diff options
| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 04:50:03 -0700 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 04:50:03 -0700 |
| commit | dc11487676756048db5256e3ca4c5f42caaf65de (patch) | |
| tree | 9877b9f12f17cb27224c2a7fc007685fb6a264a9 | |
| -rw-r--r-- | .gitattributes | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 16962-8.txt | 7239 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 16962-8.zip | bin | 0 -> 111881 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 16962-h.zip | bin | 0 -> 966521 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 16962-h/16962-h.htm | 7547 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 16962-h/images/artillery.jpg | bin | 0 -> 122273 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 16962-h/images/bastille.jpg | bin | 0 -> 480055 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 16962-h/images/bastilleth.jpg | bin | 0 -> 102994 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 16962-h/images/execution.jpg | bin | 0 -> 146135 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 16962.txt | 7239 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 16962.zip | bin | 0 -> 111648 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | LICENSE.txt | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | README.md | 2 |
13 files changed, 22041 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/16962-8.txt b/16962-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..904cdcd --- /dev/null +++ b/16962-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7239 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Historical Epochs of the French Revolution +by H. Goudemetz + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Historical Epochs of the French Revolution + With The Judgment And Execution Of Louis XVI., King Of + France; And A List Of The Members Of The National + Convention, Who Voted For And Against His Death + +Author: H. Goudemetz + +Translator: Rev. Dr. Randolph + +Release Date: October 29, 2005 [EBook #16962] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EPOCHS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION *** + + + + +Produced by Desmond Grocott + + + + + +HISTORICAL EPOCHS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION; + +WITH THE Judgment and Execution OF + +LOUIS XVI. KING OF FRANCE; + +AND A LIST OF THE MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, + +Who voted FOR and AGAINST his DEATH. + +PRICE 4s. + +****** + +HISTORICAL EPOCHS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION + +TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH OF H. GOUDEMETZ, + +A FRENCH CLERGYMAN EMIGRANT IN ENGLAND. + +DEDICATED, BY PERMISSION, TO + +His ROYAL HIGHNESS the DUKE of YORK, + +BY THE REV. DR. RANDOLPH. + +TO WHICH IS SUBJOINED, WITH CONSIDERABLE ADDITIONS, + +THE THIRD EDITION OF THE Judgment and Execution Of + +LOUIS XVI. KING OF FRANCE; + +WITH A LIST OF THE MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, + +Who voted FOR and AGAINST his DEATH; + +AND THE NAMES OF MANY OF THE MOST CONSIDERABLE SUFFERERS IN +THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, DISTINGUISHED ACCORDING +TO THEIR PRINCIPLES. + +BATH, PRINTED BY R. CRUTTWELL FOR THE AUTHOR; +AND SOLD BY C. DILLY, POULTRY, LONDON: THE BOOKSELLERS OF BATH, &c. +MDCCXCVI + +****** + +DEDICATION. + +TO HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF YORK. + +SIR, + WITH the design of serving an amiable and worthy man, I have +availed myself of your Royal Highness's permission to dedicate to you +the translation of a work, which, as a faithful narrative of events, +wants no additional comment to make it interesting. A detail of +facts, in which your Royal Highness, in behalf of your country, has +been so honourably engaged, may not prove unwelcome in aid of +recollection; and a detail of facts, built on the experimental +horrors of popular power, and which, proceeding from the wildness of +theory to the madness of practice, has swept away every vestige of +civil polity, and would soon leave neither law nor religion in the +world, cannot, either in point of instruction or warning, be +unreasonably laid before my fellow-citizens at large. + +Under the sanction, therefore, Sir, of your illustrious name, I +willingly commit to them this memorial. And if an innocent victim +of oppression should thus derive a small, though painful, +subsistence from a plain and publick (sic) recital of his country's +crimes, I shall be abundantly repaid for the little share I may have +had in bringing it into notice; and by the opportunity it affords me +of subscribing myself + +Your ever grateful and devoted humble servant, + +FRANCIS RANDOLPH. + +BATH, July 22, 1796 + +****** + +PREFACE + +THE following sheets contain a journal of principal events of the +French Revolution. The best authorities have been resorted to, and +the facts are related without any comment. The reader will find a +faithful outline of an interesting and momentous period of history, +and will see how naturally each error produced its corresponding +misfortune. + +Various causes contributed to effect a revolution in the minds of +Frenchmen, and led the way to a revolution in the state. The +arbitrary nature of the government had been long submitted to, and +perhaps would have continued so much longer, if France had not taken +part in the American war. + +The perfidious policy of VERGENNES, who, with a view of humbling the +pride of England, assisted the subject in arms against his Sovereign, +soon imported into his own nation the seeds of liberty, which it had +helped to cultivate in a country of rebellion; and the crown of +France, as I once heard it emphatically observed, was lost in the +plains of America. The soldier returned to Europe with new doctrines +instead of new discipline, and the army in general soon grew +dissatisfied with the Monarch, on account of unusual, and, as they +thought, ignominious rigours which were introduced into it from the +military school of Germany. The King also, from a necessity of +retrenchment, had induced his ministers to adopt some mistaken +measures of economy respecting the troops, and thus increased the +odium which pride had fostered, and by diminishing the splendour of +the crown, stripped it of its security and protection. + +To this was added the wanton profusion of the Court in other +expenses, and the external parade and brilliancy, which, if they +impoverish, often dazzle and gratify the people, was exchanged for +familiar entertainments, which gave rise to frequent jealousies among +the nobles, and tended to lower that sense of awe and respect for +royalty among the people, which in monarchies it is of the utmost +importance to preserve. + +At this time, also, philosophical discussion had reached its pinnacle +of boldness. Infidelity had woven the web of discord in the human +mind, which was now ripe for experiment, and ROUSSEAU and VOLTAIRE +were the favourite authors. + +Previous to the year 1789, from the extreme disorder of the finances, +it became necessary to raise money by extraordinary taxes, which the +common powers of the parliament were deemed insufficient to +authorize; and afraid, in the present temper of the people, to impose +upon them unusual burthens, ministers looked with solicitude for +some other sanctions. + +Monsieur DE CALONNE was unwilling to adopt so dangerous an expedient +as that of assembling the states-general; [Footnote: An Assembly +consisting of deputies from the three orders of citizens in France, +namely, the clergy, the nobility, and the tiers-etat; which last +included every French citizen who was not of the clergy or nobility.] +he therefore adopted the expedient of summoning an assembly of +_notables_, or eminent persons, chosen by the King from the different +parts of the kingdom. + +This assembly did not prove so favourable to the measures of the +minister as he expected: Monsieur DE CALONNE was displaced, and the +assembly was soon after dissolved, having declared itself incompetent +to decide on the taxes proposed. + +The King then commanded the parliament of Paris to register his +edicts for successive loans to the government; but his commands +were rejected. [Footnote: Chiefly, as it was supposed, through the +influence of the Duke of Orleans.] + +In the meantime, that spirit of discussing philosophical subjects, +which we have before mentioned, now fixed itself on politics. The +people exclaimed against the weight of taxes, and the extravagance +of courtiers; they complained of peculiar exemptions from the +general burthens, and of grievances which arose from lettres-de +-cachet, and other despotic powers of the government. + +The King, desirous of yielding to the wishes of the people, recalled +Monsieur NECKAR to the administration, and in conformity to his +advice, his Majesty declared his resolution of convening the +states-general. But in order to regulate all matters relative to the +meeting of this important assembly, it was resolved to convoke the +notables a second time. Among these, a diversity of opinion appeared +respecting the comparative number of deputies to be sent by the +Commons, and the two other orders; the cardinal point on which the +whole success of the revolution eventually turned. [Footnote: The +last assembly of the states-general, which had been held in France in +1614, was composed of 140 deputies from the order of the clergy, +among whom were five cardinals, seven archbishops, and 47 bishops; +132, representatives of the nobility; and 192 deputies from the +commons. The Cardinal de JOYEUSE was president of the clergy; the +Baron SENECEY of the nobility; and the president of the commons was +ROBERT MIRON, Prêvot-de-Marchands, (an officer similar to that of +mayor of Paris.)] All the classes into which the notables were +divided, decided for an equality of deputies, except those in which +MONSIEUR and the Duke of ORLEANS presided. + +In these, it was agreed that the representatives of the commons +should be equal in number to those of the other two states. The +ministry were of opinion that this double representation was +adviseable (sic), and persuaded themselves that, through their weight +and influence they should be able to prevent any mischief to be +apprehended from this preponderance of the tiers-etat. By their +advice, the King issued an ordinance in January 1789, throughout the +whole kingdom, commanding the people to assemble in their bailiwicks, +and to nominate deputies to represent them in the states-general; +viz. 300 for the clergy, 300 for the nobility, and 600 for the +commons. + +HAC FONTE DERIVATA CLADES. + +****** + +N. B. The first legislature, which was called the National Assembly, +has now the name of the "Constituent Assembly." + +The second is called the "Legislative Assembly;" and the third +legislature is called "the National Convention." + +[Illustration: Frontispiece--Artillery.jpg] + +****** +HISTORICAL EPOCHS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. + +****** + +1787. +_March_. THE Assembly of Notables first convened under the + ministry of Mons. de Calonne, comptroller-general + of the finances. +1788. +_August_. Mons. Necker replaced at the head of the finances + on the dismission (sic) of Mons. de Calonne; and + Mons. de Lomenie, archbishop of Toulouse, made + prime minister. +_Nov_. Mons. Necker persuades the King to call the + Notables together a second time. +1789. +_January_. Letters issued in the name of the King for an + assembly of the States-general. The clergy to + depute 300 representatives, the nobility the like + number, and the commons 600. +_May_ 5. Opening of the States-general at Versailles. +_June_ 17. The chamber of the Tiers-Etat (commons) declares + itself a national assembly. + 19. The Tiers-Etat takes the famous oath, known by the + "serment au Jeu de Paume," not to separate until + the constitution should be established. + 23. The King goes in person to the assembly--but his + presence, far from intimidating the members, + renders them so intractable that from this epoch + may be dated the first attacks upon the royal + authority. + 24. Forty-eight of the nobles, with the Duke of Orleans + at their head, unite with the tiers-etat (third + estate, or commons). + A considerable number of the clergy follow their + example. + 28. The King, from a desire of peace, requests the + whole body of nobility and clergy to unite in one + assembly with the commons; which is acceded to. + 29. Great rejoicings in Paris on account of this union. +_July_ 11. The King in disgust dismisses Monsieur Necker. + 12. The Prince de Lambesc appears at the Tuilleries + with an armed party of soldiers. + 13. The city of Paris flies to arms. The Bastille is + attacked, and taken by the populace; + + [Illustration: BASTILLE.jpg] + + 14. Mons. de L'Aulnay, the governor, falls a victim to + the fury of the assailants. Bertier, intendant of + Paris; Foulon, secretary of state; and de + Flesselle, prêvot des Marchands, (somewhat like + mayor of Paris) are massacred. From, this period + the maxim was adopted, "that insurrection was the + most sacred of duties." + 15. The King goes to the assembly to confer with it + upon the disturbances of Paris. Many considerable + persons fly the country. + 16. The Marquis de la Fayette, and Monsieur Bailly, are + nominated, one to command the national guards of + Paris, the other to be mayor of Paris. + 17. In hopes of quieting the alarming tumults, the King + comes to Paris. Bailly harangues him freely at the + Hotel de la Ville, (sic) and the King receives the + three-coloured cockade. +_August_ 1. Massacre of the mayor of St. Dennis. + 4. Abolition of tithes, and of all feudal rights and + privileges. + Louis is proclaimed the restorer of French liberty. + 7. The King is obliged to recall Necker. + 27. The liberty of the press is established. +_Sept_. 15. The person of the King is decreed to be inviolable; + and the crown of France hereditary and indivisible. + 29. Decreed, that it be recommended that all church + plate be brought to the mint. +_Oct_. 1. The King is forced to accept and give the sanction + of his approbation to the famous "Rights of Man." + 5. The Marquis de la Fayette at the head of 30,000 + Parisians marches to Versailles. + 6. After murdering the King's guards under the windows + of the Palace, they forcibly conduct both him and + the Queen to Paris amidst the insults of the + populace, and with great danger of their lives. + 10. Tayllerang-Perigord, bishop of Autun, proposes that + the nation should seize the property of the clergy. + 12. Decreed, that the National Assembly be removed from + Versailles to Paris. + 15. The Duke of Orleans obtains leave to go to England. + 19. The first sitting of the National Constituent + Assembly at Paris. + 21. The people of Paris hang a baker. + The Jacobin Club commenced at this time; first + known by the name of the "Club de la Propagande." + The name of Jacobins was derived from the house + where the club met, and which had belonged to the + religious order of Jacobins. +_Nov_. 22. The commune of Paris makes a patriotic gift of its + silver buckles. + A general patriotic contribution is first + requested, and afterwards forced. +_Dec_. 7. Decree upon the disturbances at Toulon. + Another for dividing France into 83 departments, 83 + tribunals, 544 civil tribunals, 548 districts, and + 43,815 municipalities. + 10. Vandernoot, and the disaffected in Brabant, write + to the King and to the National Constituent + Assembly; but their letter is returned. + 25. Mons. de Favras, knight of St. Louis, arrested. +1790. +_January_ 1. The King is stripped of most of his royal + prerogatives. + 4. The assembly desires him to fix the amount of his + civil list. + 6. The castle of Kéralier burnt by plunderers. + The three orders of the clergy, nobility, and + commons, suppressed as distinct orders of the + monarchy. + 7. Decree for the form of a civic oath to be taken by + the national guards. + 13. Decreed that Paris shall form one department. + Decree in favour of Jews; another to remove the + prejudices which are attached to the families of + criminals. +_Feb_. 1. The King, after a long speech to the assembly, + takes the civic oath, together with all the + members. + 19. De Favras executed. + 20. Death of Joseph IId. emperor of Germany. +_March_. Massacres and fires in Lower-Languedoc. + 7. Grand review of the national guards in the Elysian + fields. + The scarcity of specie induces the necessity of + issuing paper money called assignats. + 8. Decreed, that the colonies form a part of the + French empire. + 11. Insurrection at Meaux. + 12. The red-book (book of court-accounts) made + publick.(sic) + 14. Insurrection at the national theatre. + 18. Sale of the property of the church decreed, by + which the government is enabled to abolish the duty + on salt. +_April_. The Prince of Conti takes the civic oath in the + municipality of Paris. + 11. The Abbé‚ Maury and Viscount Mirabeau attacked + by the populace on coming out of the assembly. + The assembly refuses to acknowledge the Roman + Catholick (sic) religion as the religion of the + state; and this resolution is followed by + forbidding all particularity of dress or form in + ecclesiastics. + 22. General Paoli, at the head of a deputation from + Corsica, presents himself to the national assembly. + 24. Insurrection at Marseilles. +_May_. Report and decree upon the disturbances at Mount + Auban. + Monastic vows prohibited in future. + 17. Orders of knighthood and military decorations + abolished. + 22. Decreed, that the right of making peace and war + belongs to the people. + 25. The Parisians occupied with hanging several + robbers. +_June_. Public Seminaries and academies of instruction + suppressed. + 9. The King goes to the assembly, and requires 25 + millions of livres for his civil list. + 10. The Queen's dower fixed at four millions. + One million is voted for the King's brothers. + 16. Massacres and disorders at Nismes (sic). + 19. Suppression of nobility, of all titles and orders, + of armorial bearings, and of livery-servants. +_July_ 3. Justices of the peace appointed throughout the + kingdom. + 14. Ceremony of a general federation, at which the King + is obliged to assist, to commemorate the destruction + of the Bastille. + Trial by jury introduced in criminal matters. + Judges to be chosen by cantons and districts; one + for the former, and five for the latter. + 26. The constituent assembly publishes a civil + constitution for the acceptance of the clergy, + which they refuse to admit. +_August_. Affair at Nancy--five regiments revolt. + Insurrection at Martinico (sic) announced. + Désilles shot at Nancy by the Swiss. + Mons. Necker, whose popularity declined, is obliged + to leave the kingdom precipitately. + The assembly, having declared the property of the + Crown to be that of the nation, grants to the King the + sum he required for his civil list. +_Sept_. Horrid massacres in the colonies. +_Oct_. 28. Fourteen castles are burned and plundered in + Dauphiny. + 30. Outrageous conduct of two regiments at Béfort. +_Nov_. 2. The clergy propose to raise four millions of livres + in their own body for the exigence of the state. + The assembly seizes the whole ecclesiastical + revenue, without any respect of persons or + property. + 13. Pillage of the house of the Marshal de Castries at + Paris. + 21. Duport-du-Terre appointed keeper of the seals. + 27. The assembly requires that every ecclesiastic, + doing duty, shall swear to maintain with all his + power and interest the constitution, and every + thing that had been or should be ordained by its + decrees. +1791. + +_Jan_. The debts of the church decreed to be national. + The King refuses to sanction the above decrees + respecting the clergy, but is at length forced to + it by threats and terror. + 4. The clergy in the national assembly refuse to comply + with the foregoing decree, and in consequence of + their refusal a law passes that their benefices + shall be filled by such of the clergy as will take + the oaths of allegiance to the state. + Abolition of all the parliaments and sovereign + courts of France. + The Count d'Artois finds it prudent to quit the + kingdom. + Out of 138 prelates only four take the + constitutional oath, namely, the archbishop of + Sens, the bishops of Viviers, Orleans, and Autun. + The latter alone carries his apostacy (sic) so far + as to consecrate other bishops, who were presented + to the vacant sees. + Horrid treatment at Chateau-Gouthier of Mad'lle de + la Barne de Joyeuse. + 10. Decree about stamps. + 14. Decreed, that bishops and parsons shall be elected + by the people. + 23. A violent meeting at the Jacobin club. + 24. Massacres at the village de-la-Chapelle near Paris. + 26. Decree to enforce the oath by priests. + 29. Mirabeau president of the constituent national + assembly. +_February_. Deputation of Quakers to the assembly. + Decree to admit the free cultivation of tobacco. + Disorders in Le Querci. + 21. The King's aunts stopped at Arnay-le-Duc, and + forced to shew their pass, and permission to retire + to Rome. With difficulty they obtain leave to + proceed. + Insurrection at Vincennes near Paris. +_March_ 4. The pope issues two letters against the + ecclesiastical constitution of France, and the + clergy who had taken the oath to it. He deprives + the archbishop of Sens, the Cardinal de Lomenie de + Brienne, of his cardinal's hat. + Massacres at St. Domingo. + 5. Indisposition of the King. + 9. Decreed, that the prisoners charged with treason + (lêze-nation) shall be conveyed to Orleans. + Gobet, a member of the assembly, appointed bishop + of Paris. + Insurrection and massacres at Douai. + 22. Decree excluding women from the regency. + 25. The majority of the Kings of France fixed at + eighteen years. + Discussion on the fate of the invalids. + Mons. de M'Nemara massacred at l'Isle-de-France. + 26. Public functionaries compelled to residence. + 28. The monarchical club at Paris attacked by the + populace with stones, and dispersed. + 29. Report upon an insurrection at Toulon. + The minister of the church of St. Sulpice, who had + not conformed to the national oath, escapes with + great difficulty from the violence of the populace. +_April_ 3. The death of Mirabeau announced to the assembly: + decreed, that he shall have the honours of the + Pantheon, (formerly the beautiful church of St. + Genevieve). + 7. Decreed, that no deputy to the national assembly + shall be admissible into the ministry until four + years after the expiration of the legislature of + which he is a member. + 8. Decreed that no deputy to the assembly shall accept + any favour from the executive power for four + years. + Several nuns in Paris and elsewhere were publicly + whipped for persisting to adhere to the old forms + of worship. + 10. Insurrection at Cevennes. + Report on the insurrection of a regiment in + Languedoc. + 13. Engagement between the officers and garrison of + Weissembourg. + 14. Riot at Nantz (sic) on account of the inauguration + of the three-coloured flag. + 17. The sale of the property of the church is decreed. + 18. The King proposes to go to St. Cloud; the people + oppose and stop him. + The King complains of this violence to the + national assembly, but with little effect. + 20. Report of massacres in the county of Venaissin. + The King's ministers, through the influence or fear + of the national assembly, write to all the foreign + courts, that the King had placed himself at the + head of the revolution--from this epoch may be dated + the great emigrations of the nobility and other + considerable persons. + The Abbé Maury, the most intrepid defender of the + cause of the church and the King, retires + precipitately to Rome. + 23. Sad recital in the assembly of distresses in St. + Domingo. + 26. Assignats of five livres are issued. + 27. Massacres in the Limousin. + 28. Decreed, that soldiers may frequent jacobin + societies. +_May_ 1. The barriers are thrown open--all duties in the + interior parts of the kingdom abolished. + Civil war in the Venaissin. + 3. The effigy of the pope (sic) burnt in the + Palais-Royal. + 7. Decree permitting priests, who have not conformed, + to officiate in private. + Mons. de Massei massacred at Tulle. + Decree upon the people of colour. + 19. Massacre in the Vivarais. + 26. Decreed, that the Louvre and the Tuilleries united + shall be the habitation of the King, and that all + monuments of science and art shall be collected and + kept there. + 31. Decreed, that the punishment of death shall be + inflicted without torture. From thence came the + use of the guillotine;-an instrument of death so + called from its author, a member of the national + assembly. +_June_. Letter of the Abbé Raynal to the assembly. + Persecutions against non-conforming priests. Their + tithes given to the proprietors of the estates. + 5. The King deprived by decree of the power of + granting pardons. + 7. A law against regicides. + Conforming priests are everywhere put in possession + of the benefices of those who would not conform. + A general sale of ecclesiastical property. + 18. Decreed, that all military men take an oath of + fidelity to the nation. + Insurrection at Bastia. + 21. The King and royal family make their escape + 22. from Paris; they had nearly reached the frontiers, + when they were stopped at Varennes, + 25. and brought back ignominiously to Paris. + Count Dampierre is massacred under the King's eyes. + The Marquis de Bouillé writes a menacing letter to + the assembly on the subject of the King. + An order is intimated to the King to disband his + body guards. All the royal functions are + suspended. The King is kept a close prisoner. + Monsieur, the King's brother, escapes to Coblentz. +_July_ 9. M. de Cazelés resigns his place as a deputy. + 10. The national guards ordered to the frontiers. + 11. The body of Voltaire transferred to the Pantheon. + 14. Grand celebration of the anniversary of this day. + 17. Insurrection in the Champ de Mars--the red flag (the + signal of danger) continues flying a long time. + Disorders in the Pays-de-Caux, and at + Brie-Compte-Robert. + 23. Violent decree against emigrant nobles. + The assembly proceeds rigorously against those who + accompanied the King in his flight. + The King himself is not considered so culpable. + All distinctions of nobility, and all titles, are + wholly abolished. + The ministers are required to give an account every + ten days to the assembly of the execution of its + decrees. + The decree on people of colour spreads + consternation at St. Domingo. +_August_. Money is coined from the metal of the bells in + churches. + One hundred thousand livres voted to the academy of + science for the purpose of bringing weights and + measures to one uniform standard. + The title of Dauphin changed to that of Prince + Royal. + Rewards are decreed to all those who stopped the + King. + A committee is appointed to manage national + domains; that is, the confiscated property of the + King and clergy. + Decreed, that if within a month the King do not + take the oath to the nation, or if he retract it, + he shall be adjudged to have forfeited the crown. + Decreed, that the guard for the King shall not + exceed 1200 foot, and 600 horse. + Those who may be placed in succession to the throne + to have no other title than that of French princes. + Registers of the births, marriages, and burials, of + the royal family to be deposited in the archives of + the national assembly. + Suppression of the payment of a mark of silver, + which was heretofore required from such as were + deputed to the legislature. + Decreed, that every law relative to taxes shall be + independent of the royal sanction. + The ceremony of marriage to be considered + hereafter as a civil contract only. + Rousseau admitted to a place in the Pantheon. + The national assembly declares, that it will not + revise the constitution which it has just + established, before the expiration of thirty years. +_Sept_. The completion of the constitution announced to the + people, and that it will admit of no change. The + departments are all occupied in electing new + deputies to represent them in a second assembly. + Sixty members are appointed to carry the act of the + constitution to the King. + 4. The King restored to liberty. + Suppression of the order of St. Esprit; the + decorations of the blue ribband to be appropriated + to the King and the Prince-royal only. The King + declines to retain a distinction which he cannot + communicate. + Decreed, that the Rhine and Rhone be united by a + canal. + 14. The King accepts the constitution in form; he takes + the oath in presence of the assembly; and is + crowned by the president with a constitutional + crown. + Great rejoicings throughout all France. + The national guard to take place of the King's. + Whipping, and burning in the hand, annulled. + Three days allowed to every person under accusation + to defend himself and repel the charge. + In consequence of the acceptance of the + constitution, all criminal proceedings are stopped; + all persons confined on suspicion of + anti-revolutionary principles set at liberty; no + more passports required; a general amnesty takes + place; and the decree against emigrants is revoked. + Disturbances at Arles--suppression of the high + national court of Orleans--and of all royal + notaries--national notaries appointed. + Prohibitory or commanding clauses in wills to be of + no avail henceforward. + Every sort of property dependent upon, or connected + with, churches or charities, is confiscated. + All the world admitted to the title and rank of + French citizen, without any distinction of country. + Decree to unite Avignon and the county of Venaissin + to France. + Certificates of catholicism suppressed, which + hitherto were required before admission into any + office. + Severe penalties against introducing titles of + nobility into any public document. + All the chambers and societies of commerce + abolished. + Jews admitted to the rights of French citizens. + The constituent assembly prepares to lay down its + powers, without rendering any account of its + proceedings. + Violent remonstrances against this. + Decree against clubs and popular associations. + 30. The King goes in state to close the session of this + first or _constituent assembly_. +CHAPTER II. + +1791. +_Oct_. 4. The second assembly takes the name of the + _Legislative_ Assembly, and is opened by the King + in person. It consists of 700 members. + An oath is taken to observe the law. + An administrator in one of the departments flies + with a large treasure. + 17. Massacre at Avignon, with unusual horrors. Jourdan + and his people destroy 600 victims in an ice-house. + Insurrection at Paris on account of religious + worship. + The Marquis de la Fayette resigns the command of + the Parisian guard. + The expressions "_sire_" and "_majesty_," applied + to the King, suppressed by decree. + Twenty-one committees formed out of the legislative + assembly to transact all business. + Riots at Montpellier. + The pictures of the Palace-royal sold for a million + eight hundred thousand livres. + 27. Insurrection in Alsace. + 29. Notice given to Monsieur the King's eldest brother, + to return to France, on pain of forfeiture of all + his rights, and confiscation. + One hundred millions of assignats issued. + Disturbances in Artois and Lower Normandy on + account of religious worship. + The archbishop of Ausch, and several bishops, + brought before the tribunals. + 30. Insurrections in almost all parts of the kingdom, + on account of the prohibition of religious worship. + Charrier, ex-constituent, and nominated by the + people as successor to the Cardinal de + Rochefoucault, in the archbishoprick (sic) of + Rouen, ashamed of his usurpation, abdicates the + archiepiscopal dignity. + Violent decree against emigrants; the King opposes + his _veto_ to it. + The King refuses his assent also to another equally + violent decree, for the banishment of all the + catholic priests who had not taken the oath + prescribed. + Guimper, the first constitutional see, is taken + possession of by D'Expilly, an ex-constituent, + _i.e_. a member of the last assembly, which had + taken the name of the constituent assembly. + Violent insurrection in the colonies, supposed to + be excited by some of the leading members of the + assembly. +_Nov_. New decree for a civic oath. + In the legislative assembly the answers are read + from foreign powers, relative to the King's + acceptance of the constitution. + Massacres at Caen in Normandy; horrid treatment of + Mons. de Belsunce, a lieutenant-colonel. + Eighty-four persons of consideration thrown into + prison. + 10. The Dunkirk carrier assassinated at Paris, and his + letters stolen. + 15. The King confined to his apartment, under the guard + of a corporal. + 17. Varnier denounced by Bazire, is sent to prison at + Orleans. + Pethion elected mayor of Paris. + 18. He goes to the jacobins to thank them for having + obtained his election. + Manuel is appointed procureur syndic of the commune + of Paris (a place next in importance to that of + mayor). + 20. Disorders at Montpellier. + 25. Delatre committed to prison at Orleans. + 26. Chabot enters the King's apartment with his hat on + his head. + Decreed, that non-conforming priests shall not make + use of the churches. +_Dec_. 1. Three hundred millions of small assignats issued. + 2. Insurrection at Brest. + 6. Malvoisin, and twelve others, imprisoned at + Orleans. + 16. Decreed, that every member of the Bourbon family + shall quit France in three days. + M. Loyauté sent to prison at Orleans. + 20. Several castles burnt at Sens. + 24. Insurrection in the departments of Loir et Cher. + The King goes to the assembly to discuss the + subject of war with foreign powers. + 27. Lucknor and Rochambeau made marshals of France, and + with La Fayette appointed to command the armies. + M. de Narbonne goes to visit the frontiers. + Forty soldiers, who had been sent to the galleys, + are set at liberty. + Establishment of a new high national court. + Manuel causes the letters of Mirabeau, which were + found in the mayor's office, to be printed and + sold. + 28. The Queen goes to the opera, and is much applauded. + 29. Manifesto proposed by M. Condorcet, to acquaint the + world with the sentiments of the French nation, if + it should be forced into war. + 31. Decreed, that the ceremonies of New-year's day + shall be abolished. +1792. + +_Jan_. 1. Egalité (duke of Orleans) ill received at the + Tuilleries. + 5. Massacre of the minister of Chateau-neuf. + Motion of Herault, that foreign powers be required + to forbid the white cockade to be worn by + emigrants. + 11. Carra proposes at the Jacobin club, that the crown + of France be offered to the Duke of York. + 15. Plan of a decree for declaring war against the + Emperor. + 16. Decreed, that Monsieur has forfeited the regency. + Three hundred millions of small assignats issued. + 17. Fire and ravages at Port-au-Prince. + Great tumult at Paris on account of the monopoly of + of sugar and coffee. + 19. Fire of La-Force. + 21. A conforming priest, his wife, and children, + presented to the assembly, and loaded with caresses. + 27. Summons to the Emperor, to declare whether or not + he is willing to live in peace with France. + 31. Decreed, that all travellers in France must supply + themselves with a passport. +_Feb_. 1. Decreed, that all those shall be imprisoned who + travel under a false name. + Eighty-four prisoners, who were confined in the + castle of Caen, set at liberty. + 2. Letter of Manuel to the King beginning with these + words, "I do not love kings". + 5. Fires and massacres at St. Domingo. + 6. The Abbé Fauchet preaches at the Pantheon. + 7. Riots at Paris on account of a false rumour of the + King's flight. + Great fires in the town of Haquenau. + Decreed, that the property of emigrants belongs to + the nation; order for its sequestration. + Riots at Noyon about corn. + Insurrection at Dunkirk. + 14. The red bonnet becomes the general fashion. + Assassination at Mount Héri. + Insurrection at the Fauxbourg (sic) St. Marceau, on + account of the scarcity of sugar. + Struggle between the clubs of the Jacobins, and the + Feuillants; the latter so called from a religious + society of that name, at whose house they met. + 17. De Lessart denounced by Fauchet. + 22. Motion, that no deputy be permitted to go to the + clubs of Jacobins or Feuillants. + 28. Treaty of Pilnitz between the Emperor and Prussia. +_March_ 1. Death of the Emperor Leopold II. + 3. Seditions at Etampes; Simoneau, the mayor, + assassinated. + De Lessart, minister for foreign affairs, sent to + the prison of Orleans. + 15. Death of Gustavus III. king of Sweden. + Total change of the King's ministers. + Decreed, that the King shall pay taxes like all + other persons. + 19. Jourdan, and his accomplices at Avignon acquitted. + A new guard begins to do duty about the King. + Roland appointed by the King minister of the + interior department. + Insurrection at Poitou. + The Swiss Cantons demand from France the regiment + of Ernest. + Alienation of the domains of St. Lazare, and of + Mount-Carmel, two orders of knighthood, of which + Monsieur was president. +_April_ 1. Troubles in Provence and Dauphiny. + On the motion of Torne, constitutional bishop of + Bourges, all peculiar religious dresses are + abolished, and all secular congregations. + 6. Pethion writes to the 48 sections, inviting them to + give a fête to the liberated soldiers of + Chateau-vieux. + 15. A civic fête is given to the above soldiers, who + had been imprisoned for crimes. + 16. Riots at the Hotel de Ville in Paris, on account of + the statues of la Fayette and Bailli. + 20. The King goes to the national assembly to demand + whether it is willing to declare war. + War declared against the King of Bohemia and + Hungary. + M. de Castellane, bishop of Mendes, sent to prison + at Orleans. + 29. The army of Dillon routed near Tournay, and that + general massacred by his own soldiers near + Lisle (sic). + The French routed near Mons under the command of + General Byron. +_May_ 2. Suppression of the military houses of Monsieur and + the Count d'Artois. + 6. Desertion of the royal German regiment. + 8. Report of the murder of several commissaries. + 10. Pethion, in the commune of Paris, presents a + silver sword to Réne Audu, a heroine of the 6th of + October 1789. + Decree concerning prisoners of war. + 11. New disorders at Avignon. + 12. Desertion of the regiment of Berchini. + 13. M. Brival, a deputy, writes to the King to desire + that his cane may be restored to him, which was + taken from him at the gate of the Tuilleries. + Abbé Maury elevated to the dignity of an + archbishop, and appointed nuncio extra-ordinary of + the holy see, to the diet of Ratisbon. + Decree, depriving the brothers of the King of the + million which had been voted to them. + Renewal of the decree for the transportation of + priests, which the King still refuses to sanction. + 14. Massacre of the Abbé Figuemont at Mentz. + 16. Bavai taken by the Austrians. + 24. Much pains taken to prove the existence of + a committee in favour of the Austrians. + 27. Discontent in Paris on account of the King's + having a guard. + 28. The King is forced to dismiss it. + 29. Mareschal (sic) de Brissac, who commanded the + King's guard, sent to prison at Orleans. + 30. The first column of the Prussian army arrives at + Frankfort. +_June_ 3. A civic fête in honour of M. Simoneau, mayor of + Etampes, massacred the 3d of March in an + insurrection. + 6. Massacre at Brussels. + Reduction of the monies allowed for the pay and + entertainment of the King's ministers. + 8. The King refuses to ratify the decree for encamping + 20,000 men near Paris. + 13. Roland, Claviere, and Servan, dismissed from the + ministry. + Ordered that all pedigrees of nobility be burnt, + and all papers relative thereto. + A number of patriotic gifts to support the + expence (sic) of the war. + The tree of liberty planted in all parts. + 20. In order to force the King to sanction some decrees + to which he had given a negative, the people go to + the Tuilleries, break open the gates, and burst + into the apartments. The King conducts himself + with great firmness. + The high national court at Orleans condemns + Monsieur, the Count d'Artois, and the Prince of + Condé, to be beheaded, and their property + consequently to be forfeited. + A new mode adopted for proving births, marriages, + and burials. + 26. The department of La Somme offers 200 batallions, + to enforce respect to the King. Several others + make similar offers. + 28. La Fayette quits his army, and goes to complain to + the national representatives of party violence. + A petition against Pethion is signed at the houses + of all the notaries. + 30. La Fayette returns to the army, and as soon as he + is departed, he is burnt in effigy at the palace + royal. +_July_ 2. Letter of the King to the French armies. + 3. Suppression of all the staff-officers of the + national guard of Paris. + 4. Decreed, that the nation is in danger. + The Duke of Brunswick arrives at Coblentz. + Distinguishing marks granted to the legislators and + administrators. + 6. Dumourier goes to take the command of the army. + 7. Pethion, mayor of Paris and Manuel, suspended, but + very soon after restored. + Ministers all changed. + 11. A petition against the King signed at the Elysian + fields. + 14. Anniversary of the federations observed with + great ceremony. + 19. Massacre of M, de Saillant, chef-du-camp de Salés. + 20. Proclamation of the King, on the dangers of the + country. + Decree, that the property of emigrants be sold. + Many of the constitutional priests sign a + recantation of their oaths, and not enough are + found to fill the vacant cures. + Massacres at Alais, Bourdeaux, Arles, and in other + places. + 28. Decree, obliging people to mount guard under pain + of imprisonment. + Three hundred millions of assignats issued. + M. d'Espemenil, an ex-constituent, is knocked down + and poignarded at the Tuilleries, and with + difficulty saves his life. + 30. The Marseillois arrive at Paris; ravages and + cruelties committed by them. + Cockades of ribbands proscribed. + Du Hamel massacred in the street of St. Florentin. +_Aug_. 3. Decreed, that all Frenchmen be armed with pikes. + Invitation to foreigners to come and defend the + land of liberty. + 5. Massacre at Toulon of nine members of the + magistracy, under the pretence of aristocracy. + A report is spread about the Tuilleries, that + the King intends to escape. + 8. Decreed, by a majority of 426 to 224, that there is + no ground of accusation against La Fayette. + Several members complain of outrages committed on + them, on account of votes they had given. + 10. Attack and pillage of the palace of the Tuilleries. + Massacre of the Swiss, and of a great number of the + King's followers. Louis XVI. and his family fly + for safety to the assembly. + Horrible riots and outrages in Paris. + 11. Continuation of frightful outrages and murders. + All foreign ambassadors quit France. + 12. Roland, Clariere, and Servan, recalled to the + ministry. + Danton appointed minister of justice. + The statues of the King all thrown down. + Servan appointed minister of the war department; de + Monge, of the marine; Clavieres, of finances; + Roland, of the interior; and Le Brun, of foreign + affairs. + The King and his family are all conducted to the + Temple. + 14. Several ex-ministers and royalists committed to + prison. + Decreed, that all the administrations of the + kingdom shall be new formed. + 15. Persons departing, even with passports, stopped. + 17. Establishment of a tribunal for the summary trial + of royalists. + 18. The Austrians and Prussians enter the French + territory. + Decree against La Fayette; who, with part of + his staff, quits the army and falls into the + hands of the Austrians, by whom he is detained a + prisoner. + 20. Montmorin, ex-minister of foreign affairs, + imprisoned. + 22. M. D'Angremont guillotined at the Carouzel (sic). + 23. Longwy taken by the Prussians. + 24. M. de la Porte, comptroller of the civil list, + guillotined. + 25. M. Durozoi, author of the gazette of Paris, + guillotined. + 26. A civic festival, in honour of the sans-culottes + who were killed in the affair of the 10th of + August. + Decreed, that all ecclesiastics who have not taken + the national oath, shall be transported. In the + number of these victims were 138 archbishops and + bishops, and sixty-four thousand priests of the + second order. + General Kellerman commands the army of Marshal + Luckner, and Dumourier that of General la Fayette. + 27. In a sitting of the jacobins, Manuel causes an oath + to be taken, that every exertion will be used to + purge the earth of the pest of royalty. + 30. Domiciliary visits, that is, nightly searches + in the citizens houses, for obnoxious persons. +_Sept_. 1. Letter of the minister Roland, to all the + municipalities, to induce them to agree in finding + the King guilty. + M. Montmorin, governor of Fontainbleau, + although acquitted by the tribunal, is conveyed + back to prison by the people. + 2. The city of Verdun is taken by the Prussians. + From the 2d (sic) to the 9th of this month, the + most horrid outrages perpetrated without ceasing, + 7605 prisoners, &c. inhumanly murdered, and the + assassins publicly demand their wages. Every house + is a scene of dismay. Massacres and butcheries are + committed in all the prisons and religious houses. + These horrors drive a great number of inhabitants + from Paris. + The Duke de la Rochefoucault, ex-constituent and + president of the department of Paris, is torn to + pieces by the populace. + 10. Massacre at Versailles of 53 prisoners from + Orleans, who, it appears, were summoned to Paris + for the express purpose of having them disposed of + in this expeditious manner. + Troops are enrolled for the frontiers. + A camp is formed close to Paris. + 13. The French armies fall back towards Chalons. + 14. The King accepts the constitution. + 15. Decreed, that the King's person is inviolable, + and the crown of France indivisible and hereditary. + 16. Robbery of the wardrobe of the crown. + Decree, formally allowing divorces. + 18. Philips, of the club of jacobins, presents in a + little box, to the legislative assembly, the heads + of his father and mother, whom his patriotism, as + he said, had just sacrificed. + 19. The last sitting of the legislative assembly. +CHAPTER III. + +1792. +_Sept_. 20. First sitting of the third legislature, which takes + the title of National Convention. It consists of + 745 members. + 21. Decreed, that royalty is abolished, and that the + kingdom of France is a republic. + The battle of Grand-Pré gained by General + Dumouricr. + 22. Danton resigns the ministry in order to take a + place in the convention. + 23. The old Marshal Luckner is ordered to the bar of + the convention. + 27. Mons. Cazotte, an author much esteemed, and who + with difficulty escaped from the assassins of the + 2d of September, is conducted to the guillotine at + 80 years of age. + 29. The Austrians begin to bombard Lisle (sic). + Spires taken by the army of Gen. Custine. +_Oct_. 2. The Duke of Brunswick, commanding the Prussians, + begins his retreat from France, and raises the + siege of Thionville. + 4. The title of Citizen is substituted for those of + Monsieur and Madame by a decree. + 7. The Austrians raise the siege of Lisle. + 8. Massacre at Cambray. + 9. The soldiers of General Dumourier massacre their + prisoners. + 10. Servan quits the ministry. + Garat is appointed minister of justice. + 13. Verdun evacuated by the Prussians. + 14. A civic festival in honour of the conquest of + Savoy. + 18. Nine emigrants guillotined in the Place-de-Greve. + 22. The French retake Longwy. + 23. Mayence taken by General Custine. + 24. Great accusations of Roland to the convention. + 25. The French territory evacuated by the Austrians and + Prussians. + 26. Frankfort on the Main taken by the French. + 31. A great number of returned emigrants denounced to + the commune of Paris. +_Nov_. 2. All work at the camp near Paris is stopped. + 3. The house of the deputy Marat is invested, + and the people demand his head. + 4. Robespierre endeavours to acquit himself of the + charges brought against him by the deputy Louvet. + 6. Report in the assembly of disturbances in the + department of Mayence and Loire. + Three hundred millions of assignats issued with new + emblems. + A discourse upon Atheism pronounced by Dupont, and + applauded by the convention. + The Princess de Rohan-Rochefort is sent to prison + for having written to the ex-minister Bertrand. + 7. The battle of Gemappe--the Austrians are defeated + by superior numbers, and an immense artillery. + Dumourier after his victory takes Mons. + A revolt announced at Guadaloupe. + 10. Decreed, that all emigrants who shall return + to France shall suffer death, whether men, women, + or children, not excepting those who had never + borne arms. + 12. Ghent taken by the French. + 14. Brussels taken by the French. + 19. General Montesquieu emigrates. + 23. De la Coste, ex-minister, and Du Fresne de St. + Leon, committed to the prison of the Abbaye. + 24. Insurrection at Chartres and the neighbourhood, on + account of bread. + 25. The King asks of the convention some Latin books, + that he may instruct his son himself. + 26. Address from Finisterre to the convention, + denouncing the deputies Marat, Robespierre, Danton, + Chabot, Barire, and Merlin. Buzot supports the + accusation. + 27. Kersaint proposes to the convention to make a + descent upon England with one hundred thousand men, + and to sign an immortal treaty upon the Tower of + London, which shall fix the destiny of nations, and + confirm liberty for ever to the world. + The Belgians protest against a decree which + trenches on their sovereignty. + 30. Decree, charging the municipalities to keep + registers of baptisms, marriages and buryings. +_Dec_. 1. Pethion quits the mayoralty to become a member of + the convention. + Chambon is elected his successor. + Manuel gives up the place of procureur de la + commune for a seat in the convention; Chaumette + succeeds him. + 3. Decreed that Louis Capet shall be brought to trial, + and that the convention shall be his judges. + 4. Decreed, that whoever shall propose the restoration + of royalty shall suffer death. + 8. The royal family is forbid the use of knives, + scissars,(sic) or razors; the King not to be + shaved, but his beard clipped with scissars. + 9. The bust of Mirabeau torn from the Pantheon, and + dragged by the populace to the Place-de-Greve. + The minister of justice reads to the convention 150 + addresses from the communes of Normandy in favour + of the King. + Philip Egalité renounces all eventual succession to + the crown of France, to assume the title of French + citizen. + 18. The King is interrogated at the bar of the + convention. + Barrere is president. + He demands for his advocates Target and Tronchet, + the former refuses to defend him; but Mons. de + Malesherbes, making a voluntary offer of being his + defender, is accepted with Tronchet, and Monsieur + de Seze is added to them. + The mayor of Paris, the procureur de la commune, le + secretaire Greffier, and thirty municipal officers + on horseback, escorted the King's carriage when he + was going to the bar of the convention to be + interrogated, and to hear the act of his accusation + read. The president said, "Louis,--The French + "people accuse you of having committed a multitude + "of crimes in order to establish tyranny upon the + "ruins of liberty." The King having answered with + great precision and coolness, "Louis," said the + president, "a copy shall be given to you of your + accusations. The convention permits you to retire, + and will acquaint you with the result of its + deliberations." + 14. The charge d'affaires of Spain writes an earnest + letter in favour of the King, from his master. The + convention treats it with neglect. + 16. The French make themselves masters of + Aix-la-Chapelle. + The King is brought a second time to the bar of the + convention. Monsieur de Seze makes an able speech + in his defence at the bar. The King then speaks to + the convention: "My counsel has laid before you my + "justification and defence, I have nothing to add + "but this, that, in addressing you perhaps for the + "last time, I declare that my conscience reproaches + "me with no crime towards my country, and that my + "advocates have spoken nothing but the truth." + 27. Generals Luckner and Rochambeau made marshals of + France. +1793 +_January_. Roland publishes a letter to oppose the calumnies + against him. + The loyal subjects of Brabant send an address to + the emperor. + Mont Blanc declared to be an 84th department, of + which Chamberry is the capital; this new department + contains 364,652 souls. + General Dumourier writes some severe truths to the + convention, and offers to give in his resignation, + disclaiming all pretensions to a dictatorship. + The convention rejects the King's appeal to the + people. + Prince Charles of Hesse-Philipstadt dies of wounds + he received at Frankfort. + The alien bill passed in England; in consequence of + which, persons suspected may be sent out of the + kingdom by the executive power. + The Prussians and Hessians drive the French from + Hocheim. + The King of Prussia publishes a declaration, that + his army enters Poland only because that country + was infested with French democratic madness. + Remarkable address of the department of Finisterre + against Marat and Robespierre. + La Fayette is conveyed to Magdebourg. + The Empress of Russia assigns lands in the Crimea + to French emigrants, and causes to be paid to the + Prince of Condé, at Frankfort, 200,000 rupees for + the expences of journey. + Dumourier goes to Paris while the convention is + debating about the King. The jacobins insult him. + His army is said to be 120,000 strong. + General Custine celebrates at Mayence the festival + of liberty, by burning the archiepiscopal + ornaments. + 17. The convention terminates its deliberations + 18. concerning the King. He is condemned to + 19. death. All endeavours to delay the execution of + the sentence are rejected. + Of the members of the convention, 366 vote for + death absolutely; 23 for death, but leaving it + hereafter to be discussed, when the execution + should take place; 8 for death, and a certain delay + or respite; 2 for death at the peace; 319 for + detention; and 2 for detention in irons. + Pelletier, one who voted for the King's death, is + assassinated at a tavern. + 20. Louis hears with calmness the reading of his + sentence of death. Allowed only two hours to take + a final leave of his wife, his children, and his + sister, who are frantic with grief. + + [Illustration: EXECUTION.jpg] + + 21. Louis is conducted to the scaffold; his behaviour + is steady and dignified, he speaks a few words + protesting his innocence, forgiving his enemies, + and hoping that his death might restore peace to + his wretched country. The commander of the troops + orders the drums and trumpets to strike up, that + his voice might be drowned, and that he should not + proceed. In a minute after this, his head is + severed from his body. A dead silence prevails in + Paris. The places of public amusement and all + shops are shut up. His last will soon after + published. + The minister Roland, after assisting at the King's + execution resigns his office, so do the deputies + Manuel and Kersaint. + 24. The remains of Pelletier are placed with great + ceremony in the Pantheon. + The French envoy at Naples demands and obtains an + audience of the King. + The convention decrees, that their army shall + consist of 502,000 men next campaign. + 26. Dumourier leaves Paris for the army, with orders to + take Cologne, cost what it may. + Liege determines to unite itself with France. + Paris, who assassinated Pelletier, is arrested, but + shoots himself. + General mourning at London and Madrid for + Louis XVI. + The convention decrees the union of Nice to the + republic of France. + The British ministry signify to Mons. Chauvelin, + who had been ambassador from Louis XVI. that he is + no longer to be considered as such, and must quit + England. + The sections of Paris complain of want of + provisions. + Lanjuinais, speaking against the murders of the 2d + of September, says, that the number of victims, + assassinated that day, amounted to 8,000, others + say 12,000, and the deputy Louvet states them at + 28,000. +_Feb_. 1. The Convention declares war against the King of + England, and Stadtholder of Holland. + General Dumourier levies sixty millions of livres + on the abbeys in Brabant. + The nurse of Madame Royale requests permission to + see her in prison, but without success. + Proclamation by the Emperor, to assure to the + Belgians their ancient privileges. + Great debates in the convention about war. + The marines of Rochelle come to swear fidelity to + the convention. + Philip Egalité takes the oath, in quality of high + admiral of France. + The Marseillois leave Paris, and return home. + An engagement takes place at Mayence between the + national guard and the troops of the line, on the + subject of the King's death. + General Bournonville is recalled from the army, and + appointed minister of war. + Dumourier begins to lose ground in the esteem of + the people. + Eight hundred millions of assignats issued. + Citzen (sic) Basseville, secretary of the French + legation, is massacred by the people at Rome. + Chambon quits the mayoralty of Paris, and is + replaced by the ex-minister Pache. + The parliament of England votes for war. + The French take possession of Deux-Ponts; the duke + with difficulty escapes. + Lyons, opposes with energy the murderous plans of + the jacobins. + The Emperor solicits earnestly the triple + contingent from the empire. + New coinage in France, with the legend of + "Republique Francoise. (sic)" + The wife of the Emperor sacrifices some of her rich + ornaments to defray the cost of the war. + General Miranda sends to the convention the + magnificent key of gold, which was given by + Charles III. to the inhabitants of Louvain. + 17. The French make an irruption into Holland, take the + fort St. Michel, surround Maestricht, and menace + Breda. + Lyons destroys the jacobin club, and burns the tree + of liberty. + Paris is in great disorder. + Dumourier addresses a proclamation to the Dutch + against the Stadtholder. The States-general answer + it by a manifesto. + Condorcet reads a constitutional act to the + convention; the jacobins reject it. + The national convention of Liege decrees the + destruction of its cathedral. + Marat excites great tumult in the convention. + Venice acknowledges the republic; Bavaria observes + neutrality. + Custine transports the clergy of Mayence who refuse + to take the oath of liberty. + The French bombard Maestricht, which is defended by + the Prince of Hesse-Cassel. + The Grand Duke of Tuscany declares a neutrality + with regard to the French republic. + 25. The British troops under the Duke of York sail from + England. + Breda surrenders to the French. + Dumourier bombards Gertruydenberg and Williamstadt + with Dutch artillery. + The Convention decrees that soldiers have a right + to elect their officers. Marat urges this + decree, and strikes in the face several of those + who oppose it, even in the convention. + The Duke of York arrives at the Hague. + The Stadtholder declares he will defend the + republic to the last. + 28. The Archduke Charles, the Prince of Cobourg, and + Duke of Wurtemburg, arrive at Duren. + The French merchants offer to send fifty + privateers to sea. + Discourse pronounced in the convention by + Anacharsis Cloots, on universal fraternity. + Riots in Paris at the houses of the bakers and + grocers. + Brussels desires, and obtains an union with France. + Revolution in Geneva after the French example. + The convention encourages addresses from all + quarters on the death of the tyrant. + Decreed, that the troops of the line shall form but + one body with the national guards. + All treaties of commerce and alliance, with powers + at war, are annulled. + The convention requires 300,000 men to + compleat (sic) their armies. +_March_ 1. Prince Cobourg beats the French near Altenhover. + The British troops land at Fort Ecluse. + The Austrians retake Aix-la-Chapelle. + Proclamation of Dumourier, to stir up the + inhabitants of Liege, Belgium, and Holland. + 2. Carra denounces the farmers-general. + Deputy Rhul moves, that the property of foreign + princes be put up to sale. + 3. The French raise the siege of Maestricht, and + besiege Williamstadt without success. They + 4. are beaten at Tongres by the Prussians. + Gertruydenberg surrenders to Gen. Dumourier. + Zurich, Bern, and other Swiss cantons acknowledge + the French republic. + Manuel accuses the jacobins (sic) of all the evils + since the revolution. + Dumourier imposes 120,000 florins upon the city of + Antwerp. + War declared against Spain. + 5. The bloody capture of Liege by the Austrians. + Taking of Ruremond. + The Prussians gain some advantage near Mayence. + Upon the motion of Danton, it is decreed, that a + revolutionary-criminal tribunal be established. + All persons imprisoned for debt are released by the + convention. + Prince Cobourg requires from Liege six hundred + thousand florins. + Arrival of 14,000 Hanoverians in the Low-Countries. + The commune of Paris hoists a black flag, as a sign + of extreme danger to the country. + General Miranda imprisoned in chains at Brussels. + 9. Dantzig submits itself to the King of Prussia. + Dumourier conveys to Lisle the treasures of the + churches of Brussels. + He stops the first commissioners of the convention, + and sends them to Paris; he reviews his troops at + Brussels, and marches to the enemy. + Robespierre demands that all despots be overturned, + and that liberty be established on the ruin of all + aristocracies. + Monsieur, regent of France, creates the Count + d'Artois lieutenant-general of the kingdom. + Decreed, that the palace of St. Cyr, near + Versailles, be destroyed. + Decreed, that plate be considered as merchandize. + La Source inveighs bitterly against the English + government. + It is calculated, that 150 divorces take place, + every month in Paris since the decree. + Dumourier causes the plate to be restored to the + churches of Belgium, of which they had been + plundered. + Buzot declaims in the tribune against the despotism + of the convention. + 10. Epoch of the counter-revolutions in La Vendée. + The French abandon the siege of Williamstadt. + The Austrian advanced guard enters Tirlemont, but + are obliged again to evacuate it. + 16. The States-general reward the garrison of + Williamstadt for their gallant defence. + 17. The French and Austrian armies drawn up in order of + battle all day opposite to each other. + 18. Bloody battle of Neerswinde, which lasts the whole + day. The French wholly defeated. + 19. The battle of Tirlemont; General Valence wounded, + and the French routed. + Dumourier suspected of treason at Paris. + 23. Battle of Louvain between the French and Austrians. + The Prussians approach Mayence. + Dumourier demands a truce of six days to evacuate + the Low Countries. + The Empire declares war against France, in + consequence of a resolution of the diet of + Ratisbon. + The Austrians enter Louvain. Prince Cobourg + refuses a truce to Dumourier. + The Duke Frederick of Brunswick quits the army on + account of his health. + The Prussians approach Mayence. + General Santerre solicits a discharge from the + command of the troops of Paris, that he may have + leisure to attend to the affairs of his brewery. + Chenier proposes an oaken crown as a reward for + republican generals. + Duhem complains to the convention, that the vessel + of state is near foundering. + Garat passes from the office of minister of justice + to that of the interior. + Discourse of Danton, to rouse the people en masse + (in a body.) + A constitutional priest, commanding a battalion, + begs the convention to preserve his rectory for him + whilst he goes to the frontiers. + The inhabitants of Frankfort write to Custine, that + they are not willing to receive the French + government. + Insurrection at Orleans. + 24. The Austrians enter Brussels and Mechlin. + The Prussians pass the Rhine at St. Goar. + 26. Antwerp submits to the Austrians. + The statue of Prince Charles of Loraine, which the + insurgents overturned, is restored. + 27. Namur and Mons evacuated by the French. + The Archduke Charles appointed governor of the Low + Countries. + Danton proposes to the convention, that all + citizens be justified to kill any persons who are + hostile to the revolution, wherever they may find + them. + 29. The Austrians enter Ghent. + At the end of this month, all Brabant has returned + to the dominion of the Emperor. + Tumults and plunders in private houses at Paris. + The convention summons Dumourier to its bar. + The French are driven out of Worms, and Spires. +_April_ 2. The convention sends Bournonville, the minister of + war, with four commissioners to arrest Dumourier; + but he, apprized of their intentions, seizes them, + and delivers them to the Prince of Cobourg. + Dumourier sends General Miaczinski to secure Lisle, + but he is suspected, and arrested there. + The French evacuate Breda and Gertruydenberg. + Dumourier, accompanied by Gen. Valance, and two + sons of Philip Egalité, together with some + regiments and the military chest, passes over to + the Austrians. + This step of Dumourier induces the convention to + declare itself permanent. + The German princes and nobles, who were detained + prisoners at Landau, are conveyed to Paris as + hostages for the commissioners who are kept by the + Austrians. + Domiciliary visits are recommended at Paris. + Mons. de Blanchland, governor of St. Domingo, is + guillotined at Paris, and dies with extraordinary + firmness. + Great congress held at Antwerp by the chiefs of the + allied armies. + Decreed, that henceforward commissioners shall + remain with the armies, and be invested with powers + unlimited. + Philip Egalité, his third son, his sister, and the + Prince of Conti (sic), conducted prisoners to + Marseilles. + The commune of Vernon is unwilling to suffer + Madame d'Orleans to depart, on account of her ill + heath, and they promise to answer with their lives + for their benefactress and friend. + The Prussians prepare for the siege of Mayence. + The creditors of Egalité fix his annual allowance + at about 8000l. a year. His income is said to have + been between three and four hundred thousand a + year. + Gen. Dampierre forms the camp of Famars, the French + having retired from Holland. + Great debates in the convention on the subject of a + petition from 35 sections of Paris, against the + chiefs of the Mountain. + The English take the island of Tobago. + General Miaczinski, Compte (sic) d'Arenberg, and le + Compte Linanges, sent to the Abbaye at Paris, to + answer for the safety of the commissioners. + 12. A long and violent tumult in the convention, + because the members come intoxicated. + 13. Marat escapes from prison, and writes an insulting + letter to the convention; decree of accusation + against him. + 15. Thirty-five sections of Paris demand the deposition + of Brissot, and twenty other members of the + convention. + Marat remains concealed, but his journal appears + every day. + Weissenau is destroyed by heavy artillery; + Dampierre makes a vigorous resistance. A battle + between Valenciennes and Condé. + The garrison of Lisle makes a powerful sortie. + Dumourier is allowed no part in the operations + against France; at Frankfort he publishes his + contempt for Egalité, and respect for his sons. + 21. The Elector of Mayence addresses a letter of thanks + to his subjects. The bishop of Liege returns to + his dominions. + The French make themselves masters of Mont-Beliard. + America declares for neutrality. + Count d'Artois goes to Petersburgh (sic). + The Spaniards obtain considerable advantages near + Perpignan. + The royalists of La Vendée publish a manifesto, + against whom the convention orders twenty thousand + men to march. + Treaty between Great-Britain and Russia; another + between Great-Britain and Sardinia. + Great disorders at Marseilles and Aix. + 28. The archduke Charles makes a solemn entry into + Brussels, as governor-general of the Low Countries; + 400 citizens draw his coach. + Kellerman deposed from his command by the + convention. + The Emperor reproaches the Elector of Bavaria with + his neutrality, in a remarkable note. + Engagement between the French and Austrians near + Landau. + Dampierre declares that only 800 men accompanied + Dumourier. + Marat suffers himself to be conducted to prison. + The revolutionary tribunal acquits Marat; he is + conducted in triumph to the convention by the mob, + who force themselves into the seats of the members. + The commissioners of the convention, at Marseilles, + are obliged to fly. + The French make a brisk sally from Mayence. + An insurrection at Breslau, raised by a taylor, + (sic) and not suppressed without cannon. + 30. Decreed, that the revolutionary tribunal shall be + suspended till the 1st of June next. +_May_ 1. Dampierre gives a bloody battle, to keep up a + communication between Condé and Valenciennes. + Deputies from Nantes require support from the + convention; they announce, that the war of La + Vendée has already cost the lives of 2000 patriots. + 3. The King of Prussia, after several bloody fights, + with various success, drives the French from + Costheim. + Sallies are made every day from Valenciennes; Gen. + Mack is wounded in the arm. + Great fire in the port and magazines of + l'Orient (sic). + Twelve hundred millions of assignats issued. + Melancholy accounts laid before the convention, of + the wretched state of the interior parts of France. + 6. Houchard attacks the Austrians near Landau. + The garrison of Mayence, and the camp of Famars, + make a sally; a number of men killed. + 8. A warm attack at Costheim. + A battle also at Longwy. + This day was a day of general fighting, in all the + armies. + 9. General Dampierre dies of his wounds. Lamarche + takes the temporary command. + 10. The convention holds its first sitting in the hall + of the Tuilleries, now called the National Palace. + Battle of Hasnon. The convention is disposed to + grant to Dampierre the honour of the Pantheon; but + Danton proposed, and carried a decree, that no one + should obtain that honour till 20 years after his + death. + 7. Custine is appointed general of the northern army. + The elector of Bavaria renounces his neutrality, + and orders his contingent of troops march. + General Miranda is acquitted by the revolutionary + tribunal; and receives a civic crown from the + people. + General Valence, who had gone over to the Austrians + with Dumourier, is ordered to quit the states of + the empire. + Interrogatory of Philip Egalité at Marseilles. + The popular tribunal, of Marseilles suspended, + because it was become more adverse to the jacobins + since the arrival of the Bourbons. + General Miaczinski condemned to death by the + revolutionary tribunal. + Santerre sent against the royalists of La Vendée. + Kellerman recovers the esteem of the convention, + and is employed again in the armies. + 17. Custine attacks the Austrians near Landau with + 30,000 men, and forces them to retire. + General Wurmser repasses the Rhine. + Every day there are skirmishes near Mayence. + Miaczinski is executed--his depositions against + Pethion, Gensonnet, and others, not being proved. + 23. The allies attack the camp of Famars, and the whole + line from Orchies to Maubeuge. A bloody action + during the whole day. The French secretly during + the night abandoned the camp of Famars. + Riots in Paris, on account of the arrest of Hebert, + compiler of a gazette called Le-Pere-du-Chesne. + Count d'Artois joins his brother at Ham. + It appears that six patriotic merchants of Holland + had promised Dumourier four millions of florins, + provided he conquered the country. + Le Gendre proposes to exclude from the convention + all who voted for the appeal to the people. + The two parties in the convention come to actual + blows; and confusion and disorder continue for + three hours. + The anti-jacobins obtain the upper hand at Lyons, + and 400 persons are sacrificed. + 25. Marat insults the convention. Decreed, that any + member who shall call another villain, or + conspirator, or such-like names, shall be expelled + the convention. Marat instantly violates this law. + Great tumults. + 26. All printing-offices and presses, not in the + interest of the jacobins, such as those of Brissot, + Condorcet, Pru de l'Homme, Rabaut, &c. are + destroyed. + 27. The elector of Bavaria, after receiving the + Emperor's note, becomes active; a part of his army + marches to Mayence. + 30. Hebert is set at liberty. The French from Landau + make an effort to deliver Mayence. + A bold sally is made from Mayence. Prince Louis, + son of Prince Ferdinand, makes a vigorous + resistance. The jacobins are victorious in Paris. + 100,000 citizens are under arms all night. The + tocsin (alarm bell) is ringing all day. + The forty-eight sections of Paris demand an act of + accusation against twenty members; among whom are, + Pethion, Brissot, Barbaroux, Chambon, Gorsas, + Guadet, Lanjuinais, Verniaud, &c. Six escape, and + among them is Brissot. Madame Roland is arrested; + her husband not to be found. + The convention in horrible tumult; and the + president (Isnard) unable to calm it, breaks up the + sitting. The result of this famous day was to + devote twenty-two members to the guillotine, to + declare forty-one out of the protection of the law, + and to imprison seventy-one. +_June_. A legion of French gentlemen sails from England to + Ostend. + A party of male and female negroes are presented to + the convention. + The generals of the French armies are as follows: + Custine commands the army of the North at Bouchain; + Houchard that of the Moselle, at Sar Louis; + Beauharnols, the army of the Rhine, at Wissenbourg; + Kellerman, that of the Alps, at Chamberry; Brunet, + that of Italy, at Nice; De Flers, that of the + Eastern Pyrenees, at Bayonne; Biron, the army of + the coasts of Nantes, at Nantes; and Wimpfer, that + of the coasts of Cantal, at Bayeux. + 7. The royalists in La Vendée obtain considerable + advantages. + Baron Trenck becomes a jacobin. + 9. A bloody battle near Arlon. The French very + numerous. General Schroeder forced to retreat. + Arlon pillaged by the French. + Discussion in the convention about a forced loan of + a milliard of livres. + The Prince of Waldec killed in an attack near Lisle + at the head of the Dutch. + Severe complaints from most of the departments + about the sitting of the 31st of May. + Saumur and Angers taken by the royalists. + 13. Manifesto from the Marseilleois to the French + republicans against the convention. + 14. The departments of Eure and Calvados declare that + the convention is not free. + The club of jacobins is shut up at Aix. + De-Ferraris, general of artillery, begins to + bombard Valenciennes. + The Prussians open trenches before Mayence. + Marat returns to the convention after a fortnight's + voluntary suspension. + Plan of a republican constitution read. + 18. The revolutionary tribunal sends eighteen persons + to the guillotine. + General Wimpfer loses the confidence of the + convention, on account of the disorders in + Calvados. + 19. The news reaches London of a naval action on the + 18th of April between the French and English. + The army of the Emperor is stated to amount to + 225,274 men, exclusive of artillery and the staffs. + Des-Forges nominated minister of foreign affairs. + Count Byland executed. + Dumourier arrives in London. He is ordered to + leave England immediately, but in terms of + civility. + The royalists under Gaston suffer great losses near + Nantes. + 20. Deputies assemble at Grenoble to give a judgment + upon the proceedings of the convention on the 31st + of May. + Ferrand, commandant of Valenciennes, exerts himself + by every means to prevent the inhabitants from + desiring to surrender. + Decree of accusation against Wimpfer. + 23. Pethion and Lanjuinais escape. Decree of accusation + against Brissot. + The cathedral of Mayence burnt down; the Prussians + summon the city to surrender. + The Imperialists take Weissenau. +_July_ 1. The Queen is informed that she must separate + herself from her son, whose education is committed + to Simon, a shoemaker. + Barrere reports to the assembly, that an + insurrection has taken place in Corsica. + 8. Condorcet is denounced by Chabot. + Buzot, Barbaroux, Gorsas, Lanjuinais, &c. are + declared traitors. Some other members are decreed + to be in accusation. + General Sandos is delivered to the revolutionary + tribunal. + Biron is accused of incivism. + The French are forced to evacuate the camp of + Caesar on the Scheldt. + Condé surrenders by capitulation to his Imperial + Majesty. + Insurrection at Lyons, and in several other + departments. + Declaration by the chiefs of the royal and + catholick army of La Vendée. + Admiral Truguet complains to the convention of the + ill state of the marine. + 12. Charlotte Corday assassinates Marat; he is buried + with great ceremony in the Pantheon. + Charlotte Corday is executed. + 14. The republicans in La Vendée are defeated by the + royalists. + Deputies from St. Domingo complain of ravages by + the commissioners Polverel and Santonax, who are + declared to be in accusation. + Rigorous decree against Corsica. General Paoli + declared a traitor. + The royalists continue their successes. + 23. Mayence surrenders to the Prussians. + D'Arnaud-Baculard, an eminent writer, is + guillotined for having lodged an emigrant in his + house. + Decreed, that every soldier shall suffer death who + shall throw away his arms to fly from an enemy. + Decree of accusation against Gen. Custine. + 27. General D'Oyre, the commandant of Mayence during + the siege, and all his staff, put under arrest by + the convention. + Valenciennes surrenders to the Duke of York. The + Prince of Cobourg takes possession of it for the + Emperor. + 29. Tremendous hail-storms at Paris. + General Custine is sent to the Abbaye. + Decreed, that every 10th of August shall be + celebrated as the festival of the unity and + indivisibility of the republic. + Ordered, that every knight of St. Louis shall + deposit his cross in his municipality. + Decreed, that no assignats, with the late King's + effigy, under the value of 100 livres, shall have + in future any value, but be received only at + present in payment of taxes. + Decreed, that all strangers in France, especially + English, be committed to prison. + Decreed, that all forests and all crops of corn in + La Vendée be burnt. + Decreed, that every vestige of royalty be + destroyed. + Decreed, that the trial of the Queen be commenced. + Decreed, that a camp of 300,000 men be formed + between Valenciennes and Paris. + The invention of the telegraph laid before the + convention. + The effects of the India company seized and sealed. + The members of the revolutionary tribunal doubled, + in order that they may be able to go through + business more expeditiously. + 31. Engagement between the republicans and Sardinians. + Motion by Danton, to pass a national sponge over + the enormous number of assignats. +_Aug_. 1. The convention regulates an uniformity of weights + and measures in the republic. + It denounces to all Europe the government of + England. + Ordered, that the Queen be sent to the ordinary + prison of the Conciergerie, and given up to the + revolutionary tribunal. + Chambon moves, that all castles be erased from the + face of the republic. + 2. A fire in the arsenal of Huningen. + 7. Decreed, that Pitt is the enemy of the human race. + 8. All academics and literary societies, which had + been established by letters patent, suppressed by + decree. + A colossal statue of liberty is erected in the + place of that of Louis XV. + 14. The new constitution accepted by the fedérés. + Decreed, upon the motion of Barrere, that the + nation will repair in mass to the frontiers; this + was the origin of requisitions. + 18. The battle of Lincelles in favour of the allies. + The army of the convention enters Marseilles, after + dispersing the few troops which that city had + raised to oppose it. + Decree for a plan of education purely republican. + The convention charges its commissioners to spare + nothing to reduce Lyons, which is in a state of + rebellion. + A child appears at the bar of the convention, + saying, that instead of preaching up one self-made + God, the convention had established gods in the + principles of equality and the rights of man. + 28. Custine is guillotined, at Paris. + Lord Hood addresses a proclamation to the Southern + provinces of France. + Lord Hood takes possession of Toulon, by agreement + with the chief men and inhabitants of the city, in + the name of Louis XVII. + Action between the Spaniards and the French under + Dagobert, in which the former lose their camp. + 29. The Spaniards obtain advantages over another army + of the French towards the Western Pyrenees. + Within the last six months, twenty-seven generals + of the republican armies have been disgraced or + accused; of whom, five destroyed themselves, three + perished on the scaffold, and fourteen deserted to + the enemy. + 30. Motion to imprison the wives and children of + emigrants. + Motion of Danton to cause the expence of the war to + fall upon merchants and the wealthy. +_ Sept_. 