales have reached us from the Pacific coast,
+although the newspapers are very reticent about publishing reports of
+accidents. It would seem that some agency is suppressing accounts of
+ill-starred ventures. Certainly, the papers hold out the golden
+possibilities of the trip, while the dangers and privations are kept
+well in the background.
+
+Thousands of men are setting out for the gold country to-day. Every
+small town and village of the United States has its quota of Argonauts,
+and they are pouring west to take ship for the Klondike. In Greek
+mythology there is a story about a man named Jason, who set out to find
+the Golden Fleece. The ship he sailed in was named the _Argo_. In 1849,
+when the people of the United States had the gold fever so badly, and
+the rush to California was very much like that to the Klondike to-day,
+the men who started from the East to go to the Pacific coast by ship
+were called Argonauts. Afterward it became a common term, and all people
+setting out for the gold-mines were designated by this title.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The reindeer which were bought in Scandinavia by the United States for
+use in Alaska, and shipped to New York, are to be sold. They were to
+have been used for relief expeditions, but it has been found out that
+supplies are more abundant in the Klondike than was first reported.
+
+There are five hundred and thirty-seven of these reindeer, and it is to
+be doubted whether they will sell for as much money as they have cost.
+To buy them in Lapland, Norway, and Sweden involved an expenditure of
+$50,000, and to bring them to this country was a very expensive
+undertaking.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There are more rumors of trouble in India. In and about Bombay there is
+a strong feeling of discontent among the natives because of the plague
+measures. You will remember what was written in July last in THE GREAT
+ROUND WORLD about the curious customs of the different races in India;
+how they refuse to depart from these customs for fear of losing caste,
+which they hold more dear than life itself.
+
+[Illustration: AN INDIAN SOLDIER.]
+
+The great Sepoy Mutiny was partly occasioned by the use of cartridges
+which were thought to have lard on them; from these cartridges the
+native soldiers had to remove the ends before putting them in the
+muskets, and they said that it was intended that they should bite off
+this larded end and thus lose caste.
+
+Many of these natives will not drink milk, others will not touch lard,
+and none of them must eat food prepared or handled by certain persons.
+
+In order to stop the spread of the plague, certain rules had to be made,
+and it is these rules which cause so many outbreaks among the natives.
+
+The population of India is enormous, and a general outbreak would
+necessarily be a very serious matter.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The re-election of Paul Krüger as President of the South African
+Republic, while fortunate for the citizens of that country, is thought
+to be detrimental to British interests in South Africa, for since the
+Jameson Raid, about which we told you in No. 20 of THE GREAT ROUND
+WORLD, Oom Paul has not held the English in high favor.
+
+President Krüger received three-quarters of the votes in the late
+election. His rivals were General Joubert, Vice-President of the
+Republic, and Schalk Burger, a member of the Executive Council. The
+President's term is five years.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A VERY important event in South Africa is the completion of the railway
+between Cape Town and Buluwayo. Look on your map and see what a great
+distance this is. It is just about as far as New York is from New
+Orleans. The road is to be continued to Lake Tanganyika (Buluwayo lies
+about mid-way between Cape Town and the southern extremity of this
+Lake). It is reported that this extension will cost $15,000,000. England
+controls this railway, and it will probably be the source of great
+revenue to her, for the natural treasures of this part of Africa are
+almost unlimited.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There is a very interesting article in _McClure's Magazine_ for March
+about Andrée and his expedition. The finding of the carrier-pigeon is
+described. It seems that the captain of the sealer _Aiken_, which was
+cruising near Spitzbergen, saw this bird in the rigging of his boat. It
+was very tired, had its head under its wing, and was fast asleep. The
+captain shot the bird, and it fell into the sea. He did not think
+anything more of the matter until he happened to remember hearing about
+the pigeons Andrée had taken with him. He turned his vessel, and steered
+back to try and find the bird. Fortunately he was successful, and
+attached to a tail-feather of the carrier-pigeon was found a small tube
+with this message in it:
+
+          "July 13th, 12:30 P.M.
+
+          "Latitude 82° 2'; longitude 15° 5' east. Good
+          progress eastward, 10° south. All well on board.
+          This is the third pigeon despatch.
+
+                                                  "ANDRÉE."
+
+
+It has been proved that this dispatch really was from Andrée, and it is
+the only word that has been received from him since he started on his
+perilous trip.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+England seems to be determined to keep her hold in Egypt, and, if
+possible, to strengthen it. Her troops there have been ordered to
+proceed to Khartoum and thence to Uganda, with the plan of sending them
+on to Fashoda in order to make it a British post.
+
+England realizes the immense importance to her commerce of keeping the
+White Nile Valley open and safe. It is reported that she is now
+conducting negotiations at Brussels and at Berlin to secure control of
+the territory connecting Uganda with South Africa, which she tried
+unsuccessfully to secure several years ago when Lord Rosebery was in
+power.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The news that the French liner _La Champagne_ was overdue last month in
+New York, caused considerable anxiety. This increased as several days
+passed without bringing any news of her.
+
+Then the steamer _Rotterdam_, which arrived in New York on February
+27th, brought an officer and six men belonging to _La Champagne_. They
+had been picked up in an open boat in which they had been tossed about
+on a rough sea for six days and nights, suffering great hardships.
+
+They announced that _La Champagne_ had broken her shaft and was
+anchored, safe but helpless, off the banks of Newfoundland. They had put
+out in the open boat in order to seek for assistance in the regular
+track of the steamers, from which _La Champagne_ had been driven.
+
+Assistance was sent to the disabled ship, and a few days later she was
+brought into the harbor of Halifax.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Cubans are keeping up an astonishingly vigorous campaign. The
+hardest fighting of late has taken place in the eastern part of the
+island.
+
+A severe battle was fought on February 18th and 19th, at Puerto
+Principe, in which the insurgents were worsted by Gen. Jiminez
+Castellanos, losing in all one hundred and eighty-one men, and being
+obliged to abandon more than eighty men who lay dead on the field. It is
+reported that included among those killed were Colonel Rodriguez,
+Commandant Angel Rocio, and other officers.
+
+The losses of the Spanish were much smaller, but it is said that
+Lieutenant Porajo was killed. The Spaniards captured a number of horses
+and considerable ammunition.
+
+In the province of Santiago de Cuba, General Pardo has been fighting
+with the insurgent forces under General Garcia and General Rabi. The
+engagements lasted through six days, resulting, it is said, in the loss
+of eighty men on the Spanish side. In this province the Cubans have
+succeeded in fortifying themselves very strongly.
+
+A cablegram from Madrid has stated that of late there has been a great
+increase in the number of Spanish troops mentioned in the official news
+as having been killed in Cuba.
+
+
+
+
+ARCTIC EXPLORATION.
+
+
+Arctic exploration may be said to have begun in the sixteenth century,
+and since that time daring sailors of all nations have gone into the icy
+regions, many of them never to return.
+
+At that time the search for "The Indies" was so diligently pushed that
+mariners tried every way of getting to the West. Failing to find any
+short route to the South, their attention was turned to the idea of
+passing around north of the new continent which we now call America, and
+this desired route was spoken of as the Northwest Passage. Expeditions
+have passed westward a long way in open water north of the continent,
+and, coming through to the Pacific, have reached the far East, but there
+still remains a largely unexplored and almost impassable icy barrier.
+
+As an instance of the aim of the early expeditions, the following
+quotation from the old records may be interesting. It describes the
+object of an expedition which left England in 1553 as being "For the
+search and discovery of the Northern parts of the world, to open a way
+and passage to our men for travel to new and unknown kingdoms."
+
+All the nations that had shipping interests were active in this search,
+the English especially. The Dutch sought the short cut for their
+merchantmen because the voyage around the Cape of Good Hope was very
+dangerous, being controlled by Spanish and Portuguese, who
+unhesitatingly preyed upon the merchant vessels that tried to pass that
+way. The result of the Dutch expeditions into the North was the
+discovery of the possibilities of the whaling industry, which they may
+be said to have originated, and which was a source of great profit to
+them for a very long period. They established a number of settlements,
+and explored much that had been unknown before.
+
+Among the English expeditions, those of most importance to us in America
+were Henry Hudson's. He made his first voyage in 1607, representing the
+Muscovy Company of England. He explored the coast of Greenland on this
+voyage, and again in 1608; while on his third voyage he explored the
+coasts of North America and discovered the Hudson River. At this time he
+was in the employ of the Dutch East India Company. Again, in 1610, his
+efforts were crowned with success, and he discovered what is known as
+Hudson Bay.
+
+From that time voyage after voyage was made, largely by Englishmen, and
+the knowledge of geography grew every year, each captain bringing back
+some new items of information.
+
+Meanwhile the Russians, who had acquired Siberia, sought a Northeast
+Passage and explored the northern coast of their vast new territory,
+which reaches into the Polar regions. Although many efforts were made to
+pass through to China in this way, it was not accomplished until 1879,
+when a Russian explorer reached Bering Strait and the Pacific from the
+West.
+
+Search for "the Indies" was carried on with wonderful perseverance and
+nerve. It is very difficult for us in these days to imagine the
+obstacles that these old sailors had to overcome, or the dangers their
+tiny craft encountered. Their little boats would now be considered
+absolutely impracticable for long and arduous trips; and that they
+should have explored all they did, shows how sturdiness and courage have
+caused the growth of the world's known territory.
+
+As time went on, the idea of securing the passage to the fabled lands of
+the riches gave place to search in the Arctic regions for the scientific
+knowledge that could be obtained from such expeditious. "The Indies" and
+their fabulous riches had become known countries which were readily
+reached through other routes, and the saving in time by going to them by
+way of the North had been found to be more than offset by the rigor and
+perils of an Arctic voyage, even if it could by any possibility be made.
+
+In 1818 Sir John Barrow, who did much for scientific Arctic exploration,
+secured the passage of a law in England offering $100,000 to any one who
+would find the Northwest Passage, and $25,000 to any one who should
+reach the 89th parallel of latitude. This stimulated the search. The
+expeditions of Ross, Parry, and Franklin made trips which, although not
+successful to the degree of winning the reward, added much to the
+knowledge of the Arctic regions.
+
+The Hudson Bay Company, incorporated in 1670, had all this time been
+actively at work investigating the new territory in the northern part of
+the American continent, and all this district became fairly well mapped
+out.
+
+Modern ingenuity has not succeeded in accomplishing very much more than
+was done by the ill-equipped mariners of centuries ago. American
+expeditions and English expeditions have gone farther into the North,
+but they have cost more lives. They have been more venturesome and have
+obtained considerable scientific data, but their gain is not in
+proportion to the advance in their facilities, and it seems to be
+established that the contest against the great icy fields of the Polar
+regions is one that will be waged a long time before man is the
+conqueror.
+
+The expeditions of our own naval engineer, Peary, are well known to us;
+and the trip of Greely was an interesting one. This last was undertaken
+by the United States after agreement among the various nations of the
+world as to the wisdom of pushing a series of stations in the Arctic
+regions for observation. A number of these stations were established,
+and Greely had charge of the American one.
+
+Of recent expeditions, that of Nansen has attracted most attention
+because he succeeded in reaching farther North than any one before him
+had ever been and returned to tell the tale. The case of Andrée, who
+sailed away last July in his great balloon, expecting to pass over the
+North Pole, is interesting for its novelty of plan. He was equipped with
+provisions to last him at least two years, and accompanied by only two
+comrades on his long voyage.
+
+The question is often raised whether Arctic exploration pays. Probably
+by itself, that is, if it would have no bearing upon anything else, it
+would not pay for the lives that are lost by it and the money that is
+spent upon it. But when we consider that every scientific fact is an
+addition to our knowledge, and may influence for great good some other
+line of work which would seem to be in no way connected with it, it is
+undoubtedly true that the explorations should continue on scientific
+lines until no part of the globe which can be reached is unknown to
+man.
+
+
+
+
+  =Gordy's History of the United States.=    =Crown 8vo, 480 pages,=
+                                                   =$1.00 net.=
+
+_Among the many features which contribute to the general excellence of
+the book a few may be briefly mentioned as follows:_
+
+=More and better Illustrations and Maps than have ever appeared in any
+text-book on the subject.
+
+Carefully selected lists of books for supplementary reading.
+
+Suggestive questions for pupils to discuss.
+
+Introductory chapter of hints to teachers, illuminating the author's
+method of treatment.
+
+Notes throughout the text explanatory of general statements.
+
+Special stress laid upon the industrial and social development, with a
+lucid presentation of the powerful influence exerted by routes and modes
+of travel, soil, and climate.
+
+Prominence given to the characteristics of our great national leaders.
+
+Emphasis of the importance of the West and South in our national
+development.
+
+Pupils are led throughout to form high ideals of social duty.=
+
+=TO THE TEACHER.= (_Extract._)
+
+_The Recitation._--The purposes of the recitation should include more
+than a test of memory; they should include a _comparison_ and
+_discussion_ of facts acquired in the preparation of the lesson. At the
+beginning of the recitation a topic should be named and the pupil
+required to recite upon it without question or comment from the teacher.
+Such a method, _if persisted_ in, will inevitably develop fluency and
+readiness of expression. The best work lies in helping the pupil to get
+definite ideas and then to give these ideas clear expression in well
+connected sentences.
+
+=TO THE PUPIL.= (_Specimen_.)
+
+1. What complaints did we make against England about searching American
+vessels and impressing American seamen? What complaints did England
+enter against us?
+
+2. How did England and France injure American commerce? What was
+Jefferson's purpose in securing the passage of the Embargo Act? What was
+the Embargo? How did it affect American commerce?
+
+3. Learn well the story of the Star Spangled Banner's origin and then
+memorize the poem. Read again and again Drake's American Flag and
+Holmes's Old Ironsides.
+
+ =CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 153-155 Fifth Avenue, New York.
+                           Western Office: 334 Dearborn St., Chicago.=
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=Scott Stamp & Coin Co., Ld.=
+
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+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=A FEW BARGAINS IN SETS FOR THE READERS OF THE "GREAT ROUND WORLD"=
+
+                                                         CENTS
+  Argentine Republic, 1892, 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 12c        8
+  Cuba, 1875, 12-1/2, 25, 50c., 1 peso, unused             20
+      " 1896, 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 mils., unused              6
+      " 1898, 1, 2, 3, 5 mils., unused                      4
+  Jamaica, 8 varieties, including official stamps           8
+  Japan, 13 varieties                                       8
+          The six sets for 50 cents, postfree.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=_Our regular list of sets contains hundreds of other bargains, and our
+packets are the best in the world for the money_=
+
+=Full lists of sets and packets and many other items in our 80-page
+price-list, which will be sent free on application:: :: :: :: ::=
+
+MENTION "GREAT ROUND WORLD" IN ANSWERING ADVERTISEMENT
+
+
+
+
+  =Manhattan Oil Light=
+  =Magic Lantern=
+
+PRICE $18.00
+
+[Illustration: Magic Lantern]
+
+Accommodates standard lantern slides and makes a good disc on the
+screen. We make other lanterns for use with any light, also
+
+LANTERN SLIDES
+
+and Scientific Accessories of the highest grade
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+J. B. COLT & CO., Dept. 14
+
+Manufacturers of Apparatus for the Production and Projection of Light.
+
+          _PRINCIPAL OFFICES: 115-117 NASSAU ST., NEW YORK_
+
+          BRANCHES:
+          189 La Salle St., Chicago, Ill.
+          131 Post St., San Francisco, Cal.
+
+          =Send for
+          Catalogues=
+
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+York
+
+_Please mention "The Great Round World."_
+
+
+
+
+=COMPLETE SCHOOL SERIES=
+
+Wall Maps and Charts
+
+          =Price, net, $5.00 until first hundred sets are sold.=
+          =Thereafter price will be $7.50 net. .. .. .. .. .. ..=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+This is the most complete set ever offered at so low a price; it is
+printed in handsome colors, on heavy, coated lithograph, double-faced,
+cloth-lined material, especially prepared for this purpose.
+
+Among other unique features of great value are the following:
+
+In place of names, numbers are printed on these maps; this makes it
+possible to do an infinite variety of work.
+
+On the margin of the maps are indicated countries in similar latitude;
+this feature can be best appreciated when one considers the difficulty
+of making a child appreciate the comparative sizes of the different
+countries. For instance, as the maps on which North America, Asia,
+Australia appear are necessarily on different scales, the child cannot
+understand, indeed never does understand, that India, Australia, and the
+United States are of approximately the same size. In this series of
+maps, on North America for instance, the pupil sees at a glance that
+China and Chinese Tartary correspond almost exactly in latitude with the
+United States and Mexico. That the British Isles and Labrador
+correspond. That the southern part of Florida and Cuba are in the same
+latitude as the Desert of Sahara, and other points of the same kind are
+made clear to the student.
+
+The set consists of the following:
+
+  NORTH AMERICA                                    28×40 INS.
+  CANADA AND BRITISH NORTH AMERICA                 28×40 INS.
+  SOUTH AMERICA                                    28×40 INS.
+  EUROPE                                           28×40 INS.
+  ASIA                                             28×40 INS.
+  AFRICA                                           28×40 INS.
+  AUSTRALIA                                        28×40 INS.
+  EASTERN HEMISPHERE                               28×40 INS.
+  WESTERN HEMISPHERE                               28×40 INS.
+
+In addition to these, a physical and astronomical chart--this for the
+purpose of teaching geography--is in itself worth the price of the set.
+It contains in picture the different geographical definitions: ocean,
+bay, river, town, city, mountain, volcano, cape, promontory, etc., etc.,
+etc.
+
+Animal life in different zones is shown in beautiful colored pictures;
+life in the ocean in different latitudes is also shown, and also plant
+life. The chart of the Solar System also appears on this same sheet.
+
+Schools desiring to examine the set can obtain them for examination by
+remitting the amount. If the maps are returned, the charge will be $1.00
+covering the expressage both ways; this $1.00, however, will not be lost
+to purchaser, but will be credited on other maps, charts, or globes that
+may be purchased.
+
+                    =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON=
+          =3 and 5 West 18th St.,           NEW YORK.=
+
+
+FLOWERS.                   PLANTS.
+
+       FREE, For the Postage
+
+=Vicks Illustrated Monthly Magazine=
+
+The Famous Gardening Authority
+
+Is a veritable mine of information about Flowers, Vegetables, and
+Fruits, and how to grow and care for them successfully, whether in a
+limited city lot or larger village garden. A farm home may be brightened
+at a slight expense, and the grounds made attractive instead of bare and
+forbidding. The price of =Vicks Illustrated Monthly Magazine= is Fifty
+Cents per year, but if you will
+
+          =RETURN THIS COUPON WITH SIX TWO-CENT STAMPS=
+
+the magazine will be mailed to you regularly for six months, for trial.
+Here is a chance to get a first-class, bright monthly magazine for
+simply the postage. Write at once to
+
+              VICK PUBLISHING CO., Rochester, N. Y.
+          VEGETABLES.                           FRUITS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+=Stearns Bicycles=
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LIKE COINS OF ANCIENT GREECE
+
+          are works of art and represent the highest
+          possible value. The 23-inch frame "Yellow Fellow"
+          and 21-inch drop frame are just the proper sizes
+          for growing boys and girls. If you write E. C.
