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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Illustrated War News, Number 21, Dec.
+30, 1914, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Illustrated War News, Number 21, Dec. 30, 1914
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: May 7, 2006 [EBook #18334]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, David Garcia and the Online
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+N.B.--REMOVE INSETTED LEAFLET     EACH NUMBER    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS.
+BEFORE POSTING THIS ISSUE.     COMPLETE IN ITSELF            DEC. 30 1914.
+__________________________________________________________________________
+
+[Illustration: THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS PART 21]
+
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+__________________________________________________________________________
+THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--II
+
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+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                     THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--1
+
+
+The Illustrated War News.
+
+[Illustration: _Photo. Cribb_
+
+ONE OF THE BRITISH SHIPS WHICH SANK VON SPEE'S SQUADRON OFF THE
+FALKLANDS: THE BATTLE-CRUISER "INVINCIBLE"]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+2--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+THE GREAT WAR.
+
+
+In reviewing the events of the last week throughout the world-wide area of
+war, let  us begin with the  Dark Continent, where everything  went in our
+favour--very brilliantly  so. First of  all, then, we  may now be  said to
+have  completed our  conquest of  the  German Cameroon  country by  taking
+possession of the whole of the railway which runs northward from Bonabari,
+and is now in  the hands of our troops. A similar fate  is reserved, at no
+distant date, for German South  Africa, against which General Botha--a man
+no less brave  and dashing as a soldier than  sagacious as a statesman--is
+preparing to  lead a  conquering force. Having  stamped out  the rebellion
+within the  Union itself--crushing it  literally like a beetle--he  is now
+addressing himself to  the task--a harder one, perhaps,  but still certain
+of achievement--of making  an end of the bad neighbourhood  of the Germans
+in  the vast  region  forming the  Hinterland of  Lüderitz  Bay, which  is
+already in  our possession, and  rendering it  impossible for them  in the
+future to  intrigue from that quarter  against the peace and  stability of
+the  Union. The  court-martialling  and prompt  execution  at Pretoria  of
+the  rebel leader,  Captain Fourie,  shows  what the  Union Government  is
+minded  to do  _pour décourager  les autres_.  The rebellion  was promptly
+and  energetically suppressed--though  not without  a Union  loss of  334,
+including  more  than  100  deaths;  while in  German  South  Africa,  the
+casualties had also risen to a total of some 370. The rebels had more than
+170 killed,  over 300 wounded, and  5500 prisoners--which was thus  a very
+creditable bit of  work, as brilliant as it was  brief, in the rounding-up
+of rebels against the unity of the Empire.
+
+[Illustration: SPOKESMAN OF FRENCH DETERMINATION: M. VIVIANI, PREMIER OF
+FRANCE.
+
+At the opening of the French Chamber on the 22nd, M. Viviani, the Premier,
+expressed the national  resolve to continue the war till  the cause of the
+Allies is won.--[_Photo. Topical._]]
+
+[Illustration: APPOINTED COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF AT THE NORE: ADMIRAL
+CALLAGHAN.
+
+Admiral Sir George Callaghan was Commander-in-Chief of the Home Fleet from
+1911  till the  war began.  He has  since  been on  the War  Staff at  the
+Admiralty.--[_Photo. Heath._]]
+
+Quite  of a  piece with  the doing  of this  job in  South Africa  was the
+disposal  of  another overt  enemy  against  our  authority at  the  other
+extremity of the Dark Continent--in the  person of the Khedive, Abbas II.,
+who has  now been replaced  by Prince Hussein  Kamel Pasha as  the nominal
+Sultan of Egypt--under our protection and power. No change of the kind was
+ever  brought about  with so  much  statesmanlike wisdom  and such  little
+friction,  or with  so much  hearty  approval from  all sides--except,  of
+course, that of the Turks and their German backers, for whom the change of
+regime,  effected as  it  was by  a  simple stroke  of  Sir Edward  Grey's
+masterly pen,  was a most painful  slap. The exchange of  messages between
+King  George  and Prince  Hussein--one  promising  unfailing support,  and
+the  other unfailing  allegiance--completed  the transaction,  one of  the
+greatest triumphs of British statesmanship, compared with which the recent
+statecraft of the Germans is mere  amateur bungling. Marshal von der Goltz
+Pasha, who has now exchanged his  Governorship of Belgium for the position
+of chief  military counsellor on the  Bosphorus, will find it  harder than
+ever--with  his rabble  army under  Djemal Pasha--to  "liberate" from  the
+British yoke the people of Egypt, who have already shown that they no more
+yearn for  such emancipation than  our loyal fellow-subjects in  India. At
+Constantinople  it  was given  out  that  the  _Messudiyeh_, sunk  by  one
+
+(_Continued overleaf._)
+
+[Illustration: GERMAN PRAISE OF THE BRITISH SOLDIER: GENERAL VON
+HEERINGEN.
+
+Interviewed recently, General von  Heeringen said: "The English first-line
+troops are  splendid soldiers, experienced  and very tough,  especially on
+the defensive."--[_Photo. Bain._]]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                     THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--3
+
+
+[Illustration: CHRISTMAS DECORATIONS ON A BRITISH WAR-SHIP: EVERGREENS
+FOR THE MASTHEAD.]
+
+[Illustration: THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE GRAND FLEET AT SEA: ADMIRAL
+JELLICOE.]
+
+Christmas celebrations in the Navy were naturally curtailed this year, but
+even in  time of war  the festival is observed  to some extent,  under the
+limitations caused by  the necessity of being ready  for immediate action.
+That the Navy  did not allow Christmas festivities to  interfere with duty
+is shown by  the brilliant air-raid on Cuxhaven on  Christmas morning. The
+Grand  Fleet which  keeps  its silent  watch on  the  seas, under  Admiral
+Jellicoe, did not, we may be sure,  relax any of its vigilance. One of the
+Christmas customs  in the Navy  is to  decorate the mastheads  with holly,
+mistletoe, or evergreens. The mess-room tables are also decorated, and the
+officers walk in  procession through the messes, the  Captain sampling the
+fare.--[_Photos. by Newspaper Illustrations and Alfieri._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+4--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+of our  submarines in  the Dardanelles,  had simply been  the victim  of a
+"leak"; but  so serious was  this little "rift  within the lute"  that its
+author,  Lieut.-Commander  Holbrook, R.N.,  was  awarded  a V.C.  for  his
+splendid deed  of daring--a  very different  kind of  act from  the German
+bombardment of undefended towns on our  East Coast, which caused our First
+Lord of the Admiralty to write  to the Mayor of Scarborough--and his words
+deserve  to  be here  repeated  and  recorded--that "nothing  proves  more
+plainly the  effectiveness of  British naval pressure  than the  frenzy of
+hatred aroused  against us in the  breasts of the enemy....  Their hate is
+the measure of  their fear.... Whatever feats of arms  the German Navy may
+hereafter  perform, the  stigma of  the baby-killers  of Scarborough  will
+brand its officers and men while sailors sail the seas."
+
+[Illustration: A GERMAN ISLAND ADDED TO THE EMPIRE BY THE AUSTRALIAN
+FORCES: READING THE BRITISH PROCLAMATION AT RABAUL, NEU POMMERN.
+
+The Australian Squadron arrived at Herbertshöhe, Neu Pommern, on September
+11. After some fighting, the Germans surrendered, and, two days later, the
+Union Jack was hoisted at Rabaul, the German capital. The proclamation was
+read  by Major  Francis Heritage  (facing Colonel  W. Holmes,  the central
+figure in the  photograph). For the benefit of the  natives an address was
+given in  amusing "pidgin" English  (see the  "Times,"  November  16). Neu
+Pommern (formerly New Britain) is just east of New Guinea.]
+
+Other  attempts  at  "frightful  frightfulness"   on  the  part  of  these
+"baby-killers"  were  a  couple  of aeroplane  raids--of  which  the  base
+was  probably  Ostend--carried out  on  Christmas  Eve and  Christmas  Day
+respectively--against Dover and Sheerness. It must be owned that they were
+decidedly daring,  yet in the nature  of damp-squib affairs, as  it turned
+out. In the case of Dover, the  bomb dropped was probably intended for the
+Castle--a pretty conspicuous target, though all  it did was to disturb the
+soil of  a cabbage-garden, and  excite the pursuit  of several of  our own
+air-craft, which  lost their  seaward-soaring quarry  in the  fog brooding
+over the Channel; while in the case of the Sheerness invader, on Christmas
+Day, which made  its appearance just as the visitors  at Southend over the
+water  were about  to sit  down to  their turkey  and plum-pudding--little
+dreaming of  the extra  dish of enjoyment  which was thus  to be  added to
+their menu--it was at once tackled, as at Dover, by some of our own airmen
+and pelted  with shot, being hit  three or four times;  though this aerial
+intruder also  managed, in  the mist, to  show a clean  pair of  heels, or
+wings,  and make  off  eastward.  These were  the  German  replies to  our
+bomb-dropping raids on Düsseldorf and Friedrichs-hafen, and intended to be
+a foretaste of  what we may expect in the  shape of German "frightfulness"
+as prompted by the "insensate hatred" referred to by Mr. Churchill.
+
+Daring enough in themselves, those German visitations seemed insignificant
+by  comparison  with  the  raids  which  were  being  carried  out  almost
+simultaneously on the other  side of the sea by our  own naval airmen. For
+while the German aeroplanist was helping to dig a cabbage garden at Dover,
+one of  our Squadron-Commanders--R.B. Davies, R.N.--from  a Maurice-Farman
+biplane  was  much more  profitably  engaged  in  dropping a  dozen  bombs
+on  a  Zeppelin shed  at  Brussels--causing  "clouds  of smoke"  to  arise
+therefrom--most probably from the flames of the incendiarised air-ship.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                     THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--5
+
+[Illustration: THE AIR-RAID ON GERMAN WAR-SHIPS OFF CUXHAVEN: BRITISH
+SEA-PLANES, SISTERS TO THOSE WHICH TOOK PART IN THE BRILLIANT EXPLOIT.]
+
+The sea-planes came  into great prominence, for the first  time during the
+war, on Christmas Day, when seven  of them attacked German war-ships lying
+in Schillig  Roads, off Cuxhaven. The  attack started from a  point in the
+vicinity of Heligoland, and the air-craft were escorted by a light-cruiser
+and destroyer force, together with submarines. The enemy put up a fight by
+means  of two  Zeppelins,  three  or  four  bomb-dropping sea-planes,  and
+several submarines.  Six out  of the  seven pilots  returned safely--three
+were  re-embarked by  our  ships,  and three  were  picked  up by  British
+submarines.  Flight-Commander Francis  E.T.  Hewlett,  R.N., was  reported
+missing. In  our first  photograph a  sea-plane is  being conveyed  to her
+parent  ship;  in the  second  and  third,  sea-planes are  being  hoisted
+aboard.--[_Photos. by S. and G._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+6--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+But  that  was  nothing  to  the  Christmas  Day  feat  of  seven  of  our
+sea-planes--one for  every day  of the  week--which, accompanied  by light
+cruisers  and  destroyers, with  several  submarines,  made a  daring  and
+unparalleled attack  on Cuxhaven, at  the mouth  of the Elbe,  and several
+war-ships  lying at  anchor  there--unparalleled, by  reason  of the  fact
+that  this was  the first  "combined  assault of  all arms"  known to  the
+sea--namely, from  the air, the water,  and from under the  water. Both at
+Yarmouth and Scarborough the German  bombarding cruisers were so nervously
+afraid of  being caught in the  act that they  may almost be said  to have
+only fired their guns and then run  away again. But our triple flotilla at
+the mouth of the Elbe spent a deliberate three hours in the performance of
+its task,  and then  calmly withdrew  with only one  of the  daring pilots
+missing. So far,  it was the most  thrilling episode of the  war, and must
+give our enemies "furiously to think," in addition to furnishing them with
+much more  for the  nourishment of  their hate.  Of this  insensate hatred
+against us  in the hearts  of the German  people--and all because  we have
+"queered their  pitch," or  crossed their  long-cherished schemes  for the
+destruction of  our Empire--the  most furious  exponent is  the _Kölnische
+Zeitung_,  or  _Cologne  Gazette_,  as we  generally  call  it--which  may
+be  described, on  the  whole,  as the  most  authoritative  organ of  the
+Fatherland--or the _Times_  of Germany, but always with  a difference. The
+curious anomaly is that the seat of this powerful journal should be so far
+away  from  the capital--at  Cologne.  There  is  an old  story--known  to
+tourists who read  their guide-books--about the "Three  Kings of Cologne,"
+but now  this story has just  received a pendant which  gives anything but
+satisfaction at Cologne itself or anywhere else in Germany.
+
+[Illustration: MUCH USED AGAINST SOUTH AFRICAN REBELS: A TRUCK OF AN
+ARMOURED TRAIN, AT BLOEMFONTEIN.
+
+Armoured  trains worked  by the  South  African Engineer  Corps have  done
+useful service  in the  operations against  the rebels.  The truck  in the
+photograph, it will be seen, is loop-holed.]
+
+This was the  recent meeting, not at  Cologne, but at Malmö,  of the three
+Kings of Scandinavia--Denmark, Sweden, and Norway--who lunched, and dined,
+and debated  together for several days,  when it was at  last announced to
+the world at  large (and Germany in particular)  that "their deliberations
+had not  only consolidated the  good relations between the  three Northern
+
+[Illustration: MEN WHO UNDERGO GREAT HARDSHIPS IN THEIR PURSUIT OF
+REBELS: A BIVOUAC OF SOUTH AFRICAN LOYALISTS.
+
+Our correspondent  writes: "After a  long chase they find  themselves very
+often forty miles from the convoy, nothing to eat for man or beast, and in
+a country destitute of food."]
+
+[Illustration: WHERE "REGIMENTS HAD BEEN RAISED AS IF BY A WIZARD'S
+WAND": GENERAL SMUTS SPEAKING AT JOHANNESBURG.
+
+General Smuts, South African Minister of Defence, said recently that there
+had been a magnificent response to the call to arms. On the Rand regiments
+had been raised as if by a magician's wand.]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                     THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--7
+
+
+[Illustration: AMENITIES OF MOLE WARFARE SATIRISED: A FRENCH
+CARICATURIST'S SKIT ON THE "LUXURIES" OF LIFE IN THE TRENCHES.]
+
+Both the  French and British  troops have made the  best of things  in the
+siege-warfare of the  trenches, and out of an initial  condition of misery
+have managed to  evolve a considerable amount of comfort  in many parts of
+the front. Ingenious French engineers,  for example, have constructed warm
+shower-baths, hair-dressing  saloons, and similar conveniences,  while the
+British "Eye-Witness"  was able to write  recently of our own  lines: "The
+trenches themselves  are heated  by braziers and  stoves and  floored with
+straw, bricks and  boards. Behind them are shelters and  dug-outs of every
+description most  ingeniously contrived." The above  French cartoon, which
+is  from "La  Vie Parisienne,"  is  headed "La  Guerre des  Taubes et  des
+Taupes" (moles).
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+8--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+kingdoms,  but that  an agreement  had  also been  reached concerning  the
+special  questions raised"--a  result which  must have  been anything  but
+agreeable  to  the  War-Lord  of  Potsdam,  who  had  been  thirsting  for
+_Weltmacht_, or world-dominion, and casting about to pave the way for this
+result by absorbing the minor States  of Northern Europe--as a shark would
+open its voracious jaws to swallow down a shoal of minnows, or other small
+fry. That this was a prominent plank in the platform of German policy must
+be clear to all  who have read the diplomatic revelations  of the last few
+months; but  now the "Three Kings  of Scandinavia," going one  better than
+their storied colleagues of Cologne, have shown that they are as obtuse to
+the blandishments of Berlin as the journalists of New York and Chicago.
+
+[Illustration: TYPICAL OF THOSE USED BY GERMAN AIR-CRAFT DURING THE WAR:
+A BOMB RECENTLY DROPPED FROM AN AEROPLANE INTO WARSAW.
+
+German air-craft have  lately been active in the  neighbourhood of Warsaw,
+the great objective  of the German Eastern Armies. Our  photograph shows a
+bomb after it had fallen into the city.
+
+_Photograph by Illus. Bureau._]
+
+According to all accounts, the Allied position in the west, especially the
+British section thereof, is  as "safe as the Bank of  England," to use the
+words  of one  of  our officers  already quoted;  and  though the  Kaiser,
+recovered from his illness, has again returned to the front--or, at least.
+the distant rear of the front--he does not seem to have much refreshed the
+offensive  spirit of  his armies.  Nevertheless, the  French _communiqués_
+have suffered  from no great diminution  in the daily records  of sporadic
+trench-fighting all along  the Allied line--fighting of  a fluctuating, if
+on the whole  favourable, kind for the strategic plans  of General Joffre,
+as to whom, one  German officer in Belgium said that he  wished to God his
+country had such  a War Lord, seeing that, apart  from Marshal Hindenburg,
+all their Generals were only worthy of disdain.
+
+In  a telegram  to his  aunt,  the Dowager  Grand Duchess  of Baden,  only
+daughter of the old Emperor William, the Kaiser gave "God alone the glory"
+for a grand victory which was supposed to have been achieved by Hindenburg
+over the  Russians in front  of Warsaw--a  victory which caused  Berlin to
+burst out into bunting and braying  and comparisons to Salamis and Leipzig
+in its  momentous results. But  this acknowledgment  of the Kaiser  to the
+Lord  of  Hosts,  "our  old  ally of  Rossbach"--which  must  surely  have
+inspired  Hindenburg himself  with  a  feeling of  jealousy  and sense  of
+soreness--turned out to have been  altogether premature, and of the nature
+of shouting before they were out of the wood.
+
+For a  fortnight or so the  fighting in Poland  continued to be of  a very
+confused kind, the telegrams from both sides being most contradictory, but
+on  the whole  the  advantage  seemed to  remain  with  the Russians,  who
+recorded their victories  in very striking figures of  killed and captured
+during their  defence of several  rivers tributary  to the Vistula  on its
+left bank. Hindenburg the redoubtable--the only  General worth a rap (or a
+"damn," as  Wellington would have  said), according to the  German officer
+already  quoted--promised to  let the  Kaiser have  Warsaw as  a Christmas
+present; but,  according to all present  appearances, he is no  nearer the
+capital of Russian Poland  than his comrade von Kluck (who  is now said to
+have been superseded)  was to Paris on  the day of his  being tumbled back
+from the Marne.
+
+<sc>London: December 28, 1914.</sc>
+
+[Illustration: A PRINCELY INDIAN GIFT: MOTOR-AMBULANCES PRESENTED TO THE
+KING FOR THE FORCES BY THE MAHARAJA SCINDIA OF GWALIOR.
+
+The  Maharaja  Scindia's  munificent   Christmas  gift  for  the  soldiers
+and  sailors  consists  of  41  ambulance-cars, 4  cars  for  officers,  5
+motor-lorries  and repair-wagons,  and  10 motor-cycles.--[_Photo.  Illus.
+Bureau._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                     THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--9
+
+
+[Illustration: SHELLED, BURNED OUT, AND FINALLY TAKEN BY STORM: ALL THAT
+REMAINS OF THE FAMOUS CHÂTEAU OF VERMELLES.]
+
+Less than  three months ago a  charming French country mansion  amidst its
+beautiful gardens and park, all that  remained at Christmas of the Château
+of Vermelles  is the  shell here  shown. Fate made  the Château,  with the
+small adjoining  village, for upwards  of eight weeks a  disputed tactical
+point between the Germans and the Allies, a narrow strip of only 150 yards
+of ground  intervening between  the trenches.  The Germans  held Vermelles
+from  October 16  until  early  in December,  fortifying  the Château  and
+grounds. They had  to be shelled out  By October 21, the  Château was only
+smouldering walls, and French engineers were mining approaches to it. Then
+an English  heavy battery  bombarded Vermelles. Finally  the French  "in a
+very brilliant attack," stormed and took Vermelles, village and château.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+10--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: RULER OF EGYPT, THE BRITISH PROTECTORATE: SULTAN HUSSEIN I.]
+
+The new Sultan of  Egypt, Prince Hussein Kamel, is sixty  years of age and
+the  eldest living  Prince  of the  family of  Mehemet  Ali, the  historic
+liberator of  Egypt from Turkish  domination. For  years past, as  head of
+various administrative  departments in Egypt,  he devoted his  energies to
+improving the lot of the natives, by  whom he is called "the Father of the
+Fellaheen."
+
+[Illustration: THE ROUTED AUSTRIAN COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF: FIELD-MARSHAL
+POTIOREK.]
+
+General Oscar Potiorek commanded the Austrian Army invading Serbia. Elated
+at  occupying Belgrade  without firing  a shot,  he promised  his Imperial
+master  at  Vienna that  in  a  fortnight  Serbia  would be  conquered.  A
+Field-Marshal's baton  and the  highest Austrian military  decoration were
+bestowed  on  him. Within  a  week  Potiorek's  army were  fugitives.  The
+Field-Marshal is to be court-martialled.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--11
+
+
+[Illustration: THE ACCUSATIONS OF OUTRAGE AND BREACHES OF THE LAWS OF
+WAR BY GERMANY: THE BRITISH COMMITTEE OF INQUIRY.]
+
+On September 15, the Prime Minister announced in the House of Commons that
+he had  asked the  Home Secretary  and the  Attorney-General to  take such
+steps  as seemed  best  adapted  to provide  for  the investigation,  from
+evidence  obtainable  in  this  country, of  accusations  of  outrage  and
+breaches  of the  laws  of war  on  the part  of  Germany, This  Committee
+is  constituted of  the  Right  Hon. Viscount  Bryce,  O.M. Chairman;  the
+Right Hon.  Sir Frederick Pollock,  Professor of Jurisprudence;  the Right
+Hon.  Sir Edward  Clarke;  Sir Alfred  Hopkinson,  Vice-Chancellor of  the
+Victoria  University,  Manchester,  1900-1913;  Professor  H.A.L.  Fisher,
+Vice-Chancellor of Sheffield University; and Mr. Harold Cox, Editor of the
+"Edinburgh Review."--[_Photos. by Beresford,  Russell, Winter, and Elliott
+and Fry._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+12--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: "DRIVEN ASHORE AND BURNT": THE "EMDEN" BEACHED ON NORTH
+KEELING ISLAND, AND A BOATLOAD OF PRISONERS COMING AWAY.]
+
+An  officer  of H.M.A.S.  "Sydney,"  which  destroyed the  German  cruiser
+"Emden"  off  the  Cocos  Islands  on   November  9,  has  given  a  vivid
+account  of the  event  in  a private  letter  recently  published in  the
+"Times."  After describing  the earlier  part  of the  action, he  writes:
+"By  now  her  three  funnels  and   her  foremast  had  been  shot  away,
+and  she  was on  fire  aft.  We turned  again,  and  after giving  her  a
+salvo  or  two with  the  starboard  guns, saw  her  run  ashore on  North
+Keeling  Island. So  at 11.20  a.m. we  ceased firing,  the action  having
+lasted  one hour  forty  minutes." Later,  the writer  of  the letter  was
+sent  in  a  cutter to  the  "Emden"  to  arrange  for the  surrender  and
+taking  off the  wounded.  "From  the number  of  men we  rescued--_i.e._,
+150,"  he  continues,   "we  have  been  able  to   reckon  their  losses.
+
+                                                    [_Continued opposite._
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--13
+
+
+[Illustration: BEFORE THEY ESCAPED IN "A LEAKING SHIP": THE "EMDEN'S"
+LANDING-PARTY, WHO SAW THEIR SHIP DESTROYED (ON COCOS ISLANDS).]
+
+_Continued._]
+
+We  know the  number of  men who  landed at  Cocos and  got away....  They
+cannot have  lost less  than 180  men killed, with  20 men  badly wounded,
+and  about  the  same  number  slightly."  As  regards  the  fate  of  the
+German  landing-party, he  says: "Early  in the  morning we  made for  the
+cable-station, to find that the party landed by the Germans to destroy the
+station had seized a schooner and  departed. The poor devils aren't likely
+to  go far  with a  leaking ship  and the  leathers removed  from all  the
+pumps." It  may be  that the vessel  seen on the  right in  the right-hand
+photograph is the  one in which they  escaped. They had broken  up all the
+instruments at the Eastern Telegraph Cable Station, but those in charge of
+it had a duplicate set concealed.--[_Photos. by Illustrations Bureau._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+14--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: SUBMARINE LAMPS AS PILOTS: HARBOUR CHANNELS OUTLINED IN
+UNDER-WATER LIGHTS.]
+
+We illustrate  here a system of  submerged lamps for guiding  vessels into
+port, invented by M.  Léon Dion. It consists of a  chain of electric lamps
+laid under water  to mark the navigable channel, connected  by an electric
+cable controlled  from the  shore. In  time of war,  of course,  the light
+would  be switched  on only  when a  friendly vessel  was signalled.--[_By
+Courtesy of the "Scientific American."_]
+
+[Illustration: COMPRESSED AIR FOR "PLUGGING" HOLED SHIPS: AN INTERESTING
+NAVAL EXPERIMENT.]
+
+This  method of  stopping  the inrush  of  water was  tested  on the  U.S.
+battle-ship "North  Carolina." An American  naval officer wrote:  "Its use
+will  permit  us  to  repair  from  inside  all  holes  made  beneath  the
+water-line. Strong pressure is exerted  in the holed compartment; slighter
+pressure, graduated, in those adjacent (shaded darker)."--[_By Courtesy of
+"Popular Mechanics" Magazine, Chicago._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--15
+
+
+[Illustration: CHRISTMAS DAY ON BOARD SHIP IN THE NORTH SEA: THE CAPTAIN
+GOING ROUND THE MESSES "TASTING THE MEN'S DINNER."]
+
+By time-honoured naval  usage, on Christmas Day, after  Divine Service, on
+board every  ship, the officers, headed  by the Captain, visit  the men at
+dinner in their messes, which  are always gay with seasonable decorations.
+At the end of each table stands the cook of the mess, to offer the Captain
+samples of the  dinner he has prepared. These are  tasted by the officers,
+and, with  a hearty exchange  of good  wishes, the procession  passes from
+table  to  table. It  is  stated  that the  officers  of  the Grand  Fleet
+collectively  subscribed to  provide  Christmas dinners  at  home for  the
+children  of their  men.  It  is certain  that  friends  at home  provided
+Christmas fare for the crews in the North Sea. Never was there a year when
+seasonable goodwill and seasonable good cheer were more desirable.--[_From
+a Drawing by S. Begg._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+16--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: BLINDFOLDED BY A SACK: A SUSPECT BROUGHT THROUGH THE
+FRENCH LINES.]
+
+Much has been  heard of the plague  of German spies at the  front, and for
+excellent reason: they  have been as daring as they  have been ubiquitous.
+Here we see a suspect being  brought through the French lines after having
+been found  in a  suspicious position  near our  Allies' artillery.  He is
+blindfolded, by means of a sack placed  over his head, so that he may gain
+no information en route.--[_Photo. by C.N._]
+
+[Illustration: SPORT AT THE FRONT: BRITISH OFFICERS WITH A "BAG" OF
+PARTRIDGE AND HARE.]
+
+The British officer, who is once more showing what a magnificent sportsman
+and fighter he is  in the field, is not altogether  neglecting sport as he
+knows it at home  while he is at the front. Already we  have heard of hare
+and partridge shooting near the firing-line; and a pack of fox-hounds have
+joined the forces,  for the benefit of the Battle  Hunt Club.--[_Photo. by
+Photopress._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--17
+
+
+[Illustration: AT FRANCIS JOSEPH'S FEET FOR LESS THAN A FORTNIGHT:
+BELGRADE (SINCE RETAKEN BY THE SERBIANS) ENTERED BY THE AUSTRIANS.]
+
+This drawing by  a German artist shows General Liborius  von Frank (riding
+in front  of the  standard-bearer) entering  Belgrade at  the head  of the
+Fifth Austrian  Army on December  2. As the  troops passed the  Konak, the
+building in the background with a  cupola, they sang the Austrian national
+anthem. General  Frank sent the  following message to the  Emperor Francis
+Joseph: "On the occasion of  the sixty-sixth anniversary of your Majesty's
+accession permit me to lay at  your feet the information that Belgrade was
+to-day occupied  by the troops  of the  Fifth Army." Belgrade  remained in
+Austrian hands less  than a fortnight. The Serbians recaptured  it after a
+desperate  battle.  At Belgrade  they  placed  60,000 Austrians  _hors  de
+combat_, and  from December 3 to  15 had captured 274  officers and 46,000
+men.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+18--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: A GERMAN DREAM OF EMPIRE ENDS IN SMOKE: TSING-TAU SET ON
+FIRE BY SHELLS FROM JAPANESE HEAVY ARTILLERY.]