3. Declaration of war by the King of Naples against + the French republic. + Poland is obliged to yield to the treaty of + partition proposed by Prussia. + Decreed, that every administrator of public + accounts, and every national agent shall give in an + exact statement of his fortune previous to the year + 1791. + Le Brun and Claviere, ex-ministers, are deivered to + the revolutionary tribunal. + Energetic address from the convention to the French + people, respecting the treason at Toulon. + Decreed, that all foreign property in France, + especially English, shall be sequestered. + The convention resolves that new commissioners be + sent to St. Domingo, in the room of Polverel and + Santonax. + The Vendean generals write to the Count d'Artois, + inviting him to put himself at their head. + 11. The city of Quesnoy surrenders to the Imperialists. + Robespierre declares to the convention, that the + country is in extreme danger. + The republicans are defeated at Chantonnay by the + royalists. + 12. The Dutch are defeated at Menin. + The Duke of York is forced to raise the siege of + Dunkirk. + General Dumerbian, of the army in Italy, is + arrested. + Engagement between the royalists and republicans. + The Duke de Bethune-Charost arrested. + 14. The French attack the combined armies in different + points near Weissembourg without any thing + decisive. + The Duke de Nivernois and other considerable + persons arrested. + Duhem states to the convention, that its + philanthropy cost France 120,000 persons last year. + The number of vessels found in Toulon by the + English was twenty-two ships of the line and five + frigates. + 15. Decreed, that every young man from 18 to 25 must + immediately join the army. + Menin retaken by General Beaulieu. + 17. The French fail in their attempt to pass the Rhine + at Huningen. + Decreed, that all former nobles and relations of + emigrants, shall be considered as suspected, and be + imprisoned. + Engagement between the Spaniards and French; the + former retire with loss. + 18. The royalists near Saumur take the flying artillery + of the republicans. + 19. The siege of Lyons is commenced. + Decreed, that all women shall carry tickets of + civism, and wear a three-coloured cockade. + Collot d'Herbois proposes to seize and bury all + counter-revolutionists under the land of liberty, + by means of mines. + Barrere proposes to banish all those who are averse + to republican government. + 20. Decreed, that the vulgar aera (sic) be abolished, + and that a new manner be adopted of dividing days + and years, to be called the Republican Calendar. + The French attack the Duke of Brunswick, and are + repulsed near Bitche; several actions take place in + consequence. + 21. Decreed, that no produce or manufacture of England + shall be imported into France or the colonies, but + in French bottoms; nor foreign ships convey the + commodities of France from one French port to + another, under pain of confiscation. + 22. A great number of persons of distinction arrested. + The King of Prussia leaves his army, and returns to + Berlin. + The Prussians make the French to retreat in the + dutchy (sic) of Deux-ponts. + Two thousand millions of assignats issued. + 29. Prince Cobourg passes the Sambre, and invests + Maubeuge. + Decreed that all fathers and mothers shall inform + where their children, in a state of requisition, + are concealed. + Barrere proposes, that as the French nation has + proclaimed liberty to the earth, it should proclaim + liberty also to the sea. + Madame Du Barry, General Houchard, General + Quetinau, and Marshal Luckner, are prisoners in the + Abbaye. + The Duchesses of Grammont and of Chatelet, with + many other nobles, are imprisoned in the Hotel de + la Force. + The number of prisoners in Paris is 2560. + The Queen remains in a dungeon of the Conciergerie, + her trial not yet commenced; nor that of the + deputies, who were put out of the protection of the + law. Brissot, and others, taken and carried to + Paris. + _Oct_. 1. The French obtain a victory over the Sardinians in + the Tarentaise, and in Maurienne. On the side of + Saorgio, the Sardinians have some advantages over + the French. + A great number of members are arrested in the very + convention, and delivered to the revolutionary + tribunal. + Drouet, who stopped the King at Varennes, falls + into the hands of the Austrians. + The constitutional bishop of Derdogne (sic) + presents his new wife to the convention. + 6. Gorsas, a member of the convention, is arrested in + the Palais Royal, and guillotined in 24 hours. + Disgrace of Generals Houchard, Schomberg, and + Landremont, who are replaced by Jourdan, Delmas, + and Moreau. + Thuriot complains to the convention, that Jourdan + is appointed to a command, and enjoys public + confidence; a man of blood, fire, and pillage, + whose name posterity will not read without horror. + The national agent, Hebert, reduces the prisoners + in the temple to the strictest regimen; the Queen + is served on pewter. + 8. The allies gain considerable advantages over the + French at Toulon. + Cambon proposes to discredit specie in order to + raise the value of assignats. + Billaud Varennes proposes the immediate trial of + the Queen. + Arrest of all the members of the constituent + assembly, who protested against the constitution of + 1791. + Republican women appear at the bar of the + convention, declaring that they, as well as men, + are conscious of their rights, and know how to + resist oppression. + 8. Lyons, after some days of siege, is forced to + submit. Barrere moves, that the city be destroyed, + and that a column be erected on the spot, with + these words engraven on it, "Lyons waged war + against liberty; Lyons is no more." + 13. The allies make themselves masters of the Strong + and famous lines of Weissembourg. Lauterbourg + surrenders to them next day. + All monuments of former Kings who were buried at + St. Denis, are destroyed by order of the + convention. + 15. The Queen appears at the bar of the revolutionary + tribunal; Fouquier, the public accuser, reads the + list of injuries and grievances with which she is + charged, and immediately obtains a sentence of + death against her; she hears it with downcast eyes, + and without uttering a word. + 16. Marie Antoinette of Austria, Queen of France, is + conveyed in a cart to the place of execution, her + hands tied behind her back, and with her back to + the horse's tail. She mounted the scaffold + quickly, amidst acclamations of the people, which + excited only a smile of pity in her. She looked + earnestly at the Tuilleries, and seemed to dwell + upon the place where her children were; before she + was fastened to the guillotine, she threw her eyes + up to heaven, and Soon after her head was severed + from her body. + Decreed, that the money of France be changed into + francs of gold and of silver, and into republicans. + Work-houses established to prevent begging. + General Ferrand, writing to the convention an + account of his exploits in Arragon and Catalonia, + says, that he expects to plant the tree of liberty + on the walls of Madrid next campaign. + Prince Cobourg, attacked by the French, raises the + siege of Maubeuge, and repasses the Sambre. + 17. The French are successful in Piedmont. + It is announced to the convention, that the + intruding bishop of Moulins officiated in a red + bonnet, and with a pike instead of the cross and + mitre. + Every external sign of religion is abolished. The + inscription on burying places is, "that death is + "only an eternal sleep." + 22. André Dumont informs the convention from Abbeville, + that he was making the cross and crucifix to + disappear. "I shall comprehend in my proscription + "all those black animals called priests." + The convention orders, that the news of the + conquest of La Vendée be sent to all the + departments. + 24. The royalists again appear, and gain great + advantage over the republicans. + Decreed, that every city which surrenders without + standing one assault shall be razed to the ground. + Permission granted to women to regulate their + fortune, as well as their husbands. + The number of prisoners in Paris amounts to 4000. + The French attack the allies for six days + successively; always bringing up fresh troops; + constantly repulsed, they still return and take + possession of the post, if possible, at any + expence. + 27. New decree against priests. + The French lose 3000 men in two actions; one + against Wurmser, and a second against the + Prussians. + The royalists of La Vendée compleatly (sic) defeat + the French republicans. + The French, who had taken Menin, Courtray, Furnes, + who besieged Nieuport, and threatened Ostend, are + obliged to retire, and evacuate all they had got in + Brabant. + The commissioners at Lyons write, that 800 workmen + are labouring to demolish the city, pursuant to an + order of the convention. Lyons was the second city + of France. + 30. The Duke of York retakes Marchiennes, and makes + 1629 prisoners. + 31. Twenty-one members of the convention guillotined in + 37 minutes, viz. Brissot, Verniaud, Duprat, Valaze, + Gensonnet, Le Hardy, Ducos, Boyer, Fonfrede, + Boileau, Gardier, Du Chastel, Sillery, Fauchet, + Duperret, La Source, Carra, Beauvais, Mainville, + Antiboul, Végée, and La Case. + The royalists of La Vendée take the island of + Noirmoutier. + _Nov_. 1. Egalité conveyed from Marseilles to the prison of + the Conciergerie in Paris. + A column of Vendeans passes the Loire at Ancenis. + Two actions between the Spaniards and French; the + latter lose between five and six thousand men. + A member proposes to guillotine all farmers and + labourers that monopolize. + Decreed, that all lead, iron, copper, and bells of + churches, shall be applied to the use of the war. + The British ambassador presses the Grand Duke of + Tuscany to join the allies. + Decreed, that natural children shall share + inheritances equally with legitimate; provided the + parents have no other husband or wife. + Spoils and plunder of the churches are daily sent + to the convention. + The grand master of Malta takes part with the + allies against France. + Philip Egalité (formerly Duke of Orleans) is + guillotined upon the scaffold to which he brought + his unfortunate King. + Lidon, a member of the convention, shoots himself. + Complaints from all parts of want of bread. The + inhabitants declare they have only a quarter of a + pound of bread each a day. + Bailly, first mayor of Paris, guillotined. + General Beaulieu defeats the French, and forces + them to retreat to Philipville. + Ordered, that farmers of the national domains pay + their rents in kind. + Some persons are ordered to take away by night the + shrine of St. Genevieve, the patroness of Paris, + and whom the Parisians always respected peculiarly; + it is carried to the Mint. + 7. Gabet and his constitutional clergy renounce in the + convention the sacerdotal character. + Madame Roland is condemned to death and executed + the same day, with five municipal officers of + Pont-de-Ce. + 11. Festival of Reason, in the cathedral of Paris. + A woman is appointed to receive the homage there + which is denied to the Deity. + 12. The royalists of La Vendée continue their + successes. + The Piedmontese still unsuccessful, losing their + camp and stores at La Magdeleine. + The national vengeance is at length glutted with + the blood of the inhabitants of Lyons; between 2 + and 3000 persons have been massacred by tying them + together, and firing upon them with case-shot; and + the sabre finished those whose wounds were not + mortal. + Fort-Louis surrenders to the allies. 200 persons + are guillotined at Strasbourg for hesitating to pay + their proportion of a sum ordered to be raised in + that city within 24 hours. + Collot d'Herbois and Foucher, commissioners at + Lyons, write, that the work of destruction goes on + too slow. Mines and fires are necessary to forward + the demolition of so great a city. + The allies make a sally from Toulon, kill 2000 + French, destroy the works, and take eleven pieces + of cannon. + Manuel and Cassy, members of the convention, and + Generals Houchard and Brunet, are guillotined. + 18. Thuriot, Chabot, Bazire, L'Aunay, all deputies, are + imprisoned. Chamfont cuts his throat. Several + actions near Bitche, between the French and + Prussians; the latter are forced to retire. + On the other hand the French lose 8000 men in an + action against Wurmser. + The Sardinians after two actions are forced to + retreat. + Monsieur Lavordy, formerly comptroller of finances, + guillotined. + 26. The Vendéans beat the republicans, and take the + post of Austrain. + The Sardinians under General Brentano repulse the + French. + The Spaniards obtain a victory. + Chambon, member of the convention, mayor of Paris + at the King's massacre, is put out of the + protection of the law, and killed by the + inhabitants of Tulle, among whom he had taken + refuge. + Gen. La Morbiere is guillotined. + 27. The royalists of La Vendée take several towns in + Brittany; on the 19th they take Granville, but + evacuate it. + Barnave, a deputy to the first assembly, one of + the, authors of the revolution, and Duport, then + minister of justice, guillotined. + 29. Project to erect a monument upon the Pont-Neuf, + representing the people as giants. + The convention receives from all parts the letters + of priesthood from the intruders. + Decreed, that a municipal officer with a red bonnet + shall inter the dead. + Robespierre declaims against the eagerness with + which they set about the work of destroying + religion. + A deputation of women appears at the bar with the + red bonnet. + Decree, offering rewards to every abjuring priest. + At Rochefort and other cities the pictures and + books of the churches are burned. + St. Domingo taken by the English. + The orator of the students of the republican school + comes to the bar, to assure the convention that he + and his comrades detest God. + Remonstrances of Mr. Drake, the British minister, + to the Senate of Genoa on the subject of + neutrality. + A member informs the convention that ten thousand + firelocks are made in Paris daily. + Decreed, that a colossal statue be erected in Paris + 46 feet high, with the rights of man and the + constitutional act for a pedestal. + Furious declamation of Robespierre against the + British government. + 30. General O'Hara, commander at Toulon, taken prisoner + by the French. + The inhabitants of Marly send to the convention all + the precious effects of the palace of Marly, and + all the iron of the famous works of that place. + Decreed, that all the lakes and marshes of the + republic be dried, and sowed with grain of various + sorts. +_Dec_. 1. The Jacobins of Nantes drown 90 priests destined + for Guiana, by sinking the ship in which they were + embarked. + Madame du Barry, the Duke Chatelet, the two + Rabauts, members of the convention, Kersaint and + Noel, members also, are all guillotined. The + ex-minister Claviere kills himself in prison. + One hundred and fifty persons guillotined at + Dunkirk. + The festival of an ass celebrated at Lyons, in + derision of religious worship. + Collot d'Herbois informs the convention of the + massacres which he has executed at Lyons. + The right wing of the Austrian army takes 1200 + prisoners, and kills 1700. + The Prince of Condé takes 7 cannon, and kills 1300 + men. + The Duke of Brunswick kills takes and (sic) 6000 + men. + 3. Wurmser defeats the army opposed to him, kills + 10,000, and makes 5,000 prisoners. + 4. The French evacuate Deux-Ponts, having lost immense + numbers of men and of artillery. + Raymond le Veuve is guillotined at Bourdeaux (sic). + The French attack the Austrian and Prussian armies + almost daily, and are constantly repulsed with + loss. + 11. The French, notwithstanding their constant losses + continue to attack the lines of the allies. They + lose 5000 in an attack near Haguenau. + Valadi is discovered and guillotined. + 12. The royalists are defeated with great loss near + Mans. + In an action near La Guerche, the Vendéans kill + 7000 republicans, and take their artillery. + Birateau, member of the convention, guillotined at + Bourdeaux. + The festival of reason celebrated in all cities of + France, as in Paris. + Madame de Villette, niece of Voltaire, dies on the + scaffold. + 14. The French make an attack on the posts of the + allies on the side of Courtray, and are repulsed. + The general, with his aid-du-camp (sic) and staff + to the number of 25, are arrested at Lisle. + 16. The French again attack the lines of Gen. Wurmser, + and are again repulsed with great loss. + 18. The royalists of La Vendée are again victorious + near Concale. + Toulon is retaken by the republicans, its name is + changed on the motion of Barrere, to that of the + "Port of the Mountain." + Letter of Chabot from the prison of the Luxemburg + to the convention. + 20. The Duke of Brunswick, near Weissembourg defeats + the French army, kills 10,000, and takes their camp + and baggage with 47 pieces of artillery. + Rejoicings in Paris on account of the retaking of + Toulon. + The French, after having so often attacked the + allies with great loss, and returned as often to + harrass (sic) them still, at length carry their + point. They take 16 cannon, kill 500 men, and + recover the strong lines of Weissembourg. + 27. The allies raise the siege of Landau. +1794. +_Jan_. 1. The representatives of the people, in order to get + rid of prisoners in La Vendée direct that all of + them be thrown into the Loire. + 2. The island of Noirmoutier is retaken by the + republicans; 800 royalists are killed and 1200 are + made prisoners. + 3. The old marshal Luckner, and the son of General + Custine, guillotined. + 4. Eight hundred emigrants perish in crossing the + Rhine. + The States of Brabant require great contributions + for the expence of the war. + Bourdon de L'Oise complains, that the minister is + still too monarchical, and he demands that one + purely republican be appointed. + The Prince of Talmond, one of the chiefs of the + royalists, is taken by the republicans near + Fougeres. The remains of his army joins the + Chouans. + The Chouans, who now begin to be distinguished, are + so called from two brothers, gentlemen of that + name, who were particularly active in levying + troops in Brittany for the service of the + royalists. + 6. Mons. d'Espremenil, a counsellor of the parliament + of Paris, and an ex-constituent, thrown into + prison. + General Cartaux sent to the Conciergerie. + Chambon, comptroller of finances, complains that + printing the names of emigrants on large paper is + too expensive, and moves that the small octavo be + used. + Decree of accusation against Roncin and Rossignol, + generals of the republic in La Vendée. + The revolutionary tribunal of Lyons, to please the + people, burns in effigy the Emperor, the Kings of + England, Spain, Prussia, and Sardinia, Mr. Pitt, + and the Pope. The city of Toulon is also burnt in + the representation of a woman. + La Mourette, intruding bishop of Lyons, guillotined. + Herbert is convicted of having received from the + national treasury, for his journal "Le Pere du + Chesne," in June 1793, 123,000 livres, and in + October 60,000 livres. + 11. Thomas Payne and Anacharsis Cloots imprisoned in + the Luxemburg. + Ordered by the jacobin club of Paris, that all + sarcasms and philippics, uttered in their tribune + against the government and constitution of England, + be printed and sent to the patriots in the three + kingdoms. + The convention decrees, that all inscriptions on + monuments shall be in the French language. + Decreed, that all property real and personal of the + farmers-general shall belong to the nation. + Pondicherry surrenders to the British. + The president of the convention reads a letter from + Vitré. "The souls of most of the royalists have + "been sent to the Eternal Father; we are every day + "destroying the Chouans, those infernal banditti." + The French are active in restoring the lines of + Weissembourg to cover the siege of Fort-Louis. + The Baron Latude guillotined; he had lived many + years in the Bastille, and was called the proof and + victim of despotism. + The committee of public safety remove Simon, the + shoemaker, from the office of tutor and preceptor + to the son of Louis XVI. confined in the Temple; + and resolve that there is no need of any other in + his place. + A manufacture is offered to the convention of + cloth made of two-thirds hair. + 19. The chimney-sweepers request of the convention the + release of Abbé Fenelon, who had been a father to + them during 60 years. + 21. The anniversary of the death of Louis XVI. is + declared in the convention a day of glory. + Between the 13th of December and the 24th of + January, 325 persons were guillotined at Lyons, and + 330 shot. + Generals Wurmser and the Duke of Brunswick are + succeeded by Generals Braun and Moellendorff. + The female citizen Chapuis, daughter of the + general, demands to serve as a dragoon. + The Count d'Artois sends his diamonds to Marshal + Broglio for the use of emigrants. + Motion by Rhul against the Elector of Bavaria. + A deputation of Americans demand the release of + their countryman Thomas Payne. The president + replies that he is an Englishman. + 27. Decreed, that all castles in conquered countries + which cannot be used as hospitals shall be burned. + Decreed, that sixty-two millions of assignats shall + be at the disposition of the war-minister + 29. every month. And that 95,000 cavalry be raised for + the next spring. + 30. Upwards of three thousand peasants, prisoners from + La Vendée, are guillotined or shot at Nantes. + 31 Perigord Tayleyrand, bishop of Autun, ordered to + leave England. +_Feb_. 1. Mons. La Borde, the former court banker, and father + of La Borde de Merville, an ex-constituent, is + forced to purchase his liberty with a large sum of + money. + The opera of "Toute la Gréce" is in great + vogue--the story of it is, that Philip, seeing all + Greece rising in a mass, begs for peace; Greece + refuses to make peace with a King. + Report to the convention, that excellent soap is + made of potatoes. + 4. Slavery abolished in all the colonies. + Pichegru appointed commander of the army of the + North in the room of Jourdan. + The treasurer Cambon states to the convention that + last year 4,885,764 livres were coined of copper + and bell-metal. + A deputation of blacks appears at the bar to be + received as brethren. + Decreed, that every officer and soldier, of + whatever rank, shall have an equal quantity of + provisions, a man having but one stomach. + 7. The 48 sections of Paris appear at the bar to + protest against any suspension of arms. + All mints for coining money suppressed, except that + of Paris. + The commune of Chamberry sends to the convention + twelve thousand marks [Footnote: Eight ounces + each.] of silver, together with the sword of Prince + Eugene, five feet long. + Manifesto of the Germanic body to justify the war + with France. + The Prince of Talmond and fourteen priests + guillotined. + One of the two brothers, of La Vendée, from whom + the Chouans took their name, is killed by the + republicans. + A bloody quarrel between the republican and + revolutionary soldiers of the French army. + The Vendeans obtain advantages at Cholet. + The Duke and Duchess of Luynes, and Mons de + Montmorency, an ex-constituent, imprisoned. + A work is published under the sanction of the + convention, proving that the national domains, that + is, the estates of the king (sic), the nobles, the + clergy, and the emigrants, are worth twenty + milliards of livres. + Deputies from the county of Mot Belliard demand its + union with France. + The old name of Marseilles is restored; it had been + forfeited by a decree, and was called "Sans-nom." + 18. The Abbé Maury is promoted to the dignity of + cardinal. + Troops sent from Paris to La Vendée receive orders + to travel fourteen leagues a day. + 20. Thomas Payne claims protection of the club of + Cordeliers, who return for answer the vote he gave + on the King's trial. + Mons. du Chaffault, lieut.-general of marines, an + officer of great services and high estimation, is + massacred in Poitou at the age of eighty-five + years. + The convention, on the motion of Barrere, decree a + political lent, in order to leave the more animal + food for the sick and aged. + A petition from Burgundy demands the death of young + Capet. + Death of Cardinal de Lomenie du Brienne, one of the + earliest promoters of the revolution. + St. Just makes a motion, the object of which is, to + excite the people to murder and vengeance, for 1200 + years of crimes which had been committed against + them. + Motion by Danton for an agrarian law. + 26. Report upon La Vendée. It consists of sixteen + departments of forty square leagues, between the + Loire and the sea, from Painboeuf to Saumur. + The sister of Mirabeau is reduced to solicit alms + of the convention. +_March_. Several sections of Paris complain to the + convention of a scarcity of provisions. + Decreed, that all the property of priests, either + banished or imprisoned, be confiscated for the use + of the state. + Danton makes a flaming republican speech to the + convention. + All horses of the plough put in requisition. + The number of prisoners in Paris amount to 6100. + 9. The minister of justice proposes to institute a + committee of insurrection, to overturn all the + monarchies of Europe. + The sale of the property of emigrants amounted in + the year 1793 only to twenty millions of livres, + not half the real value of the estates of one + emigrant alone, the Duke de Montmorency. + The number of victims destroyed by the guillotine + or grape-shot at Lyons, to this date, amounted to + somewhat more than five thousand. + Populus, an ex-constituent, guillotined at Lyons. + The clubs of the jacobins and cordeliers form an + alliance. + At Nevers seventy-four priests, who refuse to take + the oath, are guillotined. At Dijon fourteen + nobles suffer the same fate, because they used the + titles of Count and Baron. + The merchants of Bourdeaux are all arrested on the + same day, and condemned to the guillotine; but are + permitted to redeem their lives by paying one + hundred millions of livres, to which they are + forced to submit. + 14. Robespierre invents a conspiracy, or pretended + treason, in order to secure his authority. + The wife of Momoro, who had played the part of + first goddess of reason, guillotined. + All strangers are banished from Paris. + The Vendeans are beat on the left bank of the Loire + by General Cordelier. + The convention states the expences of 1793 to be at + the rate of four hundred millions of livres a month. + 15. Hebert and his partizans (sic) are arrested. The + jacobins betray the cordeliers. + 17. Herault de Sechelles guillotined. + 21. The Emperor forbids his subjects to make any + payments in France. + 24. The island of Martinico submits wholly to the + English. + A secret is laid before the convention of removing + the impression of ink from paper, and of rendering + it as new. + Wives of emigrants forbid to marry foreigners. + Eight thousand men sent to La Vendée. + The revolutionary army is disbanded. + Means discovered to expel foul air, by burning + common salt moistened with oil of vitriol. + 30. The brother of Abbé (now Cardinal) Maury + guillotined at Avignon. + 31. Jourdan appointed commander in chief of the army of + the Moselle. + Barrere exclaims against atheism and irreligious + principles. +_April_ 5. Danton, Camille des Moulins, Fabre d'Eglantine, De + l'Aulnay, Chabot, La Croix, Philippeau, Bazire, and + Julien, all voters for the King's death, delivered + to the revolutionary tribunal, and guillotined. + Danton, when asked his name and quality, replied, + "a being now that in a few hours will be a + non-entity." + Camille des Moulins, being required to tell his + age, replied, "the same as the sans-culottes Jesus, + "34 years." + Westerman, who stiled (sic) himself the conqueror + of royalists, the Abbé d'Espagnac, and many others, + are guillotined. + 7. Formal entry of the Emperor into Brussels. + Decreed, that the executive council be suppressed, + as incompatible with republican government. + Chambon states the expence, extraordinary and + revolutionary, 1,600,000,000 livres. + A deputation at the bar of the assembly demands, + that death be the order of the day. + The prisoners in Paris amount to 6763. + Dumas, a deputy, pretends to point out a method of + knowing a counter-revolutionist by his physiognomy. + St. Lucia taken by the English. + 9. Gobet, intruding bishop of Paris, guillotined. + The honours of the pantheon voted to Rousseau. + 12. The city of Oneglia taken by the French. + St. Just, in the convention, asks the question + "What is a King compared with a French citizen?" + 14. The allies repulse the French on the Lys. + The daughter of Sultan Achmet III. who had fled + into France, and found refuge there during 64 + years, obtains alms of the convention, viz. 6oo + livres, (about 25l. sterling.) + 18. Laborde, a wealthy banker who had several times + redeemed his life by large sums of money, is + guillotined. + The principal members of the parliaments of Paris, + and of Toulouse, are guillotined. + 20. The woods of Vitré and Rennes burned to dislodge + the royalists. + 21. Gen. Beaulieu beats the French at Arlon. + 22. Guadaloupe taken by the English. + The old Mons. de Malsherbes, one of the generous + defenders of Louis XVI. guillotined. + 24. The allies beat the French near Cambray. + 26. The Duke of York takes 35 pieces of cannon, and a + French general; he kills 5000 men, and makes 3000 + prisoners. + To facilitate the sale of the lands of emigrants, + they are divided into lots of three hundred livres + each, and twenty years credit given. + 28. The French seize Courtray the day of the annual + fair, and get a great booty. + 29. General Clairfait gains a considerable advantage, + killing 3000 men, and taking several cannon. + 30. Landrecy surrenders to the Emperor with a garrison + of 6ooo men. + In this month were executed, besides those + mentioned already, Monsieur d'Espréménil, + Chaumette, procureur of the commune of Paris, Gen. + Arthur Dillon, Hebert and Simon, deputies, Gen. + Roncin, Momoro, Anarcharsis Cloots, a deputy, Du + Buisson, Goutte, an intruding bishop, Gen. Beisser, + the Marquis of Chateau Briant, the Duchesses of + Chatelet and Grammont, the Viscountess de + Pont-Ville, Thouret and Chapellier, two very active + revolutionists. + Kosciusko puts himself at the head of a revolution + in Poland. +_May_ 1. In the prisons of Paris 22,000 persons are + confined, and in all the departments of France + 653,000. + The Duke de Biron, upon sentence of death being + passed upon him by the revolutionary tribunal, + cried out, "I deserve it, for having betrayed my + "King and served his enemies." + The Count du l'Aigle, being also condemned, said to + the people, "It is not my head, it is bread and + "your King that you ought to demand." + Decreed, that all royal houses shall be kept for + the use and enjoyment of the people. + 10. Robespierre obtains decrees to admit the existence + of a Supreme Being, and of the immortality of the + soul; and for the establishment of decadary + festivals. + In La Vendée, General Haxo, after the example of + General Moulin, blows his brains out, to avoid + being taken prisoner. + All letters coming into France are opened. + From the 29th of April to the 4th of May, 109 + persons are guillotined in Paris, and many more in + the departments. + In the valley of Aost, 6000 French were killed by + the peasants of Piedmont. + Barrere announces the capture of a Spanish camp, + with two hundred cannon, and two thousand men. + All the farmers-general are accused in a mass, and + sent to the revolutionary tribunals, + The town of Sargio and Piedmontese camp taken by + the French. + 11. Seventy-one persons, among whom are 27 + farmers-general, are guillotined. + Madame Elizabeth, sister of the late King, is + carried before the revolutionary tribunal and + interrogated, " What is your name?" "Elizabeth + "Philippine Marie Helene de France." + "Your quality?" "Aunt of the King." These last + words are scarcely pronounced, when the tribunal + condemns her to death. + 12. The next day she is conducted to the scaffold, with + 25 persons who were guillotined in her presence; it + being directed that she should suffer the last. + She died at the age of thirty years, and left a + character of unblemished purity. + Decreed, that all aged and infirm priests be kept + in houses belonging to the republic. + Report upon mendacity. Decreed, that the + convention will efface the name of beggary and + poverty from the annals of the republic. + The town and citadel of Bastia taken by the + English. + The commune of Sens writes to the convention, that + it has dug up all the bodies of the Capets that + were interred in their cathedral, in order to bury + them in ordinary ground. + An address to the French nation is prepared by + Barrere, and published by the convention, + concluding with these words: "Let the English + "slaves perish, and let Europe be free." + 13. Revolutionary tribunals suppressed, except that of + Paris. + 14. L'Huillier kills himself in prison, and Rebecqui + drowns himself--both active agents in the massacres + of Avignon, and of the 2d of September. + 15. Kaunitz forces the French to repass the Sambre with + the loss of 5000 men. + 18. The Duke of York, with 3500 men, is attacked by + 15000 French, and forced to retreat. + General Beaulieu, near Bouillon, kills 3000 French, + and takes 700. + 22. Battle near Tournay, lasts 16 hours; the French + lose 12,000 men, and the allies 3000. + A French army of 10,000 men penetrates into + Luxembourg. + 24. Kaunitz takes 80 cannon, kills 2000 French, and + takes 3000. + Insurrection of the patriots at Liege. + The Emperor quits the army, and returns to Vienna. + 29. Battle of Germersheim; the French lose 400 killed, + and 600 taken prisoners. + A plot to assassinate Robespierre and Collot + d'Herbois fails of success; the former obtains a + guard for his person. +_June_ 1. The British fleet under Lord Howe engages the + French; the latter loses eight sail of the line. + 2. The convention decrees, that no Englishman or + Hanoverian shall be made prisoner in battle--no + quarter to be given, but all without reserve to be + put to the sword. + The Duke of York communicates this barbarous decree + to his army, in a manner that does honour to a + soldier and to a man. + The guillotine is destroyed by the people at St. + Brieux, and the revolutionary tribunal expelled. + 4. The French are routed near Charleroy with the loss + of 4000 men. + The man who saved Collot d'Herbois from + assassination, obtains a pension of 1500 livres a + year. + Decreed, that the members of the convention, when + on duty, shall wear marks of distinction. + Proclamation of the Emperor to induce all Brabant + to rise in a mass. + A military school is instituted in the plain of + Sablons near Paris. + Decreed, that a new grammar be published, to give + to the language of liberty a character that is + suitable to it. + 8. Jourdan, called Coupe-tête, general of the army at + Avignon, guillotined. + The son and daughter of Louis XVI. employed to make + shoes and shirts for the nation. + 10. General Clairfait is obliged to retreat. + The French take Port-Vendre, Collieure, and St. + Elme. + 13. A festival to the Eternal. Robespierre acts the + part of Pontiff. The ceremony is designed to + satisfy the people, by putting an end to atheism. + The members of the convention assume the + distinction of a plume of feathers in the hat, and + a three-coloured scarf. + The French army in Maritime Flanders amounts to + 170,000 men. + The inviolability of the members of the convention + is renewed. + A large convoy from America with corn arrives in + France. + 16. The French lose 7,000 men in an action near + Charleroy. + Ypres surrenders to the French--this conquest opens + all Brabant. + The numerous forces opposed to the allies oblige + them to retreat. + 20. One milliard two hundred and five millions of + livres in assignats issued. + Port-au-Prince taken by the English. + The dread of the guillotine causes fifty thousand + persons to emigrate. + 21. Commencement of a quarrel between Robespierre and + Bourdon de l'Oise, and another between Tallien and + Robespierre. + Ninety-four nuns transported to Africa. + Twenty-one members of the parliament of Toulouze + (sic) guillotined at Paris. + 26. Every thing in France is put in requisition, men, + horses, provisions, and all sorts of property. + 28. Some terrible conspiracy is supposed, and announced + to the public in order to authorise new massacres. + "Paris," says Barrere, "shall be henceforth the + "city with a hundred gates; each gate shall + "announce some triumph, or some revolutionary, + "epoch". + 29. The French besiege Charleroy. + The number of persons guillotined this month is as + follows. From the first to the ninth of June, 100 + On the 9th, 22 + 10th, 30 + 11th, 33 + 12th, 8 + 13th, 20 + From 14 to 17th 103 + 17 to 20th 50 + On the 21st, 26 + 22d, 14 + 25th, 48 + 27th, 29 + Total guillotined in Paris in the month of June 483 + +_July_ Religious worship abolished at Liege, the priests + banished, and the churches demolished. + 3. Sir Gilbert Elliot receives the crown of Corsica in + the name of the King of Great-Britain. + Proclamation of the Stadtholder on the dangers + which threaten Holland. + A festival of the human race at Paris--it ends with + adopting poor children. + The French take Mons and Ostend; 87 persons + guillotined. + Newport also falls to the French--130 emigrants + shot. + Tournay taken by the same. The British + 7. forced to evacuate Alost. Fifty persons condemned + to death. + 8. The Austrians quit Brussels; the French enter it, + and retake Landrecy. + Spires, Mechlin, and Louvain, abandoned by the + allies. + Sixty persons guillotined at Brest. + Robespierre, in an address to the convention, is + heard for the first time with coolness. + The plunder of the churches of Brabant is sent to + the convention, together with two millions of + livres in specie from Mons. + 18. Namur opens its gates to the French. + 19. Revolution at Geneva. + The convention is charged in its accounts with 150 + reams of paper a day;--each of its decrees costs + 83,000 livres; on the first of April last, 6800 + decrees had been passed by the three legislatures. + The members who compose the committee of public + safety, at this time of havoc and universal terror, + are Robespierre, Couthon, Billaud Varennes, + Barrere, Collot d'Herbois, Lindet, Prieur, Carnot, + and St. Just. + 26. Robespierre denounces to the convention one hundred + of its members. A party instantly rises against + him. He is attacked by Billaud Varennes and + Tallien, and thunderstruck with the accusations + against him. + 27. Robespierre endeavours to kill himself; the wound + not mortal. + 28. All the following persons are guillotined this day: + Robespierre the elder and the younger, Couthon and + St. Just, members of the convention; Henriot, + commander in chief of the Parisian guard; La + Vallette, another commander; Dumas, president of + the revolutionary tribunal; Lescott Fleuriot, mayor + of Paris; Payan, chief agent of the commune; + Viviers, a criminal judge, and president of the + jacobin club; Simon, preceptor of the young Prince; + upwards of eighty municipal officers; one Deputy, a + commissioner with the army, and one general + officer, all partizans of Robespierre. + Tallien proclaims in the convention, that the day + of the tyrant's death is a festival for universal + fraternity. + From the 1st to the 19th of July were guillotined + in Paris, in all 406 persons. + On the 20th, 34 + 21st, 29 + 22d, 46 + 24th, 30 + From 25th to 27th 135 + 28th, 22 + 29th, 70 + Total guillotined in July 772 + +_Aug_. 1. At this time the guillotine remains unemployed. + The convention charges sixteen committees with the + management of public affairs. + 2. The Spaniards are defeated--The French take + Fontarabia and St. Sebastian. + Pichegru, with 190,000 men, is commanded to conquer + Holland. + 3. Prince Cobourg calls upon the States of Germany to + assemble and oppose with unanimity the alarming + mass of French troops which is on the point of + breaking in upon them. + 5. The convention abolishes Robespierre's system of + terror. + Brussels gives a civic feast on account of its + union with France. + The French enter Treves, and summon Breda. + Pelet solicits the convention for the return of + order, of justice, and of commerce. + 10. The English take possession of Calvi. + 11. The states-general earnestly exhort the Dutch to + defend themselves. + 13. A general release of prisoners confined in France + by order of Robespierre--they amounted to upwards + of 500,000. + Quesnoy retaken by the French, with 3000 men. + The telegraph first made use of. + 15. An ambassador from America receives the fraternal + kiss. + 26. L'Ecluse surrenders by capitulation to the French. + Ordered, that all persons may travel freely without + passports in the interior of the republic. + The new ambassador from Geneva received in the + convention. + 29. Valenciennes surrenders; its garrison consisted of + 8ooo men, of whom 1100 were emigrants. + 30. Condé surrenders to the French. + Frèron and Tallien propose measures of moderation, + that is, a system opposite to that of terror. +_Sept_. 1. The Emperor threatens to withdraw his troops, if + the circles of Germany do not support him better. + The academy cf arts and sciences of Paris discovers + a method of making pot-ash from the horse-chesnut + (sic). + Bois-le-Duc and Breda inundated. + The convention passes some decrees favourable to + the emigrants. + 5. Rochelle and Montfort denounce the nobles and + priests. + 6. An orator of one of the electoral clubs of Paris + presents a petition, which he is unable to read. + Bertier acquaints the convention that he has set at + liberty all prisoners in the North under 15 years + of age. + The convention receives numerous congratulations on + the death of Robespierre. + Tallien resigns his seat as member of the committee + of public safety. + Motion of Barrere against bankers and stockjobbers. + An attempt is made to assassinate Tallien, but he + escapes with some severe wounds. + 10. The flag of the republic of Geneva is received into + the convention. + Merlin, of Thionville, makes an animated speech in + the convention against the jacobins. + The two ruling parties in the convention are, the + partizans of terror, called the Mountain. and the + Moderates. + Protests and placarts (sic) are stuck up in all + parts of Paris against the despotism of the + convention. + 11. The convention decrees that all those shall be + subject to the laws against emigrants, who quitted + France since the 1st of July 1789, and did not + return before 9th of May 1792. + Decreed, that the nation will pay no more salaries + to ministers, or others officiating in any + religious worship. + Motion by Duhem to expel all that remains of the + family of Capet from the territory of the republic. + Report of Lindet on the state of France, in which + are marked its dangers, errors, and disasters. + The Spaniards are forced to give up the important + city of Bellegard to the French at discretion. + 12. The Piedmontese are repulsed with considerable + loss. + 13. Great commotions at Marseilles. + 15. Ordered, that the remains of Marat be interred in + the Pantheon. + 16. The British and Hanoverians pass the Rhine with + some loss. The Duke of York retires to Nimeguen. + Ceremonies established for the observance of the + days called "Sans-culottides," which are the + supplementary days of the republican calendar. + General Clairfait marches towards Cologn (sic), and + passes the Roar (sic). + The French invest Maestricht, and take possession + of Aix-la-Chapelle, Malmedi, and Spa. + Balloons are used by the French to make + observations of their enemy's proceedings. + Twenty-nine waggons loaded with gold and silver, to + the value of 18,359,404 livres are brought to Paris + from Belgium. + The throne of the Elector of Treves is among the + spoils. + 25. A national festival is celebrated at Paris on + account of the evacuation of the French territory + by the enemy. + 27. Crêvecoeur surrenders by capitulation to the + French. + 30. The allies still continue to retreat. + Decreed, that all directories and all municipal + bodies of the republic shall be purified; and all + revolutionary committees reorganized. +_Oct_. 1. General Clairfait passes the Rhine. + Keyserslautern taken by the Prussians. + 3. The French enter Juliers. The body of Rousseau + transferred to the Pantheon. + 4. Bommel and Bois-le-Duc surrender to the French. + The garrison of Nimeguen sallies, and kills 2000 + French. + Proclamation of the Prince of Orange, exhorting the + Dutch to resist the enemy in a body (en masse.) + 5. Lyons permitted to resume its name--confiscation, + and massacres are suspended there. + 6. The convention addresses the French people to + acquaint them that henceforward the order of the + day shall be "severe, but not atrocious or + "sanguinary justice." + Pichegru makes himself master of Cologne, Gueldres, + and Cleves. + French soldiers who died this campaign in the + hospitals at Lisle, amount to 47,000. + The English pass the Rhine. The French enter + Bonne (sic). + The chiefs of the royal and catholic armies in + Bretagne make a solemn appeal, to the French + people, to incite them to rally about the standards + of religion and of the King. + The following contributions were levied by the + French in Brabant: + Livres. + + At Antwerp 10,000,000 + Ghent 7,000,000 + Brussels 5,000,000 + Bruges 4,000,000 + Mechlin 1,260,076 + Lierre 500,000 + Oudenarde 500,000 + Ipres 1,000,000 + Alost 4,000,000 + Ostend 2,000,000 + Courtray 3,000,000 + Ath 150,000 + Mons 1,640,875 + Louvain 2,000,000 + Namur 5,000,000 + Huy 126,171 + Total 51,177,122 + + 12. The Russians entirely defeat the Poles under + Kosciusko, and take Warsaw. + The French take Worms; and pass the Rhine. + 20. The British and Dutch defeated on the banks of the + Meuse. + 25. The French take Coblentz and Venloo. + Six thousand young women put in requisition in + Brabant to attend the hospitals. + The states of Holland openly abandon the interests + of the Stadtholder. + Great numbers of emigrants shot at Ipres, Neuport, + and l'Ecluse. + Freron, the journalist, attacks furiously in the + convention the remains of Robespierre's party. + Proclamation by General Washington to check the + buds of rebellion in America. + Assignats burned to the 30th of September last, + amounted to 2,367,000,000 livres. + All public ordinances by the representatives of the + people begin in this form, "The thunder of God: in + "the name of the representatives of the people, it + "is commanded under pain of death, &c." + Address from the court of Madrid to stimulate the + Spanish nation against the French. + Motion by Baraillon to imprison all those who have + had national property conveyed to them under its + value, and those who have laid waste the lands and + houses of emigrants and of condemned persons; and + all those who have misapplied public money. + Decree to abolish the jacobin club. +_Nov_. 4. Rhinfeld surrenders at discretion; Maestricht by + capitulation. + Nimeguen surrenders. + French commissaries proclaim liberty at Martinico. + Billaud Varennes endeavours in vain to revive the + jacobins. + The convention offers full pardon to the rebels of + La Vendée who will lay down their arms and serve + the republic. + Guadaloupe is retaken by the French. + Cambon reports that assignats in circulation amount + to 6,400,000,000 of livres, and the expence of the + present year to 2,200,000,000 livres. + Addresses of congratulation from all parts on the + overthrow of the jacobins. + 17. The Spaniards defeated by the French. + Republican General Dugommier killed. + 20. The Spaniards again defeated--three generals taken. + St. Fernard, Figueras, and Aspaetta, surrender. + 30. Grave surrenders to the French. + Carrier and his bloody accomplices decreed to be in + a state of accusation. + Decreed, that all emigrants be for ever banished + from the republic, their property confiscated, and + their return punished with death. +_Dec_. 1. The French make several unsuccessful attempts on + the side of Mayence, but are repulsed with loss. + 7. Ten members of the revolutionary committee of + Paris, convicted of peculation (sic) and abuse of + power, are condemned to twenty years imprisonment, + and to stand six hours in the pillory at the Place + de Grêve, the place of common executions. + The municipality of Nantes forbid all persons to + drink the water of the river Loire, on account of + the infection from the dead bodies which were + victims of Carrier's cruelty. + 8. The seventy-one members who had been proscribed by + Robespierre resume their seats in the convention. + 11. The French pass the Waal, attack the Hanoverians, + and retire. + 12. Utrecht taken by the French. + 19. The Dutch send commissaries to Paris to treat of + peace. + 25. The Austrians retire across the Rhine. The French + pass the Meuse, having taken fort St. André. The + Dutch regiments of Hohenloe and Bentinck lay down + their arms. + 26. The English quit Bommel abandoning their artillery. + The law which forbad quarters to the English and + Hanoverians is repealed. + Clundest surrenders to the French. + Loizeroles submits to be imprisoned and to be put + to death in the stead of his son. + 30. The decree of Robespierre revoked, which condemned + those to death who had connection with nobles or + clergy. All his laws decreed to be reviewed, and a + plan proposed of forgiving all revolutionary + crimes. + The French take 120 pieces of cannon, and 1600 + prisoners. + A great fire in the arsenal of Landau. + Pensions decreed to men of letters. + Upon a motion by Clauzel, a prosecution is decreed + against all the accomplices of Robespierre, who is + called "the butcher of the French people." + The British parliament votes almost unanimously for + the prosecution of the war. + Carrier suffers on the scaffold for all his + atrocities. +1795. +_Jan_. 1. The salary of members of the convention raised from + 18 to 36 livres a day. "Keep your 36 livres, (said + "some persons on this subject) but let us have a + "Louis." + The people of Lyons drag about the streets the bust + of Marat, Challier, and Pelletier de St. Fargeau, + who had but lately been objects of their idolatry. + A woman appears at the bar of the convention, + furnished with scythes, by means of which it was + stated that a woman and child could mow five acres + in a day. Honourable mention! + Decreed, that the sovereignty of the people is + inalienable, and that they have a right to chuse + (sic) any form of government except royalty. + 3. The French are dislodged from their position at + Wardenberg by the English and Austrians. + The French attack the British rear-guard. + 9. The whole British army passes the Rhine. + 10. The French army passes the Waal in different points + at the time on the ice, and takes possession of + Thiel. All the rivers of Holland and the Low + Countries are frozen over so as to bear the + heaviest weights, and favour the operations of the + French extremely. + Cambon states the number of livres in circulation + in the form of assignats to amount to + 9,600,000,000; and he proposes a lottery to reduce + the number to four milliards (each one thousand + million). + Mercier makes a bold speech in the convention + against the abolition of religious worship. + 14. The French attack the British along their whole + line from Arnheim to Amerongen. + The Prince of Orange and his son resolve to quit + the Hague. + The states of Holland agree with the French to + deliver up their country to them. The Fleet of + Holland is locked up by the ice, and shares the + fate of the country. + An imposition of one million of livres in specie is + laid upon Liege, and a thousand livres a day for + every day's delay. + Hostages are sent from Liege to Paris. + Utrecht summoned and taken without opposition. + Wurcum, Dorcum, and Dort, taken. + 18. Pichegru sends detachments to take possession of + Leyden, Amsterdam, and the Hague. + The Princess of Orange and her daughter-in-law + depart for England. + Tallien moves in the convention to put to death all + the partizans of the system of terror which covered + France with bastilles and scaffolds. + Breda, Bergen-op-Zoom, Gertruydenberg, and + Williamstadt, open their gates to the French, upon + hearing that Holland was given up. + The French generals require that within the space + of one month Holland shall supply them with 200,000 + quintals [Footnote: 100lbs. each.] of flour, + 1,000,000 of rations of hay, 200,000 rations of + straw, 1,000,000 bushels of wheat, 150,000 pair of + shoes, 200,000 shirts, 20,000 pair of boots, 20,000 + coats and waistcoats, 30,000 pair of breeches, + 150,000 pantaloons, 50,000 hats, and 12,000 oxen. + 28. Duhem is ordered to the Abbaye prison, for saying + that aristocracy and royalism were triumphant. He + is refused admittance, there being no room. + 31. Report on the finances states that the expences of + the last month exceeded the receipt by 218,779,475 + livres. + Dubois Crancé, on the state of the republic, + reports, that eleven hundred thousand men are under + arms. +_Feb_. 2. A ship is laid on the stocks at Brest called "the + "Avenger of the Country," intended to carry 136 + guns; 24 feet longer, and 3 feet wider, than any + ever built. + The assembly of the provisionary representatives of + the United Provinces acknowledges the rights of man + and the sovereignty of the people, dismisses the + states-general, abolishes the office of + stadtholder, suppresses the regency of the Hague, + and appoints a new committee of the India company. + A deputation from the people of colour thanks the + convention for liberty granted to the negroes + (sic). + Disturbances at Rouen, and other great cities. + Four presses of false assignats seized at Paris. + Ordered, that deputies be sent to the colonies + beyond the Cape of Good-Hope. + 4. Gouly harangues the convention to inflame it + against England, which has usurped, as he said, a + tyrannic dominion over the sea. + Petitioners appear at the bar, demanding bread. + Zealand capitulates. + The republic of Basle acknowledges the French + republic. + A decree upon religious worship, which seems to + allow it more liberty than of late. + Rovere in full convention charges Syeyes with + having been an instrument and counseller of + Robespierre. + 8. Tumults at the theatres in Paris. + 9. The sections of Paris demand the trial of Barrere, + of Collot d'Herbois, and Billaud Varennes. + 10. The convention ratifies a treaty of peace with + Tuscany. + The administration of Belgium addresses the + convention, desiring an union with France. + 11. Barrere, Collot d'Herbois, and Billaud Varennes, + decreed to be under arrest. + Antwerp informs the convention that 40,000 Belgians + are ready to join the army of the republic, and + give the last blow to the impious coalition of + crowned tyrants. + The convention appoints to the command of its eight + armies Pichegru as commander in chief, Jourdan, + Moreau, Kellerman, Sharer, Moncey, Clancaux, and + Hoche. + 14. Deputies are nominated for the East-Indies. + 16. The Dutch announce that they have begun the great + work of their regeneration. + 17. Decreed, that all letters belonging to Robespierre + be printed. + 19. Suspension of arms between the royalists of La + Vendée and the republicans. + Assassinations at Avignon. + 23. Conferences between Charette and the commissioners + of the convention. + The French bombard Luxemburg. + Emigrants enrolled in London for an expedition to + the coast of France. + The liberty granted to the press gives public + writers an opportunity of expressing their + sentiments boldly of the convention, and of the + revolution. + 27. Charette, Stofflet, and their officers, dine with + the French commissioners. + 28. Charette joyously received at Nantes. + Cambon states that the expences of this month + exceed the revenue by 443,164,974 livres. +_March_ 1. A reward is offered for destroying wolves. + 4. Carnot presents the following description of the + last campaign, viz. 27 victories, of which, 8 were + pitched battles. 120 actions of smaller + importance. 88,000 enemies killed, and 91,000 made + prisoners. 116 places or strong cities taken, of + which 36 were by siege or blockade; 230 forts or + redoubts; 800 pieces of cannon, 70,000 muskets, + 1,900,000 pounds of powder, and 90 stands of + colours, taken by the republic. + Victory of Admiral Hotham in the Mediterranean. + Commotions in Paris for want of provisions. + Eleven persons massacred at Toulon. + Insurrection at Bourdeaux. + The convention has many debates about Barrere and + his associates. + The Dutch are required to give up to the French + republic all the coined money in their possession. + Rouzet tells the convention it is time that France + should resume her rank among civilized nations. + 5. A committee is appointed to prepare a constitution + (the third in five years). + Boursault reports that the war in La Vendée is + extinguished, but that another had broken out, + called that of the Chouans. + Le Sage denounces the wind which blew down the flag + from the convention-hall. + Decreed, that the 71 deputies proscribed by + Robespierre resume their places. + 14. The treaty of peace with the Vendéans read in the + convention, except the secret articles. + Boissy d'Anglas harangues upon the atrocities in + France, which he attributes to royalists. + 17. A committee is appointed to treat with foreign + powers. + Carletti is received as ambassador from the Grand + Duke of Tuscany. +_April_ 1. Tumults in Paris for bread and a constitution. + 2. Tumults continued at Paris and Amiens. + Barrere, Collot d'Herbois, Vadier, and + Billaud-Varennes, condemned to be transported to + Guyana. + 4. Tumults continue. + 5. The King of Prussia makes peace with the republic. + Motion made to discredit the republican calendar as + an act of despotism worthy of Robespierre. Fails + of success. + The convention takes a guard of 554 life-guard men, + and sixty of the artillery. + The newspapers of Paris speak of the convention + with great boldness. + To quiet the people, it is given out that corn is + coming in from all quarters. + Admiral Renaudin receives orders to put to sea. + Baron de Stael is sent as ambassador from the King + of Sweden to engage in friendship and alliance with + the convention. + Rhull ventures to pronounce in the convention an + eulogy on the old monarchy. + The deficit in the last month amounts to + 660,000,000 livres, + Discourse of Thibadeau to inflame republicanism. + Several communes petition for their former churches + and worship; the convention passes to the order of + the day. + Fortier, compiler of the paper called "The + "Political Correspondence" imprisoned for saying + "that if all the monsters who murdered Louis XVI. + were dead, not a Frenchman would shed a tear over + "the tomb of any one of them." + Sylverster, from the tribune, assures the French + people that notwithstanding the scarcity there is + no danger of starving. + Cambon, who had been treasurer three years and a + half, arrested. + The convention grants to the Duchess of Bourbon + relief to the amount of 18,000 livres; about 70l. + according to the value of assignats. + Credit appears to revive; 270 livres in assignats + for the louis. + Patroles (sic) are doubled in Paris; much + apprehension is entertained. + 19. The convention announces peace with the Chouans. +_May_ 1. Decrees severe against emigrants. + Preliminary articles signed between France and + Holland. + Seventy persons massacred in a tumult at Lyons. + On the motion of Dubois Crancé, decreed, that three + milliards of assignats be issued. + S. The Spaniards defeated near Figueras. + Motion to permit a loss of two per cent. a month on + assignats. + Vernier, successor to Cambon, states the expence of + the last campaign at 3,000,000,000 in assignats; + and the last month at 738 millions. + 15. An alliance offensive and defensive concluded at + the Hague between France and Holland; the first + article excludes the Stadtholder for ever; the + second assures to France one million of livres for + the expence of the war. + A vigorous action near Mayence. + Great agitation at Naples; several disturbers of + the peace imprisoned. + A deputy complains earnestly against the facility + with which divorces are obtained. + The Sardinians defeated near Mount St. Bernard. + Decreed, that Le Bon be brought to trial charged + with cruelties equal to Carrier's. + Twenty members of the revolutionary tribunal + guillotined. + 20. An alarming insurrection of the people of Paris + against the convention; Ferrand, a deputy, is + massacred at the feet of the president; the + assassin of Ferrand is condemned + 22. to death, but is rescued by the people; the + 23. suburb St. Antoine marches against the convention, + which is in extreme danger and + 24. alarm; divisions take place among the insurgents, + and they lose their force at once. After having + had the advantage some time, the terrorists are + overcome by the moderates. + The convention resumes its deliberations, disarms + the fauxbourgs, decrees the arrest of a great + number of its own members, and orders the immediate + execution of fifty of the chiefs of the + insurrection. + Decreed, that Barrere's transportation be + suspended, and that he be tried again, his sentence + being too mild. + The terrorists rise at Toulon, as at Paris, and are + subdued with much difficulty and bloodshed. + 25. The Chouans, seeing themselves betrayed and + deceived by a phantom of a treaty which had been + held out to them as secure and permanent, again + take up arms. + 28. Rhull blows his brains out. + A petition is presented to the convention demanding + a separation of the supreme powers, as the only + means of guarding against tyranny. + The Spaniards are again defeated by Kellerman. + A camp of 3000 men, chiefly cavalry, formed at the + Tuilleries. + A proclamation of the convention to French seamen + concludes thus, "War, eternal war, against the + "English." + Lanjuinais obtains a decree for freedom of + religious worship. + 31. Decreed, that the revolutionary tribunals, created + May 13, 1793, be suppressed. + Ordered, that the tribunals prosecute the authors + and accomplices of the massacres of Sept. 2, 1792. + The convention, afraid that Barrere's trial should + take up too much time, decrees that he be + transported to Africa. + Among the papers of the jacobins is found an order + of the old committee of public safety to pay + 100,000 livres for printing the correspondence of + that society. + A journalist in Paris ventures to write thus: + "Legislators, do not exhaust your strength and + "genius in discovering that which has been done + "before your time; give us the best government you + "can; consider that the people of France were the + "happiest and the longest so of any people; give us + "the laws we have been used to." +_June_ 1. The commune of Valenciennes deliberates in a full + assembly whether it should continue to acknowledge + the convention; or whether it should not arrest the + representative Lamar. + 5. Dutch ambassadors are received in the convention, + and the treaty of alliance between the republics + ratified. + 6. The Vendéans declare that the treaty with them is + shamefully evaded; and they again take up arms. + Their brave leader Charette publishes a manifesto. + Decreed, that the property of those condemned or + executed since the establishment of the + revolutionary tribunals shall be restored to their + families; except those of Louis Capet, and his + wife, of Philip Egalité, and Madame du Barré (sic). + Decree to apply the palace of Versailles to + national uses. + Assignats burned to this month amount to + 2,623,680,000 livres. + 7. The fortress of Luxemburg, almost impregnable, + surrenders to the French from want of provisions. + 8. Louis Charles, the descendant of 60 Kings, the son + of Louis XVI. whom the royalists acknowledged as + King since the 21st of Jan. 1793, under the name of + Louis XVII. in the eleventh year of his age, + finished his unhappy life and vain reign in the + prison of the Temple, where he had been confined + near three years without communication with any + friend. History alone will hereafter instruct the + world whether or not he died a natural death, as + the convention took great pains to have it + believed. + 11. Decree in favour of those whom the tyranny of + Robespierre caused to fly from the kingdom. + A motion is well received to declare the produce of + the next harvest public property. + General Santerre, long detained in prison, and + released at the death of Robespierre is again + denounced. + Proposed "' to change the odious name of + "revolutionary committee, and to suppress the + "infamous red bonnet, as being only the symbol of + "blood." + 14. The republicans receive a severe check at + Grand-Champ from the royalists. + The law repealed which forbad the wives and + daughters of emigrants to marry foreigners. + The republicans charge the royalists with violating + the late treaty. The latter retort the charge. + The republicans claim the victory of the 14th ult. + The nephew of General Dubois writes a letter full + of invective and gall against the convention. + All sorts of pastry forbidden, on account of the + scarcity of corn. + The decree which declares all assignats, bearing + the King's bust, to be of no value in future, takes + away from private property one milliard, 665 + millions, and 157 thousand livres. + The expence for public instruction amounts to + 300,400,000 livres. + 20. Romme, Goujon, Duquesnoy, Soubrany, Duroy, and + Bourbotte, members of the convention, and active + leaders in the late riots, are executed. + 23. Boissy d'Anglas reads a new constitution, which the + convention proposes to read article by article. + Insurrection at Arras for bread. + The convention orders a school of 200 apprentices + to watch-making. + 26. Bellisle is summoned by the English, and returns a + resolute answer of defiance. + A complete victory obtained over the Spaniards. + 2. The emigrants in England are put under the orders + of Puissaye, and disembark at Quiberon. + The deputies Peyssard and Forrestier condemned to + prison. Prieur de la Marne and Albitte escape + judgment by flight. + The value of a louis-d'or is up to 1000 livres. + All citizens from 16 to 60 commanded to serve in + the national guard; and in their oath to swear + these words, "Hatred against Kings". + Decreed, that murders, which were to be punished + with 20 years imprisonment, shall in future be + punished with death. + A member proposes that the convention should look + back and punish all judiciary assassinations, + abuses of authority, massacres, and arbitrary acts + committed since the 1st of Sept. 1792. The + convention passes to the order of the day, saying, + that such retrospect would involve half of France. + All the members of the revolutionary committee of + Brest are delivered over to the tribunals. + The Vendeans have further successes. + Fresh massacres are committed at Maçon. + A section of Paris demands of the convention that + it should efface the inscriptions on the gates of + churches, by which the nation, at the instance of + Robespierre, granted a certificate of existence to + the Supreme Being, and insured immortality to the + soul. + The churches in Paris are opened, and service + performed with great ceremony. + 22. Lord Bridport engages the French fleet, and takes + three sail of the line. + 30. The convention decrees that the daughter of the + late King shall be given up to the Emperor, in + exchange for the commissioners whom Dumourier had + put into the hands of the Austrians. +_July_ 1. The powers of the administrative bodies at Lyons + are suspended, and the mayor ordered to the bar of + the convention. + The "Reveil du Peuple"(awakening of the people), a + new song against the terrorists, is in great vogue. + Lanjuinais proposes to suppress the publication of + the votes of the convention, which costs the nation + 2,300,000 livres annually. + Report of Genissieu in favour of transported + priests. + Tallien and Blad, members of the convention, + ordered to repair instantly as representatives to + the department of La Vendée. + 2. Le Bon, pale and trembling, enters the convention, + and begins his defence: "His crimes (he observes) + "are those of the convention itself, under whose + "orders he acted." + 3. Horrid massacres in the Southern provinces. + Various skirmishes between the French and Austrians + reported. + Bread 16 livres a pound in Paris. + Bloody action at Chatillon between the Chouans and + republicans. + The convention decrees that France is a republic, + one and indivisible. + 6. Le Bon continues his defence. + Bresson asserts that it is impossible to make + France a democratic republic; he votes for a + senate, an executive power, and censors. + A member complains that the rights of man only, and + not the duties of man, are subjects of + consideration. + 14. Anniversary of the French revolution celebrated. + Project of a national tontine. + A loan of a milliard at three per cent. + Lanthenas reads a motion from Thomas Paine, he not + being able to speak French. + Mons. d'Hervilly is wounded near Aurai (sic). + Warm action between the republicans and Chouans + near L'Orient. + Le Bon proceeds with his defence. + Disorders at St. Malo; and at Lyons. + 15. The royalists attack the camp of St. Barb; forced + to retreat. + 16. The Spaniards again defeated. + 17. Le Bon decreed to be in a state of accusation. + Report of a complete overthrow of a Spanish army. + Tumults at the theatres. + France contains 28,000 square leagues of 2280 + toises. Each league contains 3,850 acres (arpents) + which make 105,400,000 acres. Valuing the acres + one with another at 150 livres each, the total + value of the lands would be 15,810,000,000. The + debts of the republic at this time are + 17.500,000,000, and these are secured by the lands; + there is a deficit therefore of 1,690,000,000. + 20. The regiment of Hervilly murders its officers, and + 8oo of them desert, giving the word of order to the + republican general. + The emigrants at Quiberon, being betrayed to + General Hoche, a general attack is made on them, + and almost all are cut to pieces. The brave Count + Sombreuil, after distinguished proofs of generous + gallantry, is taken prisoner. + The prisoners are ordered to Vannes, with General + Sombreuil, the bishop of Dol, and other + considerable persons. + Tallien, in his reports to the convention, states + the loss of the royalists at 10,000 men and that of + the republicans as trifling; his whole report + appears extravagant. + Another victory over the Spaniards is gained by the + republicans. + Peace is concluded with Spain. + Fresh, but unsuccessful, attempts are made to + induce the convention to give up the republican + calendar. + 23. Ordered, that the committee of legislation make a + report upon all the laws relative to divorce. + 28. Read in the convention the treaty concluded at + Basle between France and Spain. + The convention decrees two festivals, one in honour + of the fall of Robespierre, the other of the 10th + of August. + 30. Mons. Querini, ambassador from Venice, arrives at + Paris. + Report of another victory obtained over the + Spaniards the 17th of this month. + A plot discovered at Rome to open the prisons, to + put to death the principal persons of the + government, and burn the houses of the cardinals. + A proclamation from Louis XVIII. to all his + subjects, dated Verona. + The chiefs of the royalist army solicit succours + from the British government. +_Aug_. 1. Motion by La Riviere "to pursue with national + "justice all execrable terrorists". + Comartin, Jarry, Boisgontier, and eight chiefs of + the Chouans, contrary to the faith of the treaty, + are seized and brought up to Paris. + 2. The convention ratifies the peace with Spain. + The laws of divorce suspended. + All the departments make great complaints to the + convention of a scarcity. + 3. The eight chiefs of the Chouans, Comartin, Jarry, + Gazel, la Nourraye, Salignac, Dufour, Boisgontier, + and de la Haye, delivered to the military tribunal. + Disorders at St. Omer's. + The workmen at the wharfs (sic) at Paris refuse to + work without two hundred livres a day wages. + 4. Boudin moves to put an end to the revolution. + 6. The colonies decreed a part of the French empire. + 8. Journalists denounced; several deputies arrested, + among whom is Lequinis. + More deputies denounced; Dupin, Piori, Po, Massieu, + Chaudron, Rousseau, Fourche, and la Planche, + decreed in a state of accusation. + The Count Sombreuil, the Bishop of Dol, and 600 + emigrants, condemned by the tribunal of Vannes to + be shot. + 13. In the prisons of Paris 4413 persons are confined. + Nantes in great distress. + The convention discusses the subject of a + constitution. + A deputation from Belgium demands to be united with + the French republic. + 16. Treaty of friendship between the French nation and + the regency of Tunis. + The convention decrees a new constitution. + The King of Spain ratifies the treaty of peace with + France. + The convention annuls all revolutionary sentences + passed since March 13th, 1793, except those of the + tribunals of Paris. + The emigrants not comprized in the exceptions are + for ever proscribed. + 21. The convention decrees that two-thirds of the + succeeding legislature shall be chosen out of the + present convention. + Violent declamation of Tallien against emigrants + and royalists. + All clubs or popular societies are by the decree of + the convention abolished. + The Count d'Artois lands in England on his way to, + and with the design of forming a junction with, + Charette. + A new mode of preserving corn discovered by a + physician of Montpelier. + 22. Tumults in the theatres of Paris. + The convention brings large bodies of troops into + Paris. + Boissy d'Anglas, presenting a picture of France + triumphant on all sides, and forcing Kings to court + its friendship and alliance, beseeches the + convention to distinguish the last moments of its + existence by acts of beneficence, healing all + wounds, drying up tears, and repairing by the force + of justice those evils which tyrants had brought + upon the world. + 24. Lyons is denounced as attached to royalty. + 25. The constitution is declared to be perfected. + The word _Sans-Culotides_ is excluded from the + calendar. + 28. The section of Mail complains that the capital is + filled with troops. + Treaty of peace between the Landgrave of + Hesse-Cassel and France. + Several sections complain of the number of troops + in Paris, and of the election of two-thirds of the + present convention into the next legislature. + General Montesquieu, and the ex-constituent + Talleyrand Perigord, recalled by a decree into + France. + 30. Much discontent in Paris; the sections make + considerable movements; every thing seems to + forebode an explosion. + 31. The constitution is laid before the people for + their acceptance, and approved of in general; but + the election of two-thirds disliked +_Sept_. 1. Decreed, that the property of transported priests, + which had been confiscated by former laws, shall be + restored to their families. + Decreed, that no minister may officiate in public + or private without having submitted to the laws of + the republic. + Decreed, that Louise Marie Adelaide de Bourbon + Penthievre, wife of Philip Egalité, be restored to + liberty. + 6. Dusseldorff taken by the French; the army of the + Sambre and the Meuse passes the Rhine under General + Jourdan. + The section of the French theatre denounces the + members of the deputation of Paris to the + convention, as authors of the crimes of the 2d of + Sept. 1792, and 31st May 1794. + Decreed, that the relations of emigrants be + excluded from every employment administrative or + judiciary. + Of six thousand three hundred and thirty-seven + primary assemblies, containing 958,226 persons, + 914,800 voted for accepting the constitution, + 41,892 rejected it, (so the convention reports); + consequently it was decreed that the new + constitution is become a fundamental law of the + state. + As to the re-election of the two-thirds--of 270,338 + voters, 167,757 voted for the re-election and + 95,373 against it. + The convention declares the enlargement from prison + of all terrorists who had been imprisoned since the + death of Robespierre. + The committee of marine writes thus to the + convention: "We are going to prepare arms in our + "arsenals and forges against the most perfidious of + "our enemies, against the haughty England, which + "must fall under the efforts of a nation which has + "subdued the rest of Europe." + 20. The army of Pichegru having passed the Rhine near + Manheim, this city surrenders itself to the French + by capitulation, of which one of the articles is, + that the Palatinate shall be considered a neutral + country. + The convention addresses the Parisians, to inform + them that if any attack be made upon the national + representatives, the convention will remove to + Chalons-sur-Maire (sic). The convention, which + never had so much apprehension for its safety, + ordered the republican columns to march to its + defence. + Decreed, that every member of the convention shall + make a declaration of his fortune before, and since + the revolution. + Joubert, representative of the people, writes to + the convention, that the French, since their + passage of the Rhine, have taken 371 pieces of + cannon, 331,000 pounds of powder, and other stores. + Decreed, that Belgium and all the countries which + are, or shall be, conquered from the House of + Austria, shall be incorporated with the French + republic. + The section of Le Pelletier writes severe truths to + the convention. + The salaries settled by the constitution upon the + 750 members of the next legislature, amount to 174 + millions of livres a year. The salary of the five + members of the executive directory amounts to + 20,400,000 livres. + According to the new organization, Belgium and the + county of Liege form nine departments, of which, + the chief towns are Bruges, Ghent, Antwerp, + Brussels, Liege, Maestricht, Mons, Namur, and + Luxemburg. + A funeral ceremony in honour of the victims of + decemviral tyranny. + A famous resolution of 33 sections of Paris is the + cause of a terrible explosion hereafter. + Proclamation of the convention on the danger which + threatens. + An afflicting picture given of the state of the + Southern provinces of France, by a representative + of the people who was an eye witness of it. + The primary and permanent assemblies of Paris + demand of the convention the re-imprisonment of the + terrorists, and enquiry into the conduct of the + committees of government. +_Oct_. 