+          Stearns & Company, asking them to send you their
+          new illustrated catalogue, and will enclose two
+          2-cent stamps, they will send you an exact
+          reproduction of the famous ten-drachm piece of
+          Dionysius, the Tyrant of Syracuse. Dionysius went
+          over to Syracuse with his four-horse chariot,
+          called the quadriga, and, much to the surprise of
+          the Greeks, won the coveted laurel wreath at the
+          Olympian games. The Greeks refused Dionysius his
+          trophy, however, and, in his rage, he caused to be
+          struck off in commemoration of his victory the
+          most magnificent coin the world has ever known.
+          The coin was made by the greatest sculptor of
+          Athens, Simon. The coin is about as large as the
+          American silver dollar, and is carved in high
+          relief, on one side showing Dionysius in the
+          quadriga being crowned by winged Victory and on
+          the reverse, Arethusa, the tutelary goddess of the
+          sea, surrounded by her dolphins.
+
+          Send two 2-cent stamps for this beautiful
+          ten-drachm piece, mentioning "The Great Round
+          World."
+
+
+
+
+CLUB RATES
+
+"The Great Round World"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+          _Subscription
+          Price..
+          52 numbers.._
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+          $1.50
+
+          _per year_
+
+          _Address_
+
+          _The Great
+          Round World
+          Publishing Co._
+
+          _3 and 5 West
+          18th Street_
+
+          _New York City_
+
+                                       PRICE          WITH
+                                     SEPARATELY    "G. R. W."
+          Atlantic                   $4.00            $5.00
+          Book Buyer                  1.00             2.25
+          Bookman                     2.00             3.25
+          Chap-Book                   2.00             3.00
+          Century Magazine            4.00             5.00
+          Cosmopolitan                1.00             2.25
+          Critic                      3.00             4.25
+          Current Literature          3.00             4.00
+          Forum                       3.00             4.00
+          Harper's Bazaar             4.00             4.75
+          Harper's Monthly            4.00             4.75
+          Harper's Weekly             4.00             4.75
+          Illustrated American        4.00             4.75
+          Independent                 3.00             4.00
+          Judge                       5.00             6.00
+          Leisure Hour                1.00             2.25
+          Life                        5.00             6.00
+          Lippincott's                3.00             3.75
+          Literary Digest             3.00             4.25
+          McClure's                   1.00             2.25
+          Munsey's                    1.00             2.25
+          New England Magazine        3.00             4.00
+          North American Review       5.00             5.75
+          Our Little Ones and Nursery 1.00             2.25
+          Outing                      3.00             3.75
+          Outlook                     3.00             4.25
+          Puck                        5.00             6.00
+          Review of Reviews           2.50             3.50
+          Saint Nicholas              3.00             4.00
+          Scientific American         3.00             4.25
+          Scribner's                  3.00             4.00
+          Short Stories               2.50             3.75
+          Truth (New York)            2.50             3.50
+
+
+          ="The Great Round World"=
+                will make club rates on any magazines
+
+
+
+_=The Great Round World=_
+
+          A Weekly Newspaper For Boys
+          and Girls--and Others. . . .
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+=THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.=
+
+ALBERT ROSS PARSONS, _President American College of Musicians_: "For the
+purpose of eliciting a free expression of opinion from my son Richard
+Percival Parsons, aged 10, I bought a copy of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD for
+three or four weeks in succession, and simply left it lying where he
+would be likely to see it. In about four weeks he had interested himself
+so deeply in its contents that he voluntarily asked if he might
+subscribe for it, a wish which I was only too glad to gratify. The bound
+volume of the first fifteen numbers has remained his daily mental food
+and amusement ever since it arrived. I thank you for your great service
+both to our young people and to their elders."
+
+
+=THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.=
+
+E. A. CARLETON, _State Superintendent of Public Instruction_, Helena,
+Mont.: "I have been a constant and eager reader of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD
+since my accession to this office, the first of this year. I regard it
+as unique, and of almost incomparable value, and I should be pleased to
+aid in its general use in all the schools of our State. You are
+authorized to use this letter and to quote me as strongly in favor of
+it."
+
+
+=THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.=
+
+WILLIAM N. SHEATS, _State Superintendent of Public Instruction_,
+Tallahassee, Fla.: "I have received for several months past copies of
+THE GREAT ROUND WORLD. I think it is an ideal paper for children."
+
+
+=THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.=
+
+T. W. HARRIS, _Superintendent of Schools_, Keene, N. H.: "I find it
+excellent for the use we have made of it, and would heartily commend it
+to all schools as an aid in the study of current events."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=FIVE CENTS A COPY.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                        Address
+            The Great Round World Publ. Co.,
+          3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Transcriber's notes:
+
+Obvious punctuation errors repaired.
+
+Page 322, "crying" was printed with the "c" backward. (crying for war)
+
+"Club Rates" table, "Bazar" changed to "Bazaar". (Harper's Bazaar)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is
+Going On In It, Vol. 2, No. 11, March 17, 1898, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND ***
+
+***** This file should be named 19081-8.txt or 19081-8.zip *****
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+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 2, No. 11, March 17, 1898, by Various
+    </title>
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On
+In It, Vol. 2, No. 11, March 17, 1898, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 2, No. 11, March 17, 1898
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop
+
+Release Date: August 19, 2006 [EBook #19081]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Emmy, Juliet Sutherland and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/cover.jpg" alt="Cover Illustration, Globe" title="Cover Illustration, Globe" /></div>
+<div class='center'><b>Copyright, 1898, by <span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span> Publishing Company</b></div>
+
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>The Great Round World</h2>
+
+<div class='center'>Published Every Thursday Throughout the Year<br />
+<br />
+<b>Single Numbers, 5c. Each</b></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class='center'>SUBSCRIPTION RATES:</div>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="rates">
+<tr><td align='left'>One year, - 52 numbers</td><td align='right'>$1.50</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Six months, 26&nbsp; &nbsp; "</td><td align='right'>.75</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Foreign subscriptions&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </td><td align='right'>2.25</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>Numbers are bound up into four parts each year. Charge for
+binding, 35 cents a part.</p>
+
+<p>Remittances should be by registered letter, or by check, express-order,
+or postal-order, payable to <span class="smcap">The Great Round World Publishing
+Co</span>.</p>
+
+<p>No receipts are sent for remittances unless requested. The number
+on the address label represents the number of the paper with
+which subscription will expire.</p>
+
+<p>Ten days' notice should be given of any change of address.</p>
+
+<div class="center">ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION<br />
+<br />
+<small><b>ADDRESS:</b></small><br />
+<big><b>Great Round World Publishing Co.</b></big><br />
+<small><b>3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City</b></small></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>At any of the following stores copies and bound volumes of <span class="smcap">The
+Great Round World</span> will be found on sale, and subscribers may exchange
+their numbers for bound volumes:</p>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Store List">
+<tr><td align='left'>JOHN WANAMAKER, Philadelphia, Pa.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>W. B. CLARKE &amp; CO., Boston, Mass.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>J. &amp; R. SIMMS, 123 22d St., Chicago, Ill.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>WOODWARD &amp; LOTHROP, Washington, D. C.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>PETER PAUL BOOK CO., Buffalo, N. Y.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>BURROWS BROS. CO., Cleveland, Ohio.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>PRESTON &amp; ROUNDS CO., Providence, R. I.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>H. H. CARTER &amp; CO., Boston, Mass.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>WHITAKER &amp; RAY CO., San Francisco, Cal.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>THE ROBERT CLARKE CO., Cincinnati, O.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>THE MARTIN &amp; HOYT CO., Atlanta, Ga.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>ST. PAUL BOOK &amp; STATIONERY CO., St. Paul, Minn.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="American Flags">
+<tr><td align='center'><h2><span class="u">American Flags</span></h2>
+<b><i>Lowest Prices in the United States</i></b>
+<p>Flags made of the best all-wool double-warped U. S. government standard
+bunting, 45 stars sewn in the field, both sides, with canvas headings,
+best lacquered brass grummets, and all double stitched.</p></td><td align='left'><img src="images/flag.png" width="200" height="198" alt="Flag" title="Flag" />
+</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<h4>NET PRICES</h4>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Flag prices">
+<tr><td align='left'>2&times;3</td><td align='left'> feet</td><td align='right'>$0.75</td><td align='left'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5&times;8</td><td align='left'>feet</td><td align='right'>$2.80</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7&times;14</td><td align='left'>feet</td><td align='right'>$6.00</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>2&frac12;&times;4</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='right'>1.00</td><td align='left'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6&times;6&frac12;</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='right'>3.00</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8&times;12</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='right'>5.60</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>3&times;5</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='right'>1.45</td><td align='left'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5&times;10</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='right'>3.40</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8&times;15</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='right'>6.70</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>3&times;6</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='right'>1.75</td><td align='left'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6&times;9</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='right'>3.50</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8&times;16</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='right'>7.15</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>4&times;6</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='right'>2.00</td><td align='left'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6&times;10</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='right'>3.85</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9&times;15</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='right'>7.75</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>4&times;7</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='right'>2.25</td><td align='left'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6&times;12</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='right'>4.50</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9&times;18</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='right'>8.75</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>4&times;8</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='right'>2.50</td><td align='left'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7&times;12</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='right'>5.25</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10&times;15</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='right'>8.25</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br /><b>Cotton bunting, printed muslin, and printed silk flags, flagpoles,<br />etc.,
+at proportionately cheap prices. Send for complete catalogue.</b><br />
+<br />
+<b>Caps, Guns, Swords, Uniforms and all Equipments for "AMERICAN GUARD"</b>
+boys at favorable prices. Send for catalogue, mentioning "The Great
+Round World."</div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<h3>J. A. JOEL &amp; CO., 86 Nassau St., New York</h3>
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 250px;">
+<img src="images/annoucement.png" width="250" height="31" alt="Announcement" title="Announcement" />
+</div>
+
+<div class='center'><br /><br /><br /><br />
+&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;OUR NEW&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</div>
+<h1>Premium Catalogue</h1>
+<div class='center'>WILL BE READY</div>
+
+<h2>MARCH 31st, 1898</h2>
+
+<div class='center'>And will be issued with Number 73 of</div>
+<h1>The Great Round World</h1>
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+<p>All of our regular subscribers will receive copies on that date, but if
+those who have friends who might take advantage of the premiums offered,
+will forward us their names and addresses at once, we will send them
+copies of the premium list <i>postpaid free of charge</i>.</p>
+
+<p>This catalogue will contain 32 pages filled with premiums offered for
+new subscriptions, ranging all the way from paper-covered novels offered
+for one new subscriber each, to bicycles which can be had free for one
+hundred new subscriptions.</p>
+
+<p>Almost anything you want can be earned without cost to you by getting
+new subscribers. Send for one of our new catalogues, and if you don't
+find what you want, ask for it.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h1><big>K</big>ing's&middot;<big>H</big>istorical&middot;<big>C</big>hart</h1>
+
+<h3>OF UNITED STATES.</h3>
+
+<div class='center'><b>Cloth covers with metal supports (size 36&times;40). Price $15 net.<br />Sent upon
+receipt of $3.00 (see offer below).</b></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px;">
+<img src="images/div1.png" width="200" height="22" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>This chart is arranged in three plates and is so planned that the
+history of any State may be traced from date of discovery to the present
+time. Or the important items of history in any period may be quickly
+ascertained.</p>
+
+<p>For example, the question is asked, "Name the divisions of this country
+in the year 1600 in order of size?" Turning to the circle for this
+period the answer is easily ascertained, and is "Province of Louisiana,
+New Spain, Virginia, Florida."</p>
+
+<p>"What State was named first; give its history?" Answer, "Florida,
+discovered in 1512 by De Leon; ceded to England by Spain in 1763; ceded
+back to Spain 1783; ceded to United States 1819."</p>
+
+<p>To obtain an answer to such questions from any history would necessitate
+a waste of much time. This chart is in itself an</p>
+
+<h2>Encyclopedia of U. S. History</h2>
+
+<p>and will prove invaluable to a school. It furnishes material for study,
+for composition, for examinations and reviews, for topical work, and an
+unlimited amount of other work.</p>
+
+<p>PLATE I.&mdash;Contains Discoveries, Settlements, People, Cessions of
+Territory, Wars.</p>
+
+<p>PLATE II.&mdash;States East of Mississippi, Governments, Governors,
+Presidents, Wars, Battles, Massacres, Rebellions, Population, Capitols,
+Indian Wars, Religious Denominations, Universities, Colleges, Births and
+Deaths of Statesmen, Soldiers, Poets, Historians, Philosophers,
+Theologians, and Events.</p>
+
+<p>PLATE III.&mdash;Contains the same information in regard to States west of
+the Mississippi; also an outline showing the political changes, the
+origin, growth, and changes in the great political parties.</p>
+
+<p>It is not always possible for a school to invest this amount of money at
+one time; the chart will therefore be sold on terms that will place it
+within the reach of every one. Fill out the blank below, enclose $3.00,
+and chart will be forwarded at once to your address.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Send to">
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="u"><b><big>To William Beverley Harison:</big></b></span></td><td align='center'>3 &amp; 5 West 18th Street,<br />
+NEW YORK.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p><i>Send to address below King's Historical Chart. Enclosed find
+.................... for $3.00. I agree to pay balance, $1.00 per month
+for twelve months, or until full price ($15.00) is paid.</i></p>
+
+<div class='right'><span style="margin-right: 12em;">
+<i>Name</i>..............................................................</span></div>
+<div class='center'><i>Date</i>.................&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <i>Address</i>..............................................<br />
+<br /><br /></div>
+
+
+
+<div class="bbox2">
+<div class='center'>
+<span class="u"><b>NOW READY</b></span>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="u"><b>Special Price to Teachers</b></span><br />
+</div>
+
+<h1>Rational<br />Home Gymnastics</h1>
+
+<h4>By</h4>
+
+<h3>HARTVIG NISSEN</h3>
+
+<div class='center'>Acting director of Physical Training, Boston Public Schools; author of<br />
+<i>A B C of Swedish Educational Gymnastics, etc., etc.</i></div>
+
+<h3>CONTENTS</h3>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Contents">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Chapter 1. The "Why" and "How."</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Chapter 2. Description of Movements and their Effects.</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Chapter 3. Health Points on Walking and Bicycling.</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Chapter 4. The Use of Water and Massage.</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Chapter 5. Prescription of Exercise for the "Well" and the "Sick."</b></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class='center'><big>With More Than Forty Full-page Illustrations and a Very Complete Index</big></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>No one is better qualified to prepare a work of this nature than
+Professor Nissen, and he has condensed the knowledge gained during his
+twenty years' experience as a teacher of physical culture and medical
+gymnastics into a concise, convenient, and comprehensive manual of
+<i>rational</i> home gymnastics. The unusually complete series of
+illustrations, all of which are reproduced from photographs, make the
+book of exceptional value. For the teacher of gymnastics and physical
+culture, the athlete, and the man or woman, boy or girl, who is
+sufficiently wise to see the benefits of sensible and reasonable
+exercise, no better guide and hand-book has been published.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class='center'><b>"SCHOOL" might with equal truth and propriety be substituted<br />for "HOME"
+in the title.</b></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class='center'><i>Printed in a beautiful clear type on heavy coated paper, stoutly<br />and
+artistically bound in cloth. Price $1.00 postpaid.</i></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class='center'>Correspondence with regard to the examination and introduction of<br />
+Nissen's "Rational Home Gymnastics" is cordially invited.<br />Specimen pages
+free on application.</div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Send to">
+<tr><td align='left'><b><big>Richard G. Badger &amp; Co.,</big></b></td><td align='center'><i>157 Fremont Street</i><br />
+<i>Boston</i></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+</div>
+<div class='center'><small>In writing mention <span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span>.</small></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Doll furniture">
+<tr><td align='left'><h3>Something New</h3>
+<b>for the .. ..</b><br />
+<h3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CHILDREN</h3></td><td align='center'><img src="images/doll_furniture.jpg" width="250" height="80" alt="Patent applied for." title="Patent applied for." />
+<br /><span class="caption">Patent applied for.</span>
+</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+
+<h2>"<span class="smcap">DOLL'S FURNITURE patterns</span>"</h2>
+
+<div class='center'>
+A Supplementary Work<br />
+to the<br />
+Industrial Side<br />
+of the .. ..</div>
+<h2>KINDERGARTEN</h2>
+
+<p>Printed on Muslin, in beautiful designs marked where to cut out, and sew
+together. Use pasteboard for the backs, and cotton for the filling. A
+pleasant and beneficial employment for the LITTLE ONES AT HOME. .. .. ..</p>
+
+<p>For the practibility of the many ideas, viz.: Design, Cutting out,
+Drawing, Sewing, Form, and Color. The result is an indestructible and
+BEAUTIFUL TOY. For sale at Dry-Goods Stores, or sent on receipt
+of. .. .. .. . .. .. ..</p>
+
+<div class='center'><big>12 Cents in Stamps.</big><br />
+<br />
+<b>Palmer Manufacturing Co., 43 and 45 Leonard St., New York</b></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/piano.png" width="400" height="183" alt="The Everett Piano" title="The Everett Piano" />
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="sidenote">WE<br />
+INVITE<br />
+INSPECTION</div>
+<div>
+<b>Highest Grade<br />
+Uprights, Baby and Concert<br />
+Grands....</b><br /></div>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="pianos">
+<tr><td align='left'><b><big>Pianos....</big></b><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">RENTED AND SOLD<br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">ON EASY<br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">MONTHLY PAYMENTS<br /></span>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</td><td align='center'><b><i>WAREROOMS</i></b><br /><b>141-143 Fifth Ave., near 21st St.,</b><br />
+<b>NEW YORK</b><br /></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<div class='center'><b>... Also BOSTON, CHICAGO, CINCINNATI, and ATLANTA ...</b><br />
+</div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_289" id="Page_289">[289]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_321" id="Page_321">[321]</a></span></p><p><b>... Also BOSTON, CHICAGO, CINCINNATI, and ATLANTA ...</b></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p class="figcenter"><img src="images/title.png" alt="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" title="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" /></p>
+
+<div class='center'><b>Vol. II., No. 11.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; MARCH 17, 1898 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Whole No. 71</b></div>
+
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 68px;">
+<img src="images/editor.png" width="68" height="100" alt="With the Editor" title="With the Editor" />
+</div>
+<p>Spain and the Cuban situation continue to form the great centres of
+interest in this week's news. With the continuation of active
+preparations on the part of the United States and Spain, the crisis
+seems to be rapidly approaching. It is to be hoped that each will
+succeed in making itself so strong that war may be averted because of
+its probable magnitude. The presence of two strong fleets, opposed to
+each other, on the high seas could not but prove a menace to the
+interests of other nations; the prospect of this may of itself lead to a
+peaceful conclusion through the intervention of some one of the great
+powers. War seems a glorious thing to those who have not known its
+horrors; to experience it is quite another thing. In any event it would
+mean to many loss of fathers or brothers, destruction of property,
+paralysis of business&mdash;and all for what? That some point might be
+attained, some pride gratified, some enemy humbled&mdash;results as easily
+accomplished by arbitration the great blessing of the century. We may
+not ourselves be able to do anything to avert war. Each of us, however,
+can do his share<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_322" id="Page_322">[322]</a></span> toward creating a sentiment in favor of peace, and
+thus overcome the effect of the mischief-makers who, <ins title="Transcriber's Note: original text had backwards 'c'">crying</ins> war at the
+top of their lungs now, will be the first to shirk duty if we have to
+fight.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>We take pleasure in announcing that the publication of "The Great Round
+World, and the People Who Lived on It," by Mme. Z. A. Ragozin, the first
+numbers of which appeared in <span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span> some months ago, will
+be continued shortly. Serious illness of the author has until this time
+interfered with its continuation.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Our new premium catalogue which was announced several weeks ago will be
+mailed with No. 73 of <span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span>, for March 31st. Every
+subscriber will get a copy. Others can have it on application.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 138px;">
+<img src="images/tb2.png" width="138" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<h2>Answers to Correspondents</h2>
+
+<p>We have received the following very interesting letter from the City of
+Mexico:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><span class="smcap">Dear Editor</span>:
+
+<p>I read in one of last July's numbers of <span class="smcap">The Great
+Round World</span> a request for further information
+about the Empress Carlotta or the Emperor
+Maximilian.</p>
+
+<p>We have a little summer home in the same town of
+Cuernavaca where they had their residence.</p>
+
+<p>I don't wonder that they chose it for a summer
+home, it is such a beautiful spot and the climate
+perfection. It is fifty miles in air-line from the
+City of Mexico.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_323" id="Page_323">[323]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Their residence in Cuernavaca was an old place
+called "Jardin de la Borda." The house is of no
+importance, but the garden is one of the beautiful
+sights of Mexico; though now in a state of ruin,
+it is all fountains, terraces, lakes, flowers, and
+trees.</p>
+
+<p>The Emperor also had his shooting-lodge about
+three miles out, with a small house on the
+grounds. Madame D&mdash;&mdash; (who was maid of honor to
+the Empress) told my mother that it was used
+simply as a resting-place for the huntsmen and a
+place of picnicking by the court. It is called
+"Casa del Campo." It is also in a ruinous state,
+is rented for $100 per year silver, and is used as
+a kind of beer-garden.</p>
+
+<p>About ten miles from the town of Cuernavaca there
+is the magnificent hacienda of Atlascomulco,
+originally owned by Hernan Cortez. The greater
+portion of the building stands as Cortez left it,
+the walls being in many places five feet thick.</p>
+
+<p>In the orchard attached is a small one-story house
+where Maximilian spent many hours of his stay at
+Cuernavaca; and there in a small room he signed
+the famous "Banda Negra" (Black Decree) which
+caused him to be so hated and which hastened his
+fall.</p>
+
+<p>There are still to be seen the table, chair, and
+pen said to have been used by Maximilian when he
+signed the Black Decree. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="smcap">John R. D., Jr.</span> </p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 138px;">
+<img src="images/tb2.png" width="138" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<h2>New Books</h2>
+
+<p>From Germany we have received a most interesting little publication for
+our girls, and also a most valuable chart which will interest their
+elders.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_324" id="Page_324">[324]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Fuer fleissige Kinderhaende. Anleitung und Muster fuer Bekleidung einer
+Puppe. Von Julie Lutz, Lehrerin der Frauenarbeitsschule, Heilbronn," is
+the title of the former. We hope to see an English edition of this some
+time soon, for many of our readers may not find German so easy to
+understand. However, even though this has the directions in German, it
+will be very much appreciated by all.</p>
+
+<p>It consists of a good strong portfolio, or case, containing a number of
+patterns for doll clothes, printed on heavy strong paper, so that they
+may be cut out and used over and over again. Each pattern is in a strong
+envelope, so that it may be kept separate, and on each envelope is a
+picture of the garment, to aid in putting it together. With the pattern
+is a pamphlet giving (in German) full and careful directions.</p>
+
+<p>The chart is the 1897 edition of Dr. Berghaus' celebrated "Chart of the
+World," published by Justus Perthes, Gotha. Size is about 40&times;62 inches,
+mounted on linen, and folded in a case; or as a wall-map with rollers.</p>
+
+<p>In Europe, this chart is to be found in almost every railroad or
+steamship office, as well as in schools, business offices, and private
+houses, where it is used for general reference. Besides being the latest
+and most complete map of the world, with the very latest information as
+to boundaries, it contains ocean currents, direction of trade-winds,
+steamship and sailing vessel routes, coaling-stations, and railroads
+(even the new trans-Siberian railroad, about which we wrote in a recent
+number) of all countries; and much other valuable information.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_325" id="Page_325">[325]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<h2>Current History</h2>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 138px;">
+<img src="images/tb2.png" width="138" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The <i>Maine</i> affair is still the most important item of current history.</p>
+
+<p>The Board of Inquiry has returned to Havana and is still carrying on its
+investigation, and until this body makes an official report to the
+United States Government, we should, as Captain Sigsbee telegraphed the
+night of the explosion, suspend judgment.</p>
+
+<p>There has been no way of ascertaining the results of the Board's
+inquiries. The testimony of eye-witnesses of the disaster, sailors and
+divers, was heard on board the <i>Mangrove</i>, anchored near the wreck. A
+number of photographs of the <i>Maine</i> have been taken under water, by a
+man employed by the Board. These photographs are deemed very important,
+as the Board can get a much clearer idea of the position of the d&eacute;bris
+than they could from the descriptions of the divers. The belief is
+widely entertained that the Board will report that the disaster was
+caused by an explosion from the outside. How the two countries will act
+after such a report is delivered, can only be surmised. Of course, Spain
+will make her own thorough investigation; the divers have already been
+permitted to examine the wreck to a certain extent. It is very hard to
+believe that the Spanish Government had anything to do with the
+explosion. Individuals,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_326" id="Page_326">[326]</a></span> acting for themselves and not in touch with the
+Government, probably "assassinated" the boat&mdash;if she was "assassinated."