+
+This impressive photograph was taken  during the bombardment of Tsing-tau,
+Germany's cherished possession in the Far East, which fell to the Japanese
+and British arms on  November 7. In the distance the  smoke of her burning
+is seen going up to heaven. The  blockade of Tsing-tau began on August 27.
+The Japanese  troops landed  in Lao-shan  Bay on  September 18,  the small
+British force on the 24th. On the  28th they carried the high ground 2-1/2
+miles from the  main German position, and fire was  opened on the fortress
+during the first week in October. The general bombardment began on October
+31 and lasted till the night of  November 6, when the Japanese stormed the
+central fort.  We illustrate  on another  page one  of the  Japanese heavy
+siege-guns used at Tsing-tau.--[_Photo. by Record Press._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--19
+
+
+[Illustration: IN THE BATTERIES AGAINST TSING-TAU: A JAPANESE SIEGE-GUN
+GETTING THE ORDER BY TELEPHONE TO OPEN FIRE.]
+
+We see here one of the heavy  siege-guns which the Japanese brought up for
+the  bombardment of  Tsing-tau  when  about to  open  fire  on the  German
+fortress.  The  gun-team of  artillerymen  are  standing  in rear  of  the
+piece,  and in  the foreground,  to the  right, is  one of  the detachment
+receiving orders by  telephone from the battery-commandant at  his post of
+observation.  Profiting  by their  experiences  in  siege-warfare at  Port
+Arthur, the Japanese  were fully prepared with a very  large and efficient
+siege-gun train to  undertake the attack on Tsing-tau  immediately war was
+declared. The  Japanese employed  140 guns  in the  bombardment, including
+28-centimetre howitzers and 21 and 15 cm. siege-guns, firing respectively,
+11.2-inch, 8.4-inch, and 6-inch shells.--[_Photo. by Record Press._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+20--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: HAND-GRENADES SHOT FROM A GUN!--THE AARSEN GRENADE-GUN
+BEING LOADED.]
+
+One of the features of the present  war which have been drawn attention to
+by "Eye-Witness"  in his letters from  the Front, is the  resuscitation of
+fighting with hand-grenades on both  sides. Particularly has this been the
+case  during the  battles in  Northern France  and Flanders,  wherever the
+trenches approached one  another within flinging distance.  There also, on
+occasion,  where the  troops facing  one another  were further  apart, and
+beyond reach  of a throw  by hand, an  improvised catapult of  the classic
+type has  been devised  by our  men for  slinging hand-bombs;  utilising a
+metal spring  bent back and held  fast in a  notch, to be released  on the
+lighting  of the  fuse.  An illustration  of a  catapult  appeared in  the
+"Illustrated War News" of December 23.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--21
+
+
+[Illustration: HAND-GRENADES SHOT FROM A GUN!--AARSEN GRENADES BURSTING
+IN THE OPEN.]
+
+On the  page opposite we give  a photograph of a  Danish experimental gun,
+designed at Copenhagen, for firing  Aarsen hand-grenades. The grenades are
+shown in the act  of being introduced into the breech  of the weapons, and
+the apparatus  for holding each grenade  in the hand is  clearly shown. In
+the photograph  above the shells are  seen bursting at a  certain distance
+from the firing-point. Our soldiers in the trenches in Flanders, according
+to  "Eye-Witness,"  have  made improvised  hand-grenades  for  themselves,
+utilising empty jam-tins. These are charged with gun-cotton and fused, and
+on being  lighted are flung  across among  the Germans in  their trenches.
+What  the jam-tin  hand-grenades  look like  the  "War News"  illustration
+referred to shows, and how they are used with catapults.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+22--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: READY FOR THE TURKISH ARMY SENT "TO DELIVER EGYPT"! A
+BRITISH ENTRENCHED CAMP ON THE SUEZ CANAL.]
+
+It was  stated on December 23  that the "Frankfürter Zeitung"  had learned
+from Constantinople  that the Turkish  Army sent "to deliver  Egypt" began
+its forward  march to the  Suez Canal on the  21st. The Canal  is securely
+held along its hundred miles of  length. Our illustration shows one of the
+several  British  advanced-camps  on  the eastern  bank  (the  Asiatic  or
+Sinaitic Peninsula  side), placed there  to prevent a surprise  attack. In
+all  cases, our  positions are  well fortified,  and, with  the desert  in
+front,  present a  formidable  barrier to  the enemy.  In  support of  the
+entrenched camps, movable pontoon-bridges have been constructed at certain
+points. These,  with the  permanent railway along  the western  bank, will
+enable reinforcements to be thrown across the waterways speedily.]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--23
+
+
+[Illustration: THE MOST POPULAR FRENCH HEROINE OF '70: JULIETTE DODU
+(WHO DIED THE OTHER DAY) PARDONED FOR HER GREAT BRAVERY.]
+
+There  has  just  died  upon  her little  farm  at  Clarens,  Switzerland,
+"La  demoiselle  Juliette Dodu  of  Pithiviers,"  forty-four years  ago  a
+telegraphist  who  outwitted  the  German invaders,  was  taken  prisoner,
+threatened with death, treated chivalrously  by the "Red Prince" Friedrich
+Karl, released  on the proclamation of peace, decorated with the  Cross of
+the Legion of Honour, and retired to  the little farm, where she ended her
+days. The spirit of this romance of the Franco-German War of 1870-71 lives
+in the picture by E.J. Delahaye. Chivalry  was not then dead, and the "Red
+Prince," father  of our  popular Duchess  of Connaught,  although Juliette
+Dodu had hindered the  German advance on Paris, shook her  by the hand and
+said that it was "an honour to meet so brave a woman."
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+24--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: THE AUSTRIAN DÉBÂCLE: A DISASTROUS MARCH UNDER CONTINUAL
+SHELL-FIRE FROM SERBIAN ARTILLERY.--<sc>From the Painting by Frédèric de
+Haenen.</sc>] (left half)
+
+The  retreat  of the  Austrians  after  the  recent great  victory  gained
+over  them  by  the  Serbians  has  been described  as  one  of  the  most
+disastrous  in  history. It  was  stated  unofficially  in a  report  from
+Budapest that the southern Austro-Hungarian  Army had lost over 60,000 men
+killed  and wounded  during the  rear-guard  actions and  the flight,  and
+about  35,000 prisoners,  together with  a large  amount of  guns and  war
+material.  Of the  actual retreat  it was  said that  the Austrian  troops
+were  on  the march  continually  for  a  whole  week, while  the  Serbian
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--25
+
+
+[Illustration: THE AUSTRIAN DÉBÂCLE: A DISASTROUS MARCH UNDER CONTINUAL
+SHELL-FIRE FROM SERBIAN ARTILLERY.--<sc>From the Painting by Frédèric de
+Haenen.</sc>] (right half)
+
+artillery in pursuit shelled them  without cessation. Many of the Austrian
+soldiers, it  is said, dropped  by the way  from fatigue and  weakness, as
+they had had  neither food nor rest,  and several of the  officers did the
+same. It  was impossible for some  parts of the  army to make a  stand, as
+their artillery had been obliged to  remain behind owing to the exhaustion
+of  the horses.  Only  those of  the Austrian  regiments  which had  their
+supply-wagons with them were able to reach the Bosnian frontier.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+26--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: A GERMAN POSSESSION ADDED TO THE BRITISH EMPIRE BY THE
+AUSTRALIAN FORCES: THE OCCUPATION OF NEU POMMERN (NEW BRITAIN).]
+
+The Admiralty announced  on September 13 that the  Australian Squadron had
+occupied,  on the  11th,  "the  town of  Herbertshöhe,  in  the island  of
+Neu  Pommern (late  New  Britain),  which is  an  island  in the  Bismarck
+Archipelago; this island lies due east from German New Guinea." At Rabaul,
+New Britain, on the 13th, a  British Proclamation was read, with a special
+one in "pidgin"  English for the natives. The  German Acting-Governor, Dr.
+Haber, surrendered  on the 21st.  Our photographs show: (1)  German troops
+marching  into  Herbertshöhe  to  surrender;  (2)  A  German  building  at
+Friedrich  Wilhelmshafen, now  garrison headquarters;  (3) The  Australian
+Naval Brigade marching through Rabaul; and  (4) Dr. Haber, followed by the
+German Commander, riding into Herbertshöhe to surrender.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--27
+
+
+[Illustration: THE NEUTRALITY OF THE SCANDINAVIAN POWERS: THE KINGS OF
+NORWAY, SWEDEN, AND DENMARK, WHO MET IN CONFERENCE AT MALMO.]
+
+The three Northern Monarchs whose portraits  are given above are: (1) King
+Haakon  of Norway;  (2)  King  Gustav of  Sweden;  (3)  King Christian  of
+Denmark. King Gustav was the convener  of the meeting, the object of which
+was  to arrive  at an  understanding by  means of  which the  Scandinavian
+countries might be  able to draw closer together in  view of the interests
+common to them all as neutrals.  The motive was to maintain the neutrality
+and independence of the three peoples, and at the same time to mitigate as
+far as  possible the serious  inconveniences which all the  three Northern
+States have suffered in regard to  the supplies of the necessaries of life
+and in their general economic condition in consequence of the existence of
+a state of war in Europe.--[_Photos. by Russell, Florman, and Bieber._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+28--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: THE ENEMY AS PORTRAYED BY HIMSELF ON CHALK: THE GERMAN
+SOLDIER-CAVEMAN AS ARTIST IN THE AISNE QUARRIES.]
+
+In  more ways  than one,  the  German soldier  would seem  on occasion  to
+represent, as  it were,  a reverting  to primitive  type: to  the barbaric
+European  of  centuries  back  in the  world's  history.  The  "reversion"
+takes  many shapes,  and  we have  seen  instances of  it  during the  war
+in  various ways.  It  is  surely readily  recognisable,  for example,  in
+that  spirit  of  sheer   ruthlessness  which  inspired  the  perpetration
+of  the  inhuman  outrages  that  have laid  Belgium  waste,  and  of  the
+killing of  harmless women and  children by  naval shells at  the peaceful
+watering-place  of  Scarborough.  Another   and  more  innocuous  form  of
+going  back to  the  habits  and methods  typical  of  primitive man,  is,
+perhaps,  traceable  in  the  illustrations given  above.  They  are  some
+of  the handiwork  of  the twentieth-century  German  military cavemen  of
+
+                                                    [_Continued opposite._
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--29
+
+
+[Illustration: THE ENEMY AS PORTRAYED BY HIMSELF ON CHALK: THE GERMAN
+SOLDIER-CAVEMAN AS ARTIST IN THE AISNE QUARRIES.]
+
+_Continued._]
+
+the Aisne battlefield,  while making use of the cover  of the quarries and
+natural excavations of the district along  the northern side of the river.
+In very much the same way, as modern exploration has brought to light, the
+primaeval cave-dwelling  inhabitants of  Europe in prehistoric  times left
+rudimentary traces  of their presence  in certain  places in the  shape of
+carvings and roughly  painted "portraits" of themselves,  of the creatures
+they  hunted  for  food  and  fought with,  and  of  the  implements  they
+used.  According to  the  German  newspaper from  which  we reproduce  the
+illustrations given here, they are the work of a German artist who has had
+to go to  the Front as a conscript  and serve in the ranks  of an infantry
+battalion.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+30--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: AS LEFT BY THE TRAITOR, DE WET: THE UNION JACK THE REBEL
+LEADER TORE AND TRAMPLED UPON AT WINBURG.]
+
+De Wet committed his first open act  of rebellion at Vrede, on October 28.
+There, with a hastily raised commando at his heels, he forcibly seized the
+place and, after  submitting the local officials  to brutal ill-treatment,
+in a wild, incendiary  speech called on the Dutch of  South Africa to rise
+in arms  against the  British Government.  It was at  Winburg that  De Wet
+performed,  as  it is  stated,  the  theatrical  and unworthy  outrage  of
+trampling on and tearing the Union Jack. The identical flag which suffered
+the maltreatment is shown in our photograph,  in the state in which it was
+after De Wet's puerile act of  defiance had been committed. Reparation and
+atonement  are  to  come,  as  we  shall  learn  when  De  Wet  faces  his
+court-martial, probably at an early date.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--31
+
+
+[Illustration: "GLORY TO THOSE WHO HAVE FALLEN!" MEN OF THE HEROIC
+FRENCH ARMY WHO HAVE DIED FOR EUROPEAN FREEDOM.]
+
+This tragic photograph, showing the fatal  effects of a German shell among
+some French soldiers, brings home to the  mind what "death on the field of
+honour" means. The  Premier of France, M. Viviani, in  his great speech at
+the opening of the Chambers, paid  an eloquent tribute to the French Army.
+"We have," he  said, "the certainty of success. We  owe this certainty ...
+to our  Army, whose heroism in  numerous combats has been  guided by their
+incomparable  chiefs from  the  victory on  the Marne  to  the victory  in
+Flanders.... Let us do honour to all these heroes. Glory to those who have
+fallen before  the victory, and to  those also who through  it will avenge
+them  to-morrow! A  nation  which  can arouse  such  enthusiasm can  never
+perish."--[_Photo. by Alfieri._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+32--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: DEFENDING OUR EAST COAST FROM INVADERS: ENTRENCHMENTS OF
+THE TYPE USED AT THE FRONT, ON THE CLIFFS.]
+
+The entrenchment of the East Coast is  not only a wise precaution, but the
+work of digging and fitting up  the trenches is excellent practice for the
+troops who may later on be called  upon to do similar work abroad. It will
+be  seen  from  our  photographs  that the  trenches  on  the  East  Coast
+are  constructed on  the  latest pattern  as developed  in  the war,  with
+deep passage-ways,  roofed sections,  traverses, and  zigzags to  avoid an
+enfilading  fire  from the  flank.  They  are,  indeed,  to judge  by  the
+photograph, remarkably similar to those constructed at the front in France
+and  Flanders. Even  if  occasion should  not arise  to  use them  against
+the  enemy, the  labour  of making  them  has  not by  any  means been  in
+vain.--[_Photo. by Newspaper Illustrations._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--33
+
+
+[Illustration: CHRISTMAS WITH THE GERMAN ARMY, ACCORDING TO A GERMAN
+PAPER; THE ARRIVAL FROM HOME OF GIFTS FOR THE TROOPS.]
+
+Full  early,  the  popular  German illustrated  papers  gave  pictures  of
+Christmas on the field of battle, and it was very evident that our enemies
+anticipated a joyous  day or two: this, probably, thanks  to the idea that
+at Christmas-time all the Armies might  call something of a halt, although
+it was understood they  were not in the least likely  to do so officially.
+It was also anticipated that the  conditions of the Christmas spent by the
+Germans  at  the front  would,  like  those  experienced  by our  own  men
+and  those of  the  Allied Armies,  be ameliorated  by  the reception  and
+distribution  of  gifts from  home.  For  a considerable  while  Germany's
+women-folk, especially,  collected gifts for  fathers and brothers  at the
+front; and it is certain that their efforts were much appreciated.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+34--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: UNDERGROUND, WITH GRAMOPHONE, WHITE TABLE-COVER, AND
+FLOWERS: FRENCH SOLDIERS IN A "HOME-LIKE" BOMB-PROOF TRENCH.]
+
+Our photograph  reproduces a snapshot,  by a French artillery  officer, in
+the trenches to the east of the Aisne. It shows how some of the French are
+making  the best  of things,  regardless of  weather and  the enemy.  They
+hollowed out the  trench at one point (describes the  officer), and roofed
+it over with planks and earth, forming a bomb-proof. A seat was cut at the
+sides and a table  got from a village near. A roll  of sheet-iron found in
+the  village was  made a  chimney for  a fire  with a  cosy chimney-corner
+beside it. With some wire, also, a sort of candelabra was constructed. The
+flowers on the  table are in a  German shell for vase,  and the gramophone
+was another village "find." It is evident  that the war may develop a race
+of military troglodytes.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--35
+
+
+[Illustration: HEADQUARTERS UNDERGROUND: THE BRAIN OF THE BRITISH ARMY
+WORKING IN A SUBTERRANEAN ROOM, SAFE FROM SHELL-FIRE.]
+
+Our illustration shows  how and why the motive-power  of the Expeditionary
+Force, the brain of the Army, is  often to be found below-ground. Mr. John
+Dakin, writing of this drawing, made by him from a sketch which he made at
+the Front, says: "Throughout the war, the enemy has displayed considerable
+skill in  locating and shelling  any buildings selected for  occupation by
+our Staff. Various methods of  countering these tactics have been devised.
+On at least  one occasion, headquarters was established  in a subterranean
+apartment, which was not merely bomb-proof, but a comfortable retreat from
+the  weather.  Here,  by  lamplight,  plans were  worked  out;  scraps  of
+information  pieced  together  with  the  aid  of  maps  without  risk  of
+interruption from the enemy."--[_Drawn by  John Dakin from his Sketch made
+on the Spot._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+36--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: AFTER THE ENEMY HAD BEEN ALLOWED TO COME WITHIN
+POINT-BLANK RANGE OF THEIR SILENT FOE:]
+
+Determined night-onslaughts by  infantry have been, according  to a letter
+from Petrograd, a notable feature of  the German tactics in the battles on
+the  Vistula, particularly  in the  fighting  that has  been taking  place
+between  Lowicz and  the river.  By day,  the Germans,  we are  told, were
+persistently  aggressive, continuously  launching attacks  against various
+points of the Russian lines, while the Russians remained on the defensive.
+With the  coming of darkness,  however, regularly, night after  night, the
+Germans  redoubled  their  efforts  everywhere, taking  advantage  of  the
+obscurity  to fling  forward dense  swarms and  columns of  men in  massed
+formation, to  storm the  entrenched Russian  position, apparently  at any
+cost. They failed every time, it would appear, beaten back after literally
+a  massacre.  The Russian  tactics,  it  is  interesting to  recall,  were
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--37
+
+
+[Illustration: RUSSIAN INFANTRY SMASHING A GERMAN NIGHT-ATTACK IN MASSED
+COLUMNS, IN A BATTLE ON THE VISTULA.]
+
+exactly the  same as those  with which, as our  own officers and  men have
+described in letters  home, Sir John French's battalions in  every case so
+effectively shattered the  German efforts at breaking  through the British
+during  the retreat  after Mons.  The Russians,  it is  stated, invariably
+allowed the Germans to come in to well within point-blank range, remaining
+silent, holding their fire and not showing a light meanwhile. Then, as the
+enemy got within point-blank range, searchlights were suddenly switched on
+and  a ceaseless  fusillade  of  Maxim and  rifle-fire  from the  Russians
+literally mowed the Germans down by hundreds, breaking up their masses and
+paralysing the attack.  Our illustration shows one of the  combats just at
+the critical moment.--[_Drawn by Frédèric de Haenen._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+38--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: SHIPS THE BRITISH NAVY MIGHT HAVE HAD! FREAKS OF MARINE
+ARCHITECTURE THAT HAVE NOT BEEN OFFICIALLY ADOPTED.]
+
+We  illustrate here  and on  the page  opposite some  curious designs  for
+war-ships by various  inventors. No. 1 is  McDougal's Armoured Whale-back,
+with  conning-towers, a  design  of 1892  for  converting whalebacks  into
+war-vessels.  No. 2  is an  American  design of  1892, Commodore  Folger's
+Dynamite Ram, cigar-shaped,  with two guns throwing masses  of dynamite or
+aerial torpedoes. No. 3 is a design by the Earl of Mayo in 1894 and called
+"Aries the  Ram," built round  an immense beam  of steel terminating  in a
+sharp point, No. 4 is Gathmann's boat for a heavy gun forward, designed in
+1900. She was to  be of great speed, and the forward gun  was to throw 600
+lb. of gun-cotton at the rate of 2000 feet per second. A formidable Armada
+this, had it been practicable.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--39
+
+
+[Illustration: SHIPS THE BRITISH, AND THE GERMAN, NAVY MIGHT HAVE HAD!
+DESIGNS BY THE KAISER AND OTHER NAVAL THEORISTS.]
+
+The first illustration on this page is  a design for a battle-ship made by
+the Kaiser in 1893,  to replace the old "Preussen," then  out of date. The
+vessel  was  to  carry  four  large barbettes  and  a  huge  umbrella-like
+fighting-top. Illustration No. 2 is  an Immersible Ironclad, designed by a
+French engineer named  Le Grand, in 1862.  In action the vessel  was to be
+partly  submerged, so  that only  her  three turrets  and the  top of  the
+armoured glacis  would be visible.  No. 3  is Admiral Elliott's  "Ram," of
+1884.  The  ship was  to  carry  a  "crinoline"  of stanchions  along  her
+water-line, practically  a fixed  torpedo-net. No.  4 is  Thomas Cornish's
+Invulnerable  Ironclad, of  1885. She  was to  have two  separate parallel
+hulls under water; above she was of turtle-back shape.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+40--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: EXPERTS IN CLOSE-QUARTER FIGHTING: SIBERIAN INFANTRYMEN
+IN THEIR FIELD-SERVICE EQUIPMENT AT WARSAW.]
+
+Our illustration shows  a halt in one  of the squares of Warsaw  of one of
+the regiments  of Siberian infantry, whose  magnificent fighting qualities
+in all  the battles  of the war  in the eastern  theatre of  operations in
+which they have  taken part have gained  for them, as the  accounts of the
+different actions  sent to  London from  Petrograd testify,  the outspoken
+admiration of the whole Russian  Army. Particularly singled out for praise
+has been their audacious expertness  in close-quarter combats. They supply
+both infantry and  artillery, and are recruited all  over Siberia, forming
+ordinarily two separate commands, the  East Siberian and the West Siberian
+troops, which garrison the  fortresses and districts between Vladisvostock
+and the  Ural Mountains, the  dividing range between European  and Asiatic
+Russia.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--41
+
+
+[Illustration: THE LETTER HOME: A BRITISH SOLDIER WRITING IN A LOFT OVER
+A COW-SHED "SOMEWHERE NEAR THE FRONT."]
+
+One  of the  happiest features  of  the Great  War,  and one  of its  most
+favourable omens, is  the optimistic spirit in which  our troops, officers
+and men  alike, are  making the  best of  things, in  spite of  the trying
+conditions in  which they have to  live and carry out  their arduous work.
+They  are  as proof  against  physical  discomfort  or hardships,  and  as
+determined to  be "jolly,"  as was Mark  Tapley himself.  Our illustration
+shows one of our soldiers writing home  from the loft over a cow-shed, his
+only shelter "somewhere near the front."  A shaft of sunlight relieves the
+gloom of his rough surroundings, and no doubt is reflected in the messages
+he is  sending to  his friends at  home. It is  this wholesome  spirit, in
+small  matters  and  in  great,  which  makes  for  success.--[_Photo.  by
+Newspaper Illus._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+42--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: SERBIA'S GREAT TRIUMPH: AUSTRIAN PRISONERS; HONOURING THE
+DEAD: AND SERBIAN WOMEN HELPING WITH THE GUNS.]
+
+It  has  fallen  to  the  Serbians   to  furnish  the  most  complete  and
+overwhelming triumph  yet achieved in  the war--the smashing  victory over
+the  Austrian  Army on  the  River  Drina during  the  first  ten days  of
+December.  Our  photographs  were  taken  on  and  near  the  battlefield.
+No.  1 on  the  first page  represents a  preliminary  incident. It  shows
+an  Austrian  patrol  captured  while   pressing  forward  with  the  rash
+assurance that  characterised the  Austrian headlong advance.  No. 2  is a
+battlefield  scene, on  December 3,  when the  Serbians suddenly  attacked
+the  Austrians  and  broke  up  their  positions  at  all  points  at  the
+outset,  making  whole regiments,  scattered  and  isolated among  ravines
+and  valleys,  in  many  instances, surrender  at  discretion.  One  corps
+of  disarmed  Austrian  prisoners  is  seen while  being  marched  to  the
+
+                                                    [_Continued opposite._
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--43
+
+
+[Illustration: SERBIAN WOMEN IN THE FIELD WITH THEIR MEN: PEASANTS
+BRINGING A WOUNDED SOLDIER TO THE DRESSING-TENT.]
+
+_Continued._]
+
+rear.  No. 3  shows Serbian  villagers placing  wreaths on  the graves  of
+fallen  countrymen. Photograph  No. 4  lets  us realise  something of  the
+heroic part the women villagers took in helping to achieve the triumph. As
+the  battle took  shape they  came forward  and cheered  the men-folk  on,
+calling out  "Napréd, braco,  Napréd," "Forward, brothers,  forward," also
+helping (as our photograph shows) to push the cannon and ease the worn-out
+horses. Yet another instance of the work the Serbian women did is shown in
+our page  photograph. Owing to the  lack of Red Cross  men attendants, the
+peasant women took  on themselves to serve  as stretcher-bearers, bringing
+in  the wounded,  as these  fell in  fight, to  the dressing-tents  in the
+villages and  the churches,  which were  used as  hospitals.--[_Photos. by
+Topical._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+44--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: WITH "SPIT" HELD BY RIFLES, A SPADE, AND A COUPLE OF
+STICKS: COOKING THE CHRISTMAS GEESE AT THE FRONT.]
+
+There was no Christmas  truce at the front. The grim  realities of the war
+over-rode all considerations  of sentiment, and the hope which  was, for a
+while, common to both sides had to be left unfulfilled. None the less, the
+Season was not  without its little luxuries, and, thanks  to the excellent
+work  of the  Army Service  Corps  and the  thoughtfulness of  sympathetic
+friends  at home,  there  was  no dearth  of  substantial necessaries  and
+comforts, as well as tobacco and cigarettes galore. Our illustration shows
+a group  of soldiers  cooking their  Christmas geese in  the open,  and as
+intent  upon their  task as  though  such conditions  were quite  orthodox
+and  even such  minor alarums  as  "spasmodic artillery  duels, and  local
+fusillades" were things unheard of.--[_Photo. by L.N.A._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--45
+
+
+[Illustration: CHRISTMAS AT THE FRONT: BRITISH SOLDIERS BRINGING IN
+MISTLETOE.]
+
+It is pleasant  to think that, with  all the dangers and  anxieties of the
+war, our soldiers at the front paid  tribute to the season of goodwill. It
+is a reassuring picture, this of the  two men in khaki, rifle on shoulder,
+but  swinging  from the  deadly  barrels  berried  mistletoe, so  rich  in
+suggestion of the happiness of Christmases when the scourge of war was not
+upon the nations.--[_Photograph by L.N.A._]
+
+
+[Illustration: TRYING A BRITISH DAINTY! A FRENCH SOLDIER EATING
+CHRISTMAS PUDDING.]
+
+The  conditions under  which tens  of  thousands of  soldiers spent  their
+Christmas were memorably abnormal, but, none  the less, the season was not
+passed  without such  observance of  old customs,  and such  care for  all
+available good  cheer, as were  possible. Our illustration shows  a French
+soldier obviously enjoying  his Christmas dinner despite the  fact that he
+has to eat it by the wayside.--[_Photo. by Alfieri._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+46--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: A MISSING LONDONER! AN ENGLISH M.E.T. MOTOR-'BUS IN THE
+HANDS OF THE GERMANS AND PUT TO USE BY THEM.]
+
+As with our  London soldiers at the  front, the fortune of  war has levied
+its toll on  other Londoners. Our photograph depicts  the unfortunate fate
+that has befallen  a once well-known object in the  streets of London--one
+of  the motor-'buses  shipped across  to France  to serve  in transporting
+British troops to  the front, now in  the hands of the enemy.  Not many of
+them have  had such bad luck,  from all accounts, but  accidents cannot be
+helped, and  a victim  has been  claimed now and  again, mostly  at places
+where some raiding  Uhlan patrol has managed  to cut in and  ambush one on
+some outlying road  near the line of communications between  the front and
+an  army base,  catching the  'bus while  returning after  discharging its
+soldier "fares."
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--47
+
+
+[Illustration: WEAPONS OF GREY "MOLES," AT TSING-TAU: A LAND-MINE AND
+EMERGENCY HAND-GRENADES CAPTURED FROM THE GERMANS.]
+
+The Germans made use of land-mines in  the defence of Tsing-tau, and a few
+days after  the town's surrender, on  Nov. 7, several exploded  while they
+were being  removed by  the Japanese,  causing much loss  of life.  It was
+stated  that the  explosions  killed  two officers  and  eight men,  while
+one  officer  and  fifty-six  men  were injured.  The  Germans  also  used
+hand-grenades, as  shown in our photograph.  These appear to have  been of
+the improvised "jam-tin" type such as has been employed in the trenches in
+Flanders  "Eye-Witness" wrote  recently: "Mines  have not  played such  an
+important part  in this  mole-work as  might have  been supposed.  We have
+heard the  enemy mining and  we have tried  it ourselves, but  one strikes
+water in  this country  between seven and  eight feet  down."--[_Photo. by
+C.N._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+48--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: IN SHELTERS SUGGESTING A ROW OF MINIATURE RAILWAY-ARCHES!