5. An extraordinary fermentation agitates all Paris. + A civil war is ready to break out. The clashing of + arms, the general beating of drums, and the cannon, + are heard on all sides. Several bloody engagements + take place between the sections and + conventionalists. Two thousand dead bodies lie in + the streets. The party of the convention, by the + aid of the troops of the line and of a formidable + artillery, defeats the insurgents. + Execution and proscription of the chiefs and movers + of the insurrection. + Tallien renews his motion to transport all those + who did not like a republican government. + The Count d'Artois, under convoy of Sir John + Warren, takes possession of l'Isle Dieu (sic). + A French squadron of six sail of the line falls in + with a valuable British convoy from the + Mediterranean, and captures the Censeur, a 74 gun + ship, and several merchantmen. + Vernier, the organ of the committee of finances, + proposes to substitute money made of some metal in + the place of 18 milliards of assignats in + circulation. + The inhabitants of Versailles supplicate the + convention to take into consideration the sad state + of their commune. + A horrible picture is laid before the convention of + massacres in the South; the banks of the Rhone and + of the Durance are said to be covered with dead + carcases, upon which the dogs are feeding. + Garnier de Saintes addresses from the tribune the + royalists of France. "Insects," (says he) "return + "to your nothingness; ye shall perish, whilst we + "shall be masters of the world, with which we will + "share our fortune and our liberty." + Tallien prophesies, that before three months a + counter-revolution will be effected; and he + therefore advises his colleagues to make their + political testament. + Thibadeau immediately accuses Tallien of all the + calamities of the revolution. + Clairfait and Wurmser compel the French to repass + the Rhine precipitately, and obtain great + advantages over them. + Baudin, the organ of the committees of government, + proposes to the convention to adopt a plan of a + general amnesty for any act regarding the + revolution, excepting always the banished priests, + the emigrants, the fabricators of forged assignats, + and the assassins of the South. + As to the punishment of death, it is not to be + abolished till peace be established. + 24. Rewbell pretends that the new government cannot + establish itself but by calling in the assignats, + and substituting an augmentation of taxes. + The convention, having proclaimed an amnesty, + declares its sittings at an end; and to make up the + 500 members who are to remain, it constitutes + itself into an electoral body. + Le Bon is condemned to death by the criminal + tribunal of Amiens. + The colonists of St. Domingo, who are at Paris, + nominate their deputies to the new legislature. + 26. From the 12th to the end of this month the + Austrians continue without ceasing to pursue the + French, and to destroy them in great numbers. + +CHAPTER IV. + + THE new legislature, or fourth assembly of the + French, enters upon its office. It is composed of + a legislative body of 500 members; of a council of + ancients 250; of an executive directory of 5 + members; and of 6 ministers, viz. for the interior + department, for the war, for justice, for the + admiralty, for foreign affairs, and for finances. + The five members of the executive directory are, La + Reveillere, le Paux, la Tourneur, Carnot, Rewbell, + and Barras; all ex-deputies of the national + convention. +_Nov_. The legislative body is employed in discussing a + decree passed in the last sitting of the + convention, which imposed a tax of six milliards on + the landed property, and two milliards upon + industry. + The criminal tribunal acquits Gen. Menon, suspected + of having taken part in the, rebellion of the + sections. + The depreciation of assignats is at this time so + great, that a pair of shoes costs 300 livres, a + yard of cloth 3000, a bushel of potatoes 120, a + pound of bread 40, a pound of coffee and of sugar + 175, a pound of candles and of soap 80 livres each; + a louis-d'or is worth 4,600 livres. + The executive directory obtains a grant of three + milliards, to be at its discretion distributed + among the different offices. + The subsistence of Paris not being assured, it is + decreed, that 250 quintals (each 100lbs. weight) be + levied on the departments bordering on Paris. + The Cape of Good-Hope is taken by the English. + The trial of Comartin, one of the chiefs of the + Chouans, occupies at present the military tribunal, + and all Paris. + The republican generals, and many deputies of the + convention are implicated in this affair. + A ship full of emigrants, among whom are the Duke + de Choiseul and the Count de Montmorency, is driven + by a tempest into Calais. They are given up to the + criminal tribunal of that city. + Besides the sum above granted to the executive + directory, twenty-one millions more are allowed to + them. Thirty millions more added for the expences + of the legislative body. + 23. Public and formal audiences are given by the + executive directory to foreign ambassadors. + Insurrection of 15,000 peasants in the Velay. + Manheim is taken by the Austrians; 394 pieces of + cannon are found in it. + Worms and Spires are retaken by the Austrians. + Decreed, that the executive directory may sell the + moveable or personal property of the republic, (le + mobilier) even to the timber in the national + forests. +_Dec_. According to the report upon the finances, the + arrears due amount to 3,500,000,000 livres; the + debt to the national bank is 31,000,000 in specie, + and 7,500,000 in specie to foreigners. + The service of the next month requires + 20,220,000,000 in assignats. + Letter from the directory to the legislative body + declaring, that the state is in the most calamitous + situation; that the springs of government are + almost broken, that the public treasure is + exhausted, and that they are threatened with evils, + which may overwhelm the republic. + Decreed, that a forced loan shall be levied of + 600,000,000 in specie upon a million of citizens. + It is computed that by means of three hundred + millions in specie, thirty milliards of assignats + will be taken out of circulation. In this forced + loan assignats are to be taken at one per cent. + A motion is made to sell Compiegne, Fontainbleau, + Chantilly, Ramboullet, Meudon, St. Germaine, St. + Cloud, Choisy, Vincennes, and the wood of Boulogne. + The legislative body decrees 1500 millions for the + service of the armies. + Boissy d'Anglas proposes to restrain the liberty of + the press. + The city of Deux-Ponts taken by the French under + General St. Eyr (sic). + The supplying Paris alone with provisions costing + 350 millions every ten days, the directory + acquaints the legislative body that the funds + granted for that purpose are exhausted. + Decreed, that the directory shall nominate all the + judges not elected by the primary assemblies. + All the ministers agree in declaring that every + thing is lost, if haste be not made in procuring + funds. + Merlin of Douai, minister of justice, writes to all + the criminal tribunals, to perform their duty with + energy towards the emigrants, against whom the + republic had sworn eternal war till death. + New successes of the republicans in Italy. + The Austrians continue to obtain advantages over + Pichegru and Jourdan. + Gronville, envoy from the republic to Copenhagen, + is threatened with recall if his Danish Majesty + does not acknowledge the French republic. + Cambon, to exculpate himself from charges of + misconduct, publishes an account, setting forth, + that during forty-four months of his administration + there were issued only 11,578,056,623 livres in + assignats, and in the ten months and a half after + him there were issued 17,852,226,000 livres in + assignats. + + + +Judgment and Execution of + +LOUIS XVI. KING OF FRANCE; + +WITH A LIST OF THE + +_Members the National Convention_, + +Who voted for and against his Death. + +AND + +THE NAMES OF MANY OF THE MOST CONSIDERABLE SUFFERERS +IN THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, +DISTINGUISHED ACCORDING TO THEIR PRINCIPLES. + +THE THIRD EDITION. + +BY H. GOUDEMETZ, +_A French Clergyman, Emigrant in England_. + + +TO THE TRULY HUMANE AND BENEVOLENT, WHOSE LIBERALITY THE AFFLICTED +STRANGER HAS SO LARGELY EXPERIENCED, THIS LITTLE PUBLICATION, +HONOURED WITH THEIR PATRONAGE AND PROMOTED BY THEIR MUNIFICENCE, +is, IN TESTIMONY OF THE GRATITUDE WITH WHICH HIS HEART OVERFLOWS, +MOST THANKFULLY AND RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED, + +BY THEIR EVERLASTINGLY OBLIGED AND DEVOTED HUMBLE SERVANT, + +H. GOUDEMETZ, + +****** + +JUDGMENT + +AGAINST + +LOUIS XVI. + + +IN the National, Convention of France, [Footnote: N.B. In this +Convention, 76 were ex-nobles; between 50 and 60 ex-priests; the rest +consisted of lawyers, merchants, husbandmen, and a great number of +artisans, men who had no property, but what they acquired by spoil +from the rich.] on the 17th, 18th, and 19th days of January, 1793, +the three following questions were successively put to the vote. + +QUESTION THE FIRST. + +Is LOUIS guilty or not? + +Of the 745 members of the Convention, 20 were absent, 5 sick, 27 gave +modified opinions, 693 voted in the affirmative. + +President "I declare in the name of the National Convention LOUIS +"CAPET to be found guilty of a conspiracy against the liberty of the +"nation, and of an attempt to disturb the public security." + +QUESTION THE SECOND. + +_Shall the sentence to be passed upon LOUIS be referred to the +sanction of the people?_ + +The result of the _appel nominal_ on this question was; 3 sick; 20 +absent; 10 refused to vote; 283 voted for, and 424 against it. + +President "I declare in the name of the National Convention, that its +"sentence shall not be submitted to an appeal to the people." + +QUESTION THE THIRD + +_What punishment shall be inflicted upon LOUIS?_ + +The _appel nominal_ for the definitive sentence, by DEPARTMENTS. + +****** + +[Editor's note: The decisions of the members of the convention are +given Department by Department and the list is followed by an +alphabetical list of the members with the page number on which each +appears. For this reason it has been decided that the page numbers +of the original publication should be shown from this point.] + +****** + +N.B. The first column expresses the name and quality of the voters; +the second, the manner in which they gave their votes; in the third, +those who voted for death absolutely are distinguished by the mark +; +those for death with restrictions as to the time, by the letter D; +those for detention, banishment, &c. by the letter O; absentees (a); +not voted, by (nv); sick by (m); the fourth column shows the fate +or punishment of many of the members; A signifying _assassinated_; +G _guillotined_; I _imprisoned_; M _massacred_; P _proscribed_ and S +_suicides_. + +****** + +Page 151 + +1. HAUTE GARONNE (TOULOUSE) + +Mailhe Death...............................................+ +Delmas Death...............................................+ +Projean Death...............................................+ +Perès "We are a Political body, and not a court of + "justice; we cannot make ourselves, judges without + "becoming despots. I vote for confinement + "(_reclusion_) and afterwards banishment."..........O +Julien Death...............................................+ G +Calès Death...............................................+ +De Sacy Death, with respite (avec sursis)...................D +Mazade "I do not think I have power to judge; I am for + "confinement."......................................O +Rouzet Detention...........................................O I +Drulhe Detention...........................................O + +2. GERS (AUSCH) + +La Plaigne Death...............................................+ I +Montaut Death...............................................+ I + +Page 152 + +Descamps Death...............................................+ I +Dubarran Death...............................................+ I +La Guire Death...............................................+ +Cappin Detention...........................................O +Jehon Death...............................................+ +Bousquet Death, with discussion as to the time...............D +Moysset Detention...........................................O I + +3. GIRONDE (BOURDEAUX) + +Vergniault Death...............................................+ G +Gensonnè Death...............................................+ G +Guadet Death, with respite.................................D PG +Jay Death...............................................+ +Ducos Death...............................................+ G +Gazeau Death...............................................+ +De Leyre Death...............................................+ I +Fonfrede Death...............................................+ G +Grangeneuve "Although many Of my colleagues have manifested + "sentiments ill agreeing with the impartiality of a + "court of judicature; and have employed all + "possible means of influence, in order to extort + "from the national convention a sentence of death; + "I vote for confinement only." .....................O G + +Page 153 + +Du Plantier Death, with respite.................................D +La Caze Confinement and banishment..........................O G +Bergoin Confinement.........................................O + +4. L'HERAULT (MONTPELLIER) + +Cambon Death...............................................+ I +Bonnet Death...............................................+ S +Rouyer Death...............................................+ I +Viennet "An accumulation of power being monstrous, I + "declare myself incompetent to give any other + "sentence than for confinement."....................O +Fabre Death...............................................+ +Curèe Confinement or deportation..........................O +Cambacerès Death, in case of invasion only.....................O +Brunel Confinement.........................................O +Castillon Confinement and banishment..........................O P + +Page 154 + +5. ISLE ET VILAINE (RENNES) + +Pastoret Dead during the appeal. +Duval Death...............................................+ +Sevestre Death...............................................+ +Chaumont Death...............................................+ +Lanjuinais "We have no right to put to death a vanquished + "enemy. I vote for confinement or banishment.".....O P +Beaugeard Death...............................................+ +Dubignon Confinement.........................................O +Mauxel Confinement until we have peace.....................O +Fermont "As a man, I do not think I have a right to take + "away the life of another. As a legislator, I + "never will vote for death."........................O I +Le Breton "If two-thirds of the votes were required, I might + vote for death."....................................O I +Obelin Confinement and banishment..........................O I + +Page 155 + +6. INDRE (CHATEAUROUX) + +Thibaut Death...............................................+ +Le Jeune Death...............................................+ +Pepin I am deputed only to make laws......................O +Porcher Confinement and banishment..........................O +Derazey Confinement.........................................O I +Boudin Confinement or deportation..........................O +Mainville Confinement.........................................O G + +7. INDRE ET LOIRE (TOURS) + +Gardien "I fear neither factions nor robbers, their + "menaces shall never prevail on me; I think + "myself free, because I have no fear. Detention."..O G +Nioche Death...............................................+ +J. Dupont Death...............................................+ +Ruelle Death...............................................+ +Pottier Death...............................................+ + +Page 156 + +Isabeau Death...............................................+ +Bodin "A sacrifice of human blood can never be the, + "foundation of liberty. Consequently I vote for + "banishment.".......................................O +Champigny Confinement or deportation..........................+ +Vigèe Confinement or banishment...........................O G + +8. ISERE (GRENOBLE) + +Baudran Death...............................................+ +Rèal "I have no doubt but that if the people were + "consulted, they would choose the mildest + "punishment. I therefore must in consequence + "give my vote for detention.".......................O +Genevois Death...............................................+ +Charrel Death...............................................+ +Amar Death...............................................+ I +Genissieu Death...............................................+ +Servonat "Let my vote expose me or not to abuse or menaces, + "I pronounce boldly for confinement or + "banishment.".......................................O + +Page 157 + +Prunelle de +Lierre "The National Convention ought to consult only + "justice. I therefore give my opinion for + "banishment.".......................................O +Vaublanc Detention.......................................... O +Boissieu "Not having the commission of a judge, I do not + "consider myself as qualified to apply penal + "laws.".............................................O + +9. JURA (ST. CLAUDE) + +Grenot Death...............................................+ I +Prost Death...............................................+ +Laurenceot "Notwithstanding the menaces which have been + "thrown out, I vote for detention.".................O I +Amyon Death...............................................+ I +Ferroux Death...............................................+ I +Bonguyode "Is it not time, that the blood of Frenchmen + should cease to flow? I vote for perpetual + "imprisonment.".....................................O +Vernier Confinement.........................................O P + +Page 158 + +Babey Confinement or banishment...........................O I +Le Montey Confinement.........................................O + +10. LES LANDES (DOL) + +D'Artigoyte Death...............................................+ P +Dirès Death...............................................+ +Ducos l'ainé Death...............................................+ G +Gadroy "I will not, like others, invoke the penal code, + "since we have lost sight of those wholesome forms + "that were instituted for all citizens. Besides, + "I do not think, that we have a right to inflict + "the punishment of death; nor does the interest of + "my country require it."............................O +Saurine "My constituents have not deputed me to be a + "criminal judge."...................................O +Le Franc Confinement or banishment...........................O + +Page 159 + +11. LOIRE ET CHER (BLOIS) + +Brisson Death...............................................+ +Foussedoire Death...............................................+ I +Chabot Death...............................................+ G +(ex capuchin) +Fressine Death...............................................+ +Le Clerc "The punishment of death being an outrage against + "humanity, and my powers not being unlimited, I can + "vote only for detention."..........................O +Vanaille Death...............................................+ +Gregoire Absent by commission................................a + +12. HAUTE LOIRE (PUY) + +Raynault Death...............................................+ +Delcher Death...............................................+ +Flageas Death...............................................+ +Faure Death...............................................+ I +Bonnet +_fils_ Death...............................................+ +Barthelemy Death, with discussion as to the time...............+ D +Camus Absent by commission................................a I + +Page 160 + +13. LOIRE INFERIEURE (NANTES) + +Chaillon "I have not been deputed to exercise the functions + "of a juré. I hold my commission from good men, + "who are enemies of tyranny and of every + "accumulation of power."............................O +Le Fevre Confinement or banishment...........................O I +Meaulle Death...............................................+ P +Millinet Confinement or banishment...........................O +Villiers Death...............................................+ +Jarry Confinement.........................................O I +Fouchè Death...............................................+ +Coustard Banishment..........................................O G + +14. LOIRET (ORLEANS) + +Delaguelle Death...............................................+ +Lombard-la Death...............................................+ +-chaux + +Page 161 + +J. B. Louvet Death...............................................+ P +Leonard Death...............................................+ I +-Bourbon +La Boissiere Death with respite..................................D G +Garan-Coulon "I maintain that liberty cannot subsist with this + "usurpation of power. Tyranny is always there, + "where some men are above the laws, and others + "below them.".......................................O +Le Page "Nature has impressed upon my heart an invincible + "aversion to the shedding of blood. My opinion is, + "that one man has not a right to condemn another + "man to death.".....................................O +Guerin "I cannot prevail upon myself to put to death a + "vanquished enemy.".................................O P +Gentil Confinement.........................................O +Pellè Confinement.........................................O + +15. LOT (CAHORS) + +Cledel Death...............................................+ +St. Andrè, Death...............................................+ I +_noble_ + +Page 162 + +Mont Mayan Death...............................................+ +Delbret Death, with respite.................................D +Cavaignan Death...............................................+ +Alboys "The fear of poignards has no influence upon + "my heart. No man can be punished but by virtue + "of some law antecedent to the offence."............O +Ansy Confinement.........................................O E +Boygnes Confinement.........................................O +Salleles Confinement.........................................O +Cayla Absent through sickness.............................m + +16. LOT ET GARONNE (AGEN) + +Vidalot Death...............................................+ +Paganel Death...............................................+ +Boussion Death...............................................+ +Fournel Death...............................................+ +Claverie "I cannot pronounce upon the fate of Louis but + "according to the constitution. Now the + "constitution speaks only of the forfeiture of + "the crown."........................................O + +Page 163 + +Gayet-la +-Prade "Not to oppose the constitution to the penal code, + "I choose rather to vote for confinement."..........O +Noguer "Having examined my conscience as a public man, I + "give my opinion for detention."....................O +Laurent Confinement.........................................O +Laroche Confinement or banishment...........................O +Dorisy Confinement.........................................O + +17. LA LOZERE (MENDE) + +Random Death...............................................+ I +Servierre Death...............................................+ +Monestier Death...............................................+ +Barrot "As the death of Louis does not appear to me to + "be necessary, or even useful to the republic, + "I vote for detention.".............................O +Aubert Confinement.........................................O +Pellet Absent by commission................................a + +Page 164 + +18. MAINE ET LOIRE (ANGERS) + +Choudieu Death...............................................+ I +De l'Aulnay Death...............................................+ G + l'ainè +Le Paux Death...............................................+ P +Le Clerc Death...............................................+ +Pèrard Death...............................................+ +De. +Houilliere "I am not a judge; I am merely a legislator. + "Consequently I can vote only for detention.".......O +D'Andenac Confinement.........................................O + l'ainè +D'Andenac Confinement or deportation..........................O + le jeune +Pilastre Banishment..........................................O +De l'Aulnay Confinement.........................................O + le jeune +Le Maignan Confinement.........................................O + +Page 165 + +19. LA MANCHE (COUTANCES) + +Le Moine Death...............................................+ +Ribet Death, with respite.................................D +Le Tourneur Death...............................................+ +Le Carpentier Death..............................................+ +Bonnesoeur Death...............................................+ +Laurence Death...............................................+ +Havin Death...............................................+ +Hubert Death...............................................+ +Gervais +-sauvè "If the people had been willing to accumulate + "upon my head the various functions of accuser, + "juryman, and legislator, the burthen would have + "been above my strength. I vote for confinement."..O +Pinel I vote freely for detention.........................O +Poisson Banishment..........................................O +Engerrand Confinement.........................................O +Bretel Confinement.........................................O + +Page 166 + +20. LA MARNE (RHEIMS) + +Prieur Death...............................................+ I +Thuriot Death...............................................+ I +Ch. Charlier Death...............................................+ +De la Croix Death...............................................+ G + de Constant +De Villers Death...............................................+ +Armonville Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Drouet, Death...............................................+ I +_maitre_ +_de postes_ +Vatelier Death...............................................+ +Poulain Confinement.........................................O +Blanc Banishment..........................................O I + +21. LA HAUTE MARNE (LANGRES) + +Guillardin Death...............................................+ +Monnel Death...............................................+ + +Page 167 + +Roux Death...............................................+ +Valdruche Death...............................................+ +Rousseau Death, with discussion as to the time...............D +La Loi Death...............................................+ +Wandelin + -court "I except against myself (_je me suis recusè_) + "as judge; therefore I can vote only for + "confinement, as a measure of general safety."......O + +22. MAYENNE (LAVAL) + +Bissy, Death...............................................+ + le jeune +Esnè Death...............................................+ I +Du Rocher Death...............................................+ +Enjubaut Death...............................................+ I +Serveau Death...............................................+ +Villars "As the stability of a republic does not depend + "upon the life, or death of a single individual, + "and killing a tyrant is the last resource of + "tyranny, I vote for confinement."..................O + +Page 168 + +Le Jeune "The law of death not being applicable to the + "case before us, I abstain from pronouncing + "judgment of death."................................O +Plaichard +-chottiere Perpetual confinement...............................O + +23. LE MEURTHE (NANCY) + +Malarme Death...............................................+ +Levasseur Death...............................................+ +Bonneval Death...............................................+ +Salle "My opponents have said, Do not appeal to the + "people, because the people would not vote for + "death; but for my part I wish not to vote, but + "as the people would do."...........................O PG +Molveau "Convinced that the day, on which the head of + "Louis should fall, would probably be that of + "the establishment of a new tyranny; and + "apprehensive that his death would be for France, + "what that of Charles 1. was for England, I give + "my opinion for confinement or banishment.".........O + +Page 169 + +Lalande Confinement and banishment..........................O +Zangiacomi Confinement and banishment..........................O +Michel Confinement and banishment..........................O + +24. LA MEUSE (VERDUN) + +Pons Death...............................................+ +Moreau "The safety of the state does not appear to me to + "require the death of Louis; I am for banishment."..O +Roussel "Far from being dangerous, I think it sound + "policy to let Louis live.".........................O +Baroche "The judiciary power being no part of my + "commission, I vote for confinement."...............O + +Page 170 + +Harmand "I cannot bring the punishment from the penal, + "code, since you have discarded all the forms + "of it. I am therefore for banishment."............O +Marquis "I am for provisional confinement.".................O +Tocquot Confinement and banishment..........................O +Humbert Confinement and banishment......................... O + +25. MORBIHAN (VANNES) + +Lequinio Death...............................................+ +Audrein Death...............................................+ +Le Hardy "Farewell to the liberty of my country, if we are + "to be every thing at once. No! we are not judges. + "The death of Kings has never been salutary to + "liberty. If the convention were to judge, I + "should wish to see at least sixty of its members + "excluded. I am for confinement."...................O G + +Page 171 + +Corbel "A measure of safety is preferable to a rigorous + "application of the law. I therefore vote for + "provisional confinement."..........................O +Gillet "Inaccessible to fear, I assert that capital + "punishment is useless and dangerous. + "Perpetual confinement."............................O M +Le Mailland Confinement and banishment..........................O +Michel Confinement and banishment..........................O +Rouault Confinement.........................................O I + +26. LA MOSELLE (METZ) + +Anthoine Death...............................................+ +Bar Death...............................................+ +Nentz Death...............................................+ I +Thirion Death...............................................+ I +Becker "Neither the menaces with which this tribune has + "resounded, nor those puerile fears, with which + "people have sought to fill us, shall make me + "act contrary to my Sentiments, which is for + "confinement and banishment.".......................O + +Page 172 + +Merlin Confinement.........................................O +Couturier Absent on commission................................a +Blaux Confinement.........................................O I + +27. LA NIEVRE (NEVERS) + +Saustrault Death...............................................+ +Damrobe Death...............................................+ +Le Fiot Death...............................................+ +Guilrault Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Legendre Death...............................................+ +La Planche Death...............................................+ +Jourdan "The punishment of death is contrary to my + "principles. I cannot put a fellow-creature to + "death."....................................... ....O G + +Page 173 + +28. NORD (DOUAY) + +Merlin Death...............................................+ +Duhem Death...............................................+ I +Cochet Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Fockedey Confinement.........................................O +Senault Death...............................................+ P +Carpentier Death...............................................+ P +Pryese Death...............................................+ +Sallengros Death...............................................+ +Poultier Death, with discussion as to time...................D G +Aoust Death...............................................+ G +Gossuin Absent upon commission..............................a + +29. OISE (BEAUVAIS) + +Couppè Death...............................................+ I +Calon Death...............................................+ + +Page 174 + +Isorè Death...............................................+ +Ch. Villette Confinement and banishment..........................O M +Delamare Confinement or banishment...........................O I +Massieu, +_evêque +intrus_ Death...............................................+ P +Cloots. +_Baron_ +_Prussien_ Death...............................................+ G +Portier Death, with respite.................................D +Bèzare Death...............................................+ +Bourdon Death...............................................+ P +Godefroy Absent upon commission..............................a + +30. L'ORNE (ALENÇON) + +Valazè Death...............................................+ G +La +Hosdiniere Death...............................................+ +Desrouais Death...............................................+ +Dubois Death...............................................+ +Beauprè Death, with respite.................................D +Colombel Death...............................................+ +Thomas "If the enemy invade our territories, I vote for + "death; otherwise for detention."...................O +Duguè +d'assey "Having never been able to satisfy that I could + "be both legislator and judge at once, I vote for + "detention."........................................O I + +Page 175 + +Fourney "The constitution has not inflicted the + "punishment of death upon Kings who may be guilty + "of conspiracy. I am therefore for confinement + "and banishment."...................................O + +31. DEPARTMENT DE PARIS + +Robespierre "The tyrant has deserved death. I vote for + l'ainè "death."............................................+ G +Avocat d'Arras +Danton, +_avt_. "I vote for death"..................................+ G +Collot +d'Herbois, +_comedian_ Death...............................................+ B +Billaud Va +-rennes Death...............................................+ B +Cam. +Dèsmoulins Death...............................................+ G +_journaliste_ +Marat, Death...............................................+ A +_journaliste_ +La +Vicomterie Death...............................................+ I +Legendre, +_butcher_ Death...............................................+ + +Page 176 + +Raffron Death...............................................+ +Panis Death...............................................+ I +Serjeant Death...............................................+ P +Robert Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Freron Death...............................................+ +Beauvais Death, with discussion as to time...................D G +Fabre +d'Eglantine, Death...............................................+ G +_journaliste_ +Osselin Death...............................................+ G +Robespierre + le jeune Death...............................................+ G +David, +_artiste_ Death...............................................+ I +Boucher Death...............................................+ +Laignelot Death, with discussion as to time...................D I +Thomas Confinement.........................................O +Manuel "Laws of blood ought not to be among the + "principles of a republic. The right of death + "belongs only to nature. Louis is laid low + "upon the ground; it is too easy to kill him, + "for me to give the blow."..........................O G +Dussault "A man may be, in my opinion an excellent patriot, + "without putting to death his fallen enemy. I vote + "for confinement and banishment."...................O P + +Page 177 + +D'Orleans, + called + Egalitè "My conscience tells me that Louis deserves death." + G + +32. PAS DE CALAIS (ARRAS) + +Garnet Death...............................................+ +Duquesnoy Death...............................................+ S +Le Bas Death...............................................+ S +Guffroy Death...............................................+ +Bollet Death...............................................+ +Varlet "I vote for detention, because the nation ought + "not to be influenced by sentiments of revenge."....O +Enlard "My conscience points it out as my duty to have + "nothing to do with the penal code. I am for + "confinement and banishment.".......................O + +Page 178 + +Dannon "The experience of those nations, who have put + "their King to death, proves the contrary of + "what you hope for. I am for confinement and + "transportation."...................................O +Personne Confinement and banishment..........................O +Tho. Payne Confinement and banishment..........................O I +Magniez Confinement and banishment..........................O + +33. PUY DE DOME (CLERMONT) + +Couthon Death...............................................+ G +Gibergues Death...............................................+ I +Maignet Death...............................................+ +Romme Death...............................................+ S +Soubrany Death...............................................+ G +Rudelle Death...............................................+ +Monestier Death...............................................+ +La Loue Death...............................................+ +Blanval Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Du Laure Death...............................................+ P +Bancal "The thirst of vengeance and of blood is found + "only in individuals and factions; but never in a + "great nation. I think, besides, that the + "majority of French citizens would not vote for + "actual death. A legislator ought to resist all + "private passions which surround him, to brave + "with firmness every danger, and to obey nothing + "but his conscience and his reason. I am for + "detention."........................................O I + +Page 179 + +Girot + -pouzol Confinement and banishment..........................O +.. +34. HAUTES PYRÉNNÉES (SIC) (TARBES) + +Barrere, +_ex-noble_ Death...............................................+ B +Ferrand Death...............................................+ M +La Crampe Death...............................................+ +Dupont "Behind this mausoleum I see a lion springing + "from his den, and a dangerous enemy substituted + "in the place of a vanquished one. I vote for + "confinement."......................................O +Picquè "I am for death; but not till after the cessation + "of hostilities."...................................D +Gertoux Confinement and banishment..........................O + +35. BASSES PYRÉNNÉES (PAU) + +Sanadon, +_eveque +intrus_ "Being a legislator, I am not a judge. I cannot + "vote but for confinement.".........................O P +Pèmartin "I am only at liberty to adopt a measure of + "safety, which is, confinement or banishment."......O +Comte "I am for the same punishment as the last + "speaker."..........................................O +Meillant "It Would, in my judgment, be a most mistaken + "measure to cut off that head, which may one + "day become useful. Confinement and + "banishment.".......................................O + +Page 181 + +Casenave "The accumulation of so many inconsistent powers + "appears to me, notwithstanding the paradoxes + "and sophisms which art has invented in the + "course of this proceeding, to be a monstrous + "tyranny, in which I am not willing to bear a + "part. The only punishment applicable to Louis + "is forfeiture of the crown.".......................O P +Neveu "I fulfil my duty in voting for confinement.".......O + +36. PYRÉNNÉES ORIENTALES (PERPIGNAN) + +Montegot Death...............................................+ +Cazanies Death...............................................+ +Biroteau "During the war I vote for confinement; and + "after peace is established, for death."............O G +Guyter Confinement and banishment..........................O I +Fabre Absent through sickness.............................m + +Page 182 + +37. HAUT RHIN (COLMAR) + +Ritter Death...............................................+ +La Porte Death...............................................+ +Joannot Death...............................................+ +Pflieger Death...............................................+ +Dubois "I am not a judge. This character belongs to + "none of us. If we were judges, we should + "perform the duties Of such, and observe forms. + "I am for provisional confinement.".................O +Albert Provisional confinement.............................O +Rewbel Absent through sickness.............................m + +38. BAS RHIN (STRASBOURG) + +Laurent Death...............................................+ +Bentabole Death...............................................+ +Louis Death...............................................+ P + +Page 183 + +Arbogast "I see the security of the republic depends on + "the detention of Louis until time of peace.".......O +Christiani Confinement.........................................O +Dentzell Confinement.........................................O I +Simon Absent upon commission..............................a G +Rhull Absent upon commission..............................a S +Erman Absent through sickness.............................m + +39. RHONE ET LOIRE (LYON) + +Dupuis, fils Death...............................................+ +Dubonchet Death...............................................+ +Pressavin Death...............................................+ +Noel Pointe Death...............................................+ +L'Evêque Death...............................................+ +Chasset "The convention, by its conduct in the violation + "of judiciary forms, has convinced me that it + "does not mean to place itself in the situation + "of a judge. It is therefore not permitted me + "to vote for death. I am for confinement until + "the time of peace."................................O + +Page 184 + +Michel "Reasons of state and of public good make me + "incline to detention.".............................O +Patrin "The existence of Louis is useful; his death. + "dangerous."........................................O +Lanthenas "My opinion is, that Louis deserves death; but + "only in case of a foreign war."....................O I +Eusset Death...............................................+ +Moulin "I vote for death; but not until all the Bourbons + "are expelled.".....................................O +Vitet Confinement.........................................O P +Fournier Confinement.........................................O +Bezaud Confinement and banishment..........................O +Forest Confinement and banishment..........................O + +40. HAUTE SAONE (VESOUL) + +Gourdan Death...............................................+ +Siblot Death...............................................+ + +Page 185 + +Bolot Death...............................................+ +Dormier Death...............................................+ +Vigneron Confinement and banishment..........................O +Chauvier Confinement and banishment........................ .O +Balivet Confinement and banishment..........................O + +41. SAONE ET LOIRE (MACON) + +Carra, +_journal +-iste_ Death...............................................+ G +Gelin Death...............................................+ +Guillermin Death...............................................+ +Reverchon Death...............................................+ +Bodot Death...............................................+ +Guilmardet Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Mailly Death...............................................+ +Montgilbert "If the enemies invade the French territory, then + "only I am of opinion that Louis should die.".......O +Moreau Death...............................................+ +Masuyer Confinement till the peace..........................O PG + +Page 186 + +Bertucat "I cannot judge arbitrarily in this case. + "Perpetual confinement."............................O + +42. LA SARTHE (LE MANS) + +Richard Death...............................................+ +Primaudiere Death...............................................+ +Phelippeau Death...............................................+ G +Boutrone Death...............................................+ +Levasseur Death...............................................+ I +Froger Death...............................................+ +Letourneur Death...............................................+ +Syeyes "Death, (adding) without a word more"...............+ +Salmon "I am for detention; lest the anarchists and + "ambitious find in the death of Louis more food + "for their intrigues."..............................O I +Chevalier "The law does not permit me to pronounce any + "other sentence than forfeiture of the crown."......O I + +Page 187 + +43. SEINE ET OISE (VERSAILLES) + +Lecointre Death...............................................+ I +Bassal Death...............................................+ P +Audoin Death...............................................+ P +Treilhard Death...............................................+ +Tallien Death.............................................. + +Chenier Death...............................................+ G +Royt "I vote for death, but not until after the + "constitution has been ratified."...................O +Mercier "The sentence of death is impolitic and dangerous. + "The phantom of a King may be of marvellous + "service to us. Perpetual confinement."............O P +Kersaint "I do not think myself called forth to pronounce + "a judicial sentence. And if I were a judge, I + "should vote in mercy, and not in hatred. I have + "no notion of a great nation acting from revenge; + "in this struggle the inequality of the parties + "makes it shocking. I am for confinement until + "the time of peace."................................O G + +Page 188 + +Dupuis Confinement.........................................O +Alquier Death, after the peace..............................D +Gorsas, +_journa +-liste_ Detention...........................................O G +Haussman Absent by commission................................a +Hèrault de +Sechelles, +_avocat +-general_ Absent by commission................................a G + +44. SEINE INFERIEURE (ROUEN) + +Albite Death...............................................+ p +Pocholles Death...............................................+ +Vincent "To condemn Louis to death is to provoke a civil. + "war, to ruin the nation, to overturn the state, + "and to destroy liberty altogether. I am for + "confinement and banishment.".......................O G + +Page 189 + +Bailleul "Consider that before posterity the illusion will + "cease, and the passions will be no more. You + "wish for the happiness of the people, and the head + "of Louis is your security for it. I vote for + "detention."........................................O I +Mariette "I have only the quality of legislator; that of + "judge is inconsistent with it. I vote for + "banishment.".......................................O +Doublet "The evils which the death of Stuart brought upon + "England, make me vote for detention."..............O I +Rualt "It is very strange that people are so earnest to. + "follow the penal code, when they have not + "followed, in the forms of proceeding, any one of + "the articles of criminal legislation. I vote for + "provisional confinement."..........................O P +Faure, +_libraire_ Confinement and banishment..........................O +Bourgeois Confinement and transportation......................O +Hardy, +_medicin_ Confinement and banishment..........................O + +Page 190 + +Yger Confinement and banishment..........................O +Hecquet Confinement and banishment..........................O I +Duval, Confinement and banishment..........................O + _avocat_ +Lefevre, + _juge_ Confinement and banishment..........................O +Blutel Confinement and banishment..........................O I +Delahaye Confinement.........................................O P + +45. SEINE ET MARNE (MELUN) + +Mauduit Death...............................................+ +Tellier Death...............................................+ S +Cordier Death...............................................+ +Bernard "I am for death, but not until after the + "constitution is settled."..........................O +Bailly de "I consider Louis as an hostage necessary to public + Juilly "tranquility. I am for confinement and + "banishment.".......................................O P +Himbert "I have the fullest conviction that I cannot act as + "a judge. You have annulled the high national + "court, and are you not afraid that history will + "accuse you of having usurped a power which did not + "belong to you? I am for confinement and + "banishment.".......................................O + +Page 191 + +De France "Since all judiciary forms are trampled under foot, + "I vote for confinement.............................O +Vigny Confinement and banishment..........................O +Geoffry, Confinement.........................................O + l'ainè +Opoix Confinement and banishment..........................O +Bernier Provisional confinement.............................O + +46. LES DEUX SEVRES (NIORT) + +Lecointepuy +-raveau Death...............................................+ +Dubreuil Death...............................................+ I +Cochon Death...............................................+ +L'Official "I declare that I have no power to judge + "criminally.".......................................O +Jard- Confinement and transportation......................O + panviller + +Page 192 + +Anguis Confinement and transportation......................O +Du Chatel Absent through sickness.............................m G + +47. LA SOMME (AMIENS) + +Saladin Death...............................................+ I +Dumont Death...............................................+ +Delecloy Death...............................................+ +Scellier Death...............................................+ +Florent "Although my opinion does not seem to be that which +-louvet "will prevail, I vote for detention."...............O P +Du Festel "My electoral assembly was so far from designing to + "give me a judicial power, that when it nominated + "me a deputy, it appointed two _haut jures_" + [Footnote: They are appointed in every department + to try all causes, civil and criminal."] "at the + "same time. Confinement and banishment."...........O + +Page 193 + +Sillery, "My constituents were not so senseless as to +_noble_ "accumulate upon my head all sorts of powers. I + "vote for banishment................................O G +De Veritè "I cannot be accuser and judge in the same cause. + "Confinement and banishment.........................O P +Rivery, Confinement.........................................O +_avocat_ +Gantois Confinement and banishment..........................O +Martin Confinement.........................................O + St. Prix +Asselin, Confinement.........................................O +_avocat_ + +48. LE TARN (CASTRES) + +La Source Death...............................................+ G +La Combe Death...............................................+ + St. Michel +Campmas Death...............................................+ +Gourry "As soon as you shall have voted the expulsion of + "all the Bourbons, I will vote for the death of + "Louis; but not before."............................O + +Page 194 + +Soloniac Confinement and banishment..........................O +Marvejols Confinement and banishment..........................O +Rochegude Confinement and banishment..........................O +Meyer Confinement and transportation......................O +D'Ambermènil Absent by illness...................................m I + +49. LE VAR (TOULON) + +Escudier Death...............................................+ I +Ricard Death...............................................+ I +Charbonier Death...............................................+ I +D'Espinassy Death...............................................+ +Isnard Death...............................................+ P +Roubaud Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Barras Death...............................................+ +Antiboul Confinement.........................................O G + +Page 195 + +50. LA VENDEE (FONTENAY-LE-COMTE) + +Goupilleau, Death...............................................+ P + l'ainè +Goupilleau, Death...............................................+ + le jeune +Maignen Death...............................................+ +Fayo Death...............................................+ +Musset Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Garros Death...............................................+ +Gaudin "I cannot imagine that the French people + "delegated to us a despotic power--that is, a power + "to make laws and to apply them. I am for + "confinement and banishment.".......................O I +Girard Confinement and banishment..........................O +Morisson "I do not think that Louis is subject to our + "jurisdiction; therefore I abstain from voting."....nv + +Page 196 + +51. LA VIENNE (POITIERS) + +Piozzy Death...............................................+ +Martineau Death...............................................+ +Ingrand Death...............................................+ +Thibaudot Death...............................................+ +Creuzè- "I do not think that men who make laws can order + la-touche "the death of any man. I vote for confinement and + "banishment.........................................O +Creuzè- Confinement.........................................O + paschal +Dutroubor- Confinement and banishment..........................O + nier +Bion Confinement and banishment..........................O + +52. LA HAUTE VIENNE (LIMOGES) + +Gay Vernon Death...............................................+ + +Page 197 + +Lesterp "For death, in case of an hostile invasion."........O P + beauvais +Bordas "As a measure of safety, I decide for confinement.".O +Faye "My conscience forbids me to vote for death.".......O +La Croix Confinement and banishment..........................O G +Rivaud Confinement.........................................O +Soulignac Confinement.........................................O P + +53. LES VOSGES (EPINAL) + +Perrin Death...............................................+ +Poulain Death, but not till after the constitution....... O + grand-prè +Souhait Confinement.........................................O +Baland Confinement.........................................O +Couhey Confinement and banishment..........................O +Bresson "Judges prostrate themselves before a law that is + "equal for all, but we have violated equality to + "make an exception against a single individual. + "Judges have a bandage of ice (_bandeau glace_) upon + "their forehead, but hatred against Louis burns and + "devours us. Judges reject severe opinions, but we + "publish with pride the rigour of our judgments. + "Judges mitigate the horror of a condemnation by + "the expression of pity, but our aversion pursues + "Louis even under the axe of the executioner. From + "hence I conclude that we are not judges, and that + "I cannot vote but for confinement."................O I + +Page 198 + +Noël Absent by commission................................a G +Hugo Absent by commission................................a + +54. L'YONNE (AUXERRE) + +Le Pelletier Death...............................................+ A + de St. Fargeau +Maure Death...............................................+ S + +Page 199 + +Herard Death...............................................+ +J. Boileau Death...............................................+ G +Turreau Death...............................................+ I +Bourbotte Death...............................................+ G +Finot Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Precy Death, but not till after the constitution..........O +Chatelain Confinement and banishment..........................O + +55. L'AIN (BOURG-EN-BRESSE) + +Deydier Death...............................................+ +Merlin Death...............................................+ +Gautier Death...............................................+ +Royer Confinement and banishment..........................O I +Mollet Confinement.........................................O + +56. L'AISNE (LAON) + +Quinette Death...............................................+ I +Jean de Brie Death...............................................+ + +Page 200 + +St. Just Death...............................................+ G +Beffroy Death...............................................+ +Petit Death...............................................+ +Fiquet Death...............................................+ +Loisel Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Boucheron Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Condorcet, + _academicien_ "The punishment of death is contrary to my + "principles; I shall never vote for it. I vote + "for the heaviest punishment of the penal code + "which does not amount to death."................* PM +Dupin, "I am of the Same opinion with Monsieur + "Condorcet; that is, I vote for confinement in + "chains."........................................* +Belin "I vote for death only in case of invasion + "by the enemy."..................................O + + [Footnote: * N.B. These two are in the report said + to have voted for chains.] + +Page 201 + +57. L'ALLIER (MOULINS) + +Vidalin Death...............................................+ +Martel Death...............................................+ +Beauchamp Death...............................................+ +Chevalier "I think it my duty not to vote."...................nv + +58. HAUTES ALPES (GAP) + +Izoard Confinement.........................................O +Barety Confinement.........................................O +Borel Confinement.........................................O +Caseneuve Confinement.........................................O I +Serres "My country, my conscience, my love of liberty, + "dictate my vote for detention."....................O + +Page 202 + +59. BASSES ALPES (DIGNE) + +Maysse Death...............................................+ I +Derbès Death...............................................+ + la tour +Savornin Death...............................................+ +Peyze Death...............................................+ G +Verdallin "I vote for detention, because the death of Louis + "would only cause tyranny to revive."...............O +Reguis Confinement and banishment..........................O + + +60. L'ARDECHE (PRIVAS) + +Gleizal Death...............................................+ +Soubeyran "I vote for death, but not till the expulsion of + "all the Bourbons.".................................O + +Page 203 + +Gamon "I am for the same punishment, but in case of + "invasion by the enemy."............................O +St. Martin "I would have Louis live, because the pretensions + "to royalty will be without any danger, so long as + "they shall rest on his head. I am for life and + "confinement."......................................O +Garilhe "Every irrevocable act which is not ratified by the + "people, is void. I am therefore for confinement.".O I +Boissi- Confinement and transportation......................O + d'Anglas +Corin- Confinement and banishment..........................O + Fustier + +61. ARDENNES (MEZIERES) + +Ferry Death...............................................+ +Dubois Death...............................................+ +Robert Death...............................................+ + +Page 204 + +Monesson "I consent to death, provided that you first expel + "all the Bourbons.".................................O +Vermond "If there shall be an invasion, I vote for death."..O +Bodin Banishment..........................................O +Thierrier Perpetual detention.................................O +Blondel Confinement; death in case of invasion..............O + +62. ARRIEGE (FOIX) + +Vadier Death...............................................+ B +Espert Death...............................................+ P +Clauzel Death...............................................+ +Camp Death...............................................+ + Martin +Lakanal Death...............................................+ +Gaston Death, with discussion as to time...................D + +63. AUBE (TROYES) + +Courtois Death...............................................+ +Robin Death...............................................+ + +Page 205 + +Garnier Death...............................................+ +Rabaut "Persuaded that the ashes, from the funeral pile of + St. Etienne "kings, like the ashes of martyrs, only produce + "others; satisfied also that my nation ought not to + "have the ferocity of the tiger which tears to + "pieces, but the courage of the lion which despises, + "I vote for preserving Louis as an hostage."........O G +Perrin Confinement and banishment..........................O G +Bonnemain Confinement and deportation.........................O +Douge Confinement and deportation.........................O +Pierret Confinement and deportation.........................O +Duval Confinement and banishment..........................O + +64. L'AUDE (CARCASSONE) + +Azema Death...............................................+ +Girard Death...............................................+ +Bonnet Death...............................................+ +Ramel Death...............................................+ G + +Page 206 + +Morin Confinement.........................................O +Tournier Confinement and banishment..........................O I +Marragon Death...............................................+ +Periès Confinement and transportation......................O I + +65. L'AVEYRON (RHODES) + +Camboulas Death...............................................+ +Jos. Death...............................................+ + la Combe +Seconds Death...............................................+ +Louchet Death...............................................+ +Baux Death...............................................+ +Godefroy- "Eternal justice forbids us to condemn Louis to + Ysarn "to death; because it abhors aggravation, and the + "making of ex-post-facto criminal laws, in order to + "apply them to acts that are past. Now there is no + "written law which inflicts this punishment upon + "Louis for any act, before he was hurled from the + "throne into a prison. I satisfy myself in voting + "for confinement."..................................O + +Page 207 + +St. Martin- Confinement and banishment..........................O + Valogues +Lobinès Confinement and banishment..........................O +Bernard Confinement and banishment..........................O + St. Afrique + +66. BOUCHES DU RHONE (AIX) + +Duprat Death...............................................+ G +Rebecqui Death...............................................+ S +Barbaroux Death...............................................+ PS +Bayle Death...............................................+ I +Granet Death...............................................+ P +Gasparin Death...............................................+ G +Rovere Death...............................................+ +Pelissier Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Laurent Death, with discussion as to time...................D + +Page 208 + +Durand "I see more inconvenience in the death of Louis, + Maillane "than in his existence. I vote therefore for + "confinement."......................................O +Du Perret Confinement and banishment..........................O G + +67. CALVADOS (CAEN) + +Bonnet Death...............................................+ +Taveau Death...............................................+ +Jouenne Death...............................................+ +Dubois Death, only in case of invasion.....................O + Dubais +Fauchet +_evêque "The convention has no right to accumulate, to + intrus_ "confound, and to exercise all powers. It is the + "right of tyranny alone. I may be subjected to it, + "but I never will practise (sic) it. I am no + "judge, and therefore can only vote for detention.".O G +Vardon "I declare myself incompetent.".....................nv + +Page 209 + +L'Homond Confinement.........................................O +Doulcet, +_pontè- Confinement and banishment..........................O + coulant_ +Cussy "I do not think that the glory or the interest of + "the French people permit them to strike a + "vanquished enemy. I vote for confinement."........O G +Le Got Confinement.........................................O +Ph. Confinement and banishment..........................O I + Belleville +Dumont Confinement and banishment..........................O + +68. CANTAL (ST. FLOUR) + +Milhau Death...............................................+ +La Coste Death...............................................+ I +Tarriè Death...............................................+ +Peuvergue "My conscience tells me that the death of Louis + "would be prejudicial to the republic."............O +Thibault Confinement and banishment..........................O + +Page 210 + +Meseujac Confinement and banishment..........................O +Chabanon Confinement and banishment..........................O +Jos. Maille Absent with leave...................................a + +69. LA CHARENTE (ANGOULEME) + +Bellegarde Death...............................................+ +Chedanau Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Guinberteau Death...............................................+ +Chazaud Death...............................................+ G +Brun Death...............................................+ +Ribereau Death...............................................+ I +Cuvelier Death...............................................+ +De Vars Confinement and banishment..........................O +Maulde Confinement and banishment..........................O + +70. CHARENTE INFERIEURE (SAINTES) + +Bernard Death...............................................+ I +Nion Death...............................................+ + +Page 211 + +Echasseriaux Death...............................................+ +Brèard Death...............................................+ +Ruamps Death...............................................+ I +Lozeau Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Vinet Death...............................................+ +Garnicr Death...............................................+ +Giraud "As a legislator I think it most beneficial that + "Louis should live."................................O +D'Autriche "I declare that my sentiments are subject to no + "undue influence of any sort. So far are we from + "being judges as well as legislators, that you + "decided yesterday that we are not judges; I mean, + "by your resolution, that this question should be + "determined by a simple majority of votes.".........O +De Chezeau Confinement and banishment..........................O G + +71. LE CHER (BOURGES) + +Foucher Death...............................................+ +La Brunerie Death...............................................+ + +Page 212 + +Peltier Death...............................................+ +Alasseur "What says history? Caesar was assassinated, and + "had a successor. The English sacrificed their + "tyrant, and returned to their chains. Rome + "banished her kings, and had liberty. I am for + "banishment.".......................................O +Baucheton Confinement.........................................O +Dugêne Confinement.........................................O + +72. LA CORREZE (TULLES) + +Brival Death...............................................+ +Lannot Death, with discussion as to time...................D I +Borie Death...............................................+ I +Chambon Death...............................................+ G +Lidon Death...............................................+ S +Penieres Death...............................................+ +Lafond "I think it my duty to abstain from voting." .......nv + +Page 213 + +73. CORSE (_Corsica_) (BASTIA) + +Salicetti Death...............................................+ +Chiappe "Having nothing to do with the application of + "punishment. I consider only the security of my + "fellow citizens, which is the supreme law; in a + "word, I am for detention.".........................O +Andrèe "The punishment for Louis can be no other than that + "of forfeiture."....................................O +Bansio "I flatter myself that I shall deserve well of my + "country in voting for detention."..................O +Peraldi Confinement and banishment..........................O +Casabianca Provisional confinement.............................O +Mottedo Confinement.........................................O + +74. COTE D'OR (DIJON) + +Bazire Death...............................................+ G +Guyton- Death...............................................+ + morveau + +Page 214 + +Prieur Death...............................................+ P +Oudot Death...............................................+ +Treilhard Death...............................................+ +Guyot Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Berthier Death...............................................+ +Lambert "That I may not accumulate all functions, I think + "it is my duty to abstain from pronouncing any + "juridical (sic) punishment.".......................O +Marcy "The convention may set itself up for a jury; but + "it can be only to judge the crime, and not the + "criminal. To pass a definitive judgment upon + "Louis is, in my opinion, an outrage against the + "definitive will of the nation. To pronounce + "sentence of death, is an usurpation of the right + "of the Sovereign. I will not be a judge--I + "cannot, and I ought not to be one. + " Representatives of the people! You have + "destroyed the despot; suffer the man to live. Let + "him drag in captivity a groveling life. You are + "the depositaries of French honour. Europe has her + "eyes upon you. Posterity is advancing. It will + "judge you, and its voice will pass through ages." .O + +Page 215 + +Rameau "It is not in your power to give me the quality of + "judge, which I have not received from the + "sovereign. Accordingly I do not think myself + "bound by this monstrous decree." ..................O + +75. COTES DU NORD (ST. BRIEUX) + +Londe Death...............................................+ +Couppè "Of the two punishments proposed to be inflicted on + "Louis, I choose the mildest, that is detention."...O +Champeaux "My constituents have deputed me to make laws, and + "not to judge.".....................................O + +Page 216 + +Guyomard "The re-union of all powers characterises + "despotism, whether it be in an individual, or in a + "body of men. It is bad policy to multiply the + "number of our enemies fourfold, and to lavish the + "blood of our brethren. Shall we then, by + "punishing Louis, augment the list of victims still + "more? I vote for confinement.".............. .....O +Gondelin "I am not afraid of menaces. I am ready to + "sacrifice my blood for my country. I vote, + "according to my conscience, for detention."........O +Gautier, Perpetual confinement...............................O + le jeune +Fleury Perpetual confinement...............................O I +Giraud Perpetual confinement...............................O + +76. LA CREUSE (GUERET) + +Huguet Death...............................................+ I +Guyes Death...............................................+ + +Page 217 + +De Bourges "In my capacity as legislator, I am unwilling to + "deliberate and to give my vote upon the question, + "what punishment shall be inflicted on Louis."......O +Tenier "As history teaches, that from the ashes of one + "king another springs up, I vote for detention."....O +Coutisson Confinement.........................................O +Jaurand Confinement.........................................O +Baraillon, Provisional confinement.............................O +_physician_ + +77. LA DORDOGNE (PERIGUEUX) + +La Marque Death...............................................+ I +Pinet Death...............................................+ +Lacoste Death...............................................+ +Taillefer Death...............................................+ P +Peussard Death...............................................+ I +Allafort Death...............................................+ +Lambert Confinement.........................................O + +Page 218 + +Bouquier Death...............................................+ +Roux- Death...............................................+ + fazillac +Meynard "My reason tells me, that I cannot both make and + "apply the law; it tells me, that I cannot destroy + "the effect of the law, in order to substitute my + "own will in its place; it tells me in short, that + "the blending of powers is too arbitrary for the + "government of a free people, and that I ought not + "to vote, but (as a measure of public safety) for + "provisional confinement." .........................O + +78. DOUBS (BESANCON) + +Michaud Death...............................................+ +Vernety Death...............................................+ +Monnot Death...............................................+ +Besson Death...............................................+ + +Page 219 + +Guyrot "I do not condemn Louis to death, because, when I + "open the penal code, I see that other forms were + "necessary, other judges, and other principles. + "I am for confinement.".................... ........O +Sèguin Confinement, and banishment.........................O + +79. LA DROME (ROMANS) + +Julien Death...............................................+ I +Santeyra Death...............................................+ +Boisset Death...............................................+ +Jacomin Death...............................................+ +Collaud de Death, in case only of invasion.....................O + la Salcette +Fayolle "I have never been satisfied that the convention + "should set itself up for a court of justice. + "Confinement."......................................O I +Martinet Confinement.........................................O +Marbos Confinement.........................................O +Gèrente Confinement.........................................O + +Page 220 + +80. L'EURE (EVREUX) + +Lindet, Death...............................................+ + l'ainê, +_evêque + intrus_ +Buzot Death...............................................+ P +Duroy Death...............................................+ G +Bouillerot Death...............................................+ +Lindet Death...............................................+ + le jeune +Richou "Foreseeing that the death of Louis will be the + "source of bitter misfortunes, I should regard + "myself as unworthy the name of citizen, if I voted + "for his punishment. Confinement and banishment."..O P +Le Marechal "That I may not be reproached with having swerved + "from my mission, and with having set an example of + "the most monstrous tyranny, I vote for + "confinement."......................................O + +Page 221 + +Vallèe "I am for provisional confinement, and for death in + "case the French territory be invaded.".............O I +Savary Confinement.........................................O I +Topsent Confinement.........................................O + +81. L'EURE ET LOIRE (CHARTRES) + +La Croix Death...............................................+ +Brissot Death...............................................+ G +Pethion, Death...............................................+ PM +_maire de + Paris_ +Le Sage Confinement.........................................O P +Loiseau Death, with delay...................................+ +Châles Death...............................................+ P +Fremenger Death...............................................+ +Giroust "Having no power to vote but as a legislator, I am + "for detention."....................................O I +Bourgeois Confinement.........................................O + +Page 222 + +82. FINISTERRE (QUIMPER) + +Boham Death...............................................+ +Blad Death...............................................+ I +Guernoi Death...............................................+ +Guermeur Death...............................................+ +Gommaire "Considering the past events which I have seen, + "considering the present events which I now behold, + "and considering those future events which I + "apprehend, I am of opinion that the life of Louis + "is of more value to the republic than his death."..O +Marcè Confinement and banishment..........................O +Queince Confinement and transportation......................O +Kervelegan "I am of the same opinion as the last.".............O +Kleber Confinement.........................................O + +Page 223 + +83. LE GARD (NISMES) + +Jal Death...............................................+ +Leyris Death...............................................+ +Vouland Death...............................................+ P +Chazal, Death...............................................+ I + fils +Tavernel "Death, but not until after the ratification of the + "constitution.".....................................O +Aubry The same............................................O P +Rabaut- The same............................................O G + pommier +Balla Confinement.........................................O + +The Names of the above-mentioned Voters in alphabetical order. + +_N.B. The figures refer to the page_. + +Alasseur 212 Baudran 156 Bolot 185 Carpentier le 165 +Albert 182 Bansio 213 Bonguyode 157 Carpentier 173 +Albite 188 Baux 206 Bonnemain 205 Carra 185 +Alboys 162 Bazire 213 Bonnesoeur 165 Casabianca 213 +Allafort 217 Bayle 207 Bonnet 153 Caseneuve 201 +Alquier 188 Beauchamp 201 Bonnet 208 Casenave 181 +Amar 156 Beaugeard 154 Bonnet 159 Castillon 153 +Ambermèuil 194 Beauprè 174 Bonnet 205 Cazanies 181 +Amyon 157 Beauvais 176 Bonneval 168 Caze 153 +Andrèe 213 Becker 171 Bordas 197 Cavaignan 162 +Andrè (St.) 161 Beffroy 200 Borel 201 Cayla 162 +Anguis 192 Belin 200 Borie 212 Chabanon 210 +Ansy 162 Bellegarde 210 Boucher 176 Chabot 159 +Antiboul 194 Belleville 209 Boucheron 200 Châles 221 +Anthoine 171 Bentabole 182 Boudin 155 Chaillon 160 +Aoust 173 Bezaud 184 Bouillerot 220 Chambon 212 +Arbagast 183 Bergoin 153 Bouquier 218 Champeaux 215 +Armonville 166 Bernard 190 Bourbotte 199 Champigny 156 +Artigoyte D' 158 Bernard 210 Bourdon 161 Charbonier 194 +Asselin 193 Bernard St. Bourdon 174 Charlier 166 +Aubert 163 Afrique 207 Bourgeois 189 Charrel 156 +Aubry 223 Bernier 191 Bourgeois 221 Chasset 183 +Audoin 187 Berthier 214 Bourges (de) 217 Chatelain 199 +Audrein 170 Bertucat 186 Bousquet 152 Chaumont 154 +Aulnay de l' 164 Besson 218 Boussion 162 Chauvier 185 +Aulnay de l' 164 Bezere 174 Boutrone 186 Chaux (la) 160 +Azema 205 Billaud Va- Boygnes 162 Chazal 223 + B. rennes 175 Brèard 211 Chazàud 210 +Babey 158 Bion 196 Brisson 159 Chedanau 210 +Bailly de Ju- Biroteau 181 Breson 197 Chenier 187 + illy 190 Bissy 167 Bretel 165 Chevalier 186 +Baland 197 Blad 222 Breton (le) 154 Chevalier 201 +Bailleuil 189 Blanc 166 Brissot 221 Chiappe 213 +Ballivet 185 Blanval 178 Brival 212 Choudieu 164 +Balla 223 Blaux 172 Brun 210 Christiani 183 +Bancal 178 Blondel 204 Brunel 153 Claverie 162 +Bar 171 Blutel 190 Brunerie (la) 211 Clauzel 204 +Baraillon 217 BOdin 156 Buzot 220 Cledel 161 +Barbaroux 207 Bodin 204 C. Clerc (le) 159 +Barety 201 Bodot 185 Calès 151 Clerc le) 164 +Barras 194 Boham 222 Calon 173 Cloots 174 +Barrere 179 Boileau 199 Cambacerès 153 Cochet 173 +Baroche 169 Boisset 219 Cambon 153 Cochon 191 +Barrott 163 Boissi-D'An- Camboulas 206 Cointe-pui +Barthelemy 159 glas 203 Campmartin 204 -raveau (le) 191 +Bas (le) 177 Boissiere la 161 Campmas 193 Cointre (le) 187 +Bassal 187 BOissieu 157 Camus 159 Collau de la +Baucheton 212 Bollet 177 Cappin 152 Salcette 219 + +Collot Derasey 155 E. Gamon 203 + d'Herbois 175 Descamps 152 Echasseriaux 211 Gantois 193 +Colombel 174 Desmoulins 175 Egalitè 177 Garan +Combe (la) 206 Despinassy 194 Enlard 177 -coulon 161 +Combe St. Desrouais 174 Engerrand 165 Gardien 155 + Michel (la) 193 Devars 210 Enjubault 167 Garilhe 203 +Condorcet 200 Deydier 199 Ermann 183 Garnier 205 +Comte 180 Dirès 158 Escudier 194 Garnier 211 +Corbel 170 Dorisy 164 Esni 167 Garnot 177 +Cordier 190 Dormier 185 Espert 204 Garros 195 +COrinfustier 203 Doublet 189 Eusset 184 Gasparin 207 +Coste (la) 209 Douge 205 F Gaston 204 +Couhey 197 Doulcet 209 Fabre 153 Gaudin 195 +Couppè 173 Drouet 166 Fabre 181 Gautier 199 +Couppè 215 Drulhe 151 Fabre d'Eg - Gautier 216 +Courtois 204 Dubarran 152 lantine 176 Gayet 163 +Coustard 160 Dubibgnon 154 Fauchet 208 Gayvernon 197 +Couthon 178 Dubois 174 Faure 189 Gazeau 152 +Coutisson 217 Dubois 182 Faure 159 Gelin 185 +Couturier 172 Dubois 203 Faye 197 Genevois 156 +Crampe (la) 179 Dubois-Du- Faye 195 Genissieu 156 +Creuzè-la- bais 208 Fayolle 219 Gensonnè 152 + Tonche 196 Dubouchet 183 Fermont 154 Gentil 161 +Creuzè-pas- Dubreuil 191 Ferrand 179 Gèrente 219 + chal 196 Duchatel 192 Ferry 203 Geoffroy 191 +Croix (de la)166 Ducos 152 Ferroux 157 Gertoux 180 +Croix (la) 197 Ducos 158 Fevre (le) 160 Gervais-fauvè 165 +Croix (la) 221 Dufestel 192 Finot 199 +Curèe 153 Dugêne 212 Fiot (le) 172 Gibergues 178 +Cussy 209 Duguè-dassy 174 Figuet 200 Gillet 171 +Cuvelier 210 Duhem 173 Flageas 159 Girard 195 + D. Dumont 192 Fleury 217 Girard 205 +Damrobe 172 Dumont 209 Florent-lou- Girot-pou-zol 179 +D'Andenac 164 Duperret 208 vet 192 +D'Andenac 164 Dupin 200 Fockedey 173 Giraud 211 +Dannon 179 Duplantier 153 Fonfrede 152 Giraud 216 +Danton 175 Dupont 155 Forest 184 Giroust 221 +David 176 Dupont 179 Fouchè 160 Gleizal 202 +D'Autriche 211 Duprat 207 Foucher 211 Godefroy 174 +Debrie 199 Dupuis 183 Fournel 162 Gommaire 222 +De Chezeau 211 Dupuis 188 Fourney 175 Goudelin 216 +Delamare 174 Duquesnoi 177 Fournier 184 Goupilleau 195 +Delbret 162 Durand-mail- Foussedoire 159 Goupilleau 195 +Delaguelle 160 lane 208 Franc (le) 158 Gourdan 184 +Delcher 159 Duroy 220 France (de) 191 Gorsas 188 +Delahaye 190 Dussault 176 Fremenger 221 Goussuin 173 +Delecloy 192 Dutroubour- Freron 176 Gourry 193 +Delmas 151 nier 196 Fressine 159 Granet 207 +Dentzell 183 Duval 154 Froger 186 Grangeneuve 152 +Derbes-la- Duval 190 G. + tour 202 Duval 205 Gadroy 158 Gregoire 159 + +Grenot 157 Jeune (le) 155 Loiseau 221 Mellinet 160 +Guadet 152 Jeune (le) 167 Loisel 200 Mercier 187 +Guerin 161 Joannot 182 L'onde 215 Merlin 172 +Guermeur 222 Jourdan 172 Lozeau 211 Merlin 173 +Guernoi 222 Jouenne 208 Louchet 206 Merlin 199 +Guffroy 177 Julien 151 Loue (la) 178 Meyer 194 +Guillardin 166 Julien 219 Louis 182 Meynard 218 +Guillermin 185 Just (St.) 200 Louvet 192 Meseujac 210 +Guilmardet 185 K. Louvet 161 Michaud 218 +Guilrault 172 Kersaint 187 M. Michel 169 +Guinberteau 210 Kervelegan 222 Maignen 195 Michel 171 +Guire (la) 152 Kleber 222 Maignan (le) 164 Michel 184 +Guyès 216 L. Magniez 178 Milhan 209 +Guyomard 216 Lacoste 217 Maignet 181 Moine (le) 165 +Guyot 214 Laignelot 176 Mailhe 151 Mollet 199 +Guyrot 219 Lakanal 204 Maille 210 Molveau 168 +Guyter 181 Lafond 212 Mailland Mounel 166 +Guyton-mor- Lambert 214 Durand 218 Monnot 218 + veau 213 Lambert 217 Mailland (le)171 Moneson 204 + H. Lalande 169 Maillv 185 Monestier 163 +Hardy 189 Lanjuinais 154 Mainville 155 Monestier 178 +Hardi (le) 170 Lannot 212 Maysse 202 Montant 151 +Harmand 170 Lanthenas 183 Malarmè 168 Montégot 181 +Hauffmann 188 Laroche 163 Manuel 176 Montey (le) 158 +Havin 165 Laurence 165 Marat 175 Montgilbert 185 +Hecquet 190 Lauranceot 157 Marbos 219 Montmayan 162 +Herard 199 Laure (du) 178 Marcè 222 Moreau 185 +Herault de Laurent 207 Marcy 214 Moreau 169 + Sechelles 188 Lefevre 190 Marèchal (le)220 Morin 206 +Himbert 190 Lecointre 187 Mariette 189 Morisson 195 +Homond L' 209 Lecointe- Marque (la) 217 Mottedo, 213 +Hosdiniere 174 puyraveau 191 Marquis 170 Moulin 184 +Houilliere de164 Laurent 182 Marragon 206 Moysset 152 +Hubert 165 Laurent 163 Martel 201 Musset 195 +Hugo 198 Legendre 172 Martin St. 203 N. +Huguet 216 Legendre 175 Martin St. Nentz 171 +Humbert 170 Legot 209 Prix 193 Neveu 180 + I./J. LequiniO 174 Martin St. Nioche 155 +Ingrand 196 Lesterp- valogues 217 Nion 210 +Isabeau 156 beauvais 196 Martineau 196 Noël 198 +Isnard 194 Letourneur 186 Martinet 219 Noël pointe 183 +Izoard 201 L'Eveque 183 Marvejols 194 Noguer 163 +Izore 174 Levasseur 168 Massieu 174 0. +Jacomin 219 Levasseur 186 Mauduit 190 Obelin 154 +Jal 223 Leyris 223 Maure 198 Official (L') 191 +Jard pan- Leyze (de) 152 Mauld 210 OpOiX 191 + viller 191 Lidon 212 Mauzel 154 Osselin 176 +Jarrv 160 Lindet 220 Marade 151 Oudot 214 +Jaurand 217 Lindet 220 Masuyer 185 P. +Jay 152 Lobinès 207 Meaulle 160 Paganel 162 +Jehon 152 Loi (la) 167 Meillant 180 Page (le) 161 + +Panis 176 Primaudiere 186 Ruamps 211 Thomas 174 +Pastoret 154 Projean 151 Ruelle 155 Thomas 176 +Padrin 184 Prost 157 Rudelle 178 Thuriot 166 +Paux (le) 164 Prunel 157 S. Tocquot 170 +Payne 178 Pryese 173 Sacy (de) 151 Topsent 211 +Pelissier 207 Q. Sage (le) 221 Tournier 206 +Pellè 161 Queince 222 Saladin 192 ToUrneur le 165 +Pellet 163 Quinette 199 Salicetti 213 Treilhard 187 +Pelletier, le 198 R. Salle 168 Treilhard 214 +Peltier 212 Rabaut pom- Salleles 162 Turreau 199 +Pemartin 180 mier 223 Sallengtos 173 V. +Penieres 212 Rabaut St. Salmon 186 Vadier 204 +Pepin 155 Etienne 205 Sanadon 180 Valazè 174 +Perard 164 Raffron 176 Savornin 202 Valdruche 167 +Peraldi 213 Rameau 215 Santeyra 219 Valleè 221 +Perès 151 Ramel 205 Saurine 159 Valogues 207 +Perès 206 Randon 163 Savary 221 Vardon 208 +Perrin 197 Raynault 159 Saustrault 172 Varlet 177 +Perrin 205 Rèal 156 Scellier 192 Vatelier 166 +Personne 178 Rebecqui 207 Seconds 206 Vaublanc 157 +Pethion 221 Reguis 202 Seguin 219 Venaille 159 +Petit 200 Reverchon 185 Senault 173 Vergniault 152 +Peussard 217 Rewbell 182 Serjeant 176 Verdallin 202 +Peuvergne 209 Ribereau 210 Serres 201 Viritè (de) 193 +Peyz 202 Ribet 165 Serveau 167 Vermond 204 +Pflieger 182 Ricard 194 Serviere 163 Vernety 218 +Phelippeaux 186 Richard 186 Servonat 156 Vernier 157 +Picquè 180 Richou 220 Sevestre 154 Vicomterie +Pierret 205 Ritter 182 Siblot 184 (la) 175 +Pilastre 164 Rivaud 197 Sillery 193 Vidalin 201 +Pinel 165 Rivery 193 Simon 183 Vidalot 162 +Pinet 217 Rhull 183 Soloniac 194 Vicunet 153 +Piozzy 196 Robert 176 Soubeyran 202 Vigneron 185 +Plaichart Robert 203 Soubrany 178 Viguy 191 + chottiere 168 Robin 204 Souhait 197 Villars 167 +Plaigne (la) 151 Robespierre 175 Soulignac 197 Villiers (de)166 +Planche (la) 172 Robespierre 176 Source (la) 193 Villers 160 +Pocholles 188 Roche-gude 194 Syeyes 186 Villette 174 +Poisson 165 Rocher (du) 194 T. Vigèe 156 +Pons 169 Romme 178 Taillefer 217 Vincent 188 +Porcher 155 Rouault 171 Tallien 187 Vinet 211 +Porte (la) 182 Roubaud 194 Tarriè 209 Vilet 184 +Portier 174 Rovere 207 Taveau 208 Vouland 223 +Potrier 155 Rousseau 167 Tavernel 223 W. +Poulain 166 Roussel 169 Tellier 190 Wandelin +Poulain grand Roux 167 Tenier 217 -court 167 + Prè 197 Roux-fazillac 218 Thibaut 155 Y. +Poultier 173 Rouzet 151 Thibault 209 Yger 190 +Precy 199 Rouyer 153 Thibaudot 196 Ysarn Godf. 206 +Pressavin 183 Royer 199 Thierrier 204 Z. +Prieur 166 Royt 187 Thirion 171 Zangiacomi 169 +Prieur 214 Rualt 189 + +****** + +RESULT OF THE THIRD SCRUTINY. + +PRESIDENT VERGNIAULT. + +"CITIZENS! + + "I am going to pronounce the sentence of rigour against Louis. +"When justice has spoken, humanity should then make her voice heard. +"I intreat the members and the tribune to observe profound silence. +"The assembly is composed of 745 members: 1 of these is dead--6 are +"sick--2 absent without assigning any reason--11 are absent with +"leave--4 have not voted; the total is 24, which, being deducted +"from 745, there remain 721 voters, of whom the absolute majority is +"361. + + "36 are for death, leaving the time of it to be discussed hereafter. + "9 for death, with respite. + "2 for death, after a peace. + "2 for chains. +"319 for confinement. +"366 for death. + +"CITIZENS, + +"The punishment pronounced against Louis is DEATH." + +****** + +THE APPEAL OF LOUIS XVI. + +"I OWE it to my honour, I owe it to my family, not to subscribe to an +"accusation which I have not merited. I declare therefore, that I +"bring an appeal to the nation at large from the judgment passed +"against me; and I give to my defenders all necessary powers, in +"order that this present appeal may be inserted in the Journals of +"the Convention." + +Refused! + + +_The_ ADDRESS _of Mons_. DE SEZE, _one of the defenders of the King_, +_to the Convention_. + + "THE ratification by the French people, which Louis demands, +"is the exercise of a natural and sacred right which belongs to +"every person accused; it is the right of every man, and +"consequently of Louis. If we did not prefer this claim in his +"defence, it was because it was not in our power to foresee that the +"National Convention would resolve upon judging him; or, if it did +"judge him, that it would condemn him. We now learn, that the fatal +"decree, which condemns Louis to death, has been carried by a +"majority of five votes only. Permit me, Citizens, to represent to +"you, in the name of humanity, in the name of that sacred principle +"which calls for every mitigation in favour of the accused, that this +"circumstance, so very extraordinary, may well engage you +"voluntarily to accede to the proposed ratification. I demand it in +"the name of justice, in the name of our country, in the name of +"humanity. Exercise your own high powers; but do not astonish France +"by the exhibition of a judgment that must appear terrible, when the +"surprising minority comes to be considered. + + "Citizens, permit me to adjure you once more in the name of +"Louis XVI. and to conclude with suggesting to you, whether, whilst +"you are contending for the security of the nation, and its real +"interest, you will not tremble, when you reflect, that the safety of +"the republic, the Security of the French empire, and the happiness +"of 25 millions of people, may possibly depend upon five votes." + +****** + +FOURTH APPEL NOMINAL. + + + THE object of this fourth appeal was to know whether the +execution of Louis might be deferred; 310 were for respite, and 380 +against it. Thus, by a majority of 70 votes, it was decreed, that +the sentence against Louis XVI. should be executed without delay. + +****** + +THE EXECUTION OF LOUIS XVI. + +21st JANUARY, 1793. + + THE minister of justice and the heads of the administrative +corps, having proceeded to the Temple on Sunday the 20th of January, +about four in the evening, notified to Louis the warrant for his +execution. "I demand," said the King, "a respite of three days to +"prepare myself for appearing before God. To assist me in this work, +"I desire to have Mr. Edgeworth, (an Irish clergyman) with whom I may +"freely communicate. I desire that he may be secured from all +"uneasiness, or apprehension, on account of this charitable office +"which he shall perform for me. I desire to be relieved from that +"perpetual watch which the council-general has set over me for some +"days. I demand in this interval the privilege of seeing my family +"when I shall desire it, and without witnesses. I could also wish, +"that the Convention would, as speedily as may be, set about +"determining the fate of my family, and permit them to see each other +"freely and commodiously, when they shall think proper. + + "I recommend to the liberality of the nation all those persons who +"have been attached to me. Among my pensioners there are many aged +"men, women, and children, who have no other means of subsistence." + + Of all there requisitions Louis obtained only that of seeing his +family without witnesses. It was the first time since his +imprisonment. The interview lasted two hours. It is impossible to +express the horror of the moment, when he was obliged to tear himself +away from them. On his return to his apartment, the King passed a +almost the whole of the night in prayer. He then laid down and slept +a few hours, and early in the morning betook himself again to prayer. + + The 21st of January, at half past eight o'clock, Santerre, the +commandant-general, came to signify to Louis the order for his going +to execution. Having requested three minutes to speak with his +confessor, he then turned to Santerre, and told him that he was ready +to follow him. + + The King crossed the first court of the Temple on foot; he then +entered the coach of Pethion, the mayor of Paris, with his Confessor +and two Gendarmes. His route lay along, the Boulevards, which were +lined with above two hundred thousand men in arms. All the way Louis +was deeply engaged in reading the prayers appointed for persons at +the point of death. + + Being, arrived at the _Place de Louis XV._ which was the place of +execution, about ten o'clock in the morning, he alighted from the +carriage with calmness, took off his clothes himself, remaining in +his white under-waistcoat, untied his cravat, and opened the collar +of his shirt; he then threw himself upon his knees to receive the +last benediction of his Confessor, got up immediately after, and +ascended the scaffold alone. At that moment his Confessor cried out +to him, "Son of St. Louis, you are going up to Heaven!" [Footnote; +Other accounts state, that it was when the King had just prepared +himself for the stroke of the fatal instrument, that Mons. Edgeworth, +his confessor, called out (in the imperative) with a loud voice, +"Enfant de Saint Louis, montez au Ciel." "Son of St. Louis, mount up +"to Heaven."] + +Far from opposing those who came to cut off his hair, and bind his +hands, " Do with me," said he, "what you will, it is the last +"sacrifice." He then made a motion with his hand to obtain +"silence.