+In that case, the United States can with justice claim an indemnity.</p>
+
+<p>If, however, it can be proved that Spanish officers knew that there was
+a mine under the <i>Maine</i>, and did not take the trouble to tell Captain
+Sigsbee, the United States would undoubtedly consider it a <i>casus belli</i>
+(that is, a cause of war), unless Spain promptly agrees to make good the
+loss.</p>
+
+<p>As we told you last week, it is said that no dead fish were found in
+Havana harbor after the explosion. Another significant report is, that
+there was no large wave directly after the explosion took place. If
+these reports are true, they would almost preclude the possibility of
+its having been an outside explosion.</p>
+
+<p>It was reported that Weyler, while Captain-General of Cuba, had caused
+Havana harbor to be filled with mines and torpedoes, and that he alone
+had the plans.</p>
+
+<p>In a letter to a New York paper, however, General Weyler absolutely
+denies this, and he writes that he has had nothing to do with the mines
+and torpedoes in Havana harbor.</p>
+
+<p>One sensational report printed in a New York paper was that, shortly
+before the explosion took place, the guard on the <i>Maine</i> noticed a very
+distinct ripple on the water, as if a small boat was being propelled
+close to the vessel.</p>
+
+<p>Many similar reports have reached the United States, and it is hard to
+know what to believe. One of the New York papers has been telling so
+many lies that the Government was compelled to stop this particular
+journal from sending any messages at all over<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_327" id="Page_327">[327]</a></span> the cable from Havana to
+Key West. This paper then sent its news to Europe, and from there cabled
+to New York. Over this circuitous route came most marvellous tales, and
+it is needless to say that most of them were lies pure and simple. The
+editor of one enterprising journal is reported to have wagered $50,000
+that he will cause war between the United States and Spain.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The wounded sailors from the <i>Maine</i> have all been transferred from
+Havana to Dry Tortugas. Dry Tortugas is an island east of Key West.
+These sailors say that the Spaniards treated them with the utmost
+kindness.</p>
+
+<p>The first body from the <i>Maine</i> was brought to Key West last Thursday.
+All flags in the city were at half-mast, and although the body was that
+of an unidentified seaman, it was given the burial of a naval hero.
+Captain McCalla, of the <i>Marblehead</i>, with Fleet Chaplain Lee Boyce and
+a guard of honor of forty sailors, received the body, and it was borne
+in state through the quiet streets of the city to the graveyard on the
+outskirts. The sailors were drawn up facing the grave; the chaplain read
+the service, and the body was lowered to its resting-place. The simple
+ceremony was then ended by the ship's bugler sounding the recall, and
+the guard at "shoulder arms" marched back to the pier.</p>
+
+<p>It is reported that the uninjured survivors of the <i>Maine</i> feel very
+much distressed over orders they are said to have received from the Navy
+Department. All but five of the men are ordered to report for ser<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_328" id="Page_328">[328]</a></span>vice
+on the ships of the fleet at Key West. Naturally, they are desirous to
+get to their friends in the North, and an effort will be made to induce
+the Navy Department to allow them to do so.</p>
+
+<p>It seems that, of the men killed on the <i>Maine</i>, a great number were
+natives of foreign countries. The governments of these countries have
+demanded an explanation of the disaster, and in case it is found that
+the explosion was due to faults of construction or carelessness, an
+indemnity will undoubtedly be demanded; or, if Spain is responsible for
+the disaster, she will be called upon to pay this indemnity.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>March 7th it was reported that Se&ntilde;or Gullon, Spanish Minister of Foreign
+Affairs, had intimated to Minister Woodford that the Spanish Government
+desired the recall of Consul-General Lee from Havana.</p>
+
+<p>This news created great excitement. Our Government promptly cabled to
+Minister Woodford, refusing to recall General Lee, and Spain officially
+retracted the request, and the incident was practically closed.</p>
+
+<p>A minister exercises his functions only by permission of the country to
+which he is sent. If at any time that country has reason to object to
+his presence, it can demand his recall, or, by withdrawing his
+<i>exequatur</i>, make him at once a private American citizen, and nothing
+more.</p>
+
+<p>An <i>exequatur</i> is the written official recognition of a consul or
+minister, which is issued by the government to which he is accredited,
+authorizing him to exercise his powers in the place to which he is
+sent.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_329" id="Page_329">[329]</a></span> We have already explained, in connection with the De Lome
+incident, how a country may dismiss a diplomatic representative.</p>
+
+<p>If Spain had demanded Lee's recall, or dismissed him for any reason
+which she considered sufficient, there would have been no just ground
+for offence. It would not even have been necessary for her to explain
+her reasons.</p>
+
+<p>Spain's action in intimating that she desired the recall was a courteous
+way of putting the matter. President McKinley, in refusing to consider
+it, took a wise course, for the recall of General Lee at this critical
+time might have added to the strained relations existing between the
+countries; besides, General Lee is so thoroughly acquainted with the
+situation in Cuba that it is to the best interest of this country to
+retain him.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Reports from Cuba as to the insurgents' cause have this week been
+perceptibly fewer. It is known that a number of filibustering
+expeditions have landed, and the Cubans feel very much elated. They say
+that the <i>Maine</i> disaster has helped them in this country, for it has
+increased the feeling against Spain.</p>
+
+<p>The condition of the reconcentrados is terrible. You will remember that
+General Weyler issued a decree that the farmers with their families, and
+the people who lived out in the country, should leave their homes and
+come into the towns. This was done because it was believed that these
+people were supplying the insurgents with food and aiding them in other
+ways. Of course, when these poor people were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_330" id="Page_330">[330]</a></span> herded together in and
+around the cities and towns, a great many of them had no possible way of
+making a living. Starvation has resulted, and thousands of these
+reconcentrados, as they are called, are dying. It is estimated that
+there are very nearly 300,000 of them, and what food and clothing they
+need must be given to them. The Spaniards, as can be imagined, have not
+been very charitably disposed toward these poor people, and the United
+States has generously come to the rescue. Tons of food and clothing have
+already been sent to the island, and almost every day we read of some
+vessel starting for Cuba with supplies for these unfortunate people.</p>
+
+<p>The United States Government has deemed the matter important enough to
+despatch two gunboats, the <i>Montgomery</i> and <i>Nashville</i>, with provisions
+to Matanzas and Sagua la Grande, Cuba.</p>
+
+<p>The supplies have been sent to Key West, to be forwarded from there in
+the vessels selected.</p>
+
+<p>Spain, through her representative at Washington, Se&ntilde;or du Bosc, objected
+to the use of war-vessels for this purpose, and it was at first decided
+to send the supplies in the despatch-boat <i>Fern</i>, in many respects
+better fitted for such a purpose. Finally, however, orders were sent to
+Key West to carry out the original plan.</p>
+
+<p>That Spain objects to the visits of our war-ships to these Cuban ports
+may lead to further complications, for with equal reason she can exclude
+our ships from Havana harbor, and this would prevent us from protecting
+our own citizens who are in Havana.</p>
+
+<p>The fact that relief expeditions are sent by us is in itself an
+acknowledgment on our part that we either<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_331" id="Page_331">[331]</a></span> do not consider Spain able to
+care for these poor people, or that we think that she wilfully refuses
+to do so. Spain could settle the question at once by properly providing
+for them. This, however, she has not attempted to do.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>March 7th a bill was introduced by Chairman Cannon, of the
+Appropriations Committee, entitled, "Making Appropriations for the
+National Defence."</p>
+
+<p>It was as follows: "That there is hereby appropriated out of any money
+in the treasury, not otherwise appropriated for the national defence,
+and for each and every purpose connected therewith, to be expended at
+the discretion of the President, and to remain available until June 30,
+1899, fifty million dollars."</p>
+
+<p>This bill, it was reported, was the outcome of a conference held at the
+White House. The situation was considered so serious that it was
+necessary that an immense appropriation should be made for national
+defence.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Talk of the United States buying Cuba has revived during the last week.
+The Spaniards seem to think better of this than they did some months
+ago, and it is reported that one paper in Madrid has come out in favor
+of selling the island to this country.</p>
+
+<p>It is a question whether it would be wise for this country to buy Cuba.
+It would involve the expendi<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_332" id="Page_332">[332]</a></span>ture of $300,000,000 or $400,000,000; and,
+again, the people who live on the island might not be a desirable
+addition to the voting population of the United States. Spain has
+misunderstood this country in regard to the purpose of our proposed
+intervention in Cuba. She believes that we would intervene in order to
+obtain possession of the island. The truth is, that the only reason for
+our stopping the war would be for the sake of mercy, for the war that is
+going on in Cuba is uncivilized and horrible.</p>
+
+<p>About twenty-five hundred men have been sent to Cuba recently as
+reinforcements to the Spanish army, and Spain is putting forth the
+greatest efforts to stop the revolution before the rainy season sets in.
+Five torpedo-boats are to be towed from Madrid to Havana. It will be
+unfortunate for Spain if she has no better luck towing these boats than
+she had with her immense dry-dock, which we told you about several weeks
+ago.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The <i>Vizcaya</i>, which left New York on February 25th, arrived in Havana
+safely. The <i>Almirante Oquendo</i>, a sister ship of the <i>Vizcaya</i>, has
+also reached Havana.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Oquendo</i> is a very powerful vessel, 340 feet long, 65 feet wide,
+and can steam 20 knots an hour. She is said to have cost $3,000,000. She
+left the Canary Islands on February 15th, the day the <i>Maine</i> blew up.</p>
+
+<p>The men on board, of course, had not heard of the catastrophe, and when
+they saw the wreck they could not imagine what it meant. With these
+vessels and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_333" id="Page_333">[333]</a></span> the <i>Alphonso XII.</i> in Havana harbor, it is said the war
+fever has attacked the city, and the Spaniards there are anxious to
+fight the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Conflicting reports have reached us as to whether Spain has bought
+war-ships in England or not during the last week. It is, however,
+reported on good authority that Spain has negotiated a large loan in
+London; the amount is not known. Several vessels have been in course of
+construction for Brazil and Chile, and now that they are almost
+completed, it is said that the Spanish Government, by agreeing to pay
+immense sums, is attempting to secure them. It does not seem likely that
+Chile would give up a battle-ship just now, as the relations between
+that country and the Argentine Republic are very strained. There is no
+doubt, however, but that Spain is increasing the efficiency of her navy,
+which is beginning to assume very formidable proportions.</p>
+
+<p>The United States is also busy putting the older ships in good order,
+and rushing the work on those being constructed. The Government, it is
+reported, has the details of construction of many boats now building on
+the other side. One report was that the United States had an option on
+every ship being built in Europe, except, of course, vessels being built
+for Spain. This report, however, has not been confirmed. For the United
+States to have the option on a ship means that no other nation will be
+allowed to buy that ship unless the United States decides that she does
+not wish to have it herself.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_334" id="Page_334">[334]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The Spaniards are disturbed at the news of an American squadron at
+Hongkong, on the coast of China. If you will look on your map, you will
+find that the Philippine Islands are not very far from Hongkong. These
+islands belong to Spain, and in the event of a war between the United
+States and Spain, great damage could be done by this fleet.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The monitor <i>Terror</i> has arrived in New York harbor from Hampton Roads.
+This boat is 249 feet long, 56 feet wide, and can steam 12 knots an
+hour. The <i>Puritan</i> and <i>Miantonomoh</i> are two boats in the same class as
+the <i>Terror</i>, and for harbor defence they are unsurpassed. Very little
+surface is exposed to the fire of the enemy, as they are very low in the
+water; so low, that often, when in a sea-way, the waves wash over
+everything but the smoke-stacks and the turrets, so you can see how very
+difficult it is to do any damage to these formidable boats. They are all
+provided with rams. A ram is a very heavily reinforced projecting bow.
+Many war-vessels are built this way, so that they may run down and sink
+their antagonists in time of war. You will remember that the famous
+Confederate ram <i>Merrimac</i> employed this mode of attack as a last
+resort, in her famous fight with the <i>Monitor</i> during the Civil War. She
+was not successful, for she did not strike the <i>Monitor</i> squarely. With
+their immense weight these monitors could pierce with their rams the
+armor of almost any ship and sink it.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_335" id="Page_335">[335]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>On Wednesday, February 23d, M. Zola was found guilty of publishing a
+letter criticising the Government for its conduct in the Esterhazy
+court-martial and declaring the innocence of Albert Dreyfus. This letter
+was published in the Paris <i>Aurore</i>, whose editor is M. Perreux. M. Zola
+was sentenced to one year's imprisonment, and was also fined 3,000
+francs, or about $600. As we told you in our last number, M. Perreux was
+condemned to serve four months in prison and pay 4,000 francs. In
+summing up&mdash;that is, in making his final address to the court&mdash;M.
+Labori, counsel of M. Zola, made touching references to the unhappiness
+of the Dreyfus family, the courage of the wife of the prisoner, and the
+letter from the disgraced man in September, 1897, protesting his
+innocence. The remarks made a great sensation in the court-room, many
+people weeping.</p>
+
+<p>The jury was out but a very short time, and returned with the sentence
+as stated above, which is the maximum penalty for the crime for which
+Zola was arrested. Civilized nations feel very sorry for France, for she
+has lowered herself in the eyes of the world. It is almost universally
+believed that Zola proved his charges, and outside of France Dreyfus is
+believed to be innocent.</p>
+
+<p>It would seem that the French Government is bound to uphold the decision
+of the court-martial at any cost, so as not to be compelled to recall
+Dreyfus and have a new trial. It is deemed necessary to suppress the
+Dreyfus agitation.</p>
+
+<p>Four newspapers in Paris, including the <i>Aurore</i>, have been notified
+that unless they cease their attacks<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_336" id="Page_336">[336]</a></span> they will be prosecuted by the
+Government. Many correspondents have been warned to write in different
+vein about the case. Colonel Picquart, as we told you last week, has
+been obliged to leave the army, and the Government has dismissed M. Le
+Blois, Perreux's counsel, and one of Zola's witnesses, who was a deputy
+mayor in Paris.</p>
+
+<p>We think you would like to hear something about Devil's Island, the
+place where Albert Dreyfus is confined. This island is one of a group,
+twenty-seven miles northwest of Cayenne in French Guiana. Get your map
+of South America, and you will be able to put your finger on the spot.