+GERMANS IN THEIR "RABBIT-WARRENS" IN THE ARGONNE.]
+
+"In  the Argonne  we  beat  back the  enemy's  attacks  and preserved  our
+front." That  is a typical announcement  one constantly sees in  the Paris
+_communiqués_ recording events in the  district where the photograph given
+above was taken. Special interest being taken in the fighting in Flanders,
+one rather  overlooks the give-and-take  warfare being carried  on further
+east, where  siege-trench fighting like that  on the Aisne still  goes on.
+There the  Germans occupy deeply  dug lines which  are largely made  up of
+underground  galleries partly  natural, partly  artificial, in  character,
+as  our  photograph shows.  When  the  French  artillery fire  is  severe,
+the  Germans  scuttle like  rabbits  into  their  burrows, coming  out  to
+man  the  trenches in  front  immediately  the  French infantry  begin  to
+approach.--[_Photo. by C.N._]
+
+==========================================================================
+
+London: Published Weekly at the Office,  172, Strand, in the Parish of St.
+Clement  Danes, in  the county  of London,  by <sc>The  Illustrated London
+News  and  Sketch,  Ltd.</sc>,  172, Strand,  aforesaid;  and  Printed  by
+<sc>The  Illustrated  London News  and  Sketch,  Ltd.</sc>, Milford  Lane,
+W.C.--<sc>Wednesday, Dec. 30, 1914.</sc>
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+
+  ========================================================================
+  To ensure a regular supply of  the following papers, the Publisher would
+  be glad if you  would sign the order (or orders) below  and send to your
+  Railway Bookstall or Local Newsagent.
+  ========================================================================
+                                     :
+                                     :  _To Messrs._ _____________________
+  _To Messrs._ _____________________ :
+                                     :  __________________________________
+                                     :
+  __________________________________ :  _Please supply me each week with a
+                                     :  copy of_ THE SKETCH.
+  _Please supply me each  week  with :  __________________________________
+  a copy of_ THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON  :
+  NEWS.                              :  __________________________________
+  __________________________________ :....................................
+                                     :
+                                     :  _To Messrs._ _____________________
+  __________________________________ :
+                                     :  __________________________________
+                                     :
+  __________________________________ :  _Please supply me each week during
+                                     :  the War with a copy of_
+                                     :  THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS.
+  __________________________________ :  __________________________________
+                                     :
+                                     :  __________________________________
+  ...................................:....................................
+
+  _To Messrs._ _____________________    __________________________________
+
+                _Please supply me with a copy of each of the
+                       above =3= papers every week._
+  __________________________________    __________________________________
+  ========================================================================
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+N.B.--This  Leaflet must  be Removed  before Posting  this Number  of "The
+Illustrated War News."
+
+
+[Illustration: _Photo. Newspaper Illustrations_
+
+LIEUTENANT THE PRINCE OF WALES, AIDE-DE-CAMP TO SIR JOHN FRENCH, AT THE
+FRONT: H.R.H. DRIVING HIS OWN CAR, WITH PRINCE ALEXANDER OF TECK AS
+PASSENGER.]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--III
+
+  ========================================================================
+                                    |   CLOSELY IN TOUCH WITH EVERYTHING
+          Read 'THE SKETCH.'        |        OCCURRING AT THE FRONT
+                                    |
+                                    |                THE
+     ____________\|/____________    |       Illustrated London News
+                                    |       ==========//===========
+     "The Sketch" treats a          |
+      side of the War upon          |   Guarantees that all its Drawings
+      which the other Illustrated   |    and Photographs are Authentic.
+      Weekly Newspapers             |
+      do not touch.                 |                THE
+     ___________________________    |       Illustrated London News
+                 /|\                |       ==========//===========
+                                    |
+                                    | has the Finest Staff of War Artists
+          Read 'THE SKETCH.'        |           in the World.
+                                    |
+          _Every Wednesday._        |   SIXPENCE WEEKLY (Every Friday).
+                                    |
+            6d. ===== 6d.           | PUBLISHING OFFICE:
+                                    | 172, STRAND, W.C.
+                                    |
+         PUBLISHING OFFICE:         |           EDITORIAL OFFICE:
+      172, STRAND. LONDON, W.C.     |           MILFORD LANE, STRAND, W.C.
+  ========================================================================
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--IV
+
+  ========================================================================
+
+                    The Most Economical Food for your Baby
+                        is either Breast Milk or Glaxo
+
+  Pure, easily digestible milk is the only food suitable for a young baby,
+  and contains  everything baby needs.  That is  why, if Baby  cannot have
+  breast milk,  he _must_ have  Glaxo, which  is milk enriched  with extra
+  cream made  pure and easily digestible.  It costs you but  a trifle more
+  than  ordinary milk,  and  is  not only  the  one  safe alternative  for
+  breast-milk, but  is also more  economical than  foods which have  to be
+  mixed with  milk to make them  nourishing. Glaxo can be  given either in
+  turn with breast-milk or as the sole food from birth.
+
+      Breast  milk  does  not  contain    and   purity   are   permanently
+      Starch,  Flour,   Malt  or  Cane    retained  by the  Glaxo Process,
+      Sugar,  _neither   does  Glaxo_.    which dries  the milk  and cream
+      Glaxo  is  entirely pure,  fresh    to  a  powder  and  also  causes
+      milk, enriched  with extra cream    the nourishing curd  of the milk
+      and  milk-sugar.  Only the  very    subsequently to form into light,
+      best  milk is  made into  Glaxo,    flaky particles  easily digested
+      and, so  that it shall  be quite    by  even a  very weak  baby. _As
+      fresh,  the  milk  is  delivered    a  well-known doctor  has said_:
+      to  the Glaxo  factory within  a    "Glaxo is superior to (ordinary)
+      few  hours  of its  being  drawn    cow's  milk  for infants,  being
+      from the cow, and is immediately    so  much  more  digestible,  and
+      pasteurised and filtered and the    should be  absolutely invaluable
+      necessary  cream and  milk-sugar    to  mothers who  for any  reason
+      added. All the natural sweetness    cannot suckle their infants."
+
+  --------------------------------------  (Signed) ---- M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.
+  : [Illustration]                     :
+  :                                    :  In  preparing Glaxo--you  simply
+  :                                    :  add  boiling water.  No cooking;
+  :                                    :  no elaborate mixing;  no risk of
+  :                                    :  making  a  serious  mistake;  no
+  :                                    :  delay--so  that  baby  does  not
+  :                                    :  become angry  and screaming with
+  :                                    :  increasing hunger. Milk or cream
+  :                                    :  is  not required,  because Glaxo
+  :                                    :  itself  is  milk and  cream,  so
+  :                                    :  there is  no heavy milk  bill to
+  :                                    :  pay.
+  :                                    :
+  :                                    :         _Ask your Doctor!_
+  :                                    :
+  --------------------------------------              =GLAXO=
+
+    _Awarded Gold Medal, International Medical Congress Exhibition, 1913.
+                     By Appointment to the Court of Spain._
+
+                           "=Builds Bonnie Babies="
+
+                            _Glaxo is All-British_
+
+                      GLAXO BABY BOOK FREE: TRIAL TIN 3d.
+
+  Sent on request by
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+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<title>
+The Project Gutenberg eBook of
+The Illustrated War News, Part 21, December 30, 1914,
+by Various.
+</title>
+
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+
+body { margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; }
+html,body {height: 100%;}
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { text-align: center; }
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+ The drawback here is that poetry lines are not tightly vertically spaced.
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+p.i         { margin:0; padding:0; }
+p.i2        { text-indent: 2em; }
+/*
+ The large double page borders (boundary)
+*/
+.pagebound  { border: medium double gray; padding: 1.5%; margin: 0; width: 100%; clear: both; }
+/*
+ Page number markings for left, right, and center
+ (center is used on inside front cover, and inside/outside back cover)
+*/
+.pg-l { text-align:left;  margin:3em 0 0 0;padding:0;text-indent:0;font-size:70%; clear: both; }
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+.pg-c { text-align:center;margin:3em 0 0 0;padding:0;text-indent:0;font-size:70%; clear: both; }
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+/*
+ Advertisments styles. These are mostly intended for ad text paragraphs.
+*/
+.ad-center  { text-indent: 0em; text-align: center;  font-size: 70%; }
+.ad-left    { text-indent: 0em; text-align: left;    font-size: 70%; }
+.ad-right   { text-indent: 0em; text-align: right;   font-size: 70%; }
+.ad-just    { text-indent: 0em; text-align: justify; font-size: 70%; margin: 1% 3% 1% 3%; }
+/*
+ Front Cover table classes for publication info.
+*/
+td.hl { vertical-align: top; width: 25%; font-size: 70%; text-align: left; }
+td.hc { vertical-align: top; width: 50%; font-size: 70%; text-align: center; }
+td.hr { vertical-align: top; width: 25%; font-size: 70%; text-align: right; }
+
+.sc { font-variant: small-caps; }
+
+/*
+ Special div for ordering sheet
+*/
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+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Illustrated War News, Number 21, Dec.
+30, 1914, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Illustrated War News, Number 21, Dec. 30, 1914
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: May 7, 2006 [EBook #18334]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, David Garcia and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<!-- OUTER FRONT COVER -->
+
+<h1>
+THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS
+<br />
+PART 21
+</h1>
+
+<table border="0" width="100%" summary="cover header">
+<tr>
+<td class="hl">   N.B.&mdash;REMOVE INSETTED LEAFLET BEFORE POSTING THIS ISSUE. </td>
+<td class="hc">   <b>EACH NUMBER COMPLETE IN ITSELF</b>  </td>
+<td class="hr">      THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS <br />DEC. 30, 1914                   </td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<img src="images/cover.jpg" width="100%"
+alt="THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS PART 21" >
+
+<table border="0" width="100%" summary="cover footer">
+<tr>
+<td class="hl"> <b>PRICE SIXPENCE: BY INLAND POST, SIXPENCE HALFPENNY.</b> </td>
+<td></td>
+<td class="hr"> <b>PUBLISHING OFFICE: 172, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.</b>        </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size: 65%;">
+REGISTERED AS A NEWSPAPER FOR TRANSMISSION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM,
+AND TO CANADA AND NEWFOUNDLAND BY MAGAZINE POST.
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<!-- INNER FRONT COVER -->
+
+<p class="pg-c"><i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21]&mdash;II</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<!-- LEFT AD -->
+
+<div class="fullcap" style="border: none;">
+<div class="half-l" style="border: 2px solid gray;" >
+
+
+<h2 style="line-height: 1.5em;">
+THE<br />
+Illustrated War News
+</h2>
+
+<p class="ad-center">
+<i>PUBLISHED ON WEDNESDAY MORNINGS&mdash;SIXPENCE.</i>
+</p>
+
+<div style="margin-left:35%; margin-right: 35%;">
+<img src="images/wn21-ii.png" style="width: 100%; clear: both;" alt="========" >
+</div>
+
+<p class="ad-center">
+Part 12 Completed the First Volume<br />
+of "The Illustrated War News."
+</p>
+
+<h2 style="line-height: 2em;">
+<u>A HANDSOME<br />
+BINDING COVER</u><br />
+for VOLUME I.
+</h2>
+<h3>
+IN HALF-MOROCCO
+</h3>
+
+<p class="ad-center">
+NOW READY, to hold <b>12</b> Parts of this Popular Publication.
+</p>
+<p class="ad-center">
+<b>Price 3/- with Title-page.</b> <i>Post free 3d. extra.</i>
+</p>
+<p class="ad-center">
+Or can be obtained through all Newsagents and Railway Bookstalls.
+</p>
+<p class="ad-center">
+<b>The COMPLETE VOLUME, Beautifully Bound in Half-Morocco, Price 10/6</b>
+</p>
+
+<div style="margin-left:35%; margin-right: 35%;">
+<img src="images/wn21-ii.png" style="width: 100%; clear: both;" alt="========" >
+</div>
+
+<p class="ad-center">
+<i>Publishing Office: 172, Strand, W.C. Editorial Office: Milford Lane, Strand, W.C.</i>
+</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- RIGHT AD -->
+
+<div class="half-r" style="border: 2px solid gray; background: url(images/ad-back.png);" >
+
+<div style="color: inherit; background-color: #ffffff; border: 5px solid black; padding: 1%; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 2%;">
+
+<h2 style="text-align: left; color: inherit; background-color: #ffffff; margin-left: -1.5em; padding: 3px;">
+<b>Player's Navy Cut</b>
+</h2>
+<p class="ad-center" style="color: inherit; background-color: #ffffff;">
+<b>Tobacco and Cigarettes</b>
+<br />
+<b>FOR THE TROOPS.</b>
+<br />
+&nbsp;
+<br />
+From all quarters we hear the same simple request:
+<br />
+"SEND US TOBACCO AND CIGARETTES"
+</p>
+
+<p class="ad-left" style="color: inherit; background-color: #ffffff;">
+  <b>TROOPS AT HOME                                       (Duty Paid)</b>
+</p>
+<p class="ad-just" style="color: inherit; background-color: #ffffff;">
+  It would be well if those wishing to send Tobacco or Cigarettes to
+  our soldiers would remember those still in Great Britain. There are
+  thousands of Regulars and Territorials awaiting orders and in sending
+  a present now you are assured of reaching your man.
+</p>
+<p class="ad-just" style="color: inherit; background-color: #ffffff;">
+  Supplies may be obtained from the usual trade sources and we shall be
+  glad to furnish any information on application.
+</p>
+<p class="ad-left" style="color: inherit; background-color: #ffffff;">
+  <b>TROOPS AT THE FRONT                                  (Duty Free)</b>
+</p>
+<p class="ad-just" style="color: inherit; background-color: #ffffff;">
+  John Player &amp; Sons, Nottingham, will (through the Proprietors for
+  Export, The British-American Tobacco Co., Ltd.) be pleased to arrange
+  for supplies of these world-renowned Brands to be forwarded to the
+  Front at Duty Free Rates.
+</p>
+
+<p class="ad-center" style="color: inherit; background-color: #ffffff;">
+<b>JOHN PLAYER &amp; SONS,</b>
+<br />
+<b>Castle Tobacco Factory, Nottingham.</b>
+<br />
+P.438 Branch of The Imperial Tobacco Co. (of Gt. Britain &amp; Ireland), Ltd.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+ <img src="images/players.gif" style="width: 30%; margin-top: -1.5em; margin-left: 5%;"
+ alt="" >
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- END INSIDE COVER -->
+
+
+<p class="pg-r"><i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21]&mdash;1</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<h2>The Illustrated War News.</h2>
+
+<img src="images/wn21-01.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="ONE OF THE BRITISH SHIPS WHICH SANK VON SPEE'S SQUADRON OFF THE
+FALKLANDS: THE BATTLE-CRUISER &quot;INVINCIBLE&quot;" ><br />
+<p style="text-align: right; font-size: 75%; padding: 0; margin: 0;">
+<i>Photo. Cribb.</i>
+</p>
+<p style="text-align: center;">
+ONE OF THE BRITISH SHIPS WHICH SANK VON SPEE'S SQUADRON OFF THE
+FALKLANDS: THE BATTLE-CRUISER "INVINCIBLE"
+</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<p class="pg-l">2&mdash;<i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21].</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+
+<h2>THE GREAT WAR.</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>
+In reviewing the events of the last week throughout the world-wide area of
+war, let  us begin with the  Dark Continent, where everything  went in our
+favour&mdash;very brilliantly  so. First of  all, then, we  may now be  said to
+have  completed our  conquest of  the  German Cameroon  country by  taking
+possession of the whole of the railway which runs northward from Bonabari,
+and is now in  the hands of our troops. A similar fate  is reserved, at no
+distant date, for German South  Africa, against which General Botha&mdash;a man
+no less brave  and dashing as a soldier than  sagacious as a statesman&mdash;is
+preparing to  lead a  conquering force. Having  stamped out  the rebellion
+within the  Union itself&mdash;crushing it  literally like a beetle&mdash;he  is now
+addressing himself to  the task&mdash;a harder one, perhaps,  but still certain
+of achievement&mdash;of making  an end of the bad neighbourhood  of the Germans
+in  the vast  region  forming the  Hinterland of  Lüderitz  Bay, which  is
+already in  our possession, and  rendering it  impossible for them  in the
+future to  intrigue from that quarter  against the peace and  stability of
+the  Union. The  court-martialling  and prompt  execution  at Pretoria  of
+the  rebel leader,  Captain Fourie,  shows  what the  Union Government  is
+minded  to do  <i>pour décourager  les autres</i>.  The rebellion  was promptly
+and  energetically suppressed&mdash;though  not without  a Union  loss of  334,
+including  more  than  100  deaths;  while in  German  South  Africa,  the
+casualties had also risen to a total of some 370. The rebels had more than
+170 killed,  over 300 wounded, and  5500 prisoners&mdash;which was thus  a very
+creditable bit of  work, as brilliant as it was  brief, in the rounding-up
+of rebels against the unity of the Empire.
+</p>
+
+<div style="width: 100%;">
+
+<div style="float:left; width: 30%; padding-right:5%; margin:0;">
+<img src="images/wn21-02a.jpg" style="width: 100%;"
+alt="SPOKESMAN OF FRENCH DETERMINATION: M. VIVIANI, PREMIER OF FRANCE." >
+<p style="text-indent: 0em; font-size: 75%;line-height: 1em; margin-top: 0em;">
+SPOKESMAN OF FRENCH DETERMINATION: M. VIVIANI, PREMIER OF FRANCE.
+</p>
+<p style="text-indent: 0em; font-size: 75%;line-height: 1em;">
+At the opening of the French Chamber on the 22nd, M. Viviani, the Premier,
+expressed the national  resolve to continue the war till  the cause of the
+Allies is won.&mdash;[<i>Photo. Topical.</i>]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- CENTER IMAGE -->
+<div style="float:left; width: 30%; padding-right:5%; margin:0;">
+<img src="images/wn21-02b.jpg" style="width: 100%; margin: 0%;"
+alt="APPOINTED COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF AT THE NORE: ADMIRAL CALLAGHAN.">
+<p style="text-indent: 0em; font-size: 75%; margin-top: 0em;">
+APPOINTED COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF AT THE NORE: ADMIRAL CALLAGHAN.
+</p>
+<p style="text-indent: 0em; font-size: 75%;">
+Admiral Sir George Callaghan was Commander-in-Chief of the Home Fleet from
+1911  till the  war began.  He has  since  been on  the War  Staff at  the
+Admiralty.&mdash;[<i>Photo. Heath.</i>]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div style="float:left; width: 30%; padding:0; margin:0;">
+<img src="images/wn21-02c.jpg" style="width: 100%;"
+alt="GERMAN PRAISE OF THE BRITISH SOLDIER: GENERAL VON HEERINGEN." >
+<p style="text-indent: 0em; font-size: 75%; line-height: 1em; margin-top: 0em;">
+GERMAN PRAISE OF THE BRITISH SOLDIER: GENERAL VON HEERINGEN.
+</p>
+<p style="text-indent: 0em; font-size: 75%;line-height: 1em;">
+Interviewed recently, General von  Heeringen said: "The English first-line
+troops are  splendid soldiers, experienced  and very tough,  especially on
+the defensive."&mdash;[<i>Photo. Bain.</i>]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p style="clear:both;">
+Quite  of a  piece with  the doing  of this  job in  South Africa  was the
+disposal  of  another overt  enemy  against  our  authority at  the  other
+extremity of the Dark Continent&mdash;in the  person of the Khedive, Abbas II.,
+who has  now been replaced  by Prince Hussein  Kamel Pasha as  the nominal
+Sultan of Egypt&mdash;under our protection and power. No change of the kind was
+ever  brought about  with so  much  statesmanlike wisdom  and such  little
+friction,  or with  so much  hearty  approval from  all sides&mdash;except,  of
+course, that of the Turks and their German backers, for whom the change of
+regime,  effected as  it  was by  a  simple stroke  of  Sir Edward  Grey's
+masterly pen,  was a most painful  slap. The exchange of  messages between
+King  George  and Prince  Hussein&mdash;one  promising  unfailing support,  and
+the  other unfailing  allegiance&mdash;completed  the transaction,  one of  the
+greatest triumphs of British statesmanship, compared with which the recent
+statecraft of the Germans is mere  amateur bungling. Marshal von der Goltz
+Pasha, who has now exchanged his  Governorship of Belgium for the position
+of chief  military counsellor on the  Bosphorus, will find it  harder than
+ever&mdash;with  his rabble  army under  Djemal Pasha&mdash;to  "liberate" from  the
+British yoke the people of Egypt, who have already shown that they no more
+yearn for  such emancipation than  our loyal fellow-subjects in  India.
+<!-- Next sentence spliced down to continuation page -->
+</p>
+
+<p class="continued">
+(<i>Continued overleaf.</i>)
+</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-r"><i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21]&mdash;3</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+ <div class="half-l">
+ <img src="images/wn21-03a.jpg" class="half-r"
+ alt="CHRISTMAS DECORATIONS ON A BRITISH WAR-SHIP: EVERGREENS FOR THE MASTHEAD." >
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="half-r">
+ <img src="images/wn21-03b.jpg" class="half-r"
+ alt="THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE GRAND FLEET AT SEA: ADMIRAL JELLICOE." >
+ </div>
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<div class="half-l">
+ <p class="caption">
+CHRISTMAS DECORATIONS ON A BRITISH WAR-SHIP: EVERGREENS FOR THE MASTHEAD.
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class="half-r">
+<p class="caption">
+THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE GRAND FLEET AT SEA: ADMIRAL JELLICOE.
+</p>
+</div>
+<p>
+Christmas celebrations in the Navy were naturally curtailed this year, but
+even in  time of war  the festival is observed  to some extent,  under the
+limitations caused by  the necessity of being ready  for immediate action.
+That the Navy  did not allow Christmas festivities to  interfere with duty
+is shown by  the brilliant air-raid on Cuxhaven on  Christmas morning. The
+Grand  Fleet which  keeps  its silent  watch on  the  seas, under  Admiral
+Jellicoe, did not, we may be sure,  relax any of its vigilance. One of the
+Christmas customs  in the Navy  is to  decorate the mastheads  with holly,
+mistletoe, or evergreens. The mess-room tables are also decorated, and the
+officers walk in  procession through the messes, the  Captain sampling the
+fare.&mdash;[<i>Photos. by Newspaper Illustrations and Alfieri.</i>]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-l">4&mdash;<i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21].</p>
+
+<div class="overall" style="border: medium double gray; padding: 1.5%;">
+
+<div style="width: 70%; padding: 2% 2% 2% 0%; float:left;">
+<img src="images/wn21-04.jpg" style="width: 100%; border: 2px solid gray; padding: 1%;"
+alt="A GERMAN ISLAND ADDED TO THE EMPIRE BY THE AUSTRALIAN
+FORCES: READING THE BRITISH PROCLAMATION AT RABAUL, NEU POMMERN." >
+<p style="text-indent: 0em; font-size: 75%; margin-top: 0em;">
+A GERMAN ISLAND ADDED TO THE EMPIRE BY THE AUSTRALIAN
+FORCES: READING THE BRITISH PROCLAMATION AT RABAUL, NEU POMMERN.
+</p>
+<p style="text-indent: 0em; font-size: 75%;">
+The Australian Squadron arrived at Herbertshöhe, Neu Pommern, on September
+11. After some fighting, the Germans surrendered, and, two days later, the
+Union Jack was hoisted at Rabaul, the German capital. The proclamation was
+read  by Major  Francis Heritage  (facing Colonel  W. Holmes,  the central
+figure in the  photograph). For the benefit of the  natives an address was
+given in  amusing "pidgin" English  (see the  "Times,"  November  16). Neu
+Pommern (formerly New Britain) is just east of New Guinea.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<p style="text-indent:0;">
+At Constantinople  it  was given  out  that  the  <i>Messudiyeh</i>, sunk  by  one
+<!-- above half-sentence spliced from continuation page -->
+of our  submarines in  the Dardanelles,  had simply been  the victim  of a
+"leak"; but  so serious was  this little "rift  within the lute"  that its
+author,  Lieut.-Commander  Holbrook, R.N.,  was  awarded  a V.C.  for  his
+splendid deed  of daring&mdash;a  very different  kind of  act from  the German
+bombardment of undefended towns on our  East Coast, which caused our First
+Lord of the Admiralty to write  to the Mayor of Scarborough&mdash;and his words
+deserve  to  be here  repeated  and  recorded&mdash;that "nothing  proves  more
+plainly the  effectiveness of  British naval pressure  than the  frenzy of
+hatred aroused  against us in the  breasts of the enemy....  Their hate is
+the measure of  their fear.... Whatever feats of arms  the German Navy may
+hereafter  perform, the  stigma of  the baby-killers  of Scarborough  will
+brand its officers and men while sailors sail the seas."
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Other  attempts  at  "frightful  frightfulness"   on  the  part  of  these
+"baby-killers"  were  a  couple  of aeroplane  raids&mdash;of  which  the  base
+was  probably  Ostend&mdash;carried out  on  Christmas  Eve and  Christmas  Day
+respectively&mdash;against Dover and Sheerness. It must be owned that they were
+decidedly daring,  yet in the nature  of damp-squib affairs, as  it turned
+out. In the case of Dover, the  bomb dropped was probably intended for the
+Castle&mdash;a pretty conspicuous target, though all  it did was to disturb the
+soil of  a cabbage-garden, and  excite the pursuit  of several of  our own
+air-craft, which  lost their  seaward-soaring quarry  in the  fog brooding
+over the Channel; while in the case of the Sheerness invader, on Christmas
+Day, which made  its appearance just as the visitors  at Southend over the
+water  were about  to sit  down to  their turkey  and plum-pudding&mdash;little
+dreaming of  the extra  dish of enjoyment  which was thus  to be  added to
+their menu&mdash;it was at once tackled, as at Dover, by some of our own airmen
+and pelted  with shot, being hit  three or four times;  though this aerial
+intruder also  managed, in  the mist, to  show a clean  pair of  heels, or
+wings,  and make  off  eastward.  These were  the  German  replies to  our
+bomb-dropping raids on Düsseldorf and Friedrichs-hafen, and intended to be
+a foretaste of  what we may expect in the  shape of German "frightfulness"
+as prompted by the "insensate hatred" referred to by Mr. Churchill.
+</p>
+<p>
+Daring enough in themselves, those German visitations seemed insignificant
+by  comparison  with  the  raids  which  were  being  carried  out  almost
+simultaneously on the other  side of the sea by our  own naval airmen. For
+while the German aeroplanist was helping to dig a cabbage garden at Dover,
+one of  our Squadron-Commanders&mdash;R.B. Davies, R.N.&mdash;from  a Maurice-Farman
+biplane  was  much more  profitably  engaged  in  dropping a  dozen  bombs
+on  a  Zeppelin shed  at  Brussels&mdash;causing  "clouds  of smoke"  to  arise
+therefrom&mdash;most probably from the flames of the incendiarised air-ship.
+</p>
+
+<p class="continued">
+[<i>Continued overleaf</i>.
+</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-r"><i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21]&mdash;5</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-05.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="THE AIR-RAID ON GERMAN WAR-SHIPS OFF CUXHAVEN: BRITISH
+SEA-PLANES, SISTERS TO THOSE WHICH TOOK PART IN THE BRILLIANT EXPLOIT." >
+<div class="fullcap">
+<p class="caption">
+THE AIR-RAID ON GERMAN WAR-SHIPS OFF CUXHAVEN: BRITISH
+SEA-PLANES, SISTERS TO THOSE WHICH TOOK PART IN THE BRILLIANT EXPLOIT.
+</p>
+<p>
+The sea-planes came  into great prominence, for the first  time during the
+war, on Christmas Day, when seven  of them attacked German war-ships lying
+in Schillig  Roads, off Cuxhaven. The  attack started from a  point in the
+vicinity of Heligoland, and the air-craft were escorted by a light-cruiser
+and destroyer force, together with submarines. The enemy put up a fight by
+means  of two  Zeppelins,  three  or  four  bomb-dropping sea-planes,  and
+several submarines.  Six out  of the  seven pilots  returned safely&mdash;three
+were  re-embarked by  our  ships,  and three  were  picked  up by  British
+submarines.  Flight-Commander Francis  E.T.  Hewlett,  R.N., was  reported
+missing. In  our first  photograph a  sea-plane is  being conveyed  to her
+parent  ship;  in the  second  and  third,  sea-planes are  being  hoisted
+aboard.&mdash;[<i>Photos. by S. and G.</i>]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-l">6&mdash;<i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21].</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<div style="width: 50%; padding: 2% 0% 2% 2%; float:right;">
+<img src="images/wn21-06a.jpg" style="width: 100%; border: none; padding: 1%;"
+alt="MUCH USED AGAINST SOUTH AFRICAN REBELS: A TRUCK OF AN ARMOURED TRAIN, AT BLOEMFONTEIN.">
+<p style="text-indent: 0em; font-size: 75%; margin-top: 0em;">
+MUCH USED AGAINST SOUTH AFRICAN REBELS: A TRUCK OF AN
+ARMOURED TRAIN, AT BLOEMFONTEIN.