--"I die perfectly innocent of all the pretended crimes laid +"to my charge--I forgive all those who have had any hand in my +"misfortunes, and I pray that my blood may be of use in restoring +"happiness to France--and you, unhappy people!" ...... + + At these words, the unfeeling Santerre gave orders that the drums +should beat, crying out to the King, "that he had not brought him +"there to declaim, but to die." At that instant his head was severed +from his body! ...... + + The corpse was immediately conveyed to the Magdalene +burying-ground, and thrown into a pit twelve feet deep, into which a +considerable quantity of quicklime was cast. + + It is said, that after crying out, "_Vive la Nation!_" +"_Vive la Republique!_" some volunteers dipped their pikes, and +others their handkerchiefs, in the blood of the victim. One person +alone had the courage to cry out, _Grace_, and was instantly cut down +with a sabre. + + Thus died Louis XVI. King of France and Navarre. He was born the +23d of August, 1754, ascended the throne the 10th of May, 1774, and +reigned eighteen years and three months. + +****** + + The following dates relative to the destiny of this prince have +been brought together and contrasted. + + 21st April, 1770, Marriage of Louis at Vienna, and delivery of the +ring. + + 21st June, 1770, Great rejoicings at Paris on account of his +marriage. + + 21st January, 1772, Festival doings in the city on account of the +birth of the first Dauphin. + + 21st June, 1791, The King's departure, or rather flight to +Varennes. + + 21st September, 1792, Abolition of Royalty. + + 21st January, 1793, Louis beheaded. + +****** + +THE LAST WILL OF LOUIS XV1. + + IN the name of the most holy Trinity, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, +this day, the 25th of December, 1792, I, Louis XVI. by name, King of +France, having been four months shut up with my family in the Tower +of the Temple, at Paris, by those who were my _subjects_, and +deprived of all communication whatever, even, since the 11th of this +month, with my family; being moreover involved in a trial, of which +it is impossible to foresee the issue, on account of the passions of +men, and for which there is no pretence nor motive in any existing +law, having none but God for witness to my thoughts, and to whom I +can address myself, I here declare, in his presence, my last will and +sentiments. + + I leave my soul to GOD my creator; I beseech him to receive it in +his mercy; not to judge it according to its merits, but to those of +our Lord Jesus Christ, who offered himself as a sacrifice to GOD his +Father for us men, unworthy of it as we are, and I more than any. + + I die in the faith of our holy mother the catholic, apostolic, and +Roman Church, which derives her powers in an uninterrupted succession +from St. Peter, to whom Jesus Christ had entrusted them; I firmly +believe and acknowledge all that is contained in the apostles' +creed, the commandments of God, and of the church; the sacraments and +mysteries, such the Catholic Church teaches, and has always taught +them; I never pretended, to be a judge of the different modes of +explaining the dogmas which divide the church of Jesus Christ; but I +have always trusted, and shall always trust, if God grants me life, +to the decisions that the ecclesiastical superiors, together with the +holy catholic church, give and shall give, according to the +discipline of the church since Jesus Christ. I pity with all my +heart our brethren who may be in error, but I do not pretend to judge +them; nor do I love them the less in Jesus Christ, according to what +christian charity teaches us, and I pray God to forgive me all my +sins: I have scrupulously sought to know them, to detest them, and to +humble myself in his presence. Not being permitted to make use of +the ministry of a catholic priest, I pray God to receive the +confession which I have made to him of them; and above all, my +sincere repentance for having put my name (though against my will) to +acts that may be contrary to the discipline and faith of the catholic +church, to which I have always been sincerely and faithfully united. +I pray God to accept my firm resolution, if he grants me life, to +make use as soon as possible of the ministry of a catholic priest, +that I may accuse myself of all my sins, and receive the sacrament of +penance. I beseech all those whom I may have inadvertently offended, +(for I do not remember to have knowingly given offence to any person) +and those to whom I may have given bad examples, or caused scandal, +to forgive the injuries they think I may have done them. + + I implore all charitable persons to join their prayers to mine, to +obtain from God the pardon of my sins; I, with all my heart, forgive +those who are become my enemies, although I have not given them any +reason to be so; and I beseech God to forgive them, as well as those +who, through a false or mistaken zeal, have brought many misfortunes +on me. + + I recommend to God, my wife and children; my sisters, my aunts, my +brothers, and all those who are attached to me, either by the ties of +blood, or in any other way whatever. I particularly beseech God to +cast a merciful eye on my wife, my children, and my sister, who have +long suffered with me, to support them by his grace, if they should +happen to lose me, and as long as they remain in this perishable +world. + + I recommend my children to my wife; I never doubted her maternal +tenderness for them. I above all recommend to her to make them good +christians, and honest people; to make them consider the grandeurs of +this world (if they be condemned to possess them) only as dangerous +and perishable possessions, and to direct their attention to +Eternity, the only solid and durable glory. I beg of my sister to +continue her tenderness to my children, and to be a mother to them, +if they should have the misfortune of losing her who is such. + + I intreat my wife to forgive me all the afflictions she suffers +for my sake, and the sorrows I may have given her in the course of +our union; as she may be certain that I have no fault to find with +her, even where she may think she has cause to reproach herself. + + I earnestly recommend to my children, after what they owe to God, +(which is the first of all duties) to live always in harmony with one +another, to be submissive and obedient to their mother, and grateful +to her for all the care and trouble she takes for them out of regard +to my memory. I desire them to consider my sister as their second +mother. + + I recommend to my Son, if he has the misfortune to become King, to +remember that he owes himself entirely to his fellow citizens; that +he must forget all hatred and resentment, and particularly all that +relates to the misfortunes and afflictions that I endure; that he can +only make the people happy by reigning according to the laws, but at +the same time, that a King cannot make himself respected, and do all +the good he wishes, without having the necessary authority; and that +otherwise, being restrained in his operations, and not inspiring +respect, he is rather hurtful than useful. + + I recommend to my son to take as much care of all those persons +who were attached to me, as the circumstances he may be in will allow +him; to recollect that it is a sacred debt which I have contracted +towards the children or the relations of those who have died for me, +and those who suffer for my sake. I know that there are several +persons among those who ought to have been attached to me, who have +not acted towards me as they ought, and have even been ungrateful +towards me; but I forgive them, (often in time of trouble and +confusion, men are not masters of themselves) and I beg my son, if he +finds the opportunity, to think only of their misfortunes. + + I wish I could here give a testimony of my gratitude to those who +have shown a true and disinterested affection for me. If, on the one +hand, I have been sensibly affected with the ingratitude and +disloyalty of those, to whom I had shewn at all times only kindness +to them, their relations, or friends; on the other hand, I have had +the consolation to receive proofs of disinterested affection and +regard from several others. I beg them to accept my best thanks. + + In the present state of things, I should fear to expose them if I +spoke more explicitly; but I particularly recommend to my son to +embrace every opportunity of discovering them. + + Nevertheless, I think I should wrong the national feeling, if I +were not openly to recommend to my son Messieurs De Chamilly and Hue, +whose sincere affection for me induced them to shut themselves up +with me in this melancholy abode, and who ran the risque (sic) of +being the unfortunate victims of their attachment. I also recommend +Cleri, with whose attentions I have had all reasons to be satisfied +ever since he has been with me. As he is the person who has remained +with me to the last, I request Messieurs de la Commune to give him my +clothes, my books, and the other trifles which have been deposited at +the Council of the Commune. + + I also very willingly forgive those who guarded me, for their ill +treatment, and the constraint which they thought necessary to keep me +under. I have found some feeling and compassionate minds; may they +enjoy in their hearts the pleasure that their turn of thinking must +afford them. + + I request Messieurs De Malsherbes, Tronchet, and De Seze, to +receive my best thanks, and assurances of my gratitude for all the +care and attention they have shown me. + + I conclude with declaring before GOD, being ready to appear before +him, that I cannot reproach myself with any of those crimes that have +been laid to my charge. + + Made and copied in the Tower of the Temple, the 25th of December, +1792. + + (Signed) LOUIS. + + And undersigned BEAUDRAIS, Municipal Officer. + +****** + +A LIST +OF MANY OF THE +MOST CONSIDERABLE SUFFERERS +UNDER THE +FRENCH REVOLUTION + +Note. The letter R at the head of a name Signifies Revolutionary; +D means doubtful, i.e. a character not fully known; L signifies +Loyalist, and an innocent victim. The letters at the end of a name +signify A assassinated; I imprisoned; G guillotined; M massacred; +P proscribed; S suicide. + +L De Favras, knight of the order of St. Louis G +R De Clermont-Tonnere, marèschal of France, ex-constituent; that + is, member of the first national assembly M +L De Clermont-d'Amboise, cordon bleu; i.e. knight of the Holy + Ghost G +L D'Halouville, sub-governor of the dauphin M +L Le Vicomte de Maillè, marèschal-de-camp M +R Le Due de la Rochefoucault, ex-constituent M +L Le Vicomte de Broves, colonel, ex-constituent M +L The celebrated Durosoy, compiler of the Paris Gazette G +L Delaporte, intendant of the civil list G +L L'Abbè Rastignac, an author and ex-constituent M +L L'Abbè Lenfant, preacher to the King M +L The prisoners of the Convent des Carmes, to the number of 140 M +L The prisoners of l'Abbaye St. Germain, to the number of 162 M +L The prisoners in seminary of St. Fermin, to the number of 92 M +D The prisoners in the Hotel de la Force, 167 M +D The prisoners of the Grand Chatelet, 214 M +D The prisoners in the Conciergerie, 85 M +D The prisoners of the Castle of Bicêtre, 153 M +L The prisoners of the Cloister of the Bernardins, 73 M +L The prisoners from Orleans butchered at Versailles, 57 M +L Le Comte de Montmorin, minister and secretary of state M +L Dulau, Archbishop of Arles M +L De la Rochefoucault, bishop of Beauvais M +L De la Rochefoucault, bishop of Saintes M +L L'Abbè de Puysegur, vicar-general of Rheims M +L De la Mothe, body-guard of the Count D'Artois M +L The Princess de Lamballe M +L The Marquis de Montmorin, governor of Fontainebleau M +L Delessart, minister and secretary of state M +L The Duke de Brissac, marèchal de France M +L The bishop of Mendes M +R Mounier, president of the constituent assembly P +R The two brothers Lameth, ex-constituents P +R All the members _du cotè gauche_ of the first assembly, i.e. + those who were originally for the revolution, and distinguished + themselves by sitting on the left side of the hall P + Louis XVI. the object of lamentation to every true Frenchman G +R Basseville, agent of the republic at Rome M +R General Marquis de la Fayette, ex-constituent I +R General Winphen, ex-constituent P +L The Marquis d'Angremont G +L De Blackmann, major of the Swiss guards G +L De Cazotte, a man of letters, upwards of 80 years of age G +R General Montesquieu, ex-constituent P +R The celebrated Count Mirabeau, expelled from the pantheon. + (Depantheonisè.) +R Chabroud, advocate to the Duke of Orleans, ex-constituent P +D Le Comte de Tally Tollendal, ex-constituent P +D Le Comte de Cazalès, ex-constituent P +D Baron de Beaumarchais, author of Figaro P +L D'Abancourt, minister of war M +R Duperron, administrator of police M +L Thierry, principal valet de chambre of the King M +L Chantraine, master of the wardrobe to the King M +D De Rhuliers, commandant of the household cavalry, (la + gendarmerie a cheval) M +L Dom. Chevreux, general of the benedictines M +L De St. Palaye, counsellor (sic) of the chamber of accompts M +L Maussabrê, aide-du-camp to the Duke de Brissac M +R Desmarais, chief in the office of assignats M +R Amelot, director of the Caisse de l'Extra-ordinaire M +R Garat, cashier of the public treasure M +L Hèbert, general of the Eudists, (a monastic order) and confessor + to the King M +L Deprès, vicar-general of Paris M +L Langlade, vicar-general of Rouen M +L Bonneau, vicar-general of Lyons M +L Defoucault, vicar-general of Arles M +L Defargue vicar-general of Toulon M +L Delubersac, almoner to the King's sisters M +L Turmenyes, grand master of Navarre M +L Comte de St. Mart, colonel M +L Dewittgestein, lieutenant-general and cordon rouge, _i.e._ + commander of the order of St. Louis M +L The Abbè de Boisgelin, agent-general of the clergy of France M +L Thirty Swiss officers M +L De Rohan Chabot, brother of the Prince of Lèon M +L Dechamplost, principal valet de chambre of the King M +L Thirty officers of the King's guards M +D Romainvilliers, chef de division M +L Decharnois, a man of letters M +D Delachesnaye, chef de division M +R General Dumourier P +R De Bournonville, minister of war I +R General Dillon M +R The two sons of the Duke of Orleans P +L De Blanchelande, governor of St. Domingo G +R De Perigord, bishop of Autun, first author of the schism in + France P +R Charlotte Corday, who assassinated Marat G +R General Paoli, of Corsica P +R General Custine, ex-constituent G +R The intruding bishop of Ausch P +R General Guetineau G +R General Servan P +R General Biron G +L Marie Antoinette, Queen of France G +R The Duke of Orleans, called Egalitè G +R Bailly, ex-constituent and first mayor of G +R Roland minister of justice at the time of the King's trial S +R Madame Roland, his wife G +L Duchesne, intendant of Madame G +R General Houchard G +R General Roulè G +L Gilbert Desvoisins, president of the parliament of Paris G +R Ysambert, brigadier-general of the republican army G +D The two brothers Raba, Jews of Bourdeaux, worth a million G +D The mother-in-law, of Pethion, the mayor of Paris G +R General Brunet G +L Delaverdy, comptroller-general of the finances G +L About thirty thousand French gentlemen emigrated. +L Near sixty thousand ecclesiastics transported out of France +R General la Morliere G +L De Bèrulle, first president of the parliament of Grenoble G +D Harrop of London, a merchant in Paris G +R Barnave, advocate, ex-constituent G +R Duport-dutertre, ex-minister of justice G +R Emmery, president at the time of administering the oath; a jew G +L The Countess du Barry, mistress of Louis XV. G +D The Duke du Chatelet, colonel of the French guards G +R Le Brun, ex-minister of the home department G +D Dietrick, mayor of Strasbourg G +R General Arthur Dillon G +R General Beauregard P +R Garat, minister of the republic G +R Champfort, of the French academy S +R Hydius, deputé suppleant, _i.e._ one chosen to supply a vacancy S +R Clavieres, minister of public contributions S +R Luckner, revolutionary marshal of France G +D The son of General Custine, aged 25 years G +R General Stengel P +R Delomenie, archbishop of Sens, _decardinalisè_, degraded from + the dignity of cardinal S +L De Champenetre, an officer of the French guards G +R General Ferriere P +D Jolly, ex-minister of finances P +L Boucher d'Argis, lieutenant criminel (sic) Chatelet de Paris G +R General la Vallette P +R General 0-moran P +R General Beauharnois P +R General Ferrand P +R General Landremont P +R General Schomberg G +R General Beysser G +R General Hedonville P +R General Dumesnil P +R General Demars P +R General Barthelemy P +R General Protaux M +L Clery, a person in the King's confidence I +R Anacharsis Cloots, called the orator of mankind G +R Chauvelin, ambassador in England P +R General Duhoux P +L Some thousands of victims at Lyons G +L Similar victims in thousands at Toulon G +L The Countess of Lauraguais G +L The Count of Troussebois, lieutenant-colonel G +L The Prince Jules de Rohan I +L The Duke and Duchess of Luynes I +L The Duchess of Montmorency I +R General Le Tanducre I +R General D'Ortoman I +L De Levis, marshal of France I +L The Prince Charles of Hesse D'Armstadt I +L Gueau de Reverseau, intendant of the finances G +R The Countess de Genlis P +R General Westermann G +L The Duchess of Richlieu I +L Duchaffaud, lieutenant-general of the naval forces M +R La Mourette, intruding bishop of Lyons G +L Maussion intendant of Rouen G +L The Countess de la Rochefoucault G +R Chapelier, advocate at Rennes, ex-constituent G +R Viscount de la Roque G +L Count de Chateau-vieux, cordon-rouge G +R Charrier de la Roche, intruding bishop of Rouen G +R De Quincon, ex-constituent G +R Buffet, ex-constituent G +R Perisse du Luc, ex-constituent G +L The Princess of Monaco I +L Countess of Choiseul I +R General Carteaux I +D Count de Choiseul la Baume I +L Marquis of Briant, lieutenant-general in the King's army I +L Le Marquis de Pujet G +R Hèbert, national agent G +R Roncin, commander of the revolutionary army G +R Montmoro, administrator of the department of Paris G +R Dubuisson, commissary of the executive power G +L Comte de Balleroy, lieutenant-general G +R Gouttes, intruding bishop of Autun G +L De Champcenetz, governor of the Tuilleries I +R Antonelle, mayor of Arles, ex-constituent I +R General Santerre I +R Deforgues, minister of the republic I +R The Abbè d'Espagnac G +L De Chamberon, carmelite of St. Denis G +L Dom. Courtin, superior general of Clugny G +L De Tourzell governess of the royal children I +L De Tourzel, the son and daughter of the foregoing I +L Le Comte de Querhoent, marechal du camp G +L De Vergennes, formerly minister of foreign affairs I +L De Vergennes, his son I +L La Tour du Pin, formerly minister at war I +L Madame Chauvelin de la Bourdonnois I +L The Duchess de Charost I +R Clavieres, brother of the ex-minister I +L Pelletier de Rosambeau, president of the parliament of Paris G +L Devendeuil, director of the India Company I +L Delahaye, farmer-general G +L The Abbè Maury, brother of the cardinal of that name G +L The Countess de Suffren I +L The Count de Raincourt, lieut.-general I +R Thouret, advocate of Rouen, ex-constituent G +L The Marquis Delamotte-Senoux G +L The Marquis de St. Germain d'Apehon, colonel G +R Parè, ex-minister of the home-department I +R Gobet, intruding bishop of Paris G +R Chaumette, procureur of la commune de Paris G +R The wife of Camile Desmoulins, the journalist G +R The wife of Montmoro, the first goddess of reason G +R The wife of Hébert, national agent G +R Grammont, comedian and adjutant in the army G +R Lacroix, commissary of the executive power G +R Chevalier de St. Huruge, a flaming revolutionist I +L Count D'Aubusson, cordon rouge I +R Van Eupen, a Brabanter G +L De Sarron, De Gourgues, De Champlatreux and D'Ormessen, all + four presidents of the parliament of Paris G +L The Marquis de la Roche Lambert I +L Madame de Choiseul-Meuse I +L De la Borde, banker to the court G +R General Hoche I +R The Duke de Bethune Charost G +L De Beausset, lawful bishop of Alais I +R Selle, inspector-general of the military effects of the army G +L The, Countess de Montmorin I +R General Ramel G +R Vincent, national agent G +L De Cheville, intendant d'Orleans I +L Duval D'Esprèmenil, counsellor of the parliament of Paris and + ex-constituent G +L Madame Joly de Fleury, lady of the advocate-general G +L De Malsherbe, counsellor of state and one of the defenders of + Louis G +L Mademoiselle de Malsherbe G +L Marquis de Chateau Briant G +L The Marchioness de Chateau Briant G +L Duchess du Chatelet G +L Duchess de Grammont G +L Anisson du Perron, printer to the King G +L Mademoiselle de Bethissy, 17 years of age I +D The wife of General Schomberg I +R The father of General Santerre I +L The Duke de Villeroy, first captain of the body-guards G +R Count D'Estaing, vice-admiral of France G +L Count de la Tour du Pin, lieut.-general G +R Count de Bethune Charost G +D Count du Prat, colonel G +L De Crosne, intendant of Rouen, and formerly lieutenant of police + at Paris G +L De Nicolai, president of the grand council G +L Angran, lieutenant civil de Paris G +L The Countess du Bussy G +L Terray, intendant de Lyon G +L Madame Terray, his lady G +R Coffinel, solicitor of the Queen's trial, and judge of the + revolutionary tribunal G +L Troussebois de Bellesise, a canoness, aged 81 years G +R Jourdan, of Avignon, surnamed Coupe-tete G +R Grouvelle, agent for Denmark, and registrar of the convention at + the time of the King's death P +R Le Flotte, minister of the republic I +R Du Fourney, a furious jacobin P +L Marquis de Choiseul la Baum, and his steward G +L De Willerval, knight of St. Louis G +D Count de Levis, colonel, ex-constituent G +R Picquet, aide-de-camp to General La Fayette G +D The two Tassins, famous bankers in Paris G +L Count de Sombreuil, governor of the invalids, and his son G +L The Prince de Rohan Rochefort I +D The Comte de Laval Montmorency I +R Servaux, agent to the committee of general safety I +D Musquinet de la Fage G +L Gattey, bookseller in Paris G +D De Tolozan, general of brigade I +L Thorin de la Thane, captain in the Swiss guards I +L Gigot Boisbernier, canon of Sens I +L Ariaque de Guybeville, honorary president of the parliament of + Paris G +L Gougenet, governor of the India company G +L Du Chillan, marèchal du camp G +L Le Noir, formerly lieutenant de police in Paris G +R La Ville, member of the revolutionary committee G +R La Peize, member of the revolutionary committee G +L Duport, counsellor of the parliament of Paris G +L Camus de la Ribourgere G +L The president Roland G +L The president Hocquart G +L The Count de Blin G +L Le pere D'Anquetil, an author I +R Schneider, public accuser at Strasburgh G +R General Chapuis I +L De Pommeuse, counsellor of the great chamber G +R General Goguet M +R The brother of Hebert, national agent I +R The two brothers of the ex-minister Du-Portail G +L The Marquis de Jancourt, ex-constituent G +D Almost all the farmers general G + Madame Elizabeth of France, sister of Louis XVI. G +L The Count de Sourdeval G +D The Count Lomenie de Brienne, minister of war G +R De Lomenie, coadjutor of Sens G +R Chevalier de Lomenie G +D Le Comte de Lomenie, colonel G +L De Serilly, treasurer at war G +L De Serilly, major of Swiss guards G +L Chambertrand, dean and vicar-general of Sens G +L The Marchioness de l'Aigle G +L The Marchioness de Senozan G +L The Marchioness de Crussot d'Amboise G +L The Countess de Montmorin G +L The Countess de Rossay G +L Madame de Serilly, aged 31 G +L A great number of religieuses, (nuns) G +R Pache, mayor of Paris I +R Ansi, ex-legislator I +L De Beauvilliers, and his wife I +R L'Huillier, national agent S +L The Count de Lastie I +R The brother of General Santerre I +R Moreau, adjutant of the army G +D De Marguerite, mayor of Nismes, ex-constituent G +R General Haxo S +R General Moulin S +L Brillon de St. Cyr, maitre des comptes G +L Beller, auditor of accounts G +R General Charbonnier I +D Count de Levis Mirepoix, ex-constituent G +L De Vigneron, president of the parliament of Nancy G +R Donadieu, general of brigade G +L The Marquis d'Apremont G +D The Marquis de Bieville, and his son G +L The Marquis de Trans G +L The Viscount de la Vallette G +D William Newton, an Englishman G +D The Baron de Marguerite G +L Fourteen members of the parliament of Toulouse G +L The Prince de Rohan Rochefort G +D The Count de Laval Montmorency G +D The Count de Pons G +L De Sartine, son of the heretofore minister of state G +L Madame de St. Amaranthe G +L The Prince de St. Maurice G +L The Viscount de Boissancourt G +L The widow of Mons. D'Esprèmènil G +R Michonis, municipal officer of Paris G +L The Count de Mesnil G +D Defreteau, counsellor of the parliament of Paris, + ex-constituent G +R Dom. Gerle, a Carthusian, ex-constituent I +R Quevremont, physician to Egalitè I +D The Marquis de Chassenet I +R The wife, the daughter, and the son-in-law of the mayor Pache I +R Ginguenet, a patriotic poet I +L De Rosset, count de Fleury G +L The Abbè Tremouille, grand dean of Strasbourg G +L The Count de Gamaches, standard-bearer of the horse-guards G +L De Briffeuil, ecclesiastical counsellor of the great chamber of + Paris G +L Le Brasseur, formerly intendant of the marine G +L Eleven new members of the parliament of Toulouse G +L Peruchot, directeur des fermes G +L De Varennes, formerly major of infantry G +R The celebrated advocate Linguet G +L Twenty-two young ladies, from 17 to 25 years of age G +L De Mouchy, marshal of France G +L The lady of the Marshal de Mouchy G +L The lady of the Marshal de Biron G +D The widow of the General Biron G +R Victor de Broglie, ex-constituent G +L De St. Priest brother of the heretofore minister G +R Phillippe, a deputy supplèant I +L The Count de Polastron G +L The Marquis de la Guiche I +L Lambert, formerly comptroller-general of the finances G +L Chamilly, valet de chambre to the King G +L Madame du Portal, abbess of Joui G +L The Marquis de St. Didier G +R Two of the legionary chiefs of the national guard G +L Pichard, president of Bourdeaux G +L Vicq. D'Asyr, a celebrated physician at Paris G +R D'Aoust, De Lattre and Du Verger, three generals of the + republican army G +L The Abbè de Salignac de Fenèlon, aged 85 years G +L De Fenèlon, son of the ambassador at the Hague G +L De Bacquencourt, counsellor of state G +L The duke de Gesvres, cordon bleu G +L The Prince d'Henin, captain of the guards of the Count d'Artois G +L De Nicolas, president of the chamber of accounts G +L Ysabeau de Mouvel, registrar of the parliament G +L De la Baume, marechal du camp G +L De Boisgelin, marechal du camp G +L Ten young women not more than twenty years of age G +L Two young men of 14 and 17 years (fate not stated-Editor) +L The Marquis de la Roche du Maine G +L De Giac, maitre de requètes G +L The Count de Chastenier G +L Debesse, bailly de Malthe G +L From the 5th to the 10th Of July, 1794 are reckoned 295 persons G +L The Viscount de Damas, and his son G +L De Verdieres, general-officer G +L De L'Aupespine, canon of St. Claud G +L Random de la Tour, treasurer of the King's household G +L De Boisgelin, cordon bleu, and his wife G +L The Abbè Royer, counsellor of state G +L The Abbè Radix, counsellor in the parliament of Paris G +L Geoffroi D'Assy, cashier of the general receipts G +L De Pènant, president of the chamber of accounts G +L De Pènant, president of the court of Aides, and his son G +L Dom. Nonan, prior of the Carthusians at Paris G +L The Chevalier de Puyvert, officer of the navy G +L The son of the immortal Buffon G +L Macdonald, colonel of the regiment de Foix G +L Rapin Thoyras, captain of artillery G +L De Montarly, captain of infantry G +L Clermont, mayor of Salines, ex-constituent G +R Marcandier, journalist of Paris G +R La Croix, member of the committee de Surveillance G +D Imbert, officer of the Marêchausseè G +L Le Comte de Faudoas, captain of cavalry G +L The daughter of the above, aged eighteen years G +L Souchet d'Alvinant, governor of the King's pages G +L Rousseau, fencing-master to the royal children G +L Huet d'Ambrun, maitre de requètes' G +L La Chapelle, commissary of the King's houshold (sic) G +L Sixteen Carmelites of Compeigne (sic) G +L Conin de St. Luc, president of the parliament of Bretagne G +R Legris, registrar of the revolutionary tribunal G +L De Blancheland, son of the governor of St. Domingo, aged + 20 years G +L The lady of the Marshal de Noailles, aged 70 years G +L The lady of Viscount de Noailles, aged 35 G +L The Dutchess d'Ayen, aged 57 years G +L De Talaru, cordon rouge G +L The Marquis de la Roche Lambert G +L Boutin, formerly treasurer of the navy G +L La Borde, farmer-general G +L Lassond des Essarts, chef d'escadron G +R General de Flers G +R Gossin, ex-constituent G +D The Marchioness de la Fayette I +L The Baron St. Ouin G +L Perrot, president of la Cour des Aides G +L Perrot, president of the chamber of accompts G +L De la Morelle, president of the great council G +L The son of Morelle, aged 18 years G +L Papillon de la Fertè, comptroller of the privy-purse G +L Count de Hauteford G +L De Carboniere, canon and count of St. Claude G +L Madame de Montmorency, abbess of Montmartre G +L The lady of Marshal de Levis G +L Marquis d'Harbouville G +L The Baroness d'Hinnisdal G +L Tardien-Malessy, marèschal de camp G +L The Countess des Vieux G +L The wife and daughter of Marèschal Tardien Malessy G +L The Baron de Blaizel G +L D'Ornano, marèschal de camp G +D De Nicolai, son of the president, aged 24 years G +L Moreau, architect of the city of Paris G +L Melin, formerly clerk of the war-office G +L Geoffrey d'Assy cashier-general of the finances G +L De la Chalotais, procureur-general of the parliament of Rennes G +L The Count de Menil-durand G +L De Pernot, marèschal de camp, aged 80 G +L Durand de Bignel, colonel of 100 Swiss G +L The son of the Viscount de Millé G +L Count D'Ailly G +L De Champagney, colonel of the regiment de Flandres G +L De Goudrecourt, lieutenant of the King's guard G +D Edelman, a celebrated musician G +L An hundred and fifty-one persons at Rennes G +R The Deputy Le Bas G +L The Count de Forestier G +L The Viscount de Gavrey G +L The Prince de Mont-Bason de Rohan G +R Gouy d'Arcy, ex-noble, ex-constituent G +R Du Salm Kirbourgh, sovereign prince in Germany G +R General Beauharnois G +L Baron Trenck G +R Chenier, author of the tragedy of Cha. IX. G +L The Marquis de Montalambert G +D Crequi de Montmorency G +D The Duke de Clermont-Tonnere G +L The Marquis de Crussol d'Amboise G +L The Countess d'Ossun G +L De St. Simon, bishop of Agde G +L The Count de Thiars G +L The Countess de Narbonne Pellet G +L The Princess Grimaldi-Monaco G +L The Marquis d'Usson G +L The two Trudaines, counsellors of the parliament of Paris G +L The Countess de Perigord G +L The lady of the Marèschal D'Armentieres G +L The Comte de Soyecourt G +L The Princess de Chimay G +L The Marquis de Carcado G +R Hauriot and La Vallette, commandants of the armed force at Paris G +L The Duke of St. Aignan G +L The Duchess of St. Aignan G +R Dumas, president of the revolutionary tribunal G +R Lescot-Fleuriot, mayor of Paris G +R Payan, president of the commune de Paris G +R Vivier, criminal judge, and president of the jacobinS G +R Simon, a Shoemaker, preceptor to Louis XVII. G +R Eighty municipal officers of Paris G +R One deputy, a commissioner with the army G +R One patriotic general officer G +R Maximilien Robespierre, advocate of Arras, ex-constituent, and + member of the convention, who enjoyed for a long time the + absolute power of a dictator, aged 35 years G +R George Couthon, advocate of Clermont, and member of the + convention, aged 38 years G +R De St. Just, ex-noble, member of the convention, aged 26 years G +R Robespierre, the younger, advocate of Arras, and member of the + convention, aged 27 years G +R Le Mounier, one of the principal actors in the massacre Of 2d of + September, 1792 G +R The Baron de la Tude G +L The Prince de Talmont G +R General La Poype P +L De Sablonnay, marèchal de camp G +L The Viscount de Meleur G +L Le Baron de Clermont-Tonnere G +L The son of General Precy G +R Coffinel, judge of the revolutionary tribunal G +R Fouquier Tinville, public accuser G +R Le Bon, deputy of the convention G +L The Marquis de Beauvoir G +R Guillotin, ex-constituent G +R De la Harpe, literateur I +R L'Abbè de Lille I +R Van-Eupen, Brabançon G +R General Turreau P +R Carrier, deputy of the convention G +R 106 Jacobins of Marseilles G +R General Dugommier M +R Bouchotte, war minister I +R Trial, comedian G +R General Polier M + Admiral Martin G +R 130 Jacobins of Lyons M +R Goujon, deputy of the convention S +L La Marquis de Boisbèranger G +R Francoeur, director of the opera G +L Cazault, president of the parliament of Bourdeaux G +L Cormatin, chief of the Chouans B +L The Bishop of Dol M +L Le Chevalier de Sombreuil M +L De Tintinuiac, officer M +L Le Comte de la Villeneuve G +R The General Serrurier P +L Le Comte de Linange I +L Le Comte de Colloredo I +L Le General Stofflet M +L Le General Charrette M + +****** + +The Compiler of the foregoing Journal begs leave to acquaint the +public, that he still continues it, and that he will publish another +volume in due time, if this work should be favoured with approbation +and encouragement. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Historical Epochs of the French +Revolution, by H. Goudemetz + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EPOCHS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION *** + +***** This file should be named 16962-8.txt or 16962-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/9/6/16962/ + +Produced by Desmond Grocott + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/16962-8.zip b/16962-8.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..493533a --- /dev/null +++ b/16962-8.zip diff --git a/16962-h.zip b/16962-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..743ec27 --- /dev/null +++ b/16962-h.zip diff --git a/16962-h/16962-h.htm b/16962-h/16962-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..385ccbe --- /dev/null +++ b/16962-h/16962-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,7547 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<html lang="en"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> + +<title> + Historical Epochs of the French Revolution;, + by The Rev. Dr. Randolph. +</title> + +<style type="text/css"> + <!-- + body {background:#faebd7; text-align:justify} + P { margin:10%; + text-indent: 1em; + margin-top: .75em; + margin-bottom: .75em; } + H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6 { text-align: center; } + hr { width: 50%; } + hr.full { width: 100%; } + .foot { margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -3em; font-size: 95%; } + img {border: 0;} + HR { width: 33%; text-align: center; } + blockquote {font-size: 97%; } + .figleft {float: left; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 1%;} + .figright {float: right; margin-right: 10%; margin-left: 1%;} + .toc { margin-left: 15%; margin-bottom: 0em;} + CENTER { padding: 10px;} + PRE { font-size: 90%; margin-left: 20%;} + // --> +</style> + +</head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Historical Epochs of the French Revolution +by H. Goudemetz + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Historical Epochs of the French Revolution + With The Judgment And Execution Of Louis XVI., King Of + France; And A List Of The Members Of The National + Convention, Who Voted For And Against His Death + +Author: H. Goudemetz + +Translator: Rev. Dr. Randolph + +Release Date: October 29, 2005 [EBook #16962] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EPOCHS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION *** + + + + +Produced by Desmond Grocott + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div style="height: 8em;"><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br></div> + +<h1> + HISTORICAL EPOCHS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION; +</h1> +<h3> +WITH THE Judgment and Execution OF +</h3> +<h1> +LOUIS XVI. KING OF FRANCE; +</h1> +<h3> +AND A LIST OF THE MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, +</h3> +<h3> +Who voted FOR and AGAINST his DEATH. +</h3> +<h2> +PRICE 4s. +</h2> + + +<br /> +<hr> +<br /> + +<h3> +HISTORICAL EPOCHS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION +<br /> + +TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH OF H. GOUDEMETZ, +<br /> + +A FRENCH CLERGYMAN EMIGRANT IN ENGLAND. +</h3> + +<h2> +DEDICATED, BY PERMISSION, TO +<br /> +<br /> + +His ROYAL HIGHNESS the DUKE of YORK, +<br /> +<br /> + +BY THE REV. DR. RANDOLPH. + +</h2> + +<h4> +TO WHICH IS SUBJOINED, WITH CONSIDERABLE ADDITIONS, +<br /> + +THE THIRD EDITION OF THE<br /> + +Judgment and Execution Of +<br /> + +LOUIS XVI. KING OF FRANCE; +<br /> + +WITH A LIST OF THE MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, +<br /> + +Who voted FOR and AGAINST his DEATH; +<br /> + +AND THE NAMES OF MANY OF THE MOST CONSIDERABLE SUFFERERS IN<br /> + +THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, DISTINGUISHED ACCORDING<br /> + +TO THEIR PRINCIPLES. +</h4> +<h5> +BATH, PRINTED BY R. CRUTTWELL FOR THE AUTHOR;<br /> + +AND SOLD BY C. DILLY, POULTRY, LONDON: THE BOOKSELLERS OF BATH, &c.<br /> + +MDCCXCVI +</h5> + +<br /> +<br /> +<hr> +<br /> +<br /> + +<h2> +DEDICATION. +</h2><br /> +<br /> + +<h3> +TO HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF YORK. +</h3><br /> + +<p> +SIR, +</p> +<p> +WITH the design of serving an amiable and worthy man, I have +availed myself of your Royal Highness's permission to dedicate to you +the translation of a work, which, as a faithful narrative of events, +wants no additional comment to make it interesting. A detail of +facts, in which your Royal Highness, in behalf of your country, has +been so honourably engaged, may not prove unwelcome in aid of +recollection; and a detail of facts, built on the experimental +horrors of popular power, and which, proceeding from the wildness of +theory to the madness of practice, has swept away every vestige of +civil polity, and would soon leave neither law nor religion in the +world, cannot, either in point of instruction or warning, be +unreasonably laid before my fellow-citizens at large. +</p> +<p> +Under the sanction, therefore, Sir, of your illustrious name, I +willingly commit to them this memorial. And if an innocent victim +of oppression should thus derive a small, though painful, +subsistence from a plain and publick (sic) recital of his country's +crimes, I shall be abundantly repaid for the little share I may have +had in bringing it into notice; and by the opportunity it affords me +of subscribing myself +</p> +<p> +Your ever grateful and devoted humble servant, +</p> +<center> +FRANCIS RANDOLPH. +</center> +<p> +BATH, July 22, 1796 +</p> +<center> +****** +</center> + + + + +<br /> +<br /> +<hr> +<br /> +<br /> + +<h2>Contents</h2> +<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_PREF"> +PREFACE +</a></p> +<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_0002"> +RESULT OF THE THIRD SCRUTINY. +</a></p> +<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_0003"> +THE LAST WILL OF LOUIS XVI. +</a></p> +<p class="toc"><a href="#2H_4_0004"> +A LIST OF MANY OF THE MOST CONSIDERABLE SUFFERERS UNDER THE FRENCH REVOLUTION +</a></p> + +<br /> +<br /> +<hr> +<br /> +<br /> + +<h2>List of Illustrations</h2> + +<center> +<table summary=""> +<tr><td> + +<p class="toc"><a href="#image-0001"> +Frontispiece—artillery.jpg +</a></p> +<p class="toc"><a href="#image-0002"> +Bastille.jpg +</a></p> +<p class="toc"><a href="#image-0003"> +Execution.jpg +</a></p> + + +</td></tr> +</table> +</center> + +<br /> +<br /> +<hr> +<br /> +<br /> + + + +<a name="2H_PREF"><!-- H2 anchor --></a> + +<div style="height: 4em;"><br><br><br><br></div> + +<h2> + PREFACE +</h2> +<p> +THE following sheets contain a journal of principal events of the +French Revolution. The best authorities have been resorted to, and +the facts are related without any comment. The reader will find a +faithful outline of an interesting and momentous period of history, +and will see how naturally each error produced its corresponding +misfortune. +</p> +<p> +Various causes contributed to effect a revolution in the minds of +Frenchmen, and led the way to a revolution in the state. The +arbitrary nature of the government had been long submitted to, and +perhaps would have continued so much longer, if France had not taken +part in the American war. +</p> +<p> +The perfidious policy of VERGENNES, who, with a view of humbling the +pride of England, assisted the subject in arms against his Sovereign, +soon imported into his own nation the seeds of liberty, which it had +helped to cultivate in a country of rebellion; and the crown of +France, as I once heard it emphatically observed, was lost in the +plains of America. The soldier returned to Europe with new doctrines +instead of new discipline, and the army in general soon grew +dissatisfied with the Monarch, on account of unusual, and, as they +thought, ignominious rigours which were introduced into it from the +military school of Germany. The King also, from a necessity of +retrenchment, had induced his ministers to adopt some mistaken +measures of economy respecting the troops, and thus increased the +odium which pride had fostered, and by diminishing the splendour of +the crown, stripped it of its security and protection. +</p> +<p> +To this was added the wanton profusion of the Court in other +expenses, and the external parade and brilliancy, which, if they +impoverish, often dazzle and gratify the people, was exchanged for +familiar entertainments, which gave rise to frequent jealousies among +the nobles, and tended to lower that sense of awe and respect for +royalty among the people, which in monarchies it is of the utmost +importance to preserve. +</p> +<p> +At this time, also, philosophical discussion had reached its pinnacle +of boldness. Infidelity had woven the web of discord in the human +mind, which was now ripe for experiment, and ROUSSEAU and VOLTAIRE +were the favourite authors. +</p> +<p> +Previous to the year 1789, from the extreme disorder of the finances, +it became necessary to raise money by extraordinary taxes, which the +common powers of the parliament were deemed insufficient to +authorize; and afraid, in the present temper of the people, to impose +upon them unusual burthens, ministers looked with solicitude for +some other sanctions. +</p> +<p> +Monsieur DE CALONNE was unwilling to adopt so dangerous an expedient +as that of assembling the states-general; [Footnote: An Assembly +consisting of deputies from the three orders of citizens in France, +namely, the clergy, the nobility, and the tiers-etat; which last +included every French citizen who was not of the clergy or nobility.] +he therefore adopted the expedient of summoning an assembly of +<i>notables</i>, or eminent persons, chosen by the King from the different +parts of the kingdom. +</p> +<p> +This assembly did not prove so favourable to the measures of the +minister as he expected: Monsieur DE CALONNE was displaced, and the +assembly was soon after dissolved, having declared itself incompetent +to decide on the taxes proposed. +</p> +<p> +The King then commanded the parliament of Paris to register his +edicts for successive loans to the government; but his commands +were rejected. [Footnote: Chiefly, as it was supposed, through the +influence of the Duke of Orleans.] +</p> +<p> +In the meantime, that spirit of discussing philosophical subjects, +which we have before mentioned, now fixed itself on politics. The +people exclaimed against the weight of taxes, and the extravagance +of courtiers; they complained of peculiar exemptions from the +general burthens, and of grievances which arose from lettres-de +-cachet, and other despotic powers of the government. +</p> +<p> +The King, desirous of yielding to the wishes of the people, recalled +Monsieur NECKAR to the administration, and in conformity to his +advice, his Majesty declared his resolution of convening the +states-general. But in order to regulate all matters relative to the +meeting of this important assembly, it was resolved to convoke the +notables a second time. Among these, a diversity of opinion appeared +respecting the comparative number of deputies to be sent by the +Commons, and the two other orders; the cardinal point on which the +whole success of the revolution eventually turned. [Footnote: The +last assembly of the states-general, which had been held in France in +1614, was composed of 140 deputies from the order of the clergy, +among whom were five cardinals, seven archbishops, and 47 bishops; +132, representatives of the nobility; and 192 deputies from the +commons. The Cardinal de JOYEUSE was president of the clergy; the +Baron SENECEY of the nobility; and the president of the commons was +ROBERT MIRON, Prêvot-de-Marchands, (an officer similar to that of +mayor of Paris.)] All the classes into which the notables were +divided, decided for an equality of deputies, except those in which +MONSIEUR and the Duke of ORLEANS presided. +</p> +<p> +In these, it was agreed that the representatives of the commons +should be equal in number to those of the other two states. The +ministry were of opinion that this double representation was +adviseable (sic), and persuaded themselves that, through their weight +and influence they should be able to prevent any mischief to be +apprehended from this preponderance of the tiers-etat. By their +advice, the King issued an ordinance in January 1789, throughout the +whole kingdom, commanding the people to assemble in their bailiwicks, +and to nominate deputies to represent them in the states-general; +viz. 300 for the clergy, 300 for the nobility, and 600 for the +commons. +</p> +<center> +HAC FONTE DERIVATA CLADES. +</center> +<center> +****** +</center> +<p> +N. B. The first legislature, which was called the National Assembly, +has now the name of the "Constituent Assembly." +</p> +<p> +The second is called the "Legislative Assembly;" and the third +legislature is called "the National Convention." +</p> +<a name="image-0001"><!--IMG--></a> +<center> +<img src="images/artillery.jpg" height="502" width="835" +alt="Frontispiece--artillery.jpg +"> +</center> + +<h2> + +HISTORICAL EPOCHS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. +</h2> +<pre> + + + 1787. + <i>March</i>. THE Assembly of Notables first convened under the + ministry of Mons. de Calonne, comptroller-general + of the finances. + 1788. + <i>August</i>. Mons. Necker replaced at the head of the finances + on the dismission (sic) of Mons. de Calonne; and + Mons. de Lomenie, archbishop of Toulouse, made + prime minister. + <i>Nov</i>. Mons. Necker persuades the King to call the + Notables together a second time. + 1789. + <i>January</i>. Letters issued in the name of the King for an + assembly of the States-general. The clergy to + depute 300 representatives, the nobility the like + number, and the commons 600. + <i>May</i> 5. Opening of the States-general at Versailles. + <i>June</i> 17. The chamber of the Tiers-Etat (commons) declares + itself a national assembly. + 19. The Tiers-Etat takes the famous oath, known by the + "serment au Jeu de Paume," not to separate until + the constitution should be established. + 23. The King goes in person to the assembly—but his + presence, far from intimidating the members, + renders them so intractable that from this epoch + may be dated the first attacks upon the royal + authority. + 24. Forty-eight of the nobles, with the Duke of Orleans + at their head, unite with the tiers-etat (third + estate, or commons). + A considerable number of the clergy follow their + example. + 28. The King, from a desire of peace, requests the + whole body of nobility and clergy to unite in one + assembly with the commons; which is acceded to. + 29. Great rejoicings in Paris on account of this union. + <i>July</i> 11. The King in disgust dismisses Monsieur Necker. + 12. The Prince de Lambesc appears at the Tuilleries + with an armed party of soldiers. + 13. The city of Paris flies to arms. The Bastille is + attacked, and taken by the populace; +</pre> +<a name="image-0002"><!--IMG--></a> +<center> +<a href="images/bastille.jpg"><img alt="bastille (100K)" src="images/bastilleth.jpg" height="697" width="523" /></a> +<br /> +[Click on the image to enlarge to full size] +</center> +<br /> + +<pre> + + 14. Mons. de L'Aulnay, the governor, falls a victim to + the fury of the assailants. Bertier, intendant of + Paris; Foulon, secretary of state; and de + Flesselle, prêvot des Marchands, (somewhat like + mayor of Paris) are massacred. From, this period + the maxim was adopted, "that insurrection was the + most sacred of duties." + 15. The King goes to the assembly to confer with it + upon the disturbances of Paris. Many considerable + persons fly the country. + 16. The Marquis de la Fayette, and Monsieur Bailly, are + nominated, one to command the national guards of + Paris, the other to be mayor of Paris. + 17. In hopes of quieting the alarming tumults, the King + comes to Paris. Bailly harangues him freely at the + Hotel de la Ville, (sic) and the King receives the + three-coloured cockade. + <i>August</i> 1. Massacre of the mayor of St. Dennis. + 4. Abolition of tithes, and of all feudal rights and + privileges. + Louis is proclaimed the restorer of French liberty. + 7. The King is obliged to recall Necker. + 27. The liberty of the press is established. + <i>Sept</i>. 15. The person of the King is decreed to be inviolable; + and the crown of France hereditary and indivisible. + 29. Decreed, that it be recommended that all church + plate be brought to the mint. + <i>Oct</i>. 1. The King is forced to accept and give the sanction + of his approbation to the famous "Rights of Man." + 5. The Marquis de la Fayette at the head of 30,000 + Parisians marches to Versailles. + 6. After murdering the King's guards under the windows + of the Palace, they forcibly conduct both him and + the Queen to Paris amidst the insults of the + populace, and with great danger of their lives. + 10. Tayllerang-Perigord, bishop of Autun, proposes that + the nation should seize the property of the clergy. + 12. Decreed, that the National Assembly be removed from + Versailles to Paris. + 15. The Duke of Orleans obtains leave to go to England. + 19. The first sitting of the National Constituent + Assembly at Paris. + 21. The people of Paris hang a baker. + The Jacobin Club commenced at this time; first + known by the name of the "Club de la Propagande." + The name of Jacobins was derived from the house + where the club met, and which had belonged to the + religious order of Jacobins. + <i>Nov</i>. 22. The commune of Paris makes a patriotic gift of its + silver buckles. + A general patriotic contribution is first + requested, and afterwards forced. + <i>Dec</i>. 7. Decree upon the disturbances at Toulon. + Another for dividing France into 83 departments, 83 + tribunals, 544 civil tribunals, 548 districts, and + 43,815 municipalities. + 10. Vandernoot, and the disaffected in Brabant, write + to the King and to the National Constituent + Assembly; but their letter is returned. + 25. Mons. de Favras, knight of St. Louis, arrested. + 1790. + <i>January</i> 1. The King is stripped of most of his royal + prerogatives. + 4. The assembly desires him to fix the amount of his + civil list. + 6. The castle of Kéralier burnt by plunderers. + The three orders of the clergy, nobility, and + commons, suppressed as distinct orders of the + monarchy. + 7. Decree for the form of a civic oath to be taken by + the national guards. + 13. Decreed that Paris shall form one department. + Decree in favour of Jews; another to remove the + prejudices which are attached to the families of + criminals. + <i>Feb</i>. 1. The King, after a long speech to the assembly, + takes the civic oath, together with all the + members. + 19. De Favras executed. + 20. Death of Joseph IId. emperor of Germany. + <i>March</i>. Massacres and fires in Lower-Languedoc. + 7. Grand review of the national guards in the Elysian + fields. + The scarcity of specie induces the necessity of + issuing paper money called assignats. + 8. Decreed, that the colonies form a part of the + French empire. + 11. Insurrection at Meaux. + 12. The red-book (book of court-accounts) made + publick.(sic) + 14. Insurrection at the national theatre. + 18. Sale of the property of the church decreed, by + which the government is enabled to abolish the duty + on salt. + <i>April</i>. The Prince of Conti takes the civic oath in the + municipality of Paris. + 11. The Abbé‚ Maury and Viscount Mirabeau attacked + by the populace on coming out of the assembly. + The assembly refuses to acknowledge the Roman + Catholick (sic) religion as the religion of the + state; and this resolution is followed by + forbidding all particularity of dress or form in + ecclesiastics. + 22. General Paoli, at the head of a deputation from + Corsica, presents himself to the national assembly. + 24. Insurrection at Marseilles. + <i>May</i>. Report and decree upon the disturbances at Mount + Auban. + Monastic vows prohibited in future. + 17. Orders of knighthood and military decorations + abolished. + 22. Decreed, that the right of making peace and war + belongs to the people. + 25. The Parisians occupied with hanging several + robbers. + <i>June</i>. Public Seminaries and academies of instruction + suppressed. + 9. The King goes to the assembly, and requires 25 + millions of livres for his civil list. + 10. The Queen's dower fixed at four millions. + One million is voted for the King's brothers. + 16. Massacres and disorders at Nismes (sic). + 19. Suppression of nobility, of all titles and orders, + of armorial bearings, and of livery-servants. + <i>July</i> 3. Justices of the peace appointed throughout the + kingdom. + 14. Ceremony of a general federation, at which the King + is obliged to assist, to commemorate the destruction + of the Bastille. + Trial by jury introduced in criminal matters. + Judges to be chosen by cantons and districts; one + for the former, and five for the latter. + 26. The constituent assembly publishes a civil + constitution for the acceptance of the clergy, + which they refuse to admit. + <i>August</i>. Affair at Nancy—five regiments revolt. + Insurrection at Martinico (sic) announced. + Désilles shot at Nancy by the Swiss. + Mons. Necker, whose popularity declined, is obliged + to leave the kingdom precipitately. + The assembly, having declared the property of the + Crown to be that of the nation, grants to the King the + sum he required for his civil list. + <i>Sept</i>. Horrid massacres in the colonies. + <i>Oct</i>. 28. Fourteen castles are burned and plundered in + Dauphiny. + 30. Outrageous conduct of two regiments at Béfort. + <i>Nov</i>. 2. The clergy propose to raise four millions of livres + in their own body for the exigence of the state. + The assembly seizes the whole ecclesiastical + revenue, without any respect of persons or + property. + 13. Pillage of the house of the Marshal de Castries at + Paris. + 21. Duport-du-Terre appointed keeper of the seals. + 27. The assembly requires that every ecclesiastic, + doing duty, shall swear to maintain with all his + power and interest the constitution, and every + thing that had been or should be ordained by its + decrees. + 1791. + + <i>Jan</i>. The debts of the church decreed to be national. + The King refuses to sanction the above decrees + respecting the clergy, but is at length forced to + it by threats and terror. + 4. The clergy in the national assembly refuse to comply + with the foregoing decree, and in consequence of + their refusal a law passes that their benefices + shall be filled by such of the clergy as will take + the oaths of allegiance to the state. + Abolition of all the parliaments and sovereign + courts of France. + The Count d'Artois finds it prudent to quit the + kingdom. + Out of 138 prelates only four take the + constitutional oath, namely, the archbishop of + Sens, the bishops of Viviers, Orleans, and Autun. + The latter alone carries his apostacy (sic) so far + as to consecrate other bishops, who were presented + to the vacant sees. + Horrid treatment at Chateau-Gouthier of Mad'lle de + la Barne de Joyeuse. + 10. Decree about stamps. + 14. Decreed, that bishops and parsons shall be elected + by the people. + 23. A violent meeting at the Jacobin club. + 24. Massacres at the village de-la-Chapelle near Paris. + 26. Decree to enforce the oath by priests. + 29. Mirabeau president of the constituent national + assembly. + <i>February</i>. Deputation of Quakers to the assembly. + Decree to admit the free cultivation of tobacco. + Disorders in Le Querci. + 21. The King's aunts stopped at Arnay-le-Duc, and + forced to shew their pass, and permission to retire + to Rome. With difficulty they obtain leave to + proceed. + Insurrection at Vincennes near Paris. + <i>March</i> 4. The pope issues two letters against the + ecclesiastical constitution of France, and the + clergy who had taken the oath to it. He deprives + the archbishop of Sens, the Cardinal de Lomenie de + Brienne, of his cardinal's hat. + Massacres at St. Domingo. + 5. Indisposition of the King. + 9. Decreed, that the prisoners charged with treason + (lêze-nation) shall be conveyed to Orleans. + Gobet, a member of the assembly, appointed bishop + of Paris. + Insurrection and massacres at Douai. + 22. Decree excluding women from the regency. + 25. The majority of the Kings of France fixed at + eighteen years. + Discussion on the fate of the invalids. + Mons. de M'Nemara massacred at l'Isle-de-France. + 26. Public functionaries compelled to residence. + 28. The monarchical club at Paris attacked by the + populace with stones, and dispersed. + 29. Report upon an insurrection at Toulon. + The minister of the church of St. Sulpice, who had + not conformed to the national oath, escapes with + great difficulty from the violence of the populace. + <i>April</i> 3. The death of Mirabeau announced to the assembly: + decreed, that he shall have the honours of the + Pantheon, (formerly the beautiful church of St. + Genevieve). + 7. Decreed, that no deputy to the national assembly + shall be admissible into the ministry until four + years after the expiration of the legislature of + which he is a member. + 8. Decreed that no deputy to the assembly shall accept + any favour from the executive power for four + years. + Several nuns in Paris and elsewhere were publicly + whipped for persisting to adhere to the old forms + of worship. + 10. Insurrection at Cevennes. + Report on the insurrection of a regiment in + Languedoc. + 13. Engagement between the officers and garrison of + Weissembourg. + 14. Riot at Nantz (sic) on account of the inauguration + of the three-coloured flag. + 17. The sale of the property of the church is decreed. + 18. The King proposes to go to St. Cloud; the people + oppose and stop him. + The King complains of this violence to the + national assembly, but with little effect. + 20. Report of massacres in the county of Venaissin. + The King's ministers, through the influence or fear + of the national assembly, write to all the foreign + courts, that the King had placed himself at the + head of the revolution—from this epoch may be dated + the great emigrations of the nobility and other + considerable persons. + The Abbé Maury, the most intrepid defender of the + cause of the church and the King, retires + precipitately to Rome. + 23. Sad recital in the assembly of distresses in St. + Domingo. + 26. Assignats of five livres are issued. + 27. Massacres in the Limousin. + 28. Decreed, that soldiers may frequent jacobin + societies. + <i>May</i> 1. The barriers are thrown open—all duties in the + interior parts of the kingdom abolished. + Civil war in the Venaissin. + 3. The effigy of the pope (sic) burnt in the + Palais-Royal. + 7. Decree permitting priests, who have not conformed, + to officiate in private. + Mons. de Massei massacred at Tulle. + Decree upon the people of colour. + 19. Massacre in the Vivarais. + 26. Decreed, that the Louvre and the Tuilleries united + shall be the habitation of the King, and that all + monuments of science and art shall be collected and + kept there. + 31. Decreed, that the punishment of death shall be + inflicted without torture. From thence came the + use of the guillotine;-an instrument of death so + called from its author, a member of the national + assembly. + <i>June</i>. Letter of the Abbé Raynal to the assembly. + Persecutions against non-conforming priests. Their + tithes given to the proprietors of the estates. + 5. The King deprived by decree of the power of + granting pardons. + 7. A law against regicides. + Conforming priests are everywhere put in possession + of the benefices of those who would not conform. + A general sale of ecclesiastical property. + 18. Decreed, that all military men take an oath of + fidelity to the nation. + Insurrection at Bastia. + 21. The King and royal family make their escape + 22. from Paris; they had nearly reached the frontiers, + when they were stopped at Varennes, + 25. and brought back ignominiously to Paris. + Count Dampierre is massacred under the King's eyes. + The Marquis de Bouillé writes a menacing letter to + the assembly on the subject of the King. + An order is intimated to the King to disband his + body guards. All the royal functions are + suspended. The King is kept a close prisoner. + Monsieur, the King's brother, escapes to Coblentz. + <i>July</i> 9. M. de Cazelés resigns his place as a deputy. + 10. The national guards ordered to the frontiers. + 11. The body of Voltaire transferred to the Pantheon. + 14. Grand celebration of the anniversary of this day. + 17. Insurrection in the Champ de Mars—the red flag (the + signal of danger) continues flying a long time. + Disorders in the Pays-de-Caux, and at + Brie-Compte-Robert. + 23. Violent decree against emigrant nobles. + The assembly proceeds rigorously against those who + accompanied the King in his flight. + The King himself is not considered so culpable. + All distinctions of nobility, and all titles, are + wholly abolished. + The ministers are required to give an account every + ten days to the assembly of the execution of its + decrees. + The decree on people of colour spreads + consternation at St. Domingo. + <i>August</i>. Money is coined from the metal of the bells in + churches. + One hundred thousand livres voted to the academy of + science for the purpose of bringing weights and + measures to one uniform standard. + The title of Dauphin changed to that of Prince + Royal. + Rewards are decreed to all those who stopped the + King. + A committee is appointed to manage national + domains; that is, the confiscated property of the + King and clergy. + Decreed, that if within a month the King do not + take the oath to the nation, or if he retract it, + he shall be adjudged to have forfeited the crown. + Decreed, that the guard for the King shall not + exceed 1200 foot, and 600 horse. + Those who may be placed in succession to the throne + to have no other title than that of French princes. + Registers of the births, marriages, and burials, of + the royal family to be deposited in the archives of + the national assembly. + Suppression of the payment of a mark of silver, + which was heretofore required from such as were + deputed to the legislature. + Decreed, that every law relative to taxes shall be + independent of the royal sanction. + The ceremony of marriage to be considered + hereafter as a civil contract only. + Rousseau admitted to a place in the Pantheon. + The national assembly declares, that it will not + revise the constitution which it has just + established, before the expiration of thirty years. + <i>Sept</i>. The completion of the constitution announced to the + people, and that it will admit of no change. The + departments are all occupied in electing new + deputies to represent them in a second assembly. + Sixty members are appointed to carry the act of the + constitution to the King. + 4. The King restored to liberty. + Suppression of the order of St. Esprit; the + decorations of the blue ribband to be appropriated + to the King and the Prince-royal only. The King + declines to retain a distinction which he cannot + communicate. + Decreed, that the Rhine and Rhone be united by a + canal. + 14. The King accepts the constitution in form; he takes + the oath in presence of the assembly; and is + crowned by the president with a constitutional + crown. + Great rejoicings throughout all France. + The national guard to take place of the King's. + Whipping, and burning in the hand, annulled. + Three days allowed to every person under accusation + to defend himself and repel the charge. + In consequence of the acceptance of the + constitution, all criminal proceedings are stopped; + all persons confined on suspicion of + anti-revolutionary principles set at liberty; no + more passports required; a general amnesty takes + place; and the decree against emigrants is revoked. + Disturbances at Arles—suppression of the high + national court of Orleans—and of all royal + notaries—national notaries appointed. + Prohibitory or commanding clauses in wills to be of + no avail henceforward. + Every sort of property dependent upon, or connected + with, churches or charities, is confiscated. + All the world admitted to the title and rank of + French citizen, without any distinction of country. + Decree to unite Avignon and the county of Venaissin + to France. + Certificates of catholicism suppressed, which + hitherto were required before admission into any + office. + Severe penalties against introducing titles of + nobility into any public document. + All the chambers and societies of commerce + abolished. + Jews admitted to the rights of French citizens. + The constituent assembly prepares to lay down its + powers, without rendering any account of its + proceedings. + Violent remonstrances against this. + Decree against clubs and popular associations. + 30. The King goes in state to close the session of this + first or <i>constituent assembly</i>. + CHAPTER II. + + 1791. + <i>Oct</i>. 4. The second assembly takes the name of the + <i>Legislative</i> Assembly, and is opened by the King + in person. It consists of 700 members. + An oath is taken to observe the law. + An administrator in one of the departments flies + with a large treasure. + 17. Massacre at Avignon, with unusual horrors. Jourdan + and his people destroy 600 victims in an ice-house. + Insurrection at Paris on account of religious + worship. + The Marquis de la Fayette resigns the command of + the Parisian guard. + The expressions "<i>sire</i>" and "<i>majesty</i>," applied + to the King, suppressed by decree. + Twenty-one committees formed out of the legislative + assembly to transact all business. + Riots at Montpellier. + The pictures of the Palace-royal sold for a million + eight hundred thousand livres. + 27. Insurrection in Alsace. + 29. Notice given to Monsieur the King's eldest brother, + to return to France, on pain of forfeiture of all + his rights, and confiscation. + One hundred millions of assignats issued. + Disturbances in Artois and Lower Normandy on + account of religious worship. + The archbishop of Ausch, and several bishops, + brought before the tribunals. + 30. Insurrections in almost all parts of the kingdom, + on account of the prohibition of religious worship. + Charrier, ex-constituent, and nominated by the + people as successor to the Cardinal de + Rochefoucault, in the archbishoprick (sic) of + Rouen, ashamed of his usurpation, abdicates the + archiepiscopal dignity. + Violent decree against emigrants; the King opposes + his <i>veto</i> to it. + The King refuses his assent also to another equally + violent decree, for the banishment of all the + catholic priests who had not taken the oath + prescribed. + Guimper, the first constitutional see, is taken + possession of by D'Expilly, an ex-constituent, + <i>i.e</i>. a member of the last assembly, which had + taken the name of the constituent assembly. + Violent insurrection in the colonies, supposed to + be excited by some of the leading members of the + assembly. + <i>Nov</i>. New decree for a civic oath. + In the legislative assembly the answers are read + from foreign powers, relative to the King's + acceptance of the constitution. + Massacres at Caen in Normandy; horrid treatment of + Mons. de Belsunce, a lieutenant-colonel. + Eighty-four persons of consideration thrown into + prison. + 10. The Dunkirk carrier assassinated at Paris, and his + letters stolen. + 15. The King confined to his apartment, under the guard + of a corporal. + 17. Varnier denounced by Bazire, is sent to prison at + Orleans. + Pethion elected mayor of Paris. + 18. He goes to the jacobins to thank them for having + obtained his election. + Manuel is appointed procureur syndic of the commune + of Paris (a place next in importance to that of + mayor). + 20. Disorders at Montpellier. + 25. Delatre committed to prison at Orleans. + 26. Chabot enters the King's apartment with his hat on + his head. + Decreed, that non-conforming priests shall not make + use of the churches. + <i>Dec</i>. 1. Three hundred millions of small assignats issued. + 2. Insurrection at Brest. + 6. Malvoisin, and twelve others, imprisoned at + Orleans. + 16. Decreed, that every member of the Bourbon family + shall quit France in three days. + M. Loyauté sent to prison at Orleans. + 20. Several castles burnt at Sens. + 24. Insurrection in the departments of Loir et Cher. + The King goes to the assembly to discuss the + subject of war with foreign powers. + 27. Lucknor and Rochambeau made marshals of France, and + with La Fayette appointed to command the armies. + M. de Narbonne goes to visit the frontiers. + Forty soldiers, who had been sent to the galleys, + are set at liberty. + Establishment of a new high national court. + Manuel causes the letters of Mirabeau, which were + found in the mayor's office, to be printed and + sold. + 28. The Queen goes to the opera, and is much applauded. + 29. Manifesto proposed by M. Condorcet, to acquaint the + world with the sentiments of the French nation, if + it should be forced into war. + 31. Decreed, that the ceremonies of New-year's day + shall be abolished. + 1792. + + <i>Jan</i>. 1. Egalité (duke of Orleans) ill received at the + Tuilleries. + 5. Massacre of the minister of Chateau-neuf. + Motion of Herault, that foreign powers be required + to forbid the white cockade to be worn by + emigrants. + 11. Carra proposes at the Jacobin club, that the crown + of France be offered to the Duke of York. + 15. Plan of a decree for declaring war against the + Emperor. + 16. Decreed, that Monsieur has forfeited the regency. + Three hundred millions of small assignats issued. + 17. Fire and ravages at Port-au-Prince. + Great tumult at Paris on account of the monopoly of + of sugar and coffee. + 19. Fire of La-Force. + 21. A conforming priest, his wife, and children, + presented to the assembly, and loaded with caresses. + 27. Summons to the Emperor, to declare whether or not + he is willing to live in peace with France. + 31. Decreed, that all travellers in France must supply + themselves with a passport. + <i>Feb</i>. 1. Decreed, that all those shall be imprisoned who + travel under a false name. + Eighty-four prisoners, who were confined in the + castle of Caen, set at liberty. + 2. Letter of Manuel to the King beginning with these + words, "I do not love kings". + 5. Fires and massacres at St. Domingo. + 6. The Abbé Fauchet preaches at the Pantheon. + 7. Riots at Paris on account of a false rumour of the + King's flight. + Great fires in the town of Haquenau. + Decreed, that the property of emigrants belongs to + the nation; order for its sequestration. + Riots at Noyon about corn. + Insurrection at Dunkirk. + 14. The red bonnet becomes the general fashion. + Assassination at Mount Héri. + Insurrection at the Fauxbourg (sic) St. Marceau, on + account of the scarcity of sugar. + Struggle between the clubs of the Jacobins, and the + Feuillants; the latter so called from a religious + society of that name, at whose house they met. + 17. De Lessart denounced by Fauchet. + 22. Motion, that no deputy be permitted to go to the + clubs of Jacobins or Feuillants. + 28. Treaty of Pilnitz between the Emperor and Prussia. + <i>March</i> 1. Death of the Emperor Leopold II. + 3. Seditions at Etampes; Simoneau, the mayor, + assassinated. + De Lessart, minister for foreign affairs, sent to + the prison of Orleans. + 15. Death of Gustavus III. king of Sweden. + Total change of the King's ministers. + Decreed, that the King shall pay taxes like all + other persons. + 19. Jourdan, and his accomplices at Avignon acquitted. + A new guard begins to do duty about the King. + Roland appointed by the King minister of the + interior department. + Insurrection at Poitou. + The Swiss Cantons demand from France the regiment + of Ernest. + Alienation of the domains of St. Lazare, and of + Mount-Carmel, two orders of knighthood, of which + Monsieur was president. + <i>April</i> 1. Troubles in Provence and Dauphiny. + On the motion of Torne, constitutional bishop of + Bourges, all peculiar religious dresses are + abolished, and all secular congregations. + 6. Pethion writes to the 48 sections, inviting them to + give a fête to the liberated soldiers of + Chateau-vieux. + 15. A civic fête is given to the above soldiers, who + had been imprisoned for crimes. + 16. Riots at the Hotel de Ville in Paris, on account of + the statues of la Fayette and Bailli. + 20. The King goes to the national assembly to demand + whether it is willing to declare war. + War declared against the King of Bohemia and + Hungary. + M. de Castellane, bishop of Mendes, sent to prison + at Orleans. + 29. The army of Dillon routed near Tournay, and that + general massacred by his own soldiers near + Lisle (sic). + The French routed near Mons under the command of + General Byron. + <i>May</i> 2. Suppression of the military houses of Monsieur and + the Count d'Artois. + 6. Desertion of the royal German regiment. + 8. Report of the murder of several commissaries. + 10. Pethion, in the commune of Paris, presents a + silver sword to Réne Audu, a heroine of the 6th of + October 1789. + Decree concerning prisoners of war. + 11. New disorders at Avignon. + 12. Desertion of the regiment of Berchini. + 13. M. Brival, a deputy, writes to the King to desire + that his cane may be restored to him, which was + taken from him at the gate of the Tuilleries. + Abbé Maury elevated to the dignity of an + archbishop, and appointed nuncio extra-ordinary of + the holy see, to the diet of Ratisbon. + Decree, depriving the brothers of the King of the + million which had been voted to them. + Renewal of the decree for the transportation of + priests, which the King still refuses to sanction. + 14. Massacre of the Abbé Figuemont at Mentz. + 16. Bavai taken by the Austrians. + 24. Much pains taken to prove the existence of + a committee in favour of the Austrians. + 27. Discontent in Paris on account of the King's + having a guard. + 28. The King is forced to dismiss it. + 29. Mareschal (sic) de Brissac, who commanded the + King's guard, sent to prison at Orleans. + 30. The first column of the Prussian army arrives at + Frankfort. + <i>June</i> 3. A civic fête in honour of M. Simoneau, mayor of + Etampes, massacred the 3d of March in an + insurrection. + 6. Massacre at Brussels. + Reduction of the monies allowed for the pay and + entertainment of the King's ministers. + 8. The King refuses to ratify the decree for encamping + 20,000 men near Paris. + 13. Roland, Claviere, and Servan, dismissed from the + ministry. + Ordered that all pedigrees of nobility be burnt, + and all papers relative thereto. + A number of patriotic gifts to support the + expence (sic) of the war. + The tree of liberty planted in all parts. + 20. In order to force the King to sanction some decrees + to which he had given a negative, the people go to + the Tuilleries, break open the gates, and burst + into the apartments. The King conducts himself + with great firmness. + The high national court at Orleans condemns + Monsieur, the Count d'Artois, and the Prince of + Condé, to be beheaded, and their property + consequently to be forfeited. + A new mode adopted for proving births, marriages, + and burials. + 26. The department of La Somme offers 200 batallions, + to enforce respect to the King. Several others + make similar offers. + 28. La Fayette quits his army, and goes to complain to + the national representatives of party violence. + A petition against Pethion is signed at the houses + of all the notaries. + 30. La Fayette returns to the army, and as soon as he + is departed, he is burnt in effigy at the palace + royal. + <i>July</i> 2. Letter of the King to the French armies. + 3. Suppression of all the staff-officers of the + national guard of Paris. + 4. Decreed, that the nation is in danger. + The Duke of Brunswick arrives at Coblentz. + Distinguishing marks granted to the legislators and + administrators. + 6. Dumourier goes to take the command of the army. + 7. Pethion, mayor of Paris and Manuel, suspended, but + very soon after restored. + Ministers all changed. + 11. A petition against the King signed at the Elysian + fields. + 14. Anniversary of the federations observed with + great ceremony. + 19. Massacre of M, de Saillant, chef-du-camp de Salés. + 20. Proclamation of the King, on the dangers of the + country. + Decree, that the property of emigrants be sold. + Many of the constitutional priests sign a + recantation of their oaths, and not enough are + found to fill the vacant cures. + Massacres at Alais, Bourdeaux, Arles, and in other + places. + 28. Decree, obliging people to mount guard under pain + of imprisonment. + Three hundred millions of assignats issued. + M. d'Espemenil, an ex-constituent, is knocked down + and poignarded at the Tuilleries, and with + difficulty saves his life. + 30. The Marseillois arrive at Paris; ravages and + cruelties committed by them. + Cockades of ribbands proscribed. + Du Hamel massacred in the street of St. Florentin. + <i>Aug</i>. 