+In 1852 the French Government established a penal colony on these
+islands. A penal colony is one formed of convicts sent out from the
+mother country. Many of these colonies have proved successful,
+particularly the ones where the prisoners are allowed to work and build
+up their own homes for themselves. Australia was settled in this way,
+and it has developed wonderfully.</p>
+
+<p>From reports, Dreyfus is having a very hard time on Devil's Island. He
+is not allowed to speak to any one, and lives in absolute solitude. It
+is said that his hair has turned grey, and his confinement in other ways
+is aging him rapidly. He is allowed to write, but his letters simply
+declare his innocence over and over again. It was rumored some time ago
+that Dreyfus had escaped, and since then the French Government has
+ordered the officials of the convict settlement to telegraph every day
+to Paris the fact that the prisoner is safely under guard.</p>
+
+<p>Political prisoners are usually allowed to have their wives with them,
+but, although Mme. Dreyfus<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_337" id="Page_337">[337]</a></span> has made strong efforts, France will not
+allow her to be with her husband.</p>
+
+<p>There is a man living in Rome who is said to have been imprisoned on
+Devil's Island for several years. His name is Gen. Paolo Tibaldi, who
+was sentenced to life imprisonment on the island for conspiring against
+Napoleon III. He says that when he was there the island was a bare rock
+without a tree or a blade of grass, and the heat of the sun was
+terrible. The provisions supplied daily by the Government were a pound
+and a half of the worst kind of bread, for each convict, a piece of old
+meat or salt fat, beans or rice, a little oil, and also a kind of
+spirits called tafla. The general claims that the treatment to which the
+captives were subjected was most severe. They were chained by the
+keepers, fed on bread and water for months, and beaten with ropes. Five
+thousand dollars was raised in France to rescue General Tibaldi, but
+that only made matters worse, and he suffered added torments. Finally,
+public opinion in France combined with the press in his behalf, and the
+General was freed.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The trouble in West Africa promises to become such an important item of
+current history that it might be well to look into it more deeply, and
+try and get a clear idea of the difficulty.</p>
+
+<p>France undoubtedly wishes to have dominion over the countries lying
+between her western and eastern possessions in Africa. On the west coast
+she owns the Senegal River and the town of St. Louis. The Central Soudan
+also belongs to France, and on the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_338" id="Page_338">[338]</a></span> east coast, opposite Aden, the two
+towns of Obok and Tanjurrah fly the French flag. The problem has been to
+acquire the lands intervening, so as to make one unbroken line. You can
+see what an advantage this would be; for, with the Nile on one side and
+the Niger on the other, it would be comparatively easy to ship valuable
+products from the interior to the markets of the world.</p>
+
+<p>Since 1880, France has spent great sums of money in trying to bridge
+over the space lying between her possessions, and step by step her
+empire has pushed its way from the Senegal to the Niger.</p>
+
+<p>England had been confined to the coast. She owned Sierra Leone, the
+Gambia Settlements, the Colony of Lagos, and the Niger Protectorate. The
+Royal Niger Company owned the hinterland of Lagos, which means the
+country back of Lagos, and this is the only hinterland that England did
+own. France, owning the country back of the English Colonies,
+effectually checks their development.</p>
+
+<p>Until 1890 there was a dispute between England and France about their
+West African possessions. In 1890 there was a difficulty about territory
+on the Lower Niger, and this was settled for a little while by a treaty
+which marked out the British "spheres of influence" by a line drawn from
+Say on the Niger to Lake Chad. Say is directly west of Sokoto, and you
+can easily find Lake Chad on your map, for it is a very large lake. To
+the south, the British were supposed to control "all that properly
+belongs to the kingdom of Sokoto."</p>
+
+<p>If France has invaded this kingdom they have broken the treaty, and they
+are in the wrong.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_339" id="Page_339">[339]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>On the other bank of the Niger, England, through the Royal Niger
+Company, has made treaties with the native chiefs, and thus gained a
+good foothold.</p>
+
+<p>In 1893, France conquered and annexed Dahomey, which is on the coast;
+but England controlled the hinterland of Dahomey through the treaties
+her company had made with the chiefs. France chose to set aside these
+treaties, and said that, having been made with savages, they were not
+valid. During the last three years she has sent out expeditious from St.
+Louis and Dahomey, and gained a great deal of territory which England
+believes <i>she</i> ought to control.</p>
+
+<p>So that is the way the matter is at present. France has the possession
+of countries for which England can show her treaties.</p>
+
+<p>For the benefit of commerce, it would be well that victory should lie
+with England, for she would open the country to the commerce of the
+world, while France alone would benefit should she control this rich
+land.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>We told you two weeks ago of the change of Presidents in the Republic of
+Venezuela.</p>
+
+<p>The new President, Gen. Ignacio Andrade, starts his administration with
+the prospect of serious trouble in his country.</p>
+
+<p>The State Department at Washington was notified, shortly after General
+Andrade's election, that a revolution had broken out at Valencia. This
+is a town two hundred miles west of Caracas, and situated in the
+mountains, which, starting here, extend down the whole western coast of
+South America.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_340" id="Page_340">[340]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The cause of the revolution is not known, but it is supposed to be on
+account of the succession of General Andrade.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The Chinese puzzle still remains unsolved.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Labouchere, the editor of London <i>Truth</i>, has some very good ideas
+to offer; he says: "What, in the name of goodness, have we got to
+quarrel about in China? Russia is striving to get an access to the
+Pacific which will not be ice-bound in winter. It is a reasonable
+desire, and will not hurt us. Russia is not our commercial rival, and is
+not likely to be. Germany has obtained a <i>pied-&agrave;-terre</i> (foothold) in
+China. On the part of a great commercial power this, also, is not
+unreasonable. It may not suit us, but it is considerably less than we
+have got, and we have no right to object. Considering the position which
+we have so long occupied, and still occupy, in China, this snarling and
+blustering at the first appearance of a stranger on the scene is more
+offensive and contemptible than the conduct of the dog in the manger."</p>
+
+<p>Commenting on what Sir Michael Hicks-Beach said in reference to keeping
+treaty ports open in case of war, Labouchere says: "Having heard a cock
+crow on a neighboring dunghill, he thought it necessary that the
+majestic voice of Britain should be heard also."</p>
+
+<p>It was reported in our last number that England and Germany have agreed
+to combine and lend China the $80,000,000 which she is to pay to Japan.</p>
+
+<p>It is not known whether Japan will release her hold on Wei-Hai-Wei even
+if she gets this money.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_341" id="Page_341">[341]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>England, in consideration of this loan, would certainly expect favors
+from China as regards the Yangtse-kiang Valley, and Germany would
+undoubtedly expect to have no more trouble with China because of her
+seizure of Kiao-Chou. Many other concessions will undoubtedly be
+demanded, and we may be sure that Russia will have something to say.</p>
+
+<p>It is also reported that the Government at Pekin will try and settle its
+difficulties by allotting "spheres of influence" to the great powers.
+This was done in West Africa, where it is causing much trouble between
+France and England. The Chinese evidently do not realize how elastic
+these "spheres" are.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>It is to be wondered whether or not Emperor Kuang Hsu, of China,
+realizes the danger that threatens his kingdom. He is known as the Son
+of Heaven and Brother of the Sun. These titles would seem to indicate
+that he is a person of great character and capable of ruling the Empire.
+The truth is, he is a very weak young man, and the country is really
+ruled by the Empress Dowager. She is sixty-three years old, and for many
+years has controlled every action of the Emperor. She has supervised his
+education, selected his wives, and really held the Emperor squarely
+under her thumb.</p>
+
+<p>The Emperor is securely hidden away behind the thick walls of his
+palace, and his private quarters are known as the Purple Forbidden City.
+Very few people have set eyes upon the monarch; and among Europeans and
+Americans, only ambassadors are permitted to see him.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_342" id="Page_342">[342]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>He is said to have a very ugly temper, and to do foolish things when he
+cannot have his own way. This must happen very often, for the Empress
+Dowager sees that his way is made hers.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Russia has followed Germany's example, and demanded from China a lease
+of Port Arthur and Talien-Wan, granting to her all sovereign rights over
+these ports for the same period and on the same conditions as in the
+case of Germany at Kiao-Chou Bay.</p>
+
+<p>At first, China was disposed to refuse this demand; but Russia
+threatened to move troops into Manchuria if the demand was not acceded
+to, and China, making a virtue of necessity, yielded.</p>
+
+<p>This lease gives to Russia what she has so long wanted&mdash;that is, a port
+on the Asiatic coast which is not frozen up in winter. She now has her
+"sphere of influence" located in a way most satisfactory to herself.</p>
+
+<p>If China leases many more ports to the great powers she may secure the
+materials for a "concert of powers" which will prove as useful to her as
+it has been to the Sultan of Turkey.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>It is reported that there are 10,000 men on the trail between Skaguay
+and Dyea in Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>The rush is now at its height, for now that the warmer weather is
+coming, the perils of the Klondike will be fewer for some months.</p>
+
+<p>Some very thrilling tales have reached us from the Pacific coast,
+although the newspapers are very reti<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_343" id="Page_343">[343]</a></span>cent about publishing reports of
+accidents. It would seem that some agency is suppressing accounts of
+ill-starred ventures. Certainly, the papers hold out the golden
+possibilities of the trip, while the dangers and privations are kept
+well in the background.</p>
+
+<p>Thousands of men are setting out for the gold country to-day. Every
+small town and village of the United States has its quota of Argonauts,
+and they are pouring west to take ship for the Klondike. In Greek
+mythology there is a story about a man named Jason, who set out to find
+the Golden Fleece. The ship he sailed in was named the <i>Argo</i>. In 1849,
+when the people of the United States had the gold fever so badly, and
+the rush to California was very much like that to the Klondike to-day,
+the men who started from the East to go to the Pacific coast by ship
+were called Argonauts. Afterward it became a common term, and all people
+setting out for the gold-mines were designated by this title.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The reindeer which were bought in Scandinavia by the United States for
+use in Alaska, and shipped to New York, are to be sold. They were to
+have been used for relief expeditions, but it has been found out that
+supplies are more abundant in the Klondike than was first reported.</p>
+
+<p>There are five hundred and thirty-seven of these reindeer, and it is to
+be doubted whether they will sell for as much money as they have cost.
+To buy them in Lapland, Norway, and Sweden involved an expenditure of
+$50,000, and to bring them to this country was a very expensive
+undertaking.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_344" id="Page_344">[344]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 213px;">
+<img src="images/illus-030.png" width="213" height="250" alt="AN INDIAN SOLDIER." title="AN INDIAN SOLDIER." />
+<span class="caption">AN INDIAN SOLDIER.</span>
+</div>
+<p>There are more rumors of trouble in India. In and about Bombay there is
+a strong feeling of discontent among the natives because of the plague
+measures. You will remember what was written in July last in <span class="smcap">The Great
+Round World</span> about the curious customs of the different races in India;
+how they refuse to depart from these customs for fear of losing caste,
+which they hold more dear than life itself.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>The great Sepoy Mutiny was partly occasioned by the use of cartridges
+which were thought to have lard on them; from these cartridges the
+native soldiers had to remove the ends before putting them in the
+muskets, and they said that it was intended that they should bite off
+this larded end and thus lose caste.</p>
+
+<p>Many of these natives will not drink milk, others will not touch lard,
+and none of them must eat food prepared or handled by certain persons.</p>
+
+<p>In order to stop the spread of the plague, certain rules had to be made,
+and it is these rules which cause so many outbreaks among the natives.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_345" id="Page_345">[345]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The population of India is enormous, and a general outbreak would
+necessarily be a very serious matter.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The re-election of Paul Kr&uuml;ger as President of the South African
+Republic, while fortunate for the citizens of that country, is thought
+to be detrimental to British interests in South Africa, for since the
+Jameson Raid, about which we told you in No. 20 of <span class="smcap">The Great Round
+World</span>, Oom Paul has not held the English in high favor.</p>
+
+<p>President Kr&uuml;ger received three-quarters of the votes in the late
+election. His rivals were General Joubert, Vice-President of the
+Republic, and Schalk Burger, a member of the Executive Council. The
+President's term is five years.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>A VERY important event in South Africa is the completion of the railway
+between Cape Town and Buluwayo. Look on your map and see what a great
+distance this is. It is just about as far as New York is from New
+Orleans. The road is to be continued to Lake Tanganyika (Buluwayo lies
+about mid-way between Cape Town and the southern extremity of this
+Lake). It is reported that this extension will cost $15,000,000. England
+controls this railway, and it will probably be the source of great
+revenue to her, for the natural treasures of this part of Africa are
+almost unlimited.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_346" id="Page_346">[346]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>There is a very interesting article in <i>McClure's Magazine</i> for March
+about Andr&eacute;e and his expedition. The finding of the carrier-pigeon is
+described. It seems that the captain of the sealer <i>Aiken</i>, which was
+cruising near Spitzbergen, saw this bird in the rigging of his boat. It
+was very tired, had its head under its wing, and was fast asleep. The
+captain shot the bird, and it fell into the sea. He did not think
+anything more of the matter until he happened to remember hearing about
+the pigeons Andr&eacute;e had taken with him. He turned his vessel, and steered
+back to try and find the bird. Fortunately he was successful, and
+attached to a tail-feather of the carrier-pigeon was found a small tube
+with this message in it:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><div class='right'>
+"July 13th, 12:30 <span class="smcap">p.m.</span><br />
+</div>
+
+<p>"Latitude 82&deg; 2'; longitude 15&deg; 5' east. Good
+progress eastward, 10&deg; south. All well on board.
+This is the third pigeon despatch. </p>
+
+<div class='right'>
+"<span class="smcap">Andr&eacute;e.</span>"<br />
+</div></div>
+
+
+<p>It has been proved that this dispatch really was from Andr&eacute;e, and it is
+the only word that has been received from him since he started on his
+perilous trip.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>England seems to be determined to keep her hold in Egypt, and, if
+possible, to strengthen it. Her troops there have been ordered to
+proceed to Khartoum and thence to Uganda, with the plan of sending them
+on to Fashoda in order to make it a British post.</p>
+
+<p>England realizes the immense importance to her<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_347" id="Page_347">[347]</a></span> commerce of keeping the
+White Nile Valley open and safe. It is reported that she is now
+conducting negotiations at Brussels and at Berlin to secure control of
+the territory connecting Uganda with South Africa, which she tried
+unsuccessfully to secure several years ago when Lord Rosebery was in
+power.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The news that the French liner <i>La Champagne</i> was overdue last month in
+New York, caused considerable anxiety. This increased as several days
+passed without bringing any news of her.</p>
+
+<p>Then the steamer <i>Rotterdam</i>, which arrived in New York on February
+27th, brought an officer and six men belonging to <i>La Champagne</i>. They
+had been picked up in an open boat in which they had been tossed about
+on a rough sea for six days and nights, suffering great hardships.</p>
+
+<p>They announced that <i>La Champagne</i> had broken her shaft and was
+anchored, safe but helpless, off the banks of Newfoundland. They had put
+out in the open boat in order to seek for assistance in the regular
+track of the steamers, from which <i>La Champagne</i> had been driven.</p>
+
+<p>Assistance was sent to the disabled ship, and a few days later she was
+brought into the harbor of Halifax.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The Cubans are keeping up an astonishingly vigorous campaign. The
+hardest fighting of late has taken place in the eastern part of the
+island.</p>
+
+<p>A severe battle was fought on February 18th and 19th, at Puerto
+Principe, in which the insurgents<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_348" id="Page_348">[348]</a></span> were worsted by Gen. Jiminez
+Castellanos, losing in all one hundred and eighty-one men, and being
+obliged to abandon more than eighty men who lay dead on the field. It is
+reported that included among those killed were Colonel Rodriguez,
+Commandant Angel Rocio, and other officers.</p>
+
+<p>The losses of the Spanish were much smaller, but it is said that
+Lieutenant Porajo was killed. The Spaniards captured a number of horses
+and considerable ammunition.</p>
+
+<p>In the province of Santiago de Cuba, General Pardo has been fighting
+with the insurgent forces under General Garcia and General Rabi. The
+engagements lasted through six days, resulting, it is said, in the loss
+of eighty men on the Spanish side. In this province the Cubans have
+succeeded in fortifying themselves very strongly.</p>
+
+<p>A cablegram from Madrid has stated that of late there has been a great
+increase in the number of Spanish troops mentioned in the official news
+as having been killed in Cuba.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_349" id="Page_349">[349]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>ARCTIC EXPLORATION.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Arctic exploration may be said to have begun in the sixteenth century,
+and since that time daring sailors of all nations have gone into the icy
+regions, many of them never to return.</p>
+
+<p>At that time the search for "The Indies" was so diligently pushed that
+mariners tried every way of getting to the West. Failing to find any
+short route to the South, their attention was turned to the idea of
+passing around north of the new continent which we now call America, and
+this desired route was spoken of as the Northwest Passage. Expeditions
+have passed westward a long way in open water north of the continent,
+and, coming through to the Pacific, have reached the far East, but there
+still remains a largely unexplored and almost impassable icy barrier.</p>
+
+<p>As an instance of the aim of the early expeditions, the following
+quotation from the old records may be interesting. It describes the
+object of an expedition which left England in 1553 as being "For the
+search and discovery of the Northern parts of the world, to open a way
+and passage to our men for travel to new and unknown kingdoms."</p>
+
+<p>All the nations that had shipping interests were active in this search,
+the English especially. The Dutch sought the short cut for their
+merchantmen because the voyage around the Cape of Good Hope was very
+dangerous, being controlled by Spanish and Portuguese, who
+unhesitatingly preyed upon the merchant vessels that tried to pass that
+way. The result of the Dutch expeditions into the North was the
+dis<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_350" id="Page_350">[350]</a></span>covery of the possibilities of the whaling industry, which they may
+be said to have originated, and which was a source of great profit to
+them for a very long period. They established a number of settlements,
+and explored much that had been unknown before.</p>
+
+<p>Among the English expeditions, those of most importance to us in America
+were Henry Hudson's. He made his first voyage in 1607, representing the
+Muscovy Company of England. He explored the coast of Greenland on this
+voyage, and again in 1608; while on his third voyage he explored the
+coasts of North America and discovered the Hudson River. At this time he
+was in the employ of the Dutch East India Company. Again, in 1610, his
+efforts were crowned with success, and he discovered what is known as
+Hudson Bay.</p>
+
+<p>From that time voyage after voyage was made, largely by Englishmen, and
+the knowledge of geography grew every year, each captain bringing back
+some new items of information.</p>
+
+<p>Meanwhile the Russians, who had acquired Siberia, sought a Northeast
+Passage and explored the northern coast of their vast new territory,
+which reaches into the Polar regions. Although many efforts were made to
+pass through to China in this way, it was not accomplished until 1879,
+when a Russian explorer reached Bering Strait and the Pacific from the
+West.</p>
+
+<p>Search for "the Indies" was carried on with wonderful perseverance and
+nerve. It is very difficult for us in these days to imagine the
+obstacles that these old sailors had to overcome, or the dangers their
+tiny craft encountered. Their little boats would now be considered
+absolutely impracticable for long and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_351" id="Page_351">[351]</a></span> arduous trips; and that they
+should have explored all they did, shows how sturdiness and courage have
+caused the growth of the world's known territory.</p>
+
+<p>As time went on, the idea of securing the passage to the fabled lands of
+the riches gave place to search in the Arctic regions for the scientific
+knowledge that could be obtained from such expeditious. "The Indies" and
+their fabulous riches had become known countries which were readily
+reached through other routes, and the saving in time by going to them by
+way of the North had been found to be more than offset by the rigor and
+perils of an Arctic voyage, even if it could by any possibility be made.</p>
+
+<p>In 1818 Sir John Barrow, who did much for scientific Arctic exploration,
+secured the passage of a law in England offering $100,000 to any one who
+would find the Northwest Passage, and $25,000 to any one who should
+reach the 89th parallel of latitude. This stimulated the search. The
+expeditions of Ross, Parry, and Franklin made trips which, although not
+successful to the degree of winning the reward, added much to the
+knowledge of the Arctic regions.</p>
+
+<p>The Hudson Bay Company, incorporated in 1670, had all this time been
+actively at work investigating the new territory in the northern part of
+the American continent, and all this district became fairly well mapped
+out.</p>
+
+<p>Modern ingenuity has not succeeded in accomplishing very much more than
+was done by the ill-equipped mariners of centuries ago. American
+expeditions and English expeditions have gone farther into the North,
+but they have cost more lives. They have been more venturesome and have
+obtained considerable scientific<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_352" id="Page_352">[352]</a></span> data, but their gain is not in
+proportion to the advance in their facilities, and it seems to be
+established that the contest against the great icy fields of the Polar
+regions is one that will be waged a long time before man is the
+conqueror.</p>
+
+<p>The expeditions of our own naval engineer, Peary, are well known to us;
+and the trip of Greely was an interesting one. This last was undertaken
+by the United States after agreement among the various nations of the
+world as to the wisdom of pushing a series of stations in the Arctic
+regions for observation. A number of these stations were established,
+and Greely had charge of the American one.</p>
+
+<p>Of recent expeditions, that of Nansen has attracted most attention
+because he succeeded in reaching farther North than any one before him
+had ever been and returned to tell the tale. The case of Andr&eacute;e, who
+sailed away last July in his great balloon, expecting to pass over the
+North Pole, is interesting for its novelty of plan. He was equipped with
+provisions to last him at least two years, and accompanied by only two
+comrades on his long voyage.</p>
+
+<p>The question is often raised whether Arctic exploration pays. Probably
+by itself, that is, if it would have no bearing upon anything else, it
+would not pay for the lives that are lost by it and the money that is
+spent upon it. But when we consider that every scientific fact is an
+addition to our knowledge, and may influence for great good some other
+line of work which would seem to be in no way connected with it, it is
+undoubtedly true that the explorations should continue on scientific
+lines until no part of the globe which can be reached is unknown to
+man.</p>
+
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Gordy's History">
+<tr><td align='left'><h2>Gordy's History of the United States.</h2></td><td align='center'><b>Crown 8vo, 480 pages,</b><br />
+<b>$1.00 net.</b></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p><i>Among the many features which contribute to the general excellence of
+the book a few may be briefly mentioned as follows:</i></p>
+
+<p><b>More and better Illustrations and Maps than have ever appeared in any
+text-book on the subject.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Carefully selected lists of books for supplementary reading.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Suggestive questions for pupils to discuss.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Introductory chapter of hints to teachers, illuminating the author's
+method of treatment.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Notes throughout the text explanatory of general statements.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Special stress laid upon the industrial and social development, with a
+lucid presentation of the powerful influence exerted by routes and modes
+of travel, soil, and climate.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Prominence given to the characteristics of our great national leaders.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Emphasis of the importance of the West and South in our national
+development.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Pupils are led throughout to form high ideals of social duty.</b></p>
+
+
+<div class='blockquot'>
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Excerpts">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>TO THE TEACHER.</b> (<i>Extract.</i>)<br />
+<p><i>The Recitation.</i>&mdash;The purposes of the recitation should include more
+than a test of memory; they should include a <i>comparison</i> and
+<i>discussion</i> of facts acquired in the preparation of the lesson. At the
+beginning of the recitation a topic should be named and the pupil
+required to recite upon it without question or comment from the teacher.