+</p>
+<p style="text-indent: 0em; font-size: 75%;">
+Armoured  trains worked  by the  South  African Engineer  Corps have  done
+useful service  in the  operations against  the rebels.  The truck  in the
+photograph, it will be seen, is loop-holed.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+But  that  was  nothing  to  the  Christmas  Day  feat  of  seven  of  our
+sea-planes&mdash;one for  every day  of the  week&mdash;which, accompanied  by light
+cruisers  and  destroyers, with  several  submarines,  made a  daring  and
+unparalleled attack  on Cuxhaven, at  the mouth  of the Elbe,  and several
+war-ships  lying at  anchor  there&mdash;unparalleled, by  reason  of the  fact
+that  this was  the first  "combined  assault of  all arms"  known to  the
+sea&mdash;namely, from  the air, the water,  and from under the  water. Both at
+Yarmouth and Scarborough the German  bombarding cruisers were so nervously
+afraid of  being caught in the  act that they  may almost be said  to have
+only fired their guns and then run  away again. But our triple flotilla at
+the mouth of the Elbe spent a deliberate three hours in the performance of
+its task,  and then  calmly withdrew  with only one  of the  daring pilots
+missing. So far,  it was the most  thrilling episode of the  war, and must
+give our enemies "furiously to think," in addition to furnishing them with
+much more  for the  nourishment of  their hate.  Of this  insensate hatred
+against us  in the hearts  of the German  people&mdash;and all because  we have
+"queered their  pitch," or  crossed their  long-cherished schemes  for the
+destruction of  our Empire&mdash;the  most furious  exponent is  the <i>Kölnische
+Zeitung</i>,  or  <i>Cologne  Gazette</i>,  as we  generally  call  it&mdash;which  may
+be  described, on  the  whole,  as the  most  authoritative  organ of  the
+Fatherland&mdash;or the <i>Times</i>  of Germany, but always with  a difference. The
+curious anomaly is that the seat of this powerful journal should be so far
+away  from  the capital&mdash;at  Cologne.  There  is  an old  story&mdash;known  to
+tourists who read  their guide-books&mdash;about the "Three  Kings of Cologne,"
+but now  this story has just  received a pendant which  gives anything but
+satisfaction at Cologne itself or anywhere else in Germany.
+</p>
+<!-- PARTIAL PARAGRAPH SPLICED DOWN -->
+<p class="continued">
+[<i>Continued overleaf</i>.
+</p>
+
+ <div class="half-l">
+ <img src="images/wn21-06b.jpg" class="half-r"
+ alt="MEN WHO UNDERGO GREAT HARDSHIPS IN THEIR PURSUIT OF REBELS: A BIVOUAC OF SOUTH AFRICAN LOYALISTS." >
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="half-r">
+ <img src="images/wn21-06c.jpg" class="half-r"
+ alt="WHERE &quot;REGIMENTS HAD BEEN RAISED AS IF BY A WIZARD'S WAND&quot;: GENERAL SMUTS SPEAKING AT JOHANNESBURG." >
+ </div>
+
+
+<div class="fullcap" style="border: none;">
+
+<div class="half-l">
+<p style="text-indent: 0em; font-size: 75%; margin-top: 0em;">
+MEN WHO UNDERGO GREAT HARDSHIPS IN THEIR PURSUIT OF
+REBELS: A BIVOUAC OF SOUTH AFRICAN LOYALISTS.
+</p>
+<p style="text-indent: 0em; font-size: 75%;">
+Our correspondent  writes: "After a  long chase they find  themselves very
+often forty miles from the convoy, nothing to eat for man or beast, and in
+a country destitute of food."
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="half-r">
+<p style="text-indent: 0em; font-size: 75%; margin-top: 0em;">
+WHERE "REGIMENTS HAD BEEN RAISED AS IF BY A WIZARD'S
+WAND": GENERAL SMUTS SPEAKING AT JOHANNESBURG.
+</p>
+<p style="text-indent: 0em; font-size: 75%;">
+General Smuts, South African Minister of Defence, said recently that there
+had been a magnificent response to the call to arms. On the Rand regiments
+had been raised as if by a magician's wand.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-r"><i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21]&mdash;7</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-07.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="AMENITIES OF MOLE WARFARE SATIRISED: A FRENCH CARICATURIST'S SKIT ON THE &quot;LUXURIES&quot; OF LIFE IN THE TRENCHES." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+<p class="caption">
+AMENITIES OF MOLE WARFARE SATIRISED: A FRENCH
+CARICATURIST'S SKIT ON THE "LUXURIES" OF LIFE IN THE TRENCHES.
+</p>
+<p>
+Both the  French and British  troops have made the  best of things  in the
+siege-warfare of the  trenches, and out of an initial  condition of misery
+have managed to  evolve a considerable amount of comfort  in many parts of
+the front. Ingenious French engineers,  for example, have constructed warm
+shower-baths, hair-dressing  saloons, and similar conveniences,  while the
+British "Eye-Witness"  was able to write  recently of our own  lines: "The
+trenches themselves  are heated  by braziers and  stoves and  floored with
+straw, bricks and  boards. Behind them are shelters and  dug-outs of every
+description most  ingeniously contrived." The above  French cartoon, which
+is  from "La  Vie Parisienne,"  is  headed "La  Guerre des  Taubes et  des
+Taupes" (moles).
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p class="pg-l">8&mdash;<i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21].</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<div style="width: 40%; padding: 2% 2% 2% 0%; float:left;">
+<img src="images/wn21-08a.jpg" style="width: 100%; border: 2px solid gray; padding: 1%;"
+alt="TYPICAL OF THOSE USED BY GERMAN AIR-CRAFT DURING THE WAR: A BOMB RECENTLY DROPPED FROM AN AEROPLANE INTO WARSAW.">
+<p style="text-indent: 0em; font-size: 75%; margin-top: 0em;">
+TYPICAL OF THOSE USED BY GERMAN AIR-CRAFT DURING THE WAR:
+A BOMB RECENTLY DROPPED FROM AN AEROPLANE INTO WARSAW.
+</p>
+<p style="text-indent: 0em; font-size: 75%;">
+German air-craft have  lately been active in the  neighbourhood of Warsaw,
+the great objective  of the German Eastern Armies. Our  photograph shows a
+bomb after it had fallen into the city.
+</p>
+<p style="text-align:right; font-size: 75%;">
+<i>Photograph by Illus. Bureau.</i>
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+This was the  recent meeting, not at  Cologne, but at Malmö,  of the three
+Kings of Scandinavia&mdash;Denmark, Sweden, and Norway&mdash;who lunched, and dined,
+and debated  together for several days,  when it was at  last announced to
+the world at  large (and Germany in particular)  that "their deliberations
+had not  only consolidated the  good relations between the  three Northern
+<!-- PARAGRAPH SPLICED FROM ABOVE PAGE -->
+kingdoms,  but that  an agreement  had  also been  reached concerning  the
+special  questions raised"&mdash;a  result which  must have  been anything  but
+agreeable  to  the  War-Lord  of  Potsdam,  who  had  been  thirsting  for
+<i>Weltmacht</i>, or world-dominion, and casting about to pave the way for this
+result by absorbing the minor States  of Northern Europe&mdash;as a shark would
+open its voracious jaws to swallow down a shoal of minnows, or other small
+fry. That this was a prominent plank in the platform of German policy must
+be clear to all  who have read the diplomatic revelations  of the last few
+months; but  now the "Three Kings  of Scandinavia," going one  better than
+their storied colleagues of Cologne, have shown that they are as obtuse to
+the blandishments of Berlin as the journalists of New York and Chicago.
+</p>
+<p>
+According to all accounts, the Allied position in the west, especially the
+British section thereof, is  as "safe as the Bank of  England," to use the
+words  of one  of  our officers  already quoted;  and  though the  Kaiser,
+recovered from his illness, has again returned to the front&mdash;or, at least.
+the distant rear of the front&mdash;he does not seem to have much refreshed the
+offensive  spirit of  his armies.  Nevertheless, the  French <i>communiqués</i>
+have suffered  from no great diminution  in the daily records  of sporadic
+trench-fighting all along  the Allied line&mdash;fighting of  a fluctuating, if
+on the whole  favourable, kind for the strategic plans  of General Joffre,
+as to whom, one  German officer in Belgium said that he  wished to God his
+country had such  a War Lord, seeing that, apart  from Marshal Hindenburg,
+all their Generals were only worthy of disdain.
+</p>
+
+<div style="width: 50%; padding: 2% 0% 2% 2%; float:right;">
+<img src="images/wn21-08b.jpg" style="width: 100%; border: 2px solid gray; padding: 1%;"
+alt="A PRINCELY INDIAN GIFT: MOTOR-AMBULANCES PRESENTED TO THE KING FOR THE FORCES BY THE MAHARAJA SCINDIA OF GWALIOR.">
+<p style="text-indent: 0em; font-size: 75%; margin-top: 0em;">
+A PRINCELY INDIAN GIFT: MOTOR-AMBULANCES PRESENTED TO THE
+KING FOR THE FORCES BY THE MAHARAJA SCINDIA OF GWALIOR.
+</p>
+<p style="text-indent: 0em; font-size: 75%;">
+The  Maharaja  Scindia's  munificent   Christmas  gift  for  the  soldiers
+and  sailors  consists  of  41  ambulance-cars, 4  cars  for  officers,  5
+motor-lorries  and repair-wagons,  and  10 motor-cycles.&mdash;[<i>Photo.  Illus.
+Bureau.</i>]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+In  a telegram  to his  aunt,  the Dowager  Grand Duchess  of Baden,  only
+daughter of the old Emperor William, the Kaiser gave "God alone the glory"
+for a grand victory which was supposed to have been achieved by Hindenburg
+over the  Russians in front  of Warsaw&mdash;a  victory which caused  Berlin to
+burst out into bunting and braying  and comparisons to Salamis and Leipzig
+in its  momentous results. But  this acknowledgment  of the Kaiser  to the
+Lord  of  Hosts,  "our  old  ally of  Rossbach"&mdash;which  must  surely  have
+inspired  Hindenburg himself  with  a  feeling of  jealousy  and sense  of
+soreness&mdash;turned out to have been  altogether premature, and of the nature
+of shouting before they were out of the wood.
+</p>
+<p>
+For a  fortnight or so the  fighting in Poland  continued to be of  a very
+confused kind, the telegrams from both sides being most contradictory, but
+on  the whole  the  advantage  seemed to  remain  with  the Russians,  who
+recorded their victories  in very striking figures of  killed and captured
+during their  defence of several  rivers tributary  to the Vistula  on its
+left bank. Hindenburg the redoubtable&mdash;the only  General worth a rap (or a
+"damn," as  Wellington would have  said), according to the  German officer
+already  quoted&mdash;promised to  let the  Kaiser have  Warsaw as  a Christmas
+present; but,  according to all present  appearances, he is no  nearer the
+capital of Russian Poland  than his comrade von Kluck (who  is now said to
+have been superseded)  was to Paris on  the day of his  being tumbled back
+from the Marne.
+</p>
+<p style="text-align:right;">
+<span class="sc">London: December 28, 1914.</span>
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="pg-r"><i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21]&mdash;9</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-09.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="SHELLED, BURNED OUT, AND FINALLY TAKEN BY STORM: ALL THAT REMAINS OF THE FAMOUS CHÂTEAU OF VERMELLES." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+<p class="caption">
+SHELLED, BURNED OUT, AND FINALLY TAKEN BY STORM: ALL THAT
+REMAINS OF THE FAMOUS CHÂTEAU OF VERMELLES.
+</p>
+<p>
+Less than  three months ago a  charming French country mansion  amidst its
+beautiful gardens and park, all that  remained at Christmas of the Château
+of Vermelles  is the  shell here  shown. Fate made  the Château,  with the
+small adjoining  village, for upwards  of eight weeks a  disputed tactical
+point between the Germans and the Allies, a narrow strip of only 150 yards
+of ground  intervening between  the trenches.  The Germans  held Vermelles
+from  October 16  until  early  in December,  fortifying  the Château  and
+grounds. They had  to be shelled out  By October 21, the  Château was only
+smouldering walls, and French engineers were mining approaches to it. Then
+an English  heavy battery  bombarded Vermelles. Finally  the French  "in a
+very brilliant attack," stormed and took Vermelles, village and château.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-l">10&mdash;<i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21].</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+ <div class="half-l">
+ <img src="images/wn21-10a.jpg" class="half-r"
+ alt="RULER OF EGYPT, THE BRITISH PROTECTORATE: SULTAN HUSSEIN I." >
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="half-r">
+ <img src="images/wn21-10b.jpg" class="half-r"
+ alt="THE ROUTED AUSTRIAN COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF: FIELD-MARSHAL POTIOREK." >
+ </div>
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<div class="half-l">
+ <p class="caption">
+RULER OF EGYPT, THE BRITISH PROTECTORATE: SULTAN HUSSEIN I.
+</p>
+<p>
+The new Sultan of  Egypt, Prince Hussein Kamel, is sixty  years of age and
+the  eldest living  Prince  of the  family of  Mehemet  Ali, the  historic
+liberator of  Egypt from Turkish  domination. For  years past, as  head of
+various administrative  departments in Egypt,  he devoted his  energies to
+improving the lot of the natives, by  whom he is called "the Father of the
+Fellaheen."
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="half-r">
+<p class="caption">
+THE ROUTED AUSTRIAN COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF: FIELD-MARSHAL POTIOREK.
+</p>
+<p>
+General Oscar Potiorek commanded the Austrian Army invading Serbia. Elated
+at  occupying Belgrade  without firing  a shot,  he promised  his Imperial
+master  at  Vienna that  in  a  fortnight  Serbia  would be  conquered.  A
+Field-Marshal's baton  and the  highest Austrian military  decoration were
+bestowed  on  him. Within  a  week  Potiorek's  army were  fugitives.  The
+Field-Marshal is to be court-martialled.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-r"><i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21]&mdash;11</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-11.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="THE ACCUSATIONS OF OUTRAGE AND BREACHES OF THE LAWS OF
+WAR BY GERMANY: THE BRITISH COMMITTEE OF INQUIRY." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+<p class="caption">
+THE ACCUSATIONS OF OUTRAGE AND BREACHES OF THE LAWS OF
+WAR BY GERMANY: THE BRITISH COMMITTEE OF INQUIRY.
+</p>
+<p>
+On September 15, the Prime Minister announced in the House of Commons that
+he had  asked the  Home Secretary  and the  Attorney-General to  take such
+steps  as seemed  best  adapted  to provide  for  the investigation,  from
+evidence  obtainable  in  this  country, of  accusations  of  outrage  and
+breaches  of the  laws  of war  on  the part  of  Germany, This  Committee
+is  constituted of  the  Right  Hon. Viscount  Bryce,  O.M. Chairman;  the
+Right Hon.  Sir Frederick Pollock,  Professor of Jurisprudence;  the Right
+Hon.  Sir Edward  Clarke;  Sir Alfred  Hopkinson,  Vice-Chancellor of  the
+Victoria  University,  Manchester,  1900-1913;  Professor  H.A.L.  Fisher,
+Vice-Chancellor of Sheffield University; and Mr. Harold Cox, Editor of the
+"Edinburgh Review."&mdash;[<i>Photos. by Beresford,  Russell, Winter, and Elliott
+and Fry.</i>]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-l">12&mdash;<i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21].</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-12.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="&quot;DRIVEN ASHORE AND BURNT&quot;: THE &quot;EMDEN&quot; BEACHED ON NORTH
+KEELING ISLAND, AND A BOATLOAD OF PRISONERS COMING AWAY." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+"DRIVEN ASHORE AND BURNT": THE "EMDEN" BEACHED ON NORTH
+KEELING ISLAND, AND A BOATLOAD OF PRISONERS COMING AWAY.
+</p>
+<p>
+An  officer  of H.M.A.S.  "Sydney,"  which  destroyed the  German  cruiser
+"Emden"  off  the  Cocos  Islands  on   November  9,  has  given  a  vivid
+account  of the  event  in  a private  letter  recently  published in  the
+"Times."  After describing  the earlier  part  of the  action, he  writes:
+"By  now  her  three  funnels  and   her  foremast  had  been  shot  away,
+and  she  was on  fire  aft.  We turned  again,  and  after giving  her  a
+salvo  or  two with  the  starboard  guns, saw  her  run  ashore on  North
+Keeling  Island. So  at 11.20  a.m. we  ceased firing,  the action  having
+lasted  one hour  forty  minutes." Later,  the writer  of  the letter  was
+sent  in  a  cutter to  the  "Emden"  to  arrange  for the  surrender  and
+taking  off the  wounded.  "From  the number  of  men we  rescued&mdash;<i>i.e.</i>,
+150,"  he  continues,   "we  have  been  able  to   reckon  their  losses.
+</p>
+<p class="continued">
+[<i>Continued opposite.</i>
+</p>
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-r"><i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21]&mdash;13</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-13.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="BEFORE THEY ESCAPED IN &quot;A LEAKING SHIP&quot;: THE &quot;EMDEN'S&quot;
+LANDING-PARTY, WHO SAW THEIR SHIP DESTROYED (ON COCOS ISLANDS)." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+BEFORE THEY ESCAPED IN "A LEAKING SHIP": THE "EMDEN'S"
+LANDING-PARTY, WHO SAW THEIR SHIP DESTROYED (ON COCOS ISLANDS).
+</p>
+<p class="continued" style="text-align:left;">
+<i>Continued.</i>]
+</p>
+<p style="text-indent:0;">
+We  know the  number of  men who  landed at  Cocos and  got away....  They
+cannot have  lost less  than 180  men killed, with  20 men  badly wounded,
+and  about  the  same  number  slightly."  As  regards  the  fate  of  the
+German  landing-party, he  says: "Early  in the  morning we  made for  the
+cable-station, to find that the party landed by the Germans to destroy the
+station had seized a schooner and  departed. The poor devils aren't likely
+to  go far  with a  leaking ship  and the  leathers removed  from all  the
+pumps." It  may be  that the vessel  seen on the  right in  the right-hand
+photograph is the  one in which they  escaped. They had broken  up all the
+instruments at the Eastern Telegraph Cable Station, but those in charge of
+it had a duplicate set concealed.&mdash;[<i>Photos. by Illustrations Bureau.</i>]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-l">14&mdash;<i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21].</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+
+ <div class="half-l">
+ <img src="images/wn21-14a.jpg" class="half-l"
+ alt="SUBMARINE LAMPS AS PILOTS: HARBOUR CHANNELS OUTLINED IN UNDER-WATER LIGHTS." >
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="half-r">
+ <img src="images/wn21-14b.jpg" class="half-r"
+ alt="COMPRESSED AIR FOR &quot;PLUGGING&quot; HOLED SHIPS: AN INTERESTING NAVAL EXPERIMENT." >
+ </div>
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<div class="half-l">
+ <p class="caption">SUBMARINE LAMPS AS PILOTS: HARBOUR CHANNELS OUTLINED IN UNDER-WATER LIGHTS.</p>
+<p>
+We illustrate  here a system of  submerged lamps for guiding  vessels into
+port, invented by M.  Léon Dion. It consists of a  chain of electric lamps
+laid under water  to mark the navigable channel, connected  by an electric
+cable controlled  from the  shore. In  time of war,  of course,  the light
+would  be switched  on only  when a  friendly vessel  was signalled.&mdash;[<i>By
+Courtesy of the "Scientific American."</i>]
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class="half-r">
+ <p class="caption">COMPRESSED AIR FOR "PLUGGING" HOLED SHIPS: AN INTERESTING NAVAL EXPERIMENT.</p>
+<p>
+This  method of  stopping  the inrush  of  water was  tested  on the  U.S.
+battle-ship "North  Carolina." An American  naval officer wrote:  "Its use
+will  permit  us  to  repair  from  inside  all  holes  made  beneath  the
+water-line. Strong pressure is exerted  in the holed compartment; slighter
+pressure, graduated, in those adjacent (shaded darker)."&mdash;[<i>By Courtesy of
+"Popular Mechanics" Magazine, Chicago.</i>]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="pg-r"><i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21]&mdash;15</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-15.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="CHRISTMAS DAY ON BOARD SHIP IN THE NORTH SEA: THE CAPTAIN
+GOING ROUND THE MESSES &quot;TASTING THE MEN'S DINNER.&quot;" >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+CHRISTMAS DAY ON BOARD SHIP IN THE NORTH SEA: THE CAPTAIN
+GOING ROUND THE MESSES "TASTING THE MEN'S DINNER."
+</p>
+<p>
+By time-honoured naval  usage, on Christmas Day, after  Divine Service, on
+board every  ship, the officers, headed  by the Captain, visit  the men at
+dinner in their messes, which  are always gay with seasonable decorations.
+At the end of each table stands the cook of the mess, to offer the Captain
+samples of the  dinner he has prepared. These are  tasted by the officers,
+and, with  a hearty exchange  of good  wishes, the procession  passes from
+table  to  table. It  is  stated  that the  officers  of  the Grand  Fleet
+collectively  subscribed to  provide  Christmas dinners  at  home for  the
+children  of their  men.  It  is certain  that  friends  at home  provided
+Christmas fare for the crews in the North Sea. Never was there a year when
+seasonable goodwill and seasonable good cheer were more desirable.&mdash;[<i>From
+a Drawing by S. Begg.</i>]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-l">16&mdash;<i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21].</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+ <div class="half-l">
+ <img src="images/wn21-16a.jpg" class="half-r"
+ alt="BLINDFOLDED BY A SACK: A SUSPECT BROUGHT THROUGH THE FRENCH LINES." >
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="half-r">
+ <img src="images/wn21-16b.jpg" class="half-r"
+ alt="SPORT AT THE FRONT: BRITISH OFFICERS WITH A &quot;BAG&quot; OF PARTRIDGE AND HARE." >
+ </div>
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<div class="half-l">
+ <p class="caption">
+BLINDFOLDED BY A SACK: A SUSPECT BROUGHT THROUGH THE FRENCH LINES.
+</p>
+<p>
+Much has been  heard of the plague  of German spies at the  front, and for
+excellent reason: they  have been as daring as they  have been ubiquitous.
+Here we see a suspect being  brought through the French lines after having
+been found  in a  suspicious position  near our  Allies' artillery.  He is
+blindfolded, by means of a sack placed  over his head, so that he may gain
+no information en route.&mdash;[<i>Photo. by C.N.</i>]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="half-r">
+<p class="caption">
+SPORT AT THE FRONT: BRITISH OFFICERS WITH A "BAG" OF PARTRIDGE AND HARE.
+</p>
+<p>
+The British officer, who is once more showing what a magnificent sportsman
+and fighter he is  in the field, is not altogether  neglecting sport as he
+knows it at home  while he is at the front. Already we  have heard of hare
+and partridge shooting near the firing-line; and a pack of fox-hounds have
+joined the forces,  for the benefit of the Battle  Hunt Club.&mdash;[<i>Photo. by
+Photopress.</i>]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-r"><i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21]&mdash;17</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-17.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="AT FRANCIS JOSEPH'S FEET FOR LESS THAN A FORTNIGHT:
+BELGRADE (SINCE RETAKEN BY THE SERBIANS) ENTERED BY THE AUSTRIANS." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+AT FRANCIS JOSEPH'S FEET FOR LESS THAN A FORTNIGHT:
+BELGRADE (SINCE RETAKEN BY THE SERBIANS) ENTERED BY THE AUSTRIANS.
+</p>
+<p>
+This drawing by  a German artist shows General Liborius  von Frank (riding
+in front  of the  standard-bearer) entering  Belgrade at  the head  of the
+Fifth Austrian  Army on December  2. As the  troops passed the  Konak, the
+building in the background with a  cupola, they sang the Austrian national
+anthem. General  Frank sent the  following message to the  Emperor Francis
+Joseph: "On the occasion of  the sixty-sixth anniversary of your Majesty's
+accession permit me to lay at  your feet the information that Belgrade was
+to-day occupied  by the troops  of the  Fifth Army." Belgrade  remained in
+Austrian hands less  than a fortnight. The Serbians recaptured  it after a
+desperate  battle.  At Belgrade  they  placed  60,000 Austrians  <i>hors  de
+combat</i>, and  from December 3 to  15 had captured 274  officers and 46,000
+men.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-l">18&mdash;<i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21].</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-18.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="A GERMAN DREAM OF EMPIRE ENDS IN SMOKE: TSING-TAU SET ON FIRE BY SHELLS FROM JAPANESE HEAVY ARTILLERY." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+A GERMAN DREAM OF EMPIRE ENDS IN SMOKE: TSING-TAU SET ON
+FIRE BY SHELLS FROM JAPANESE HEAVY ARTILLERY.
+</p>
+<p>
+This impressive photograph was taken  during the bombardment of Tsing-tau,
+Germany's cherished possession in the Far East, which fell to the Japanese
+and British arms on  November 7. In the distance the  smoke of her burning
+is seen going up to heaven. The  blockade of Tsing-tau began on August 27.
+The Japanese  troops landed  in Lao-shan  Bay on  September 18,  the small
+British force on the 24th. On the  28th they carried the high ground 2&frac12;
+miles from the  main German position, and fire was  opened on the fortress
+during the first week in October. The general bombardment began on October
+31 and lasted till the night of  November 6, when the Japanese stormed the
+central fort.  We illustrate  on another  page one  of the  Japanese heavy
+siege-guns used at Tsing-tau.&mdash;[<i>Photo. by Record Press.</i>]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-r"><i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21]&mdash;19</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-19.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="IN THE BATTERIES AGAINST TSING-TAU: A JAPANESE SIEGE-GUN GETTING THE ORDER BY TELEPHONE TO OPEN FIRE." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+IN THE BATTERIES AGAINST TSING-TAU: A JAPANESE SIEGE-GUN
+GETTING THE ORDER BY TELEPHONE TO OPEN FIRE.
+</p>
+<p>
+We see here one of the heavy  siege-guns which the Japanese brought up for
+the  bombardment of  Tsing-tau  when  about to  open  fire  on the  German
+fortress.  The  gun-team of  artillerymen  are  standing  in rear  of  the
+piece,  and in  the foreground,  to the  right, is  one of  the detachment
+receiving orders by  telephone from the battery-commandant at  his post of
+observation.  Profiting  by their  experiences  in  siege-warfare at  Port
+Arthur, the Japanese  were fully prepared with a very  large and efficient
+siege-gun train to  undertake the attack on Tsing-tau  immediately war was
+declared. The  Japanese employed  140 guns  in the  bombardment, including
+28-centimetre howitzers and 21 and 15 cm. siege-guns, firing respectively,
+11.2-inch, 8.4-inch, and 6-inch shells.&mdash;[<i>Photo. by Record Press.</i>]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-l">20&mdash;<i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21].</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-20.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="HAND-GRENADES SHOT FROM A GUN!--THE AARSEN GRENADE-GUN BEING LOADED." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+HAND-GRENADES SHOT FROM A GUN!&mdash;THE AARSEN GRENADE-GUN BEING LOADED.
+</p>
+<p>
+One of the features of the present  war which have been drawn attention to
+by "Eye-Witness"  in his letters from  the Front, is the  resuscitation of
+fighting with hand-grenades on both  sides. Particularly has this been the
+case  during the  battles in  Northern France  and Flanders,  wherever the
+trenches approached one  another within flinging distance.  There also, on
+occasion,  where the  troops facing  one another  were further  apart, and
+beyond reach  of a throw  by hand, an  improvised catapult of  the classic
+type has  been devised  by our  men for  slinging hand-bombs;  utilising a
+metal spring  bent back and held  fast in a  notch, to be released  on the
+lighting  of the  fuse.  An illustration  of a  catapult  appeared in  the
+"Illustrated War News" of December 23.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-r"><i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21]&mdash;21</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-21.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="HAND-GRENADES SHOT FROM A GUN!--AARSEN GRENADES BURSTING IN THE OPEN." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+HAND-GRENADES SHOT FROM A GUN!&mdash;AARSEN GRENADES BURSTING IN THE OPEN.