3. Decreed, that all Frenchmen be armed with pikes. + Invitation to foreigners to come and defend the + land of liberty. + 5. Massacre at Toulon of nine members of the + magistracy, under the pretence of aristocracy. + A report is spread about the Tuilleries, that + the King intends to escape. + 8. Decreed, by a majority of 426 to 224, that there is + no ground of accusation against La Fayette. + Several members complain of outrages committed on + them, on account of votes they had given. + 10. Attack and pillage of the palace of the Tuilleries. + Massacre of the Swiss, and of a great number of the + King's followers. Louis XVI. and his family fly + for safety to the assembly. + Horrible riots and outrages in Paris. + 11. Continuation of frightful outrages and murders. + All foreign ambassadors quit France. + 12. Roland, Clariere, and Servan, recalled to the + ministry. + Danton appointed minister of justice. + The statues of the King all thrown down. + Servan appointed minister of the war department; de + Monge, of the marine; Clavieres, of finances; + Roland, of the interior; and Le Brun, of foreign + affairs. + The King and his family are all conducted to the + Temple. + 14. Several ex-ministers and royalists committed to + prison. + Decreed, that all the administrations of the + kingdom shall be new formed. + 15. Persons departing, even with passports, stopped. + 17. Establishment of a tribunal for the summary trial + of royalists. + 18. The Austrians and Prussians enter the French + territory. + Decree against La Fayette; who, with part of + his staff, quits the army and falls into the + hands of the Austrians, by whom he is detained a + prisoner. + 20. Montmorin, ex-minister of foreign affairs, + imprisoned. + 22. M. D'Angremont guillotined at the Carouzel (sic). + 23. Longwy taken by the Prussians. + 24. M. de la Porte, comptroller of the civil list, + guillotined. + 25. M. Durozoi, author of the gazette of Paris, + guillotined. + 26. A civic festival, in honour of the sans-culottes + who were killed in the affair of the 10th of + August. + Decreed, that all ecclesiastics who have not taken + the national oath, shall be transported. In the + number of these victims were 138 archbishops and + bishops, and sixty-four thousand priests of the + second order. + General Kellerman commands the army of Marshal + Luckner, and Dumourier that of General la Fayette. + 27. In a sitting of the jacobins, Manuel causes an oath + to be taken, that every exertion will be used to + purge the earth of the pest of royalty. + 30. Domiciliary visits, that is, nightly searches + in the citizens houses, for obnoxious persons. + <i>Sept</i>. 1. Letter of the minister Roland, to all the + municipalities, to induce them to agree in finding + the King guilty. + M. Montmorin, governor of Fontainbleau, + although acquitted by the tribunal, is conveyed + back to prison by the people. + 2. The city of Verdun is taken by the Prussians. + From the 2d (sic) to the 9th of this month, the + most horrid outrages perpetrated without ceasing, + 7605 prisoners, &c. inhumanly murdered, and the + assassins publicly demand their wages. Every house + is a scene of dismay. Massacres and butcheries are + committed in all the prisons and religious houses. + These horrors drive a great number of inhabitants + from Paris. + The Duke de la Rochefoucault, ex-constituent and + president of the department of Paris, is torn to + pieces by the populace. + 10. Massacre at Versailles of 53 prisoners from + Orleans, who, it appears, were summoned to Paris + for the express purpose of having them disposed of + in this expeditious manner. + Troops are enrolled for the frontiers. + A camp is formed close to Paris. + 13. The French armies fall back towards Chalons. + 14. The King accepts the constitution. + 15. Decreed, that the King's person is inviolable, + and the crown of France indivisible and hereditary. + 16. Robbery of the wardrobe of the crown. + Decree, formally allowing divorces. + 18. Philips, of the club of jacobins, presents in a + little box, to the legislative assembly, the heads + of his father and mother, whom his patriotism, as + he said, had just sacrificed. + 19. The last sitting of the legislative assembly. + CHAPTER III. + + 1792. + <i>Sept</i>. 20. First sitting of the third legislature, which takes + the title of National Convention. It consists of + 745 members. + 21. Decreed, that royalty is abolished, and that the + kingdom of France is a republic. + The battle of Grand-Pré gained by General + Dumouricr. + 22. Danton resigns the ministry in order to take a + place in the convention. + 23. The old Marshal Luckner is ordered to the bar of + the convention. + 27. Mons. Cazotte, an author much esteemed, and who + with difficulty escaped from the assassins of the + 2d of September, is conducted to the guillotine at + 80 years of age. + 29. The Austrians begin to bombard Lisle (sic). + Spires taken by the army of Gen. Custine. + <i>Oct</i>. 2. The Duke of Brunswick, commanding the Prussians, + begins his retreat from France, and raises the + siege of Thionville. + 4. The title of Citizen is substituted for those of + Monsieur and Madame by a decree. + 7. The Austrians raise the siege of Lisle. + 8. Massacre at Cambray. + 9. The soldiers of General Dumourier massacre their + prisoners. + 10. Servan quits the ministry. + Garat is appointed minister of justice. + 13. Verdun evacuated by the Prussians. + 14. A civic festival in honour of the conquest of + Savoy. + 18. Nine emigrants guillotined in the Place-de-Greve. + 22. The French retake Longwy. + 23. Mayence taken by General Custine. + 24. Great accusations of Roland to the convention. + 25. The French territory evacuated by the Austrians and + Prussians. + 26. Frankfort on the Main taken by the French. + 31. A great number of returned emigrants denounced to + the commune of Paris. + <i>Nov</i>. 2. All work at the camp near Paris is stopped. + 3. The house of the deputy Marat is invested, + and the people demand his head. + 4. Robespierre endeavours to acquit himself of the + charges brought against him by the deputy Louvet. + 6. Report in the assembly of disturbances in the + department of Mayence and Loire. + Three hundred millions of assignats issued with new + emblems. + A discourse upon Atheism pronounced by Dupont, and + applauded by the convention. + The Princess de Rohan-Rochefort is sent to prison + for having written to the ex-minister Bertrand. + 7. The battle of Gemappe—the Austrians are defeated + by superior numbers, and an immense artillery. + Dumourier after his victory takes Mons. + A revolt announced at Guadaloupe. + 10. Decreed, that all emigrants who shall return + to France shall suffer death, whether men, women, + or children, not excepting those who had never + borne arms. + 12. Ghent taken by the French. + 14. Brussels taken by the French. + 19. General Montesquieu emigrates. + 23. De la Coste, ex-minister, and Du Fresne de St. + Leon, committed to the prison of the Abbaye. + 24. Insurrection at Chartres and the neighbourhood, on + account of bread. + 25. The King asks of the convention some Latin books, + that he may instruct his son himself. + 26. Address from Finisterre to the convention, + denouncing the deputies Marat, Robespierre, Danton, + Chabot, Barire, and Merlin. Buzot supports the + accusation. + 27. Kersaint proposes to the convention to make a + descent upon England with one hundred thousand men, + and to sign an immortal treaty upon the Tower of + London, which shall fix the destiny of nations, and + confirm liberty for ever to the world. + The Belgians protest against a decree which + trenches on their sovereignty. + 30. Decree, charging the municipalities to keep + registers of baptisms, marriages and buryings. + <i>Dec</i>. 1. Pethion quits the mayoralty to become a member of + the convention. + Chambon is elected his successor. + Manuel gives up the place of procureur de la + commune for a seat in the convention; Chaumette + succeeds him. + 3. Decreed that Louis Capet shall be brought to trial, + and that the convention shall be his judges. + 4. Decreed, that whoever shall propose the restoration + of royalty shall suffer death. + 8. The royal family is forbid the use of knives, + scissars,(sic) or razors; the King not to be + shaved, but his beard clipped with scissars. + 9. The bust of Mirabeau torn from the Pantheon, and + dragged by the populace to the Place-de-Greve. + The minister of justice reads to the convention 150 + addresses from the communes of Normandy in favour + of the King. + Philip Egalité renounces all eventual succession to + the crown of France, to assume the title of French + citizen. + 18. The King is interrogated at the bar of the + convention. + Barrere is president. + He demands for his advocates Target and Tronchet, + the former refuses to defend him; but Mons. de + Malesherbes, making a voluntary offer of being his + defender, is accepted with Tronchet, and Monsieur + de Seze is added to them. + The mayor of Paris, the procureur de la commune, le + secretaire Greffier, and thirty municipal officers + on horseback, escorted the King's carriage when he + was going to the bar of the convention to be + interrogated, and to hear the act of his accusation + read. The president said, "Louis,—The French + "people accuse you of having committed a multitude + "of crimes in order to establish tyranny upon the + "ruins of liberty." The King having answered with + great precision and coolness, "Louis," said the + president, "a copy shall be given to you of your + accusations. The convention permits you to retire, + and will acquaint you with the result of its + deliberations." + 14. The charge d'affaires of Spain writes an earnest + letter in favour of the King, from his master. The + convention treats it with neglect. + 16. The French make themselves masters of + Aix-la-Chapelle. + The King is brought a second time to the bar of the + convention. Monsieur de Seze makes an able speech + in his defence at the bar. The King then speaks to + the convention: "My counsel has laid before you my + "justification and defence, I have nothing to add + "but this, that, in addressing you perhaps for the + "last time, I declare that my conscience reproaches + "me with no crime towards my country, and that my + "advocates have spoken nothing but the truth." + 27. Generals Luckner and Rochambeau made marshals of + France. + 1793 + <i>January</i>. Roland publishes a letter to oppose the calumnies + against him. + The loyal subjects of Brabant send an address to + the emperor. + Mont Blanc declared to be an 84th department, of + which Chamberry is the capital; this new department + contains 364,652 souls. + General Dumourier writes some severe truths to the + convention, and offers to give in his resignation, + disclaiming all pretensions to a dictatorship. + The convention rejects the King's appeal to the + people. + Prince Charles of Hesse-Philipstadt dies of wounds + he received at Frankfort. + The alien bill passed in England; in consequence of + which, persons suspected may be sent out of the + kingdom by the executive power. + The Prussians and Hessians drive the French from + Hocheim. + The King of Prussia publishes a declaration, that + his army enters Poland only because that country + was infested with French democratic madness. + Remarkable address of the department of Finisterre + against Marat and Robespierre. + La Fayette is conveyed to Magdebourg. + The Empress of Russia assigns lands in the Crimea + to French emigrants, and causes to be paid to the + Prince of Condé, at Frankfort, 200,000 rupees for + the expences of journey. + Dumourier goes to Paris while the convention is + debating about the King. The jacobins insult him. + His army is said to be 120,000 strong. + General Custine celebrates at Mayence the festival + of liberty, by burning the archiepiscopal + ornaments. + 17. The convention terminates its deliberations + 18. concerning the King. He is condemned to + 19. death. All endeavours to delay the execution of + the sentence are rejected. + Of the members of the convention, 366 vote for + death absolutely; 23 for death, but leaving it + hereafter to be discussed, when the execution + should take place; 8 for death, and a certain delay + or respite; 2 for death at the peace; 319 for + detention; and 2 for detention in irons. + Pelletier, one who voted for the King's death, is + assassinated at a tavern. + 20. Louis hears with calmness the reading of his + sentence of death. Allowed only two hours to take + a final leave of his wife, his children, and his + sister, who are frantic with grief. +</pre> +<a name="image-0003"><!--IMG--></a> +<center> +<img src="images/execution.jpg" height="868" width="608" +alt="Execution.jpg +"> +</center> + +<pre> + 21. Louis is conducted to the scaffold; his behaviour + is steady and dignified, he speaks a few words + protesting his innocence, forgiving his enemies, + and hoping that his death might restore peace to + his wretched country. The commander of the troops + orders the drums and trumpets to strike up, that + his voice might be drowned, and that he should not + proceed. In a minute after this, his head is + severed from his body. A dead silence prevails in + Paris. The places of public amusement and all + shops are shut up. His last will soon after + published. + The minister Roland, after assisting at the King's + execution resigns his office, so do the deputies + Manuel and Kersaint. + 24. The remains of Pelletier are placed with great + ceremony in the Pantheon. + The French envoy at Naples demands and obtains an + audience of the King. + The convention decrees, that their army shall + consist of 502,000 men next campaign. + 26. Dumourier leaves Paris for the army, with orders to + take Cologne, cost what it may. + Liege determines to unite itself with France. + Paris, who assassinated Pelletier, is arrested, but + shoots himself. + General mourning at London and Madrid for + Louis XVI. + The convention decrees the union of Nice to the + republic of France. + The British ministry signify to Mons. Chauvelin, + who had been ambassador from Louis XVI. that he is + no longer to be considered as such, and must quit + England. + The sections of Paris complain of want of + provisions. + Lanjuinais, speaking against the murders of the 2d + of September, says, that the number of victims, + assassinated that day, amounted to 8,000, others + say 12,000, and the deputy Louvet states them at + 28,000. + <i>Feb</i>. 1. The Convention declares war against the King of + England, and Stadtholder of Holland. + General Dumourier levies sixty millions of livres + on the abbeys in Brabant. + The nurse of Madame Royale requests permission to + see her in prison, but without success. + Proclamation by the Emperor, to assure to the + Belgians their ancient privileges. + Great debates in the convention about war. + The marines of Rochelle come to swear fidelity to + the convention. + Philip Egalité takes the oath, in quality of high + admiral of France. + The Marseillois leave Paris, and return home. + An engagement takes place at Mayence between the + national guard and the troops of the line, on the + subject of the King's death. + General Bournonville is recalled from the army, and + appointed minister of war. + Dumourier begins to lose ground in the esteem of + the people. + Eight hundred millions of assignats issued. + Citzen (sic) Basseville, secretary of the French + legation, is massacred by the people at Rome. + Chambon quits the mayoralty of Paris, and is + replaced by the ex-minister Pache. + The parliament of England votes for war. + The French take possession of Deux-Ponts; the duke + with difficulty escapes. + Lyons, opposes with energy the murderous plans of + the jacobins. + The Emperor solicits earnestly the triple + contingent from the empire. + New coinage in France, with the legend of + "Republique Francoise. (sic)" + The wife of the Emperor sacrifices some of her rich + ornaments to defray the cost of the war. + General Miranda sends to the convention the + magnificent key of gold, which was given by + Charles III. to the inhabitants of Louvain. + 17. The French make an irruption into Holland, take the + fort St. Michel, surround Maestricht, and menace + Breda. + Lyons destroys the jacobin club, and burns the tree + of liberty. + Paris is in great disorder. + Dumourier addresses a proclamation to the Dutch + against the Stadtholder. The States-general answer + it by a manifesto. + Condorcet reads a constitutional act to the + convention; the jacobins reject it. + The national convention of Liege decrees the + destruction of its cathedral. + Marat excites great tumult in the convention. + Venice acknowledges the republic; Bavaria observes + neutrality. + Custine transports the clergy of Mayence who refuse + to take the oath of liberty. + The French bombard Maestricht, which is defended by + the Prince of Hesse-Cassel. + The Grand Duke of Tuscany declares a neutrality + with regard to the French republic. + 25. The British troops under the Duke of York sail from + England. + Breda surrenders to the French. + Dumourier bombards Gertruydenberg and Williamstadt + with Dutch artillery. + The Convention decrees that soldiers have a right + to elect their officers. Marat urges this + decree, and strikes in the face several of those + who oppose it, even in the convention. + The Duke of York arrives at the Hague. + The Stadtholder declares he will defend the + republic to the last. + 28. The Archduke Charles, the Prince of Cobourg, and + Duke of Wurtemburg, arrive at Duren. + The French merchants offer to send fifty + privateers to sea. + Discourse pronounced in the convention by + Anacharsis Cloots, on universal fraternity. + Riots in Paris at the houses of the bakers and + grocers. + Brussels desires, and obtains an union with France. + Revolution in Geneva after the French example. + The convention encourages addresses from all + quarters on the death of the tyrant. + Decreed, that the troops of the line shall form but + one body with the national guards. + All treaties of commerce and alliance, with powers + at war, are annulled. + The convention requires 300,000 men to + compleat (sic) their armies. + <i>March</i> 1. Prince Cobourg beats the French near Altenhover. + The British troops land at Fort Ecluse. + The Austrians retake Aix-la-Chapelle. + Proclamation of Dumourier, to stir up the + inhabitants of Liege, Belgium, and Holland. + 2. Carra denounces the farmers-general. + Deputy Rhul moves, that the property of foreign + princes be put up to sale. + 3. The French raise the siege of Maestricht, and + besiege Williamstadt without success. They + 4. are beaten at Tongres by the Prussians. + Gertruydenberg surrenders to Gen. Dumourier. + Zurich, Bern, and other Swiss cantons acknowledge + the French republic. + Manuel accuses the jacobins (sic) of all the evils + since the revolution. + Dumourier imposes 120,000 florins upon the city of + Antwerp. + War declared against Spain. + 5. The bloody capture of Liege by the Austrians. + Taking of Ruremond. + The Prussians gain some advantage near Mayence. + Upon the motion of Danton, it is decreed, that a + revolutionary-criminal tribunal be established. + All persons imprisoned for debt are released by the + convention. + Prince Cobourg requires from Liege six hundred + thousand florins. + Arrival of 14,000 Hanoverians in the Low-Countries. + The commune of Paris hoists a black flag, as a sign + of extreme danger to the country. + General Miranda imprisoned in chains at Brussels. + 9. Dantzig submits itself to the King of Prussia. + Dumourier conveys to Lisle the treasures of the + churches of Brussels. + He stops the first commissioners of the convention, + and sends them to Paris; he reviews his troops at + Brussels, and marches to the enemy. + Robespierre demands that all despots be overturned, + and that liberty be established on the ruin of all + aristocracies. + Monsieur, regent of France, creates the Count + d'Artois lieutenant-general of the kingdom. + Decreed, that the palace of St. Cyr, near + Versailles, be destroyed. + Decreed, that plate be considered as merchandize. + La Source inveighs bitterly against the English + government. + It is calculated, that 150 divorces take place, + every month in Paris since the decree. + Dumourier causes the plate to be restored to the + churches of Belgium, of which they had been + plundered. + Buzot declaims in the tribune against the despotism + of the convention. + 10. Epoch of the counter-revolutions in La Vendée. + The French abandon the siege of Williamstadt. + The Austrian advanced guard enters Tirlemont, but + are obliged again to evacuate it. + 16. The States-general reward the garrison of + Williamstadt for their gallant defence. + 17. The French and Austrian armies drawn up in order of + battle all day opposite to each other. + 18. Bloody battle of Neerswinde, which lasts the whole + day. The French wholly defeated. + 19. The battle of Tirlemont; General Valence wounded, + and the French routed. + Dumourier suspected of treason at Paris. + 23. Battle of Louvain between the French and Austrians. + The Prussians approach Mayence. + Dumourier demands a truce of six days to evacuate + the Low Countries. + The Empire declares war against France, in + consequence of a resolution of the diet of + Ratisbon. + The Austrians enter Louvain. Prince Cobourg + refuses a truce to Dumourier. + The Duke Frederick of Brunswick quits the army on + account of his health. + The Prussians approach Mayence. + General Santerre solicits a discharge from the + command of the troops of Paris, that he may have + leisure to attend to the affairs of his brewery. + Chenier proposes an oaken crown as a reward for + republican generals. + Duhem complains to the convention, that the vessel + of state is near foundering. + Garat passes from the office of minister of justice + to that of the interior. + Discourse of Danton, to rouse the people en masse + (in a body.) + A constitutional priest, commanding a battalion, + begs the convention to preserve his rectory for him + whilst he goes to the frontiers. + The inhabitants of Frankfort write to Custine, that + they are not willing to receive the French + government. + Insurrection at Orleans. + 24. The Austrians enter Brussels and Mechlin. + The Prussians pass the Rhine at St. Goar. + 26. Antwerp submits to the Austrians. + The statue of Prince Charles of Loraine, which the + insurgents overturned, is restored. + 27. Namur and Mons evacuated by the French. + The Archduke Charles appointed governor of the Low + Countries. + Danton proposes to the convention, that all + citizens be justified to kill any persons who are + hostile to the revolution, wherever they may find + them. + 29. The Austrians enter Ghent. + At the end of this month, all Brabant has returned + to the dominion of the Emperor. + Tumults and plunders in private houses at Paris. + The convention summons Dumourier to its bar. + The French are driven out of Worms, and Spires. + <i>April</i> 2. The convention sends Bournonville, the minister of + war, with four commissioners to arrest Dumourier; + but he, apprized of their intentions, seizes them, + and delivers them to the Prince of Cobourg. + Dumourier sends General Miaczinski to secure Lisle, + but he is suspected, and arrested there. + The French evacuate Breda and Gertruydenberg. + Dumourier, accompanied by Gen. Valance, and two + sons of Philip Egalité, together with some + regiments and the military chest, passes over to + the Austrians. + This step of Dumourier induces the convention to + declare itself permanent. + The German princes and nobles, who were detained + prisoners at Landau, are conveyed to Paris as + hostages for the commissioners who are kept by the + Austrians. + Domiciliary visits are recommended at Paris. + Mons. de Blanchland, governor of St. Domingo, is + guillotined at Paris, and dies with extraordinary + firmness. + Great congress held at Antwerp by the chiefs of the + allied armies. + Decreed, that henceforward commissioners shall + remain with the armies, and be invested with powers + unlimited. + Philip Egalité, his third son, his sister, and the + Prince of Conti (sic), conducted prisoners to + Marseilles. + The commune of Vernon is unwilling to suffer + Madame d'Orleans to depart, on account of her ill + heath, and they promise to answer with their lives + for their benefactress and friend. + The Prussians prepare for the siege of Mayence. + The creditors of Egalité fix his annual allowance + at about 8000l. a year. His income is said to have + been between three and four hundred thousand a + year. + Gen. Dampierre forms the camp of Famars, the French + having retired from Holland. + Great debates in the convention on the subject of a + petition from 35 sections of Paris, against the + chiefs of the Mountain. + The English take the island of Tobago. + General Miaczinski, Compte (sic) d'Arenberg, and le + Compte Linanges, sent to the Abbaye at Paris, to + answer for the safety of the commissioners. + 12. A long and violent tumult in the convention, + because the members come intoxicated. + 13. Marat escapes from prison, and writes an insulting + letter to the convention; decree of accusation + against him. + 15. Thirty-five sections of Paris demand the deposition + of Brissot, and twenty other members of the + convention. + Marat remains concealed, but his journal appears + every day. + Weissenau is destroyed by heavy artillery; + Dampierre makes a vigorous resistance. A battle + between Valenciennes and Condé. + The garrison of Lisle makes a powerful sortie. + Dumourier is allowed no part in the operations + against France; at Frankfort he publishes his + contempt for Egalité, and respect for his sons. + 21. The Elector of Mayence addresses a letter of thanks + to his subjects. The bishop of Liege returns to + his dominions. + The French make themselves masters of Mont-Beliard. + America declares for neutrality. + Count d'Artois goes to Petersburgh (sic). + The Spaniards obtain considerable advantages near + Perpignan. + The royalists of La Vendée publish a manifesto, + against whom the convention orders twenty thousand + men to march. + Treaty between Great-Britain and Russia; another + between Great-Britain and Sardinia. + Great disorders at Marseilles and Aix. + 28. The archduke Charles makes a solemn entry into + Brussels, as governor-general of the Low Countries; + 400 citizens draw his coach. + Kellerman deposed from his command by the + convention. + The Emperor reproaches the Elector of Bavaria with + his neutrality, in a remarkable note. + Engagement between the French and Austrians near + Landau. + Dampierre declares that only 800 men accompanied + Dumourier. + Marat suffers himself to be conducted to prison. + The revolutionary tribunal acquits Marat; he is + conducted in triumph to the convention by the mob, + who force themselves into the seats of the members. + The commissioners of the convention, at Marseilles, + are obliged to fly. + The French make a brisk sally from Mayence. + An insurrection at Breslau, raised by a taylor, + (sic) and not suppressed without cannon. + 30. Decreed, that the revolutionary tribunal shall be + suspended till the 1st of June next. + <i>May</i> 1. Dampierre gives a bloody battle, to keep up a + communication between Condé and Valenciennes. + Deputies from Nantes require support from the + convention; they announce, that the war of La + Vendée has already cost the lives of 2000 patriots. + 3. The King of Prussia, after several bloody fights, + with various success, drives the French from + Costheim. + Sallies are made every day from Valenciennes; Gen. + Mack is wounded in the arm. + Great fire in the port and magazines of + l'Orient (sic). + Twelve hundred millions of assignats issued. + Melancholy accounts laid before the convention, of + the wretched state of the interior parts of France. + 6. Houchard attacks the Austrians near Landau. + The garrison of Mayence, and the camp of Famars, + make a sally; a number of men killed. + 8. A warm attack at Costheim. + A battle also at Longwy. + This day was a day of general fighting, in all the + armies. + 9. General Dampierre dies of his wounds. Lamarche + takes the temporary command. + 10. The convention holds its first sitting in the hall + of the Tuilleries, now called the National Palace. + Battle of Hasnon. The convention is disposed to + grant to Dampierre the honour of the Pantheon; but + Danton proposed, and carried a decree, that no one + should obtain that honour till 20 years after his + death. + 7. Custine is appointed general of the northern army. + The elector of Bavaria renounces his neutrality, + and orders his contingent of troops march. + General Miranda is acquitted by the revolutionary + tribunal; and receives a civic crown from the + people. + General Valence, who had gone over to the Austrians + with Dumourier, is ordered to quit the states of + the empire. + Interrogatory of Philip Egalité at Marseilles. + The popular tribunal, of Marseilles suspended, + because it was become more adverse to the jacobins + since the arrival of the Bourbons. + General Miaczinski condemned to death by the + revolutionary tribunal. + Santerre sent against the royalists of La Vendée. + Kellerman recovers the esteem of the convention, + and is employed again in the armies. + 17. Custine attacks the Austrians near Landau with + 30,000 men, and forces them to retire. + General Wurmser repasses the Rhine. + Every day there are skirmishes near Mayence. + Miaczinski is executed—his depositions against + Pethion, Gensonnet, and others, not being proved. + 23. The allies attack the camp of Famars, and the whole + line from Orchies to Maubeuge. A bloody action + during the whole day. The French secretly during + the night abandoned the camp of Famars. + Riots in Paris, on account of the arrest of Hebert, + compiler of a gazette called Le-Pere-du-Chesne. + Count d'Artois joins his brother at Ham. + It appears that six patriotic merchants of Holland + had promised Dumourier four millions of florins, + provided he conquered the country. + Le Gendre proposes to exclude from the convention + all who voted for the appeal to the people. + The two parties in the convention come to actual + blows; and confusion and disorder continue for + three hours. + The anti-jacobins obtain the upper hand at Lyons, + and 400 persons are sacrificed. + 25. Marat insults the convention. Decreed, that any + member who shall call another villain, or + conspirator, or such-like names, shall be expelled + the convention. Marat instantly violates this law. + Great tumults. + 26. All printing-offices and presses, not in the + interest of the jacobins, such as those of Brissot, + Condorcet, Pru de l'Homme, Rabaut, &c. are + destroyed. + 27. The elector of Bavaria, after receiving the + Emperor's note, becomes active; a part of his army + marches to Mayence. + 30. Hebert is set at liberty. The French from Landau + make an effort to deliver Mayence. + A bold sally is made from Mayence. Prince Louis, + son of Prince Ferdinand, makes a vigorous + resistance. The jacobins are victorious in Paris. + 100,000 citizens are under arms all night. The + tocsin (alarm bell) is ringing all day. + The forty-eight sections of Paris demand an act of + accusation against twenty members; among whom are, + Pethion, Brissot, Barbaroux, Chambon, Gorsas, + Guadet, Lanjuinais, Verniaud, &c. Six escape, and + among them is Brissot. Madame Roland is arrested; + her husband not to be found. + The convention in horrible tumult; and the + president (Isnard) unable to calm it, breaks up the + sitting. The result of this famous day was to + devote twenty-two members to the guillotine, to + declare forty-one out of the protection of the law, + and to imprison seventy-one. + <i>June</i>. A legion of French gentlemen sails from England to + Ostend. + A party of male and female negroes are presented to + the convention. + The generals of the French armies are as follows: + Custine commands the army of the North at Bouchain; + Houchard that of the Moselle, at Sar Louis; + Beauharnols, the army of the Rhine, at Wissenbourg; + Kellerman, that of the Alps, at Chamberry; Brunet, + that of Italy, at Nice; De Flers, that of the + Eastern Pyrenees, at Bayonne; Biron, the army of + the coasts of Nantes, at Nantes; and Wimpfer, that + of the coasts of Cantal, at Bayeux. + 7. The royalists in La Vendée obtain considerable + advantages. + Baron Trenck becomes a jacobin. + 9. A bloody battle near Arlon. The French very + numerous. General Schroeder forced to retreat. + Arlon pillaged by the French. + Discussion in the convention about a forced loan of + a milliard of livres. + The Prince of Waldec killed in an attack near Lisle + at the head of the Dutch. + Severe complaints from most of the departments + about the sitting of the 31st of May. + Saumur and Angers taken by the royalists. + 13. Manifesto from the Marseilleois to the French + republicans against the convention. + 14. The departments of Eure and Calvados declare that + the convention is not free. + The club of jacobins is shut up at Aix. + De-Ferraris, general of artillery, begins to + bombard Valenciennes. + The Prussians open trenches before Mayence. + Marat returns to the convention after a fortnight's + voluntary suspension. + Plan of a republican constitution read. + 18. The revolutionary tribunal sends eighteen persons + to the guillotine. + General Wimpfer loses the confidence of the + convention, on account of the disorders in + Calvados. + 19. The news reaches London of a naval action on the + 18th of April between the French and English. + The army of the Emperor is stated to amount to + 225,274 men, exclusive of artillery and the staffs. + Des-Forges nominated minister of foreign affairs. + Count Byland executed. + Dumourier arrives in London. He is ordered to + leave England immediately, but in terms of + civility. + The royalists under Gaston suffer great losses near + Nantes. + 20. Deputies assemble at Grenoble to give a judgment + upon the proceedings of the convention on the 31st + of May. + Ferrand, commandant of Valenciennes, exerts himself + by every means to prevent the inhabitants from + desiring to surrender. + Decree of accusation against Wimpfer. + 23. Pethion and Lanjuinais escape. Decree of accusation + against Brissot. + The cathedral of Mayence burnt down; the Prussians + summon the city to surrender. + The Imperialists take Weissenau. + <i>July</i> 1. The Queen is informed that she must separate + herself from her son, whose education is committed + to Simon, a shoemaker. + Barrere reports to the assembly, that an + insurrection has taken place in Corsica. + 8. Condorcet is denounced by Chabot. + Buzot, Barbaroux, Gorsas, Lanjuinais, &c. are + declared traitors. Some other members are decreed + to be in accusation. + General Sandos is delivered to the revolutionary + tribunal. + Biron is accused of incivism. + The French are forced to evacuate the camp of + Caesar on the Scheldt. + Condé surrenders by capitulation to his Imperial + Majesty. + Insurrection at Lyons, and in several other + departments. + Declaration by the chiefs of the royal and + catholick army of La Vendée. + Admiral Truguet complains to the convention of the + ill state of the marine. + 12. Charlotte Corday assassinates Marat; he is buried + with great ceremony in the Pantheon. + Charlotte Corday is executed. + 14. The republicans in La Vendée are defeated by the + royalists. + Deputies from St. Domingo complain of ravages by + the commissioners Polverel and Santonax, who are + declared to be in accusation. + Rigorous decree against Corsica. General Paoli + declared a traitor. + The royalists continue their successes. + 23. Mayence surrenders to the Prussians. + D'Arnaud-Baculard, an eminent writer, is + guillotined for having lodged an emigrant in his + house. + Decreed, that every soldier shall suffer death who + shall throw away his arms to fly from an enemy. + Decree of accusation against Gen. Custine. + 27. General D'Oyre, the commandant of Mayence during + the siege, and all his staff, put under arrest by + the convention. + Valenciennes surrenders to the Duke of York. The + Prince of Cobourg takes possession of it for the + Emperor. + 29. Tremendous hail-storms at Paris. + General Custine is sent to the Abbaye. + Decreed, that every 10th of August shall be + celebrated as the festival of the unity and + indivisibility of the republic. + Ordered, that every knight of St. Louis shall + deposit his cross in his municipality. + Decreed, that no assignats, with the late King's + effigy, under the value of 100 livres, shall have + in future any value, but be received only at + present in payment of taxes. + Decreed, that all strangers in France, especially + English, be committed to prison. + Decreed, that all forests and all crops of corn in + La Vendée be burnt. + Decreed, that every vestige of royalty be + destroyed. + Decreed, that the trial of the Queen be commenced. + Decreed, that a camp of 300,000 men be formed + between Valenciennes and Paris. + The invention of the telegraph laid before the + convention. + The effects of the India company seized and sealed. + The members of the revolutionary tribunal doubled, + in order that they may be able to go through + business more expeditiously. + 31. Engagement between the republicans and Sardinians. + Motion by Danton, to pass a national sponge over + the enormous number of assignats. + <i>Aug</i>. 1. The convention regulates an uniformity of weights + and measures in the republic. + It denounces to all Europe the government of + England. + Ordered, that the Queen be sent to the ordinary + prison of the Conciergerie, and given up to the + revolutionary tribunal. + Chambon moves, that all castles be erased from the + face of the republic. + 2. A fire in the arsenal of Huningen. + 7. Decreed, that Pitt is the enemy of the human race. + 8. All academics and literary societies, which had + been established by letters patent, suppressed by + decree. + A colossal statue of liberty is erected in the + place of that of Louis XV. + 14. The new constitution accepted by the fedérés. + Decreed, upon the motion of Barrere, that the + nation will repair in mass to the frontiers; this + was the origin of requisitions. + 18. The battle of Lincelles in favour of the allies. + The army of the convention enters Marseilles, after + dispersing the few troops which that city had + raised to oppose it. + Decree for a plan of education purely republican. + The convention charges its commissioners to spare + nothing to reduce Lyons, which is in a state of + rebellion. + A child appears at the bar of the convention, + saying, that instead of preaching up one self-made + God, the convention had established gods in the + principles of equality and the rights of man. + 28. Custine is guillotined, at Paris. + Lord Hood addresses a proclamation to the Southern + provinces of France. + Lord Hood takes possession of Toulon, by agreement + with the chief men and inhabitants of the city, in + the name of Louis XVII. + Action between the Spaniards and the French under + Dagobert, in which the former lose their camp. + 29. The Spaniards obtain advantages over another army + of the French towards the Western Pyrenees. + Within the last six months, twenty-seven generals + of the republican armies have been disgraced or + accused; of whom, five destroyed themselves, three + perished on the scaffold, and fourteen deserted to + the enemy. + 30. Motion to imprison the wives and children of + emigrants. + Motion of Danton to cause the expence of the war to + fall upon merchants and the wealthy. + <i> Sept</i>. 3. Declaration of war by the King of Naples against + the French republic. + Poland is obliged to yield to the treaty of + partition proposed by Prussia. + Decreed, that every administrator of public + accounts, and every national agent shall give in an + exact statement of his fortune previous to the year + 1791. + Le Brun and Claviere, ex-ministers, are deivered to + the revolutionary tribunal. + Energetic address from the convention to the French + people, respecting the treason at Toulon. + Decreed, that all foreign property in France, + especially English, shall be sequestered. + The convention resolves that new commissioners be + sent to St. Domingo, in the room of Polverel and + Santonax. + The Vendean generals write to the Count d'Artois, + inviting him to put himself at their head. + 11. The city of Quesnoy surrenders to the Imperialists. + Robespierre declares to the convention, that the + country is in extreme danger. + The republicans are defeated at Chantonnay by the + royalists. + 12. The Dutch are defeated at Menin. + The Duke of York is forced to raise the siege of + Dunkirk. + General Dumerbian, of the army in Italy, is + arrested. + Engagement between the royalists and republicans. + The Duke de Bethune-Charost arrested. + 14. The French attack the combined armies in different + points near Weissembourg without any thing + decisive. + The Duke de Nivernois and other considerable + persons arrested. + Duhem states to the convention, that its + philanthropy cost France 120,000 persons last year. + The number of vessels found in Toulon by the + English was twenty-two ships of the line and five + frigates. + 15. Decreed, that every young man from 18 to 25 must + immediately join the army. + Menin retaken by General Beaulieu. + 17. The French fail in their attempt to pass the Rhine + at Huningen. + Decreed, that all former nobles and relations of + emigrants, shall be considered as suspected, and be + imprisoned. + Engagement between the Spaniards and French; the + former retire with loss. + 18. The royalists near Saumur take the flying artillery + of the republicans. + 19. The siege of Lyons is commenced. + Decreed, that all women shall carry tickets of + civism, and wear a three-coloured cockade. + Collot d'Herbois proposes to seize and bury all + counter-revolutionists under the land of liberty, + by means of mines. + Barrere proposes to banish all those who are averse + to republican government. + 20. Decreed, that the vulgar aera (sic) be abolished, + and that a new manner be adopted of dividing days + and years, to be called the Republican Calendar. + The French attack the Duke of Brunswick, and are + repulsed near Bitche; several actions take place in + consequence. + 21. Decreed, that no produce or manufacture of England + shall be imported into France or the colonies, but + in French bottoms; nor foreign ships convey the + commodities of France from one French port to + another, under pain of confiscation. + 22. A great number of persons of distinction arrested. + The King of Prussia leaves his army, and returns to + Berlin. + The Prussians make the French to retreat in the + dutchy (sic) of Deux-ponts. + Two thousand millions of assignats issued. + 29. Prince Cobourg passes the Sambre, and invests + Maubeuge. + Decreed that all fathers and mothers shall inform + where their children, in a state of requisition, + are concealed. + Barrere proposes, that as the French nation has + proclaimed liberty to the earth, it should proclaim + liberty also to the sea. + Madame Du Barry, General Houchard, General + Quetinau, and Marshal Luckner, are prisoners in the + Abbaye. + The Duchesses of Grammont and of Chatelet, with + many other nobles, are imprisoned in the Hotel de + la Force. + The number of prisoners in Paris is 2560. + The Queen remains in a dungeon of the Conciergerie, + her trial not yet commenced; nor that of the + deputies, who were put out of the protection of the + law. Brissot, and others, taken and carried to + Paris. + <i>Oct</i>. 1. The French obtain a victory over the Sardinians in + the Tarentaise, and in Maurienne. On the side of + Saorgio, the Sardinians have some advantages over + the French. + A great number of members are arrested in the very + convention, and delivered to the revolutionary + tribunal. + Drouet, who stopped the King at Varennes, falls + into the hands of the Austrians. + The constitutional bishop of Derdogne (sic) + presents his new wife to the convention. + 6. Gorsas, a member of the convention, is arrested in + the Palais Royal, and guillotined in 24 hours. + Disgrace of Generals Houchard, Schomberg, and + Landremont, who are replaced by Jourdan, Delmas, + and Moreau. + Thuriot complains to the convention, that Jourdan + is appointed to a command, and enjoys public + confidence; a man of blood, fire, and pillage, + whose name posterity will not read without horror. + The national agent, Hebert, reduces the prisoners + in the temple to the strictest regimen; the Queen + is served on pewter. + 8. The allies gain considerable advantages over the + French at Toulon. + Cambon proposes to discredit specie in order to + raise the value of assignats. + Billaud Varennes proposes the immediate trial of + the Queen. + Arrest of all the members of the constituent + assembly, who protested against the constitution of + 1791. + Republican women appear at the bar of the + convention, declaring that they, as well as men, + are conscious of their rights, and know how to + resist oppression. + 8. Lyons, after some days of siege, is forced to + submit. Barrere moves, that the city be destroyed, + and that a column be erected on the spot, with + these words engraven on it, "Lyons waged war + against liberty; Lyons is no more." + 13. The allies make themselves masters of the Strong + and famous lines of Weissembourg. Lauterbourg + surrenders to them next day. + All monuments of former Kings who were buried at + St. Denis, are destroyed by order of the + convention. + 15. The Queen appears at the bar of the revolutionary + tribunal; Fouquier, the public accuser, reads the + list of injuries and grievances with which she is + charged, and immediately obtains a sentence of + death against her; she hears it with downcast eyes, + and without uttering a word. + 16. Marie Antoinette of Austria, Queen of France, is + conveyed in a cart to the place of execution, her + hands tied behind her back, and with her back to + the horse's tail. She mounted the scaffold + quickly, amidst acclamations of the people, which + excited only a smile of pity in her. She looked + earnestly at the Tuilleries, and seemed to dwell + upon the place where her children were; before she + was fastened to the guillotine, she threw her eyes + up to heaven, and Soon after her head was severed + from her body. + Decreed, that the money of France be changed into + francs of gold and of silver, and into republicans. + Work-houses established to prevent begging. + General Ferrand, writing to the convention an + account of his exploits in Arragon and Catalonia, + says, that he expects to plant the tree of liberty + on the walls of Madrid next campaign. + Prince Cobourg, attacked by the French, raises the + siege of Maubeuge, and repasses the Sambre. + 17. The French are successful in Piedmont. + It is announced to the convention, that the + intruding bishop of Moulins officiated in a red + bonnet, and with a pike instead of the cross and + mitre. + Every external sign of religion is abolished. The + inscription on burying places is, "that death is + "only an eternal sleep." + 22. André Dumont informs the convention from Abbeville, + that he was making the cross and crucifix to + disappear. "I shall comprehend in my proscription + "all those black animals called priests." + The convention orders, that the news of the + conquest of La Vendée be sent to all the + departments. + 24. The royalists again appear, and gain great + advantage over the republicans. + Decreed, that every city which surrenders without + standing one assault shall be razed to the ground. + Permission granted to women to regulate their + fortune, as well as their husbands. + The number of prisoners in Paris amounts to 4000. + The French attack the allies for six days + successively; always bringing up fresh troops; + constantly repulsed, they still return and take + possession of the post, if possible, at any + expence. + 27. New decree against priests. + The French lose 3000 men in two actions; one + against Wurmser, and a second against the + Prussians. + The royalists of La Vendée compleatly (sic) defeat + the French republicans. + The French, who had taken Menin, Courtray, Furnes, + who besieged Nieuport, and threatened Ostend, are + obliged to retire, and evacuate all they had got in + Brabant. + The commissioners at Lyons write, that 800 workmen + are labouring to demolish the city, pursuant to an + order of the convention. Lyons was the second city + of France. + 30. The Duke of York retakes Marchiennes, and makes + 1629 prisoners. + 31. Twenty-one members of the convention guillotined in + 37 minutes, viz. Brissot, Verniaud, Duprat, Valaze, + Gensonnet, Le Hardy, Ducos, Boyer, Fonfrede, + Boileau, Gardier, Du Chastel, Sillery, Fauchet, + Duperret, La Source, Carra, Beauvais, Mainville, + Antiboul, Végée, and La Case. + The royalists of La Vendée take the island of + Noirmoutier. + <i>Nov</i>. 1. Egalité conveyed from Marseilles to the prison of + the Conciergerie in Paris. + A column of Vendeans passes the Loire at Ancenis. + Two actions between the Spaniards and French; the + latter lose between five and six thousand men. + A member proposes to guillotine all farmers and + labourers that monopolize. + Decreed, that all lead, iron, copper, and bells of + churches, shall be applied to the use of the war. + The British ambassador presses the Grand Duke of + Tuscany to join the allies. + Decreed, that natural children shall share + inheritances equally with legitimate; provided the + parents have no other husband or wife. + Spoils and plunder of the churches are daily sent + to the convention. + The grand master of Malta takes part with the + allies against France. + Philip Egalité (formerly Duke of Orleans) is + guillotined upon the scaffold to which he brought + his unfortunate King. + Lidon, a member of the convention, shoots himself. + Complaints from all parts of want of bread. The + inhabitants declare they have only a quarter of a + pound of bread each a day. + Bailly, first mayor of Paris, guillotined. + General Beaulieu defeats the French, and forces + them to retreat to Philipville. + Ordered, that farmers of the national domains pay + their rents in kind. + Some persons are ordered to take away by night the + shrine of St. Genevieve, the patroness of Paris, + and whom the Parisians always respected peculiarly; + it is carried to the Mint. + 7. Gabet and his constitutional clergy renounce in the + convention the sacerdotal character. + Madame Roland is condemned to death and executed + the same day, with five municipal officers of + Pont-de-Ce. + 11. Festival of Reason, in the cathedral of Paris. + A woman is appointed to receive the homage there + which is denied to the Deity. + 12. The royalists of La Vendée continue their + successes. + The Piedmontese still unsuccessful, losing their + camp and stores at La Magdeleine. + The national vengeance is at length glutted with + the blood of the inhabitants of Lyons; between 2 + and 3000 persons have been massacred by tying them + together, and firing upon them with case-shot; and + the sabre finished those whose wounds were not + mortal. + Fort-Louis surrenders to the allies. 200 persons + are guillotined at Strasbourg for hesitating to pay + their proportion of a sum ordered to be raised in + that city within 24 hours. + Collot d'Herbois and Foucher, commissioners at + Lyons, write, that the work of destruction goes on + too slow. Mines and fires are necessary to forward + the demolition of so great a city. + The allies make a sally from Toulon, kill 2000 + French, destroy the works, and take eleven pieces + of cannon. + Manuel and Cassy, members of the convention, and + Generals Houchard and Brunet, are guillotined. + 18. Thuriot, Chabot, Bazire, L'Aunay, all deputies, are + imprisoned. Chamfont cuts his throat. Several + actions near Bitche, between the French and + Prussians; the latter are forced to retire. + On the other hand the French lose 8000 men in an + action against Wurmser. + The Sardinians after two actions are forced to + retreat. + Monsieur Lavordy, formerly comptroller of finances, + guillotined. + 26. The Vendéans beat the republicans, and take the + post of Austrain. + The Sardinians under General Brentano repulse the + French. + The Spaniards obtain a victory. + Chambon, member of the convention, mayor of Paris + at the King's massacre, is put out of the + protection of the law, and killed by the + inhabitants of Tulle, among whom he had taken + refuge. + Gen. La Morbiere is guillotined. + 27. The royalists of La Vendée take several towns in + Brittany; on the 19th they take Granville, but + evacuate it. + Barnave, a deputy to the first assembly, one of + the, authors of the revolution, and Duport, then + minister of justice, guillotined. + 29. Project to erect a monument upon the Pont-Neuf, + representing the people as giants. + The convention receives from all parts the letters + of priesthood from the intruders. + Decreed, that a municipal officer with a red bonnet + shall inter the dead. + Robespierre declaims against the eagerness with + which they set about the work of destroying + religion. + A deputation of women appears at the bar with the + red bonnet. + Decree, offering rewards to every abjuring priest. + At Rochefort and other cities the pictures and + books of the churches are burned. + St. Domingo taken by the English. + The orator of the students of the republican school + comes to the bar, to assure the convention that he + and his comrades detest God. + Remonstrances of Mr. Drake, the British minister, + to the Senate of Genoa on the subject of + neutrality. + A member informs the convention that ten thousand + firelocks are made in Paris daily. + Decreed, that a colossal statue be erected in Paris + 46 feet high, with the rights of man and the + constitutional act for a pedestal. + Furious declamation of Robespierre against the + British government. + 30. General O'Hara, commander at Toulon, taken prisoner + by the French. + The inhabitants of Marly send to the convention all + the precious effects of the palace of Marly, and + all the iron of the famous works of that place. + Decreed, that all the lakes and marshes of the + republic be dried, and sowed with grain of various + sorts. + <i>Dec</i>. 1. The Jacobins of Nantes drown 90 priests destined + for Guiana, by sinking the ship in which they were + embarked. + Madame du Barry, the Duke Chatelet, the two + Rabauts, members of the convention, Kersaint and + Noel, members also, are all guillotined. The + ex-minister Claviere kills himself in prison. + One hundred and fifty persons guillotined at + Dunkirk. + The festival of an ass celebrated at Lyons, in + derision of religious worship. + Collot d'Herbois informs the convention of the + massacres which he has executed at Lyons. + The right wing of the Austrian army takes 1200 + prisoners, and kills 1700. + The Prince of Condé takes 7 cannon, and kills 1300 + men. + The Duke of Brunswick kills takes and (sic) 6000 + men. + 3. Wurmser defeats the army opposed to him, kills + 10,000, and makes 5,000 prisoners. + 4. The French evacuate Deux-Ponts, having lost immense + numbers of men and of artillery. + Raymond le Veuve is guillotined at Bourdeaux (sic). + The French attack the Austrian and Prussian armies + almost daily, and are constantly repulsed with + loss. + 11. The French, notwithstanding their constant losses + continue to attack the lines of the allies. They + lose 5000 in an attack near Haguenau. + Valadi is discovered and guillotined. + 12. The royalists are defeated with great loss near + Mans. + In an action near La Guerche, the Vendéans kill + 7000 republicans, and take their artillery. + Birateau, member of the convention, guillotined at + Bourdeaux. + The festival of reason celebrated in all cities of + France, as in Paris. + Madame de Villette, niece of Voltaire, dies on the + scaffold. + 14. The French make an attack on the posts of the + allies on the side of Courtray, and are repulsed. + The general, with his aid-du-camp (sic) and staff + to the number of 25, are arrested at Lisle. + 16. The French again attack the lines of Gen. Wurmser, + and are again repulsed with great loss. + 18. The royalists of La Vendée are again victorious + near Concale. + Toulon is retaken by the republicans, its name is + changed on the motion of Barrere, to that of the + "Port of the Mountain." + Letter of Chabot from the prison of the Luxemburg + to the convention. + 20. The Duke of Brunswick, near Weissembourg defeats + the French army, kills 10,000, and takes their camp + and baggage with 47 pieces of artillery. + Rejoicings in Paris on account of the retaking of + Toulon. + The French, after having so often attacked the + allies with great loss, and returned as often to + harrass (sic) them still, at length carry their + point. They take 16 cannon, kill 500 men, and + recover the strong lines of Weissembourg. + 27. The allies raise the siege of Landau. + 1794. + <i>Jan</i>. 1. The representatives of the people, in order to get + rid of prisoners in La Vendée direct that all of + them be thrown into the Loire. + 2. The island of Noirmoutier is retaken by the + republicans; 800 royalists are killed and 1200 are + made prisoners. + 3. The old marshal Luckner, and the son of General + Custine, guillotined. + 4. Eight hundred emigrants perish in crossing the + Rhine. + The States of Brabant require great contributions + for the expence of the war. + Bourdon de L'Oise complains, that the minister is + still too monarchical, and he demands that one + purely republican be appointed. + The Prince of Talmond, one of the chiefs of the + royalists, is taken by the republicans near + Fougeres. The remains of his army joins the + Chouans. + The Chouans, who now begin to be distinguished, are + so called from two brothers, gentlemen of that + name, who were particularly active in levying + troops in Brittany for the service of the + royalists. + 6. Mons. d'Espremenil, a counsellor of the parliament + of Paris, and an ex-constituent, thrown into + prison. + General Cartaux sent to the Conciergerie. + Chambon, comptroller of finances, complains that + printing the names of emigrants on large paper is + too expensive, and moves that the small octavo be + used. + Decree of accusation against Roncin and Rossignol, + generals of the republic in La Vendée. + The revolutionary tribunal of Lyons, to please the + people, burns in effigy the Emperor, the Kings of + England, Spain, Prussia, and Sardinia, Mr. Pitt, + and the Pope. The city of Toulon is also burnt in + the representation of a woman. + La Mourette, intruding bishop of Lyons, guillotined. + Herbert is convicted of having received from the + national treasury, for his journal "Le Pere du + Chesne," in June 1793, 123,000 livres, and in + October 60,000 livres. + 11. Thomas Payne and Anacharsis Cloots imprisoned in + the Luxemburg. + Ordered by the jacobin club of Paris, that all + sarcasms and philippics, uttered in their tribune + against the government and constitution of England, + be printed and sent to the patriots in the three + kingdoms. + The convention decrees, that all inscriptions on + monuments shall be in the French language. + Decreed, that all property real and personal of the + farmers-general shall belong to the nation. + Pondicherry surrenders to the British. + The president of the convention reads a letter from + Vitré. "The souls of most of the royalists have + "been sent to the Eternal Father; we are every day + "destroying the Chouans, those infernal banditti." + The French are active in restoring the lines of + Weissembourg to cover the siege of Fort-Louis. + The Baron Latude guillotined; he had lived many + years in the Bastille, and was called the proof and + victim of despotism. + The committee of public safety remove Simon, the + shoemaker, from the office of tutor and preceptor + to the son of Louis XVI. confined in the Temple; + and resolve that there is no need of any other in + his place. + A manufacture is offered to the convention of + cloth made of two-thirds hair. + 19. The chimney-sweepers request of the convention the + release of Abbé Fenelon, who had been a father to + them during 60 years. + 21. The anniversary of the death of Louis XVI. is + declared in the convention a day of glory. + Between the 13th of December and the 24th of + January, 325 persons were guillotined at Lyons, and + 330 shot. + Generals Wurmser and the Duke of Brunswick are + succeeded by Generals Braun and Moellendorff. + The female citizen Chapuis, daughter of the + general, demands to serve as a dragoon. + The Count d'Artois sends his diamonds to Marshal + Broglio for the use of emigrants. + Motion by Rhul against the Elector of Bavaria. + A deputation of Americans demand the release of + their countryman Thomas Payne. The president + replies that he is an Englishman. + 27. Decreed, that all castles in conquered countries + which cannot be used as hospitals shall be burned. + Decreed, that sixty-two millions of assignats shall + be at the disposition of the war-minister + 29. every month. And that 95,000 cavalry be raised for + the next spring. + 30. Upwards of three thousand peasants, prisoners from + La Vendée, are guillotined or shot at Nantes. + 31 Perigord Tayleyrand, bishop of Autun, ordered to + leave England. + <i>Feb</i>. 1. Mons. La Borde, the former court banker, and father + of La Borde de Merville, an ex-constituent, is + forced to purchase his liberty with a large sum of + money. + The opera of "Toute la Gréce" is in great + vogue—the story of it is, that Philip, seeing all + Greece rising in a mass, begs for peace; Greece + refuses to make peace with a King. + Report to the convention, that excellent soap is + made of potatoes. + 4. Slavery abolished in all the colonies. + Pichegru appointed commander of the army of the + North in the room of Jourdan. + The treasurer Cambon states to the convention that + last year 4,885,764 livres were coined of copper + and bell-metal. + A deputation of blacks appears at the bar to be + received as brethren. + Decreed, that every officer and soldier, of + whatever rank, shall have an equal quantity of + provisions, a man having but one stomach. + 7. The 48 sections of Paris appear at the bar to + protest against any suspension of arms. + All mints for coining money suppressed, except that + of Paris. + The commune of Chamberry sends to the convention + twelve thousand marks [Footnote: Eight ounces + each.] of silver, together with the sword of Prince + Eugene, five feet long. + Manifesto of the Germanic body to justify the war + with France. + The Prince of Talmond and fourteen priests + guillotined. + One of the two brothers, of La Vendée, from whom + the Chouans took their name, is killed by the + republicans. + A bloody quarrel between the republican and + revolutionary soldiers of the French army. + The Vendeans obtain advantages at Cholet. + The Duke and Duchess of Luynes, and Mons de + Montmorency, an ex-constituent, imprisoned. + A work is published under the sanction of the + convention, proving that the national domains, that + is, the estates of the king (sic), the nobles, the + clergy, and the emigrants, are worth twenty + milliards of livres. + Deputies from the county of Mot Belliard demand its + union with France. + The old name of Marseilles is restored; it had been + forfeited by a decree, and was called "Sans-nom." + 18. The Abbé Maury is promoted to the dignity of + cardinal. + Troops sent from Paris to La Vendée receive orders + to travel fourteen leagues a day. + 20. Thomas Payne claims protection of the club of + Cordeliers, who return for answer the vote he gave + on the King's trial. + Mons. du Chaffault, lieut.-general of marines, an + officer of great services and high estimation, is + massacred in Poitou at the age of eighty-five + years. + The convention, on the motion of Barrere, decree a + political lent, in order to leave the more animal + food for the sick and aged. + A petition from Burgundy demands the death of young + Capet. + Death of Cardinal de Lomenie du Brienne, one of the + earliest promoters of the revolution. + St. Just makes a motion, the object of which is, to + excite the people to murder and vengeance, for 1200 + years of crimes which had been committed against + them. + Motion by Danton for an agrarian law. + 26. Report upon La Vendée. It consists of sixteen + departments of forty square leagues, between the + Loire and the sea, from Painboeuf to Saumur. + The sister of Mirabeau is reduced to solicit alms + of the convention. + <i>March</i>. Several sections of Paris complain to the + convention of a scarcity of provisions. + Decreed, that all the property of priests, either + banished or imprisoned, be confiscated for the use + of the state. + Danton makes a flaming republican speech to the + convention. + All horses of the plough put in requisition. + The number of prisoners in Paris amount to 6100. + 9. The minister of justice proposes to institute a + committee of insurrection, to overturn all the + monarchies of Europe. + The sale of the property of emigrants amounted in + the year 1793 only to twenty millions of livres, + not half the real value of the estates of one + emigrant alone, the Duke de Montmorency. + The number of victims destroyed by the guillotine + or grape-shot at Lyons, to this date, amounted to + somewhat more than five thousand. + Populus, an ex-constituent, guillotined at Lyons. + The clubs of the jacobins and cordeliers form an + alliance. + At Nevers seventy-four priests, who refuse to take + the oath, are guillotined. At Dijon fourteen + nobles suffer the same fate, because they used the + titles of Count and Baron. + The merchants of Bourdeaux are all arrested on the + same day, and condemned to the guillotine; but are + permitted to redeem their lives by paying one + hundred millions of livres, to which they are + forced to submit. + 14. Robespierre invents a conspiracy, or pretended + treason, in order to secure his authority. + The wife of Momoro, who had played the part of + first goddess of reason, guillotined. + All strangers are banished from Paris. + The Vendeans are beat on the left bank of the Loire + by General Cordelier. + The convention states the expences of 1793 to be at + the rate of four hundred millions of livres a month. + 15. Hebert and his partizans (sic) are arrested. The + jacobins betray the cordeliers. + 17. Herault de Sechelles guillotined. + 21. The Emperor forbids his subjects to make any + payments in France. + 24. The island of Martinico submits wholly to the + English. + A secret is laid before the convention of removing + the impression of ink from paper, and of rendering + it as new. + Wives of emigrants forbid to marry foreigners. + Eight thousand men sent to La Vendée. + The revolutionary army is disbanded. + Means discovered to expel foul air, by burning + common salt moistened with oil of vitriol. + 30. The brother of Abbé (now Cardinal) Maury + guillotined at Avignon. + 31. Jourdan appointed commander in chief of the army of + the Moselle. + Barrere exclaims against atheism and irreligious + principles. + <i>April</i> 5. Danton, Camille des Moulins, Fabre d'Eglantine, De + l'Aulnay, Chabot, La Croix, Philippeau, Bazire, and + Julien, all voters for the King's death, delivered + to the revolutionary tribunal, and guillotined. + Danton, when asked his name and quality, replied, + "a being now that in a few hours will be a + non-entity." + Camille des Moulins, being required to tell his + age, replied, "the same as the sans-culottes Jesus, + "34 years." + Westerman, who stiled (sic) himself the conqueror + of royalists, the Abbé d'Espagnac, and many others, + are guillotined. + 7. Formal entry of the Emperor into Brussels. + Decreed, that the executive council be suppressed, + as incompatible with republican government. + Chambon states the expence, extraordinary and + revolutionary, 1,600,000,000 livres. + A deputation at the bar of the assembly demands, + that death be the order of the day. + The prisoners in Paris amount to 6763. + Dumas, a deputy, pretends to point out a method of + knowing a counter-revolutionist by his physiognomy. + St. Lucia taken by the English. + 9. Gobet, intruding bishop of Paris, guillotined. + The honours of the pantheon voted to Rousseau. + 12. The city of Oneglia taken by the French. + St. Just, in the convention, asks the question + "What is a King compared with a French citizen?" + 14. The allies repulse the French on the Lys. + The daughter of Sultan Achmet III. who had fled + into France, and found refuge there during 64 + years, obtains alms of the convention, viz. 6oo + livres, (about 25l. sterling.) + 18. Laborde, a wealthy banker who had several times + redeemed his life by large sums of money, is + guillotined. + The principal members of the parliaments of Paris, + and of Toulouse, are guillotined. + 20. The woods of Vitré and Rennes burned to dislodge + the royalists. + 21. Gen. Beaulieu beats the French at Arlon. + 22. Guadaloupe taken by the English. + The old Mons. de Malsherbes, one of the generous + defenders of Louis XVI. guillotined. + 24. The allies beat the French near Cambray. + 26. The Duke of York takes 35 pieces of cannon, and a + French general; he kills 5000 men, and makes 3000 + prisoners. + To facilitate the sale of the lands of emigrants, + they are divided into lots of three hundred livres + each, and twenty years credit given. + 28. The French seize Courtray the day of the annual + fair, and get a great booty. + 29. General Clairfait gains a considerable advantage, + killing 3000 men, and taking several cannon. + 30. Landrecy surrenders to the Emperor with a garrison + of 6ooo men. + In this month were executed, besides those + mentioned already, Monsieur d'Espréménil, + Chaumette, procureur of the commune of Paris, Gen. + Arthur Dillon, Hebert and Simon, deputies, Gen. + Roncin, Momoro, Anarcharsis Cloots, a deputy, Du + Buisson, Goutte, an intruding bishop, Gen. Beisser, + the Marquis of Chateau Briant, the Duchesses of + Chatelet and Grammont, the Viscountess de + Pont-Ville, Thouret and Chapellier, two very active + revolutionists. + Kosciusko puts himself at the head of a revolution + in Poland. + <i>May</i> 1. In the prisons of Paris 22,000 persons are + confined, and in all the departments of France + 653,000. + The Duke de Biron, upon sentence of death being + passed upon him by the revolutionary tribunal, + cried out, "I deserve it, for having betrayed my + "King and served his enemies." + The Count du l'Aigle, being also condemned, said to + the people, "It is not my head, it is bread and + "your King that you ought to demand." + Decreed, that all royal houses shall be kept for + the use and enjoyment of the people. + 10. Robespierre obtains decrees to admit the existence + of a Supreme Being, and of the immortality of the + soul; and for the establishment of decadary + festivals. + In La Vendée, General Haxo, after the example of + General Moulin, blows his brains out, to avoid + being taken prisoner. + All letters coming into France are opened. + From the 29th of April to the 4th of May, 109 + persons are guillotined in Paris, and many more in + the departments. + In the valley of Aost, 6000 French were killed by + the peasants of Piedmont. + Barrere announces the capture of a Spanish camp, + with two hundred cannon, and two thousand men. + All the farmers-general are accused in a mass, and + sent to the revolutionary tribunals, + The town of Sargio and Piedmontese camp taken by + the French. + 11. Seventy-one persons, among whom are 27 + farmers-general, are guillotined. + Madame Elizabeth, sister of the late King, is + carried before the revolutionary tribunal and + interrogated, " What is your name?" "Elizabeth + "Philippine Marie Helene de France." + "Your quality?" "Aunt of the King." These last + words are scarcely pronounced, when the tribunal + condemns her to death. + 12. The next day she is conducted to the scaffold, with + 25 persons who were guillotined in her presence; it + being directed that she should suffer the last. + She died at the age of thirty years, and left a + character of unblemished purity. + Decreed, that all aged and infirm priests be kept + in houses belonging to the republic. + Report upon mendacity. Decreed, that the + convention will efface the name of beggary and + poverty from the annals of the republic. + The town and citadel of Bastia taken by the + English. + The commune of Sens writes to the convention, that + it has dug up all the bodies of the Capets that + were interred in their cathedral, in order to bury + them in ordinary ground. + An address to the French nation is prepared by + Barrere, and published by the convention, + concluding with these words: "Let the English + "slaves perish, and let Europe be free." + 13. Revolutionary tribunals suppressed, except that of + Paris. + 14. L'Huillier kills himself in prison, and Rebecqui + drowns himself—both active agents in the massacres + of Avignon, and of the 2d of September. + 15. Kaunitz forces the French to repass the Sambre with + the loss of 5000 men. + 18. The Duke of York, with 3500 men, is attacked by + 15000 French, and forced to retreat. + General Beaulieu, near Bouillon, kills 3000 French, + and takes 700. + 22. Battle near Tournay, lasts 16 hours; the French + lose 12,000 men, and the allies 3000. + A French army of 10,000 men penetrates into + Luxembourg. + 24. Kaunitz takes 80 cannon, kills 2000 French, and + takes 3000. + Insurrection of the patriots at Liege. + The Emperor quits the army, and returns to Vienna. + 29. Battle of Germersheim; the French lose 400 killed, + and 600 taken prisoners. + A plot to assassinate Robespierre and Collot + d'Herbois fails of success; the former obtains a + guard for his person. + <i>June</i> 1. The British fleet under Lord Howe engages the + French; the latter loses eight sail of the line. + 2. The convention decrees, that no Englishman or + Hanoverian shall be made prisoner in battle—no + quarter to be given, but all without reserve to be + put to the sword. + The Duke of York communicates this barbarous decree + to his army, in a manner that does honour to a + soldier and to a man. + The guillotine is destroyed by the people at St. + Brieux, and the revolutionary tribunal expelled. + 4. The French are routed near Charleroy with the loss + of 4000 men. + The man who saved Collot d'Herbois from + assassination, obtains a pension of 1500 livres a + year. + Decreed, that the members of the convention, when + on duty, shall wear marks of distinction. + Proclamation of the Emperor to induce all Brabant + to rise in a mass. + A military school is instituted in the plain of + Sablons near Paris. + Decreed, that a new grammar be published, to give + to the language of liberty a character that is + suitable to it. + 8. Jourdan, called Coupe-tête, general of the army at + Avignon, guillotined. + The son and daughter of Louis XVI. employed to make + shoes and shirts for the nation. + 10. General Clairfait is obliged to retreat. + The French take Port-Vendre, Collieure, and St. + Elme. + 13. A festival to the Eternal. Robespierre acts the + part of Pontiff. The ceremony is designed to + satisfy the people, by putting an end to atheism. + The members of the convention assume the + distinction of a plume of feathers in the hat, and + a three-coloured scarf. + The French army in Maritime Flanders amounts to + 170,000 men. + The inviolability of the members of the convention + is renewed. + A large convoy from America with corn arrives in + France. + 16. The French lose 7,000 men in an action near + Charleroy. + Ypres surrenders to the French—this conquest opens + all Brabant. + The numerous forces opposed to the allies oblige + them to retreat. + 20. One milliard two hundred and five millions of + livres in assignats issued. + Port-au-Prince taken by the English. + The dread of the guillotine causes fifty thousand + persons to emigrate. + 21. Commencement of a quarrel between Robespierre and + Bourdon de l'Oise, and another between Tallien and + Robespierre. + Ninety-four nuns transported to Africa. + Twenty-one members of the parliament of Toulouze + (sic) guillotined at Paris. + 26. Every thing in France is put in requisition, men, + horses, provisions, and all sorts of property. + 28. Some terrible conspiracy is supposed, and announced + to the public in order to authorise new massacres. + "Paris," says Barrere, "shall be henceforth the + "city with a hundred gates; each gate shall + "announce some triumph, or some revolutionary, + "epoch". + 29. The French besiege Charleroy. + The number of persons guillotined this month is as + follows. From the first to the ninth of June, 100 + On the 9th, 22 + 10th, 30 + 11th, 33 + 12th, 8 + 13th, 20 + From 14 to 17th 103 + 17 to 20th 50 + On the 21st, 26 + 22d, 14 + 25th, 48 + 27th, 29 + Total guillotined in Paris in the month of June 483 + + <i>July</i> Religious worship abolished at Liege, the priests + banished, and the churches demolished. + 3. Sir Gilbert Elliot receives the crown of Corsica in + the name of the King of Great-Britain. + Proclamation of the Stadtholder on the dangers + which threaten Holland. + A festival of the human race at Paris—it ends with + adopting poor children. + The French take Mons and Ostend; 87 persons + guillotined. + Newport also falls to the French—130 emigrants + shot. + Tournay taken by the same. The British + 7. forced to evacuate Alost. Fifty persons condemned + to death. + 8. The Austrians quit Brussels; the French enter it, + and retake Landrecy. + Spires, Mechlin, and Louvain, abandoned by the + allies. + Sixty persons guillotined at Brest. + Robespierre, in an address to the convention, is + heard for the first time with coolness. + The plunder of the churches of Brabant is sent to + the convention, together with two millions of + livres in specie from Mons. + 18. Namur opens its gates to the French. + 19. Revolution at Geneva. + The convention is charged in its accounts with 150 + reams of paper a day;—each of its decrees costs + 83,000 livres; on the first of April last, 6800 + decrees had been passed by the three legislatures. + The members who compose the committee of public + safety, at this time of havoc and universal terror, + are Robespierre, Couthon, Billaud Varennes, + Barrere, Collot d'Herbois, Lindet, Prieur, Carnot, + and St. Just. + 26. Robespierre denounces to the convention one hundred + of its members. A party instantly rises against + him. He is attacked by Billaud Varennes and + Tallien, and thunderstruck with the accusations + against him. + 27. Robespierre endeavours to kill himself; the wound + not mortal. + 28. All the following persons are guillotined this day: + Robespierre the elder and the younger, Couthon and + St. Just, members of the convention; Henriot, + commander in chief of the Parisian guard; La + Vallette, another commander; Dumas, president of + the revolutionary tribunal; Lescott Fleuriot, mayor + of Paris; Payan, chief agent of the commune; + Viviers, a criminal judge, and president of the + jacobin club; Simon, preceptor of the young Prince; + upwards of eighty municipal officers; one Deputy, a + commissioner with the army, and one general + officer, all partizans of Robespierre. + Tallien proclaims in the convention, that the day + of the tyrant's death is a festival for universal + fraternity. + From the 1st to the 19th of July were guillotined + in Paris, in all 406 persons. + On the 20th, 34 + 21st, 29 + 22d, 46 + 24th, 30 + From 25th to 27th 135 + 28th, 22 + 29th, 70 + Total guillotined in July 772 + + <i>Aug</i>. 