+Such a method, <i>if persisted</i> in, will inevitably develop fluency and
+readiness of expression. The best work lies in helping the pupil to get
+definite ideas and then to give these ideas clear expression in well
+connected sentences.</p></td><td align='left'><b>TO THE PUPIL.</b> (<i>Specimen</i>.)<br />
+<p>1. What complaints did we make against England about searching American
+vessels and impressing American seamen? What complaints did England
+enter against us?</p>
+
+<p>2. How did England and France injure American commerce? What was
+Jefferson's purpose in securing the passage of the Embargo Act? What was
+the Embargo? How did it affect American commerce?</p>
+
+<p>3. Learn well the story of the Star Spangled Banner's origin and then
+memorize the poem. Read again and again Drake's American Flag and
+Holmes's Old Ironsides.</p></td></tr>
+</table></div></div>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Excerpts">
+<tr><td align='left'><h4>CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS,</h4></td><td align='left'><b>153-155 Fifth Avenue, New York.</b><br />
+<b>Western Office: 334 Dearborn St., Chicago.</b></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+
+<h2>Scott Stamp &amp; Coin Co., Ld.</h2>
+
+<h3>18 EAST 23d STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y.</h3>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 45px;">
+<img src="images/stamp_divider.png" width="45" height="10" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<div class='center'>A FEW BARGAINS IN SETS FOR THE READERS OF THE<br />
+"GREAT ROUND WORLD"</div>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Stamps">
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>CENTS</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Argentine Republic, 1892, 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 12c</td><td align='right'>8</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Cuba, 1875, 12-1/2, 25, 50c., 1 peso, unused</td><td align='right'>20</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;"&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1896, 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 mils., unused</td><td align='right'>6</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;"&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1898, 1, 2, 3, 5 mils., unused</td><td align='right'>4</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Jamaica, 8 varieties, including official stamps</td><td align='right'>8</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Japan, 13 varieties</td><td align='right'>8</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<div class='center'>
+The six sets for 50 cents, postfree.<br />
+</div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class='center'><b><i>Our regular list of sets contains hundreds of other bargains, and<br />our
+packets are the best in the world for the money</i></b></div>
+
+<div class='center'><b><big>F</big>ull lists of sets and packets and many other items in our 80-page<br />
+price-list, which will be sent free on application:: :: :: :: ::</b></div>
+
+<div class='center'><small>MENTION "GREAT ROUND WORLD" IN ANSWERING ADVERTISEMENT</small></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>Manhattan Oil Light<br />Magic Lantern</h2>
+
+<h3>PRICE $18.00</h3>
+<div class="figcenter"><a href="images/lantern.png"><img src="images/lantern-tb.png" alt="Magic Lantern" title="Magic Lantern" /></a></div>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Magic Lantern">
+<tr><td align='right'><img src="images/lantern_side.png" width="16" height="188" alt="Side border" title="Side border" />
+</td><td align='center'>Accommodates standard lantern slides and makes a good disc on the
+screen. We make other lanterns for use with any light, also<br />
+<h3>LANTERN SLIDES</h3>
+and Scientific Accessories of the highest grade<br />
+<br />
+<h3>J. B. COLT &amp; CO., Dept. 14</h3>
+Manufacturers of Apparatus for the Production and Projection of Light.<br />
+<i>PRINCIPAL OFFICES: 115-117 NASSAU ST., NEW YORK</i><br />
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Address">
+<tr><td align='left'>BRANCHES:<br />
+189 La Salle St., Chicago, Ill.<br />
+131 Post St., San Francisco, Cal.<br /></td><td align='left'><b>Send for</b><br />
+<b>Catalogues</b><br /></td><td align='left'>Acetylene House Lighting<br />Show Rooms, 125 W. 37th<br />St., Cor. B'way, New
+York</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<small><i>Please mention "The Great Round World."</i></small>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 394px;">
+<img src="images/lantern_bottom.png" width="394" height="19" alt="Bottom border" title="Bottom border" />
+</div></td><td align='left'><img src="images/lantern_side.png" width="16" height="188" alt="Side border" title="Side border" />
+</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h3>COMPLETE SCHOOL SERIES</h3>
+
+<h2><span class="u">Wall Maps and Charts</span></h2>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<b>Price, net, $5.00 until first hundred sets are sold.</b><br />
+<b>Thereafter price will be $7.50 net. .. .. .. .. .. ..</b><br />
+</div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>This is the most complete set ever offered at so low a price; it is
+printed in handsome colors, on heavy, coated lithograph, double-faced,
+cloth-lined material, especially prepared for this purpose.</p>
+
+<p>Among other unique features of great value are the following:</p>
+
+<p>In place of names, numbers are printed on these maps; this makes it
+possible to do an infinite variety of work.</p>
+
+<p>On the margin of the maps are indicated countries in similar latitude;
+this feature can be best appreciated when one considers the difficulty
+of making a child appreciate the comparative sizes of the different
+countries. For instance, as the maps on which North America, Asia,
+Australia appear are necessarily on different scales, the child cannot
+understand, indeed never does understand, that India, Australia, and the
+United States are of approximately the same size. In this series of
+maps, on North America for instance, the pupil sees at a glance that
+China and Chinese Tartary correspond almost exactly in latitude with the
+United States and Mexico. That the British Isles and Labrador
+correspond. That the southern part of Florida and Cuba are in the same
+latitude as the Desert of Sahara, and other points of the same kind are
+made clear to the student.</p>
+
+<p>The set consists of the following:</p>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="Maps">
+<tr><td align='left'>NORTH AMERICA</td><td align='left'>28&times;40 <span class="smcap">ins.</span></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>CANADA <span class="smcap">and</span> BRITISH NORTH AMERICA</td><td align='left'>28&times;40 <span class="smcap">ins.</span></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>SOUTH AMERICA</td><td align='left'>28&times;40 <span class="smcap">ins.</span></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>EUROPE</td><td align='left'>28&times;40 <span class="smcap">ins.</span></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>ASIA</td><td align='left'>28&times;40 <span class="smcap">ins.</span></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>AFRICA</td><td align='left'>28&times;40 <span class="smcap">ins.</span></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>AUSTRALIA</td><td align='left'>28&times;40 <span class="smcap">ins.</span></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>EASTERN HEMISPHERE</td><td align='left'>28&times;40 <span class="smcap">ins.</span></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>WESTERN HEMISPHERE</td><td align='left'>28&times;40 <span class="smcap">ins.</span></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p>In addition to these, a physical and astronomical chart&mdash;this for the
+purpose of teaching geography&mdash;is in itself worth the price of the set.
+It contains in picture the different geographical definitions: ocean,
+bay, river, town, city, mountain, volcano, cape, promontory, etc., etc.,
+etc.</p>
+
+<p>Animal life in different zones is shown in beautiful colored pictures;
+life in the ocean in different latitudes is also shown, and also plant
+life. The chart of the Solar System also appears on this same sheet.</p>
+
+<p>Schools desiring to examine the set can obtain them for examination by
+remitting the amount. If the maps are returned, the charge will be $1.00
+covering the expressage both ways; this $1.00, however, will not be lost
+to purchaser, but will be credited on other maps, charts, or globes that
+may be purchased.</p>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<b>WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON</b><br />
+<b>3 and 5 West 18th St.,&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; NEW YORK.</b><br />
+</div>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<div class='bbox2'>
+
+
+<div class='center'>FLOWERS.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; PLANTS.</div>
+
+<h3>FREE, For the Postage</h3>
+
+<h2>Vicks Illustrated Monthly Magazine</h2>
+
+<div class='center'>The Famous Gardening Authority</div>
+
+<p>Is a veritable mine of information about Flowers, Vegetables, and
+Fruits, and how to grow and care for them successfully, whether in a
+limited city lot or larger village garden. A farm home may be brightened
+at a slight expense, and the grounds made attractive instead of
+bare and forbidding. The price of <b>Vicks Illustrated Monthly Magazine</b>
+is Fifty Cents per year, but if you will</p>
+
+<div class="center"><b>RETURN THIS COUPON WITH SIX TWO-CENT STAMPS</b></div>
+
+<div class='unindent'>the magazine will be mailed to you regularly for six months, for trial.
+Here is a chance to get a first-class, bright monthly magazine for simply
+the postage. Write at once to</div>
+
+<div class="center">VICK PUBLISHING CO., Rochester, N. Y.<br />
+VEGETABLES.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;  FRUITS.</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Stearns Bicycle">
+<tr><td align='left'><h2>Stearns<br />Bicycles</h2></td><td align='left'><a href="images/stearns_bicycle_coins.jpg"><img src="images/stearns_bicycle_coins-tb.jpg" alt="Coin" title="Coin" /></a></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<div class='blockquot'><div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Stearns Coins">
+<tr><td align='left'><img src="images/stearns_left.png" width="35" height="305" alt="Side border" title="Side border" />
+</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Like Coins of<br />
+Ancient Greece</span><br />
+<br />
+are works of art and represent the highest
+possible value. The 23-inch frame "Yellow Fellow"
+and 21-inch drop frame are just the proper sizes
+for growing boys and girls. If you write E. C.
+Stearns &amp; Company, asking them to send you their
+new illustrated catalogue, and will enclose two
+2-cent stamps, they will send you an exact
+reproduction of the famous ten-drachm piece of
+Dionysius, the Tyrant of Syracuse. Dionysius went
+over to Syracuse with his four-horse chariot,
+called the quadriga, and, much to the surprise of
+the Greeks, won the coveted laurel wreath at the
+Olympian games. The Greeks refused Dionysius his
+trophy, however, and, in his rage, he caused to be
+struck off in commemoration of his victory the
+most magnificent coin the world has ever known.
+The coin was made by the greatest sculptor of
+Athens, Simon. The coin is about as large as the
+American silver dollar, and is carved in high
+relief, on one side showing Dionysius in the
+quadriga being crowned by winged Victory and on
+the reverse, Arethusa, the tutelary goddess of the
+sea, surrounded by her dolphins.
+
+<p>Send two 2-cent stamps for this beautiful
+ten-drachm piece, mentioning "The Great Round
+World." </p><br /><img src="images/stearns_bottom.png" width="400" height="41" alt="Bottom border" title="Bottom border" />
+</td><td align='left'><img src="images/stearns_right.png" width="35" height="305" alt="Side border" title="Side border" />
+</td></tr>
+</table></div></div>
+
+
+
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+
+<h3><span class="u">.CLUB RATES.</span></h3>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 20px;">
+<img src="images/club.png" width="20" height="20" alt="Leaf" title="Leaf" />
+</div>
+<h2>"The Great Round World"</h2>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/tb3.png" width="400" height="18" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Club Rates">
+<tr><td align='left'><i><big>Subscription<br />
+Price..<br />
+52 numbers..</big></i><br /><br /><br />
+<big><i>$1.50</i></big><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>per year</i></span><br /><br /><br />
+<big><i>Address</i></big><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><big><i>The Great</i></big><br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><big><i>Round World</i></big><br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><big><i>Publishing Co.</i></big></span>
+<br />
+<i>3 and 5 West<br />18th Street<br /></i>
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>New York City</i></span></td><td align='left'><div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="Magazine Prices">
+<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 50px;">
+<img src="images/magprice.png" width="50" height="16" alt="Flourish" title="Flourish" />
+</div></td><td align='center'><span class="smcap">price<br />separately</span></td><td align='center'><span class="smcap">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;with<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;"g. r. w."</span></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Atlantic</td><td align='right'>$4.00</td><td align='right'>$5.00</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Book Buyer</td><td align='right'>1.00</td><td align='right'>2.25</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Bookman</td><td align='right'>2.00</td><td align='right'>3.25</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Chap-Book</td><td align='right'>2.00</td><td align='right'>3.00</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Century Magazine</td><td align='right'>4.00</td><td align='right'>5.00</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Cosmopolitan</td><td align='right'>1.00</td><td align='right'>2.25</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Critic</td><td align='right'>3.00</td><td align='right'>4.25</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Current Literature</td><td align='right'>3.00</td><td align='right'>4.00</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Forum</td><td align='right'>3.00</td><td align='right'>4.00</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Harper's <ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'Bazar'">Bazaar</ins></td><td align='right'>4.00</td><td align='right'>4.75</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Harper's Monthly</td><td align='right'>4.00</td><td align='right'>4.75</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Harper's Weekly</td><td align='right'>4.00</td><td align='right'>4.75</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Illustrated American</td><td align='right'>4.00</td><td align='right'>4.75</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Independent</td><td align='right'>3.00</td><td align='right'>4.00</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Judge</td><td align='right'>5.00</td><td align='right'>6.00</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Leisure Hour</td><td align='right'>1.00</td><td align='right'>2.25</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Life</td><td align='right'>5.00</td><td align='right'>6.00</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Lippincott's</td><td align='right'>3.00</td><td align='right'>3.75</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Literary Digest</td><td align='right'>3.00</td><td align='right'>4.25</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>McClure's</td><td align='right'>1.00</td><td align='right'>2.25</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Munsey's</td><td align='right'>1.00</td><td align='right'>2.25</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>New England Magazine</td><td align='right'>3.00</td><td align='right'>4.00</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>North American Review</td><td align='right'>5.00</td><td align='right'>5.75</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Our Little Ones and Nursery</td><td align='right'>1.00</td><td align='right'>2.25</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Outing</td><td align='right'>3.00</td><td align='right'>3.75</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Outlook</td><td align='right'>3.00</td><td align='right'>4.25</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Puck</td><td align='right'>5.00</td><td align='right'>6.00</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Review of Reviews</td><td align='right'>2.50</td><td align='right'>3.50</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Saint Nicholas</td><td align='right'>3.00</td><td align='right'>4.00</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Scientific American</td><td align='right'>3.00</td><td align='right'>4.25</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Scribner's</td><td align='right'>3.00</td><td align='right'>4.00</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Short Stories</td><td align='right'>2.50</td><td align='right'>3.75</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Truth (New York)</td><td align='right'>2.50</td><td align='right'>3.50</td></tr>
+</table></div></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="center">
+<b><big>"The Great Round World"</big></b><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 12em;">will make club rates on any magazines</span></div>
+
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+<h2>The Great Round World</h2>
+
+<h3><span class="u">A Weekly Newspaper For Boys<br />
+and Girls&mdash;and Others. . . .</span>
+</h3>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 50px;">
+<img src="images/testm.png" width="50" height="37" alt="Leaf" title="Leaf" />
+</div>
+
+<div><b><span class="u">THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.</span></b></div>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Albert Ross Parsons</span>, <i>President American College of Musicians</i>:
+"For the purpose of eliciting a free expression of opinion from my son
+Richard Percival Parsons, aged 10, I bought a copy of <span class="smcap">The Great
+Round World</span> for three or four weeks in succession, and simply left
+it lying where he would be likely to see it. In about four weeks he had
+interested himself so deeply in its contents that he voluntarily asked
+if he might subscribe for it, a wish which I was only too glad to gratify.