+</p>
+<p>
+On the  page opposite we give  a photograph of a  Danish experimental gun,
+designed at Copenhagen, for firing  Aarsen hand-grenades. The grenades are
+shown in the act  of being introduced into the breech  of the weapons, and
+the apparatus  for holding each grenade  in the hand is  clearly shown. In
+the photograph  above the shells are  seen bursting at a  certain distance
+from the firing-point. Our soldiers in the trenches in Flanders, according
+to  "Eye-Witness,"  have  made improvised  hand-grenades  for  themselves,
+utilising empty jam-tins. These are charged with gun-cotton and fused, and
+on being  lighted are flung  across among  the Germans in  their trenches.
+What  the jam-tin  hand-grenades  look like  the  "War News"  illustration
+referred to shows, and how they are used with catapults.
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-l">22&mdash;<i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21].</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-22.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="READY FOR THE TURKISH ARMY SENT &quot;TO DELIVER EGYPT&quot;! A BRITISH ENTRENCHED CAMP ON THE SUEZ CANAL." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+READY FOR THE TURKISH ARMY SENT "TO DELIVER EGYPT"! A BRITISH ENTRENCHED CAMP ON THE SUEZ CANAL.
+</p>
+<p>
+It was  stated on December 23  that the "Frankfürter Zeitung"  had learned
+from Constantinople  that the Turkish  Army sent "to deliver  Egypt" began
+its forward  march to the  Suez Canal on the  21st. The Canal  is securely
+held along its hundred miles of  length. Our illustration shows one of the
+several  British  advanced-camps  on  the eastern  bank  (the  Asiatic  or
+Sinaitic Peninsula  side), placed there  to prevent a surprise  attack. In
+all  cases, our  positions are  well fortified,  and, with  the desert  in
+front,  present a  formidable  barrier to  the enemy.  In  support of  the
+entrenched camps, movable pontoon-bridges have been constructed at certain
+points. These,  with the  permanent railway along  the western  bank, will
+enable reinforcements to be thrown across the waterways speedily.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-r"><i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21]&mdash;23</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-23.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="THE MOST POPULAR FRENCH HEROINE OF '70: JULIETTE DODU (WHO DIED THE OTHER DAY) PARDONED FOR HER GREAT BRAVERY." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+THE MOST POPULAR FRENCH HEROINE OF '70: JULIETTE DODU
+(WHO DIED THE OTHER DAY) PARDONED FOR HER GREAT BRAVERY.
+</p>
+<p>
+There  has  just  died  upon  her little  farm  at  Clarens,  Switzerland,
+"La  demoiselle  Juliette Dodu  of  Pithiviers,"  forty-four years  ago  a
+telegraphist  who  outwitted  the  German invaders,  was  taken  prisoner,
+threatened with death, treated chivalrously  by the "Red Prince" Friedrich
+Karl, released  on the proclamation of peace, decorated with the  Cross of
+the Legion of Honour, and retired to  the little farm, where she ended her
+days. The spirit of this romance of the Franco-German War of 1870-71 lives
+in the picture by E.J. Delahaye. Chivalry  was not then dead, and the "Red
+Prince," father  of our  popular Duchess  of Connaught,  although Juliette
+Dodu had hindered the  German advance on Paris, shook her  by the hand and
+said that it was "an honour to meet so brave a woman."
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-l">24&mdash;<i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21].</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound" style="border-right: dotted;">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-24.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="THE AUSTRIAN DÉBÂCLE: A DISASTROUS MARCH UNDER CONTINUAL SHELL-FIRE FROM SERBIAN ARTILLERY.--From the Painting by Frédèric de Haenen. (left half)" >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+THE AUSTRIAN DÉBÂCLE: A DISASTROUS MARCH UNDER CONTINUAL
+SHELL-FIRE FROM SERBIAN ARTILLERY.<span class="sc">From the Painting by Frédèric de
+Haenen.</span> (left half)
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The  retreat  of the  Austrians  after  the  recent great  victory  gained
+over  them  by  the  Serbians  has  been described  as  one  of  the  most
+disastrous  in  history. It  was  stated  unofficially  in a  report  from
+Budapest that the southern Austro-Hungarian  Army had lost over 60,000 men
+killed  and wounded  during the  rear-guard  actions and  the flight,  and
+about  35,000 prisoners,  together with  a large  amount of  guns and  war
+material.  Of the  actual retreat  it was  said that  the Austrian  troops
+were  on  the march  continually  for  a  whole  week, while  the  Serbian
+(<i>continued</i>)
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="pg-r"><i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21]&mdash;25</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound" style="border-left: dotted;">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-25.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="THE AUSTRIAN DÉBÂCLE: A DISASTROUS MARCH UNDER CONTINUAL SHELL-FIRE FROM SERBIAN ARTILLERY.--From the Painting by Frédèric de Haenen. (right half)" >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+THE AUSTRIAN DÉBÂCLE: A DISASTROUS MARCH UNDER CONTINUAL
+SHELL-FIRE FROM SERBIAN ARTILLERY.<span class="sc">From the Painting by Frédèric de
+Haenen.</span> (right half)
+</p>
+
+
+<p style="text-indent: 0;">
+(<i>continued</i>)
+artillery in pursuit shelled them  without cessation. Many of the Austrian
+soldiers, it  is said, dropped  by the way  from fatigue and  weakness, as
+they had had  neither food nor rest,  and several of the  officers did the
+same. It  was impossible for some  parts of the  army to make a  stand, as
+their artillery had been obliged to  remain behind owing to the exhaustion
+of  the horses.  Only  those of  the Austrian  regiments  which had  their
+supply-wagons with them were able to reach the Bosnian frontier.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-l">26&mdash;<i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21].</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-26.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="A GERMAN POSSESSION ADDED TO THE BRITISH EMPIRE BY THE AUSTRALIAN FORCES: THE OCCUPATION OF NEU POMMERN (NEW BRITAIN)." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+<p class="caption">
+A GERMAN POSSESSION ADDED TO THE BRITISH EMPIRE BY THE
+AUSTRALIAN FORCES: THE OCCUPATION OF NEU POMMERN (NEW BRITAIN).
+</p>
+<p>
+The Admiralty announced  on September 13 that the  Australian Squadron had
+occupied,  on the  11th,  "the  town of  Herbertshöhe,  in  the island  of
+Neu  Pommern (late  New  Britain),  which is  an  island  in the  Bismarck
+Archipelago; this island lies due east from German New Guinea." At Rabaul,
+New Britain, on the 13th, a  British Proclamation was read, with a special
+one in "pidgin"  English for the natives. The  German Acting-Governor, Dr.
+Haber, surrendered  on the 21st.  Our photographs show: (1)  German troops
+marching  into  Herbertshöhe  to  surrender;  (2)  A  German  building  at
+Friedrich  Wilhelmshafen, now  garrison headquarters;  (3) The  Australian
+Naval Brigade marching through Rabaul; and  (4) Dr. Haber, followed by the
+German Commander, riding into Herbertshöhe to surrender.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-r"><i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21]&mdash;27</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-27.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="THE NEUTRALITY OF THE SCANDINAVIAN POWERS: THE KINGS OF NORWAY, SWEDEN, AND DENMARK, WHO MET IN CONFERENCE AT MALMO." >
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+THE NEUTRALITY OF THE SCANDINAVIAN POWERS: THE KINGS OF
+NORWAY, SWEDEN, AND DENMARK, WHO MET IN CONFERENCE AT MALMO.
+</p>
+<p>
+The three Northern Monarchs whose portraits  are given above are: (1) King
+Haakon  of Norway;  (2)  King  Gustav of  Sweden;  (3)  King Christian  of
+Denmark. King Gustav was the convener  of the meeting, the object of which
+was  to arrive  at an  understanding by  means of  which the  Scandinavian
+countries might be  able to draw closer together in  view of the interests
+common to them all as neutrals.  The motive was to maintain the neutrality
+and independence of the three peoples, and at the same time to mitigate as
+far as  possible the serious  inconveniences which all the  three Northern
+States have suffered in regard to  the supplies of the necessaries of life
+and in their general economic condition in consequence of the existence of
+a state of war in Europe.&mdash;[<i>Photos. by Russell, Florman, and Bieber.</i>]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-l">28&mdash;<i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21].</p>
+
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-28.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="THE ENEMY AS PORTRAYED BY HIMSELF ON CHALK: THE GERMAN SOLDIER-CAVEMAN AS ARTIST IN THE AISNE QUARRIES." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+THE ENEMY AS PORTRAYED BY HIMSELF ON CHALK: THE GERMAN
+SOLDIER-CAVEMAN AS ARTIST IN THE AISNE QUARRIES.
+</p>
+<p>
+In  more ways  than one,  the  German soldier  would seem  on occasion  to
+represent, as  it were,  a reverting  to primitive  type: to  the barbaric
+European  of  centuries  back  in the  world's  history.  The  "reversion"
+takes  many shapes,  and  we have  seen  instances of  it  during the  war
+in  various ways.  It  is  surely readily  recognisable,  for example,  in
+that  spirit  of  sheer   ruthlessness  which  inspired  the  perpetration
+of  the  inhuman  outrages  that  have laid  Belgium  waste,  and  of  the
+killing of  harmless women and  children by  naval shells at  the peaceful
+watering-place  of  Scarborough.  Another   and  more  innocuous  form  of
+going  back to  the  habits  and methods  typical  of  primitive man,  is,
+perhaps,  traceable  in  the  illustrations given  above.  They  are  some
+of  the handiwork  of  the twentieth-century  German  military cavemen  of
+<!-- below half-sentence spliced up from continuation page -->
+the Aisne battlefield,  while making use of the cover  of the quarries and
+natural excavations of the district along  the northern side of the river.
+</p>
+<p class="continued">
+[<i>Continued opposite.</i>
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-r"><i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21]&mdash;29</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-29.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="THE ENEMY AS PORTRAYED BY HIMSELF ON CHALK: THE GERMAN SOLDIER-CAVEMAN AS ARTIST IN THE AISNE QUARRIES." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+THE ENEMY AS PORTRAYED BY HIMSELF ON CHALK: THE GERMAN
+SOLDIER-CAVEMAN AS ARTIST IN THE AISNE QUARRIES.
+</p>
+<p class="continued" style="text-align:left;">
+<i>Continued.</i>]
+</p>
+<p>
+In very much the same way, as modern exploration has brought to light, the
+primaeval cave-dwelling  inhabitants of  Europe in prehistoric  times left
+rudimentary traces  of their presence  in certain  places in the  shape of
+carvings and roughly  painted "portraits" of themselves,  of the creatures
+they  hunted  for  food  and  fought with,  and  of  the  implements  they
+used.  According to  the  German  newspaper from  which  we reproduce  the
+illustrations given here, they are the work of a German artist who has had
+to go to  the Front as a conscript  and serve in the ranks  of an infantry
+battalion.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-l">30&mdash;<i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21].</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-30.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="AS LEFT BY THE TRAITOR, DE WET: THE UNION JACK THE REBEL LEADER TORE AND TRAMPLED UPON AT WINBURG." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+AS LEFT BY THE TRAITOR, DE WET: THE UNION JACK THE REBEL
+LEADER TORE AND TRAMPLED UPON AT WINBURG.
+</p>
+<p>
+De Wet committed his first open act  of rebellion at Vrede, on October 28.
+There, with a hastily raised commando at his heels, he forcibly seized the
+place and, after  submitting the local officials  to brutal ill-treatment,
+in a wild, incendiary  speech called on the Dutch of  South Africa to rise
+in arms  against the  British Government.  It was at  Winburg that  De Wet
+performed,  as  it is  stated,  the  theatrical  and unworthy  outrage  of
+trampling on and tearing the Union Jack. The identical flag which suffered
+the maltreatment is shown in our photograph,  in the state in which it was
+after De Wet's puerile act of  defiance had been committed. Reparation and
+atonement  are  to  come,  as  we  shall  learn  when  De  Wet  faces  his
+court-martial, probably at an early date.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-r"><i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21]&mdash;31</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-31.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="&quot;GLORY TO THOSE WHO HAVE FALLEN!&quot; MEN OF THE HEROIC FRENCH ARMY WHO HAVE DIED FOR EUROPEAN FREEDOM." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+"GLORY TO THOSE WHO HAVE FALLEN!" MEN OF THE HEROIC
+FRENCH ARMY WHO HAVE DIED FOR EUROPEAN FREEDOM.
+</p>
+<p>
+This tragic photograph, showing the fatal  effects of a German shell among
+some French soldiers, brings home to the  mind what "death on the field of
+honour" means. The  Premier of France, M. Viviani, in  his great speech at
+the opening of the Chambers, paid  an eloquent tribute to the French Army.
+"We have," he  said, "the certainty of success. We  owe this certainty ...
+to our  Army, whose heroism in  numerous combats has been  guided by their
+incomparable  chiefs from  the  victory on  the Marne  to  the victory  in
+Flanders.... Let us do honour to all these heroes. Glory to those who have
+fallen before  the victory, and to  those also who through  it will avenge
+them  to-morrow! A  nation  which  can arouse  such  enthusiasm can  never
+perish."&mdash;[<i>Photo. by Alfieri.</i>]
+
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-l">32&mdash;<i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21].</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-32.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="DEFENDING OUR EAST COAST FROM INVADERS: ENTRENCHMENTS OF THE TYPE USED AT THE FRONT, ON THE CLIFFS." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+DEFENDING OUR EAST COAST FROM INVADERS: ENTRENCHMENTS OF
+THE TYPE USED AT THE FRONT, ON THE CLIFFS.
+</p>
+<p>
+The entrenchment of the East Coast is  not only a wise precaution, but the
+work of digging and fitting up  the trenches is excellent practice for the
+troops who may later on be called  upon to do similar work abroad. It will
+be  seen  from  our  photographs  that the  trenches  on  the  East  Coast
+are  constructed on  the  latest pattern  as developed  in  the war,  with
+deep passage-ways,  roofed sections,  traverses, and  zigzags to  avoid an
+enfilading  fire  from the  flank.  They  are,  indeed,  to judge  by  the
+photograph, remarkably similar to those constructed at the front in France
+and  Flanders. Even  if  occasion should  not arise  to  use them  against
+the  enemy, the  labour  of making  them  has  not by  any  means been  in
+vain.&mdash;[<i>Photo. by Newspaper Illustrations.</i>]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-r"><i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21]&mdash;33</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-33.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="CHRISTMAS WITH THE GERMAN ARMY, ACCORDING TO A GERMAN PAPER; THE ARRIVAL FROM HOME OF GIFTS FOR THE TROOPS." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+CHRISTMAS WITH THE GERMAN ARMY, ACCORDING TO A GERMAN
+PAPER; THE ARRIVAL FROM HOME OF GIFTS FOR THE TROOPS.
+</p>
+<p>
+Full  early,  the  popular  German illustrated  papers  gave  pictures  of
+Christmas on the field of battle, and it was very evident that our enemies
+anticipated a joyous  day or two: this, probably, thanks  to the idea that
+at Christmas-time all the Armies might  call something of a halt, although
+it was understood they  were not in the least likely  to do so officially.
+It was also anticipated that the  conditions of the Christmas spent by the
+Germans  at  the front  would,  like  those  experienced  by our  own  men
+and  those of  the  Allied Armies,  be ameliorated  by  the reception  and
+distribution  of  gifts from  home.  For  a considerable  while  Germany's
+women-folk, especially,  collected gifts for  fathers and brothers  at the
+front; and it is certain that their efforts were much appreciated.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="pg-l">34&mdash;<i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21].</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-34.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="UNDERGROUND, WITH GRAMOPHONE, WHITE TABLE-COVER, AND FLOWERS: FRENCH SOLDIERS IN A &quot;HOME-LIKE&quot; BOMB-PROOF TRENCH." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+UNDERGROUND, WITH GRAMOPHONE, WHITE TABLE-COVER, AND
+FLOWERS: FRENCH SOLDIERS IN A "HOME-LIKE" BOMB-PROOF TRENCH.
+</p>
+<p>
+Our photograph  reproduces a snapshot,  by a French artillery  officer, in
+the trenches to the east of the Aisne. It shows how some of the French are
+making  the best  of things,  regardless of  weather and  the enemy.  They
+hollowed out the  trench at one point (describes the  officer), and roofed
+it over with planks and earth, forming a bomb-proof. A seat was cut at the
+sides and a table  got from a village near. A roll  of sheet-iron found in
+the  village was  made a  chimney for  a fire  with a  cosy chimney-corner
+beside it. With some wire, also, a sort of candelabra was constructed. The
+flowers on the  table are in a  German shell for vase,  and the gramophone
+was another village "find." It is evident  that the war may develop a race
+of military troglodytes.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-r"><i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21]&mdash;35</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-35.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="HEADQUARTERS UNDERGROUND: THE BRAIN OF THE BRITISH ARMY WORKING IN A SUBTERRANEAN ROOM, SAFE FROM SHELL-FIRE." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+HEADQUARTERS UNDERGROUND: THE BRAIN OF THE BRITISH ARMY
+WORKING IN A SUBTERRANEAN ROOM, SAFE FROM SHELL-FIRE.
+</p>
+<p>
+Our illustration shows  how and why the motive-power  of the Expeditionary
+Force, the brain of the Army, is  often to be found below-ground. Mr. John
+Dakin, writing of this drawing, made by him from a sketch which he made at
+the Front, says: "Throughout the war, the enemy has displayed considerable
+skill in  locating and shelling  any buildings selected for  occupation by
+our Staff. Various methods of  countering these tactics have been devised.
+On at least  one occasion, headquarters was established  in a subterranean
+apartment, which was not merely bomb-proof, but a comfortable retreat from
+the  weather.  Here,  by  lamplight,  plans were  worked  out;  scraps  of
+information  pieced  together  with  the  aid  of  maps  without  risk  of
+interruption from the enemy."&mdash;[<i>Drawn by  John Dakin from his Sketch made
+on the Spot.</i>]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-l">36&mdash;<i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21].</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound" style="border-right: dotted;">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-36.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="AFTER THE ENEMY HAD BEEN ALLOWED TO COME WITHIN POINT-BLANK RANGE OF THEIR SILENT FOE: (left half)" >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption" style="text-align:right;">
+AFTER THE ENEMY HAD BEEN ALLOWED TO COME WITHIN
+POINT-BLANK RANGE OF THEIR SILENT FOE:
+</p>
+<p>
+Determined night-onslaughts by  infantry have been, according  to a letter
+from Petrograd, a notable feature of  the German tactics in the battles on
+the  Vistula, particularly  in the  fighting  that has  been taking  place
+between  Lowicz and  the river.  By day,  the Germans,  we are  told, were
+persistently  aggressive, continuously  launching attacks  against various
+points of the Russian lines, while the Russians remained on the defensive.
+With the  coming of darkness,  however, regularly, night after  night, the
+Germans  redoubled  their  efforts  everywhere, taking  advantage  of  the
+obscurity  to fling  forward dense  swarms and  columns of  men in  massed
+formation, to  storm the  entrenched Russian  position, apparently  at any
+cost. They failed every time, it would appear, beaten back after literally
+a  massacre.  The Russian  tactics,  it  is  interesting to  recall,  were
+<!-- SECOND HALF OF PARAGRAPH FROM RIGHT TWO-PAGE SPREAD -->
+<span style="display:none;">
+exactly the  same as those  with which, as our  own officers and  men have
+described in letters  home, Sir John French's battalions in  every case so
+effectively shattered the  German efforts at breaking  through the British
+during  the retreat  after Mons.  The Russians,  it is  stated, invariably
+allowed the Germans to come in to well within point-blank range, remaining
+silent, holding their fire and not showing a light meanwhile. Then, as the
+enemy got within point-blank range, searchlights were suddenly switched on
+and  a ceaseless  fusillade  of  Maxim and  rifle-fire  from the  Russians
+literally mowed the Germans down by hundreds, breaking up their masses and
+paralysing the attack.  Our illustration shows one of the  combats just at
+the critical moment.&mdash;[<i>Drawn by Frédèric de Haenen.</i>]
+</span>
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="pg-r"><i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21]&mdash;37</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound" style="border-left: dotted;">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-37.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="RUSSIAN INFANTRY SMASHING A GERMAN NIGHT-ATTACK IN MASSED COLUMNS, IN A BATTLE ON THE VISTULA. (right half)" >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption" style="text-align:left;">
+RUSSIAN INFANTRY SMASHING A GERMAN NIGHT-ATTACK IN MASSED
+COLUMNS, IN A BATTLE ON THE VISTULA.
+</p>
+<p>
+<!-- FIRST HALF OF PARAGRAPH FROM LEFT TWO-PAGE SPREAD -->
+<span style="display:none;">
+Determined night-onslaughts by  infantry have been, according  to a letter
+from Petrograd, a notable feature of  the German tactics in the battles on
+the  Vistula, particularly  in the  fighting  that has  been taking  place
+between  Lowicz and  the river.  By day,  the Germans,  we are  told, were
+persistently  aggressive, continuously  launching attacks  against various
+points of the Russian lines, while the Russians remained on the defensive.
+With the  coming of darkness,  however, regularly, night after  night, the
+Germans  redoubled  their  efforts  everywhere, taking  advantage  of  the
+obscurity  to fling  forward dense  swarms and  columns of  men in  massed
+formation, to  storm the  entrenched Russian  position, apparently  at any
+cost. They failed every time, it would appear, beaten back after literally
+a  massacre.  The Russian  tactics,  it  is  interesting to  recall,  were
+</span>
+exactly the  same as those  with which, as our  own officers and  men have
+described in letters  home, Sir John French's battalions in  every case so
+effectively shattered the  German efforts at breaking  through the British
+during  the retreat  after Mons.  The Russians,  it is  stated, invariably
+allowed the Germans to come in to well within point-blank range, remaining
+silent, holding their fire and not showing a light meanwhile. Then, as the
+enemy got within point-blank range, searchlights were suddenly switched on
+and  a ceaseless  fusillade  of  Maxim and  rifle-fire  from the  Russians
+literally mowed the Germans down by hundreds, breaking up their masses and
+paralysing the attack.  Our illustration shows one of the  combats just at
+the critical moment.&mdash;[<i>Drawn by Frédèric de Haenen.</i>]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-l">38&mdash;<i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21].</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-38.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="SHIPS THE BRITISH NAVY MIGHT HAVE HAD! FREAKS OF MARINE ARCHITECTURE THAT HAVE NOT BEEN OFFICIALLY ADOPTED." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+SHIPS THE BRITISH NAVY MIGHT HAVE HAD! FREAKS OF MARINE
+ARCHITECTURE THAT HAVE NOT BEEN OFFICIALLY ADOPTED.
+</p>
+<p>
+We  illustrate here  and on  the page  opposite some  curious designs  for
+war-ships by various  inventors. No. 1 is  McDougal's Armoured Whale-back,
+with  conning-towers, a  design  of 1892  for  converting whalebacks  into
+war-vessels.  No. 2  is an  American  design of  1892, Commodore  Folger's
+Dynamite Ram, cigar-shaped,  with two guns throwing masses  of dynamite or
+aerial torpedoes. No. 3 is a design by the Earl of Mayo in 1894 and called
+"Aries the  Ram," built round  an immense beam  of steel terminating  in a
+sharp point, No. 4 is Gathmann's boat for a heavy gun forward, designed in
+1900. She was to  be of great speed, and the forward gun  was to throw 600
+lb. of gun-cotton at the rate of 2000 feet per second. A formidable Armada
+this, had it been practicable.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-r"><i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21]&mdash;39</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-39.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="SHIPS THE BRITISH, AND THE GERMAN, NAVY MIGHT HAVE HAD! DESIGNS BY THE KAISER AND OTHER NAVAL THEORISTS." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+SHIPS THE BRITISH, AND THE GERMAN, NAVY MIGHT HAVE HAD!
+DESIGNS BY THE KAISER AND OTHER NAVAL THEORISTS.
+</p>
+<p>
+The first illustration on this page is  a design for a battle-ship made by
+the Kaiser in 1893,  to replace the old "Preussen," then  out of date. The
+vessel  was  to  carry  four  large barbettes  and  a  huge  umbrella-like
+fighting-top. Illustration No. 2 is  an Immersible Ironclad, designed by a
+French engineer named  Le Grand, in 1862.  In action the vessel  was to be
+partly  submerged, so  that only  her  three turrets  and the  top of  the
+armoured glacis  would be visible.  No. 3  is Admiral Elliott's  "Ram," of
+1884.  The  ship was  to  carry  a  "crinoline"  of stanchions  along  her
+water-line, practically  a fixed  torpedo-net. No.  4 is  Thomas Cornish's
+Invulnerable  Ironclad, of  1885. She  was to  have two  separate parallel
+hulls under water; above she was of turtle-back shape.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-l">40&mdash;<i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21].</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-40.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="EXPERTS IN CLOSE-QUARTER FIGHTING: SIBERIAN INFANTRYMEN IN THEIR FIELD-SERVICE EQUIPMENT AT WARSAW." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+EXPERTS IN CLOSE-QUARTER FIGHTING: SIBERIAN INFANTRYMEN
+IN THEIR FIELD-SERVICE EQUIPMENT AT WARSAW.
+</p>
+<p>
+Our illustration shows  a halt in one  of the squares of Warsaw  of one of
+the regiments  of Siberian infantry, whose  magnificent fighting qualities
+in all  the battles  of the war  in the eastern  theatre of  operations in
+which they have  taken part have gained  for them, as the  accounts of the
+different actions  sent to  London from  Petrograd testify,  the outspoken
+admiration of the whole Russian  Army. Particularly singled out for praise
+has been their audacious expertness  in close-quarter combats. They supply
+both infantry and  artillery, and are recruited all  over Siberia, forming
+ordinarily two separate commands, the  East Siberian and the West Siberian
+troops, which garrison the  fortresses and districts between Vladisvostock
+and the  Ural Mountains, the  dividing range between European  and Asiatic
+Russia.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-r"><i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21]&mdash;41</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-41.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="THE LETTER HOME: A BRITISH SOLDIER WRITING IN A LOFT OVER A COW-SHED &quot;SOMEWHERE NEAR THE FRONT.&quot;" >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+THE LETTER HOME: A BRITISH SOLDIER WRITING IN A LOFT OVER
+A COW-SHED "SOMEWHERE NEAR THE FRONT."
+</p>
+<p>
+One  of the  happiest features  of  the Great  War,  and one  of its  most
+favourable omens, is  the optimistic spirit in which  our troops, officers
+and men  alike, are  making the  best of  things, in  spite of  the trying
+conditions in  which they have to  live and carry out  their arduous work.
+They  are  as proof  against  physical  discomfort  or hardships,  and  as
+determined to  be "jolly,"  as was Mark  Tapley himself.  Our illustration
+shows one of our soldiers writing home  from the loft over a cow-shed, his
+only shelter "somewhere near the front."  A shaft of sunlight relieves the
+gloom of his rough surroundings, and no doubt is reflected in the messages
+he is  sending to  his friends at  home. It is  this wholesome  spirit, in
+small  matters  and  in  great,  which  makes  for  success.&mdash;[<i>Photo.  by
+Newspaper Illus.</i>]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-l">42&mdash;<i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21].</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-42.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="SERBIA'S GREAT TRIUMPH: AUSTRIAN PRISONERS; HONOURING THE DEAD: AND SERBIAN WOMEN HELPING WITH THE GUNS." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+SERBIA'S GREAT TRIUMPH: AUSTRIAN PRISONERS; HONOURING THE
+DEAD: AND SERBIAN WOMEN HELPING WITH THE GUNS.
+</p>
+<p>
+It  has  fallen  to  the  Serbians   to  furnish  the  most  complete  and
+overwhelming triumph  yet achieved in  the war&mdash;the smashing  victory over
+the  Austrian  Army on  the  River  Drina during  the  first  ten days  of
+December.  Our  photographs  were  taken  on  and  near  the  battlefield.