1. At this time the guillotine remains unemployed. + The convention charges sixteen committees with the + management of public affairs. + 2. The Spaniards are defeated—The French take + Fontarabia and St. Sebastian. + Pichegru, with 190,000 men, is commanded to conquer + Holland. + 3. Prince Cobourg calls upon the States of Germany to + assemble and oppose with unanimity the alarming + mass of French troops which is on the point of + breaking in upon them. + 5. The convention abolishes Robespierre's system of + terror. + Brussels gives a civic feast on account of its + union with France. + The French enter Treves, and summon Breda. + Pelet solicits the convention for the return of + order, of justice, and of commerce. + 10. The English take possession of Calvi. + 11. The states-general earnestly exhort the Dutch to + defend themselves. + 13. A general release of prisoners confined in France + by order of Robespierre—they amounted to upwards + of 500,000. + Quesnoy retaken by the French, with 3000 men. + The telegraph first made use of. + 15. An ambassador from America receives the fraternal + kiss. + 26. L'Ecluse surrenders by capitulation to the French. + Ordered, that all persons may travel freely without + passports in the interior of the republic. + The new ambassador from Geneva received in the + convention. + 29. Valenciennes surrenders; its garrison consisted of + 8ooo men, of whom 1100 were emigrants. + 30. Condé surrenders to the French. + Frèron and Tallien propose measures of moderation, + that is, a system opposite to that of terror. + <i>Sept</i>. 1. The Emperor threatens to withdraw his troops, if + the circles of Germany do not support him better. + The academy cf arts and sciences of Paris discovers + a method of making pot-ash from the horse-chesnut + (sic). + Bois-le-Duc and Breda inundated. + The convention passes some decrees favourable to + the emigrants. + 5. Rochelle and Montfort denounce the nobles and + priests. + 6. An orator of one of the electoral clubs of Paris + presents a petition, which he is unable to read. + Bertier acquaints the convention that he has set at + liberty all prisoners in the North under 15 years + of age. + The convention receives numerous congratulations on + the death of Robespierre. + Tallien resigns his seat as member of the committee + of public safety. + Motion of Barrere against bankers and stockjobbers. + An attempt is made to assassinate Tallien, but he + escapes with some severe wounds. + 10. The flag of the republic of Geneva is received into + the convention. + Merlin, of Thionville, makes an animated speech in + the convention against the jacobins. + The two ruling parties in the convention are, the + partizans of terror, called the Mountain. and the + Moderates. + Protests and placarts (sic) are stuck up in all + parts of Paris against the despotism of the + convention. + 11. The convention decrees that all those shall be + subject to the laws against emigrants, who quitted + France since the 1st of July 1789, and did not + return before 9th of May 1792. + Decreed, that the nation will pay no more salaries + to ministers, or others officiating in any + religious worship. + Motion by Duhem to expel all that remains of the + family of Capet from the territory of the republic. + Report of Lindet on the state of France, in which + are marked its dangers, errors, and disasters. + The Spaniards are forced to give up the important + city of Bellegard to the French at discretion. + 12. The Piedmontese are repulsed with considerable + loss. + 13. Great commotions at Marseilles. + 15. Ordered, that the remains of Marat be interred in + the Pantheon. + 16. The British and Hanoverians pass the Rhine with + some loss. The Duke of York retires to Nimeguen. + Ceremonies established for the observance of the + days called "Sans-culottides," which are the + supplementary days of the republican calendar. + General Clairfait marches towards Cologn (sic), and + passes the Roar (sic). + The French invest Maestricht, and take possession + of Aix-la-Chapelle, Malmedi, and Spa. + Balloons are used by the French to make + observations of their enemy's proceedings. + Twenty-nine waggons loaded with gold and silver, to + the value of 18,359,404 livres are brought to Paris + from Belgium. + The throne of the Elector of Treves is among the + spoils. + 25. A national festival is celebrated at Paris on + account of the evacuation of the French territory + by the enemy. + 27. Crêvecoeur surrenders by capitulation to the + French. + 30. The allies still continue to retreat. + Decreed, that all directories and all municipal + bodies of the republic shall be purified; and all + revolutionary committees reorganized. + <i>Oct</i>. 1. General Clairfait passes the Rhine. + Keyserslautern taken by the Prussians. + 3. The French enter Juliers. The body of Rousseau + transferred to the Pantheon. + 4. Bommel and Bois-le-Duc surrender to the French. + The garrison of Nimeguen sallies, and kills 2000 + French. + Proclamation of the Prince of Orange, exhorting the + Dutch to resist the enemy in a body (en masse.) + 5. Lyons permitted to resume its name—confiscation, + and massacres are suspended there. + 6. The convention addresses the French people to + acquaint them that henceforward the order of the + day shall be "severe, but not atrocious or + "sanguinary justice." + Pichegru makes himself master of Cologne, Gueldres, + and Cleves. + French soldiers who died this campaign in the + hospitals at Lisle, amount to 47,000. + The English pass the Rhine. The French enter + Bonne (sic). + The chiefs of the royal and catholic armies in + Bretagne make a solemn appeal, to the French + people, to incite them to rally about the standards + of religion and of the King. + The following contributions were levied by the + French in Brabant: + Livres. + + At Antwerp 10,000,000 + Ghent 7,000,000 + Brussels 5,000,000 + Bruges 4,000,000 + Mechlin 1,260,076 + Lierre 500,000 + Oudenarde 500,000 + Ipres 1,000,000 + Alost 4,000,000 + Ostend 2,000,000 + Courtray 3,000,000 + Ath 150,000 + Mons 1,640,875 + Louvain 2,000,000 + Namur 5,000,000 + Huy 126,171 + Total 51,177,122 + + 12. The Russians entirely defeat the Poles under + Kosciusko, and take Warsaw. + The French take Worms; and pass the Rhine. + 20. The British and Dutch defeated on the banks of the + Meuse. + 25. The French take Coblentz and Venloo. + Six thousand young women put in requisition in + Brabant to attend the hospitals. + The states of Holland openly abandon the interests + of the Stadtholder. + Great numbers of emigrants shot at Ipres, Neuport, + and l'Ecluse. + Freron, the journalist, attacks furiously in the + convention the remains of Robespierre's party. + Proclamation by General Washington to check the + buds of rebellion in America. + Assignats burned to the 30th of September last, + amounted to 2,367,000,000 livres. + All public ordinances by the representatives of the + people begin in this form, "The thunder of God: in + "the name of the representatives of the people, it + "is commanded under pain of death, &c." + Address from the court of Madrid to stimulate the + Spanish nation against the French. + Motion by Baraillon to imprison all those who have + had national property conveyed to them under its + value, and those who have laid waste the lands and + houses of emigrants and of condemned persons; and + all those who have misapplied public money. + Decree to abolish the jacobin club. + <i>Nov</i>. 4. Rhinfeld surrenders at discretion; Maestricht by + capitulation. + Nimeguen surrenders. + French commissaries proclaim liberty at Martinico. + Billaud Varennes endeavours in vain to revive the + jacobins. + The convention offers full pardon to the rebels of + La Vendée who will lay down their arms and serve + the republic. + Guadaloupe is retaken by the French. + Cambon reports that assignats in circulation amount + to 6,400,000,000 of livres, and the expence of the + present year to 2,200,000,000 livres. + Addresses of congratulation from all parts on the + overthrow of the jacobins. + 17. The Spaniards defeated by the French. + Republican General Dugommier killed. + 20. The Spaniards again defeated—three generals taken. + St. Fernard, Figueras, and Aspaetta, surrender. + 30. Grave surrenders to the French. + Carrier and his bloody accomplices decreed to be in + a state of accusation. + Decreed, that all emigrants be for ever banished + from the republic, their property confiscated, and + their return punished with death. + <i>Dec</i>. 1. The French make several unsuccessful attempts on + the side of Mayence, but are repulsed with loss. + 7. Ten members of the revolutionary committee of + Paris, convicted of peculation (sic) and abuse of + power, are condemned to twenty years imprisonment, + and to stand six hours in the pillory at the Place + de Grêve, the place of common executions. + The municipality of Nantes forbid all persons to + drink the water of the river Loire, on account of + the infection from the dead bodies which were + victims of Carrier's cruelty. + 8. The seventy-one members who had been proscribed by + Robespierre resume their seats in the convention. + 11. The French pass the Waal, attack the Hanoverians, + and retire. + 12. Utrecht taken by the French. + 19. The Dutch send commissaries to Paris to treat of + peace. + 25. The Austrians retire across the Rhine. The French + pass the Meuse, having taken fort St. André. The + Dutch regiments of Hohenloe and Bentinck lay down + their arms. + 26. The English quit Bommel abandoning their artillery. + The law which forbad quarters to the English and + Hanoverians is repealed. + Clundest surrenders to the French. + Loizeroles submits to be imprisoned and to be put + to death in the stead of his son. + 30. The decree of Robespierre revoked, which condemned + those to death who had connection with nobles or + clergy. All his laws decreed to be reviewed, and a + plan proposed of forgiving all revolutionary + crimes. + The French take 120 pieces of cannon, and 1600 + prisoners. + A great fire in the arsenal of Landau. + Pensions decreed to men of letters. + Upon a motion by Clauzel, a prosecution is decreed + against all the accomplices of Robespierre, who is + called "the butcher of the French people." + The British parliament votes almost unanimously for + the prosecution of the war. + Carrier suffers on the scaffold for all his + atrocities. + 1795. + <i>Jan</i>. 1. The salary of members of the convention raised from + 18 to 36 livres a day. "Keep your 36 livres, (said + "some persons on this subject) but let us have a + "Louis." + The people of Lyons drag about the streets the bust + of Marat, Challier, and Pelletier de St. Fargeau, + who had but lately been objects of their idolatry. + A woman appears at the bar of the convention, + furnished with scythes, by means of which it was + stated that a woman and child could mow five acres + in a day. Honourable mention! + Decreed, that the sovereignty of the people is + inalienable, and that they have a right to chuse + (sic) any form of government except royalty. + 3. The French are dislodged from their position at + Wardenberg by the English and Austrians. + The French attack the British rear-guard. + 9. The whole British army passes the Rhine. + 10. The French army passes the Waal in different points + at the time on the ice, and takes possession of + Thiel. All the rivers of Holland and the Low + Countries are frozen over so as to bear the + heaviest weights, and favour the operations of the + French extremely. + Cambon states the number of livres in circulation + in the form of assignats to amount to + 9,600,000,000; and he proposes a lottery to reduce + the number to four milliards (each one thousand + million). + Mercier makes a bold speech in the convention + against the abolition of religious worship. + 14. The French attack the British along their whole + line from Arnheim to Amerongen. + The Prince of Orange and his son resolve to quit + the Hague. + The states of Holland agree with the French to + deliver up their country to them. The Fleet of + Holland is locked up by the ice, and shares the + fate of the country. + An imposition of one million of livres in specie is + laid upon Liege, and a thousand livres a day for + every day's delay. + Hostages are sent from Liege to Paris. + Utrecht summoned and taken without opposition. + Wurcum, Dorcum, and Dort, taken. + 18. Pichegru sends detachments to take possession of + Leyden, Amsterdam, and the Hague. + The Princess of Orange and her daughter-in-law + depart for England. + Tallien moves in the convention to put to death all + the partizans of the system of terror which covered + France with bastilles and scaffolds. + Breda, Bergen-op-Zoom, Gertruydenberg, and + Williamstadt, open their gates to the French, upon + hearing that Holland was given up. + The French generals require that within the space + of one month Holland shall supply them with 200,000 + quintals [Footnote: 100lbs. each.] of flour, + 1,000,000 of rations of hay, 200,000 rations of + straw, 1,000,000 bushels of wheat, 150,000 pair of + shoes, 200,000 shirts, 20,000 pair of boots, 20,000 + coats and waistcoats, 30,000 pair of breeches, + 150,000 pantaloons, 50,000 hats, and 12,000 oxen. + 28. Duhem is ordered to the Abbaye prison, for saying + that aristocracy and royalism were triumphant. He + is refused admittance, there being no room. + 31. Report on the finances states that the expences of + the last month exceeded the receipt by 218,779,475 + livres. + Dubois Crancé, on the state of the republic, + reports, that eleven hundred thousand men are under + arms. + <i>Feb</i>. 2. A ship is laid on the stocks at Brest called "the + "Avenger of the Country," intended to carry 136 + guns; 24 feet longer, and 3 feet wider, than any + ever built. + The assembly of the provisionary representatives of + the United Provinces acknowledges the rights of man + and the sovereignty of the people, dismisses the + states-general, abolishes the office of + stadtholder, suppresses the regency of the Hague, + and appoints a new committee of the India company. + A deputation from the people of colour thanks the + convention for liberty granted to the negroes + (sic). + Disturbances at Rouen, and other great cities. + Four presses of false assignats seized at Paris. + Ordered, that deputies be sent to the colonies + beyond the Cape of Good-Hope. + 4. Gouly harangues the convention to inflame it + against England, which has usurped, as he said, a + tyrannic dominion over the sea. + Petitioners appear at the bar, demanding bread. + Zealand capitulates. + The republic of Basle acknowledges the French + republic. + A decree upon religious worship, which seems to + allow it more liberty than of late. + Rovere in full convention charges Syeyes with + having been an instrument and counseller of + Robespierre. + 8. Tumults at the theatres in Paris. + 9. The sections of Paris demand the trial of Barrere, + of Collot d'Herbois, and Billaud Varennes. + 10. The convention ratifies a treaty of peace with + Tuscany. + The administration of Belgium addresses the + convention, desiring an union with France. + 11. Barrere, Collot d'Herbois, and Billaud Varennes, + decreed to be under arrest. + Antwerp informs the convention that 40,000 Belgians + are ready to join the army of the republic, and + give the last blow to the impious coalition of + crowned tyrants. + The convention appoints to the command of its eight + armies Pichegru as commander in chief, Jourdan, + Moreau, Kellerman, Sharer, Moncey, Clancaux, and + Hoche. + 14. Deputies are nominated for the East-Indies. + 16. The Dutch announce that they have begun the great + work of their regeneration. + 17. Decreed, that all letters belonging to Robespierre + be printed. + 19. Suspension of arms between the royalists of La + Vendée and the republicans. + Assassinations at Avignon. + 23. Conferences between Charette and the commissioners + of the convention. + The French bombard Luxemburg. + Emigrants enrolled in London for an expedition to + the coast of France. + The liberty granted to the press gives public + writers an opportunity of expressing their + sentiments boldly of the convention, and of the + revolution. + 27. Charette, Stofflet, and their officers, dine with + the French commissioners. + 28. Charette joyously received at Nantes. + Cambon states that the expences of this month + exceed the revenue by 443,164,974 livres. + <i>March</i> 1. A reward is offered for destroying wolves. + 4. Carnot presents the following description of the + last campaign, viz. 27 victories, of which, 8 were + pitched battles. 120 actions of smaller + importance. 88,000 enemies killed, and 91,000 made + prisoners. 116 places or strong cities taken, of + which 36 were by siege or blockade; 230 forts or + redoubts; 800 pieces of cannon, 70,000 muskets, + 1,900,000 pounds of powder, and 90 stands of + colours, taken by the republic. + Victory of Admiral Hotham in the Mediterranean. + Commotions in Paris for want of provisions. + Eleven persons massacred at Toulon. + Insurrection at Bourdeaux. + The convention has many debates about Barrere and + his associates. + The Dutch are required to give up to the French + republic all the coined money in their possession. + Rouzet tells the convention it is time that France + should resume her rank among civilized nations. + 5. A committee is appointed to prepare a constitution + (the third in five years). + Boursault reports that the war in La Vendée is + extinguished, but that another had broken out, + called that of the Chouans. + Le Sage denounces the wind which blew down the flag + from the convention-hall. + Decreed, that the 71 deputies proscribed by + Robespierre resume their places. + 14. The treaty of peace with the Vendéans read in the + convention, except the secret articles. + Boissy d'Anglas harangues upon the atrocities in + France, which he attributes to royalists. + 17. A committee is appointed to treat with foreign + powers. + Carletti is received as ambassador from the Grand + Duke of Tuscany. + <i>April</i> 1. Tumults in Paris for bread and a constitution. + 2. Tumults continued at Paris and Amiens. + Barrere, Collot d'Herbois, Vadier, and + Billaud-Varennes, condemned to be transported to + Guyana. + 4. Tumults continue. + 5. The King of Prussia makes peace with the republic. + Motion made to discredit the republican calendar as + an act of despotism worthy of Robespierre. Fails + of success. + The convention takes a guard of 554 life-guard men, + and sixty of the artillery. + The newspapers of Paris speak of the convention + with great boldness. + To quiet the people, it is given out that corn is + coming in from all quarters. + Admiral Renaudin receives orders to put to sea. + Baron de Stael is sent as ambassador from the King + of Sweden to engage in friendship and alliance with + the convention. + Rhull ventures to pronounce in the convention an + eulogy on the old monarchy. + The deficit in the last month amounts to + 660,000,000 livres, + Discourse of Thibadeau to inflame republicanism. + Several communes petition for their former churches + and worship; the convention passes to the order of + the day. + Fortier, compiler of the paper called "The + "Political Correspondence" imprisoned for saying + "that if all the monsters who murdered Louis XVI. + were dead, not a Frenchman would shed a tear over + "the tomb of any one of them." + Sylverster, from the tribune, assures the French + people that notwithstanding the scarcity there is + no danger of starving. + Cambon, who had been treasurer three years and a + half, arrested. + The convention grants to the Duchess of Bourbon + relief to the amount of 18,000 livres; about 70l. + according to the value of assignats. + Credit appears to revive; 270 livres in assignats + for the louis. + Patroles (sic) are doubled in Paris; much + apprehension is entertained. + 19. The convention announces peace with the Chouans. + <i>May</i> 1. Decrees severe against emigrants. + Preliminary articles signed between France and + Holland. + Seventy persons massacred in a tumult at Lyons. + On the motion of Dubois Crancé, decreed, that three + milliards of assignats be issued. + S. The Spaniards defeated near Figueras. + Motion to permit a loss of two per cent. a month on + assignats. + Vernier, successor to Cambon, states the expence of + the last campaign at 3,000,000,000 in assignats; + and the last month at 738 millions. + 15. An alliance offensive and defensive concluded at + the Hague between France and Holland; the first + article excludes the Stadtholder for ever; the + second assures to France one million of livres for + the expence of the war. + A vigorous action near Mayence. + Great agitation at Naples; several disturbers of + the peace imprisoned. + A deputy complains earnestly against the facility + with which divorces are obtained. + The Sardinians defeated near Mount St. Bernard. + Decreed, that Le Bon be brought to trial charged + with cruelties equal to Carrier's. + Twenty members of the revolutionary tribunal + guillotined. + 20. An alarming insurrection of the people of Paris + against the convention; Ferrand, a deputy, is + massacred at the feet of the president; the + assassin of Ferrand is condemned + 22. to death, but is rescued by the people; the + 23. suburb St. Antoine marches against the convention, + which is in extreme danger and + 24. alarm; divisions take place among the insurgents, + and they lose their force at once. After having + had the advantage some time, the terrorists are + overcome by the moderates. + The convention resumes its deliberations, disarms + the fauxbourgs, decrees the arrest of a great + number of its own members, and orders the immediate + execution of fifty of the chiefs of the + insurrection. + Decreed, that Barrere's transportation be + suspended, and that he be tried again, his sentence + being too mild. + The terrorists rise at Toulon, as at Paris, and are + subdued with much difficulty and bloodshed. + 25. The Chouans, seeing themselves betrayed and + deceived by a phantom of a treaty which had been + held out to them as secure and permanent, again + take up arms. + 28. Rhull blows his brains out. + A petition is presented to the convention demanding + a separation of the supreme powers, as the only + means of guarding against tyranny. + The Spaniards are again defeated by Kellerman. + A camp of 3000 men, chiefly cavalry, formed at the + Tuilleries. + A proclamation of the convention to French seamen + concludes thus, "War, eternal war, against the + "English." + Lanjuinais obtains a decree for freedom of + religious worship. + 31. Decreed, that the revolutionary tribunals, created + May 13, 1793, be suppressed. + Ordered, that the tribunals prosecute the authors + and accomplices of the massacres of Sept. 2, 1792. + The convention, afraid that Barrere's trial should + take up too much time, decrees that he be + transported to Africa. + Among the papers of the jacobins is found an order + of the old committee of public safety to pay + 100,000 livres for printing the correspondence of + that society. + A journalist in Paris ventures to write thus: + "Legislators, do not exhaust your strength and + "genius in discovering that which has been done + "before your time; give us the best government you + "can; consider that the people of France were the + "happiest and the longest so of any people; give us + "the laws we have been used to." + <i>June</i> 1. The commune of Valenciennes deliberates in a full + assembly whether it should continue to acknowledge + the convention; or whether it should not arrest the + representative Lamar. + 5. Dutch ambassadors are received in the convention, + and the treaty of alliance between the republics + ratified. + 6. The Vendéans declare that the treaty with them is + shamefully evaded; and they again take up arms. + Their brave leader Charette publishes a manifesto. + Decreed, that the property of those condemned or + executed since the establishment of the + revolutionary tribunals shall be restored to their + families; except those of Louis Capet, and his + wife, of Philip Egalité, and Madame du Barré (sic). + Decree to apply the palace of Versailles to + national uses. + Assignats burned to this month amount to + 2,623,680,000 livres. + 7. The fortress of Luxemburg, almost impregnable, + surrenders to the French from want of provisions. + 8. Louis Charles, the descendant of 60 Kings, the son + of Louis XVI. whom the royalists acknowledged as + King since the 21st of Jan. 1793, under the name of + Louis XVII. in the eleventh year of his age, + finished his unhappy life and vain reign in the + prison of the Temple, where he had been confined + near three years without communication with any + friend. History alone will hereafter instruct the + world whether or not he died a natural death, as + the convention took great pains to have it + believed. + 11. Decree in favour of those whom the tyranny of + Robespierre caused to fly from the kingdom. + A motion is well received to declare the produce of + the next harvest public property. + General Santerre, long detained in prison, and + released at the death of Robespierre is again + denounced. + Proposed "' to change the odious name of + "revolutionary committee, and to suppress the + "infamous red bonnet, as being only the symbol of + "blood." + 14. The republicans receive a severe check at + Grand-Champ from the royalists. + The law repealed which forbad the wives and + daughters of emigrants to marry foreigners. + The republicans charge the royalists with violating + the late treaty. The latter retort the charge. + The republicans claim the victory of the 14th ult. + The nephew of General Dubois writes a letter full + of invective and gall against the convention. + All sorts of pastry forbidden, on account of the + scarcity of corn. + The decree which declares all assignats, bearing + the King's bust, to be of no value in future, takes + away from private property one milliard, 665 + millions, and 157 thousand livres. + The expence for public instruction amounts to + 300,400,000 livres. + 20. Romme, Goujon, Duquesnoy, Soubrany, Duroy, and + Bourbotte, members of the convention, and active + leaders in the late riots, are executed. + 23. Boissy d'Anglas reads a new constitution, which the + convention proposes to read article by article. + Insurrection at Arras for bread. + The convention orders a school of 200 apprentices + to watch-making. + 26. Bellisle is summoned by the English, and returns a + resolute answer of defiance. + A complete victory obtained over the Spaniards. + 2. The emigrants in England are put under the orders + of Puissaye, and disembark at Quiberon. + The deputies Peyssard and Forrestier condemned to + prison. Prieur de la Marne and Albitte escape + judgment by flight. + The value of a louis-d'or is up to 1000 livres. + All citizens from 16 to 60 commanded to serve in + the national guard; and in their oath to swear + these words, "Hatred against Kings". + Decreed, that murders, which were to be punished + with 20 years imprisonment, shall in future be + punished with death. + A member proposes that the convention should look + back and punish all judiciary assassinations, + abuses of authority, massacres, and arbitrary acts + committed since the 1st of Sept. 1792. The + convention passes to the order of the day, saying, + that such retrospect would involve half of France. + All the members of the revolutionary committee of + Brest are delivered over to the tribunals. + The Vendeans have further successes. + Fresh massacres are committed at Maçon. + A section of Paris demands of the convention that + it should efface the inscriptions on the gates of + churches, by which the nation, at the instance of + Robespierre, granted a certificate of existence to + the Supreme Being, and insured immortality to the + soul. + The churches in Paris are opened, and service + performed with great ceremony. + 22. Lord Bridport engages the French fleet, and takes + three sail of the line. + 30. The convention decrees that the daughter of the + late King shall be given up to the Emperor, in + exchange for the commissioners whom Dumourier had + put into the hands of the Austrians. + <i>July</i> 1. The powers of the administrative bodies at Lyons + are suspended, and the mayor ordered to the bar of + the convention. + The "Reveil du Peuple"(awakening of the people), a + new song against the terrorists, is in great vogue. + Lanjuinais proposes to suppress the publication of + the votes of the convention, which costs the nation + 2,300,000 livres annually. + Report of Genissieu in favour of transported + priests. + Tallien and Blad, members of the convention, + ordered to repair instantly as representatives to + the department of La Vendée. + 2. Le Bon, pale and trembling, enters the convention, + and begins his defence: "His crimes (he observes) + "are those of the convention itself, under whose + "orders he acted." + 3. Horrid massacres in the Southern provinces. + Various skirmishes between the French and Austrians + reported. + Bread 16 livres a pound in Paris. + Bloody action at Chatillon between the Chouans and + republicans. + The convention decrees that France is a republic, + one and indivisible. + 6. Le Bon continues his defence. + Bresson asserts that it is impossible to make + France a democratic republic; he votes for a + senate, an executive power, and censors. + A member complains that the rights of man only, and + not the duties of man, are subjects of + consideration. + 14. Anniversary of the French revolution celebrated. + Project of a national tontine. + A loan of a milliard at three per cent. + Lanthenas reads a motion from Thomas Paine, he not + being able to speak French. + Mons. d'Hervilly is wounded near Aurai (sic). + Warm action between the republicans and Chouans + near L'Orient. + Le Bon proceeds with his defence. + Disorders at St. Malo; and at Lyons. + 15. The royalists attack the camp of St. Barb; forced + to retreat. + 16. The Spaniards again defeated. + 17. Le Bon decreed to be in a state of accusation. + Report of a complete overthrow of a Spanish army. + Tumults at the theatres. + France contains 28,000 square leagues of 2280 + toises. Each league contains 3,850 acres (arpents) + which make 105,400,000 acres. Valuing the acres + one with another at 150 livres each, the total + value of the lands would be 15,810,000,000. The + debts of the republic at this time are + 17.500,000,000, and these are secured by the lands; + there is a deficit therefore of 1,690,000,000. + 20. The regiment of Hervilly murders its officers, and + 8oo of them desert, giving the word of order to the + republican general. + The emigrants at Quiberon, being betrayed to + General Hoche, a general attack is made on them, + and almost all are cut to pieces. The brave Count + Sombreuil, after distinguished proofs of generous + gallantry, is taken prisoner. + The prisoners are ordered to Vannes, with General + Sombreuil, the bishop of Dol, and other + considerable persons. + Tallien, in his reports to the convention, states + the loss of the royalists at 10,000 men and that of + the republicans as trifling; his whole report + appears extravagant. + Another victory over the Spaniards is gained by the + republicans. + Peace is concluded with Spain. + Fresh, but unsuccessful, attempts are made to + induce the convention to give up the republican + calendar. + 23. Ordered, that the committee of legislation make a + report upon all the laws relative to divorce. + 28. Read in the convention the treaty concluded at + Basle between France and Spain. + The convention decrees two festivals, one in honour + of the fall of Robespierre, the other of the 10th + of August. + 30. Mons. Querini, ambassador from Venice, arrives at + Paris. + Report of another victory obtained over the + Spaniards the 17th of this month. + A plot discovered at Rome to open the prisons, to + put to death the principal persons of the + government, and burn the houses of the cardinals. + A proclamation from Louis XVIII. to all his + subjects, dated Verona. + The chiefs of the royalist army solicit succours + from the British government. + <i>Aug</i>. 1. Motion by La Riviere "to pursue with national + "justice all execrable terrorists". + Comartin, Jarry, Boisgontier, and eight chiefs of + the Chouans, contrary to the faith of the treaty, + are seized and brought up to Paris. + 2. The convention ratifies the peace with Spain. + The laws of divorce suspended. + All the departments make great complaints to the + convention of a scarcity. + 3. The eight chiefs of the Chouans, Comartin, Jarry, + Gazel, la Nourraye, Salignac, Dufour, Boisgontier, + and de la Haye, delivered to the military tribunal. + Disorders at St. Omer's. + The workmen at the wharfs (sic) at Paris refuse to + work without two hundred livres a day wages. + 4. Boudin moves to put an end to the revolution. + 6. The colonies decreed a part of the French empire. + 8. Journalists denounced; several deputies arrested, + among whom is Lequinis. + More deputies denounced; Dupin, Piori, Po, Massieu, + Chaudron, Rousseau, Fourche, and la Planche, + decreed in a state of accusation. + The Count Sombreuil, the Bishop of Dol, and 600 + emigrants, condemned by the tribunal of Vannes to + be shot. + 13. In the prisons of Paris 4413 persons are confined. + Nantes in great distress. + The convention discusses the subject of a + constitution. + A deputation from Belgium demands to be united with + the French republic. + 16. Treaty of friendship between the French nation and + the regency of Tunis. + The convention decrees a new constitution. + The King of Spain ratifies the treaty of peace with + France. + The convention annuls all revolutionary sentences + passed since March 13th, 1793, except those of the + tribunals of Paris. + The emigrants not comprized in the exceptions are + for ever proscribed. + 21. The convention decrees that two-thirds of the + succeeding legislature shall be chosen out of the + present convention. + Violent declamation of Tallien against emigrants + and royalists. + All clubs or popular societies are by the decree of + the convention abolished. + The Count d'Artois lands in England on his way to, + and with the design of forming a junction with, + Charette. + A new mode of preserving corn discovered by a + physician of Montpelier. + 22. Tumults in the theatres of Paris. + The convention brings large bodies of troops into + Paris. + Boissy d'Anglas, presenting a picture of France + triumphant on all sides, and forcing Kings to court + its friendship and alliance, beseeches the + convention to distinguish the last moments of its + existence by acts of beneficence, healing all + wounds, drying up tears, and repairing by the force + of justice those evils which tyrants had brought + upon the world. + 24. Lyons is denounced as attached to royalty. + 25. The constitution is declared to be perfected. + The word <i>Sans-Culotides</i> is excluded from the + calendar. + 28. The section of Mail complains that the capital is + filled with troops. + Treaty of peace between the Landgrave of + Hesse-Cassel and France. + Several sections complain of the number of troops + in Paris, and of the election of two-thirds of the + present convention into the next legislature. + General Montesquieu, and the ex-constituent + Talleyrand Perigord, recalled by a decree into + France. + 30. Much discontent in Paris; the sections make + considerable movements; every thing seems to + forebode an explosion. + 31. The constitution is laid before the people for + their acceptance, and approved of in general; but + the election of two-thirds disliked + <i>Sept</i>. 1. Decreed, that the property of transported priests, + which had been confiscated by former laws, shall be + restored to their families. + Decreed, that no minister may officiate in public + or private without having submitted to the laws of + the republic. + Decreed, that Louise Marie Adelaide de Bourbon + Penthievre, wife of Philip Egalité, be restored to + liberty. + 6. Dusseldorff taken by the French; the army of the + Sambre and the Meuse passes the Rhine under General + Jourdan. + The section of the French theatre denounces the + members of the deputation of Paris to the + convention, as authors of the crimes of the 2d of + Sept. 1792, and 31st May 1794. + Decreed, that the relations of emigrants be + excluded from every employment administrative or + judiciary. + Of six thousand three hundred and thirty-seven + primary assemblies, containing 958,226 persons, + 914,800 voted for accepting the constitution, + 41,892 rejected it, (so the convention reports); + consequently it was decreed that the new + constitution is become a fundamental law of the + state. + As to the re-election of the two-thirds—of 270,338 + voters, 167,757 voted for the re-election and + 95,373 against it. + The convention declares the enlargement from prison + of all terrorists who had been imprisoned since the + death of Robespierre. + The committee of marine writes thus to the + convention: "We are going to prepare arms in our + "arsenals and forges against the most perfidious of + "our enemies, against the haughty England, which + "must fall under the efforts of a nation which has + "subdued the rest of Europe." + 20. The army of Pichegru having passed the Rhine near + Manheim, this city surrenders itself to the French + by capitulation, of which one of the articles is, + that the Palatinate shall be considered a neutral + country. + The convention addresses the Parisians, to inform + them that if any attack be made upon the national + representatives, the convention will remove to + Chalons-sur-Maire (sic). The convention, which + never had so much apprehension for its safety, + ordered the republican columns to march to its + defence. + Decreed, that every member of the convention shall + make a declaration of his fortune before, and since + the revolution. + Joubert, representative of the people, writes to + the convention, that the French, since their + passage of the Rhine, have taken 371 pieces of + cannon, 331,000 pounds of powder, and other stores. + Decreed, that Belgium and all the countries which + are, or shall be, conquered from the House of + Austria, shall be incorporated with the French + republic. + The section of Le Pelletier writes severe truths to + the convention. + The salaries settled by the constitution upon the + 750 members of the next legislature, amount to 174 + millions of livres a year. The salary of the five + members of the executive directory amounts to + 20,400,000 livres. + According to the new organization, Belgium and the + county of Liege form nine departments, of which, + the chief towns are Bruges, Ghent, Antwerp, + Brussels, Liege, Maestricht, Mons, Namur, and + Luxemburg. + A funeral ceremony in honour of the victims of + decemviral tyranny. + A famous resolution of 33 sections of Paris is the + cause of a terrible explosion hereafter. + Proclamation of the convention on the danger which + threatens. + An afflicting picture given of the state of the + Southern provinces of France, by a representative + of the people who was an eye witness of it. + The primary and permanent assemblies of Paris + demand of the convention the re-imprisonment of the + terrorists, and enquiry into the conduct of the + committees of government. + <i>Oct</i>. 5. An extraordinary fermentation agitates all Paris. + A civil war is ready to break out. The clashing of + arms, the general beating of drums, and the cannon, + are heard on all sides. Several bloody engagements + take place between the sections and + conventionalists. Two thousand dead bodies lie in + the streets. The party of the convention, by the + aid of the troops of the line and of a formidable + artillery, defeats the insurgents. + Execution and proscription of the chiefs and movers + of the insurrection. + Tallien renews his motion to transport all those + who did not like a republican government. + The Count d'Artois, under convoy of Sir John + Warren, takes possession of l'Isle Dieu (sic). + A French squadron of six sail of the line falls in + with a valuable British convoy from the + Mediterranean, and captures the Censeur, a 74 gun + ship, and several merchantmen. + Vernier, the organ of the committee of finances, + proposes to substitute money made of some metal in + the place of 18 milliards of assignats in + circulation. + The inhabitants of Versailles supplicate the + convention to take into consideration the sad state + of their commune. + A horrible picture is laid before the convention of + massacres in the South; the banks of the Rhone and + of the Durance are said to be covered with dead + carcases, upon which the dogs are feeding. + Garnier de Saintes addresses from the tribune the + royalists of France. "Insects," (says he) "return + "to your nothingness; ye shall perish, whilst we + "shall be masters of the world, with which we will + "share our fortune and our liberty." + Tallien prophesies, that before three months a + counter-revolution will be effected; and he + therefore advises his colleagues to make their + political testament. + Thibadeau immediately accuses Tallien of all the + calamities of the revolution. + Clairfait and Wurmser compel the French to repass + the Rhine precipitately, and obtain great + advantages over them. + Baudin, the organ of the committees of government, + proposes to the convention to adopt a plan of a + general amnesty for any act regarding the + revolution, excepting always the banished priests, + the emigrants, the fabricators of forged assignats, + and the assassins of the South. + As to the punishment of death, it is not to be + abolished till peace be established. + 24. Rewbell pretends that the new government cannot + establish itself but by calling in the assignats, + and substituting an augmentation of taxes. + The convention, having proclaimed an amnesty, + declares its sittings at an end; and to make up the + 500 members who are to remain, it constitutes + itself into an electoral body. + Le Bon is condemned to death by the criminal + tribunal of Amiens. + The colonists of St. Domingo, who are at Paris, + nominate their deputies to the new legislature. + 26. From the 12th to the end of this month the + Austrians continue without ceasing to pursue the + French, and to destroy them in great numbers. + + CHAPTER IV. + + THE new legislature, or fourth assembly of the + French, enters upon its office. It is composed of + a legislative body of 500 members; of a council of + ancients 250; of an executive directory of 5 + members; and of 6 ministers, viz. for the interior + department, for the war, for justice, for the + admiralty, for foreign affairs, and for finances. + The five members of the executive directory are, La + Reveillere, le Paux, la Tourneur, Carnot, Rewbell, + and Barras; all ex-deputies of the national + convention. + <i>Nov</i>. The legislative body is employed in discussing a + decree passed in the last sitting of the + convention, which imposed a tax of six milliards on + the landed property, and two milliards upon + industry. + The criminal tribunal acquits Gen. Menon, suspected + of having taken part in the, rebellion of the + sections. + The depreciation of assignats is at this time so + great, that a pair of shoes costs 300 livres, a + yard of cloth 3000, a bushel of potatoes 120, a + pound of bread 40, a pound of coffee and of sugar + 175, a pound of candles and of soap 80 livres each; + a louis-d'or is worth 4,600 livres. + The executive directory obtains a grant of three + milliards, to be at its discretion distributed + among the different offices. + The subsistence of Paris not being assured, it is + decreed, that 250 quintals (each 100lbs. weight) be + levied on the departments bordering on Paris. + The Cape of Good-Hope is taken by the English. + The trial of Comartin, one of the chiefs of the + Chouans, occupies at present the military tribunal, + and all Paris. + The republican generals, and many deputies of the + convention are implicated in this affair. + A ship full of emigrants, among whom are the Duke + de Choiseul and the Count de Montmorency, is driven + by a tempest into Calais. They are given up to the + criminal tribunal of that city. + Besides the sum above granted to the executive + directory, twenty-one millions more are allowed to + them. Thirty millions more added for the expences + of the legislative body. + 23. Public and formal audiences are given by the + executive directory to foreign ambassadors. + Insurrection of 15,000 peasants in the Velay. + Manheim is taken by the Austrians; 394 pieces of + cannon are found in it. + Worms and Spires are retaken by the Austrians. + Decreed, that the executive directory may sell the + moveable or personal property of the republic, (le + mobilier) even to the timber in the national + forests. + <i>Dec</i>. According to the report upon the finances, the + arrears due amount to 3,500,000,000 livres; the + debt to the national bank is 31,000,000 in specie, + and 7,500,000 in specie to foreigners. + The service of the next month requires + 20,220,000,000 in assignats. + Letter from the directory to the legislative body + declaring, that the state is in the most calamitous + situation; that the springs of government are + almost broken, that the public treasure is + exhausted, and that they are threatened with evils, + which may overwhelm the republic. + Decreed, that a forced loan shall be levied of + 600,000,000 in specie upon a million of citizens. + It is computed that by means of three hundred + millions in specie, thirty milliards of assignats + will be taken out of circulation. In this forced + loan assignats are to be taken at one per cent. + A motion is made to sell Compiegne, Fontainbleau, + Chantilly, Ramboullet, Meudon, St. Germaine, St. + Cloud, Choisy, Vincennes, and the wood of Boulogne. + The legislative body decrees 1500 millions for the + service of the armies. + Boissy d'Anglas proposes to restrain the liberty of + the press. + The city of Deux-Ponts taken by the French under + General St. Eyr (sic). + The supplying Paris alone with provisions costing + 350 millions every ten days, the directory + acquaints the legislative body that the funds + granted for that purpose are exhausted. + Decreed, that the directory shall nominate all the + judges not elected by the primary assemblies. + All the ministers agree in declaring that every + thing is lost, if haste be not made in procuring + funds. + Merlin of Douai, minister of justice, writes to all + the criminal tribunals, to perform their duty with + energy towards the emigrants, against whom the + republic had sworn eternal war till death. + New successes of the republicans in Italy. + The Austrians continue to obtain advantages over + Pichegru and Jourdan. + Gronville, envoy from the republic to Copenhagen, + is threatened with recall if his Danish Majesty + does not acknowledge the French republic. + Cambon, to exculpate himself from charges of + misconduct, publishes an account, setting forth, + that during forty-four months of his administration + there were issued only 11,578,056,623 livres in + assignats, and in the ten months and a half after + him there were issued 17,852,226,000 livres in + assignats. +</pre> +<p> +Judgment and Execution of +</p> +<center> +LOUIS XVI. KING OF FRANCE; +</center> +<center> +WITH A LIST OF THE +</center> +<p> +<i>Members the National Convention</i>, +</p> +<p> +Who voted for and against his Death. +</p> +<center> +AND +</center> +<p> +THE NAMES OF MANY OF THE MOST CONSIDERABLE SUFFERERS +IN THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, +DISTINGUISHED ACCORDING TO THEIR PRINCIPLES. +</p> +<center> +THE THIRD EDITION. +</center> +<p> +BY H. GOUDEMETZ, +<i>A French Clergyman, Emigrant in England</i>. +</p> +<p> +TO THE TRULY HUMANE AND BENEVOLENT, WHOSE LIBERALITY THE AFFLICTED +STRANGER HAS SO LARGELY EXPERIENCED, THIS LITTLE PUBLICATION, +HONOURED WITH THEIR PATRONAGE AND PROMOTED BY THEIR MUNIFICENCE, +is, IN TESTIMONY OF THE GRATITUDE WITH WHICH HIS HEART OVERFLOWS, +MOST THANKFULLY AND RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED, +</p> +<center> +BY THEIR EVERLASTINGLY OBLIGED AND DEVOTED HUMBLE SERVANT, +</center> +<center> +H. GOUDEMETZ, +</center> +<center> +****** +</center> +<center> +JUDGMENT +</center> +<center> +AGAINST +</center> +<center> +LOUIS XVI. +</center> +<p> +IN the National, Convention of France, [Footnote: N.B. In this +Convention, 76 were ex-nobles; between 50 and 60 ex-priests; the rest +consisted of lawyers, merchants, husbandmen, and a great number of +artisans, men who had no property, but what they acquired by spoil +from the rich.] on the 17th, 18th, and 19th days of January, 1793, +the three following questions were successively put to the vote. +</p> +<center> +QUESTION THE FIRST. +</center> +<p> +Is LOUIS guilty or not? +</p> +<p> +Of the 745 members of the Convention, 20 were absent, 5 sick, 27 gave +modified opinions, 693 voted in the affirmative. +</p> +<p> +President "I declare in the name of the National Convention LOUIS +"CAPET to be found guilty of a conspiracy against the liberty of the +"nation, and of an attempt to disturb the public security." +</p> +<center> +QUESTION THE SECOND. +</center> +<p> +<i>Shall the sentence to be passed upon LOUIS be referred to the +sanction of the people?</i> +</p> +<p> +The result of the <i>appel nominal</i> on this question was; 3 sick; 20 +absent; 10 refused to vote; 283 voted for, and 424 against it. +</p> +<p> +President "I declare in the name of the National Convention, that its +"sentence shall not be submitted to an appeal to the people." +</p> +<center> +QUESTION THE THIRD +</center> +<p> +<i>What punishment shall be inflicted upon LOUIS?</i> +</p> +<p> +The <i>appel nominal</i> for the definitive sentence, by DEPARTMENTS. +</p> +<center> +****** +</center> +<p> +[Editor's note: The decisions of the members of the convention are +given Department by Department and the list is followed by an +alphabetical list of the members with the page number on which each +appears. For this reason it has been decided that the page numbers +of the original publication should be shown from this point.] +</p> +<center> +****** +</center> +<p> +N.B. The first column expresses the name and quality of the voters; +the second, the manner in which they gave their votes; in the third, +those who voted for death absolutely are distinguished by the mark +; +those for death with restrictions as to the time, by the letter D; +those for detention, banishment, &c. by the letter O; absentees (a); +not voted, by (nv); sick by (m); the fourth column shows the fate +or punishment of many of the members; A signifying <i>assassinated</i>; +G <i>guillotined</i>; I <i>imprisoned</i>; M <i>massacred</i>; P <i>proscribed</i> and S +<i>suicides</i>. +</p> +<pre> +****** + + Page 151 + + 1. HAUTE GARONNE (TOULOUSE) + + Mailhe Death...............................................+ + Delmas Death...............................................+ + Projean Death...............................................+ + Perès "We are a Political body, and not a court of + "justice; we cannot make ourselves, judges without + "becoming despots. I vote for confinement + "(<i>reclusion</i>) and afterwards banishment."..........O + Julien Death...............................................+ G + Calès Death...............................................+ + De Sacy Death, with respite (avec sursis)...................D + Mazade "I do not think I have power to judge; I am for + "confinement."......................................O + Rouzet Detention...........................................O I + Drulhe Detention...........................................O + + 2. GERS (AUSCH) + + La Plaigne Death...............................................+ I + Montaut Death...............................................+ I + + Page 152 + + Descamps Death...............................................+ I + Dubarran Death...............................................+ I + La Guire Death...............................................+ + Cappin Detention...........................................O + Jehon Death...............................................+ + Bousquet Death, with discussion as to the time...............D + Moysset Detention...........................................O I + + 3. GIRONDE (BOURDEAUX) + + Vergniault Death...............................................+ G + Gensonnè Death...............................................+ G + Guadet Death, with respite.................................D PG + Jay Death...............................................+ + Ducos Death...............................................+ G + Gazeau Death...............................................+ + De Leyre Death...............................................+ I + Fonfrede Death...............................................+ G + Grangeneuve "Although many Of my colleagues have manifested + "sentiments ill agreeing with the impartiality of a + "court of judicature; and have employed all + "possible means of influence, in order to extort + "from the national convention a sentence of death; + "I vote for confinement only." .....................O G + + Page 153 + + Du Plantier Death, with respite.................................D + La Caze Confinement and banishment..........................O G + Bergoin Confinement.........................................O + + 4. L'HERAULT (MONTPELLIER) + + Cambon Death...............................................+ I + Bonnet Death...............................................+ S + Rouyer Death...............................................+ I + Viennet "An accumulation of power being monstrous, I + "declare myself incompetent to give any other + "sentence than for confinement."....................O + Fabre Death...............................................+ + Curèe Confinement or deportation..........................O + Cambacerès Death, in case of invasion only.....................O + Brunel Confinement.........................................O + Castillon Confinement and banishment..........................O P + + Page 154 + + 5. ISLE ET VILAINE (RENNES) + + Pastoret Dead during the appeal. + Duval Death...............................................+ + Sevestre Death...............................................+ + Chaumont Death...............................................+ + Lanjuinais "We have no right to put to death a vanquished + "enemy. I vote for confinement or banishment.".....O P + Beaugeard Death...............................................+ + Dubignon Confinement.........................................O + Mauxel Confinement until we have peace.....................O + Fermont "As a man, I do not think I have a right to take + "away the life of another. As a legislator, I + "never will vote for death."........................O I + Le Breton "If two-thirds of the votes were required, I might + vote for death."....................................O I + Obelin Confinement and banishment..........................O I + + Page 155 + + 6. INDRE (CHATEAUROUX) + + Thibaut Death...............................................+ + Le Jeune Death...............................................+ + Pepin I am deputed only to make laws......................O + Porcher Confinement and banishment..........................O + Derazey Confinement.........................................O I + Boudin Confinement or deportation..........................O + Mainville Confinement.........................................O G + + 7. INDRE ET LOIRE (TOURS) + + Gardien "I fear neither factions nor robbers, their + "menaces shall never prevail on me; I think + "myself free, because I have no fear. Detention."..O G + Nioche Death...............................................+ + J. Dupont Death...............................................+ + Ruelle Death...............................................+ + Pottier Death...............................................+ + + Page 156 + + Isabeau Death...............................................+ + Bodin "A sacrifice of human blood can never be the, + "foundation of liberty. Consequently I vote for + "banishment.".......................................O + Champigny Confinement or deportation..........................+ + Vigèe Confinement or banishment...........................O G + + 8. ISERE (GRENOBLE) + + Baudran Death...............................................+ + Rèal "I have no doubt but that if the people were + "consulted, they would choose the mildest + "punishment. I therefore must in consequence + "give my vote for detention.".......................O + Genevois Death...............................................+ + Charrel Death...............................................+ + Amar Death...............................................+ I + Genissieu Death...............................................+ + Servonat "Let my vote expose me or not to abuse or menaces, + "I pronounce boldly for confinement or + "banishment.".......................................O + + Page 157 + + Prunelle de + Lierre "The National Convention ought to consult only + "justice. I therefore give my opinion for + "banishment.".......................................O + Vaublanc Detention.......................................... O + Boissieu "Not having the commission of a judge, I do not + "consider myself as qualified to apply penal + "laws.".............................................O + + 9. JURA (ST. CLAUDE) + + Grenot Death...............................................+ I + Prost Death...............................................+ + Laurenceot "Notwithstanding the menaces which have been + "thrown out, I vote for detention.".................O I + Amyon Death...............................................+ I + Ferroux Death...............................................+ I + Bonguyode "Is it not time, that the blood of Frenchmen + should cease to flow? I vote for perpetual + "imprisonment.".....................................O + Vernier Confinement.........................................O P + + Page 158 + + Babey Confinement or banishment...........................O I + Le Montey Confinement.........................................O + + 10. LES LANDES (DOL) + + D'Artigoyte Death...............................................+ P + Dirès Death...............................................+ + Ducos l'ainé Death...............................................+ G + Gadroy "I will not, like others, invoke the penal code, + "since we have lost sight of those wholesome forms + "that were instituted for all citizens. Besides, + "I do not think, that we have a right to inflict + "the punishment of death; nor does the interest of + "my country require it."............................O + Saurine "My constituents have not deputed me to be a + "criminal judge."...................................O + Le Franc Confinement or banishment...........................O + + Page 159 + + 11. LOIRE ET CHER (BLOIS) + + Brisson Death...............................................+ + Foussedoire Death...............................................+ I + Chabot Death...............................................+ G + (ex capuchin) + Fressine Death...............................................+ + Le Clerc "The punishment of death being an outrage against + "humanity, and my powers not being unlimited, I can + "vote only for detention."..........................O + Vanaille Death...............................................+ + Gregoire Absent by commission................................a + + 12. HAUTE LOIRE (PUY) + + Raynault Death...............................................+ + Delcher Death...............................................+ + Flageas Death...............................................+ + Faure Death...............................................+ I + Bonnet + <i>fils</i> Death...............................................+ + Barthelemy Death, with discussion as to the time...............+ D + Camus Absent by commission................................a I + + Page 160 + + 13. LOIRE INFERIEURE (NANTES) + + Chaillon "I have not been deputed to exercise the functions + "of a juré. I hold my commission from good men, + "who are enemies of tyranny and of every + "accumulation of power."............................O + Le Fevre Confinement or banishment...........................O I + Meaulle Death...............................................+ P + Millinet Confinement or banishment...........................O + Villiers Death...............................................+ + Jarry Confinement.........................................O I + Fouchè Death...............................................+ + Coustard Banishment..........................................O G + + 14. LOIRET (ORLEANS) + + Delaguelle Death...............................................+ + Lombard-la Death...............................................+ + -chaux + + Page 161 + + J. B. Louvet Death...............................................+ P + Leonard Death...............................................+ I + -Bourbon + La Boissiere Death with respite..................................D G + Garan-Coulon "I maintain that liberty cannot subsist with this + "usurpation of power. Tyranny is always there, + "where some men are above the laws, and others + "below them.".......................................O + Le Page "Nature has impressed upon my heart an invincible + "aversion to the shedding of blood. My opinion is, + "that one man has not a right to condemn another + "man to death.".....................................O + Guerin "I cannot prevail upon myself to put to death a + "vanquished enemy.".................................O P + Gentil Confinement.........................................O + Pellè Confinement.........................................O + + 15. LOT (CAHORS) + + Cledel Death...............................................+ + St. Andrè, Death...............................................+ I + <i>noble</i> + + Page 162 + + Mont Mayan Death...............................................+ + Delbret Death, with respite.................................D + Cavaignan Death...............................................+ + Alboys "The fear of poignards has no influence upon + "my heart. No man can be punished but by virtue + "of some law antecedent to the offence."............O + Ansy Confinement.........................................O E + Boygnes Confinement.........................................O + Salleles Confinement.........................................O + Cayla Absent through sickness.............................m + + 16. LOT ET GARONNE (AGEN) + + Vidalot Death...............................................+ + Paganel Death...............................................+ + Boussion Death...............................................+ + Fournel Death...............................................+ + Claverie "I cannot pronounce upon the fate of Louis but + "according to the constitution. Now the + "constitution speaks only of the forfeiture of + "the crown."........................................O + + Page 163 + + Gayet-la + -Prade "Not to oppose the constitution to the penal code, + "I choose rather to vote for confinement."..........O + Noguer "Having examined my conscience as a public man, I + "give my opinion for detention."....................O + Laurent Confinement.........................................O + Laroche Confinement or banishment...........................O + Dorisy Confinement.........................................O + + 17. LA LOZERE (MENDE) + + Random Death...............................................+ I + Servierre Death...............................................+ + Monestier Death...............................................+ + Barrot "As the death of Louis does not appear to me to + "be necessary, or even useful to the republic, + "I vote for detention.".............................O + Aubert Confinement.........................................O + Pellet Absent by commission................................a + + Page 164 + + 18. MAINE ET LOIRE (ANGERS) + + Choudieu Death...............................................+ I + De l'Aulnay Death...............................................+ G + l'ainè + Le Paux Death...............................................+ P + Le Clerc Death...............................................+ + Pèrard Death...............................................+ + De. + Houilliere "I am not a judge; I am merely a legislator. + "Consequently I can vote only for detention.".......O + D'Andenac Confinement.........................................O + l'ainè + D'Andenac Confinement or deportation..........................O + le jeune + Pilastre Banishment..........................................O + De l'Aulnay Confinement.........................................O + le jeune + Le Maignan Confinement.........................................O + + Page 165 + + 19. LA MANCHE (COUTANCES) + + Le Moine Death...............................................+ + Ribet Death, with respite.................................D + Le Tourneur Death...............................................+ + Le Carpentier Death..............................................+ + Bonnesoeur Death...............................................+ + Laurence Death...............................................+ + Havin Death...............................................+ + Hubert Death...............................................+ + Gervais + -sauvè "If the people had been willing to accumulate + "upon my head the various functions of accuser, + "juryman, and legislator, the burthen would have + "been above my strength. I vote for confinement."..O + Pinel I vote freely for detention.........................O + Poisson Banishment..........................................O + Engerrand Confinement.........................................O + Bretel Confinement.........................................O + + Page 166 + + 20. LA MARNE (RHEIMS) + + Prieur Death...............................................+ I + Thuriot Death...............................................+ I + Ch. Charlier Death...............................................+ + De la Croix Death...............................................+ G + de Constant + De Villers Death...............................................+ + Armonville Death, with discussion as to time...................D + Drouet, Death...............................................+ I + <i>maitre</i> + <i>de postes</i> + Vatelier Death...............................................+ + Poulain Confinement.........................................O + Blanc Banishment..........................................O I + + 21. LA HAUTE MARNE (LANGRES) + + Guillardin Death...............................................+ + Monnel Death...............................................+ + + Page 167 + + Roux Death...............................................+ + Valdruche Death...............................................+ + Rousseau Death, with discussion as to the time...............D + La Loi Death...............................................+ + Wandelin + -court "I except against myself (<i>je me suis recusè</i>) + "as judge; therefore I can vote only for + "confinement, as a measure of general safety."......O + + 22. MAYENNE (LAVAL) + + Bissy, Death...............................................+ + le jeune + Esnè Death...............................................+ I + Du Rocher Death...............................................+ + Enjubaut Death...............................................+ I + Serveau Death...............................................+ + Villars "As the stability of a republic does not depend + "upon the life, or death of a single individual, + "and killing a tyrant is the last resource of + "tyranny, I vote for confinement."..................O + + Page 168 + + Le Jeune "The law of death not being applicable to the + "case before us, I abstain from pronouncing + "judgment of death."................................O + Plaichard + -chottiere Perpetual confinement...............................O + + 23. LE MEURTHE (NANCY) + + Malarme Death...............................................+ + Levasseur Death...............................................+ + Bonneval Death...............................................+ + Salle "My opponents have said, Do not appeal to the + "people, because the people would not vote for + "death; but for my part I wish not to vote, but + "as the people would do."...........................O PG + Molveau "Convinced that the day, on which the head of + "Louis should fall, would probably be that of + "the establishment of a new tyranny; and + "apprehensive that his death would be for France, + "what that of Charles 1. was for England, I give + "my opinion for confinement or banishment.".........O + + Page 169 + + Lalande Confinement and banishment..........................O + Zangiacomi Confinement and banishment..........................O + Michel Confinement and banishment..........................O + + 24. LA MEUSE (VERDUN) + + Pons Death...............................................+ + Moreau "The safety of the state does not appear to me to + "require the death of Louis; I am for banishment."..O + Roussel "Far from being dangerous, I think it sound + "policy to let Louis live.".........................O + Baroche "The judiciary power being no part of my + "commission, I vote for confinement."...............O + + Page 170 + + Harmand "I cannot bring the punishment from the penal, + "code, since you have discarded all the forms + "of it. I am therefore for banishment."............O + Marquis "I am for provisional confinement.".................O + Tocquot Confinement and banishment..........................O + Humbert Confinement and banishment......................... O + + 25. MORBIHAN (VANNES) + + Lequinio Death...............................................+ + Audrein Death...............................................+ + Le Hardy "Farewell to the liberty of my country, if we are + "to be every thing at once. No! we are not judges. + "The death of Kings has never been salutary to + "liberty. If the convention were to judge, I + "should wish to see at least sixty of its members + "excluded. I am for confinement."...................O G + + Page 171 + + Corbel "A measure of safety is preferable to a rigorous + "application of the law. I therefore vote for + "provisional confinement."..........................O + Gillet "Inaccessible to fear, I assert that capital + "punishment is useless and dangerous. + "Perpetual confinement."............................O M + Le Mailland Confinement and banishment..........................O + Michel Confinement and banishment..........................O + Rouault Confinement.........................................O I + + 26. LA MOSELLE (METZ) + + Anthoine Death...............................................+ + Bar Death...............................................+ + Nentz Death...............................................+ I + Thirion Death...............................................+ I + Becker "Neither the menaces with which this tribune has + "resounded, nor those puerile fears, with which + "people have sought to fill us, shall make me + "act contrary to my Sentiments, which is for + "confinement and banishment.".......................O + + Page 172 + + Merlin Confinement.........................................O + Couturier Absent on commission................................a + Blaux Confinement.........................................O I + + 27. LA NIEVRE (NEVERS) + + Saustrault Death...............................................+ + Damrobe Death...............................................+ + Le Fiot Death...............................................+ + Guilrault Death, with discussion as to time...................D + Legendre Death...............................................+ + La Planche Death...............................................+ + Jourdan "The punishment of death is contrary to my + "principles. I cannot put a fellow-creature to + "death."....................................... ....O G + + Page 173 + + 28. NORD (DOUAY) + + Merlin Death...............................................+ + Duhem Death...............................................+ I + Cochet Death, with discussion as to time...................D + Fockedey Confinement.........................................O + Senault Death...............................................+ P + Carpentier Death...............................................+ P + Pryese Death...............................................+ + Sallengros Death...............................................+ + Poultier Death, with discussion as to time...................D G + Aoust Death...............................................+ G + Gossuin Absent upon commission..............................a + + 29. OISE (BEAUVAIS) + + Couppè Death...............................................+ I + Calon Death...............................................+ + + Page 174 + + Isorè Death...............................................+ + Ch. Villette Confinement and banishment..........................O M + Delamare Confinement or banishment...........................O I + Massieu, + <i>evêque + intrus</i> Death...............................................+ P + Cloots. + <i>Baron</i> + <i>Prussien</i> Death...............................................+ G + Portier Death, with respite.................................D + Bèzare Death...............................................+ + Bourdon Death...............................................+ P + Godefroy Absent upon commission..............................a + + 30. L'ORNE (ALENÇON) + + Valazè Death...............................................+ G + La + Hosdiniere Death...............................................+ + Desrouais Death...............................................+ + Dubois Death...............................................+ + Beauprè Death, with respite.................................D + Colombel Death...............................................+ + Thomas "If the enemy invade our territories, I vote for + "death; otherwise for detention."...................O + Duguè + d'assey "Having never been able to satisfy that I could + "be both legislator and judge at once, I vote for + "detention."........................................O I + + Page 175 + + Fourney "The constitution has not inflicted the + "punishment of death upon Kings who may be guilty + "of conspiracy. I am therefore for confinement + "and banishment."...................................O + + 31. DEPARTMENT DE PARIS + + Robespierre "The tyrant has deserved death. I vote for + l'ainè "death."............................................+ G + Avocat d'Arras + Danton, + <i>avt</i>. "I vote for death"..................................+ G + Collot + d'Herbois, + <i>comedian</i> Death...............................................+ B + Billaud Va + -rennes Death...............................................+ B + Cam. + Dèsmoulins Death...............................................+ G + <i>journaliste</i> + Marat, Death...............................................+ A + <i>journaliste</i> + La + Vicomterie Death...............................................+ I + Legendre, + <i>butcher</i> Death...............................................+ + + Page 176 + + Raffron Death...............................................+ + Panis Death...............................................+ I + Serjeant Death...............................................+ P + Robert Death, with discussion as to time...................D + Freron Death...............................................+ + Beauvais Death, with discussion as to time...................D G + Fabre + d'Eglantine, Death...............................................+ G + <i>journaliste</i> + Osselin Death...............................................+ G + Robespierre + le jeune Death...............................................+ G + David, + <i>artiste</i> Death...............................................+ I + Boucher Death...............................................+ + Laignelot Death, with discussion as to time...................D I + Thomas Confinement.........................................O + Manuel "Laws of blood ought not to be among the + "principles of a republic. The right of death + "belongs only to nature. Louis is laid low + "upon the ground; it is too easy to kill him, + "for me to give the blow."..........................O G + Dussault "A man may be, in my opinion an excellent patriot, + "without putting to death his fallen enemy. I vote + "for confinement and banishment."...................O P + + Page 177 + + D'Orleans, + called + Egalitè "My conscience tells me that Louis deserves death." + G + + 32. PAS DE CALAIS (ARRAS) + + Garnet Death...............................................+ + Duquesnoy Death...............................................+ S + Le Bas Death...............................................+ S + Guffroy Death...............................................+ + Bollet Death...............................................+ + Varlet "I vote for detention, because the nation ought + "not to be influenced by sentiments of revenge."....O + Enlard "My conscience points it out as my duty to have + "nothing to do with the penal code. I am for + "confinement and banishment.".......................O + + Page 178 + + Dannon "The experience of those nations, who have put + "their King to death, proves the contrary of + "what you hope for. I am for confinement and + "transportation."...................................O + Personne Confinement and banishment..........................O + Tho. Payne Confinement and banishment..........................O I + Magniez Confinement and banishment..........................O + + 33. PUY DE DOME (CLERMONT) + + Couthon Death...............................................+ G + Gibergues Death...............................................+ I + Maignet Death...............................................+ + Romme Death...............................................+ S + Soubrany Death...............................................+ G + Rudelle Death...............................................+ + Monestier Death...............................................+ + La Loue Death...............................................+ + Blanval Death, with discussion as to time...................D + Du Laure Death...............................................+ P + Bancal "The thirst of vengeance and of blood is found + "only in individuals and factions; but never in a + "great nation. I think, besides, that the + "majority of French citizens would not vote for + "actual death. A legislator ought to resist all + "private passions which surround him, to brave + "with firmness every danger, and to obey nothing + "but his conscience and his reason. I am for + "detention."........................................O I + + Page 179 + + Girot + -pouzol Confinement and banishment..........................O + .. + 34. HAUTES PYRÉNNÉES (SIC) (TARBES) + + Barrere, + <i>ex-noble</i> Death...............................................+ B + Ferrand Death...............................................+ M + La Crampe Death...............................................+ + Dupont "Behind this mausoleum I see a lion springing + "from his den, and a dangerous enemy substituted + "in the place of a vanquished one. I vote for + "confinement."......................................O + Picquè "I am for death; but not till after the cessation + "of hostilities."...................................D + Gertoux Confinement and banishment..........................O + + 35. BASSES PYRÉNNÉES (PAU) + + Sanadon, + <i>eveque + intrus</i> "Being a legislator, I am not a judge. I cannot + "vote but for confinement.".........................O P + Pèmartin "I am only at liberty to adopt a measure of + "safety, which is, confinement or banishment."......O + Comte "I am for the same punishment as the last + "speaker."..........................................O + Meillant "It Would, in my judgment, be a most mistaken + "measure to cut off that head, which may one + "day become useful. Confinement and + "banishment.".......................................O + + Page 181 + + Casenave "The accumulation of so many inconsistent powers + "appears to me, notwithstanding the paradoxes + "and sophisms which art has invented in the + "course of this proceeding, to be a monstrous + "tyranny, in which I am not willing to bear a + "part. The only punishment applicable to Louis + "is forfeiture of the crown.".......................O P + Neveu "I fulfil my duty in voting for confinement.".......O + + 36. PYRÉNNÉES ORIENTALES (PERPIGNAN) + + Montegot Death...............................................+ + Cazanies Death...............................................+ + Biroteau "During the war I vote for confinement; and + "after peace is established, for death."............O G + Guyter Confinement and banishment..........................O I + Fabre Absent through sickness.............................m + + Page 182 + + 37. HAUT RHIN (COLMAR) + + Ritter Death...............................................+ + La Porte Death...............................................+ + Joannot Death...............................................+ + Pflieger Death...............................................+ + Dubois "I am not a judge. This character belongs to + "none of us. If we were judges, we should + "perform the duties Of such, and observe forms. + "I am for provisional confinement.".................O + Albert Provisional confinement.............................O + Rewbel Absent through sickness.............................m + + 38. BAS RHIN (STRASBOURG) + + Laurent Death...............................................+ + Bentabole Death...............................................+ + Louis Death...............................................+ P + + Page 183 + + Arbogast "I see the security of the republic depends on + "the detention of Louis until time of peace.".......O + Christiani Confinement.........................................O + Dentzell Confinement.........................................O I + Simon Absent upon commission..............................a G + Rhull Absent upon commission..............................a S + Erman Absent through sickness.............................m + + 39. RHONE ET LOIRE (LYON) + + Dupuis, fils Death...............................................