+The bound volume of the first fifteen numbers has remained his
+daily mental food and amusement ever since it arrived. I thank you
+for your great service both to our young people and to their elders."</p>
+
+
+<div><b><span class="u">THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.</span></b></div>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">E. A. Carleton</span>, <i>State Superintendent of Public Instruction</i>, Helena,
+Mont.: "I have been a constant and eager reader of <span class="smcap">The Great
+Round World</span> since my accession to this office, the first of this year.
+I regard it as unique, and of almost incomparable value, and I should
+be pleased to aid in its general use in all the schools of our State.
+You are authorized to use this letter and to quote me as strongly in
+favor of it."</p>
+
+
+<div><b><span class="u">THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.</span></b></div>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">William N. Sheats</span>, <i>State Superintendent of Public Instruction</i>,
+Tallahassee, Fla.: "I have received for several months past copies of
+<span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span>. I think it is an ideal paper for children."</p>
+
+
+<div><b><span class="u">THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.</span></b></div>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">T. W. Harris</span>, <i>Superintendent of Schools</i>, Keene, N. H.: "I find
+it excellent for the use we have made of it, and would heartily commend
+it to all schools as an aid in the study of current events."</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class='center'><b>FIVE CENTS A COPY.</b></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="center"><b>Address<br />
+<big>The Great Round World Publ. Co.,</big><br />
+3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City.</b></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+
+<div class='tnote'><h3>Transcriber's notes:</h3>
+
+<p>Obvious punctuation errors repaired.</p>
+<p>The remaining corrections made are indicated by dotted lines under the corrections.
+Scroll the mouse over the word and the original text will <ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'apprear'">appear</ins>.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is
+Going On In It, Vol. 2, No. 11, March 17, 1898, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND ***
+
+***** This file should be named 19081-h.htm or 19081-h.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
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+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
+*** END: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,2086 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On
+In It, Vol. 2, No. 11, March 17, 1898, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 2, No. 11, March 17, 1898
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop
+
+Release Date: August 19, 2006 [EBook #19081]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Emmy, Juliet Sutherland and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  _FIVE CENTS._
+
+  THE GREAT ROUND WORLD
+  AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT
+
+    Vol. 2--No. 11.              March 17, 1898.             No. 71.
+  [Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second class matter]
+
+  [Illustration: A
+  WEEKLY
+  NEWSPAPER
+  FOR
+  BOYS AND
+  GIRLS]
+
+  Subscription
+  $1.50 per year
+    .75 6 months
+
+
+      THE GREAT ROUND WORLD PUBL. CO.
+      NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY
+
+  =Copyright, 1898, by THE GREAT ROUND WORLD Publishing Company.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The Great Round World
+
+Published Every Thursday Throughout the Year
+
+=Single Numbers, 5c. Each=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SUBSCRIPTION RATES:
+
+          One year, - 52 numbers   $1.50
+          Six months, 26  "          .75
+          Foreign subscriptions     2.25
+
+Numbers are bound up into four parts each year. Charge for binding, 35
+cents a part.
+
+Remittances should be by registered letter, or by check, express-order,
+or postal-order, payable to THE GREAT ROUND WORLD PUBLISHING CO.
+
+No receipts are sent for remittances unless requested. The number on the
+address label represents the number of the paper with which subscription
+will expire.
+
+Ten days' notice should be given of any change of address.
+
+          ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION
+
+          =ADDRESS:=
+
+          Great Round World Publishing Co.
+          =3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+At any of the following stores copies and bound volumes of THE GREAT
+ROUND WORLD will be found on sale, and subscribers may exchange their
+numbers for bound volumes:
+
+          JOHN WANAMAKER, Philadelphia, Pa.
+          W. B. CLARKE & CO., Boston, Mass.
+          J. & R. SIMMS, 123 22d St., Chicago, Ill.
+          WOODWARD & LOTHROP, Washington, D. C.
+          PETER PAUL BOOK CO., Buffalo, N. Y.
+          BURROWS BROS. CO., Cleveland, Ohio.
+          PRESTON & ROUNDS CO., Providence, R. I.
+          H. H. CARTER & CO., Boston, Mass.
+          WHITAKER & RAY CO., San Francisco, Cal.
+          THE ROBERT CLARKE CO., Cincinnati, O.
+          THE MARTIN & HOYT CO., Atlanta, Ga.
+          ST. PAUL BOOK & STATIONERY CO., St. Paul, Minn.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+=American Flags=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_=Lowest Prices in the United States=_
+
+[Illustration: American Flag]
+
+Flags made of the best all-wool double-warped U. S. government standard
+bunting, 45 stars sewn in the field, both sides, with canvas headings,
+best lacquered brass grummets, and all double stitched.
+
+=NET PRICES=
+
+  2x3    feet  $0.75    5x8    feet  $2.80   7x14 feet      $6.00
+  2-1/2x4  "    1.00    6x6-1/2  "    3.00   8x12   "        5.60
+  3x5      "    1.45    5x10     "    3.40   8x15   "        6.70
+  3x6      "    1.75    6x9      "    3.50   8x16   "        7.15
+  4x6      "    2.00    6x10     "    3.85   9x15   "        7.75
+  4x7      "    2.25    6x12     "    4.50   9x18   "        8.75
+  4x8      "    2.50    7x12     "    5.25   10x15  "        8.25
+
+=Cotton bunting, printed muslin, and printed silk flags, flagpoles,
+etc., at proportionately cheap prices. Send for complete catalogue.=
+
+=Caps, Guns, Swords, Uniforms and all Equipments for "AMERICAN GUARD"=
+boys at favorable prices. Send for catalogue, mentioning "The Great
+Round World."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=J. A. JOEL & CO., 86 Nassau St., New York=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ANNOUNCEMENT ...
+
+          OUR NEW
+
+          Premium Catalogue
+
+          WILL BE READY
+
+          =MARCH 31st, 1898=
+
+          And will be issued with Number 73 of
+
+          The Great Round World
+
+All of our regular subscribers will receive copies on that date, but if
+those who have friends who might take advantage of the premiums offered,
+will forward us their names and addresses at once, we will send them
+copies of the premium list _postpaid free of charge_.
+
+This catalogue will contain 32 pages filled with premiums offered for
+new subscriptions, ranging all the way from paper-covered novels offered
+for one new subscriber each, to bicycles which can be had free for one
+hundred new subscriptions.
+
+Almost anything you want can be earned without cost to you by getting
+new subscribers. Send for one of our new catalogues, and if you don't
+find what you want, ask for it.
+
+
+
+
+King's.Historical.Chart
+
+OF UNITED STATES.
+
+=Cloth covers with metal supports (size 36x40). Price $15 net. Sent upon
+receipt of $3.00 (see offer below).=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+This chart is arranged in three plates and is so planned that the
+history of any State may be traced from date of discovery to the present
+time. Or the important items of history in any period may be quickly
+ascertained.
+
+For example, the question is asked, "Name the divisions of this country
+in the year 1600 in order of size?" Turning to the circle for this
+period the answer is easily ascertained, and is "Province of Louisiana,
+New Spain, Virginia, Florida."
+
+"What State was named first; give its history?" Answer, "Florida,
+discovered in 1512 by De Leon; ceded to England by Spain in 1763; ceded
+back to Spain 1783; ceded to United States 1819."
+
+To obtain an answer to such questions from any history would necessitate
+a waste of much time. This chart is in itself an
+
+=Encyclopedia of U. S. History=
+
+and will prove invaluable to a school. It furnishes material for study,
+for composition, for examinations and reviews, for topical work, and an
+unlimited amount of other work.
+
+PLATE I.--Contains Discoveries, Settlements, People, Cessions of
+Territory, Wars.
+
+PLATE II.--States East of Mississippi, Governments, Governors,
+Presidents, Wars, Battles, Massacres, Rebellions, Population, Capitols,
+Indian Wars, Religious Denominations, Universities, Colleges, Births and
+Deaths of Statesmen, Soldiers, Poets, Historians, Philosophers,
+Theologians, and Events.
+
+PLATE III.--Contains the same information in regard to States west of
+the Mississippi; also an outline showing the political changes, the
+origin, growth, and changes in the great political parties.
+
+It is not always possible for a school to invest this amount of money at
+one time; the chart will therefore be sold on terms that will place it
+within the reach of every one. Fill out the blank below, enclose $3.00,
+and chart will be forwarded at once to your address.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+          =To William Beverley Harison:=    3 & 5 West 18th Street,
+                                           NEW YORK.
+
+_Send to address below King's Historical Chart. Enclosed find
+.................... for $3.00. I agree to pay balance, $1.00 per month
+for twelve months, or until full price ($15.00) is paid._
+
+
+          _Name_.......................................
+    _Date_.................    _Address_............................
+
+
+
+
+          =NOW READY=        =Special Price to Teachers=
+
+Rational Home Gymnastics
+
+By
+
+HARTVIG NISSEN
+
+Acting director of Physical Training, Boston Public Schools; author of
+_A B C of Swedish Educational Gymnastics, etc., etc._
+
+=CONTENTS=
+
+  =Chapter 1. The "Why" and "How."=
+  =Chapter 2. Description of Movements and their Effects.=
+  =Chapter 3. Health Points on Walking and Bicycling.=
+  =Chapter 4. The Use of Water and Massage.=
+  =Chapter 5. Prescription of Exercise for the "Well" and the "Sick."=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+With More Than Forty Full-page Illustrations and a Very Complete Index
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+No one is better qualified to prepare a work of this nature than
+Professor Nissen, and he has condensed the knowledge gained during his
+twenty years' experience as a teacher of physical culture and medical
+gymnastics into a concise, convenient, and comprehensive manual of
+_rational_ home gymnastics. The unusually complete series of
+illustrations, all of which are reproduced from photographs, make the
+book of exceptional value. For the teacher of gymnastics and physical
+culture, the athlete, and the man or woman, boy or girl, who is
+sufficiently wise to see the benefits of sensible and reasonable
+exercise, no better guide and hand-book has been published.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+="SCHOOL" might with equal truth and propriety be substituted for "HOME"
+in the title.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed in a beautiful clear type on heavy coated paper, stoutly and
+artistically bound in cloth. Price $1.00 postpaid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Correspondence with regard to the examination and introduction of
+Nissen's "Rational Home Gymnastics" is cordially invited. Specimen pages
+free on application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+          =Richard G. Badger & Co.,=  _157 Fremont Street_
+                                         _Boston_
+
+In writing mention THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.
+
+
+
+
+          =Something New
+          for the .. ..
+          CHILDREN=
+
+[Illustration: Patent applied for.]
+
+"DOLL'S FURNITURE PATTERNS"
+
+          A Supplementary Work
+          to the
+          Industrial Side
+          of the .. ..
+          =KINDERGARTEN=
+
+Printed on Muslin, in beautiful designs marked where to cut out, and sew
+together. Use pasteboard for the backs, and cotton for the filling. A
+pleasant and beneficial employment for the LITTLE ONES AT HOME.......
+
+For the practibility of the many ideas, viz.: Design, Cutting out,
+Drawing, Sewing, Form, and Color. The result is an indestructible and
+BEAUTIFUL TOY. For sale at Dry-Goods Stores, or sent on receipt
+of..............
+
+12 Cents in Stamps.
+
+=Palmer Manufacturing Co., 43 and 45 Leonard St., New York=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Everett Piano.
+
+          =Highest Grade
+          Uprights, Baby and Concert
+          Grands....=
+
+          WE
+          INVITE
+          INSPECTION
+
+          =Pianos....=
+          RENTED AND SOLD
+          ON EASY
+          MONTHLY PAYMENTS
+
+          =WAREROOMS=
+
+          =141-143 Fifth Ave., near 21st St.,=
+          =NEW YORK=
+
+          =... Also BOSTON, CHICAGO, CINCINNATI, and ATLANTA ...=
+
+
+
+
+The Great Round World
+
+And What Is Going On In It
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Vol. II., No. 11.   MARCH 17, 1898   Whole No. 70
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+[Sidenote: =With the Editor=]
+
+Spain and the Cuban situation continue to form the great centres of
+interest in this week's news. With the continuation of active
+preparations on the part of the United States and Spain, the crisis
+seems to be rapidly approaching. It is to be hoped that each will
+succeed in making itself so strong that war may be averted because of
+its probable magnitude. The presence of two strong fleets, opposed to
+each other, on the high seas could not but prove a menace to the
+interests of other nations; the prospect of this may of itself lead to a
+peaceful conclusion through the intervention of some one of the great
+powers. War seems a glorious thing to those who have not known its
+horrors; to experience it is quite another thing. In any event it would
+mean to many loss of fathers or brothers, destruction of property,
+paralysis of business--and all for what? That some point might be
+attained, some pride gratified, some enemy humbled--results as easily
+accomplished by arbitration the great blessing of the century. We may
+not ourselves be able to do anything to avert war. Each of us, however,
+can do his share toward creating a sentiment in favor of peace, and
+thus overcome the effect of the mischief-makers who, crying war at the
+top of their lungs now, will be the first to shirk duty if we have to
+fight.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We take pleasure in announcing that the publication of "The Great Round
+World, and the People Who Lived on It," by Mme. Z. A. Ragozin, the first
+numbers of which appeared in THE GREAT ROUND WORLD some months ago, will
+be continued shortly. Serious illness of the author has until this time
+interfered with its continuation.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Our new premium catalogue which was announced several weeks ago will be
+mailed with No. 73 of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, for March 31st. Every
+subscriber will get a copy. Others can have it on application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=Answers to Correspondents=
+
+We have received the following very interesting letter from the City of
+Mexico:
+
+          DEAR EDITOR:
+
+          I read in one of last July's numbers of THE GREAT
+          ROUND WORLD a request for further information
+          about the Empress Carlotta or the Emperor
+          Maximilian.
+
+          We have a little summer home in the same town of
+          Cuernavaca where they had their residence.
+
+          I don't wonder that they chose it for a summer
+          home, it is such a beautiful spot and the climate
+          perfection. It is fifty miles in air-line from the
+          City of Mexico.
+
+          Their residence in Cuernavaca was an old place
+          called "Jardin de la Borda." The house is of no
+          importance, but the garden is one of the beautiful
+          sights of Mexico; though now in a state of ruin,
+          it is all fountains, terraces, lakes, flowers, and
+          trees.
+
+          The Emperor also had his shooting-lodge about
+          three miles out, with a small house on the
+          grounds. Madame D---- (who was maid of honor to
+          the Empress) told my mother that it was used
+          simply as a resting-place for the huntsmen and a
+          place of picnicking by the court. It is called
+          "Casa del Campo." It is also in a ruinous state,
+          is rented for $100 per year silver, and is used as
+          a kind of beer-garden.
+
+          About ten miles from the town of Cuernavaca there
+          is the magnificent hacienda of Atlascomulco,
+          originally owned by Hernan Cortez. The greater
+          portion of the building stands as Cortez left it,
+          the walls being in many places five feet thick.
+
+          In the orchard attached is a small one-story house
+          where Maximilian spent many hours of his stay at
+          Cuernavaca; and there in a small room he signed
+          the famous "Banda Negra" (Black Decree) which
+          caused him to be so hated and which hastened his
+          fall.
+
+          There are still to be seen the table, chair, and
+          pen said to have been used by Maximilian when he
+          signed the Black Decree.         JOHN R. D., JR.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=New Books=
+
+From Germany we have received a most interesting little publication for
+our girls, and also a most valuable chart which will interest their
+elders.
+
+"Fuer fleissige Kinderhaende. Anleitung und Muster fuer Bekleidung einer
+Puppe. Von Julie Lutz, Lehrerin der Frauenarbeitsschule, Heilbronn," is
+the title of the former. We hope to see an English edition of this some
+time soon, for many of our readers may not find German so easy to
+understand. However, even though this has the directions in German, it
+will be very much appreciated by all.
+
+It consists of a good strong portfolio, or case, containing a number of
+patterns for doll clothes, printed on heavy strong paper, so that they
+may be cut out and used over and over again. Each pattern is in a strong
+envelope, so that it may be kept separate, and on each envelope is a
+picture of the garment, to aid in putting it together. With the pattern
+is a pamphlet giving (in German) full and careful directions.
+
+The chart is the 1897 edition of Dr. Berghaus' celebrated "Chart of the
+World," published by Justus Perthes, Gotha. Size is about 40x62 inches,
+mounted on linen, and folded in a case; or as a wall-map with rollers.
+
+In Europe, this chart is to be found in almost every railroad or
+steamship office, as well as in schools, business offices, and private
+houses, where it is used for general reference. Besides being the latest
+and most complete map of the world, with the very latest information as
+to boundaries, it contains ocean currents, direction of trade-winds,
+steamship and sailing vessel routes, coaling-stations, and railroads
+(even the new trans-Siberian railroad, about which we wrote in a recent
+number) of all countries; and much other valuable information.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=Current History=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _Maine_ affair is still the most important item of current history.
+
+The Board of Inquiry has returned to Havana and is still carrying on its
+investigation, and until this body makes an official report to the
+United States Government, we should, as Captain Sigsbee telegraphed the
+night of the explosion, suspend judgment.
+
+There has been no way of ascertaining the results of the Board's
+inquiries. The testimony of eye-witnesses of the disaster, sailors and
+divers, was heard on board the _Mangrove_, anchored near the wreck. A
+number of photographs of the _Maine_ have been taken under water, by a
+man employed by the Board. These photographs are deemed very important,
+as the Board can get a much clearer idea of the position of the debris
+than they could from the descriptions of the divers. The belief is
+widely entertained that the Board will report that the disaster was
+caused by an explosion from the outside. How the two countries will act
+after such a report is delivered, can only be surmised. Of course, Spain
+will make her own thorough investigation; the divers have already been
+permitted to examine the wreck to a certain extent. It is very hard to
+believe that the Spanish Government had anything to do with the
+explosion. Individuals, acting for themselves and not in touch with the
+Government, probably "assassinated" the boat--if she was "assassinated."
+In that case, the United States can with justice claim an indemnity.
+
+If, however, it can be proved that Spanish officers knew that there was
+a mine under the _Maine_, and did not take the trouble to tell Captain
+Sigsbee, the United States would undoubtedly consider it a _casus belli_
+(that is, a cause of war), unless Spain promptly agrees to make good the
+loss.
+
+As we told you last week, it is said that no dead fish were found in
+Havana harbor after the explosion. Another significant report is, that
+there was no large wave directly after the explosion took place. If
+these reports are true, they would almost preclude the possibility of
+its having been an outside explosion.
+
+It was reported that Weyler, while Captain-General of Cuba, had caused
+Havana harbor to be filled with mines and torpedoes, and that he alone
+had the plans.
+
+In a letter to a New York paper, however, General Weyler absolutely
+denies this, and he writes that he has had nothing to do with the mines
+and torpedoes in Havana harbor.
+
+One sensational report printed in a New York paper was that, shortly
+before the explosion took place, the guard on the _Maine_ noticed a very
+distinct ripple on the water, as if a small boat was being propelled
+close to the vessel.
+
+Many similar reports have reached the United States, and it is hard to
+know what to believe. One of the New York papers has been telling so
+many lies that the Government was compelled to stop this particular
+journal from sending any messages at all over the cable from Havana to
+Key West. This paper then sent its news to Europe, and from there cabled
+to New York. Over this circuitous route came most marvellous tales, and
+it is needless to say that most of them were lies pure and simple. The
+editor of one enterprising journal is reported to have wagered $50,000
+that he will cause war between the United States and Spain.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The wounded sailors from the _Maine_ have all been transferred from
+Havana to Dry Tortugas. Dry Tortugas is an island east of Key West.