+No.  1 on  the  first page  represents a  preliminary  incident. It  shows
+an  Austrian  patrol  captured  while   pressing  forward  with  the  rash
+assurance that  characterised the  Austrian headlong advance.  No. 2  is a
+battlefield  scene, on  December 3,  when the  Serbians suddenly  attacked
+the  Austrians  and  broke  up  their  positions  at  all  points  at  the
+outset,  making  whole regiments,  scattered  and  isolated among  ravines
+and  valleys,  in  many  instances, surrender  at  discretion.  One  corps
+of  disarmed  Austrian  prisoners  is  seen while  being  marched  to  the
+</p>
+<p class="continued">
+[<i>Continued opposite.</i>
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-r"><i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21]&mdash;43</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-43.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="SERBIAN WOMEN IN THE FIELD WITH THEIR MEN: PEASANTS BRINGING A WOUNDED SOLDIER TO THE DRESSING-TENT." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+SERBIAN WOMEN IN THE FIELD WITH THEIR MEN: PEASANTS
+BRINGING A WOUNDED SOLDIER TO THE DRESSING-TENT.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Continued.</i>]
+<p>
+rear.  No. 3  shows Serbian  villagers placing  wreaths on  the graves  of
+fallen  countrymen. Photograph  No. 4  lets  us realise  something of  the
+heroic part the women villagers took in helping to achieve the triumph. As
+the  battle took  shape they  came forward  and cheered  the men-folk  on,
+calling out  "Napréd, braco,  Napréd," "Forward, brothers,  forward," also
+helping (as our photograph shows) to push the cannon and ease the worn-out
+horses. Yet another instance of the work the Serbian women did is shown in
+our page  photograph. Owing to the  lack of Red Cross  men attendants, the
+peasant women took  on themselves to serve  as stretcher-bearers, bringing
+in  the wounded,  as these  fell in  fight, to  the dressing-tents  in the
+villages and  the churches,  which were  used as  hospitals.&mdash;[<i>Photos. by
+Topical.</i>]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-l">44&mdash;<i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21].</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-44.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="WITH &quot;SPIT&quot; HELD BY RIFLES, A SPADE, AND A COUPLE OF
+STICKS: COOKING THE CHRISTMAS GEESE AT THE FRONT." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+WITH "SPIT" HELD BY RIFLES, A SPADE, AND A COUPLE OF
+STICKS: COOKING THE CHRISTMAS GEESE AT THE FRONT.
+</p>
+<p>
+There was no Christmas  truce at the front. The grim  realities of the war
+over-rode all considerations  of sentiment, and the hope which  was, for a
+while, common to both sides had to be left unfulfilled. None the less, the
+Season was not  without its little luxuries, and, thanks  to the excellent
+work  of the  Army Service  Corps  and the  thoughtfulness of  sympathetic
+friends  at home,  there  was  no dearth  of  substantial necessaries  and
+comforts, as well as tobacco and cigarettes galore. Our illustration shows
+a group  of soldiers  cooking their  Christmas geese in  the open,  and as
+intent  upon their  task as  though  such conditions  were quite  orthodox
+and  even such  minor alarums  as  "spasmodic artillery  duels, and  local
+fusillades" were things unheard of.&mdash;[<i>Photo. by L.N.A.</i>]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-r"><i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21]&mdash;45</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+ <div class="half-l">
+ <img src="images/wn21-45a.jpg" class="half-r"
+ alt="CHRISTMAS AT THE FRONT: BRITISH SOLDIERS BRINGING IN MISTLETOE." >
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="half-r">
+ <img src="images/wn21-45b.jpg" class="half-r"
+ alt="TRYING A BRITISH DAINTY! A FRENCH SOLDIER EATING CHRISTMAS PUDDING." >
+ </div>
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<div class="half-l">
+ <p class="caption">
+CHRISTMAS AT THE FRONT: BRITISH SOLDIERS BRINGING IN MISTLETOE.
+</p>
+<p>
+It is pleasant  to think that, with  all the dangers and  anxieties of the
+war, our soldiers at the front paid  tribute to the season of goodwill. It
+is a reassuring picture, this of the  two men in khaki, rifle on shoulder,
+but  swinging  from the  deadly  barrels  berried  mistletoe, so  rich  in
+suggestion of the happiness of Christmases when the scourge of war was not
+upon the nations.&mdash;[<i>Photograph by L.N.A.</i>]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="half-r">
+<p class="caption">
+TRYING A BRITISH DAINTY! A FRENCH SOLDIER EATING CHRISTMAS PUDDING.
+</p>
+<p>
+The  conditions under  which tens  of  thousands of  soldiers spent  their
+Christmas were memorably abnormal, but, none  the less, the season was not
+passed  without such  observance of  old customs,  and such  care for  all
+available good  cheer, as were  possible. Our illustration shows  a French
+soldier obviously enjoying  his Christmas dinner despite the  fact that he
+has to eat it by the wayside.&mdash;[<i>Photo. by Alfieri.</i>]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-l">46&mdash;<i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21].</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-46.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="A MISSING LONDONER! AN ENGLISH M.E.T. MOTOR-'BUS IN THE
+HANDS OF THE GERMANS AND PUT TO USE BY THEM." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+A MISSING LONDONER! AN ENGLISH M.E.T. MOTOR-'BUS IN THE
+HANDS OF THE GERMANS AND PUT TO USE BY THEM.
+</p>
+<p>
+As with our  London soldiers at the  front, the fortune of  war has levied
+its toll on  other Londoners. Our photograph depicts  the unfortunate fate
+that has befallen  a once well-known object in the  streets of London&mdash;one
+of  the motor-'buses  shipped across  to France  to serve  in transporting
+British troops to  the front, now in  the hands of the enemy.  Not many of
+them have  had such bad luck,  from all accounts, but  accidents cannot be
+helped, and  a victim  has been  claimed now and  again, mostly  at places
+where some raiding  Uhlan patrol has managed  to cut in and  ambush one on
+some outlying road  near the line of communications between  the front and
+an  army base,  catching the  'bus while  returning after  discharging its
+soldier "fares."
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-r"><i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21]&mdash;47</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-47.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="WEAPONS OF GREY &quot;MOLES,&quot; AT TSING-TAU: A LAND-MINE AND
+EMERGENCY HAND-GRENADES CAPTURED FROM THE GERMANS." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+WEAPONS OF GREY "MOLES," AT TSING-TAU: A LAND-MINE AND
+EMERGENCY HAND-GRENADES CAPTURED FROM THE GERMANS.
+</p>
+<p>
+The Germans made use of land-mines in  the defence of Tsing-tau, and a few
+days after  the town's surrender, on  Nov. 7, several exploded  while they
+were being  removed by  the Japanese,  causing much loss  of life.  It was
+stated  that the  explosions  killed  two officers  and  eight men,  while
+one  officer  and  fifty-six  men  were injured.  The  Germans  also  used
+hand-grenades, as  shown in our photograph.  These appear to have  been of
+the improvised "jam-tin" type such as has been employed in the trenches in
+Flanders  "Eye-Witness" wrote  recently: "Mines  have not  played such  an
+important part  in this  mole-work as  might have  been supposed.  We have
+heard the  enemy mining and  we have tried  it ourselves, but  one strikes
+water in  this country  between seven and  eight feet  down."&mdash;[<i>Photo. by
+C.N.</i>]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="pg-l">48&mdash;<i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21].</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-48.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="IN SHELTERS SUGGESTING A ROW OF MINIATURE RAILWAY-ARCHES! GERMANS IN THEIR &quot;RABBIT-WARRENS&quot; IN THE ARGONNE." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p class="caption">
+IN SHELTERS SUGGESTING A ROW OF MINIATURE RAILWAY-ARCHES!
+GERMANS IN THEIR "RABBIT-WARRENS" IN THE ARGONNE.
+</p>
+<p>
+"In  the Argonne  we  beat  back the  enemy's  attacks  and preserved  our
+front." That  is a typical announcement  one constantly sees in  the Paris
+<i>communiqués</i> recording events in the  district where the photograph given
+above was taken. Special interest being taken in the fighting in Flanders,
+one rather  overlooks the give-and-take  warfare being carried  on further
+east, where  siege-trench fighting like that  on the Aisne still  goes on.
+There the  Germans occupy deeply  dug lines which  are largely made  up of
+underground  galleries partly  natural, partly  artificial, in  character,
+as  our  photograph shows.  When  the  French  artillery fire  is  severe,
+the  Germans  scuttle like  rabbits  into  their  burrows, coming  out  to
+man  the  trenches in  front  immediately  the  French infantry  begin  to
+approach.&mdash;[<i>Photo. by C.N.</i>]
+</p>
+<hr />
+<p>
+London: Published Weekly at the Office,  172, Strand, in the Parish of St.
+Clement  Danes, in  the county  of London,  by <span class="sc">The  Illustrated London
+News  and  Sketch,  Ltd.</span>,  172, Strand,  aforesaid;  and  Printed  by
+<span class="sc">The  Illustrated  London News  and  Sketch,  Ltd.</span>, Milford  Lane,
+W.C.&mdash;<span class="sc">Wednesday, Dec. 30, 1914.</span>
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<!-- SINGLE ISSUE SPECIAL LEAFLET, RECTO -->
+
+<p class="pg-l">&nbsp;</p>
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<p style="text-indent: 0;">
+<b>  To ensure a regular supply of  the following papers, the Publisher would
+  be glad if you  would sign the order (or orders) below  and send to your
+  Railway Bookstall or Local Newsagent.</b>
+</p>
+
+<div class="fullcap" style="border-top: double .25em black;">
+
+<div class="half-l">
+
+<p>
+<br />
+<br />
+<i>To Messrs.</i>
+</p>
+<div class="lined"></div>
+<br />
+<br />
+<div class="lined"></div>
+<br />
+<p>
+<i>Please supply me <u>each  week</u>  with a copy of</i> THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS.
+</p>
+
+<div class="lined"></div>
+<br />
+<br />
+<div class="lined"></div>
+<br />
+<br />
+<div class="lined"></div>
+<br />
+<br />
+<div class="lined"></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="half-r" style="border-left: dotted thin black;">
+
+<p>
+ <i>To Messrs.</i>
+</p>
+<div class="lined"></div>
+<br />
+<div class="lined"></div>
+<br />
+<p>
+<i>Please supply me <u>each week</u> with a  copy of</i> THE SKETCH.<br />
+</p>
+<div class="lined"></div>
+<br />
+<div class="lined"></div>
+
+<div style="border-bottom: thin dotted black;width: 100%; clear:both; margin-top: 1em;"></div>
+
+<p>
+ <i>To Messrs.</i>
+</p>
+<div class="lined"></div>
+<br />
+<div class="lined"></div>
+<br />
+<p>
+ <i>Please supply me <u>each week</u> during the War with a copy of</i> THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS.<br />
+</p>
+<div class="lined"></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="fullcap" style="border-top: dotted thin black; padding:0; margin:0;">
+
+<div class="fullcap" style="border: 0; padding: 0; margin: 0;">
+<p><br />
+ <i>To Messrs.</i>
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="half-l">
+<div class="lined"></div>
+</div>
+<div class="half-r">
+<div class="lined"></div>
+</div>
+
+<p style="text-align:center;text-indent:0; clear:both;">
+                <i>Please supply me with a copy of <u>each</u> of the<br />
+                       above <b>3</b> papers every week.</i>
+</p>
+<div class="half-l">
+<div class="lined"></div>
+</div>
+<div class="half-r">
+<div class="lined"></div>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- SINGLE ISSUE SPECIAL LEAFLET, VERSO -->
+
+<p class="pg-l" style="text-decoration: underline;">
+<i>N.B.&mdash;This  Leaflet must  be Removed  before Posting  this Number  of "The
+Illustrated War News."</i>
+</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<img src="images/wn21-49.jpg" class="img-full"
+alt="LIEUTENANT THE PRINCE OF WALES, AIDE-DE-CAMP TO SIR JOHN FRENCH, AT THE FRONT: H.R.H. DRIVING HIS OWN CAR, WITH PRINCE ALEXANDER OF TECK AS PASSENGER." >
+
+<div class="fullcap">
+
+<p style="text-align:right;">
+<i>Photo. Newspaper Illustrations</i>
+</p>
+<p class="caption">
+LIEUTENANT THE PRINCE OF WALES, AIDE-DE-CAMP TO SIR JOHN FRENCH, AT THE
+FRONT: H.R.H. DRIVING HIS OWN CAR, WITH PRINCE ALEXANDER OF TECK AS
+PASSENGER.
+</p>
+
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- INNER BACK COVER -->
+
+<p class="pg-c"><i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21]&mdash;III</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+<div class="fullcap" style="border: none; padding: 0;">
+
+<!-- LEFT AD -->
+
+
+<div class="half-l" style="width: 48%; border: .25em double black;" >
+
+
+<h1 style="line-height: 2em;">
+Read 'THE SKETCH.'
+</h1>
+
+<div style="margin: 0% 20% 0% 20%;">
+<img src="images/wn21-iiia.png" style="width: 100%; clear: both;" alt="========" >
+
+<p style="text-align:center; font-size: 125%;">
+"The Sketch" treats a
+side of the War upon
+which the other Illustrated
+Weekly Newspapers
+do not touch.
+</p>
+
+<img src="images/wn21-iiib.png" style="width: 100%; clear: both;" alt="========" >
+</div>
+
+<h1 style="line-height: 2em;">
+Read 'THE SKETCH.'
+</h1>
+
+
+<p class="ad-center">
+<i>Every Wednesday.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p class="ad-center">
+<b>6d. === 6d.</b>
+</p>
+
+<p class="ad-center">
+PUBLISHING OFFICE: 172, STRAND, W.C.
+</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- RIGHT AD -->
+
+ <div class="half-r" style="width: 48%; border: .25em double black;" >
+
+<p style="text-align:center;">
+ CLOSELY IN TOUCH WITH EVERY<br />
+ THING OCCURRING AT THE FRONT
+ </p>
+
+ <p class="ad-center">THE</p>
+ <h2>Illustrated London News</h2>
+<div style="margin-left:10%; margin-right: 10%;">
+<img src="images/wn21-iiic.png" style="width: 100%; clear: both;" alt="========" >
+</div>
+
+<p style="text-align:center; font-size: 125%;">
+ Guarantees that all its Drawings
+ <br />
+ and Photographs are Authentic.
+ </p>
+
+ <p class="ad-center">THE</p>
+ <h2>Illustrated London News</h2>
+<div style="margin-left:10%; margin-right: 10%;">
+<img src="images/wn21-iiic.png" style="width: 100%; clear: both;" alt="========" >
+</div>
+
+ <p class="ad-center">
+ has the Finest Staff of War Artists
+ <br />
+ == in the World. ==
+ </p>
+
+ <hr />
+
+ <p class="ad-center">
+ <b>SIXPENCE WEEKLY (Every Friday).</b>
+ </p>
+
+<p class="ad-left">
+PUBLISHING OFFICE:<br />
+172, STRAND, W.C.
+</p>
+<p class="ad-right">
+EDITORIAL OFFICE:<br />
+MILFORD LANE, STRAND, W.C.
+</p>
+
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<!-- OUTER BACK COVER -->
+
+<p class="pg-c"><i>THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC.</i> 30, 1914&mdash;[PART 21]&mdash;IV</p>
+
+<div class="pagebound">
+
+
+<img src="images/wn21-iva.jpg" class="img-full" style="float: left; border:none; padding:0;margin: 0% -70% 0% 0%;" alt="Glaxo">
+<img src="images/wn21-ivb.jpg" class="img-full" style="float: left; clear:left;border:none; padding:0;margin: 0% -31% 0% 0%;" alt="Glaxo">
+
+<h2>
+The Most Economical Food for your Baby
+</h2>
+
+<h3>
+is either Breast Milk or Glaxo
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+Pure, easily digestible milk is the only food suitable for a young baby,
+and contains  everything baby needs.  That is  why, if Baby  cannot have
+breast milk,  he <i>must</i> have  Glaxo, which  is milk enriched  with extra
+cream made  pure and easily digestible.  It costs you but  a trifle more
+than  ordinary milk,  and  is  not only  the  one  safe alternative  for
+breast-milk, but  is also more  economical than  foods which have  to be
+mixed with  milk to make them  nourishing. Glaxo can be  given either in
+turn with breast-milk or as the sole food from birth.
+</p>
+
+<p class="ad-just">
+Breast  milk  does  not  contain
+Starch,  Flour,   Malt  or  Cane
+Sugar,  <i>neither   does  Glaxo</i>.
+Glaxo  is  entirely pure,  fresh
+milk, enriched  with extra cream
+and  milk-sugar.  Only the  very
+best  milk is  made into  Glaxo,
+and, so  that it shall  be quite
+fresh,  the  milk  is  delivered
+to  the Glaxo  factory within  a
+few  hours  of its  being  drawn
+from the cow, and is immediately
+pasteurised and filtered and the
+necessary  cream and  milk-sugar
+added. All the natural sweetness
+<!-- -->
+and   purity   are   permanently
+retained  by the  Glaxo Process,
+which dries  the milk  and cream
+to  a  powder  and  also  causes
+the nourishing curd  of the milk
+subsequently to form into light,
+flaky particles  easily digested
+by  even a  very weak  baby. <i>As
+a  well-known doctor  has said</i>:
+"Glaxo is superior to (ordinary)
+cow's  milk  for infants,  being
+so  much  more  digestible,  and
+should be  absolutely invaluable
+to  mothers who  for any  reason
+cannot suckle their infants."
+</p>
+<p class="ad-just">
+(Signed) &mdash;&mdash; M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.
+</p>
+<p class="ad-just">
+In  preparing Glaxo&mdash;you  simply
+add  boiling water.  No cooking;
+no elaborate mixing;  no risk of
+making  a  serious  mistake;  no
+delay&mdash;so  that  baby  does  not
+become angry  and screaming with
+increasing hunger. Milk or cream
+is  not required,  because Glaxo
+itself  is  milk and  cream,  so
+there is  no heavy milk  bill to
+pay.
+</p>
+
+<div style="width:30%; float:right; clear: right;">
+<h3>
+<i>Ask <u>your</u> Doctor!</i>
+</h3>
+
+<img src="images/glaxo-2.jpg" style="width: 100%; float:right; margin-top:5%;" alt="">
+
+<p class="ad-center" style="clear:both;">
+<i>Awarded Gold Medal, International
+Medical Congress Exhibition, 1913.
+By Royal Appointment to the Court of Spain</i>.
+</p>
+
+<h3>"Builds Bonnie Babies"</h3>
+
+<h4>
+<i>Glaxo is All-British</i>
+</h4>
+
+<p style="text-align:center;">
+  GLAXO BABY BOOK FREE: TRIAL TIN 3d.
+<br />
+  sent on request by
+<br />
+   GLAXO, 47R, KING'S R.D, ST. PANCRAS, LONDON, N.W.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<h4 style="clear:both;">
+   Before you buy a Feeder&mdash;ask your Chemist to show you the GLAXO FEEDER
+</h4>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- END BACK COVER -->
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Illustrated War News, Number 21,
+Dec. 30, 1914, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS ***
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@@ -0,0 +1,1913 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Illustrated War News, Number 21, Dec.
+30, 1914, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Illustrated War News, Number 21, Dec. 30, 1914
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: May 7, 2006 [EBook #18334]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, David Garcia and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+N.B.--REMOVE INSETTED LEAFLET     EACH NUMBER    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS.
+BEFORE POSTING THIS ISSUE.     COMPLETE IN ITSELF            DEC. 30 1914.
+__________________________________________________________________________
+
+[Illustration: THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS PART 21]
+
+
+  PRICE SIXPENCE:                                       PUBLISHING OFFICE:
+  BY INLAND POST,                                          172, STRAND,
+  SIXPENCE HALFPENNY.                                      LONDON, W.C.
+
+    REGISTERED AS A NEWSPAPER FOR TRANSMISSION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM,
+             AND TO CANADA AND NEWFOUNDLAND BY MAGAZINE POST.
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--II
+
+  ========================================================================
+                                      |  Player's Navy Cut
+                 THE                  |
+                                      |       Tobacco and Cigarettes
+         Illustrated War News         |           FOR THE TROOPS.
+                                      |
+       _PUBLISHED ON WEDNESDAY        |  From  all  quarters  we  hear the
+         MORNINGS--SIXPENCE._         |  same  simple  request:  "SEND  US
+                                      |  TOBACCO AND CIGARETTES"
+              *   *   *               |
+                                      |  TROOPS AT HOME        (Duty Paid)
+     Part 12 Completed the First      |
+    Volume of "The Illustrated War    |  It would be well if those wishing
+                 News."               |  to send Tobacco  or Cigarettes to
+                                      |  our soldiers would remember those
+              A HANDSOME              |  still  in  Great  Britain.  There
+            ==============            |  are  thousands  of  Regulars  and
+                                      |  Territorials awaiting  orders and
+            BINDING  COVER            |  in sending a  present now you are
+            ==============            |  assured of reaching your man.
+                                      |
+             for VOLUME I.            |  Supplies  may  be  obtained  from
+                                      |  the  usual trade  sources and  we
+           IN  HALF-MOROCCO           |  shall  be  glad  to  furnish  any
+                                      |  information on application.
+  NOW  READY, to  hold  12 Parts  of  |
+  this Popular Publication.           |  TROOPS AT THE FRONT   (Duty Free)
+                                      |
+  Price 3/-  with  Title-page. _Post  |  John  Player &  Sons, Nottingham,
+  free 3d. extra_.                    |  will  (through   the  Proprietors
+                                      |  for Export,  The British-American
+  Or can  be  obtained  through  all  |  Tobacco Co., Ltd.)  be pleased to
+  Newsagents and Railway Bookstalls.  |  arrange  for  supplies  of  these
+                                      |  world-renowned   Brands   to   be
+  The COMPLETE VOLUME,  Beautifully   |  forwarded  to the  Front at  Duty
+  Bound in Half-Morocco, Price 10/6   |  Free Rates.
+                                      |
+              *   *   *               |  JOHN PLAYER & SONS,
+                                      |  Castle Tobacco Factory,
+  _Publishing Office: 172,            |  Nottingham.
+  Strand, W.C. Editorial Office:      |
+  Milford Lane, Strand, W.C._         |  P. 438  Branch  of  The  Imperial
+                                      |  Tobacco  Co.  (of  Gt.  Britain &
+                                      |  Ireland), Ltd.
+  ========================================================================
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                     THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--1
+
+
+The Illustrated War News.
+
+[Illustration: _Photo. Cribb_
+
+ONE OF THE BRITISH SHIPS WHICH SANK VON SPEE'S SQUADRON OFF THE
+FALKLANDS: THE BATTLE-CRUISER "INVINCIBLE"]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+2--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+THE GREAT WAR.
+
+
+In reviewing the events of the last week throughout the world-wide area of
+war, let  us begin with the  Dark Continent, where everything  went in our
+favour--very brilliantly  so. First of  all, then, we  may now be  said to
+have  completed our  conquest of  the  German Cameroon  country by  taking
+possession of the whole of the railway which runs northward from Bonabari,
+and is now in  the hands of our troops. A similar fate  is reserved, at no
+distant date, for German South  Africa, against which General Botha--a man
+no less brave  and dashing as a soldier than  sagacious as a statesman--is
+preparing to  lead a  conquering force. Having  stamped out  the rebellion
+within the  Union itself--crushing it  literally like a beetle--he  is now
+addressing himself to  the task--a harder one, perhaps,  but still certain
+of achievement--of making  an end of the bad neighbourhood  of the Germans
+in  the vast  region  forming the  Hinterland of  Luederitz  Bay, which  is
+already in  our possession, and  rendering it  impossible for them  in the
+future to  intrigue from that quarter  against the peace and  stability of
+the  Union. The  court-martialling  and prompt  execution  at Pretoria  of
+the  rebel leader,  Captain Fourie,  shows  what the  Union Government  is
+minded  to do  _pour decourager  les autres_.  The rebellion  was promptly
+and  energetically suppressed--though  not without  a Union  loss of  334,
+including  more  than  100  deaths;  while in  German  South  Africa,  the
+casualties had also risen to a total of some 370. The rebels had more than
+170 killed,  over 300 wounded, and  5500 prisoners--which was thus  a very
+creditable bit of  work, as brilliant as it was  brief, in the rounding-up
+of rebels against the unity of the Empire.
+
+[Illustration: SPOKESMAN OF FRENCH DETERMINATION: M. VIVIANI, PREMIER OF
+FRANCE.
+
+At the opening of the French Chamber on the 22nd, M. Viviani, the Premier,
+expressed the national  resolve to continue the war till  the cause of the
+Allies is won.--[_Photo. Topical._]]
+
+[Illustration: APPOINTED COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF AT THE NORE: ADMIRAL
+CALLAGHAN.
+
+Admiral Sir George Callaghan was Commander-in-Chief of the Home Fleet from
+1911  till the  war began.  He has  since  been on  the War  Staff at  the
+Admiralty.--[_Photo. Heath._]]
+
+Quite  of a  piece with  the doing  of this  job in  South Africa  was the
+disposal  of  another overt  enemy  against  our  authority at  the  other
+extremity of the Dark Continent--in the  person of the Khedive, Abbas II.,
+who has  now been replaced  by Prince Hussein  Kamel Pasha as  the nominal
+Sultan of Egypt--under our protection and power. No change of the kind was
+ever  brought about  with so  much  statesmanlike wisdom  and such  little
+friction,  or with  so much  hearty  approval from  all sides--except,  of
+course, that of the Turks and their German backers, for whom the change of
+regime,  effected as  it  was by  a  simple stroke  of  Sir Edward  Grey's
+masterly pen,  was a most painful  slap. The exchange of  messages between
+King  George  and Prince  Hussein--one  promising  unfailing support,  and
+the  other unfailing  allegiance--completed  the transaction,  one of  the
+greatest triumphs of British statesmanship, compared with which the recent
+statecraft of the Germans is mere  amateur bungling. Marshal von der Goltz
+Pasha, who has now exchanged his  Governorship of Belgium for the position
+of chief  military counsellor on the  Bosphorus, will find it  harder than
+ever--with  his rabble  army under  Djemal Pasha--to  "liberate" from  the
+British yoke the people of Egypt, who have already shown that they no more
+yearn for  such emancipation than  our loyal fellow-subjects in  India. At
+Constantinople  it  was given  out  that  the  _Messudiyeh_, sunk  by  one
+
+(_Continued overleaf._)
+
+[Illustration: GERMAN PRAISE OF THE BRITISH SOLDIER: GENERAL VON
+HEERINGEN.
+
+Interviewed recently, General von  Heeringen said: "The English first-line
+troops are  splendid soldiers, experienced  and very tough,  especially on
+the defensive."--[_Photo. Bain._]]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                     THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--3
+
+
+[Illustration: CHRISTMAS DECORATIONS ON A BRITISH WAR-SHIP: EVERGREENS
+FOR THE MASTHEAD.]
+
+[Illustration: THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE GRAND FLEET AT SEA: ADMIRAL
+JELLICOE.]
+
+Christmas celebrations in the Navy were naturally curtailed this year, but
+even in  time of war  the festival is observed  to some extent,  under the
+limitations caused by  the necessity of being ready  for immediate action.
+That the Navy  did not allow Christmas festivities to  interfere with duty
+is shown by  the brilliant air-raid on Cuxhaven on  Christmas morning. The
+Grand  Fleet which  keeps  its silent  watch on  the  seas, under  Admiral
+Jellicoe, did not, we may be sure,  relax any of its vigilance. One of the
+Christmas customs  in the Navy  is to  decorate the mastheads  with holly,
+mistletoe, or evergreens. The mess-room tables are also decorated, and the
+officers walk in  procession through the messes, the  Captain sampling the
+fare.--[_Photos. by Newspaper Illustrations and Alfieri._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+4--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+of our  submarines in  the Dardanelles,  had simply been  the victim  of a
+"leak"; but  so serious was  this little "rift  within the lute"  that its
+author,  Lieut.-Commander  Holbrook, R.N.,  was  awarded  a V.C.  for  his
+splendid deed  of daring--a  very different  kind of  act from  the German
+bombardment of undefended towns on our  East Coast, which caused our First
+Lord of the Admiralty to write  to the Mayor of Scarborough--and his words
+deserve  to  be here  repeated  and  recorded--that "nothing  proves  more
+plainly the  effectiveness of  British naval pressure  than the  frenzy of
+hatred aroused  against us in the  breasts of the enemy....  Their hate is
+the measure of  their fear.... Whatever feats of arms  the German Navy may
+hereafter  perform, the  stigma of  the baby-killers  of Scarborough  will
+brand its officers and men while sailors sail the seas."
+
+[Illustration: A GERMAN ISLAND ADDED TO THE EMPIRE BY THE AUSTRALIAN
+FORCES: READING THE BRITISH PROCLAMATION AT RABAUL, NEU POMMERN.
+
+The Australian Squadron arrived at Herbertshoehe, Neu Pommern, on September
+11. After some fighting, the Germans surrendered, and, two days later, the
+Union Jack was hoisted at Rabaul, the German capital. The proclamation was
+read  by Major  Francis Heritage  (facing Colonel  W. Holmes,  the central
+figure in the  photograph). For the benefit of the  natives an address was
+given in  amusing "pidgin" English  (see the  "Times,"  November  16). Neu
+Pommern (formerly New Britain) is just east of New Guinea.]