+ + Dubonchet Death...............................................+ + Pressavin Death...............................................+ + Noel Pointe Death...............................................+ + L'Evêque Death...............................................+ + Chasset "The convention, by its conduct in the violation + "of judiciary forms, has convinced me that it + "does not mean to place itself in the situation + "of a judge. It is therefore not permitted me + "to vote for death. I am for confinement until + "the time of peace."................................O + + Page 184 + + Michel "Reasons of state and of public good make me + "incline to detention.".............................O + Patrin "The existence of Louis is useful; his death. + "dangerous."........................................O + Lanthenas "My opinion is, that Louis deserves death; but + "only in case of a foreign war."....................O I + Eusset Death...............................................+ + Moulin "I vote for death; but not until all the Bourbons + "are expelled.".....................................O + Vitet Confinement.........................................O P + Fournier Confinement.........................................O + Bezaud Confinement and banishment..........................O + Forest Confinement and banishment..........................O + + 40. HAUTE SAONE (VESOUL) + + Gourdan Death...............................................+ + Siblot Death...............................................+ + + Page 185 + + Bolot Death...............................................+ + Dormier Death...............................................+ + Vigneron Confinement and banishment..........................O + Chauvier Confinement and banishment........................ .O + Balivet Confinement and banishment..........................O + + 41. SAONE ET LOIRE (MACON) + + Carra, + <i>journal + -iste</i> Death...............................................+ G + Gelin Death...............................................+ + Guillermin Death...............................................+ + Reverchon Death...............................................+ + Bodot Death...............................................+ + Guilmardet Death, with discussion as to time...................D + Mailly Death...............................................+ + Montgilbert "If the enemies invade the French territory, then + "only I am of opinion that Louis should die.".......O + Moreau Death...............................................+ + Masuyer Confinement till the peace..........................O PG + + Page 186 + + Bertucat "I cannot judge arbitrarily in this case. + "Perpetual confinement."............................O + + 42. LA SARTHE (LE MANS) + + Richard Death...............................................+ + Primaudiere Death...............................................+ + Phelippeau Death...............................................+ G + Boutrone Death...............................................+ + Levasseur Death...............................................+ I + Froger Death...............................................+ + Letourneur Death...............................................+ + Syeyes "Death, (adding) without a word more"...............+ + Salmon "I am for detention; lest the anarchists and + "ambitious find in the death of Louis more food + "for their intrigues."..............................O I + Chevalier "The law does not permit me to pronounce any + "other sentence than forfeiture of the crown."......O I + + Page 187 + + 43. SEINE ET OISE (VERSAILLES) + + Lecointre Death...............................................+ I + Bassal Death...............................................+ P + Audoin Death...............................................+ P + Treilhard Death...............................................+ + Tallien Death.............................................. + + Chenier Death...............................................+ G + Royt "I vote for death, but not until after the + "constitution has been ratified."...................O + Mercier "The sentence of death is impolitic and dangerous. + "The phantom of a King may be of marvellous + "service to us. Perpetual confinement."............O P + Kersaint "I do not think myself called forth to pronounce + "a judicial sentence. And if I were a judge, I + "should vote in mercy, and not in hatred. I have + "no notion of a great nation acting from revenge; + "in this struggle the inequality of the parties + "makes it shocking. I am for confinement until + "the time of peace."................................O G + + Page 188 + + Dupuis Confinement.........................................O + Alquier Death, after the peace..............................D + Gorsas, + <i>journa + -liste</i> Detention...........................................O G + Haussman Absent by commission................................a + Hèrault de + Sechelles, + <i>avocat + -general</i> Absent by commission................................a G + + 44. SEINE INFERIEURE (ROUEN) + + Albite Death...............................................+ p + Pocholles Death...............................................+ + Vincent "To condemn Louis to death is to provoke a civil. + "war, to ruin the nation, to overturn the state, + "and to destroy liberty altogether. I am for + "confinement and banishment.".......................O G + + Page 189 + + Bailleul "Consider that before posterity the illusion will + "cease, and the passions will be no more. You + "wish for the happiness of the people, and the head + "of Louis is your security for it. I vote for + "detention."........................................O I + Mariette "I have only the quality of legislator; that of + "judge is inconsistent with it. I vote for + "banishment.".......................................O + Doublet "The evils which the death of Stuart brought upon + "England, make me vote for detention."..............O I + Rualt "It is very strange that people are so earnest to. + "follow the penal code, when they have not + "followed, in the forms of proceeding, any one of + "the articles of criminal legislation. I vote for + "provisional confinement."..........................O P + Faure, + <i>libraire</i> Confinement and banishment..........................O + Bourgeois Confinement and transportation......................O + Hardy, + <i>medicin</i> Confinement and banishment..........................O + + Page 190 + + Yger Confinement and banishment..........................O + Hecquet Confinement and banishment..........................O I + Duval, Confinement and banishment..........................O + <i>avocat</i> + Lefevre, + <i>juge</i> Confinement and banishment..........................O + Blutel Confinement and banishment..........................O I + Delahaye Confinement.........................................O P + + 45. SEINE ET MARNE (MELUN) + + Mauduit Death...............................................+ + Tellier Death...............................................+ S + Cordier Death...............................................+ + Bernard "I am for death, but not until after the + "constitution is settled."..........................O + Bailly de "I consider Louis as an hostage necessary to public + Juilly "tranquility. I am for confinement and + "banishment.".......................................O P + Himbert "I have the fullest conviction that I cannot act as + "a judge. You have annulled the high national + "court, and are you not afraid that history will + "accuse you of having usurped a power which did not + "belong to you? I am for confinement and + "banishment.".......................................O + + Page 191 + + De France "Since all judiciary forms are trampled under foot, + "I vote for confinement.............................O + Vigny Confinement and banishment..........................O + Geoffry, Confinement.........................................O + l'ainè + Opoix Confinement and banishment..........................O + Bernier Provisional confinement.............................O + + 46. LES DEUX SEVRES (NIORT) + + Lecointepuy + -raveau Death...............................................+ + Dubreuil Death...............................................+ I + Cochon Death...............................................+ + L'Official "I declare that I have no power to judge + "criminally.".......................................O + Jard- Confinement and transportation......................O + panviller + + Page 192 + + Anguis Confinement and transportation......................O + Du Chatel Absent through sickness.............................m G + + 47. LA SOMME (AMIENS) + + Saladin Death...............................................+ I + Dumont Death...............................................+ + Delecloy Death...............................................+ + Scellier Death...............................................+ + Florent "Although my opinion does not seem to be that which + -louvet "will prevail, I vote for detention."...............O P + Du Festel "My electoral assembly was so far from designing to + "give me a judicial power, that when it nominated + "me a deputy, it appointed two <i>haut jures</i>" + [Footnote: They are appointed in every department + to try all causes, civil and criminal."] "at the + "same time. Confinement and banishment."...........O + + Page 193 + + Sillery, "My constituents were not so senseless as to + <i>noble</i> "accumulate upon my head all sorts of powers. I + "vote for banishment................................O G + De Veritè "I cannot be accuser and judge in the same cause. + "Confinement and banishment.........................O P + Rivery, Confinement.........................................O + <i>avocat</i> + Gantois Confinement and banishment..........................O + Martin Confinement.........................................O + St. Prix + Asselin, Confinement.........................................O + <i>avocat</i> + + 48. LE TARN (CASTRES) + + La Source Death...............................................+ G + La Combe Death...............................................+ + St. Michel + Campmas Death...............................................+ + Gourry "As soon as you shall have voted the expulsion of + "all the Bourbons, I will vote for the death of + "Louis; but not before."............................O + + Page 194 + + Soloniac Confinement and banishment..........................O + Marvejols Confinement and banishment..........................O + Rochegude Confinement and banishment..........................O + Meyer Confinement and transportation......................O + D'Ambermènil Absent by illness...................................m I + + 49. LE VAR (TOULON) + + Escudier Death...............................................+ I + Ricard Death...............................................+ I + Charbonier Death...............................................+ I + D'Espinassy Death...............................................+ + Isnard Death...............................................+ P + Roubaud Death, with discussion as to time...................D + Barras Death...............................................+ + Antiboul Confinement.........................................O G + + Page 195 + + 50. LA VENDEE (FONTENAY-LE-COMTE) + + Goupilleau, Death...............................................+ P + l'ainè + Goupilleau, Death...............................................+ + le jeune + Maignen Death...............................................+ + Fayo Death...............................................+ + Musset Death, with discussion as to time...................D + Garros Death...............................................+ + Gaudin "I cannot imagine that the French people + "delegated to us a despotic power—that is, a power + "to make laws and to apply them. I am for + "confinement and banishment.".......................O I + Girard Confinement and banishment..........................O + Morisson "I do not think that Louis is subject to our + "jurisdiction; therefore I abstain from voting."....nv + + Page 196 + + 51. LA VIENNE (POITIERS) + + Piozzy Death...............................................+ + Martineau Death...............................................+ + Ingrand Death...............................................+ + Thibaudot Death...............................................+ + Creuzè- "I do not think that men who make laws can order + la-touche "the death of any man. I vote for confinement and + "banishment.........................................O + Creuzè- Confinement.........................................O + paschal + Dutroubor- Confinement and banishment..........................O + nier + Bion Confinement and banishment..........................O + + 52. LA HAUTE VIENNE (LIMOGES) + + Gay Vernon Death...............................................+ + + Page 197 + + Lesterp "For death, in case of an hostile invasion."........O P + beauvais + Bordas "As a measure of safety, I decide for confinement.".O + Faye "My conscience forbids me to vote for death.".......O + La Croix Confinement and banishment..........................O G + Rivaud Confinement.........................................O + Soulignac Confinement.........................................O P + + 53. LES VOSGES (EPINAL) + + Perrin Death...............................................+ + Poulain Death, but not till after the constitution....... O + grand-prè + Souhait Confinement.........................................O + Baland Confinement.........................................O + Couhey Confinement and banishment..........................O + Bresson "Judges prostrate themselves before a law that is + "equal for all, but we have violated equality to + "make an exception against a single individual. + "Judges have a bandage of ice (<i>bandeau glace</i>) upon + "their forehead, but hatred against Louis burns and + "devours us. Judges reject severe opinions, but we + "publish with pride the rigour of our judgments. + "Judges mitigate the horror of a condemnation by + "the expression of pity, but our aversion pursues + "Louis even under the axe of the executioner. From + "hence I conclude that we are not judges, and that + "I cannot vote but for confinement."................O I + + Page 198 + + Noël Absent by commission................................a G + Hugo Absent by commission................................a + + 54. L'YONNE (AUXERRE) + + Le Pelletier Death...............................................+ A + de St. Fargeau + Maure Death...............................................+ S + + Page 199 + + Herard Death...............................................+ + J. Boileau Death...............................................+ G + Turreau Death...............................................+ I + Bourbotte Death...............................................+ G + Finot Death, with discussion as to time...................D + Precy Death, but not till after the constitution..........O + Chatelain Confinement and banishment..........................O + + 55. L'AIN (BOURG-EN-BRESSE) + + Deydier Death...............................................+ + Merlin Death...............................................+ + Gautier Death...............................................+ + Royer Confinement and banishment..........................O I + Mollet Confinement.........................................O + + 56. L'AISNE (LAON) + + Quinette Death...............................................+ I + Jean de Brie Death...............................................+ + + Page 200 + + St. Just Death...............................................+ G + Beffroy Death...............................................+ + Petit Death...............................................+ + Fiquet Death...............................................+ + Loisel Death, with discussion as to time...................D + Boucheron Death, with discussion as to time...................D + Condorcet, + <i>academicien</i> "The punishment of death is contrary to my + "principles; I shall never vote for it. I vote + "for the heaviest punishment of the penal code + "which does not amount to death."................* PM + Dupin, "I am of the Same opinion with Monsieur + "Condorcet; that is, I vote for confinement in + "chains."........................................* + Belin "I vote for death only in case of invasion + "by the enemy."..................................O + + [Footnote: * N.B. These two are in the report said + to have voted for chains.] + + Page 201 + + 57. L'ALLIER (MOULINS) + + Vidalin Death...............................................+ + Martel Death...............................................+ + Beauchamp Death...............................................+ + Chevalier "I think it my duty not to vote."...................nv + + 58. HAUTES ALPES (GAP) + + Izoard Confinement.........................................O + Barety Confinement.........................................O + Borel Confinement.........................................O + Caseneuve Confinement.........................................O I + Serres "My country, my conscience, my love of liberty, + "dictate my vote for detention."....................O + + Page 202 + + 59. BASSES ALPES (DIGNE) + + Maysse Death...............................................+ I + Derbès Death...............................................+ + la tour + Savornin Death...............................................+ + Peyze Death...............................................+ G + Verdallin "I vote for detention, because the death of Louis + "would only cause tyranny to revive."...............O + Reguis Confinement and banishment..........................O +</pre> +<pre> + 60. L'ARDECHE (PRIVAS) + + Gleizal Death...............................................+ + Soubeyran "I vote for death, but not till the expulsion of + "all the Bourbons.".................................O + + Page 203 + + Gamon "I am for the same punishment, but in case of + "invasion by the enemy."............................O + St. Martin "I would have Louis live, because the pretensions + "to royalty will be without any danger, so long as + "they shall rest on his head. I am for life and + "confinement."......................................O + Garilhe "Every irrevocable act which is not ratified by the + "people, is void. I am therefore for confinement.".O I + Boissi- Confinement and transportation......................O + d'Anglas + Corin- Confinement and banishment..........................O + Fustier + + 61. ARDENNES (MEZIERES) + + Ferry Death...............................................+ + Dubois Death...............................................+ + Robert Death...............................................+ + + Page 204 + + Monesson "I consent to death, provided that you first expel + "all the Bourbons.".................................O + Vermond "If there shall be an invasion, I vote for death."..O + Bodin Banishment..........................................O + Thierrier Perpetual detention.................................O + Blondel Confinement; death in case of invasion..............O + + 62. ARRIEGE (FOIX) + + Vadier Death...............................................+ B + Espert Death...............................................+ P + Clauzel Death...............................................+ + Camp Death...............................................+ + Martin + Lakanal Death...............................................+ + Gaston Death, with discussion as to time...................D + + 63. AUBE (TROYES) + + Courtois Death...............................................+ + Robin Death...............................................+ + + Page 205 + + Garnier Death...............................................+ + Rabaut "Persuaded that the ashes, from the funeral pile of + St. Etienne "kings, like the ashes of martyrs, only produce + "others; satisfied also that my nation ought not to + "have the ferocity of the tiger which tears to + "pieces, but the courage of the lion which despises, + "I vote for preserving Louis as an hostage."........O G + Perrin Confinement and banishment..........................O G + Bonnemain Confinement and deportation.........................O + Douge Confinement and deportation.........................O + Pierret Confinement and deportation.........................O + Duval Confinement and banishment..........................O + + 64. L'AUDE (CARCASSONE) + + Azema Death...............................................+ + Girard Death...............................................+ + Bonnet Death...............................................+ + Ramel Death...............................................+ G + + Page 206 + + Morin Confinement.........................................O + Tournier Confinement and banishment..........................O I + Marragon Death...............................................+ + Periès Confinement and transportation......................O I + + 65. L'AVEYRON (RHODES) + + Camboulas Death...............................................+ + Jos. Death...............................................+ + la Combe + Seconds Death...............................................+ + Louchet Death...............................................+ + Baux Death...............................................+ + Godefroy- "Eternal justice forbids us to condemn Louis to + Ysarn "to death; because it abhors aggravation, and the + "making of ex-post-facto criminal laws, in order to + "apply them to acts that are past. Now there is no + "written law which inflicts this punishment upon + "Louis for any act, before he was hurled from the + "throne into a prison. I satisfy myself in voting + "for confinement."..................................O + + Page 207 + + St. Martin- Confinement and banishment..........................O + Valogues + Lobinès Confinement and banishment..........................O + Bernard Confinement and banishment..........................O + St. Afrique + + 66. BOUCHES DU RHONE (AIX) + + Duprat Death...............................................+ G + Rebecqui Death...............................................+ S + Barbaroux Death...............................................+ PS + Bayle Death...............................................+ I + Granet Death...............................................+ P + Gasparin Death...............................................+ G + Rovere Death...............................................+ + Pelissier Death, with discussion as to time...................D + Laurent Death, with discussion as to time...................D + + Page 208 + + Durand "I see more inconvenience in the death of Louis, + Maillane "than in his existence. I vote therefore for + "confinement."......................................O + Du Perret Confinement and banishment..........................O G + + 67. CALVADOS (CAEN) + + Bonnet Death...............................................+ + Taveau Death...............................................+ + Jouenne Death...............................................+ + Dubois Death, only in case of invasion.....................O + Dubais + Fauchet + <i>evêque "The convention has no right to accumulate, to + intrus</i> "confound, and to exercise all powers. It is the + "right of tyranny alone. I may be subjected to it, + "but I never will practise (sic) it. I am no + "judge, and therefore can only vote for detention.".O G + Vardon "I declare myself incompetent.".....................nv + + Page 209 + + L'Homond Confinement.........................................O + Doulcet, + <i>pontè- Confinement and banishment..........................O + coulant</i> + Cussy "I do not think that the glory or the interest of + "the French people permit them to strike a + "vanquished enemy. I vote for confinement."........O G + Le Got Confinement.........................................O + Ph. Confinement and banishment..........................O I + Belleville + Dumont Confinement and banishment..........................O + + 68. CANTAL (ST. FLOUR) + + Milhau Death...............................................+ + La Coste Death...............................................+ I + Tarriè Death...............................................+ + Peuvergue "My conscience tells me that the death of Louis + "would be prejudicial to the republic."............O + Thibault Confinement and banishment..........................O + + Page 210 + + Meseujac Confinement and banishment..........................O + Chabanon Confinement and banishment..........................O + Jos. Maille Absent with leave...................................a + + 69. LA CHARENTE (ANGOULEME) + + Bellegarde Death...............................................+ + Chedanau Death, with discussion as to time...................D + Guinberteau Death...............................................+ + Chazaud Death...............................................+ G + Brun Death...............................................+ + Ribereau Death...............................................+ I + Cuvelier Death...............................................+ + De Vars Confinement and banishment..........................O + Maulde Confinement and banishment..........................O + + 70. CHARENTE INFERIEURE (SAINTES) + + Bernard Death...............................................+ I + Nion Death...............................................+ + + Page 211 + + Echasseriaux Death...............................................+ + Brèard Death...............................................+ + Ruamps Death...............................................+ I + Lozeau Death, with discussion as to time...................D + Vinet Death...............................................+ + Garnicr Death...............................................+ + Giraud "As a legislator I think it most beneficial that + "Louis should live."................................O + D'Autriche "I declare that my sentiments are subject to no + "undue influence of any sort. So far are we from + "being judges as well as legislators, that you + "decided yesterday that we are not judges; I mean, + "by your resolution, that this question should be + "determined by a simple majority of votes.".........O + De Chezeau Confinement and banishment..........................O G + + 71. LE CHER (BOURGES) + + Foucher Death...............................................+ + La Brunerie Death...............................................+ + + Page 212 + + Peltier Death...............................................+ + Alasseur "What says history? Caesar was assassinated, and + "had a successor. The English sacrificed their + "tyrant, and returned to their chains. Rome + "banished her kings, and had liberty. I am for + "banishment.".......................................O + Baucheton Confinement.........................................O + Dugêne Confinement.........................................O + + 72. LA CORREZE (TULLES) + + Brival Death...............................................+ + Lannot Death, with discussion as to time...................D I + Borie Death...............................................+ I + Chambon Death...............................................+ G + Lidon Death...............................................+ S + Penieres Death...............................................+ + Lafond "I think it my duty to abstain from voting." .......nv + + Page 213 + + 73. CORSE (<i>Corsica</i>) (BASTIA) + + Salicetti Death...............................................+ + Chiappe "Having nothing to do with the application of + "punishment. I consider only the security of my + "fellow citizens, which is the supreme law; in a + "word, I am for detention.".........................O + Andrèe "The punishment for Louis can be no other than that + "of forfeiture."....................................O + Bansio "I flatter myself that I shall deserve well of my + "country in voting for detention."..................O + Peraldi Confinement and banishment..........................O + Casabianca Provisional confinement.............................O + Mottedo Confinement.........................................O + + 74. COTE D'OR (DIJON) + + Bazire Death...............................................+ G + Guyton- Death...............................................+ + morveau + + Page 214 + + Prieur Death...............................................+ P + Oudot Death...............................................+ + Treilhard Death...............................................+ + Guyot Death, with discussion as to time...................D + Berthier Death...............................................+ + Lambert "That I may not accumulate all functions, I think + "it is my duty to abstain from pronouncing any + "juridical (sic) punishment.".......................O + Marcy "The convention may set itself up for a jury; but + "it can be only to judge the crime, and not the + "criminal. To pass a definitive judgment upon + "Louis is, in my opinion, an outrage against the + "definitive will of the nation. To pronounce + "sentence of death, is an usurpation of the right + "of the Sovereign. I will not be a judge—I + "cannot, and I ought not to be one. + " Representatives of the people! You have + "destroyed the despot; suffer the man to live. Let + "him drag in captivity a groveling life. You are + "the depositaries of French honour. Europe has her + "eyes upon you. Posterity is advancing. It will + "judge you, and its voice will pass through ages." .O + + Page 215 + + Rameau "It is not in your power to give me the quality of + "judge, which I have not received from the + "sovereign. Accordingly I do not think myself + "bound by this monstrous decree." ..................O + + 75. COTES DU NORD (ST. BRIEUX) + + Londe Death...............................................+ + Couppè "Of the two punishments proposed to be inflicted on + "Louis, I choose the mildest, that is detention."...O + Champeaux "My constituents have deputed me to make laws, and + "not to judge.".....................................O + + Page 216 + + Guyomard "The re-union of all powers characterises + "despotism, whether it be in an individual, or in a + "body of men. It is bad policy to multiply the + "number of our enemies fourfold, and to lavish the + "blood of our brethren. Shall we then, by + "punishing Louis, augment the list of victims still + "more? I vote for confinement.".............. .....O + Gondelin "I am not afraid of menaces. I am ready to + "sacrifice my blood for my country. I vote, + "according to my conscience, for detention."........O + Gautier, Perpetual confinement...............................O + le jeune + Fleury Perpetual confinement...............................O I + Giraud Perpetual confinement...............................O + + 76. LA CREUSE (GUERET) + + Huguet Death...............................................+ I + Guyes Death...............................................+ + + Page 217 + + De Bourges "In my capacity as legislator, I am unwilling to + "deliberate and to give my vote upon the question, + "what punishment shall be inflicted on Louis."......O + Tenier "As history teaches, that from the ashes of one + "king another springs up, I vote for detention."....O + Coutisson Confinement.........................................O + Jaurand Confinement.........................................O + Baraillon, Provisional confinement.............................O + <i>physician</i> + + 77. LA DORDOGNE (PERIGUEUX) + + La Marque Death...............................................+ I + Pinet Death...............................................+ + Lacoste Death...............................................+ + Taillefer Death...............................................+ P + Peussard Death...............................................+ I + Allafort Death...............................................+ + Lambert Confinement.........................................O + + Page 218 + + Bouquier Death...............................................+ + Roux- Death...............................................+ + fazillac + Meynard "My reason tells me, that I cannot both make and + "apply the law; it tells me, that I cannot destroy + "the effect of the law, in order to substitute my + "own will in its place; it tells me in short, that + "the blending of powers is too arbitrary for the + "government of a free people, and that I ought not + "to vote, but (as a measure of public safety) for + "provisional confinement." .........................O + + 78. DOUBS (BESANCON) + + Michaud Death...............................................+ + Vernety Death...............................................+ + Monnot Death...............................................+ + Besson Death...............................................+ + + Page 219 + + Guyrot "I do not condemn Louis to death, because, when I + "open the penal code, I see that other forms were + "necessary, other judges, and other principles. + "I am for confinement.".................... ........O + Sèguin Confinement, and banishment.........................O + + 79. LA DROME (ROMANS) + + Julien Death...............................................+ I + Santeyra Death...............................................+ + Boisset Death...............................................+ + Jacomin Death...............................................+ + Collaud de Death, in case only of invasion.....................O + la Salcette + Fayolle "I have never been satisfied that the convention + "should set itself up for a court of justice. + "Confinement."......................................O I + Martinet Confinement.........................................O + Marbos Confinement.........................................O + Gèrente Confinement.........................................O + + Page 220 + + 80. L'EURE (EVREUX) + + Lindet, Death...............................................+ + l'ainê, + <i>evêque + intrus</i> + Buzot Death...............................................+ P + Duroy Death...............................................+ G + Bouillerot Death...............................................+ + Lindet Death...............................................+ + le jeune + Richou "Foreseeing that the death of Louis will be the + "source of bitter misfortunes, I should regard + "myself as unworthy the name of citizen, if I voted + "for his punishment. Confinement and banishment."..O P + Le Marechal "That I may not be reproached with having swerved + "from my mission, and with having set an example of + "the most monstrous tyranny, I vote for + "confinement."......................................O + + Page 221 + + Vallèe "I am for provisional confinement, and for death in + "case the French territory be invaded.".............O I + Savary Confinement.........................................O I + Topsent Confinement.........................................O + + 81. L'EURE ET LOIRE (CHARTRES) + + La Croix Death...............................................+ + Brissot Death...............................................+ G + Pethion, Death...............................................+ PM + <i>maire de + Paris</i> + Le Sage Confinement.........................................O P + Loiseau Death, with delay...................................+ + Châles Death...............................................+ P + Fremenger Death...............................................+ + Giroust "Having no power to vote but as a legislator, I am + "for detention."....................................O I + Bourgeois Confinement.........................................O + + Page 222 + + 82. FINISTERRE (QUIMPER) + + Boham Death...............................................+ + Blad Death...............................................+ I + Guernoi Death...............................................+ + Guermeur Death...............................................+ + Gommaire "Considering the past events which I have seen, + "considering the present events which I now behold, + "and considering those future events which I + "apprehend, I am of opinion that the life of Louis + "is of more value to the republic than his death."..O + Marcè Confinement and banishment..........................O + Queince Confinement and transportation......................O + Kervelegan "I am of the same opinion as the last.".............O + Kleber Confinement.........................................O + + Page 223 + + 83. LE GARD (NISMES) + + Jal Death...............................................+ + Leyris Death...............................................+ + Vouland Death...............................................+ P + Chazal, Death...............................................+ I + fils + Tavernel "Death, but not until after the ratification of the + "constitution.".....................................O + Aubry The same............................................O P + Rabaut- The same............................................O G + pommier + Balla Confinement.........................................O + + The Names of the above-mentioned Voters in alphabetical order. + + <i>N.B. The figures refer to the page</i>. + + Alasseur 212 Baudran 156 Bolot 185 Carpentier le 165 + Albert 182 Bansio 213 Bonguyode 157 Carpentier 173 + Albite 188 Baux 206 Bonnemain 205 Carra 185 + Alboys 162 Bazire 213 Bonnesoeur 165 Casabianca 213 + Allafort 217 Bayle 207 Bonnet 153 Caseneuve 201 + Alquier 188 Beauchamp 201 Bonnet 208 Casenave 181 + Amar 156 Beaugeard 154 Bonnet 159 Castillon 153 + Ambermèuil 194 Beauprè 174 Bonnet 205 Cazanies 181 + Amyon 157 Beauvais 176 Bonneval 168 Caze 153 + Andrèe 213 Becker 171 Bordas 197 Cavaignan 162 + Andrè (St.) 161 Beffroy 200 Borel 201 Cayla 162 + Anguis 192 Belin 200 Borie 212 Chabanon 210 + Ansy 162 Bellegarde 210 Boucher 176 Chabot 159 + Antiboul 194 Belleville 209 Boucheron 200 Châles 221 + Anthoine 171 Bentabole 182 Boudin 155 Chaillon 160 + Aoust 173 Bezaud 184 Bouillerot 220 Chambon 212 + Arbagast 183 Bergoin 153 Bouquier 218 Champeaux 215 + Armonville 166 Bernard 190 Bourbotte 199 Champigny 156 + Artigoyte D' 158 Bernard 210 Bourdon 161 Charbonier 194 + Asselin 193 Bernard St. Bourdon 174 Charlier 166 + Aubert 163 Afrique 207 Bourgeois 189 Charrel 156 + Aubry 223 Bernier 191 Bourgeois 221 Chasset 183 + Audoin 187 Berthier 214 Bourges (de) 217 Chatelain 199 + Audrein 170 Bertucat 186 Bousquet 152 Chaumont 154 + Aulnay de l' 164 Besson 218 Boussion 162 Chauvier 185 + Aulnay de l' 164 Bezere 174 Boutrone 186 Chaux (la) 160 + Azema 205 Billaud Va- Boygnes 162 Chazal 223 + B. rennes 175 Brèard 211 Chazàud 210 + Babey 158 Bion 196 Brisson 159 Chedanau 210 + Bailly de Ju- Biroteau 181 Breson 197 Chenier 187 + illy 190 Bissy 167 Bretel 165 Chevalier 186 + Baland 197 Blad 222 Breton (le) 154 Chevalier 201 + Bailleuil 189 Blanc 166 Brissot 221 Chiappe 213 + Ballivet 185 Blanval 178 Brival 212 Choudieu 164 + Balla 223 Blaux 172 Brun 210 Christiani 183 + Bancal 178 Blondel 204 Brunel 153 Claverie 162 + Bar 171 Blutel 190 Brunerie (la) 211 Clauzel 204 + Baraillon 217 BOdin 156 Buzot 220 Cledel 161 + Barbaroux 207 Bodin 204 C. Clerc (le) 159 + Barety 201 Bodot 185 Calès 151 Clerc le) 164 + Barras 194 Boham 222 Calon 173 Cloots 174 + Barrere 179 Boileau 199 Cambacerès 153 Cochet 173 + Baroche 169 Boisset 219 Cambon 153 Cochon 191 + Barrott 163 Boissi-D'An- Camboulas 206 Cointe-pui + Barthelemy 159 glas 203 Campmartin 204 -raveau (le) 191 + Bas (le) 177 Boissiere la 161 Campmas 193 Cointre (le) 187 + Bassal 187 BOissieu 157 Camus 159 Collau de la + Baucheton 212 Bollet 177 Cappin 152 Salcette 219 + + Collot Derasey 155 E. Gamon 203 + d'Herbois 175 Descamps 152 Echasseriaux 211 Gantois 193 + Colombel 174 Desmoulins 175 Egalitè 177 Garan + Combe (la) 206 Despinassy 194 Enlard 177 -coulon 161 + Combe St. Desrouais 174 Engerrand 165 Gardien 155 + Michel (la) 193 Devars 210 Enjubault 167 Garilhe 203 + Condorcet 200 Deydier 199 Ermann 183 Garnier 205 + Comte 180 Dirès 158 Escudier 194 Garnier 211 + Corbel 170 Dorisy 164 Esni 167 Garnot 177 + Cordier 190 Dormier 185 Espert 204 Garros 195 + COrinfustier 203 Doublet 189 Eusset 184 Gasparin 207 + Coste (la) 209 Douge 205 F Gaston 204 + Couhey 197 Doulcet 209 Fabre 153 Gaudin 195 + Couppè 173 Drouet 166 Fabre 181 Gautier 199 + Couppè 215 Drulhe 151 Fabre d'Eg - Gautier 216 + Courtois 204 Dubarran 152 lantine 176 Gayet 163 + Coustard 160 Dubibgnon 154 Fauchet 208 Gayvernon 197 + Couthon 178 Dubois 174 Faure 189 Gazeau 152 + Coutisson 217 Dubois 182 Faure 159 Gelin 185 + Couturier 172 Dubois 203 Faye 197 Genevois 156 + Crampe (la) 179 Dubois-Du- Faye 195 Genissieu 156 + Creuzè-la- bais 208 Fayolle 219 Gensonnè 152 + Tonche 196 Dubouchet 183 Fermont 154 Gentil 161 + Creuzè-pas- Dubreuil 191 Ferrand 179 Gèrente 219 + chal 196 Duchatel 192 Ferry 203 Geoffroy 191 + Croix (de la)166 Ducos 152 Ferroux 157 Gertoux 180 + Croix (la) 197 Ducos 158 Fevre (le) 160 Gervais-fauvè 165 + Croix (la) 221 Dufestel 192 Finot 199 + Curèe 153 Dugêne 212 Fiot (le) 172 Gibergues 178 + Cussy 209 Duguè-dassy 174 Figuet 200 Gillet 171 + Cuvelier 210 Duhem 173 Flageas 159 Girard 195 + D. Dumont 192 Fleury 217 Girard 205 + Damrobe 172 Dumont 209 Florent-lou- Girot-pou-zol 179 + D'Andenac 164 Duperret 208 vet 192 + D'Andenac 164 Dupin 200 Fockedey 173 Giraud 211 + Dannon 179 Duplantier 153 Fonfrede 152 Giraud 216 + Danton 175 Dupont 155 Forest 184 Giroust 221 + David 176 Dupont 179 Fouchè 160 Gleizal 202 + D'Autriche 211 Duprat 207 Foucher 211 Godefroy 174 + Debrie 199 Dupuis 183 Fournel 162 Gommaire 222 + De Chezeau 211 Dupuis 188 Fourney 175 Goudelin 216 + Delamare 174 Duquesnoi 177 Fournier 184 Goupilleau 195 + Delbret 162 Durand-mail- Foussedoire 159 Goupilleau 195 + Delaguelle 160 lane 208 Franc (le) 158 Gourdan 184 + Delcher 159 Duroy 220 France (de) 191 Gorsas 188 + Delahaye 190 Dussault 176 Fremenger 221 Goussuin 173 + Delecloy 192 Dutroubour- Freron 176 Gourry 193 + Delmas 151 nier 196 Fressine 159 Granet 207 + Dentzell 183 Duval 154 Froger 186 Grangeneuve 152 + Derbes-la- Duval 190 G. + tour 202 Duval 205 Gadroy 158 Gregoire 159 + + Grenot 157 Jeune (le) 155 Loiseau 221 Mellinet 160 + Guadet 152 Jeune (le) 167 Loisel 200 Mercier 187 + Guerin 161 Joannot 182 L'onde 215 Merlin 172 + Guermeur 222 Jourdan 172 Lozeau 211 Merlin 173 + Guernoi 222 Jouenne 208 Louchet 206 Merlin 199 + Guffroy 177 Julien 151 Loue (la) 178 Meyer 194 + Guillardin 166 Julien 219 Louis 182 Meynard 218 + Guillermin 185 Just (St.) 200 Louvet 192 Meseujac 210 + Guilmardet 185 K. Louvet 161 Michaud 218 + Guilrault 172 Kersaint 187 M. Michel 169 + Guinberteau 210 Kervelegan 222 Maignen 195 Michel 171 + Guire (la) 152 Kleber 222 Maignan (le) 164 Michel 184 + Guyès 216 L. Magniez 178 Milhan 209 + Guyomard 216 Lacoste 217 Maignet 181 Moine (le) 165 + Guyot 214 Laignelot 176 Mailhe 151 Mollet 199 + Guyrot 219 Lakanal 204 Maille 210 Molveau 168 + Guyter 181 Lafond 212 Mailland Mounel 166 + Guyton-mor- Lambert 214 Durand 218 Monnot 218 + veau 213 Lambert 217 Mailland (le)171 Moneson 204 + H. Lalande 169 Maillv 185 Monestier 163 + Hardy 189 Lanjuinais 154 Mainville 155 Monestier 178 + Hardi (le) 170 Lannot 212 Maysse 202 Montant 151 + Harmand 170 Lanthenas 183 Malarmè 168 Montégot 181 + Hauffmann 188 Laroche 163 Manuel 176 Montey (le) 158 + Havin 165 Laurence 165 Marat 175 Montgilbert 185 + Hecquet 190 Lauranceot 157 Marbos 219 Montmayan 162 + Herard 199 Laure (du) 178 Marcè 222 Moreau 185 + Herault de Laurent 207 Marcy 214 Moreau 169 + Sechelles 188 Lefevre 190 Marèchal (le)220 Morin 206 + Himbert 190 Lecointre 187 Mariette 189 Morisson 195 + Homond L' 209 Lecointe- Marque (la) 217 Mottedo, 213 + Hosdiniere 174 puyraveau 191 Marquis 170 Moulin 184 + Houilliere de164 Laurent 182 Marragon 206 Moysset 152 + Hubert 165 Laurent 163 Martel 201 Musset 195 + Hugo 198 Legendre 172 Martin St. 203 N. + Huguet 216 Legendre 175 Martin St. Nentz 171 + Humbert 170 Legot 209 Prix 193 Neveu 180 + I./J. LequiniO 174 Martin St. Nioche 155 + Ingrand 196 Lesterp- valogues 217 Nion 210 + Isabeau 156 beauvais 196 Martineau 196 Noël 198 + Isnard 194 Letourneur 186 Martinet 219 Noël pointe 183 + Izoard 201 L'Eveque 183 Marvejols 194 Noguer 163 + Izore 174 Levasseur 168 Massieu 174 0. + Jacomin 219 Levasseur 186 Mauduit 190 Obelin 154 + Jal 223 Leyris 223 Maure 198 Official (L') 191 + Jard pan- Leyze (de) 152 Mauld 210 OpOiX 191 + viller 191 Lidon 212 Mauzel 154 Osselin 176 + Jarrv 160 Lindet 220 Marade 151 Oudot 214 + Jaurand 217 Lindet 220 Masuyer 185 P. + Jay 152 Lobinès 207 Meaulle 160 Paganel 162 + Jehon 152 Loi (la) 167 Meillant 180 Page (le) 161 + + Panis 176 Primaudiere 186 Ruamps 211 Thomas 174 + Pastoret 154 Projean 151 Ruelle 155 Thomas 176 + Padrin 184 Prost 157 Rudelle 178 Thuriot 166 + Paux (le) 164 Prunel 157 S. Tocquot 170 + Payne 178 Pryese 173 Sacy (de) 151 Topsent 211 + Pelissier 207 Q. Sage (le) 221 Tournier 206 + Pellè 161 Queince 222 Saladin 192 ToUrneur le 165 + Pellet 163 Quinette 199 Salicetti 213 Treilhard 187 + Pelletier, le 198 R. Salle 168 Treilhard 214 + Peltier 212 Rabaut pom- Salleles 162 Turreau 199 + Pemartin 180 mier 223 Sallengtos 173 V. + Penieres 212 Rabaut St. Salmon 186 Vadier 204 + Pepin 155 Etienne 205 Sanadon 180 Valazè 174 + Perard 164 Raffron 176 Savornin 202 Valdruche 167 + Peraldi 213 Rameau 215 Santeyra 219 Valleè 221 + Perès 151 Ramel 205 Saurine 159 Valogues 207 + Perès 206 Randon 163 Savary 221 Vardon 208 + Perrin 197 Raynault 159 Saustrault 172 Varlet 177 + Perrin 205 Rèal 156 Scellier 192 Vatelier 166 + Personne 178 Rebecqui 207 Seconds 206 Vaublanc 157 + Pethion 221 Reguis 202 Seguin 219 Venaille 159 + Petit 200 Reverchon 185 Senault 173 Vergniault 152 + Peussard 217 Rewbell 182 Serjeant 176 Verdallin 202 + Peuvergne 209 Ribereau 210 Serres 201 Viritè (de) 193 + Peyz 202 Ribet 165 Serveau 167 Vermond 204 + Pflieger 182 Ricard 194 Serviere 163 Vernety 218 + Phelippeaux 186 Richard 186 Servonat 156 Vernier 157 + Picquè 180 Richou 220 Sevestre 154 Vicomterie + Pierret 205 Ritter 182 Siblot 184 (la) 175 + Pilastre 164 Rivaud 197 Sillery 193 Vidalin 201 + Pinel 165 Rivery 193 Simon 183 Vidalot 162 + Pinet 217 Rhull 183 Soloniac 194 Vicunet 153 + Piozzy 196 Robert 176 Soubeyran 202 Vigneron 185 + Plaichart Robert 203 Soubrany 178 Viguy 191 + chottiere 168 Robin 204 Souhait 197 Villars 167 + Plaigne (la) 151 Robespierre 175 Soulignac 197 Villiers (de)166 + Planche (la) 172 Robespierre 176 Source (la) 193 Villers 160 + Pocholles 188 Roche-gude 194 Syeyes 186 Villette 174 + Poisson 165 Rocher (du) 194 T. Vigèe 156 + Pons 169 Romme 178 Taillefer 217 Vincent 188 + Porcher 155 Rouault 171 Tallien 187 Vinet 211 + Porte (la) 182 Roubaud 194 Tarriè 209 Vilet 184 + Portier 174 Rovere 207 Taveau 208 Vouland 223 + Potrier 155 Rousseau 167 Tavernel 223 W. + Poulain 166 Roussel 169 Tellier 190 Wandelin + Poulain grand Roux 167 Tenier 217 -court 167 + Prè 197 Roux-fazillac 218 Thibaut 155 Y. + Poultier 173 Rouzet 151 Thibault 209 Yger 190 + Precy 199 Rouyer 153 Thibaudot 196 Ysarn Godf. 206 + Pressavin 183 Royer 199 Thierrier 204 Z. + Prieur 166 Royt 187 Thirion 171 Zangiacomi 169 + Prieur 214 Rualt 189 + + ****** +</pre> +<a name="2H_4_0002"><!-- H2 anchor --></a> + +<div style="height: 4em;"><br><br><br><br></div> + +<h2> + RESULT OF THE THIRD SCRUTINY. +</h2> +<center> +PRESIDENT VERGNIAULT. +</center> +<center> +"CITIZENS! +</center> +<p> +"I am going to pronounce the sentence of rigour against Louis. +"When justice has spoken, humanity should then make her voice heard. +"I intreat the members and the tribune to observe profound silence. +"The assembly is composed of 745 members: 1 of these is dead—6 are +"sick—2 absent without assigning any reason—11 are absent with +"leave—4 have not voted; the total is 24, which, being deducted +"from 745, there remain 721 voters, of whom the absolute majority is +"361. +</p> +<pre> + "36 are for death, leaving the time of it to be discussed hereafter. + "9 for death, with respite. + "2 for death, after a peace. + "2 for chains. +"319 for confinement. +"366 for death. +</pre> +<center> +"CITIZENS, +</center> +<p> +"The punishment pronounced against Louis is DEATH." +</p> +<center> +****** +</center> +<center> +THE APPEAL OF LOUIS XVI. +</center> +<p> +"I OWE it to my honour, I owe it to my family, not to subscribe to an +"accusation which I have not merited. I declare therefore, that I +"bring an appeal to the nation at large from the judgment passed +"against me; and I give to my defenders all necessary powers, in +"order that this present appeal may be inserted in the Journals of +"the Convention." +</p> +<p> +Refused! +</p> +<pre> +<i>The</i> ADDRESS <i>of Mons</i>. DE SEZE, <i>one of the defenders of the King</i>, +<i>to the Convention</i>. + + "THE ratification by the French people, which Louis demands, +"is the exercise of a natural and sacred right which belongs to +"every person accused; it is the right of every man, and +"consequently of Louis. If we did not prefer this claim in his +"defence, it was because it was not in our power to foresee that the +"National Convention would resolve upon judging him; or, if it did +"judge him, that it would condemn him. We now learn, that the fatal +"decree, which condemns Louis to death, has been carried by a +"majority of five votes only. Permit me, Citizens, to represent to +"you, in the name of humanity, in the name of that sacred principle +"which calls for every mitigation in favour of the accused, that this +"circumstance, so very extraordinary, may well engage you +"voluntarily to accede to the proposed ratification. I demand it in +"the name of justice, in the name of our country, in the name of +"humanity. Exercise your own high powers; but do not astonish France +"by the exhibition of a judgment that must appear terrible, when the +"surprising minority comes to be considered. +</pre> +<p> +"Citizens, permit me to adjure you once more in the name of +"Louis XVI. and to conclude with suggesting to you, whether, whilst +"you are contending for the security of the nation, and its real +"interest, you will not tremble, when you reflect, that the safety of +"the republic, the Security of the French empire, and the happiness +"of 25 millions of people, may possibly depend upon five votes." +</p> +<center> +****** +</center> +<center> +FOURTH APPEL NOMINAL. +</center> +<p> +THE object of this fourth appeal was to know whether the +execution of Louis might be deferred; 310 were for respite, and 380 +against it. Thus, by a majority of 70 votes, it was decreed, that +the sentence against Louis XVI. should be executed without delay. +</p> +<center> +****** +</center> +<center> +THE EXECUTION OF LOUIS XVI. +</center> +<p> +21st JANUARY, 1793. +</p> +<p> +THE minister of justice and the heads of the administrative +corps, having proceeded to the Temple on Sunday the 20th of January, +about four in the evening, notified to Louis the warrant for his +execution. "I demand," said the King, "a respite of three days to +"prepare myself for appearing before God. To assist me in this work, +"I desire to have Mr. Edgeworth, (an Irish clergyman) with whom I may +"freely communicate. I desire that he may be secured from all +"uneasiness, or apprehension, on account of this charitable office +"which he shall perform for me. I desire to be relieved from that +"perpetual watch which the council-general has set over me for some +"days. I demand in this interval the privilege of seeing my family +"when I shall desire it, and without witnesses. I could also wish, +"that the Convention would, as speedily as may be, set about +"determining the fate of my family, and permit them to see each other +"freely and commodiously, when they shall think proper. +</p> +<p> +"I recommend to the liberality of the nation all those persons who +"have been attached to me. Among my pensioners there are many aged +"men, women, and children, who have no other means of subsistence." +</p> +<p> +Of all there requisitions Louis obtained only that of seeing his +family without witnesses. It was the first time since his +imprisonment. The interview lasted two hours. It is impossible to +express the horror of the moment, when he was obliged to tear himself +away from them. On his return to his apartment, the King passed a +almost the whole of the night in prayer. He then laid down and slept +a few hours, and early in the morning betook himself again to prayer. +</p> +<p> +The 21st of January, at half past eight o'clock, Santerre, the +commandant-general, came to signify to Louis the order for his going +to execution. Having requested three minutes to speak with his +confessor, he then turned to Santerre, and told him that he was ready +to follow him. +</p> +<p> +The King crossed the first court of the Temple on foot; he then +entered the coach of Pethion, the mayor of Paris, with his Confessor +and two Gendarmes. His route lay along, the Boulevards, which were +lined with above two hundred thousand men in arms. All the way Louis +was deeply engaged in reading the prayers appointed for persons at +the point of death. +</p> +<p> +Being, arrived at the <i>Place de Louis XV.</i> which was the place of +execution, about ten o'clock in the morning, he alighted from the +carriage with calmness, took off his clothes himself, remaining in +his white under-waistcoat, untied his cravat, and opened the collar +of his shirt; he then threw himself upon his knees to receive the +last benediction of his Confessor, got up immediately after, and +ascended the scaffold alone. At that moment his Confessor cried out +to him, "Son of St. Louis, you are going up to Heaven!" [Footnote; +Other accounts state, that it was when the King had just prepared +himself for the stroke of the fatal instrument, that Mons. Edgeworth, +his confessor, called out (in the imperative) with a loud voice, +"Enfant de Saint Louis, montez au Ciel." "Son of St. Louis, mount up +"to Heaven."] +</p> +<p> +Far from opposing those who came to cut off his hair, and bind his +hands, " Do with me," said he, "what you will, it is the last +"sacrifice." He then made a motion with his hand to obtain +"silence.—"I die perfectly innocent of all the pretended crimes laid +"to my charge—I forgive all those who have had any hand in my +"misfortunes, and I pray that my blood may be of use in restoring +"happiness to France—and you, unhappy people!" ...... +</p> +<p> +At these words, the unfeeling Santerre gave orders that the drums +should beat, crying out to the King, "that he had not brought him +"there to declaim, but to die." At that instant his head was severed +from his body! ...... +</p> +<p> +The corpse was immediately conveyed to the Magdalene +burying-ground, and thrown into a pit twelve feet deep, into which a +considerable quantity of quicklime was cast. +</p> +<p> +It is said, that after crying out, "<i>Vive la Nation!</i>" +"<i>Vive la Republique!</i>" some volunteers dipped their pikes, and +others their handkerchiefs, in the blood of the victim. One person +alone had the courage to cry out, <i>Grace</i>, and was instantly cut down +with a sabre. +</p> +<p> +Thus died Louis XVI. King of France and Navarre. He was born the +23d of August, 1754, ascended the throne the 10th of May, 1774, and +reigned eighteen years and three months. +</p> +<center> +****** +</center> +<pre> +The following dates relative to the destiny of this prince have +been brought together and contrasted. + + 21st April, 1770, Marriage of Louis at Vienna, and delivery of the +ring. + + 21st June, 1770, Great rejoicings at Paris on account of his +marriage. + + 21st January, 1772, Festival doings in the city on account of the +birth of the first Dauphin. + + 21st June, 1791, The King's departure, or rather flight to +Varennes. + + 21st September, 1792, Abolition of Royalty. + + 21st January, 1793, Louis beheaded. +</pre> +<center> +****** +</center> +<a name="2H_4_0003"><!-- H2 anchor --></a> + +<div style="height: 4em;"><br><br><br><br></div> + +<h2> + THE LAST WILL OF LOUIS XVI. +</h2> +<p> +IN the name of the most holy Trinity, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, +this day, the 25th of December, 1792, I, Louis XVI. by name, King of +France, having been four months shut up with my family in the Tower +of the Temple, at Paris, by those who were my <i>subjects</i>, and +deprived of all communication whatever, even, since the 11th of this +month, with my family; being moreover involved in a trial, of which +it is impossible to foresee the issue, on account of the passions of +men, and for which there is no pretence nor motive in any existing +law, having none but God for witness to my thoughts, and to whom I +can address myself, I here declare, in his presence, my last will and +sentiments. +</p> +<p> +I leave my soul to GOD my creator; I beseech him to receive it in +his mercy; not to judge it according to its merits, but to those of +our Lord Jesus Christ, who offered himself as a sacrifice to GOD his +Father for us men, unworthy of it as we are, and I more than any. +</p> +<p> +I die in the faith of our holy mother the catholic, apostolic, and +Roman Church, which derives her powers in an uninterrupted succession +from St. Peter, to whom Jesus Christ had entrusted them; I firmly +believe and acknowledge all that is contained in the apostles' +creed, the commandments of God, and of the church; the sacraments and +mysteries, such the Catholic Church teaches, and has always taught +them; I never pretended, to be a judge of the different modes of +explaining the dogmas which divide the church of Jesus Christ; but I +have always trusted, and shall always trust, if God grants me life, +to the decisions that the ecclesiastical superiors, together with the +holy catholic church, give and shall give, according to the +discipline of the church since Jesus Christ. I pity with all my +heart our brethren who may be in error, but I do not pretend to judge +them; nor do I love them the less in Jesus Christ, according to what +christian charity teaches us, and I pray God to forgive me all my +sins: I have scrupulously sought to know them, to detest them, and to +humble myself in his presence. Not being permitted to make use of +the ministry of a catholic priest, I pray God to receive the +confession which I have made to him of them; and above all, my +sincere repentance for having put my name (though against my will) to +acts that may be contrary to the discipline and faith of the catholic +church, to which I have always been sincerely and faithfully united. +I pray God to accept my firm resolution, if he grants me life, to +make use as soon as possible of the ministry of a catholic priest, +that I may accuse myself of all my sins, and receive the sacrament of +penance. I beseech all those whom I may have inadvertently offended, +(for I do not remember to have knowingly given offence to any person) +and those to whom I may have given bad examples, or caused scandal, +to forgive the injuries they think I may have done them. +</p> +<p> +I implore all charitable persons to join their prayers to mine, to +obtain from God the pardon of my sins; I, with all my heart, forgive +those who are become my enemies, although I have not given them any +reason to be so; and I beseech God to forgive them, as well as those +who, through a false or mistaken zeal, have brought many misfortunes +on me. +</p> +<p> +I recommend to God, my wife and children; my sisters, my aunts, my +brothers, and all those who are attached to me, either by the ties of +blood, or in any other way whatever. I particularly beseech God to +cast a merciful eye on my wife, my children, and my sister, who have +long suffered with me, to support them by his grace, if they should +happen to lose me, and as long as they remain in this perishable +world. +</p> +<p> +I recommend my children to my wife; I never doubted her maternal +tenderness for them. I above all recommend to her to make them good +christians, and honest people; to make them consider the grandeurs of +this world (if they be condemned to possess them) only as dangerous +and perishable possessions, and to direct their attention to +Eternity, the only solid and durable glory. I beg of my sister to +continue her tenderness to my children, and to be a mother to them, +if they should have the misfortune of losing her who is such. +</p> +<p> +I intreat my wife to forgive me all the afflictions she suffers +for my sake, and the sorrows I may have given her in the course of +our union; as she may be certain that I have no fault to find with +her, even where she may think she has cause to reproach herself. +</p> +<p> +I earnestly recommend to my children, after what they owe to God, +(which is the first of all duties) to live always in harmony with one +another, to be submissive and obedient to their mother, and grateful +to her for all the care and trouble she takes for them out of regard +to my memory. I desire them to consider my sister as their second +mother. +</p> +<p> +I recommend to my Son, if he has the misfortune to become King, to +remember that he owes himself entirely to his fellow citizens; that +he must forget all hatred and resentment, and particularly all that +relates to the misfortunes and afflictions that I endure; that he can +only make the people happy by reigning according to the laws, but at +the same time, that a King cannot make himself respected, and do all +the good he wishes, without having the necessary authority; and that +otherwise, being restrained in his operations, and not inspiring +respect, he is rather hurtful than useful. +</p> +<p> +I recommend to my son to take as much care of all those persons +who were attached to me, as the circumstances he may be in will allow +him; to recollect that it is a sacred debt which I have contracted +towards the children or the relations of those who have died for me, +and those who suffer for my sake. I know that there are several +persons among those who ought to have been attached to me, who have +not acted towards me as they ought, and have even been ungrateful +towards me; but I forgive them, (often in time of trouble and +confusion, men are not masters of themselves) and I beg my son, if he +finds the opportunity, to think only of their misfortunes. +</p> +<p> +I wish I could here give a testimony of my gratitude to those who +have shown a true and disinterested affection for me. If, on the one +hand, I have been sensibly affected with the ingratitude and +disloyalty of those, to whom I had shewn at all times only kindness +to them, their relations, or friends; on the other hand, I have had +the consolation to receive proofs of disinterested affection and +regard from several others. I beg them to accept my best thanks. +</p> +<p> +In the present state of things, I should fear to expose them if I +spoke more explicitly; but I particularly recommend to my son to +embrace every opportunity of discovering them. +</p> +<p> +Nevertheless, I think I should wrong the national feeling, if I +were not openly to recommend to my son Messieurs De Chamilly and Hue, +whose sincere affection for me induced them to shut themselves up +with me in this melancholy abode, and who ran the risque (sic) of +being the unfortunate victims of their attachment. I also recommend +Cleri, with whose attentions I have had all reasons to be satisfied +ever since he has been with me. As he is the person who has remained +with me to the last, I request Messieurs de la Commune to give him my +clothes, my books, and the other trifles which have been deposited at +the Council of the Commune. +</p> +<p> +I also very willingly forgive those who guarded me, for their ill +treatment, and the constraint which they thought necessary to keep me +under. I have found some feeling and compassionate minds; may they +enjoy in their hearts the pleasure that their turn of thinking must +afford them. +</p> +<p> +I request Messieurs De Malsherbes, Tronchet, and De Seze, to +receive my best thanks, and assurances of my gratitude for all the +care and attention they have shown me. +</p> +<p> +I conclude with declaring before GOD, being ready to appear before +him, that I cannot reproach myself with any of those crimes that have +been laid to my charge. +</p> +<p> +Made and copied in the Tower of the Temple, the 25th of December, +1792. +</p> +<pre> + (Signed) LOUIS. + + And undersigned BEAUDRAIS, Municipal Officer. +</pre> +<center> +****** +</center> +<a name="2H_4_0004"><!-- H2 anchor --></a> + +<div style="height: 4em;"><br><br><br><br></div> + +<h2> + A LIST OF MANY OF THE MOST CONSIDERABLE SUFFERERS UNDER THE FRENCH REVOLUTION +</h2> +<p> +Note. The letter R at the head of a name Signifies Revolutionary; +D means doubtful, i.e. a character not fully known; L signifies +Loyalist, and an innocent victim. The letters at the end of a name +signify A assassinated; I imprisoned; G guillotined; M massacred; +P proscribed; S suicide. +</p> +<pre> + + L De Favras, knight of the order of St. Louis G + R De Clermont-Tonnere, marèschal of France, ex-constituent; that + is, member of the first national assembly M + L De Clermont-d'Amboise, cordon bleu; i.e. knight of the Holy + Ghost G + L D'Halouville, sub-governor of the dauphin M + L Le Vicomte de Maillè, marèschal-de-camp M + R Le Due de la Rochefoucault, ex-constituent M + L Le Vicomte de Broves, colonel, ex-constituent M + L The celebrated Durosoy, compiler of the Paris Gazette G + L Delaporte, intendant of the civil list G + L L'Abbè Rastignac, an author and ex-constituent M + L L'Abbè Lenfant, preacher to the King M + L The prisoners of the Convent des Carmes, to the number of 140 M + L The prisoners of l'Abbaye St. Germain, to the number of 162 M + L The prisoners in seminary of St. Fermin, to the number of 92 M + D The prisoners in the Hotel de la Force, 167 M + D The prisoners of the Grand Chatelet, 214 M + D The prisoners in the Conciergerie, 85 M + D The prisoners of the Castle of Bicêtre, 153 M + L The prisoners of the Cloister of the Bernardins, 73 M + L The prisoners from Orleans butchered at Versailles, 57 M + L Le Comte de Montmorin, minister and secretary of state M + L Dulau, Archbishop of Arles M + L De la Rochefoucault, bishop of Beauvais M + L De la Rochefoucault, bishop of Saintes M + L L'Abbè de Puysegur, vicar-general of Rheims M + L De la Mothe, body-guard of the Count D'Artois M + L The Princess de Lamballe M + L The Marquis de Montmorin, governor of Fontainebleau M + L Delessart, minister and secretary of state M + L The Duke de Brissac, marèchal de France M + L The bishop of Mendes M + R Mounier, president of the constituent assembly P + R The two brothers Lameth, ex-constituents P + R All the members <i>du cotè gauche</i> of the first assembly, i.e. + those who were originally for the revolution, and distinguished + themselves by sitting on the left side of the hall P + Louis XVI. the object of lamentation to every true Frenchman G + R Basseville, agent of the republic at Rome M + R General Marquis de la Fayette, ex-constituent I + R General Winphen, ex-constituent P + L The Marquis d'Angremont G + L De Blackmann, major of the Swiss guards G + L De Cazotte, a man of letters, upwards of 80 years of age G + R General Montesquieu, ex-constituent P + R The celebrated Count Mirabeau, expelled from the pantheon. + (Depantheonisè.) + R Chabroud, advocate to the Duke of Orleans, ex-constituent P + D Le Comte de Tally Tollendal, ex-constituent P + D Le Comte de Cazalès, ex-constituent P + D Baron de Beaumarchais, author of Figaro P + L D'Abancourt, minister of war M + R Duperron, administrator of police M + L Thierry, principal valet de chambre of the King M + L Chantraine, master of the wardrobe to the King M + D De Rhuliers, commandant of the household cavalry, (la + gendarmerie a cheval) M + L Dom. Chevreux, general of the benedictines M + L De St. Palaye, counsellor (sic) of the chamber of accompts M + L Maussabrê, aide-du-camp to the Duke de Brissac M + R Desmarais, chief in the office of assignats M + R Amelot, director of the Caisse de l'Extra-ordinaire M + R Garat, cashier of the public treasure M + L Hèbert, general of the Eudists, (a monastic order) and confessor + to the King M + L Deprès, vicar-general of Paris M + L Langlade, vicar-general of Rouen M + L Bonneau, vicar-general of Lyons M + L Defoucault, vicar-general of Arles M + L Defargue vicar-general of Toulon M + L Delubersac, almoner to the King's sisters M + L Turmenyes, grand master of Navarre M + L Comte de St. Mart, colonel M + L Dewittgestein, lieutenant-general and cordon rouge, <i>i.e.</i> + commander of the order of St. Louis M + L The Abbè de Boisgelin, agent-general of the clergy of France M + L Thirty Swiss officers M + L De Rohan Chabot, brother of the Prince of Lèon M + L Dechamplost, principal valet de chambre of the King M + L Thirty officers of the King's guards M + D Romainvilliers, chef de division M + L Decharnois, a man of letters M + D Delachesnaye, chef de division M + R General Dumourier P + R De Bournonville, minister of war I + R General Dillon M + R The two sons of the Duke of Orleans P + L De Blanchelande, governor of St. Domingo G + R De Perigord, bishop of Autun, first author of the schism in + France P + R Charlotte Corday, who assassinated Marat G + R General Paoli, of Corsica P + R General Custine, ex-constituent G + R The intruding bishop of Ausch P + R General Guetineau G + R General Servan P + R General Biron G + L Marie Antoinette, Queen of France G + R The Duke of Orleans, called Egalitè G + R Bailly, ex-constituent and first mayor of G + R Roland minister of justice at the time of the King's trial S + R Madame Roland, his wife G + L Duchesne, intendant of Madame G + R General Houchard G + R General Roulè G + L Gilbert Desvoisins, president of the parliament of Paris G + R Ysambert, brigadier-general of the republican army G + D The two brothers Raba, Jews of Bourdeaux, worth a million G + D The mother-in-law, of Pethion, the mayor of Paris G + R General Brunet G + L Delaverdy, comptroller-general of the finances G + L About thirty thousand French gentlemen emigrated. + L Near sixty thousand ecclesiastics transported out of France + R General la Morliere G + L De Bèrulle, first president of the parliament of Grenoble G + D Harrop of London, a merchant in Paris G + R Barnave, advocate, ex-constituent G + R Duport-dutertre, ex-minister of justice G + R Emmery, president at the time of administering the oath; a jew G + L The Countess du Barry, mistress of Louis XV. G + D The Duke du Chatelet, colonel of the French guards G + R Le Brun, ex-minister of the home department G + D Dietrick, mayor of Strasbourg G + R General Arthur Dillon G + R General Beauregard P + R Garat, minister of the republic G + R Champfort, of the French academy S + R Hydius, deputé suppleant, <i>i.e.</i> one chosen to supply a vacancy S + R Clavieres, minister of public contributions S + R Luckner, revolutionary marshal of France G + D The son of General Custine, aged 25 years G + R General Stengel P + R Delomenie, archbishop of Sens, <i>decardinalisè</i>, degraded from + the dignity of cardinal S + L De Champenetre, an officer of the French guards G + R General Ferriere P + D Jolly, ex-minister of finances P + L Boucher d'Argis, lieutenant criminel (sic) Chatelet de Paris G + R General la Vallette P + R General 0-moran P + R General Beauharnois P + R General Ferrand P + R General Landremont P + R General Schomberg G + R General Beysser G + R General Hedonville P + R General Dumesnil P + R General Demars P + R General Barthelemy P + R General Protaux M + L Clery, a person in the King's confidence I + R Anacharsis Cloots, called the orator of mankind G + R Chauvelin, ambassador in England P + R General Duhoux P + L Some thousands of victims at Lyons G + L Similar victims in thousands at Toulon G + L The Countess of Lauraguais G + L The Count of Troussebois, lieutenant-colonel G + L The Prince Jules de Rohan I + L The Duke and Duchess of Luynes I + L The Duchess of Montmorency I + R General Le Tanducre I + R General D'Ortoman I + L De Levis, marshal of France I + L The Prince Charles of Hesse D'Armstadt I + L Gueau de Reverseau, intendant of the finances G + R The Countess de Genlis P + R General Westermann G + L The Duchess of Richlieu I + L Duchaffaud, lieutenant-general of the naval forces M + R La Mourette, intruding bishop of Lyons G + L Maussion intendant of Rouen G + L The Countess de la Rochefoucault G + R Chapelier, advocate at Rennes, ex-constituent G + R Viscount de la Roque G + L Count de Chateau-vieux, cordon-rouge G + R Charrier de la Roche, intruding bishop of Rouen G + R De Quincon, ex-constituent G + R Buffet, ex-constituent G + R Perisse du Luc, ex-constituent G + L The Princess of Monaco I + L Countess of Choiseul I + R General Carteaux I + D Count de Choiseul la Baume I + L Marquis of Briant, lieutenant-general in the King's army I + L Le Marquis de Pujet G + R Hèbert, national agent G + R Roncin, commander of the revolutionary army G + R Montmoro, administrator of the department of Paris G + R Dubuisson, commissary of the executive power G + L Comte de Balleroy, lieutenant-general G + R Gouttes, intruding bishop of Autun G + L De Champcenetz, governor of the Tuilleries I + R Antonelle, mayor of Arles, ex-constituent I + R General Santerre I + R Deforgues, minister of the republic I + R The Abbè d'Espagnac G + L De Chamberon, carmelite of St. Denis G + L Dom. Courtin, superior general of Clugny G + L De Tourzell governess of the royal children I + L De Tourzel, the son and daughter of the foregoing I + L Le Comte de Querhoent, marechal du camp G + L De Vergennes, formerly minister of foreign affairs I + L De Vergennes, his son I + L La Tour du Pin, formerly minister at war I + L Madame Chauvelin de la Bourdonnois I + L The Duchess de Charost I + R Clavieres, brother of the ex-minister I + L Pelletier de Rosambeau, president of the parliament of Paris G + L Devendeuil, director of the India Company I + L Delahaye, farmer-general G + L The Abbè Maury, brother of the cardinal of that name G + L The Countess de Suffren I + L The Count de Raincourt, lieut.-general I + R Thouret, advocate of Rouen, ex-constituent G + L The Marquis Delamotte-Senoux G + L The Marquis de St. Germain d'Apehon, colonel G + R Parè, ex-minister of the home-department I + R Gobet, intruding bishop of Paris G + R Chaumette, procureur of la commune de Paris G + R The wife of Camile Desmoulins, the journalist G + R The wife of Montmoro, the first goddess of reason G + R The wife of Hébert, national agent G + R Grammont, comedian and adjutant in the army G + R Lacroix, commissary of the executive power G + R Chevalier de St. Huruge, a flaming revolutionist I + L Count D'Aubusson, cordon rouge I + R Van Eupen, a Brabanter G + L De Sarron, De Gourgues, De Champlatreux and D'Ormessen, all + four presidents of the parliament of Paris G + L The Marquis de la Roche Lambert I + L Madame de Choiseul-Meuse I + L De la Borde, banker to the court G + R General Hoche I + R The Duke de Bethune Charost G + L De Beausset, lawful bishop of Alais I + R Selle, inspector-general of the military effects of the army G + L The, Countess de Montmorin I + R General Ramel G + R Vincent, national agent G + L De Cheville, intendant d'Orleans I + L Duval D'Esprèmenil, counsellor of the parliament of Paris and + ex-constituent G + L Madame Joly de Fleury, lady of the advocate-general G + L De Malsherbe, counsellor of state and one of the defenders of + Louis G + L Mademoiselle de Malsherbe G + L Marquis de Chateau Briant G + L The Marchioness de Chateau Briant G + L Duchess du Chatelet G + L Duchess de Grammont G + L Anisson du Perron, printer to the King G + L Mademoiselle de Bethissy, 17 years of age I + D The wife of General Schomberg I + R The father of General Santerre I + L The Duke de Villeroy, first captain of the body-guards G + R Count D'Estaing, vice-admiral of France G + L Count de la Tour du Pin, lieut.-general G + R Count de Bethune Charost G + D Count du Prat, colonel G + L De Crosne, intendant of Rouen, and formerly lieutenant of police + at Paris G + L De Nicolai, president of the grand council G + L Angran, lieutenant civil de Paris G + L The Countess du Bussy G + L Terray, intendant de Lyon G + L Madame Terray, his lady G + R Coffinel, solicitor of the Queen's trial, and judge of the + revolutionary tribunal G + L Troussebois de Bellesise, a canoness, aged 81 years G + R Jourdan, of Avignon, surnamed Coupe-tete G + R Grouvelle, agent for Denmark, and registrar of the convention at + the time of the King's death P + R Le Flotte, minister of the republic I + R Du Fourney, a furious jacobin P + L Marquis de Choiseul la Baum, and his steward G + L De Willerval, knight of St. Louis G + D Count de Levis, colonel, ex-constituent G + R Picquet, aide-de-camp to General La Fayette G + D The two Tassins, famous bankers in Paris G + L Count de Sombreuil, governor of the invalids, and his son G + L The Prince de Rohan Rochefort I + D The Comte de Laval Montmorency I + R Servaux, agent to the committee of general safety I + D Musquinet de la Fage G + L Gattey, bookseller in Paris G + D De Tolozan, general of brigade I + L Thorin de la Thane, captain in the Swiss guards I + L Gigot Boisbernier, canon of Sens I + L Ariaque de Guybeville, honorary president of the parliament of + Paris G + L Gougenet, governor of the India company G + L Du Chillan, marèchal du camp G + L Le Noir, formerly lieutenant de police in Paris G + R La Ville, member of the revolutionary committee G + R La Peize, member of the revolutionary committee G + L Duport, counsellor of the parliament of Paris G + L Camus de la Ribourgere G + L The president Roland G + L The president Hocquart G + L The Count de Blin G + L Le pere D'Anquetil, an author I + R Schneider, public accuser at Strasburgh G + R General Chapuis I + L De Pommeuse, counsellor of the great chamber G + R General Goguet M + R The brother of Hebert, national agent I + R The two brothers of the ex-minister Du-Portail G + L The Marquis de Jancourt, ex-constituent G + D Almost all the farmers general G + Madame Elizabeth of France, sister of Louis XVI. G + L The Count de Sourdeval G + D The Count Lomenie de Brienne, minister of war G + R De Lomenie, coadjutor of Sens G + R Chevalier de Lomenie G + D Le Comte de Lomenie, colonel G + L De Serilly, treasurer at war G + L De Serilly, major of Swiss guards G + L Chambertrand, dean and vicar-general of Sens G + L The Marchioness de l'Aigle G + L The Marchioness de Senozan G + L The Marchioness de Crussot d'Amboise G + L The Countess de Montmorin G + L The Countess de Rossay G + L Madame de Serilly, aged 31 G + L A great number of religieuses, (nuns) G + R Pache, mayor of Paris I + R Ansi, ex-legislator I + L De Beauvilliers, and his wife I + R L'Huillier, national agent S + L The Count de Lastie I + R The brother of General Santerre I + R Moreau, adjutant of the army G + D De Marguerite, mayor of Nismes, ex-constituent G + R General Haxo S + R General Moulin S + L Brillon de St. Cyr, maitre des comptes G + L Beller, auditor of accounts G + R General Charbonnier I + D Count de Levis Mirepoix, ex-constituent G + L De Vigneron, president of the parliament of Nancy G + R Donadieu, general of brigade G + L The Marquis d'Apremont G + D The Marquis de Bieville, and his son G + L The Marquis de Trans G + L The Viscount de la Vallette G + D William Newton, an Englishman G + D The Baron de Marguerite G + L Fourteen members of the parliament of Toulouse G + L The Prince de Rohan Rochefort G + D The Count de Laval Montmorency G + D The Count de Pons G + L De Sartine, son of the heretofore minister of state G + L Madame de St. Amaranthe G + L The Prince de St. Maurice G + L The Viscount de Boissancourt G + L The widow of Mons. D'Esprèmènil G + R Michonis, municipal officer of Paris G + L The Count de Mesnil G + D Defreteau, counsellor of the parliament of Paris, + ex-constituent G + R Dom. Gerle, a Carthusian, ex-constituent I + R Quevremont, physician to Egalitè I + D The Marquis de Chassenet I + R The wife, the daughter, and the son-in-law of the mayor Pache I + R Ginguenet, a patriotic poet I + L De Rosset, count de Fleury G + L The Abbè Tremouille, grand dean of Strasbourg G + L The Count de Gamaches, standard-bearer of the horse-guards G + L De Briffeuil, ecclesiastical counsellor of the great chamber of + Paris G + L Le Brasseur, formerly intendant of the marine G + L Eleven new members of the parliament of Toulouse G + L Peruchot, directeur des fermes G + L De Varennes, formerly major of infantry G + R The celebrated advocate Linguet G + L Twenty-two young ladies, from 17 to 25 years of age G + L De Mouchy, marshal of France G + L The lady of the Marshal de Mouchy G + L The lady of the Marshal de Biron G + D The widow of the General Biron G + R Victor de Broglie, ex-constituent G + L De St. Priest brother of the heretofore minister G + R Phillippe, a deputy supplèant I + L The Count de Polastron G + L The Marquis de la Guiche I + L Lambert, formerly comptroller-general of the finances G + L Chamilly, valet de chambre to the King G + L Madame du Portal, abbess of Joui G + L The Marquis de St. Didier G + R Two of the legionary chiefs of the national guard G + L Pichard, president of Bourdeaux G + L Vicq. D'Asyr, a celebrated physician at Paris G + R D'Aoust, De Lattre and Du Verger, three generals of the + republican army G + L The Abbè de Salignac de Fenèlon, aged 85 years G + L De Fenèlon, son of the ambassador at the Hague G + L De Bacquencourt, counsellor of state G + L The duke de Gesvres, cordon bleu G + L The Prince d'Henin, captain of the guards of the Count d'Artois G + L De Nicolas, president of the chamber of accounts G + L Ysabeau de Mouvel, registrar of the parliament G + L De la Baume, marechal du camp G + L De Boisgelin, marechal du camp G + L Ten young women not more than twenty years of age G + L Two young men of 14 and 17 years (fate not stated-Editor) + L The Marquis de la Roche du Maine G + L De Giac, maitre de requètes G + L The Count de Chastenier G + L Debesse, bailly de Malthe G + L From the 5th to the 10th Of July, 1794 are reckoned 295 persons G + L The Viscount de Damas, and his son G + L De Verdieres, general-officer G + L De L'Aupespine, canon of St. Claud G + L Random de la Tour, treasurer of the King's household G + L De Boisgelin, cordon bleu, and his wife G + L The Abbè Royer, counsellor of state G + L The Abbè Radix, counsellor in the parliament of Paris G + L Geoffroi D'Assy, cashier of the general receipts G + L De Pènant, president of the chamber of accounts G + L De Pènant, president of the court of Aides, and his son G + L Dom. Nonan, prior of the Carthusians at Paris G + L The Chevalier de Puyvert, officer of the navy G + L The son of the immortal Buffon G + L Macdonald, colonel of the regiment de Foix G + L Rapin Thoyras, captain of artillery G + L De Montarly, captain of infantry G + L Clermont, mayor of Salines, ex-constituent G + R Marcandier, journalist of Paris G + R La Croix, member of the committee de Surveillance G + D Imbert, officer of the Marêchausseè G + L Le Comte de Faudoas, captain of cavalry G + L The daughter of the above, aged eighteen years G + L Souchet d'Alvinant, governor of the King's pages G + L Rousseau, fencing-master to the royal children G + L Huet d'Ambrun, maitre de requètes' G + L La Chapelle, commissary of the King's houshold (sic) G + L Sixteen Carmelites of Compeigne (sic) G + L Conin de St. Luc, president of the parliament of Bretagne G + R Legris, registrar of the revolutionary tribunal G + L De Blancheland, son of the governor of St. Domingo, aged + 20 years G + L The lady of the Marshal de Noailles, aged 70 years G + L The lady of Viscount de Noailles, aged 35 G + L The Dutchess d'Ayen, aged 57 years G + L De Talaru, cordon rouge G + L The Marquis de la Roche Lambert G + L Boutin, formerly treasurer of the navy G + L La Borde, farmer-general G + L Lassond des Essarts, chef d'escadron G + R General de Flers G + R Gossin, ex-constituent G + D The Marchioness de la Fayette I + L The Baron St. Ouin G + L Perrot, president of la Cour des Aides G + L Perrot, president of the chamber of accompts G + L De la Morelle, president of the great council G + L The son of Morelle, aged 18 years G + L Papillon de la Fertè, comptroller of the privy-purse G + L Count de Hauteford G + L De Carboniere, canon and count of St. Claude G + L Madame de Montmorency, abbess of Montmartre G + L The lady of Marshal de Levis G + L Marquis d'Harbouville G + L The Baroness d'Hinnisdal G + L Tardien-Malessy, marèschal de camp G + L The Countess des Vieux G + L The wife and daughter of Marèschal Tardien Malessy G + L The Baron de Blaizel G + L D'Ornano, marèschal de camp G + D De Nicolai, son of the president, aged 24 years G + L Moreau, architect of the city of Paris G + L Melin, formerly clerk of the war-office G + L Geoffrey d'Assy cashier-general of the finances G + L De la Chalotais, procureur-general of the parliament of Rennes G + L The Count de Menil-durand G + L De Pernot, marèschal de camp, aged 80 G + L Durand de Bignel, colonel of 100 Swiss G + L The son of the Viscount de Millé G + L Count D'Ailly G + L De Champagney, colonel of the regiment de Flandres G + L De Goudrecourt, lieutenant of the King's guard G + D Edelman, a celebrated musician G + L An hundred and fifty-one persons at Rennes G + R The Deputy Le Bas G + L The Count de Forestier G + L The Viscount de Gavrey G + L The Prince de Mont-Bason de Rohan G + R Gouy d'Arcy, ex-noble, ex-constituent G + R Du Salm Kirbourgh, sovereign prince in Germany G + R General Beauharnois G + L Baron Trenck G + R Chenier, author of the tragedy of Cha. IX. G + L The Marquis de Montalambert G + D Crequi de Montmorency G + D The Duke de Clermont-Tonnere G + L The Marquis de Crussol d'Amboise G + L The Countess d'Ossun G + L De St. Simon, bishop of Agde G + L The Count de Thiars G + L The Countess de Narbonne Pellet G + L The Princess Grimaldi-Monaco G + L The Marquis d'Usson G + L The two Trudaines, counsellors of the parliament of Paris G + L The Countess de Perigord G + L The lady of the Marèschal D'Armentieres G + L The Comte de Soyecourt G + L The Princess de Chimay G + L The Marquis de Carcado G + R Hauriot and La Vallette, commandants of the armed force at Paris G + L The Duke of St. Aignan G + L The Duchess of St. Aignan G + R Dumas, president of the revolutionary tribunal G + R Lescot-Fleuriot, mayor of Paris G + R Payan, president of the commune de Paris G + R Vivier, criminal judge, and president of the jacobinS G + R Simon, a Shoemaker, preceptor to Louis XVII. G + R Eighty municipal officers of Paris G + R One deputy, a commissioner with the army G + R One patriotic general officer G + R Maximilien Robespierre, advocate of Arras, ex-constituent, and + member of the convention, who enjoyed for a long time the + absolute power of a dictator, aged 35 years G + R George Couthon, advocate of Clermont, and member of the + convention, aged 38 years G + R De St. Just, ex-noble, member of the convention, aged 26 years G + R Robespierre, the younger, advocate of Arras, and member of the + convention, aged 27 years G + R Le Mounier, one of the principal actors in the massacre Of 2d of + September, 1792 G + R The Baron de la Tude G + L The Prince de Talmont G + R General La Poype P + L De Sablonnay, marèchal de camp G + L The Viscount de Meleur G + L Le Baron de Clermont-Tonnere G + L The son of General Precy G + R Coffinel, judge of the revolutionary tribunal G + R Fouquier Tinville, public accuser G + R Le Bon, deputy of the convention G + L The Marquis de Beauvoir G + R Guillotin, ex-constituent G + R De la Harpe, literateur I + R L'Abbè de Lille I + R Van-Eupen, Brabançon G + R General Turreau P + R Carrier, deputy of the convention G + R 106 Jacobins of Marseilles G + R General Dugommier M + R Bouchotte, war minister I + R Trial, comedian G + R General Polier M + Admiral Martin G + R 130 Jacobins of Lyons M + R Goujon, deputy of the convention S + L La Marquis de Boisbèranger G + R Francoeur, director of the opera G + L Cazault, president of the parliament of Bourdeaux G + L Cormatin, chief of the Chouans B + L The Bishop of Dol M + L Le Chevalier de Sombreuil M + L De Tintinuiac, officer M + L Le Comte de la Villeneuve G + R The General Serrurier P + L Le Comte de Linange I + L Le Comte de Colloredo I + L Le General Stofflet M + L Le General Charrette M +</pre> +<center> +****** +</center> +<p> +The Compiler of the foregoing Journal begs leave to acquaint the +public, that he still continues it, and that he will publish another +volume in due time, if this work should be favoured with approbation +and encouragement. +and encouragement. + +<div style="height: 6em;"><br><br><br><br><br><br></div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Historical Epochs of the French +Revolution, by H. Goudemetz + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EPOCHS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION *** + +***** This file should be named 16962-h.htm or 16962-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/9/6/16962/ + +Produced by Desmond Grocott + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + +</pre> + +</body> +</html> diff --git a/16962-h/images/artillery.jpg b/16962-h/images/artillery.