+These sailors say that the Spaniards treated them with the utmost
+kindness.
+
+The first body from the _Maine_ was brought to Key West last Thursday.
+All flags in the city were at half-mast, and although the body was that
+of an unidentified seaman, it was given the burial of a naval hero.
+Captain McCalla, of the _Marblehead_, with Fleet Chaplain Lee Boyce and
+a guard of honor of forty sailors, received the body, and it was borne
+in state through the quiet streets of the city to the graveyard on the
+outskirts. The sailors were drawn up facing the grave; the chaplain read
+the service, and the body was lowered to its resting-place. The simple
+ceremony was then ended by the ship's bugler sounding the recall, and
+the guard at "shoulder arms" marched back to the pier.
+
+It is reported that the uninjured survivors of the _Maine_ feel very
+much distressed over orders they are said to have received from the Navy
+Department. All but five of the men are ordered to report for service
+on the ships of the fleet at Key West. Naturally, they are desirous to
+get to their friends in the North, and an effort will be made to induce
+the Navy Department to allow them to do so.
+
+It seems that, of the men killed on the _Maine_, a great number were
+natives of foreign countries. The governments of these countries have
+demanded an explanation of the disaster, and in case it is found that
+the explosion was due to faults of construction or carelessness, an
+indemnity will undoubtedly be demanded; or, if Spain is responsible for
+the disaster, she will be called upon to pay this indemnity.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+March 7th it was reported that Senor Gullon, Spanish Minister of Foreign
+Affairs, had intimated to Minister Woodford that the Spanish Government
+desired the recall of Consul-General Lee from Havana.
+
+This news created great excitement. Our Government promptly cabled to
+Minister Woodford, refusing to recall General Lee, and Spain officially
+retracted the request, and the incident was practically closed.
+
+A minister exercises his functions only by permission of the country to
+which he is sent. If at any time that country has reason to object to
+his presence, it can demand his recall, or, by withdrawing his
+_exequatur_, make him at once a private American citizen, and nothing
+more.
+
+An _exequatur_ is the written official recognition of a consul or
+minister, which is issued by the government to which he is accredited,
+authorizing him to exercise his powers in the place to which he is
+sent. We have already explained, in connection with the De Lome
+incident, how a country may dismiss a diplomatic representative.
+
+If Spain had demanded Lee's recall, or dismissed him for any reason
+which she considered sufficient, there would have been no just ground
+for offence. It would not even have been necessary for her to explain
+her reasons.
+
+Spain's action in intimating that she desired the recall was a courteous
+way of putting the matter. President McKinley, in refusing to consider
+it, took a wise course, for the recall of General Lee at this critical
+time might have added to the strained relations existing between the
+countries; besides, General Lee is so thoroughly acquainted with the
+situation in Cuba that it is to the best interest of this country to
+retain him.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Reports from Cuba as to the insurgents' cause have this week been
+perceptibly fewer. It is known that a number of filibustering
+expeditions have landed, and the Cubans feel very much elated. They say
+that the _Maine_ disaster has helped them in this country, for it has
+increased the feeling against Spain.
+
+The condition of the reconcentrados is terrible. You will remember that
+General Weyler issued a decree that the farmers with their families, and
+the people who lived out in the country, should leave their homes and
+come into the towns. This was done because it was believed that these
+people were supplying the insurgents with food and aiding them in other
+ways. Of course, when these poor people were herded together in and
+around the cities and towns, a great many of them had no possible way of
+making a living. Starvation has resulted, and thousands of these
+reconcentrados, as they are called, are dying. It is estimated that
+there are very nearly 300,000 of them, and what food and clothing they
+need must be given to them. The Spaniards, as can be imagined, have not
+been very charitably disposed toward these poor people, and the United
+States has generously come to the rescue. Tons of food and clothing have
+already been sent to the island, and almost every day we read of some
+vessel starting for Cuba with supplies for these unfortunate people.
+
+The United States Government has deemed the matter important enough to
+despatch two gunboats, the _Montgomery_ and _Nashville_, with provisions
+to Matanzas and Sagua la Grande, Cuba.
+
+The supplies have been sent to Key West, to be forwarded from there in
+the vessels selected.
+
+Spain, through her representative at Washington, Senor du Bosc, objected
+to the use of war-vessels for this purpose, and it was at first decided
+to send the supplies in the despatch-boat _Fern_, in many respects
+better fitted for such a purpose. Finally, however, orders were sent to
+Key West to carry out the original plan.
+
+That Spain objects to the visits of our war-ships to these Cuban ports
+may lead to further complications, for with equal reason she can exclude
+our ships from Havana harbor, and this would prevent us from protecting
+our own citizens who are in Havana.
+
+The fact that relief expeditions are sent by us is in itself an
+acknowledgment on our part that we either do not consider Spain able to
+care for these poor people, or that we think that she wilfully refuses
+to do so. Spain could settle the question at once by properly providing
+for them. This, however, she has not attempted to do.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+March 7th a bill was introduced by Chairman Cannon, of the
+Appropriations Committee, entitled, "Making Appropriations for the
+National Defence."
+
+It was as follows: "That there is hereby appropriated out of any money
+in the treasury, not otherwise appropriated for the national defence,
+and for each and every purpose connected therewith, to be expended at
+the discretion of the President, and to remain available until June 30,
+1899, fifty million dollars."
+
+This bill, it was reported, was the outcome of a conference held at the
+White House. The situation was considered so serious that it was
+necessary that an immense appropriation should be made for national
+defence.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Talk of the United States buying Cuba has revived during the last week.
+The Spaniards seem to think better of this than they did some months
+ago, and it is reported that one paper in Madrid has come out in favor
+of selling the island to this country.
+
+It is a question whether it would be wise for this country to buy Cuba.
+It would involve the expenditure of $300,000,000 or $400,000,000; and,
+again, the people who live on the island might not be a desirable
+addition to the voting population of the United States. Spain has
+misunderstood this country in regard to the purpose of our proposed
+intervention in Cuba. She believes that we would intervene in order to
+obtain possession of the island. The truth is, that the only reason for
+our stopping the war would be for the sake of mercy, for the war that is
+going on in Cuba is uncivilized and horrible.
+
+About twenty-five hundred men have been sent to Cuba recently as
+reinforcements to the Spanish army, and Spain is putting forth the
+greatest efforts to stop the revolution before the rainy season sets in.
+Five torpedo-boats are to be towed from Madrid to Havana. It will be
+unfortunate for Spain if she has no better luck towing these boats than
+she had with her immense dry-dock, which we told you about several weeks
+ago.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _Vizcaya_, which left New York on February 25th, arrived in Havana
+safely. The _Almirante Oquendo_, a sister ship of the _Vizcaya_, has
+also reached Havana.
+
+The _Oquendo_ is a very powerful vessel, 340 feet long, 65 feet wide,
+and can steam 20 knots an hour. She is said to have cost $3,000,000. She
+left the Canary Islands on February 15th, the day the _Maine_ blew up.
+
+The men on board, of course, had not heard of the catastrophe, and when
+they saw the wreck they could not imagine what it meant. With these
+vessels and the _Alphonso XII._ in Havana harbor, it is said the war
+fever has attacked the city, and the Spaniards there are anxious to
+fight the United States.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Conflicting reports have reached us as to whether Spain has bought
+war-ships in England or not during the last week. It is, however,
+reported on good authority that Spain has negotiated a large loan in
+London; the amount is not known. Several vessels have been in course of
+construction for Brazil and Chile, and now that they are almost
+completed, it is said that the Spanish Government, by agreeing to pay
+immense sums, is attempting to secure them. It does not seem likely that
+Chile would give up a battle-ship just now, as the relations between
+that country and the Argentine Republic are very strained. There is no
+doubt, however, but that Spain is increasing the efficiency of her navy,
+which is beginning to assume very formidable proportions.
+
+The United States is also busy putting the older ships in good order,
+and rushing the work on those being constructed. The Government, it is
+reported, has the details of construction of many boats now building on
+the other side. One report was that the United States had an option on
+every ship being built in Europe, except, of course, vessels being built
+for Spain. This report, however, has not been confirmed. For the United
+States to have the option on a ship means that no other nation will be
+allowed to buy that ship unless the United States decides that she does
+not wish to have it herself.
+
+The Spaniards are disturbed at the news of an American squadron at
+Hongkong, on the coast of China. If you will look on your map, you will
+find that the Philippine Islands are not very far from Hongkong. These
+islands belong to Spain, and in the event of a war between the United
+States and Spain, great damage could be done by this fleet.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The monitor _Terror_ has arrived in New York harbor from Hampton Roads.
+This boat is 249 feet long, 56 feet wide, and can steam 12 knots an
+hour. The _Puritan_ and _Miantonomoh_ are two boats in the same class as
+the _Terror_, and for harbor defence they are unsurpassed. Very little
+surface is exposed to the fire of the enemy, as they are very low in the
+water; so low, that often, when in a sea-way, the waves wash over
+everything but the smoke-stacks and the turrets, so you can see how very
+difficult it is to do any damage to these formidable boats. They are all
+provided with rams. A ram is a very heavily reinforced projecting bow.
+Many war-vessels are built this way, so that they may run down and sink
+their antagonists in time of war. You will remember that the famous
+Confederate ram _Merrimac_ employed this mode of attack as a last
+resort, in her famous fight with the _Monitor_ during the Civil War. She
+was not successful, for she did not strike the _Monitor_ squarely. With
+their immense weight these monitors could pierce with their rams the
+armor of almost any ship and sink it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+On Wednesday, February 23d, M. Zola was found guilty of publishing a
+letter criticising the Government for its conduct in the Esterhazy
+court-martial and declaring the innocence of Albert Dreyfus. This letter
+was published in the Paris _Aurore_, whose editor is M. Perreux. M. Zola
+was sentenced to one year's imprisonment, and was also fined 3,000
+francs, or about $600. As we told you in our last number, M. Perreux was
+condemned to serve four months in prison and pay 4,000 francs. In
+summing up--that is, in making his final address to the court--M.
+Labori, counsel of M. Zola, made touching references to the unhappiness
+of the Dreyfus family, the courage of the wife of the prisoner, and the
+letter from the disgraced man in September, 1897, protesting his
+innocence. The remarks made a great sensation in the court-room, many
+people weeping.
+
+The jury was out but a very short time, and returned with the sentence
+as stated above, which is the maximum penalty for the crime for which
+Zola was arrested. Civilized nations feel very sorry for France, for she
+has lowered herself in the eyes of the world. It is almost universally
+believed that Zola proved his charges, and outside of France Dreyfus is
+believed to be innocent.
+
+It would seem that the French Government is bound to uphold the decision
+of the court-martial at any cost, so as not to be compelled to recall
+Dreyfus and have a new trial. It is deemed necessary to suppress the
+Dreyfus agitation.
+
+Four newspapers in Paris, including the _Aurore_, have been notified
+that unless they cease their attacks they will be prosecuted by the
+Government. Many correspondents have been warned to write in different
+vein about the case. Colonel Picquart, as we told you last week, has
+been obliged to leave the army, and the Government has dismissed M. Le
+Blois, Perreux's counsel, and one of Zola's witnesses, who was a deputy
+mayor in Paris.
+
+We think you would like to hear something about Devil's Island, the
+place where Albert Dreyfus is confined. This island is one of a group,
+twenty-seven miles northwest of Cayenne in French Guiana. Get your map
+of South America, and you will be able to put your finger on the spot.
+In 1852 the French Government established a penal colony on these
+islands. A penal colony is one formed of convicts sent out from the
+mother country. Many of these colonies have proved successful,
+particularly the ones where the prisoners are allowed to work and build
+up their own homes for themselves. Australia was settled in this way,
+and it has developed wonderfully.
+
+From reports, Dreyfus is having a very hard time on Devil's Island. He
+is not allowed to speak to any one, and lives in absolute solitude. It
+is said that his hair has turned grey, and his confinement in other ways
+is aging him rapidly. He is allowed to write, but his letters simply
+declare his innocence over and over again. It was rumored some time ago
+that Dreyfus had escaped, and since then the French Government has
+ordered the officials of the convict settlement to telegraph every day
+to Paris the fact that the prisoner is safely under guard.
+
+Political prisoners are usually allowed to have their wives with them,
+but, although Mme. Dreyfus has made strong efforts, France will not
+allow her to be with her husband.
+
+There is a man living in Rome who is said to have been imprisoned on
+Devil's Island for several years. His name is Gen. Paolo Tibaldi, who
+was sentenced to life imprisonment on the island for conspiring against
+Napoleon III. He says that when he was there the island was a bare rock
+without a tree or a blade of grass, and the heat of the sun was
+terrible. The provisions supplied daily by the Government were a pound
+and a half of the worst kind of bread, for each convict, a piece of old
+meat or salt fat, beans or rice, a little oil, and also a kind of
+spirits called tafla. The general claims that the treatment to which the
+captives were subjected was most severe. They were chained by the
+keepers, fed on bread and water for months, and beaten with ropes. Five
+thousand dollars was raised in France to rescue General Tibaldi, but
+that only made matters worse, and he suffered added torments. Finally,
+public opinion in France combined with the press in his behalf, and the
+General was freed.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The trouble in West Africa promises to become such an important item of
+current history that it might be well to look into it more deeply, and
+try and get a clear idea of the difficulty.
+
+France undoubtedly wishes to have dominion over the countries lying
+between her western and eastern possessions in Africa. On the west coast
+she owns the Senegal River and the town of St. Louis. The Central Soudan
+also belongs to France, and on the east coast, opposite Aden, the two
+towns of Obok and Tanjurrah fly the French flag. The problem has been to
+acquire the lands intervening, so as to make one unbroken line. You can
+see what an advantage this would be; for, with the Nile on one side and
+the Niger on the other, it would be comparatively easy to ship valuable
+products from the interior to the markets of the world.
+
+Since 1880, France has spent great sums of money in trying to bridge
+over the space lying between her possessions, and step by step her
+empire has pushed its way from the Senegal to the Niger.
+
+England had been confined to the coast. She owned Sierra Leone, the
+Gambia Settlements, the Colony of Lagos, and the Niger Protectorate. The
+Royal Niger Company owned the hinterland of Lagos, which means the
+country back of Lagos, and this is the only hinterland that England did
+own. France, owning the country back of the English Colonies,
+effectually checks their development.
+
+Until 1890 there was a dispute between England and France about their
+West African possessions. In 1890 there was a difficulty about territory
+on the Lower Niger, and this was settled for a little while by a treaty
+which marked out the British "spheres of influence" by a line drawn from
+Say on the Niger to Lake Chad. Say is directly west of Sokoto, and you
+can easily find Lake Chad on your map, for it is a very large lake. To
+the south, the British were supposed to control "all that properly
+belongs to the kingdom of Sokoto."
+
+If France has invaded this kingdom they have broken the treaty, and they
+are in the wrong.
+
+On the other bank of the Niger, England, through the Royal Niger
+Company, has made treaties with the native chiefs, and thus gained a
+good foothold.
+
+In 1893, France conquered and annexed Dahomey, which is on the coast;
+but England controlled the hinterland of Dahomey through the treaties
+her company had made with the chiefs. France chose to set aside these
+treaties, and said that, having been made with savages, they were not
+valid. During the last three years she has sent out expeditious from St.
+Louis and Dahomey, and gained a great deal of territory which England
+believes _she_ ought to control.
+
+So that is the way the matter is at present. France has the possession
+of countries for which England can show her treaties.
+
+For the benefit of commerce, it would be well that victory should lie
+with England, for she would open the country to the commerce of the
+world, while France alone would benefit should she control this rich
+land.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We told you two weeks ago of the change of Presidents in the Republic of
+Venezuela.
+
+The new President, Gen. Ignacio Andrade, starts his administration with
+the prospect of serious trouble in his country.
+
+The State Department at Washington was notified, shortly after General
+Andrade's election, that a revolution had broken out at Valencia. This
+is a town two hundred miles west of Caracas, and situated in the
+mountains, which, starting here, extend down the whole western coast of
+South America.
+
+The cause of the revolution is not known, but it is supposed to be on
+account of the succession of General Andrade.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Chinese puzzle still remains unsolved.
+
+Mr. Labouchere, the editor of London _Truth_, has some very good ideas
+to offer; he says: "What, in the name of goodness, have we got to
+quarrel about in China? Russia is striving to get an access to the
+Pacific which will not be ice-bound in winter. It is a reasonable
+desire, and will not hurt us. Russia is not our commercial rival, and is
+not likely to be. Germany has obtained a _pied-a-terre_ (foothold) in
+China. On the part of a great commercial power this, also, is not
+unreasonable. It may not suit us, but it is considerably less than we
+have got, and we have no right to object. Considering the position which
+we have so long occupied, and still occupy, in China, this snarling and
+blustering at the first appearance of a stranger on the scene is more
+offensive and contemptible than the conduct of the dog in the manger."
+
+Commenting on what Sir Michael Hicks-Beach said in reference to keeping
+treaty ports open in case of war, Labouchere says: "Having heard a cock
+crow on a neighboring dunghill, he thought it necessary that the
+majestic voice of Britain should be heard also."
+
+It was reported in our last number that England and Germany have agreed
+to combine and lend China the $80,000,000 which she is to pay to Japan.
+
+It is not known whether Japan will release her hold on Wei-Hai-Wei even
+if she gets this money.
+
+England, in consideration of this loan, would certainly expect favors
+from China as regards the Yangtse-kiang Valley, and Germany would
+undoubtedly expect to have no more trouble with China because of her
+seizure of Kiao-Chou. Many other concessions will undoubtedly be
+demanded, and we may be sure that Russia will have something to say.
+
+It is also reported that the Government at Pekin will try and settle its
+difficulties by allotting "spheres of influence" to the great powers.
+This was done in West Africa, where it is causing much trouble between
+France and England. The Chinese evidently do not realize how elastic
+these "spheres" are.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is to be wondered whether or not Emperor Kuang Hsu, of China,
+realizes the danger that threatens his kingdom. He is known as the Son
+of Heaven and Brother of the Sun. These titles would seem to indicate
+that he is a person of great character and capable of ruling the Empire.
+The truth is, he is a very weak young man, and the country is really
+ruled by the Empress Dowager. She is sixty-three years old, and for many
+years has controlled every action of the Emperor. She has supervised his
+education, selected his wives, and really held the Emperor squarely
+under her thumb.
+
+The Emperor is securely hidden away behind the thick walls of his
+palace, and his private quarters are known as the Purple Forbidden City.
+Very few people have set eyes upon the monarch; and among Europeans and
+Americans, only ambassadors are permitted to see him.
+
+He is said to have a very ugly temper, and to do foolish things when he
+cannot have his own way. This must happen very often, for the Empress
+Dowager sees that his way is made hers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Russia has followed Germany's example, and demanded from China a lease
+of Port Arthur and Talien-Wan, granting to her all sovereign rights over
+these ports for the same period and on the same conditions as in the
+case of Germany at Kiao-Chou Bay.
+
+At first, China was disposed to refuse this demand; but Russia
+threatened to move troops into Manchuria if the demand was not acceded
+to, and China, making a virtue of necessity, yielded.
+
+This lease gives to Russia what she has so long wanted--that is, a port
+on the Asiatic coast which is not frozen up in winter. She now has her
+"sphere of influence" located in a way most satisfactory to herself.