+
+Other  attempts  at  "frightful  frightfulness"   on  the  part  of  these
+"baby-killers"  were  a  couple  of aeroplane  raids--of  which  the  base
+was  probably  Ostend--carried out  on  Christmas  Eve and  Christmas  Day
+respectively--against Dover and Sheerness. It must be owned that they were
+decidedly daring,  yet in the nature  of damp-squib affairs, as  it turned
+out. In the case of Dover, the  bomb dropped was probably intended for the
+Castle--a pretty conspicuous target, though all  it did was to disturb the
+soil of  a cabbage-garden, and  excite the pursuit  of several of  our own
+air-craft, which  lost their  seaward-soaring quarry  in the  fog brooding
+over the Channel; while in the case of the Sheerness invader, on Christmas
+Day, which made  its appearance just as the visitors  at Southend over the
+water  were about  to sit  down to  their turkey  and plum-pudding--little
+dreaming of  the extra  dish of enjoyment  which was thus  to be  added to
+their menu--it was at once tackled, as at Dover, by some of our own airmen
+and pelted  with shot, being hit  three or four times;  though this aerial
+intruder also  managed, in  the mist, to  show a clean  pair of  heels, or
+wings,  and make  off  eastward.  These were  the  German  replies to  our
+bomb-dropping raids on Duesseldorf and Friedrichs-hafen, and intended to be
+a foretaste of  what we may expect in the  shape of German "frightfulness"
+as prompted by the "insensate hatred" referred to by Mr. Churchill.
+
+Daring enough in themselves, those German visitations seemed insignificant
+by  comparison  with  the  raids  which  were  being  carried  out  almost
+simultaneously on the other  side of the sea by our  own naval airmen. For
+while the German aeroplanist was helping to dig a cabbage garden at Dover,
+one of  our Squadron-Commanders--R.B. Davies, R.N.--from  a Maurice-Farman
+biplane  was  much more  profitably  engaged  in  dropping a  dozen  bombs
+on  a  Zeppelin shed  at  Brussels--causing  "clouds  of smoke"  to  arise
+therefrom--most probably from the flames of the incendiarised air-ship.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                     THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--5
+
+[Illustration: THE AIR-RAID ON GERMAN WAR-SHIPS OFF CUXHAVEN: BRITISH
+SEA-PLANES, SISTERS TO THOSE WHICH TOOK PART IN THE BRILLIANT EXPLOIT.]
+
+The sea-planes came  into great prominence, for the first  time during the
+war, on Christmas Day, when seven  of them attacked German war-ships lying
+in Schillig  Roads, off Cuxhaven. The  attack started from a  point in the
+vicinity of Heligoland, and the air-craft were escorted by a light-cruiser
+and destroyer force, together with submarines. The enemy put up a fight by
+means  of two  Zeppelins,  three  or  four  bomb-dropping sea-planes,  and
+several submarines.  Six out  of the  seven pilots  returned safely--three
+were  re-embarked by  our  ships,  and three  were  picked  up by  British
+submarines.  Flight-Commander Francis  E.T.  Hewlett,  R.N., was  reported
+missing. In  our first  photograph a  sea-plane is  being conveyed  to her
+parent  ship;  in the  second  and  third,  sea-planes are  being  hoisted
+aboard.--[_Photos. by S. and G._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+6--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+But  that  was  nothing  to  the  Christmas  Day  feat  of  seven  of  our
+sea-planes--one for  every day  of the  week--which, accompanied  by light
+cruisers  and  destroyers, with  several  submarines,  made a  daring  and
+unparalleled attack  on Cuxhaven, at  the mouth  of the Elbe,  and several
+war-ships  lying at  anchor  there--unparalleled, by  reason  of the  fact
+that  this was  the first  "combined  assault of  all arms"  known to  the
+sea--namely, from  the air, the water,  and from under the  water. Both at
+Yarmouth and Scarborough the German  bombarding cruisers were so nervously
+afraid of  being caught in the  act that they  may almost be said  to have
+only fired their guns and then run  away again. But our triple flotilla at
+the mouth of the Elbe spent a deliberate three hours in the performance of
+its task,  and then  calmly withdrew  with only one  of the  daring pilots
+missing. So far,  it was the most  thrilling episode of the  war, and must
+give our enemies "furiously to think," in addition to furnishing them with
+much more  for the  nourishment of  their hate.  Of this  insensate hatred
+against us  in the hearts  of the German  people--and all because  we have
+"queered their  pitch," or  crossed their  long-cherished schemes  for the
+destruction of  our Empire--the  most furious  exponent is  the _Koelnische
+Zeitung_,  or  _Cologne  Gazette_,  as we  generally  call  it--which  may
+be  described, on  the  whole,  as the  most  authoritative  organ of  the
+Fatherland--or the _Times_  of Germany, but always with  a difference. The
+curious anomaly is that the seat of this powerful journal should be so far
+away  from  the capital--at  Cologne.  There  is  an old  story--known  to
+tourists who read  their guide-books--about the "Three  Kings of Cologne,"
+but now  this story has just  received a pendant which  gives anything but
+satisfaction at Cologne itself or anywhere else in Germany.
+
+[Illustration: MUCH USED AGAINST SOUTH AFRICAN REBELS: A TRUCK OF AN
+ARMOURED TRAIN, AT BLOEMFONTEIN.
+
+Armoured  trains worked  by the  South  African Engineer  Corps have  done
+useful service  in the  operations against  the rebels.  The truck  in the
+photograph, it will be seen, is loop-holed.]
+
+This was the  recent meeting, not at  Cologne, but at Malmoe,  of the three
+Kings of Scandinavia--Denmark, Sweden, and Norway--who lunched, and dined,
+and debated  together for several days,  when it was at  last announced to
+the world at  large (and Germany in particular)  that "their deliberations
+had not  only consolidated the  good relations between the  three Northern
+
+[Illustration: MEN WHO UNDERGO GREAT HARDSHIPS IN THEIR PURSUIT OF
+REBELS: A BIVOUAC OF SOUTH AFRICAN LOYALISTS.
+
+Our correspondent  writes: "After a  long chase they find  themselves very
+often forty miles from the convoy, nothing to eat for man or beast, and in
+a country destitute of food."]
+
+[Illustration: WHERE "REGIMENTS HAD BEEN RAISED AS IF BY A WIZARD'S
+WAND": GENERAL SMUTS SPEAKING AT JOHANNESBURG.
+
+General Smuts, South African Minister of Defence, said recently that there
+had been a magnificent response to the call to arms. On the Rand regiments
+had been raised as if by a magician's wand.]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                     THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--7
+
+
+[Illustration: AMENITIES OF MOLE WARFARE SATIRISED: A FRENCH
+CARICATURIST'S SKIT ON THE "LUXURIES" OF LIFE IN THE TRENCHES.]
+
+Both the  French and British  troops have made the  best of things  in the
+siege-warfare of the  trenches, and out of an initial  condition of misery
+have managed to  evolve a considerable amount of comfort  in many parts of
+the front. Ingenious French engineers,  for example, have constructed warm
+shower-baths, hair-dressing  saloons, and similar conveniences,  while the
+British "Eye-Witness"  was able to write  recently of our own  lines: "The
+trenches themselves  are heated  by braziers and  stoves and  floored with
+straw, bricks and  boards. Behind them are shelters and  dug-outs of every
+description most  ingeniously contrived." The above  French cartoon, which
+is  from "La  Vie Parisienne,"  is  headed "La  Guerre des  Taubes et  des
+Taupes" (moles).
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+8--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+kingdoms,  but that  an agreement  had  also been  reached concerning  the
+special  questions raised"--a  result which  must have  been anything  but
+agreeable  to  the  War-Lord  of  Potsdam,  who  had  been  thirsting  for
+_Weltmacht_, or world-dominion, and casting about to pave the way for this
+result by absorbing the minor States  of Northern Europe--as a shark would
+open its voracious jaws to swallow down a shoal of minnows, or other small
+fry. That this was a prominent plank in the platform of German policy must
+be clear to all  who have read the diplomatic revelations  of the last few
+months; but  now the "Three Kings  of Scandinavia," going one  better than
+their storied colleagues of Cologne, have shown that they are as obtuse to
+the blandishments of Berlin as the journalists of New York and Chicago.
+
+[Illustration: TYPICAL OF THOSE USED BY GERMAN AIR-CRAFT DURING THE WAR:
+A BOMB RECENTLY DROPPED FROM AN AEROPLANE INTO WARSAW.
+
+German air-craft have  lately been active in the  neighbourhood of Warsaw,
+the great objective  of the German Eastern Armies. Our  photograph shows a
+bomb after it had fallen into the city.
+
+_Photograph by Illus. Bureau._]
+
+According to all accounts, the Allied position in the west, especially the
+British section thereof, is  as "safe as the Bank of  England," to use the
+words  of one  of  our officers  already quoted;  and  though the  Kaiser,
+recovered from his illness, has again returned to the front--or, at least.
+the distant rear of the front--he does not seem to have much refreshed the
+offensive  spirit of  his armies.  Nevertheless, the  French _communiques_
+have suffered  from no great diminution  in the daily records  of sporadic
+trench-fighting all along  the Allied line--fighting of  a fluctuating, if
+on the whole  favourable, kind for the strategic plans  of General Joffre,
+as to whom, one  German officer in Belgium said that he  wished to God his
+country had such  a War Lord, seeing that, apart  from Marshal Hindenburg,
+all their Generals were only worthy of disdain.
+
+In  a telegram  to his  aunt,  the Dowager  Grand Duchess  of Baden,  only
+daughter of the old Emperor William, the Kaiser gave "God alone the glory"
+for a grand victory which was supposed to have been achieved by Hindenburg
+over the  Russians in front  of Warsaw--a  victory which caused  Berlin to
+burst out into bunting and braying  and comparisons to Salamis and Leipzig
+in its  momentous results. But  this acknowledgment  of the Kaiser  to the
+Lord  of  Hosts,  "our  old  ally of  Rossbach"--which  must  surely  have
+inspired  Hindenburg himself  with  a  feeling of  jealousy  and sense  of
+soreness--turned out to have been  altogether premature, and of the nature
+of shouting before they were out of the wood.
+
+For a  fortnight or so the  fighting in Poland  continued to be of  a very
+confused kind, the telegrams from both sides being most contradictory, but
+on  the whole  the  advantage  seemed to  remain  with  the Russians,  who
+recorded their victories  in very striking figures of  killed and captured
+during their  defence of several  rivers tributary  to the Vistula  on its
+left bank. Hindenburg the redoubtable--the only  General worth a rap (or a
+"damn," as  Wellington would have  said), according to the  German officer
+already  quoted--promised to  let the  Kaiser have  Warsaw as  a Christmas
+present; but,  according to all present  appearances, he is no  nearer the
+capital of Russian Poland  than his comrade von Kluck (who  is now said to
+have been superseded)  was to Paris on  the day of his  being tumbled back
+from the Marne.
+
+<sc>London: December 28, 1914.</sc>
+
+[Illustration: A PRINCELY INDIAN GIFT: MOTOR-AMBULANCES PRESENTED TO THE
+KING FOR THE FORCES BY THE MAHARAJA SCINDIA OF GWALIOR.
+
+The  Maharaja  Scindia's  munificent   Christmas  gift  for  the  soldiers
+and  sailors  consists  of  41  ambulance-cars, 4  cars  for  officers,  5
+motor-lorries  and repair-wagons,  and  10 motor-cycles.--[_Photo.  Illus.
+Bureau._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                     THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--9
+
+
+[Illustration: SHELLED, BURNED OUT, AND FINALLY TAKEN BY STORM: ALL THAT
+REMAINS OF THE FAMOUS CHATEAU OF VERMELLES.]
+
+Less than  three months ago a  charming French country mansion  amidst its
+beautiful gardens and park, all that  remained at Christmas of the Chateau
+of Vermelles  is the  shell here  shown. Fate made  the Chateau,  with the
+small adjoining  village, for upwards  of eight weeks a  disputed tactical
+point between the Germans and the Allies, a narrow strip of only 150 yards
+of ground  intervening between  the trenches.  The Germans  held Vermelles
+from  October 16  until  early  in December,  fortifying  the Chateau  and
+grounds. They had  to be shelled out  By October 21, the  Chateau was only
+smouldering walls, and French engineers were mining approaches to it. Then
+an English  heavy battery  bombarded Vermelles. Finally  the French  "in a
+very brilliant attack," stormed and took Vermelles, village and chateau.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+10--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: RULER OF EGYPT, THE BRITISH PROTECTORATE: SULTAN HUSSEIN I.]
+
+The new Sultan of  Egypt, Prince Hussein Kamel, is sixty  years of age and
+the  eldest living  Prince  of the  family of  Mehemet  Ali, the  historic
+liberator of  Egypt from Turkish  domination. For  years past, as  head of
+various administrative  departments in Egypt,  he devoted his  energies to
+improving the lot of the natives, by  whom he is called "the Father of the
+Fellaheen."
+
+[Illustration: THE ROUTED AUSTRIAN COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF: FIELD-MARSHAL
+POTIOREK.]
+
+General Oscar Potiorek commanded the Austrian Army invading Serbia. Elated
+at  occupying Belgrade  without firing  a shot,  he promised  his Imperial
+master  at  Vienna that  in  a  fortnight  Serbia  would be  conquered.  A
+Field-Marshal's baton  and the  highest Austrian military  decoration were
+bestowed  on  him. Within  a  week  Potiorek's  army were  fugitives.  The
+Field-Marshal is to be court-martialled.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--11
+
+
+[Illustration: THE ACCUSATIONS OF OUTRAGE AND BREACHES OF THE LAWS OF
+WAR BY GERMANY: THE BRITISH COMMITTEE OF INQUIRY.]
+
+On September 15, the Prime Minister announced in the House of Commons that
+he had  asked the  Home Secretary  and the  Attorney-General to  take such
+steps  as seemed  best  adapted  to provide  for  the investigation,  from
+evidence  obtainable  in  this  country, of  accusations  of  outrage  and
+breaches  of the  laws  of war  on  the part  of  Germany, This  Committee
+is  constituted of  the  Right  Hon. Viscount  Bryce,  O.M. Chairman;  the
+Right Hon.  Sir Frederick Pollock,  Professor of Jurisprudence;  the Right
+Hon.  Sir Edward  Clarke;  Sir Alfred  Hopkinson,  Vice-Chancellor of  the
+Victoria  University,  Manchester,  1900-1913;  Professor  H.A.L.  Fisher,
+Vice-Chancellor of Sheffield University; and Mr. Harold Cox, Editor of the
+"Edinburgh Review."--[_Photos. by Beresford,  Russell, Winter, and Elliott
+and Fry._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+12--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: "DRIVEN ASHORE AND BURNT": THE "EMDEN" BEACHED ON NORTH
+KEELING ISLAND, AND A BOATLOAD OF PRISONERS COMING AWAY.]
+
+An  officer  of H.M.A.S.  "Sydney,"  which  destroyed the  German  cruiser
+"Emden"  off  the  Cocos  Islands  on   November  9,  has  given  a  vivid
+account  of the  event  in  a private  letter  recently  published in  the
+"Times."  After describing  the earlier  part  of the  action, he  writes:
+"By  now  her  three  funnels  and   her  foremast  had  been  shot  away,
+and  she  was on  fire  aft.  We turned  again,  and  after giving  her  a
+salvo  or  two with  the  starboard  guns, saw  her  run  ashore on  North
+Keeling  Island. So  at 11.20  a.m. we  ceased firing,  the action  having
+lasted  one hour  forty  minutes." Later,  the writer  of  the letter  was
+sent  in  a  cutter to  the  "Emden"  to  arrange  for the  surrender  and
+taking  off the  wounded.  "From  the number  of  men we  rescued--_i.e._,
+150,"  he  continues,   "we  have  been  able  to   reckon  their  losses.
+
+                                                    [_Continued opposite._
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--13
+
+
+[Illustration: BEFORE THEY ESCAPED IN "A LEAKING SHIP": THE "EMDEN'S"
+LANDING-PARTY, WHO SAW THEIR SHIP DESTROYED (ON COCOS ISLANDS).]
+
+_Continued._]
+
+We  know the  number of  men who  landed at  Cocos and  got away....  They
+cannot have  lost less  than 180  men killed, with  20 men  badly wounded,
+and  about  the  same  number  slightly."  As  regards  the  fate  of  the
+German  landing-party, he  says: "Early  in the  morning we  made for  the
+cable-station, to find that the party landed by the Germans to destroy the
+station had seized a schooner and  departed. The poor devils aren't likely
+to  go far  with a  leaking ship  and the  leathers removed  from all  the
+pumps." It  may be  that the vessel  seen on the  right in  the right-hand
+photograph is the  one in which they  escaped. They had broken  up all the
+instruments at the Eastern Telegraph Cable Station, but those in charge of
+it had a duplicate set concealed.--[_Photos. by Illustrations Bureau._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+14--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: SUBMARINE LAMPS AS PILOTS: HARBOUR CHANNELS OUTLINED IN
+UNDER-WATER LIGHTS.]
+
+We illustrate  here a system of  submerged lamps for guiding  vessels into
+port, invented by M.  Leon Dion. It consists of a  chain of electric lamps
+laid under water  to mark the navigable channel, connected  by an electric
+cable controlled  from the  shore. In  time of war,  of course,  the light
+would  be switched  on only  when a  friendly vessel  was signalled.--[_By
+Courtesy of the "Scientific American."_]
+
+[Illustration: COMPRESSED AIR FOR "PLUGGING" HOLED SHIPS: AN INTERESTING
+NAVAL EXPERIMENT.]
+
+This  method of  stopping  the inrush  of  water was  tested  on the  U.S.
+battle-ship "North  Carolina." An American  naval officer wrote:  "Its use
+will  permit  us  to  repair  from  inside  all  holes  made  beneath  the
+water-line. Strong pressure is exerted  in the holed compartment; slighter
+pressure, graduated, in those adjacent (shaded darker)."--[_By Courtesy of
+"Popular Mechanics" Magazine, Chicago._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--15
+
+
+[Illustration: CHRISTMAS DAY ON BOARD SHIP IN THE NORTH SEA: THE CAPTAIN
+GOING ROUND THE MESSES "TASTING THE MEN'S DINNER."]
+
+By time-honoured naval  usage, on Christmas Day, after  Divine Service, on
+board every  ship, the officers, headed  by the Captain, visit  the men at
+dinner in their messes, which  are always gay with seasonable decorations.
+At the end of each table stands the cook of the mess, to offer the Captain
+samples of the  dinner he has prepared. These are  tasted by the officers,
+and, with  a hearty exchange  of good  wishes, the procession  passes from
+table  to  table. It  is  stated  that the  officers  of  the Grand  Fleet
+collectively  subscribed to  provide  Christmas dinners  at  home for  the
+children  of their  men.  It  is certain  that  friends  at home  provided
+Christmas fare for the crews in the North Sea. Never was there a year when
+seasonable goodwill and seasonable good cheer were more desirable.--[_From
+a Drawing by S. Begg._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+16--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: BLINDFOLDED BY A SACK: A SUSPECT BROUGHT THROUGH THE
+FRENCH LINES.]
+
+Much has been  heard of the plague  of German spies at the  front, and for
+excellent reason: they  have been as daring as they  have been ubiquitous.
+Here we see a suspect being  brought through the French lines after having
+been found  in a  suspicious position  near our  Allies' artillery.  He is
+blindfolded, by means of a sack placed  over his head, so that he may gain
+no information en route.--[_Photo. by C.N._]
+
+[Illustration: SPORT AT THE FRONT: BRITISH OFFICERS WITH A "BAG" OF
+PARTRIDGE AND HARE.]
+
+The British officer, who is once more showing what a magnificent sportsman
+and fighter he is  in the field, is not altogether  neglecting sport as he
+knows it at home  while he is at the front. Already we  have heard of hare
+and partridge shooting near the firing-line; and a pack of fox-hounds have
+joined the forces,  for the benefit of the Battle  Hunt Club.--[_Photo. by
+Photopress._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--17
+
+
+[Illustration: AT FRANCIS JOSEPH'S FEET FOR LESS THAN A FORTNIGHT:
+BELGRADE (SINCE RETAKEN BY THE SERBIANS) ENTERED BY THE AUSTRIANS.]
+
+This drawing by  a German artist shows General Liborius  von Frank (riding
+in front  of the  standard-bearer) entering  Belgrade at  the head  of the
+Fifth Austrian  Army on December  2. As the  troops passed the  Konak, the
+building in the background with a  cupola, they sang the Austrian national
+anthem. General  Frank sent the  following message to the  Emperor Francis
+Joseph: "On the occasion of  the sixty-sixth anniversary of your Majesty's
+accession permit me to lay at  your feet the information that Belgrade was
+to-day occupied  by the troops  of the  Fifth Army." Belgrade  remained in
+Austrian hands less  than a fortnight. The Serbians recaptured  it after a
+desperate  battle.  At Belgrade  they  placed  60,000 Austrians  _hors  de
+combat_, and  from December 3 to  15 had captured 274  officers and 46,000
+men.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+18--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: A GERMAN DREAM OF EMPIRE ENDS IN SMOKE: TSING-TAU SET ON
+FIRE BY SHELLS FROM JAPANESE HEAVY ARTILLERY.]
+
+This impressive photograph was taken  during the bombardment of Tsing-tau,
+Germany's cherished possession in the Far East, which fell to the Japanese
+and British arms on  November 7. In the distance the  smoke of her burning
+is seen going up to heaven. The  blockade of Tsing-tau began on August 27.
+The Japanese  troops landed  in Lao-shan  Bay on  September 18,  the small
+British force on the 24th. On the  28th they carried the high ground 2-1/2
+miles from the  main German position, and fire was  opened on the fortress
+during the first week in October. The general bombardment began on October
+31 and lasted till the night of  November 6, when the Japanese stormed the
+central fort.  We illustrate  on another  page one  of the  Japanese heavy
+siege-guns used at Tsing-tau.--[_Photo. by Record Press._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--19
+
+
+[Illustration: IN THE BATTERIES AGAINST TSING-TAU: A JAPANESE SIEGE-GUN
+GETTING THE ORDER BY TELEPHONE TO OPEN FIRE.]
+
+We see here one of the heavy  siege-guns which the Japanese brought up for
+the  bombardment of  Tsing-tau  when  about to  open  fire  on the  German
+fortress.  The  gun-team of  artillerymen  are  standing  in rear  of  the
+piece,  and in  the foreground,  to the  right, is  one of  the detachment
+receiving orders by  telephone from the battery-commandant at  his post of
+observation.  Profiting  by their  experiences  in  siege-warfare at  Port
+Arthur, the Japanese  were fully prepared with a very  large and efficient
+siege-gun train to  undertake the attack on Tsing-tau  immediately war was
+declared. The  Japanese employed  140 guns  in the  bombardment, including
+28-centimetre howitzers and 21 and 15 cm. siege-guns, firing respectively,
+11.2-inch, 8.4-inch, and 6-inch shells.--[_Photo. by Record Press._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+20--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: HAND-GRENADES SHOT FROM A GUN!--THE AARSEN GRENADE-GUN
+BEING LOADED.]
+
+One of the features of the present  war which have been drawn attention to
+by "Eye-Witness"  in his letters from  the Front, is the  resuscitation of
+fighting with hand-grenades on both  sides. Particularly has this been the
+case  during the  battles in  Northern France  and Flanders,  wherever the
+trenches approached one  another within flinging distance.  There also, on
+occasion,  where the  troops facing  one another  were further  apart, and
+beyond reach  of a throw  by hand, an  improvised catapult of  the classic
+type has  been devised  by our  men for  slinging hand-bombs;  utilising a
+metal spring  bent back and held  fast in a  notch, to be released  on the
+lighting  of the  fuse.  An illustration  of a  catapult  appeared in  the
+"Illustrated War News" of December 23.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--21
+
+
+[Illustration: HAND-GRENADES SHOT FROM A GUN!--AARSEN GRENADES BURSTING
+IN THE OPEN.]
+
+On the  page opposite we give  a photograph of a  Danish experimental gun,
+designed at Copenhagen, for firing  Aarsen hand-grenades. The grenades are
+shown in the act  of being introduced into the breech  of the weapons, and
+the apparatus  for holding each grenade  in the hand is  clearly shown. In
+the photograph  above the shells are  seen bursting at a  certain distance
+from the firing-point. Our soldiers in the trenches in Flanders, according
+to  "Eye-Witness,"  have  made improvised  hand-grenades  for  themselves,
+utilising empty jam-tins. These are charged with gun-cotton and fused, and
+on being  lighted are flung  across among  the Germans in  their trenches.
+What  the jam-tin  hand-grenades  look like  the  "War News"  illustration
+referred to shows, and how they are used with catapults.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+22--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: READY FOR THE TURKISH ARMY SENT "TO DELIVER EGYPT"! A
+BRITISH ENTRENCHED CAMP ON THE SUEZ CANAL.]
+
+It was  stated on December 23  that the "Frankfuerter Zeitung"  had learned
+from Constantinople  that the Turkish  Army sent "to deliver  Egypt" began
+its forward  march to the  Suez Canal on the  21st. The Canal  is securely
+held along its hundred miles of  length. Our illustration shows one of the
+several  British  advanced-camps  on  the eastern  bank  (the  Asiatic  or
+Sinaitic Peninsula  side), placed there  to prevent a surprise  attack. In
+all  cases, our  positions are  well fortified,  and, with  the desert  in
+front,  present a  formidable  barrier to  the enemy.  In  support of  the
+entrenched camps, movable pontoon-bridges have been constructed at certain
+points. These,  with the  permanent railway along  the western  bank, will
+enable reinforcements to be thrown across the waterways speedily.]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--23
+
+
+[Illustration: THE MOST POPULAR FRENCH HEROINE OF '70: JULIETTE DODU
+(WHO DIED THE OTHER DAY) PARDONED FOR HER GREAT BRAVERY.]
+
+There  has  just  died  upon  her little  farm  at  Clarens,  Switzerland,
+"La  demoiselle  Juliette Dodu  of  Pithiviers,"  forty-four years  ago  a
+telegraphist  who  outwitted  the  German invaders,  was  taken  prisoner,
+threatened with death, treated chivalrously  by the "Red Prince" Friedrich
+Karl, released  on the proclamation of peace, decorated with the  Cross of
+the Legion of Honour, and retired to  the little farm, where she ended her
+days. The spirit of this romance of the Franco-German War of 1870-71 lives
+in the picture by E.J. Delahaye. Chivalry  was not then dead, and the "Red
+Prince," father  of our  popular Duchess  of Connaught,  although Juliette
+Dodu had hindered the  German advance on Paris, shook her  by the hand and
+said that it was "an honour to meet so brave a woman."
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+24--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: THE AUSTRIAN DEBACLE: A DISASTROUS MARCH UNDER CONTINUAL
+SHELL-FIRE FROM SERBIAN ARTILLERY.--<sc>From the Painting by Frederic de
+Haenen.</sc>] (left half)
+
+The  retreat  of the  Austrians  after  the  recent great  victory  gained
+over  them  by  the  Serbians  has  been described  as  one  of  the  most
+disastrous  in  history. It  was  stated  unofficially  in a  report  from
+Budapest that the southern Austro-Hungarian  Army had lost over 60,000 men
+killed  and wounded  during the  rear-guard  actions and  the flight,  and
+about  35,000 prisoners,  together with  a large  amount of  guns and  war
+material.  Of the  actual retreat  it was  said that  the Austrian  troops
+were  on  the march  continually  for  a  whole  week, while  the  Serbian
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--25
+
+
+[Illustration: THE AUSTRIAN DEBACLE: A DISASTROUS MARCH UNDER CONTINUAL
+SHELL-FIRE FROM SERBIAN ARTILLERY.--<sc>From the Painting by Frederic de
+Haenen.</sc>] (right half)
+
+artillery in pursuit shelled them  without cessation. Many of the Austrian
+soldiers, it  is said, dropped  by the way  from fatigue and  weakness, as
+they had had  neither food nor rest,  and several of the  officers did the
+same. It  was impossible for some  parts of the  army to make a  stand, as
+their artillery had been obliged to  remain behind owing to the exhaustion
+of  the horses.  Only  those of  the Austrian  regiments  which had  their
+supply-wagons with them were able to reach the Bosnian frontier.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+26--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: A GERMAN POSSESSION ADDED TO THE BRITISH EMPIRE BY THE
+AUSTRALIAN FORCES: THE OCCUPATION OF NEU POMMERN (NEW BRITAIN).]
+
+The Admiralty announced  on September 13 that the  Australian Squadron had
+occupied,  on the  11th,  "the  town of  Herbertshoehe,  in  the island  of
+Neu  Pommern (late  New  Britain),  which is  an  island  in the  Bismarck
+Archipelago; this island lies due east from German New Guinea." At Rabaul,
+New Britain, on the 13th, a  British Proclamation was read, with a special
+one in "pidgin"  English for the natives. The  German Acting-Governor, Dr.