+
+If China leases many more ports to the great powers she may secure the
+materials for a "concert of powers" which will prove as useful to her as
+it has been to the Sultan of Turkey.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is reported that there are 10,000 men on the trail between Skaguay
+and Dyea in Alaska.
+
+The rush is now at its height, for now that the warmer weather is
+coming, the perils of the Klondike will be fewer for some months.
+
+Some very thrilling tales have reached us from the Pacific coast,
+although the newspapers are very reticent about publishing reports of
+accidents. It would seem that some agency is suppressing accounts of
+ill-starred ventures. Certainly, the papers hold out the golden
+possibilities of the trip, while the dangers and privations are kept
+well in the background.
+
+Thousands of men are setting out for the gold country to-day. Every
+small town and village of the United States has its quota of Argonauts,
+and they are pouring west to take ship for the Klondike. In Greek
+mythology there is a story about a man named Jason, who set out to find
+the Golden Fleece. The ship he sailed in was named the _Argo_. In 1849,
+when the people of the United States had the gold fever so badly, and
+the rush to California was very much like that to the Klondike to-day,
+the men who started from the East to go to the Pacific coast by ship
+were called Argonauts. Afterward it became a common term, and all people
+setting out for the gold-mines were designated by this title.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The reindeer which were bought in Scandinavia by the United States for
+use in Alaska, and shipped to New York, are to be sold. They were to
+have been used for relief expeditions, but it has been found out that
+supplies are more abundant in the Klondike than was first reported.
+
+There are five hundred and thirty-seven of these reindeer, and it is to
+be doubted whether they will sell for as much money as they have cost.
+To buy them in Lapland, Norway, and Sweden involved an expenditure of
+$50,000, and to bring them to this country was a very expensive
+undertaking.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There are more rumors of trouble in India. In and about Bombay there is
+a strong feeling of discontent among the natives because of the plague
+measures. You will remember what was written in July last in THE GREAT
+ROUND WORLD about the curious customs of the different races in India;
+how they refuse to depart from these customs for fear of losing caste,
+which they hold more dear than life itself.
+
+[Illustration: AN INDIAN SOLDIER.]
+
+The great Sepoy Mutiny was partly occasioned by the use of cartridges
+which were thought to have lard on them; from these cartridges the
+native soldiers had to remove the ends before putting them in the
+muskets, and they said that it was intended that they should bite off
+this larded end and thus lose caste.
+
+Many of these natives will not drink milk, others will not touch lard,
+and none of them must eat food prepared or handled by certain persons.
+
+In order to stop the spread of the plague, certain rules had to be made,
+and it is these rules which cause so many outbreaks among the natives.
+
+The population of India is enormous, and a general outbreak would
+necessarily be a very serious matter.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The re-election of Paul Krueger as President of the South African
+Republic, while fortunate for the citizens of that country, is thought
+to be detrimental to British interests in South Africa, for since the
+Jameson Raid, about which we told you in No. 20 of THE GREAT ROUND
+WORLD, Oom Paul has not held the English in high favor.
+
+President Krueger received three-quarters of the votes in the late
+election. His rivals were General Joubert, Vice-President of the
+Republic, and Schalk Burger, a member of the Executive Council. The
+President's term is five years.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A VERY important event in South Africa is the completion of the railway
+between Cape Town and Buluwayo. Look on your map and see what a great
+distance this is. It is just about as far as New York is from New
+Orleans. The road is to be continued to Lake Tanganyika (Buluwayo lies
+about mid-way between Cape Town and the southern extremity of this
+Lake). It is reported that this extension will cost $15,000,000. England
+controls this railway, and it will probably be the source of great
+revenue to her, for the natural treasures of this part of Africa are
+almost unlimited.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There is a very interesting article in _McClure's Magazine_ for March
+about Andree and his expedition. The finding of the carrier-pigeon is
+described. It seems that the captain of the sealer _Aiken_, which was
+cruising near Spitzbergen, saw this bird in the rigging of his boat. It
+was very tired, had its head under its wing, and was fast asleep. The
+captain shot the bird, and it fell into the sea. He did not think
+anything more of the matter until he happened to remember hearing about
+the pigeons Andree had taken with him. He turned his vessel, and steered
+back to try and find the bird. Fortunately he was successful, and
+attached to a tail-feather of the carrier-pigeon was found a small tube
+with this message in it:
+
+          "July 13th, 12:30 P.M.
+
+          "Latitude 82 deg. 2'; longitude 15 deg. 5' east. Good
+          progress eastward, 10 deg. south. All well on board.
+          This is the third pigeon despatch.
+
+                                                  "ANDREE."
+
+
+It has been proved that this dispatch really was from Andree, and it is
+the only word that has been received from him since he started on his
+perilous trip.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+England seems to be determined to keep her hold in Egypt, and, if
+possible, to strengthen it. Her troops there have been ordered to
+proceed to Khartoum and thence to Uganda, with the plan of sending them
+on to Fashoda in order to make it a British post.
+
+England realizes the immense importance to her commerce of keeping the
+White Nile Valley open and safe. It is reported that she is now
+conducting negotiations at Brussels and at Berlin to secure control of
+the territory connecting Uganda with South Africa, which she tried
+unsuccessfully to secure several years ago when Lord Rosebery was in
+power.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The news that the French liner _La Champagne_ was overdue last month in
+New York, caused considerable anxiety. This increased as several days
+passed without bringing any news of her.
+
+Then the steamer _Rotterdam_, which arrived in New York on February
+27th, brought an officer and six men belonging to _La Champagne_. They
+had been picked up in an open boat in which they had been tossed about
+on a rough sea for six days and nights, suffering great hardships.
+
+They announced that _La Champagne_ had broken her shaft and was
+anchored, safe but helpless, off the banks of Newfoundland. They had put
+out in the open boat in order to seek for assistance in the regular
+track of the steamers, from which _La Champagne_ had been driven.
+
+Assistance was sent to the disabled ship, and a few days later she was
+brought into the harbor of Halifax.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Cubans are keeping up an astonishingly vigorous campaign. The
+hardest fighting of late has taken place in the eastern part of the
+island.
+
+A severe battle was fought on February 18th and 19th, at Puerto
+Principe, in which the insurgents were worsted by Gen. Jiminez
+Castellanos, losing in all one hundred and eighty-one men, and being
+obliged to abandon more than eighty men who lay dead on the field. It is
+reported that included among those killed were Colonel Rodriguez,
+Commandant Angel Rocio, and other officers.
+
+The losses of the Spanish were much smaller, but it is said that
+Lieutenant Porajo was killed. The Spaniards captured a number of horses
+and considerable ammunition.
+
+In the province of Santiago de Cuba, General Pardo has been fighting
+with the insurgent forces under General Garcia and General Rabi. The
+engagements lasted through six days, resulting, it is said, in the loss
+of eighty men on the Spanish side. In this province the Cubans have
+succeeded in fortifying themselves very strongly.
+
+A cablegram from Madrid has stated that of late there has been a great
+increase in the number of Spanish troops mentioned in the official news
+as having been killed in Cuba.
+
+
+
+
+ARCTIC EXPLORATION.
+
+
+Arctic exploration may be said to have begun in the sixteenth century,
+and since that time daring sailors of all nations have gone into the icy
+regions, many of them never to return.
+
+At that time the search for "The Indies" was so diligently pushed that
+mariners tried every way of getting to the West. Failing to find any
+short route to the South, their attention was turned to the idea of
+passing around north of the new continent which we now call America, and
+this desired route was spoken of as the Northwest Passage. Expeditions
+have passed westward a long way in open water north of the continent,
+and, coming through to the Pacific, have reached the far East, but there
+still remains a largely unexplored and almost impassable icy barrier.
+
+As an instance of the aim of the early expeditions, the following
+quotation from the old records may be interesting. It describes the
+object of an expedition which left England in 1553 as being "For the
+search and discovery of the Northern parts of the world, to open a way
+and passage to our men for travel to new and unknown kingdoms."
+
+All the nations that had shipping interests were active in this search,
+the English especially. The Dutch sought the short cut for their
+merchantmen because the voyage around the Cape of Good Hope was very
+dangerous, being controlled by Spanish and Portuguese, who
+unhesitatingly preyed upon the merchant vessels that tried to pass that
+way. The result of the Dutch expeditions into the North was the
+discovery of the possibilities of the whaling industry, which they may
+be said to have originated, and which was a source of great profit to
+them for a very long period. They established a number of settlements,
+and explored much that had been unknown before.
+
+Among the English expeditions, those of most importance to us in America
+were Henry Hudson's. He made his first voyage in 1607, representing the
+Muscovy Company of England. He explored the coast of Greenland on this
+voyage, and again in 1608; while on his third voyage he explored the
+coasts of North America and discovered the Hudson River. At this time he
+was in the employ of the Dutch East India Company. Again, in 1610, his
+efforts were crowned with success, and he discovered what is known as
+Hudson Bay.
+
+From that time voyage after voyage was made, largely by Englishmen, and
+the knowledge of geography grew every year, each captain bringing back
+some new items of information.
+
+Meanwhile the Russians, who had acquired Siberia, sought a Northeast
+Passage and explored the northern coast of their vast new territory,
+which reaches into the Polar regions. Although many efforts were made to
+pass through to China in this way, it was not accomplished until 1879,
+when a Russian explorer reached Bering Strait and the Pacific from the
+West.
+
+Search for "the Indies" was carried on with wonderful perseverance and
+nerve. It is very difficult for us in these days to imagine the
+obstacles that these old sailors had to overcome, or the dangers their
+tiny craft encountered. Their little boats would now be considered
+absolutely impracticable for long and arduous trips; and that they
+should have explored all they did, shows how sturdiness and courage have
+caused the growth of the world's known territory.
+
+As time went on, the idea of securing the passage to the fabled lands of
+the riches gave place to search in the Arctic regions for the scientific
+knowledge that could be obtained from such expeditious. "The Indies" and
+their fabulous riches had become known countries which were readily
+reached through other routes, and the saving in time by going to them by
+way of the North had been found to be more than offset by the rigor and
+perils of an Arctic voyage, even if it could by any possibility be made.
+
+In 1818 Sir John Barrow, who did much for scientific Arctic exploration,
+secured the passage of a law in England offering $100,000 to any one who
+would find the Northwest Passage, and $25,000 to any one who should
+reach the 89th parallel of latitude. This stimulated the search. The
+expeditions of Ross, Parry, and Franklin made trips which, although not
+successful to the degree of winning the reward, added much to the
+knowledge of the Arctic regions.
+
+The Hudson Bay Company, incorporated in 1670, had all this time been
+actively at work investigating the new territory in the northern part of
+the American continent, and all this district became fairly well mapped
+out.
+
+Modern ingenuity has not succeeded in accomplishing very much more than
+was done by the ill-equipped mariners of centuries ago. American
+expeditions and English expeditions have gone farther into the North,
+but they have cost more lives. They have been more venturesome and have
+obtained considerable scientific data, but their gain is not in
+proportion to the advance in their facilities, and it seems to be
+established that the contest against the great icy fields of the Polar
+regions is one that will be waged a long time before man is the
+conqueror.
+
+The expeditions of our own naval engineer, Peary, are well known to us;
+and the trip of Greely was an interesting one. This last was undertaken
+by the United States after agreement among the various nations of the
+world as to the wisdom of pushing a series of stations in the Arctic
+regions for observation. A number of these stations were established,
+and Greely had charge of the American one.
+
+Of recent expeditions, that of Nansen has attracted most attention
+because he succeeded in reaching farther North than any one before him
+had ever been and returned to tell the tale. The case of Andree, who
+sailed away last July in his great balloon, expecting to pass over the
+North Pole, is interesting for its novelty of plan. He was equipped with
+provisions to last him at least two years, and accompanied by only two
+comrades on his long voyage.
+
+The question is often raised whether Arctic exploration pays. Probably
+by itself, that is, if it would have no bearing upon anything else, it
+would not pay for the lives that are lost by it and the money that is
+spent upon it. But when we consider that every scientific fact is an
+addition to our knowledge, and may influence for great good some other
+line of work which would seem to be in no way connected with it, it is
+undoubtedly true that the explorations should continue on scientific
+lines until no part of the globe which can be reached is unknown to
+man.
+
+
+
+
+  =Gordy's History of the United States.=    =Crown 8vo, 480 pages,=
+                                                   =$1.00 net.=
+
+_Among the many features which contribute to the general excellence of
+the book a few may be briefly mentioned as follows:_
+
+=More and better Illustrations and Maps than have ever appeared in any
+text-book on the subject.
+
+Carefully selected lists of books for supplementary reading.
+
+Suggestive questions for pupils to discuss.
+
+Introductory chapter of hints to teachers, illuminating the author's
+method of treatment.
+
+Notes throughout the text explanatory of general statements.
+
+Special stress laid upon the industrial and social development, with a
+lucid presentation of the powerful influence exerted by routes and modes
+of travel, soil, and climate.
+
+Prominence given to the characteristics of our great national leaders.
+
+Emphasis of the importance of the West and South in our national
+development.
+
+Pupils are led throughout to form high ideals of social duty.=
+
+=TO THE TEACHER.= (_Extract._)
+
+_The Recitation._--The purposes of the recitation should include more
+than a test of memory; they should include a _comparison_ and
+_discussion_ of facts acquired in the preparation of the lesson. At the
+beginning of the recitation a topic should be named and the pupil
+required to recite upon it without question or comment from the teacher.
+Such a method, _if persisted_ in, will inevitably develop fluency and
+readiness of expression. The best work lies in helping the pupil to get
+definite ideas and then to give these ideas clear expression in well
+connected sentences.
+
+=TO THE PUPIL.= (_Specimen_.)
+
+1. What complaints did we make against England about searching American
+vessels and impressing American seamen? What complaints did England
+enter against us?
+
+2. How did England and France injure American commerce? What was
+Jefferson's purpose in securing the passage of the Embargo Act? What was
+the Embargo? How did it affect American commerce?
+
+3. Learn well the story of the Star Spangled Banner's origin and then
+memorize the poem. Read again and again Drake's American Flag and
+Holmes's Old Ironsides.
+
+ =CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 153-155 Fifth Avenue, New York.
+                           Western Office: 334 Dearborn St., Chicago.=
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
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+
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+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=A FEW BARGAINS IN SETS FOR THE READERS OF THE "GREAT ROUND WORLD"=
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+      " 1896, 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 mils., unused              6
+      " 1898, 1, 2, 3, 5 mils., unused                      4
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+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=_Our regular list of sets contains hundreds of other bargains, and our
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+
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+  =Magic Lantern=
+
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+
+[Illustration: Magic Lantern]
+
+Accommodates standard lantern slides and makes a good disc on the
+screen. We make other lanterns for use with any light, also
+
+LANTERN SLIDES
+
+and Scientific Accessories of the highest grade
+
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+
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+
+Manufacturers of Apparatus for the Production and Projection of Light.
+
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+York
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+
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+
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+          =Thereafter price will be $7.50 net. .. .. .. .. .. ..=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+This is the most complete set ever offered at so low a price; it is
+printed in handsome colors, on heavy, coated lithograph, double-faced,
+cloth-lined material, especially prepared for this purpose.
+
+Among other unique features of great value are the following:
+
+In place of names, numbers are printed on these maps; this makes it
+possible to do an infinite variety of work.
+
+On the margin of the maps are indicated countries in similar latitude;
+this feature can be best appreciated when one considers the difficulty
+of making a child appreciate the comparative sizes of the different
+countries. For instance, as the maps on which North America, Asia,
+Australia appear are necessarily on different scales, the child cannot
+understand, indeed never does understand, that India, Australia, and the
+United States are of approximately the same size. In this series of
+maps, on North America for instance, the pupil sees at a glance that
+China and Chinese Tartary correspond almost exactly in latitude with the
+United States and Mexico. That the British Isles and Labrador
+correspond. That the southern part of Florida and Cuba are in the same
+latitude as the Desert of Sahara, and other points of the same kind are
+made clear to the student.
+
+The set consists of the following:
+
+  NORTH AMERICA                                    28x40 INS.
+  CANADA AND BRITISH NORTH AMERICA                 28x40 INS.
+  SOUTH AMERICA                                    28x40 INS.
+  EUROPE                                           28x40 INS.
+  ASIA                                             28x40 INS.
+  AFRICA                                           28x40 INS.
+  AUSTRALIA                                        28x40 INS.
+  EASTERN HEMISPHERE                               28x40 INS.
+  WESTERN HEMISPHERE                               28x40 INS.
+
+In addition to these, a physical and astronomical chart--this for the
+purpose of teaching geography--is in itself worth the price of the set.
+It contains in picture the different geographical definitions: ocean,
+bay, river, town, city, mountain, volcano, cape, promontory, etc., etc.,
+etc.
+
+Animal life in different zones is shown in beautiful colored pictures;
+life in the ocean in different latitudes is also shown, and also plant
+life. The chart of the Solar System also appears on this same sheet.
+
+Schools desiring to examine the set can obtain them for examination by
+remitting the amount. If the maps are returned, the charge will be $1.00
+covering the expressage both ways; this $1.00, however, will not be lost
+to purchaser, but will be credited on other maps, charts, or globes that
+may be purchased.
+
+                    =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON=
+          =3 and 5 West 18th St.,           NEW YORK.=
+
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+
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+
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+
+          =RETURN THIS COUPON WITH SIX TWO-CENT STAMPS=
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+Here is a chance to get a first-class, bright monthly magazine for
+simply the postage. Write at once to
+
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+          Dionysius, the Tyrant of Syracuse. Dionysius went
+          over to Syracuse with his four-horse chariot,
+          called the quadriga, and, much to the surprise of
+          the Greeks, won the coveted laurel wreath at the
+          Olympian games. The Greeks refused Dionysius his
+          trophy, however, and, in his rage, he caused to be
+          struck off in commemoration of his victory the
+          most magnificent coin the world has ever known.
+          The coin was made by the greatest sculptor of
+          Athens, Simon. The coin is about as large as the
+          American silver dollar, and is carved in high
+          relief, on one side showing Dionysius in the
+          quadriga being crowned by winged Victory and on
+          the reverse, Arethusa, the tutelary goddess of the
+          sea, surrounded by her dolphins.
+
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+=THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.=
+
+ALBERT ROSS PARSONS, _President American College of Musicians_: "For the
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+
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+=THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.=
+
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+as unique, and of almost incomparable value, and I should be pleased to
+aid in its general use in all the schools of our State. You are
+authorized to use this letter and to quote me as strongly in favor of
+it."
+
+
+=THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.=
+
+WILLIAM N. SHEATS, _State Superintendent of Public Instruction_,
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+THE GREAT ROUND WORLD. I think it is an ideal paper for children."
+
+
+=THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.=
+
+T. W. HARRIS, _Superintendent of Schools_, Keene, N. H.: "I find it
+excellent for the use we have made of it, and would heartily commend it
+to all schools as an aid in the study of current events."
+
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+
+Transcriber's notes:
+
+Obvious punctuation errors repaired.
+
+Page 322, "crying" was printed with the "c" backward. (crying for war)
+
+"Club Rates" table, "Bazar" changed to "Bazaar". (Harper's Bazaar)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is
+Going On In It, Vol. 2, No. 11, March 17, 1898, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND ***
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