+Haber, surrendered  on the 21st.  Our photographs show: (1)  German troops
+marching  into  Herbertshoehe  to  surrender;  (2)  A  German  building  at
+Friedrich  Wilhelmshafen, now  garrison headquarters;  (3) The  Australian
+Naval Brigade marching through Rabaul; and  (4) Dr. Haber, followed by the
+German Commander, riding into Herbertshoehe to surrender.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--27
+
+
+[Illustration: THE NEUTRALITY OF THE SCANDINAVIAN POWERS: THE KINGS OF
+NORWAY, SWEDEN, AND DENMARK, WHO MET IN CONFERENCE AT MALMO.]
+
+The three Northern Monarchs whose portraits  are given above are: (1) King
+Haakon  of Norway;  (2)  King  Gustav of  Sweden;  (3)  King Christian  of
+Denmark. King Gustav was the convener  of the meeting, the object of which
+was  to arrive  at an  understanding by  means of  which the  Scandinavian
+countries might be  able to draw closer together in  view of the interests
+common to them all as neutrals.  The motive was to maintain the neutrality
+and independence of the three peoples, and at the same time to mitigate as
+far as  possible the serious  inconveniences which all the  three Northern
+States have suffered in regard to  the supplies of the necessaries of life
+and in their general economic condition in consequence of the existence of
+a state of war in Europe.--[_Photos. by Russell, Florman, and Bieber._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+28--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: THE ENEMY AS PORTRAYED BY HIMSELF ON CHALK: THE GERMAN
+SOLDIER-CAVEMAN AS ARTIST IN THE AISNE QUARRIES.]
+
+In  more ways  than one,  the  German soldier  would seem  on occasion  to
+represent, as  it were,  a reverting  to primitive  type: to  the barbaric
+European  of  centuries  back  in the  world's  history.  The  "reversion"
+takes  many shapes,  and  we have  seen  instances of  it  during the  war
+in  various ways.  It  is  surely readily  recognisable,  for example,  in
+that  spirit  of  sheer   ruthlessness  which  inspired  the  perpetration
+of  the  inhuman  outrages  that  have laid  Belgium  waste,  and  of  the
+killing of  harmless women and  children by  naval shells at  the peaceful
+watering-place  of  Scarborough.  Another   and  more  innocuous  form  of
+going  back to  the  habits  and methods  typical  of  primitive man,  is,
+perhaps,  traceable  in  the  illustrations given  above.  They  are  some
+of  the handiwork  of  the twentieth-century  German  military cavemen  of
+
+                                                    [_Continued opposite._
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--29
+
+
+[Illustration: THE ENEMY AS PORTRAYED BY HIMSELF ON CHALK: THE GERMAN
+SOLDIER-CAVEMAN AS ARTIST IN THE AISNE QUARRIES.]
+
+_Continued._]
+
+the Aisne battlefield,  while making use of the cover  of the quarries and
+natural excavations of the district along  the northern side of the river.
+In very much the same way, as modern exploration has brought to light, the
+primaeval cave-dwelling  inhabitants of  Europe in prehistoric  times left
+rudimentary traces  of their presence  in certain  places in the  shape of
+carvings and roughly  painted "portraits" of themselves,  of the creatures
+they  hunted  for  food  and  fought with,  and  of  the  implements  they
+used.  According to  the  German  newspaper from  which  we reproduce  the
+illustrations given here, they are the work of a German artist who has had
+to go to  the Front as a conscript  and serve in the ranks  of an infantry
+battalion.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+30--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: AS LEFT BY THE TRAITOR, DE WET: THE UNION JACK THE REBEL
+LEADER TORE AND TRAMPLED UPON AT WINBURG.]
+
+De Wet committed his first open act  of rebellion at Vrede, on October 28.
+There, with a hastily raised commando at his heels, he forcibly seized the
+place and, after  submitting the local officials  to brutal ill-treatment,
+in a wild, incendiary  speech called on the Dutch of  South Africa to rise
+in arms  against the  British Government.  It was at  Winburg that  De Wet
+performed,  as  it is  stated,  the  theatrical  and unworthy  outrage  of
+trampling on and tearing the Union Jack. The identical flag which suffered
+the maltreatment is shown in our photograph,  in the state in which it was
+after De Wet's puerile act of  defiance had been committed. Reparation and
+atonement  are  to  come,  as  we  shall  learn  when  De  Wet  faces  his
+court-martial, probably at an early date.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--31
+
+
+[Illustration: "GLORY TO THOSE WHO HAVE FALLEN!" MEN OF THE HEROIC
+FRENCH ARMY WHO HAVE DIED FOR EUROPEAN FREEDOM.]
+
+This tragic photograph, showing the fatal  effects of a German shell among
+some French soldiers, brings home to the  mind what "death on the field of
+honour" means. The  Premier of France, M. Viviani, in  his great speech at
+the opening of the Chambers, paid  an eloquent tribute to the French Army.
+"We have," he  said, "the certainty of success. We  owe this certainty ...
+to our  Army, whose heroism in  numerous combats has been  guided by their
+incomparable  chiefs from  the  victory on  the Marne  to  the victory  in
+Flanders.... Let us do honour to all these heroes. Glory to those who have
+fallen before  the victory, and to  those also who through  it will avenge
+them  to-morrow! A  nation  which  can arouse  such  enthusiasm can  never
+perish."--[_Photo. by Alfieri._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+32--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: DEFENDING OUR EAST COAST FROM INVADERS: ENTRENCHMENTS OF
+THE TYPE USED AT THE FRONT, ON THE CLIFFS.]
+
+The entrenchment of the East Coast is  not only a wise precaution, but the
+work of digging and fitting up  the trenches is excellent practice for the
+troops who may later on be called  upon to do similar work abroad. It will
+be  seen  from  our  photographs  that the  trenches  on  the  East  Coast
+are  constructed on  the  latest pattern  as developed  in  the war,  with
+deep passage-ways,  roofed sections,  traverses, and  zigzags to  avoid an
+enfilading  fire  from the  flank.  They  are,  indeed,  to judge  by  the
+photograph, remarkably similar to those constructed at the front in France
+and  Flanders. Even  if  occasion should  not arise  to  use them  against
+the  enemy, the  labour  of making  them  has  not by  any  means been  in
+vain.--[_Photo. by Newspaper Illustrations._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--33
+
+
+[Illustration: CHRISTMAS WITH THE GERMAN ARMY, ACCORDING TO A GERMAN
+PAPER; THE ARRIVAL FROM HOME OF GIFTS FOR THE TROOPS.]
+
+Full  early,  the  popular  German illustrated  papers  gave  pictures  of
+Christmas on the field of battle, and it was very evident that our enemies
+anticipated a joyous  day or two: this, probably, thanks  to the idea that
+at Christmas-time all the Armies might  call something of a halt, although
+it was understood they  were not in the least likely  to do so officially.
+It was also anticipated that the  conditions of the Christmas spent by the
+Germans  at  the front  would,  like  those  experienced  by our  own  men
+and  those of  the  Allied Armies,  be ameliorated  by  the reception  and
+distribution  of  gifts from  home.  For  a considerable  while  Germany's
+women-folk, especially,  collected gifts for  fathers and brothers  at the
+front; and it is certain that their efforts were much appreciated.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+34--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: UNDERGROUND, WITH GRAMOPHONE, WHITE TABLE-COVER, AND
+FLOWERS: FRENCH SOLDIERS IN A "HOME-LIKE" BOMB-PROOF TRENCH.]
+
+Our photograph  reproduces a snapshot,  by a French artillery  officer, in
+the trenches to the east of the Aisne. It shows how some of the French are
+making  the best  of things,  regardless of  weather and  the enemy.  They
+hollowed out the  trench at one point (describes the  officer), and roofed
+it over with planks and earth, forming a bomb-proof. A seat was cut at the
+sides and a table  got from a village near. A roll  of sheet-iron found in
+the  village was  made a  chimney for  a fire  with a  cosy chimney-corner
+beside it. With some wire, also, a sort of candelabra was constructed. The
+flowers on the  table are in a  German shell for vase,  and the gramophone
+was another village "find." It is evident  that the war may develop a race
+of military troglodytes.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--35
+
+
+[Illustration: HEADQUARTERS UNDERGROUND: THE BRAIN OF THE BRITISH ARMY
+WORKING IN A SUBTERRANEAN ROOM, SAFE FROM SHELL-FIRE.]
+
+Our illustration shows  how and why the motive-power  of the Expeditionary
+Force, the brain of the Army, is  often to be found below-ground. Mr. John
+Dakin, writing of this drawing, made by him from a sketch which he made at
+the Front, says: "Throughout the war, the enemy has displayed considerable
+skill in  locating and shelling  any buildings selected for  occupation by
+our Staff. Various methods of  countering these tactics have been devised.
+On at least  one occasion, headquarters was established  in a subterranean
+apartment, which was not merely bomb-proof, but a comfortable retreat from
+the  weather.  Here,  by  lamplight,  plans were  worked  out;  scraps  of
+information  pieced  together  with  the  aid  of  maps  without  risk  of
+interruption from the enemy."--[_Drawn by  John Dakin from his Sketch made
+on the Spot._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+36--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: AFTER THE ENEMY HAD BEEN ALLOWED TO COME WITHIN
+POINT-BLANK RANGE OF THEIR SILENT FOE:]
+
+Determined night-onslaughts by  infantry have been, according  to a letter
+from Petrograd, a notable feature of  the German tactics in the battles on
+the  Vistula, particularly  in the  fighting  that has  been taking  place
+between  Lowicz and  the river.  By day,  the Germans,  we are  told, were
+persistently  aggressive, continuously  launching attacks  against various
+points of the Russian lines, while the Russians remained on the defensive.
+With the  coming of darkness,  however, regularly, night after  night, the
+Germans  redoubled  their  efforts  everywhere, taking  advantage  of  the
+obscurity  to fling  forward dense  swarms and  columns of  men in  massed
+formation, to  storm the  entrenched Russian  position, apparently  at any
+cost. They failed every time, it would appear, beaten back after literally
+a  massacre.  The Russian  tactics,  it  is  interesting to  recall,  were
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--37
+
+
+[Illustration: RUSSIAN INFANTRY SMASHING A GERMAN NIGHT-ATTACK IN MASSED
+COLUMNS, IN A BATTLE ON THE VISTULA.]
+
+exactly the  same as those  with which, as our  own officers and  men have
+described in letters  home, Sir John French's battalions in  every case so
+effectively shattered the  German efforts at breaking  through the British
+during  the retreat  after Mons.  The Russians,  it is  stated, invariably
+allowed the Germans to come in to well within point-blank range, remaining
+silent, holding their fire and not showing a light meanwhile. Then, as the
+enemy got within point-blank range, searchlights were suddenly switched on
+and  a ceaseless  fusillade  of  Maxim and  rifle-fire  from the  Russians
+literally mowed the Germans down by hundreds, breaking up their masses and
+paralysing the attack.  Our illustration shows one of the  combats just at
+the critical moment.--[_Drawn by Frederic de Haenen._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+38--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: SHIPS THE BRITISH NAVY MIGHT HAVE HAD! FREAKS OF MARINE
+ARCHITECTURE THAT HAVE NOT BEEN OFFICIALLY ADOPTED.]
+
+We  illustrate here  and on  the page  opposite some  curious designs  for
+war-ships by various  inventors. No. 1 is  McDougal's Armoured Whale-back,
+with  conning-towers, a  design  of 1892  for  converting whalebacks  into
+war-vessels.  No. 2  is an  American  design of  1892, Commodore  Folger's
+Dynamite Ram, cigar-shaped,  with two guns throwing masses  of dynamite or
+aerial torpedoes. No. 3 is a design by the Earl of Mayo in 1894 and called
+"Aries the  Ram," built round  an immense beam  of steel terminating  in a
+sharp point, No. 4 is Gathmann's boat for a heavy gun forward, designed in
+1900. She was to  be of great speed, and the forward gun  was to throw 600
+lb. of gun-cotton at the rate of 2000 feet per second. A formidable Armada
+this, had it been practicable.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--39
+
+
+[Illustration: SHIPS THE BRITISH, AND THE GERMAN, NAVY MIGHT HAVE HAD!
+DESIGNS BY THE KAISER AND OTHER NAVAL THEORISTS.]
+
+The first illustration on this page is  a design for a battle-ship made by
+the Kaiser in 1893,  to replace the old "Preussen," then  out of date. The
+vessel  was  to  carry  four  large barbettes  and  a  huge  umbrella-like
+fighting-top. Illustration No. 2 is  an Immersible Ironclad, designed by a
+French engineer named  Le Grand, in 1862.  In action the vessel  was to be
+partly  submerged, so  that only  her  three turrets  and the  top of  the
+armoured glacis  would be visible.  No. 3  is Admiral Elliott's  "Ram," of
+1884.  The  ship was  to  carry  a  "crinoline"  of stanchions  along  her
+water-line, practically  a fixed  torpedo-net. No.  4 is  Thomas Cornish's
+Invulnerable  Ironclad, of  1885. She  was to  have two  separate parallel
+hulls under water; above she was of turtle-back shape.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+40--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: EXPERTS IN CLOSE-QUARTER FIGHTING: SIBERIAN INFANTRYMEN
+IN THEIR FIELD-SERVICE EQUIPMENT AT WARSAW.]
+
+Our illustration shows  a halt in one  of the squares of Warsaw  of one of
+the regiments  of Siberian infantry, whose  magnificent fighting qualities
+in all  the battles  of the war  in the eastern  theatre of  operations in
+which they have  taken part have gained  for them, as the  accounts of the
+different actions  sent to  London from  Petrograd testify,  the outspoken
+admiration of the whole Russian  Army. Particularly singled out for praise
+has been their audacious expertness  in close-quarter combats. They supply
+both infantry and  artillery, and are recruited all  over Siberia, forming
+ordinarily two separate commands, the  East Siberian and the West Siberian
+troops, which garrison the  fortresses and districts between Vladisvostock
+and the  Ural Mountains, the  dividing range between European  and Asiatic
+Russia.
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--41
+
+
+[Illustration: THE LETTER HOME: A BRITISH SOLDIER WRITING IN A LOFT OVER
+A COW-SHED "SOMEWHERE NEAR THE FRONT."]
+
+One  of the  happiest features  of  the Great  War,  and one  of its  most
+favourable omens, is  the optimistic spirit in which  our troops, officers
+and men  alike, are  making the  best of  things, in  spite of  the trying
+conditions in  which they have to  live and carry out  their arduous work.
+They  are  as proof  against  physical  discomfort  or hardships,  and  as
+determined to  be "jolly,"  as was Mark  Tapley himself.  Our illustration
+shows one of our soldiers writing home  from the loft over a cow-shed, his
+only shelter "somewhere near the front."  A shaft of sunlight relieves the
+gloom of his rough surroundings, and no doubt is reflected in the messages
+he is  sending to  his friends at  home. It is  this wholesome  spirit, in
+small  matters  and  in  great,  which  makes  for  success.--[_Photo.  by
+Newspaper Illus._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+42--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: SERBIA'S GREAT TRIUMPH: AUSTRIAN PRISONERS; HONOURING THE
+DEAD: AND SERBIAN WOMEN HELPING WITH THE GUNS.]
+
+It  has  fallen  to  the  Serbians   to  furnish  the  most  complete  and
+overwhelming triumph  yet achieved in  the war--the smashing  victory over
+the  Austrian  Army on  the  River  Drina during  the  first  ten days  of
+December.  Our  photographs  were  taken  on  and  near  the  battlefield.
+No.  1 on  the  first page  represents a  preliminary  incident. It  shows
+an  Austrian  patrol  captured  while   pressing  forward  with  the  rash
+assurance that  characterised the  Austrian headlong advance.  No. 2  is a
+battlefield  scene, on  December 3,  when the  Serbians suddenly  attacked
+the  Austrians  and  broke  up  their  positions  at  all  points  at  the
+outset,  making  whole regiments,  scattered  and  isolated among  ravines
+and  valleys,  in  many  instances, surrender  at  discretion.  One  corps
+of  disarmed  Austrian  prisoners  is  seen while  being  marched  to  the
+
+                                                    [_Continued opposite._
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--43
+
+
+[Illustration: SERBIAN WOMEN IN THE FIELD WITH THEIR MEN: PEASANTS
+BRINGING A WOUNDED SOLDIER TO THE DRESSING-TENT.]
+
+_Continued._]
+
+rear.  No. 3  shows Serbian  villagers placing  wreaths on  the graves  of
+fallen  countrymen. Photograph  No. 4  lets  us realise  something of  the
+heroic part the women villagers took in helping to achieve the triumph. As
+the  battle took  shape they  came forward  and cheered  the men-folk  on,
+calling out  "Napred, braco,  Napred," "Forward, brothers,  forward," also
+helping (as our photograph shows) to push the cannon and ease the worn-out
+horses. Yet another instance of the work the Serbian women did is shown in
+our page  photograph. Owing to the  lack of Red Cross  men attendants, the
+peasant women took  on themselves to serve  as stretcher-bearers, bringing
+in  the wounded,  as these  fell in  fight, to  the dressing-tents  in the
+villages and  the churches,  which were  used as  hospitals.--[_Photos. by
+Topical._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+44--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: WITH "SPIT" HELD BY RIFLES, A SPADE, AND A COUPLE OF
+STICKS: COOKING THE CHRISTMAS GEESE AT THE FRONT.]
+
+There was no Christmas  truce at the front. The grim  realities of the war
+over-rode all considerations  of sentiment, and the hope which  was, for a
+while, common to both sides had to be left unfulfilled. None the less, the
+Season was not  without its little luxuries, and, thanks  to the excellent
+work  of the  Army Service  Corps  and the  thoughtfulness of  sympathetic
+friends  at home,  there  was  no dearth  of  substantial necessaries  and
+comforts, as well as tobacco and cigarettes galore. Our illustration shows
+a group  of soldiers  cooking their  Christmas geese in  the open,  and as
+intent  upon their  task as  though  such conditions  were quite  orthodox
+and  even such  minor alarums  as  "spasmodic artillery  duels, and  local
+fusillades" were things unheard of.--[_Photo. by L.N.A._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--45
+
+
+[Illustration: CHRISTMAS AT THE FRONT: BRITISH SOLDIERS BRINGING IN
+MISTLETOE.]
+
+It is pleasant  to think that, with  all the dangers and  anxieties of the
+war, our soldiers at the front paid  tribute to the season of goodwill. It
+is a reassuring picture, this of the  two men in khaki, rifle on shoulder,
+but  swinging  from the  deadly  barrels  berried  mistletoe, so  rich  in
+suggestion of the happiness of Christmases when the scourge of war was not
+upon the nations.--[_Photograph by L.N.A._]
+
+
+[Illustration: TRYING A BRITISH DAINTY! A FRENCH SOLDIER EATING
+CHRISTMAS PUDDING.]
+
+The  conditions under  which tens  of  thousands of  soldiers spent  their
+Christmas were memorably abnormal, but, none  the less, the season was not
+passed  without such  observance of  old customs,  and such  care for  all
+available good  cheer, as were  possible. Our illustration shows  a French
+soldier obviously enjoying  his Christmas dinner despite the  fact that he
+has to eat it by the wayside.--[_Photo. by Alfieri._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+46--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: A MISSING LONDONER! AN ENGLISH M.E.T. MOTOR-'BUS IN THE
+HANDS OF THE GERMANS AND PUT TO USE BY THEM.]
+
+As with our  London soldiers at the  front, the fortune of  war has levied
+its toll on  other Londoners. Our photograph depicts  the unfortunate fate
+that has befallen  a once well-known object in the  streets of London--one
+of  the motor-'buses  shipped across  to France  to serve  in transporting
+British troops to  the front, now in  the hands of the enemy.  Not many of
+them have  had such bad luck,  from all accounts, but  accidents cannot be
+helped, and  a victim  has been  claimed now and  again, mostly  at places
+where some raiding  Uhlan patrol has managed  to cut in and  ambush one on
+some outlying road  near the line of communications between  the front and
+an  army base,  catching the  'bus while  returning after  discharging its
+soldier "fares."
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+                    THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--47
+
+
+[Illustration: WEAPONS OF GREY "MOLES," AT TSING-TAU: A LAND-MINE AND
+EMERGENCY HAND-GRENADES CAPTURED FROM THE GERMANS.]
+
+The Germans made use of land-mines in  the defence of Tsing-tau, and a few
+days after  the town's surrender, on  Nov. 7, several exploded  while they
+were being  removed by  the Japanese,  causing much loss  of life.  It was
+stated  that the  explosions  killed  two officers  and  eight men,  while
+one  officer  and  fifty-six  men  were injured.  The  Germans  also  used
+hand-grenades, as  shown in our photograph.  These appear to have  been of
+the improvised "jam-tin" type such as has been employed in the trenches in
+Flanders  "Eye-Witness" wrote  recently: "Mines  have not  played such  an
+important part  in this  mole-work as  might have  been supposed.  We have
+heard the  enemy mining and  we have tried  it ourselves, but  one strikes
+water in  this country  between seven and  eight feet  down."--[_Photo. by
+C.N._]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+48--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]
+
+
+[Illustration: IN SHELTERS SUGGESTING A ROW OF MINIATURE RAILWAY-ARCHES!
+GERMANS IN THEIR "RABBIT-WARRENS" IN THE ARGONNE.]
+
+"In  the Argonne  we  beat  back the  enemy's  attacks  and preserved  our
+front." That  is a typical announcement  one constantly sees in  the Paris
+_communiques_ recording events in the  district where the photograph given
+above was taken. Special interest being taken in the fighting in Flanders,
+one rather  overlooks the give-and-take  warfare being carried  on further
+east, where  siege-trench fighting like that  on the Aisne still  goes on.
+There the  Germans occupy deeply  dug lines which  are largely made  up of
+underground  galleries partly  natural, partly  artificial, in  character,
+as  our  photograph shows.  When  the  French  artillery fire  is  severe,
+the  Germans  scuttle like  rabbits  into  their  burrows, coming  out  to
+man  the  trenches in  front  immediately  the  French infantry  begin  to
+approach.--[_Photo. by C.N._]
+
+==========================================================================
+
+London: Published Weekly at the Office,  172, Strand, in the Parish of St.
+Clement  Danes, in  the county  of London,  by <sc>The  Illustrated London
+News  and  Sketch,  Ltd.</sc>,  172, Strand,  aforesaid;  and  Printed  by
+<sc>The  Illustrated  London News  and  Sketch,  Ltd.</sc>, Milford  Lane,
+W.C.--<sc>Wednesday, Dec. 30, 1914.</sc>
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+
+  ========================================================================
+  To ensure a regular supply of  the following papers, the Publisher would
+  be glad if you  would sign the order (or orders) below  and send to your
+  Railway Bookstall or Local Newsagent.
+  ========================================================================
+                                     :
+                                     :  _To Messrs._ _____________________
+  _To Messrs._ _____________________ :
+                                     :  __________________________________
+                                     :
+  __________________________________ :  _Please supply me each week with a
+                                     :  copy of_ THE SKETCH.
+  _Please supply me each  week  with :  __________________________________
+  a copy of_ THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON  :
+  NEWS.                              :  __________________________________
+  __________________________________ :....................................
+                                     :
+                                     :  _To Messrs._ _____________________
+  __________________________________ :
+                                     :  __________________________________
+                                     :
+  __________________________________ :  _Please supply me each week during
+                                     :  the War with a copy of_
+                                     :  THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS.
+  __________________________________ :  __________________________________
+                                     :
+                                     :  __________________________________
+  ...................................:....................................
+
+  _To Messrs._ _____________________    __________________________________
+
+                _Please supply me with a copy of each of the
+                       above =3= papers every week._
+  __________________________________    __________________________________
+  ========================================================================
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+N.B.--This  Leaflet must  be Removed  before Posting  this Number  of "The
+Illustrated War News."
+
+
+[Illustration: _Photo. Newspaper Illustrations_
+
+LIEUTENANT THE PRINCE OF WALES, AIDE-DE-CAMP TO SIR JOHN FRENCH, AT THE
+FRONT: H.R.H. DRIVING HIS OWN CAR, WITH PRINCE ALEXANDER OF TECK AS
+PASSENGER.]
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--III
+
+  ========================================================================
+                                    |   CLOSELY IN TOUCH WITH EVERYTHING
+          Read 'THE SKETCH.'        |        OCCURRING AT THE FRONT
+                                    |
+                                    |                THE
+     ____________\|/____________    |       Illustrated London News
+                                    |       ==========//===========
+     "The Sketch" treats a          |
+      side of the War upon          |   Guarantees that all its Drawings
+      which the other Illustrated   |    and Photographs are Authentic.
+      Weekly Newspapers             |
+      do not touch.                 |                THE
+     ___________________________    |       Illustrated London News
+                 /|\                |       ==========//===========
+                                    |
+                                    | has the Finest Staff of War Artists
+          Read 'THE SKETCH.'        |           in the World.
+                                    |
+          _Every Wednesday._        |   SIXPENCE WEEKLY (Every Friday).
+                                    |
+            6d. ===== 6d.           | PUBLISHING OFFICE:
+                                    | 172, STRAND, W.C.
+                                    |
+         PUBLISHING OFFICE:         |           EDITORIAL OFFICE:
+      172, STRAND. LONDON, W.C.     |           MILFORD LANE, STRAND, W.C.
+  ========================================================================
+
+
+
+
+__________________________________________________________________________
+THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--IV
+
+  ========================================================================
+
+                    The Most Economical Food for your Baby
+                        is either Breast Milk or Glaxo
+
+  Pure, easily digestible milk is the only food suitable for a young baby,
+  and contains  everything baby needs.  That is  why, if Baby  cannot have
+  breast milk,  he _must_ have  Glaxo, which  is milk enriched  with extra
+  cream made  pure and easily digestible.  It costs you but  a trifle more
+  than  ordinary milk,  and  is  not only  the  one  safe alternative  for
+  breast-milk, but  is also more  economical than  foods which have  to be
+  mixed with  milk to make them  nourishing. Glaxo can be  given either in
+  turn with breast-milk or as the sole food from birth.
+
+      Breast  milk  does  not  contain    and   purity   are   permanently
+      Starch,  Flour,   Malt  or  Cane    retained  by the  Glaxo Process,
+      Sugar,  _neither   does  Glaxo_.    which dries  the milk  and cream
+      Glaxo  is  entirely pure,  fresh    to  a  powder  and  also  causes
+      milk, enriched  with extra cream    the nourishing curd  of the milk
+      and  milk-sugar.  Only the  very    subsequently to form into light,
+      best  milk is  made into  Glaxo,    flaky particles  easily digested
+      and, so  that it shall  be quite    by  even a  very weak  baby. _As
+      fresh,  the  milk  is  delivered    a  well-known doctor  has said_:
+      to  the Glaxo  factory within  a    "Glaxo is superior to (ordinary)
+      few  hours  of its  being  drawn    cow's  milk  for infants,  being
+      from the cow, and is immediately    so  much  more  digestible,  and
+      pasteurised and filtered and the    should be  absolutely invaluable
+      necessary  cream and  milk-sugar    to  mothers who  for any  reason
+      added. All the natural sweetness    cannot suckle their infants."
+
+  --------------------------------------  (Signed) ---- M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.
+  : [Illustration]                     :
+  :                                    :  In  preparing Glaxo--you  simply
+  :                                    :  add  boiling water.  No cooking;
+  :                                    :  no elaborate mixing;  no risk of
+  :                                    :  making  a  serious  mistake;  no
+  :                                    :  delay--so  that  baby  does  not
+  :                                    :  become angry  and screaming with
+  :                                    :  increasing hunger. Milk or cream
+  :                                    :  is  not required,  because Glaxo
+  :                                    :  itself  is  milk and  cream,  so
+  :                                    :  there is  no heavy milk  bill to
+  :                                    :  pay.
+  :                                    :
+  :                                    :         _Ask your Doctor!_
+  :                                    :
+  --------------------------------------              =GLAXO=
+
+    _Awarded Gold Medal, International Medical Congress Exhibition, 1913.
+                     By Appointment to the Court of Spain._
+
+                           "=Builds Bonnie Babies="
+
+                            _Glaxo is All-British_
+
+                      GLAXO BABY BOOK FREE: TRIAL TIN 3d.
+
+  Sent on request by
+  GLAXO, 47R, KING'S RD., ST. PANCRAS, N.W.
+
+  ========================================================================
+  Before you buy a Feeder--ask your Chemist to show you the GLAXO FEEDER
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Illustrated War News, Number 21,
+Dec. 30, 1914, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS ***
+
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