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..1a542fe --- /dev/null +++ b/16962-h/images/artillery.jpg diff --git a/16962-h/images/bastille.jpg b/16962-h/images/bastille.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..f6bf64b --- /dev/null +++ b/16962-h/images/bastille.jpg diff --git a/16962-h/images/bastilleth.jpg b/16962-h/images/bastilleth.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..08240be --- /dev/null +++ b/16962-h/images/bastilleth.jpg diff --git a/16962-h/images/execution.jpg b/16962-h/images/execution.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0c9df10 --- /dev/null +++ b/16962-h/images/execution.jpg diff --git a/16962.txt b/16962.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c108f02 --- /dev/null +++ b/16962.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7239 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Historical Epochs of the French Revolution +by H. Goudemetz + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Historical Epochs of the French Revolution + With The Judgment And Execution Of Louis XVI., King Of + France; And A List Of The Members Of The National + Convention, Who Voted For And Against His Death + +Author: H. Goudemetz + +Translator: Rev. Dr. Randolph + +Release Date: October 29, 2005 [EBook #16962] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EPOCHS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION *** + + + + +Produced by Desmond Grocott + + + + + +HISTORICAL EPOCHS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION; + +WITH THE Judgment and Execution OF + +LOUIS XVI. KING OF FRANCE; + +AND A LIST OF THE MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, + +Who voted FOR and AGAINST his DEATH. + +PRICE 4s. + +****** + +HISTORICAL EPOCHS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION + +TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH OF H. GOUDEMETZ, + +A FRENCH CLERGYMAN EMIGRANT IN ENGLAND. + +DEDICATED, BY PERMISSION, TO + +His ROYAL HIGHNESS the DUKE of YORK, + +BY THE REV. DR. RANDOLPH. + +TO WHICH IS SUBJOINED, WITH CONSIDERABLE ADDITIONS, + +THE THIRD EDITION OF THE Judgment and Execution Of + +LOUIS XVI. KING OF FRANCE; + +WITH A LIST OF THE MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, + +Who voted FOR and AGAINST his DEATH; + +AND THE NAMES OF MANY OF THE MOST CONSIDERABLE SUFFERERS IN +THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, DISTINGUISHED ACCORDING +TO THEIR PRINCIPLES. + +BATH, PRINTED BY R. CRUTTWELL FOR THE AUTHOR; +AND SOLD BY C. DILLY, POULTRY, LONDON: THE BOOKSELLERS OF BATH, &c. +MDCCXCVI + +****** + +DEDICATION. + +TO HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF YORK. + +SIR, + WITH the design of serving an amiable and worthy man, I have +availed myself of your Royal Highness's permission to dedicate to you +the translation of a work, which, as a faithful narrative of events, +wants no additional comment to make it interesting. A detail of +facts, in which your Royal Highness, in behalf of your country, has +been so honourably engaged, may not prove unwelcome in aid of +recollection; and a detail of facts, built on the experimental +horrors of popular power, and which, proceeding from the wildness of +theory to the madness of practice, has swept away every vestige of +civil polity, and would soon leave neither law nor religion in the +world, cannot, either in point of instruction or warning, be +unreasonably laid before my fellow-citizens at large. + +Under the sanction, therefore, Sir, of your illustrious name, I +willingly commit to them this memorial. And if an innocent victim +of oppression should thus derive a small, though painful, +subsistence from a plain and publick (sic) recital of his country's +crimes, I shall be abundantly repaid for the little share I may have +had in bringing it into notice; and by the opportunity it affords me +of subscribing myself + +Your ever grateful and devoted humble servant, + +FRANCIS RANDOLPH. + +BATH, July 22, 1796 + +****** + +PREFACE + +THE following sheets contain a journal of principal events of the +French Revolution. The best authorities have been resorted to, and +the facts are related without any comment. The reader will find a +faithful outline of an interesting and momentous period of history, +and will see how naturally each error produced its corresponding +misfortune. + +Various causes contributed to effect a revolution in the minds of +Frenchmen, and led the way to a revolution in the state. The +arbitrary nature of the government had been long submitted to, and +perhaps would have continued so much longer, if France had not taken +part in the American war. + +The perfidious policy of VERGENNES, who, with a view of humbling the +pride of England, assisted the subject in arms against his Sovereign, +soon imported into his own nation the seeds of liberty, which it had +helped to cultivate in a country of rebellion; and the crown of +France, as I once heard it emphatically observed, was lost in the +plains of America. The soldier returned to Europe with new doctrines +instead of new discipline, and the army in general soon grew +dissatisfied with the Monarch, on account of unusual, and, as they +thought, ignominious rigours which were introduced into it from the +military school of Germany. The King also, from a necessity of +retrenchment, had induced his ministers to adopt some mistaken +measures of economy respecting the troops, and thus increased the +odium which pride had fostered, and by diminishing the splendour of +the crown, stripped it of its security and protection. + +To this was added the wanton profusion of the Court in other +expenses, and the external parade and brilliancy, which, if they +impoverish, often dazzle and gratify the people, was exchanged for +familiar entertainments, which gave rise to frequent jealousies among +the nobles, and tended to lower that sense of awe and respect for +royalty among the people, which in monarchies it is of the utmost +importance to preserve. + +At this time, also, philosophical discussion had reached its pinnacle +of boldness. Infidelity had woven the web of discord in the human +mind, which was now ripe for experiment, and ROUSSEAU and VOLTAIRE +were the favourite authors. + +Previous to the year 1789, from the extreme disorder of the finances, +it became necessary to raise money by extraordinary taxes, which the +common powers of the parliament were deemed insufficient to +authorize; and afraid, in the present temper of the people, to impose +upon them unusual burthens, ministers looked with solicitude for +some other sanctions. + +Monsieur DE CALONNE was unwilling to adopt so dangerous an expedient +as that of assembling the states-general; [Footnote: An Assembly +consisting of deputies from the three orders of citizens in France, +namely, the clergy, the nobility, and the tiers-etat; which last +included every French citizen who was not of the clergy or nobility.] +he therefore adopted the expedient of summoning an assembly of +_notables_, or eminent persons, chosen by the King from the different +parts of the kingdom. + +This assembly did not prove so favourable to the measures of the +minister as he expected: Monsieur DE CALONNE was displaced, and the +assembly was soon after dissolved, having declared itself incompetent +to decide on the taxes proposed. + +The King then commanded the parliament of Paris to register his +edicts for successive loans to the government; but his commands +were rejected. [Footnote: Chiefly, as it was supposed, through the +influence of the Duke of Orleans.] + +In the meantime, that spirit of discussing philosophical subjects, +which we have before mentioned, now fixed itself on politics. The +people exclaimed against the weight of taxes, and the extravagance +of courtiers; they complained of peculiar exemptions from the +general burthens, and of grievances which arose from lettres-de +-cachet, and other despotic powers of the government. + +The King, desirous of yielding to the wishes of the people, recalled +Monsieur NECKAR to the administration, and in conformity to his +advice, his Majesty declared his resolution of convening the +states-general. But in order to regulate all matters relative to the +meeting of this important assembly, it was resolved to convoke the +notables a second time. Among these, a diversity of opinion appeared +respecting the comparative number of deputies to be sent by the +Commons, and the two other orders; the cardinal point on which the +whole success of the revolution eventually turned. [Footnote: The +last assembly of the states-general, which had been held in France in +1614, was composed of 140 deputies from the order of the clergy, +among whom were five cardinals, seven archbishops, and 47 bishops; +132, representatives of the nobility; and 192 deputies from the +commons. The Cardinal de JOYEUSE was president of the clergy; the +Baron SENECEY of the nobility; and the president of the commons was +ROBERT MIRON, Prevot-de-Marchands, (an officer similar to that of +mayor of Paris.)] All the classes into which the notables were +divided, decided for an equality of deputies, except those in which +MONSIEUR and the Duke of ORLEANS presided. + +In these, it was agreed that the representatives of the commons +should be equal in number to those of the other two states. The +ministry were of opinion that this double representation was +adviseable (sic), and persuaded themselves that, through their weight +and influence they should be able to prevent any mischief to be +apprehended from this preponderance of the tiers-etat. By their +advice, the King issued an ordinance in January 1789, throughout the +whole kingdom, commanding the people to assemble in their bailiwicks, +and to nominate deputies to represent them in the states-general; +viz. 300 for the clergy, 300 for the nobility, and 600 for the +commons. + +HAC FONTE DERIVATA CLADES. + +****** + +N. B. The first legislature, which was called the National Assembly, +has now the name of the "Constituent Assembly." + +The second is called the "Legislative Assembly;" and the third +legislature is called "the National Convention." + +[Illustration: Frontispiece--Artillery.jpg] + +****** +HISTORICAL EPOCHS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. + +****** + +1787. +_March_. THE Assembly of Notables first convened under the + ministry of Mons. de Calonne, comptroller-general + of the finances. +1788. +_August_. Mons. Necker replaced at the head of the finances + on the dismission (sic) of Mons. de Calonne; and + Mons. de Lomenie, archbishop of Toulouse, made + prime minister. +_Nov_. Mons. Necker persuades the King to call the + Notables together a second time. +1789. +_January_. Letters issued in the name of the King for an + assembly of the States-general. The clergy to + depute 300 representatives, the nobility the like + number, and the commons 600. +_May_ 5. Opening of the States-general at Versailles. +_June_ 17. The chamber of the Tiers-Etat (commons) declares + itself a national assembly. + 19. The Tiers-Etat takes the famous oath, known by the + "serment au Jeu de Paume," not to separate until + the constitution should be established. + 23. The King goes in person to the assembly--but his + presence, far from intimidating the members, + renders them so intractable that from this epoch + may be dated the first attacks upon the royal + authority. + 24. Forty-eight of the nobles, with the Duke of Orleans + at their head, unite with the tiers-etat (third + estate, or commons). + A considerable number of the clergy follow their + example. + 28. The King, from a desire of peace, requests the + whole body of nobility and clergy to unite in one + assembly with the commons; which is acceded to. + 29. Great rejoicings in Paris on account of this union. +_July_ 11. The King in disgust dismisses Monsieur Necker. + 12. The Prince de Lambesc appears at the Tuilleries + with an armed party of soldiers. + 13. The city of Paris flies to arms. The Bastille is + attacked, and taken by the populace; + + [Illustration: BASTILLE.jpg] + + 14. Mons. de L'Aulnay, the governor, falls a victim to + the fury of the assailants. Bertier, intendant of + Paris; Foulon, secretary of state; and de + Flesselle, prevot des Marchands, (somewhat like + mayor of Paris) are massacred. From, this period + the maxim was adopted, "that insurrection was the + most sacred of duties." + 15. The King goes to the assembly to confer with it + upon the disturbances of Paris. Many considerable + persons fly the country. + 16. The Marquis de la Fayette, and Monsieur Bailly, are + nominated, one to command the national guards of + Paris, the other to be mayor of Paris. + 17. In hopes of quieting the alarming tumults, the King + comes to Paris. Bailly harangues him freely at the + Hotel de la Ville, (sic) and the King receives the + three-coloured cockade. +_August_ 1. Massacre of the mayor of St. Dennis. + 4. Abolition of tithes, and of all feudal rights and + privileges. + Louis is proclaimed the restorer of French liberty. + 7. The King is obliged to recall Necker. + 27. The liberty of the press is established. +_Sept_. 15. The person of the King is decreed to be inviolable; + and the crown of France hereditary and indivisible. + 29. Decreed, that it be recommended that all church + plate be brought to the mint. +_Oct_. 1. The King is forced to accept and give the sanction + of his approbation to the famous "Rights of Man." + 5. The Marquis de la Fayette at the head of 30,000 + Parisians marches to Versailles. + 6. After murdering the King's guards under the windows + of the Palace, they forcibly conduct both him and + the Queen to Paris amidst the insults of the + populace, and with great danger of their lives. + 10. Tayllerang-Perigord, bishop of Autun, proposes that + the nation should seize the property of the clergy. + 12. Decreed, that the National Assembly be removed from + Versailles to Paris. + 15. The Duke of Orleans obtains leave to go to England. + 19. The first sitting of the National Constituent + Assembly at Paris. + 21. The people of Paris hang a baker. + The Jacobin Club commenced at this time; first + known by the name of the "Club de la Propagande." + The name of Jacobins was derived from the house + where the club met, and which had belonged to the + religious order of Jacobins. +_Nov_. 22. The commune of Paris makes a patriotic gift of its + silver buckles. + A general patriotic contribution is first + requested, and afterwards forced. +_Dec_. 7. Decree upon the disturbances at Toulon. + Another for dividing France into 83 departments, 83 + tribunals, 544 civil tribunals, 548 districts, and + 43,815 municipalities. + 10. Vandernoot, and the disaffected in Brabant, write + to the King and to the National Constituent + Assembly; but their letter is returned. + 25. Mons. de Favras, knight of St. Louis, arrested. +1790. +_January_ 1. The King is stripped of most of his royal + prerogatives. + 4. The assembly desires him to fix the amount of his + civil list. + 6. The castle of Keralier burnt by plunderers. + The three orders of the clergy, nobility, and + commons, suppressed as distinct orders of the + monarchy. + 7. Decree for the form of a civic oath to be taken by + the national guards. + 13. Decreed that Paris shall form one department. + Decree in favour of Jews; another to remove the + prejudices which are attached to the families of + criminals. +_Feb_. 1. The King, after a long speech to the assembly, + takes the civic oath, together with all the + members. + 19. De Favras executed. + 20. Death of Joseph IId. emperor of Germany. +_March_. Massacres and fires in Lower-Languedoc. + 7. Grand review of the national guards in the Elysian + fields. + The scarcity of specie induces the necessity of + issuing paper money called assignats. + 8. Decreed, that the colonies form a part of the + French empire. + 11. Insurrection at Meaux. + 12. The red-book (book of court-accounts) made + publick.(sic) + 14. Insurrection at the national theatre. + 18. Sale of the property of the church decreed, by + which the government is enabled to abolish the duty + on salt. +_April_. The Prince of Conti takes the civic oath in the + municipality of Paris. + 11. The Abbe, Maury and Viscount Mirabeau attacked + by the populace on coming out of the assembly. + The assembly refuses to acknowledge the Roman + Catholick (sic) religion as the religion of the + state; and this resolution is followed by + forbidding all particularity of dress or form in + ecclesiastics. + 22. General Paoli, at the head of a deputation from + Corsica, presents himself to the national assembly. + 24. Insurrection at Marseilles. +_May_. Report and decree upon the disturbances at Mount + Auban. + Monastic vows prohibited in future. + 17. Orders of knighthood and military decorations + abolished. + 22. Decreed, that the right of making peace and war + belongs to the people. + 25. The Parisians occupied with hanging several + robbers. +_June_. Public Seminaries and academies of instruction + suppressed. + 9. The King goes to the assembly, and requires 25 + millions of livres for his civil list. + 10. The Queen's dower fixed at four millions. + One million is voted for the King's brothers. + 16. Massacres and disorders at Nismes (sic). + 19. Suppression of nobility, of all titles and orders, + of armorial bearings, and of livery-servants. +_July_ 3. Justices of the peace appointed throughout the + kingdom. + 14. Ceremony of a general federation, at which the King + is obliged to assist, to commemorate the destruction + of the Bastille. + Trial by jury introduced in criminal matters. + Judges to be chosen by cantons and districts; one + for the former, and five for the latter. + 26. The constituent assembly publishes a civil + constitution for the acceptance of the clergy, + which they refuse to admit. +_August_. Affair at Nancy--five regiments revolt. + Insurrection at Martinico (sic) announced. + Desilles shot at Nancy by the Swiss. + Mons. Necker, whose popularity declined, is obliged + to leave the kingdom precipitately. + The assembly, having declared the property of the + Crown to be that of the nation, grants to the King the + sum he required for his civil list. +_Sept_. Horrid massacres in the colonies. +_Oct_. 28. Fourteen castles are burned and plundered in + Dauphiny. + 30. Outrageous conduct of two regiments at Befort. +_Nov_. 2. The clergy propose to raise four millions of livres + in their own body for the exigence of the state. + The assembly seizes the whole ecclesiastical + revenue, without any respect of persons or + property. + 13. Pillage of the house of the Marshal de Castries at + Paris. + 21. Duport-du-Terre appointed keeper of the seals. + 27. The assembly requires that every ecclesiastic, + doing duty, shall swear to maintain with all his + power and interest the constitution, and every + thing that had been or should be ordained by its + decrees. +1791. + +_Jan_. The debts of the church decreed to be national. + The King refuses to sanction the above decrees + respecting the clergy, but is at length forced to + it by threats and terror. + 4. The clergy in the national assembly refuse to comply + with the foregoing decree, and in consequence of + their refusal a law passes that their benefices + shall be filled by such of the clergy as will take + the oaths of allegiance to the state. + Abolition of all the parliaments and sovereign + courts of France. + The Count d'Artois finds it prudent to quit the + kingdom. + Out of 138 prelates only four take the + constitutional oath, namely, the archbishop of + Sens, the bishops of Viviers, Orleans, and Autun. + The latter alone carries his apostacy (sic) so far + as to consecrate other bishops, who were presented + to the vacant sees. + Horrid treatment at Chateau-Gouthier of Mad'lle de + la Barne de Joyeuse. + 10. Decree about stamps. + 14. Decreed, that bishops and parsons shall be elected + by the people. + 23. A violent meeting at the Jacobin club. + 24. Massacres at the village de-la-Chapelle near Paris. + 26. Decree to enforce the oath by priests. + 29. Mirabeau president of the constituent national + assembly. +_February_. Deputation of Quakers to the assembly. + Decree to admit the free cultivation of tobacco. + Disorders in Le Querci. + 21. The King's aunts stopped at Arnay-le-Duc, and + forced to shew their pass, and permission to retire + to Rome. With difficulty they obtain leave to + proceed. + Insurrection at Vincennes near Paris. +_March_ 4. The pope issues two letters against the + ecclesiastical constitution of France, and the + clergy who had taken the oath to it. He deprives + the archbishop of Sens, the Cardinal de Lomenie de + Brienne, of his cardinal's hat. + Massacres at St. Domingo. + 5. Indisposition of the King. + 9. Decreed, that the prisoners charged with treason + (leze-nation) shall be conveyed to Orleans. + Gobet, a member of the assembly, appointed bishop + of Paris. + Insurrection and massacres at Douai. + 22. Decree excluding women from the regency. + 25. The majority of the Kings of France fixed at + eighteen years. + Discussion on the fate of the invalids. + Mons. de M'Nemara massacred at l'Isle-de-France. + 26. Public functionaries compelled to residence. + 28. The monarchical club at Paris attacked by the + populace with stones, and dispersed. + 29. Report upon an insurrection at Toulon. + The minister of the church of St. Sulpice, who had + not conformed to the national oath, escapes with + great difficulty from the violence of the populace. +_April_ 3. The death of Mirabeau announced to the assembly: + decreed, that he shall have the honours of the + Pantheon, (formerly the beautiful church of St. + Genevieve). + 7. Decreed, that no deputy to the national assembly + shall be admissible into the ministry until four + years after the expiration of the legislature of + which he is a member. + 8. Decreed that no deputy to the assembly shall accept + any favour from the executive power for four + years. + Several nuns in Paris and elsewhere were publicly + whipped for persisting to adhere to the old forms + of worship. + 10. Insurrection at Cevennes. + Report on the insurrection of a regiment in + Languedoc. + 13. Engagement between the officers and garrison of + Weissembourg. + 14. Riot at Nantz (sic) on account of the inauguration + of the three-coloured flag. + 17. The sale of the property of the church is decreed. + 18. The King proposes to go to St. Cloud; the people + oppose and stop him. + The King complains of this violence to the + national assembly, but with little effect. + 20. Report of massacres in the county of Venaissin. + The King's ministers, through the influence or fear + of the national assembly, write to all the foreign + courts, that the King had placed himself at the + head of the revolution--from this epoch may be dated + the great emigrations of the nobility and other + considerable persons. + The Abbe Maury, the most intrepid defender of the + cause of the church and the King, retires + precipitately to Rome. + 23. Sad recital in the assembly of distresses in St. + Domingo. + 26. Assignats of five livres are issued. + 27. Massacres in the Limousin. + 28. Decreed, that soldiers may frequent jacobin + societies. +_May_ 1. The barriers are thrown open--all duties in the + interior parts of the kingdom abolished. + Civil war in the Venaissin. + 3. The effigy of the pope (sic) burnt in the + Palais-Royal. + 7. Decree permitting priests, who have not conformed, + to officiate in private. + Mons. de Massei massacred at Tulle. + Decree upon the people of colour. + 19. Massacre in the Vivarais. + 26. Decreed, that the Louvre and the Tuilleries united + shall be the habitation of the King, and that all + monuments of science and art shall be collected and + kept there. + 31. Decreed, that the punishment of death shall be + inflicted without torture. From thence came the + use of the guillotine;-an instrument of death so + called from its author, a member of the national + assembly. +_June_. Letter of the Abbe Raynal to the assembly. + Persecutions against non-conforming priests. Their + tithes given to the proprietors of the estates. + 5. The King deprived by decree of the power of + granting pardons. + 7. A law against regicides. + Conforming priests are everywhere put in possession + of the benefices of those who would not conform. + A general sale of ecclesiastical property. + 18. Decreed, that all military men take an oath of + fidelity to the nation. + Insurrection at Bastia. + 21. The King and royal family make their escape + 22. from Paris; they had nearly reached the frontiers, + when they were stopped at Varennes, + 25. and brought back ignominiously to Paris. + Count Dampierre is massacred under the King's eyes. + The Marquis de Bouille writes a menacing letter to + the assembly on the subject of the King. + An order is intimated to the King to disband his + body guards. All the royal functions are + suspended. The King is kept a close prisoner. + Monsieur, the King's brother, escapes to Coblentz. +_July_ 9. M. de Cazeles resigns his place as a deputy. + 10. The national guards ordered to the frontiers. + 11. The body of Voltaire transferred to the Pantheon. + 14. Grand celebration of the anniversary of this day. + 17. Insurrection in the Champ de Mars--the red flag (the + signal of danger) continues flying a long time. + Disorders in the Pays-de-Caux, and at + Brie-Compte-Robert. + 23. Violent decree against emigrant nobles. + The assembly proceeds rigorously against those who + accompanied the King in his flight. + The King himself is not considered so culpable. + All distinctions of nobility, and all titles, are + wholly abolished. + The ministers are required to give an account every + ten days to the assembly of the execution of its + decrees. + The decree on people of colour spreads + consternation at St. Domingo. +_August_. Money is coined from the metal of the bells in + churches. + One hundred thousand livres voted to the academy of + science for the purpose of bringing weights and + measures to one uniform standard. + The title of Dauphin changed to that of Prince + Royal. + Rewards are decreed to all those who stopped the + King. + A committee is appointed to manage national + domains; that is, the confiscated property of the + King and clergy. + Decreed, that if within a month the King do not + take the oath to the nation, or if he retract it, + he shall be adjudged to have forfeited the crown. + Decreed, that the guard for the King shall not + exceed 1200 foot, and 600 horse. + Those who may be placed in succession to the throne + to have no other title than that of French princes. + Registers of the births, marriages, and burials, of + the royal family to be deposited in the archives of + the national assembly. + Suppression of the payment of a mark of silver, + which was heretofore required from such as were + deputed to the legislature. + Decreed, that every law relative to taxes shall be + independent of the royal sanction. + The ceremony of marriage to be considered + hereafter as a civil contract only. + Rousseau admitted to a place in the Pantheon. + The national assembly declares, that it will not + revise the constitution which it has just + established, before the expiration of thirty years. +_Sept_. The completion of the constitution announced to the + people, and that it will admit of no change. The + departments are all occupied in electing new + deputies to represent them in a second assembly. + Sixty members are appointed to carry the act of the + constitution to the King. + 4. The King restored to liberty. + Suppression of the order of St. Esprit; the + decorations of the blue ribband to be appropriated + to the King and the Prince-royal only. The King + declines to retain a distinction which he cannot + communicate. + Decreed, that the Rhine and Rhone be united by a + canal. + 14. The King accepts the constitution in form; he takes + the oath in presence of the assembly; and is + crowned by the president with a constitutional + crown. + Great rejoicings throughout all France. + The national guard to take place of the King's. + Whipping, and burning in the hand, annulled. + Three days allowed to every person under accusation + to defend himself and repel the charge. + In consequence of the acceptance of the + constitution, all criminal proceedings are stopped; + all persons confined on suspicion of + anti-revolutionary principles set at liberty; no + more passports required; a general amnesty takes + place; and the decree against emigrants is revoked. + Disturbances at Arles--suppression of the high + national court of Orleans--and of all royal + notaries--national notaries appointed. + Prohibitory or commanding clauses in wills to be of + no avail henceforward. + Every sort of property dependent upon, or connected + with, churches or charities, is confiscated. + All the world admitted to the title and rank of + French citizen, without any distinction of country. + Decree to unite Avignon and the county of Venaissin + to France. + Certificates of catholicism suppressed, which + hitherto were required before admission into any + office. + Severe penalties against introducing titles of + nobility into any public document. + All the chambers and societies of commerce + abolished. + Jews admitted to the rights of French citizens. + The constituent assembly prepares to lay down its + powers, without rendering any account of its + proceedings. + Violent remonstrances against this. + Decree against clubs and popular associations. + 30. The King goes in state to close the session of this + first or _constituent assembly_. +CHAPTER II. + +1791. +_Oct_. 4. The second assembly takes the name of the + _Legislative_ Assembly, and is opened by the King + in person. It consists of 700 members. + An oath is taken to observe the law. + An administrator in one of the departments flies + with a large treasure. + 17. Massacre at Avignon, with unusual horrors. Jourdan + and his people destroy 600 victims in an ice-house. + Insurrection at Paris on account of religious + worship. + The Marquis de la Fayette resigns the command of + the Parisian guard. + The expressions "_sire_" and "_majesty_," applied + to the King, suppressed by decree. + Twenty-one committees formed out of the legislative + assembly to transact all business. + Riots at Montpellier. + The pictures of the Palace-royal sold for a million + eight hundred thousand livres. + 27. Insurrection in Alsace. + 29. Notice given to Monsieur the King's eldest brother, + to return to France, on pain of forfeiture of all + his rights, and confiscation. + One hundred millions of assignats issued. + Disturbances in Artois and Lower Normandy on + account of religious worship. + The archbishop of Ausch, and several bishops, + brought before the tribunals. + 30. Insurrections in almost all parts of the kingdom, + on account of the prohibition of religious worship. + Charrier, ex-constituent, and nominated by the + people as successor to the Cardinal de + Rochefoucault, in the archbishoprick (sic) of + Rouen, ashamed of his usurpation, abdicates the + archiepiscopal dignity. + Violent decree against emigrants; the King opposes + his _veto_ to it. + The King refuses his assent also to another equally + violent decree, for the banishment of all the + catholic priests who had not taken the oath + prescribed. + Guimper, the first constitutional see, is taken + possession of by D'Expilly, an ex-constituent, + _i.e_. a member of the last assembly, which had + taken the name of the constituent assembly. + Violent insurrection in the colonies, supposed to + be excited by some of the leading members of the + assembly. +_Nov_. New decree for a civic oath. + In the legislative assembly the answers are read + from foreign powers, relative to the King's + acceptance of the constitution. + Massacres at Caen in Normandy; horrid treatment of + Mons. de Belsunce, a lieutenant-colonel. + Eighty-four persons of consideration thrown into + prison. + 10. The Dunkirk carrier assassinated at Paris, and his + letters stolen. + 15. The King confined to his apartment, under the guard + of a corporal. + 17. Varnier denounced by Bazire, is sent to prison at + Orleans. + Pethion elected mayor of Paris. + 18. He goes to the jacobins to thank them for having + obtained his election. + Manuel is appointed procureur syndic of the commune + of Paris (a place next in importance to that of + mayor). + 20. Disorders at Montpellier. + 25. Delatre committed to prison at Orleans. + 26. Chabot enters the King's apartment with his hat on + his head. + Decreed, that non-conforming priests shall not make + use of the churches. +_Dec_. 1. Three hundred millions of small assignats issued. + 2. Insurrection at Brest. + 6. Malvoisin, and twelve others, imprisoned at + Orleans. + 16. Decreed, that every member of the Bourbon family + shall quit France in three days. + M. Loyaute sent to prison at Orleans. + 20. Several castles burnt at Sens. + 24. Insurrection in the departments of Loir et Cher. + The King goes to the assembly to discuss the + subject of war with foreign powers. + 27. Lucknor and Rochambeau made marshals of France, and + with La Fayette appointed to command the armies. + M. de Narbonne goes to visit the frontiers. + Forty soldiers, who had been sent to the galleys, + are set at liberty. + Establishment of a new high national court. + Manuel causes the letters of Mirabeau, which were + found in the mayor's office, to be printed and + sold. + 28. The Queen goes to the opera, and is much applauded. + 29. Manifesto proposed by M. Condorcet, to acquaint the + world with the sentiments of the French nation, if + it should be forced into war. + 31. Decreed, that the ceremonies of New-year's day + shall be abolished. +1792. + +_Jan_. 1. Egalite (duke of Orleans) ill received at the + Tuilleries. + 5. Massacre of the minister of Chateau-neuf. + Motion of Herault, that foreign powers be required + to forbid the white cockade to be worn by + emigrants. + 11. Carra proposes at the Jacobin club, that the crown + of France be offered to the Duke of York. + 15. Plan of a decree for declaring war against the + Emperor. + 16. Decreed, that Monsieur has forfeited the regency. + Three hundred millions of small assignats issued. + 17. Fire and ravages at Port-au-Prince. + Great tumult at Paris on account of the monopoly of + of sugar and coffee. + 19. Fire of La-Force. + 21. A conforming priest, his wife, and children, + presented to the assembly, and loaded with caresses. + 27. Summons to the Emperor, to declare whether or not + he is willing to live in peace with France. + 31. Decreed, that all travellers in France must supply + themselves with a passport. +_Feb_. 1. Decreed, that all those shall be imprisoned who + travel under a false name. + Eighty-four prisoners, who were confined in the + castle of Caen, set at liberty. + 2. Letter of Manuel to the King beginning with these + words, "I do not love kings". + 5. Fires and massacres at St. Domingo. + 6. The Abbe Fauchet preaches at the Pantheon. + 7. Riots at Paris on account of a false rumour of the + King's flight. + Great fires in the town of Haquenau. + Decreed, that the property of emigrants belongs to + the nation; order for its sequestration. + Riots at Noyon about corn. + Insurrection at Dunkirk. + 14. The red bonnet becomes the general fashion. + Assassination at Mount Heri. + Insurrection at the Fauxbourg (sic) St. Marceau, on + account of the scarcity of sugar. + Struggle between the clubs of the Jacobins, and the + Feuillants; the latter so called from a religious + society of that name, at whose house they met. + 17. De Lessart denounced by Fauchet. + 22. Motion, that no deputy be permitted to go to the + clubs of Jacobins or Feuillants. + 28. Treaty of Pilnitz between the Emperor and Prussia. +_March_ 1. Death of the Emperor Leopold II. + 3. Seditions at Etampes; Simoneau, the mayor, + assassinated. + De Lessart, minister for foreign affairs, sent to + the prison of Orleans. + 15. Death of Gustavus III. king of Sweden. + Total change of the King's ministers. + Decreed, that the King shall pay taxes like all + other persons. + 19. Jourdan, and his accomplices at Avignon acquitted. + A new guard begins to do duty about the King. + Roland appointed by the King minister of the + interior department. + Insurrection at Poitou. + The Swiss Cantons demand from France the regiment + of Ernest. + Alienation of the domains of St. Lazare, and of + Mount-Carmel, two orders of knighthood, of which + Monsieur was president. +_April_ 1. Troubles in Provence and Dauphiny. + On the motion of Torne, constitutional bishop of + Bourges, all peculiar religious dresses are + abolished, and all secular congregations. + 6. Pethion writes to the 48 sections, inviting them to + give a fete to the liberated soldiers of + Chateau-vieux. + 15. A civic fete is given to the above soldiers, who + had been imprisoned for crimes. + 16. Riots at the Hotel de Ville in Paris, on account of + the statues of la Fayette and Bailli. + 20. The King goes to the national assembly to demand + whether it is willing to declare war. + War declared against the King of Bohemia and + Hungary. + M. de Castellane, bishop of Mendes, sent to prison + at Orleans. + 29. The army of Dillon routed near Tournay, and that + general massacred by his own soldiers near + Lisle (sic). + The French routed near Mons under the command of + General Byron. +_May_ 2. Suppression of the military houses of Monsieur and + the Count d'Artois. + 6. Desertion of the royal German regiment. + 8. Report of the murder of several commissaries. + 10. Pethion, in the commune of Paris, presents a + silver sword to Rene Audu, a heroine of the 6th of + October 1789. + Decree concerning prisoners of war. + 11. New disorders at Avignon. + 12. Desertion of the regiment of Berchini. + 13. M. Brival, a deputy, writes to the King to desire + that his cane may be restored to him, which was + taken from him at the gate of the Tuilleries. + Abbe Maury elevated to the dignity of an + archbishop, and appointed nuncio extra-ordinary of + the holy see, to the diet of Ratisbon. + Decree, depriving the brothers of the King of the + million which had been voted to them. + Renewal of the decree for the transportation of + priests, which the King still refuses to sanction. + 14. Massacre of the Abbe Figuemont at Mentz. + 16. Bavai taken by the Austrians. + 24. Much pains taken to prove the existence of + a committee in favour of the Austrians. + 27. Discontent in Paris on account of the King's + having a guard. + 28. The King is forced to dismiss it. + 29. Mareschal (sic) de Brissac, who commanded the + King's guard, sent to prison at Orleans. + 30. The first column of the Prussian army arrives at + Frankfort. +_June_ 3. A civic fete in honour of M. Simoneau, mayor of + Etampes, massacred the 3d of March in an + insurrection. + 6. Massacre at Brussels. + Reduction of the monies allowed for the pay and + entertainment of the King's ministers. + 8. The King refuses to ratify the decree for encamping + 20,000 men near Paris. + 13. Roland, Claviere, and Servan, dismissed from the + ministry. + Ordered that all pedigrees of nobility be burnt, + and all papers relative thereto. + A number of patriotic gifts to support the + expence (sic) of the war. + The tree of liberty planted in all parts. + 20. In order to force the King to sanction some decrees + to which he had given a negative, the people go to + the Tuilleries, break open the gates, and burst + into the apartments. The King conducts himself + with great firmness. + The high national court at Orleans condemns + Monsieur, the Count d'Artois, and the Prince of + Conde, to be beheaded, and their property + consequently to be forfeited. + A new mode adopted for proving births, marriages, + and burials. + 26. The department of La Somme offers 200 batallions, + to enforce respect to the King. Several others + make similar offers. + 28. La Fayette quits his army, and goes to complain to + the national representatives of party violence. + A petition against Pethion is signed at the houses + of all the notaries. + 30. La Fayette returns to the army, and as soon as he + is departed, he is burnt in effigy at the palace + royal. +_July_ 2. Letter of the King to the French armies. + 3. Suppression of all the staff-officers of the + national guard of Paris. + 4. Decreed, that the nation is in danger. + The Duke of Brunswick arrives at Coblentz. + Distinguishing marks granted to the legislators and + administrators. + 6. Dumourier goes to take the command of the army. + 7. Pethion, mayor of Paris and Manuel, suspended, but + very soon after restored. + Ministers all changed. + 11. A petition against the King signed at the Elysian + fields. + 14. Anniversary of the federations observed with + great ceremony. + 19. Massacre of M, de Saillant, chef-du-camp de Sales. + 20. Proclamation of the King, on the dangers of the + country. + Decree, that the property of emigrants be sold. + Many of the constitutional priests sign a + recantation of their oaths, and not enough are + found to fill the vacant cures. + Massacres at Alais, Bourdeaux, Arles, and in other + places. + 28. Decree, obliging people to mount guard under pain + of imprisonment. + Three hundred millions of assignats issued. + M. d'Espemenil, an ex-constituent, is knocked down + and poignarded at the Tuilleries, and with + difficulty saves his life. + 30. The Marseillois arrive at Paris; ravages and + cruelties committed by them. + Cockades of ribbands proscribed. + Du Hamel massacred in the street of St. Florentin. +_Aug_. 3. Decreed, that all Frenchmen be armed with pikes. + Invitation to foreigners to come and defend the + land of liberty. + 5. Massacre at Toulon of nine members of the + magistracy, under the pretence of aristocracy. + A report is spread about the Tuilleries, that + the King intends to escape. + 8. Decreed, by a majority of 426 to 224, that there is + no ground of accusation against La Fayette. + Several members complain of outrages committed on + them, on account of votes they had given. + 10. Attack and pillage of the palace of the Tuilleries. + Massacre of the Swiss, and of a great number of the + King's followers. Louis XVI. and his family fly + for safety to the assembly. + Horrible riots and outrages in Paris. + 11. Continuation of frightful outrages and murders. + All foreign ambassadors quit France. + 12. Roland, Clariere, and Servan, recalled to the + ministry. + Danton appointed minister of justice. + The statues of the King all thrown down. + Servan appointed minister of the war department; de + Monge, of the marine; Clavieres, of finances; + Roland, of the interior; and Le Brun, of foreign + affairs. + The King and his family are all conducted to the + Temple. + 14. Several ex-ministers and royalists committed to + prison. + Decreed, that all the administrations of the + kingdom shall be new formed. + 15. Persons departing, even with passports, stopped. + 17. Establishment of a tribunal for the summary trial + of royalists. + 18. The Austrians and Prussians enter the French + territory. + Decree against La Fayette; who, with part of + his staff, quits the army and falls into the + hands of the Austrians, by whom he is detained a + prisoner. + 20. Montmorin, ex-minister of foreign affairs, + imprisoned. + 22. M. D'Angremont guillotined at the Carouzel (sic). + 23. Longwy taken by the Prussians. + 24. M. de la Porte, comptroller of the civil list, + guillotined. + 25. M. Durozoi, author of the gazette of Paris, + guillotined. + 26. A civic festival, in honour of the sans-culottes + who were killed in the affair of the 10th of + August. + Decreed, that all ecclesiastics who have not taken + the national oath, shall be transported. In the + number of these victims were 138 archbishops and + bishops, and sixty-four thousand priests of the + second order. + General Kellerman commands the army of Marshal + Luckner, and Dumourier that of General la Fayette. + 27. In a sitting of the jacobins, Manuel causes an oath + to be taken, that every exertion will be used to + purge the earth of the pest of royalty. + 30. Domiciliary visits, that is, nightly searches + in the citizens houses, for obnoxious persons. +_Sept_. 1. Letter of the minister Roland, to all the + municipalities, to induce them to agree in finding + the King guilty. + M. Montmorin, governor of Fontainbleau, + although acquitted by the tribunal, is conveyed + back to prison by the people. + 2. The city of Verdun is taken by the Prussians. + From the 2d (sic) to the 9th of this month, the + most horrid outrages perpetrated without ceasing, + 7605 prisoners, &c. inhumanly murdered, and the + assassins publicly demand their wages. Every house + is a scene of dismay. Massacres and butcheries are + committed in all the prisons and religious houses. + These horrors drive a great number of inhabitants + from Paris. + The Duke de la Rochefoucault, ex-constituent and + president of the department of Paris, is torn to + pieces by the populace. + 10. Massacre at Versailles of 53 prisoners from + Orleans, who, it appears, were summoned to Paris + for the express purpose of having them disposed of + in this expeditious manner. + Troops are enrolled for the frontiers. + A camp is formed close to Paris. + 13. The French armies fall back towards Chalons. + 14. The King accepts the constitution. + 15. Decreed, that the King's person is inviolable, + and the crown of France indivisible and hereditary. + 16. Robbery of the wardrobe of the crown. + Decree, formally allowing divorces. + 18. Philips, of the club of jacobins, presents in a + little box, to the legislative assembly, the heads + of his father and mother, whom his patriotism, as + he said, had just sacrificed. + 19. The last sitting of the legislative assembly. +CHAPTER III. + +1792. +_Sept_. 20. First sitting of the third legislature, which takes + the title of National Convention. It consists of + 745 members. + 21. Decreed, that royalty is abolished, and that the + kingdom of France is a republic. + The battle of Grand-Pre gained by General + Dumouricr. + 22. Danton resigns the ministry in order to take a + place in the convention. + 23. The old Marshal Luckner is ordered to the bar of + the convention. + 27. Mons. Cazotte, an author much esteemed, and who + with difficulty escaped from the assassins of the + 2d of September, is conducted to the guillotine at + 80 years of age. + 29. The Austrians begin to bombard Lisle (sic). + Spires taken by the army of Gen. Custine. +_Oct_. 2. The Duke of Brunswick, commanding the Prussians, + begins his retreat from France, and raises the + siege of Thionville. + 4. The title of Citizen is substituted for those of + Monsieur and Madame by a decree. + 7. The Austrians raise the siege of Lisle. + 8. Massacre at Cambray. + 9. The soldiers of General Dumourier massacre their + prisoners. + 10. Servan quits the ministry. + Garat is appointed minister of justice. + 13. Verdun evacuated by the Prussians. + 14. A civic festival in honour of the conquest of + Savoy. + 18. Nine emigrants guillotined in the Place-de-Greve. + 22. The French retake Longwy. + 23. Mayence taken by General Custine. + 24. Great accusations of Roland to the convention. + 25. The French territory evacuated by the Austrians and + Prussians. + 26. Frankfort on the Main taken by the French. + 31. A great number of returned emigrants denounced to + the commune of Paris. +_Nov_. 2. All work at the camp near Paris is stopped. + 3. The house of the deputy Marat is invested, + and the people demand his head. + 4. Robespierre endeavours to acquit himself of the + charges brought against him by the deputy Louvet. + 6. Report in the assembly of disturbances in the + department of Mayence and Loire. + Three hundred millions of assignats issued with new + emblems. + A discourse upon Atheism pronounced by Dupont, and + applauded by the convention. + The Princess de Rohan-Rochefort is sent to prison + for having written to the ex-minister Bertrand. + 7. The battle of Gemappe--the Austrians are defeated + by superior numbers, and an immense artillery. + Dumourier after his victory takes Mons. + A revolt announced at Guadaloupe. + 10. Decreed, that all emigrants who shall return + to France shall suffer death, whether men, women, + or children, not excepting those who had never + borne arms. + 12. Ghent taken by the French. + 14. Brussels taken by the French. + 19. General Montesquieu emigrates. + 23. De la Coste, ex-minister, and Du Fresne de St. + Leon, committed to the prison of the Abbaye. + 24. Insurrection at Chartres and the neighbourhood, on + account of bread. + 25. The King asks of the convention some Latin books, + that he may instruct his son himself. + 26. Address from Finisterre to the convention, + denouncing the deputies Marat, Robespierre, Danton, + Chabot, Barire, and Merlin. Buzot supports the + accusation. + 27. Kersaint proposes to the convention to make a + descent upon England with one hundred thousand men, + and to sign an immortal treaty upon the Tower of + London, which shall fix the destiny of nations, and + confirm liberty for ever to the world. + The Belgians protest against a decree which + trenches on their sovereignty. + 30. Decree, charging the municipalities to keep + registers of baptisms, marriages and buryings. +_Dec_. 1. Pethion quits the mayoralty to become a member of + the convention. + Chambon is elected his successor. + Manuel gives up the place of procureur de la + commune for a seat in the convention; Chaumette + succeeds him. + 3. Decreed that Louis Capet shall be brought to trial, + and that the convention shall be his judges. + 4. Decreed, that whoever shall propose the restoration + of royalty shall suffer death. + 8. The royal family is forbid the use of knives, + scissars,(sic) or razors; the King not to be + shaved, but his beard clipped with scissars. + 9. The bust of Mirabeau torn from the Pantheon, and + dragged by the populace to the Place-de-Greve. + The minister of justice reads to the convention 150 + addresses from the communes of Normandy in favour + of the King. + Philip Egalite renounces all eventual succession to + the crown of France, to assume the title of French + citizen. + 18. The King is interrogated at the bar of the + convention. + Barrere is president. + He demands for his advocates Target and Tronchet, + the former refuses to defend him; but Mons. de + Malesherbes, making a voluntary offer of being his + defender, is accepted with Tronchet, and Monsieur + de Seze is added to them. + The mayor of Paris, the procureur de la commune, le + secretaire Greffier, and thirty municipal officers + on horseback, escorted the King's carriage when he + was going to the bar of the convention to be + interrogated, and to hear the act of his accusation + read. The president said, "Louis,--The French + "people accuse you of having committed a multitude + "of crimes in order to establish tyranny upon the + "ruins of liberty." The King having answered with + great precision and coolness, "Louis," said the + president, "a copy shall be given to you of your + accusations. The convention permits you to retire, + and will acquaint you with the result of its + deliberations." + 14. The charge d'affaires of Spain writes an earnest + letter in favour of the King, from his master. The + convention treats it with neglect. + 16. The French make themselves masters of + Aix-la-Chapelle. + The King is brought a second time to the bar of the + convention. Monsieur de Seze makes an able speech + in his defence at the bar. The King then speaks to + the convention: "My counsel has laid before you my + "justification and defence, I have nothing to add + "but this, that, in addressing you perhaps for the + "last time, I declare that my conscience reproaches + "me with no crime towards my country, and that my + "advocates have spoken nothing but the truth." + 27. Generals Luckner and Rochambeau made marshals of + France. +1793 +_January_. Roland publishes a letter to oppose the calumnies + against him. + The loyal subjects of Brabant send an address to + the emperor. + Mont Blanc declared to be an 84th department, of + which Chamberry is the capital; this new department + contains 364,652 souls. + General Dumourier writes some severe truths to the + convention, and offers to give in his resignation, + disclaiming all pretensions to a dictatorship. + The convention rejects the King's appeal to the + people. + Prince Charles of Hesse-Philipstadt dies of wounds + he received at Frankfort. + The alien bill passed in England; in consequence of + which, persons suspected may be sent out of the + kingdom by the executive power. + The Prussians and Hessians drive the French from + Hocheim. + The King of Prussia publishes a declaration, that + his army enters Poland only because that country + was infested with French democratic madness. + Remarkable address of the department of Finisterre + against Marat and Robespierre. + La Fayette is conveyed to Magdebourg. + The Empress of Russia assigns lands in the Crimea + to French emigrants, and causes to be paid to the + Prince of Conde, at Frankfort, 200,000 rupees for + the expences of journey. + Dumourier goes to Paris while the convention is + debating about the King. The jacobins insult him. + His army is said to be 120,000 strong. + General Custine celebrates at Mayence the festival + of liberty, by burning the archiepiscopal + ornaments. + 17. The convention terminates its deliberations + 18. concerning the King. He is condemned to + 19. death. All endeavours to delay the execution of + the sentence are rejected. + Of the members of the convention, 366 vote for + death absolutely; 23 for death, but leaving it + hereafter to be discussed, when the execution + should take place; 8 for death, and a certain delay + or respite; 2 for death at the peace; 319 for + detention; and 2 for detention in irons. + Pelletier, one who voted for the King's death, is + assassinated at a tavern. + 20. Louis hears with calmness the reading of his + sentence of death. Allowed only two hours to take + a final leave of his wife, his children, and his + sister, who are frantic with grief. + + [Illustration: EXECUTION.jpg] + + 21. Louis is conducted to the scaffold; his behaviour + is steady and dignified, he speaks a few words + protesting his innocence, forgiving his enemies, + and hoping that his death might restore peace to + his wretched country. The commander of the troops + orders the drums and trumpets to strike up, that + his voice might be drowned, and that he should not + proceed. In a minute after this, his head is + severed from his body. A dead silence prevails in + Paris. The places of public amusement and all + shops are shut up. His last will soon after + published. + The minister Roland, after assisting at the King's + execution resigns his office, so do the deputies + Manuel and Kersaint. + 24. The remains of Pelletier are placed with great + ceremony in the Pantheon. + The French envoy at Naples demands and obtains an + audience of the King. + The convention decrees, that their army shall + consist of 502,000 men next campaign. + 26. Dumourier leaves Paris for the army, with orders to + take Cologne, cost what it may. + Liege determines to unite itself with France. + Paris, who assassinated Pelletier, is arrested, but + shoots himself. + General mourning at London and Madrid for + Louis XVI. + The convention decrees the union of Nice to the + republic of France. + The British ministry signify to Mons. Chauvelin, + who had been ambassador from Louis XVI. that he is + no longer to be considered as such, and must quit + England. + The sections of Paris complain of want of + provisions. + Lanjuinais, speaking against the murders of the 2d + of September, says, that the number of victims, + assassinated that day, amounted to 8,000, others + say 12,000, and the deputy Louvet states them at + 28,000. +_Feb_. 1. The Convention declares war against the King of + England, and Stadtholder of Holland. + General Dumourier levies sixty millions of livres + on the abbeys in Brabant. + The nurse of Madame Royale requests permission to + see her in prison, but without success. + Proclamation by the Emperor, to assure to the + Belgians their ancient privileges. + Great debates in the convention about war. + The marines of Rochelle come to swear fidelity to + the convention. + Philip Egalite takes the oath, in quality of high + admiral of France. + The Marseillois leave Paris, and return home. + An engagement takes place at Mayence between the + national guard and the troops of the line, on the + subject of the King's death. + General Bournonville is recalled from the army, and + appointed minister of war. + Dumourier begins to lose ground in the esteem of + the people. + Eight hundred millions of assignats issued. + Citzen (sic) Basseville, secretary of the French + legation, is massacred by the people at Rome. + Chambon quits the mayoralty of Paris, and is + replaced by the ex-minister Pache. + The parliament of England votes for war. + The French take possession of Deux-Ponts; the duke + with difficulty escapes. + Lyons, opposes with energy the murderous plans of + the jacobins. + The Emperor solicits earnestly the triple + contingent from the empire. + New coinage in France, with the legend of + "Republique Francoise. (sic)" + The wife of the Emperor sacrifices some of her rich + ornaments to defray the cost of the war. + General Miranda sends to the convention the + magnificent key of gold, which was given by + Charles III. to the inhabitants of Louvain. + 17. The French make an irruption into Holland, take the + fort St. Michel, surround Maestricht, and menace + Breda. + Lyons destroys the jacobin club, and burns the tree + of liberty. + Paris is in great disorder. + Dumourier addresses a proclamation to the Dutch + against the Stadtholder. The States-general answer + it by a manifesto. + Condorcet reads a constitutional act to the + convention; the jacobins reject it. + The national convention of Liege decrees the + destruction of its cathedral. + Marat excites great tumult in the convention. + Venice acknowledges the republic; Bavaria observes + neutrality. + Custine transports the clergy of Mayence who refuse + to take the oath of liberty. + The French bombard Maestricht, which is defended by + the Prince of Hesse-Cassel. + The Grand Duke of Tuscany declares a neutrality + with regard to the French republic. + 25. The British troops under the Duke of York sail from + England. + Breda surrenders to the French. + Dumourier bombards Gertruydenberg and Williamstadt + with Dutch artillery. + The Convention decrees that soldiers have a right + to elect their officers. Marat urges this + decree, and strikes in the face several of those + who oppose it, even in the convention. + The Duke of York arrives at the Hague. + The Stadtholder declares he will defend the + republic to the last. + 28. The Archduke Charles, the Prince of Cobourg, and + Duke of Wurtemburg, arrive at Duren. + The French merchants offer to send fifty + privateers to sea. + Discourse pronounced in the convention by + Anacharsis Cloots, on universal fraternity. + Riots in Paris at the houses of the bakers and + grocers. + Brussels desires, and obtains an union with France. + Revolution in Geneva after the French example. + The convention encourages addresses from all + quarters on the death of the tyrant. + Decreed, that the troops of the line shall form but + one body with the national guards. + All treaties of commerce and alliance, with powers + at war, are annulled. + The convention requires 300,000 men to + compleat (sic) their armies. +_March_ 1. Prince Cobourg beats the French near Altenhover. + The British troops land at Fort Ecluse. + The Austrians retake Aix-la-Chapelle. + Proclamation of Dumourier, to stir up the + inhabitants of Liege, Belgium, and Holland. + 2. Carra denounces the farmers-general. + Deputy Rhul moves, that the property of foreign + princes be put up to sale. + 3. The French raise the siege of Maestricht, and + besiege Williamstadt without success. They + 4. are beaten at Tongres by the Prussians. + Gertruydenberg surrenders to Gen. Dumourier. + Zurich, Bern, and other Swiss cantons acknowledge + the French republic. + Manuel accuses the jacobins (sic) of all the evils + since the revolution. + Dumourier imposes 120,000 florins upon the city of + Antwerp. + War declared against Spain. + 5. The bloody capture of Liege by the Austrians. + Taking of Ruremond. + The Prussians gain some advantage near Mayence. + Upon the motion of Danton, it is decreed, that a + revolutionary-criminal tribunal be established. + All persons imprisoned for debt are released by the + convention. + Prince Cobourg requires from Liege six hundred + thousand florins. + Arrival of 14,000 Hanoverians in the Low-Countries. + The commune of Paris hoists a black flag, as a sign + of extreme danger to the country. + General Miranda imprisoned in chains at Brussels. + 9. Dantzig submits itself to the King of Prussia. + Dumourier conveys to Lisle the treasures of the + churches of Brussels. + He stops the first commissioners of the convention, + and sends them to Paris; he reviews his troops at + Brussels, and marches to the enemy. + Robespierre demands that all despots be overturned, + and that liberty be established on the ruin of all + aristocracies. + Monsieur, regent of France, creates the Count + d'Artois lieutenant-general of the kingdom. + Decreed, that the palace of St. Cyr, near + Versailles, be destroyed. + Decreed, that plate be considered as merchandize. + La Source inveighs bitterly against the English + government. + It is calculated, that 150 divorces take place, + every month in Paris since the decree. + Dumourier causes the plate to be restored to the + churches of Belgium, of which they had been + plundered. + Buzot declaims in the tribune against the despotism + of the convention. + 10. Epoch of the counter-revolutions in La Vendee. + The French abandon the siege of Williamstadt. + The Austrian advanced guard enters Tirlemont, but + are obliged again to evacuate it. + 16. The States-general reward the garrison of + Williamstadt for their gallant defence. + 17. The French and Austrian armies drawn up in order of + battle all day opposite to each other. + 18. Bloody battle of Neerswinde, which lasts the whole + day. The French wholly defeated. + 19. The battle of Tirlemont; General Valence wounded, + and the French routed. + Dumourier suspected of treason at Paris. + 23. Battle of Louvain between the French and Austrians. + The Prussians approach Mayence. + Dumourier demands a truce of six days to evacuate + the Low Countries. + The Empire declares war against France, in + consequence of a resolution of the diet of + Ratisbon. + The Austrians enter Louvain. Prince Cobourg + refuses a truce to Dumourier. + The Duke Frederick of Brunswick quits the army on + account of his health. + The Prussians approach Mayence. + General Santerre solicits a discharge from the + command of the troops of Paris, that he may have + leisure to attend to the affairs of his brewery. + Chenier proposes an oaken crown as a reward for + republican generals. + Duhem complains to the convention, that the vessel + of state is near foundering. + Garat passes from the office of minister of justice + to that of the interior. + Discourse of Danton, to rouse the people en masse + (in a body.) + A constitutional priest, commanding a battalion, + begs the convention to preserve his rectory for him + whilst he goes to the frontiers. + The inhabitants of Frankfort write to Custine, that + they are not willing to receive the French + government. + Insurrection at Orleans. + 24. The Austrians enter Brussels and Mechlin. + The Prussians pass the Rhine at St. Goar. + 26. Antwerp submits to the Austrians. + The statue of Prince Charles of Loraine, which the + insurgents overturned, is restored. + 27. Namur and Mons evacuated by the French. + The Archduke Charles appointed governor of the Low + Countries. + Danton proposes to the convention, that all + citizens be justified to kill any persons who are + hostile to the revolution, wherever they may find + them. + 29. The Austrians enter Ghent. + At the end of this month, all Brabant has returned + to the dominion of the Emperor. + Tumults and plunders in private houses at Paris. + The convention summons Dumourier to its bar. + The French are driven out of Worms, and Spires. +_April_ 2. The convention sends Bournonville, the minister of + war, with four commissioners to arrest Dumourier; + but he, apprized of their intentions, seizes them, + and delivers them to the Prince of Cobourg. + Dumourier sends General Miaczinski to secure Lisle, + but he is suspected, and arrested there. + The French evacuate Breda and Gertruydenberg. + Dumourier, accompanied by Gen. Valance, and two + sons of Philip Egalite, together with some + regiments and the military chest, passes over to + the Austrians. + This step of Dumourier induces the convention to + declare itself permanent. + The German princes and nobles, who were detained + prisoners at Landau, are conveyed to Paris as + hostages for the commissioners who are kept by the + Austrians. + Domiciliary visits are recommended at Paris. + Mons. de Blanchland, governor of St. Domingo, is + guillotined at Paris, and dies with extraordinary + firmness. + Great congress held at Antwerp by the chiefs of the + allied armies. + Decreed, that henceforward commissioners shall + remain with the armies, and be invested with powers + unlimited. + Philip Egalite, his third son, his sister, and the + Prince of Conti (sic), conducted prisoners to + Marseilles. + The commune of Vernon is unwilling to suffer + Madame d'Orleans to depart, on account of her ill + heath, and they promise to answer with their lives + for their benefactress and friend. + The Prussians prepare for the siege of Mayence. + The creditors of Egalite fix his annual allowance + at about 8000l. a year. His income is said to have + been between three and four hundred thousand a + year. + Gen. Dampierre forms the camp of Famars, the French + having retired from Holland. + Great debates in the convention on the subject of a + petition from 35 sections of Paris, against the + chiefs of the Mountain. + The English take the island of Tobago. + General Miaczinski, Compte (sic) d'Arenberg, and le + Compte Linanges, sent to the Abbaye at Paris, to + answer for the safety of the commissioners. + 12. A long and violent tumult in the convention, + because the members come intoxicated. + 13. Marat escapes from prison, and writes an insulting + letter to the convention; decree of accusation + against him. + 15. Thirty-five sections of Paris demand the deposition + of Brissot, and twenty other members of the + convention. + Marat remains concealed, but his journal appears + every day. + Weissenau is destroyed by heavy artillery; + Dampierre makes a vigorous resistance. A battle + between Valenciennes and Conde. + The garrison of Lisle makes a powerful sortie. + Dumourier is allowed no part in the operations + against France; at Frankfort he publishes his + contempt for Egalite, and respect for his sons. + 21. The Elector of Mayence addresses a letter of thanks + to his subjects. The bishop of Liege returns to + his dominions. + The French make themselves masters of Mont-Beliard. + America declares for neutrality. + Count d'Artois goes to Petersburgh (sic). + The Spaniards obtain considerable advantages near + Perpignan. + The royalists of La Vendee publish a manifesto, + against whom the convention orders twenty thousand + men to march. + Treaty between Great-Britain and Russia; another + between Great-Britain and Sardinia. + Great disorders at Marseilles and Aix. + 28. The archduke Charles makes a solemn entry into + Brussels, as governor-general of the Low Countries; + 400 citizens draw his coach. + Kellerman deposed from his command by the + convention. + The Emperor reproaches the Elector of Bavaria with + his neutrality, in a remarkable note. + Engagement between the French and Austrians near + Landau. + Dampierre declares that only 800 men accompanied + Dumourier. + Marat suffers himself to be conducted to prison. + The revolutionary tribunal acquits Marat; he is + conducted in triumph to the convention by the mob, + who force themselves into the seats of the members. + The commissioners of the convention, at Marseilles, + are obliged to fly. + The French make a brisk sally from Mayence. + An insurrection at Breslau, raised by a taylor, + (sic) and not suppressed without cannon. + 30. Decreed, that the revolutionary tribunal shall be + suspended till the 1st of June next. +_May_ 1. Dampierre gives a bloody battle, to keep up a + communication between Conde and Valenciennes. + Deputies from Nantes require support from the + convention; they announce, that the war of La + Vendee has already cost the lives of 2000 patriots. + 3. The King of Prussia, after several bloody fights, + with various success, drives the French from + Costheim. + Sallies are made every day from Valenciennes; Gen. + Mack is wounded in the arm. + Great fire in the port and magazines of + l'Orient (sic). + Twelve hundred millions of assignats issued. + Melancholy accounts laid before the convention, of + the wretched state of the interior parts of France. + 6. Houchard attacks the Austrians near Landau. + The garrison of Mayence, and the camp of Famars, + make a sally; a number of men killed. + 8. A warm attack at Costheim. + A battle also at Longwy. + This day was a day of general fighting, in all the + armies. + 9. General Dampierre dies of his wounds. Lamarche + takes the temporary command. + 10. The convention holds its first sitting in the hall + of the Tuilleries, now called the National Palace. + Battle of Hasnon. The convention is disposed to + grant to Dampierre the honour of the Pantheon; but + Danton proposed, and carried a decree, that no one + should obtain that honour till 20 years after his + death. + 7. Custine is appointed general of the northern army. + The elector of Bavaria renounces his neutrality, + and orders his contingent of troops march. + General Miranda is acquitted by the revolutionary + tribunal; and receives a civic crown from the + people. + General Valence, who had gone over to the Austrians + with Dumourier, is ordered to quit the states of + the empire. + Interrogatory of Philip Egalite at Marseilles. + The popular tribunal, of Marseilles suspended, + because it was become more adverse to the jacobins + since the arrival of the Bourbons. + General Miaczinski condemned to death by the + revolutionary tribunal. + Santerre sent against the royalists of La Vendee. + Kellerman recovers the esteem of the convention, + and is employed again in the armies. + 17. Custine attacks the Austrians near Landau with + 30,000 men, and forces them to retire. + General Wurmser repasses the Rhine. + Every day there are skirmishes near Mayence. + Miaczinski is executed--his depositions against + Pethion, Gensonnet, and others, not being proved. + 23. The allies attack the camp of Famars, and the whole + line from Orchies to Maubeuge. A bloody action + during the whole day. The French secretly during + the night abandoned the camp of Famars. + Riots in Paris, on account of the arrest of Hebert, + compiler of a gazette called Le-Pere-du-Chesne. + Count d'Artois joins his brother at Ham. + It appears that six patriotic merchants of Holland + had promised Dumourier four millions of florins, + provided he conquered the country. + Le Gendre proposes to exclude from the convention + all who voted for the appeal to the people. + The two parties in the convention come to actual + blows; and confusion and disorder continue for + three hours. + The anti-jacobins obtain the upper hand at Lyons, + and 400 persons are sacrificed. + 25. Marat insults the convention. Decreed, that any + member who shall call another villain, or + conspirator, or such-like names, shall be expelled + the convention. Marat instantly violates this law. + Great tumults. + 26. All printing-offices and presses, not in the + interest of the jacobins, such as those of Brissot, + Condorcet, Pru de l'Homme, Rabaut, &c. are + destroyed. + 27. The elector of Bavaria, after receiving the + Emperor's note, becomes active; a part of his army + marches to Mayence. + 30. Hebert is set at liberty. The French from Landau + make an effort to deliver Mayence. + A bold sally is made from Mayence. Prince Louis, + son of Prince Ferdinand, makes a vigorous + resistance. The jacobins are victorious in Paris. + 100,000 citizens are under arms all night. The + tocsin (alarm bell) is ringing all day. + The forty-eight sections of Paris demand an act of + accusation against twenty members; among whom are, + Pethion, Brissot, Barbaroux, Chambon, Gorsas, + Guadet, Lanjuinais, Verniaud, &c. Six escape, and + among them is Brissot. Madame Roland is arrested; + her husband not to be found. + The convention in horrible tumult; and the + president (Isnard) unable to calm it, breaks up the + sitting. The result of this famous day was to + devote twenty-two members to the guillotine, to + declare forty-one out of the protection of the law, + and to imprison seventy-one. +_June_. A legion of French gentlemen sails from England to + Ostend. + A party of male and female negroes are presented to + the convention. + The generals of the French armies are as follows: + Custine commands the army of the North at Bouchain; + Houchard that of the Moselle, at Sar Louis; + Beauharnols, the army of the Rhine, at Wissenbourg; + Kellerman, that of the Alps, at Chamberry; Brunet, + that of Italy, at Nice; De Flers, that of the + Eastern Pyrenees, at Bayonne; Biron, the army of + the coasts of Nantes, at Nantes; and Wimpfer, that + of the coasts of Cantal, at Bayeux. + 7. The royalists in La Vendee obtain considerable + advantages. + Baron Trenck becomes a jacobin. + 9. A bloody battle near Arlon. The French very + numerous. General Schroeder forced to retreat. + Arlon pillaged by the French. + Discussion in the convention about a forced loan of + a milliard of livres. + The Prince of Waldec killed in an attack near Lisle + at the head of the Dutch. + Severe complaints from most of the departments + about the sitting of the 31st of May. + Saumur and Angers taken by the royalists. + 13. Manifesto from the Marseilleois to the French + republicans against the convention. + 14. The departments of Eure and Calvados declare that + the convention is not free. + The club of jacobins is shut up at Aix. + De-Ferraris, general of artillery, begins to + bombard Valenciennes. + The Prussians open trenches before Mayence. + Marat returns to the convention after a fortnight's + voluntary suspension. + Plan of a republican constitution read. + 18. The revolutionary tribunal sends eighteen persons + to the guillotine. + General Wimpfer loses the confidence of the + convention, on account of the disorders in + Calvados. + 19. The news reaches London of a naval action on the + 18th of April between the French and English. + The army of the Emperor is stated to amount to + 225,274 men, exclusive of artillery and the staffs. + Des-Forges nominated minister of foreign affairs. + Count Byland executed. + Dumourier arrives in London. He is ordered to + leave England immediately, but in terms of + civility. + The royalists under Gaston suffer great losses near + Nantes. + 20. Deputies assemble at Grenoble to give a judgment + upon the proceedings of the convention on the 31st + of May. + Ferrand, commandant of Valenciennes, exerts himself + by every means to prevent the inhabitants from + desiring to surrender. + Decree of accusation against Wimpfer. + 23. Pethion and Lanjuinais escape. Decree of accusation + against Brissot. + The cathedral of Mayence burnt down; the Prussians + summon the city to surrender. + The Imperialists take Weissenau. +_July_ 1. The Queen is informed that she must separate + herself from her son, whose education is committed + to Simon, a shoemaker. + Barrere reports to the assembly, that an + insurrection has taken place in Corsica. + 8. Condorcet is denounced by Chabot. + Buzot, Barbaroux, Gorsas, Lanjuinais, &c. are + declared traitors. Some other members are decreed + to be in accusation. + General Sandos is delivered to the revolutionary + tribunal. + Biron is accused of incivism. + The French are forced to evacuate the camp of + Caesar on the Scheldt. + Conde surrenders by capitulation to his Imperial + Majesty. + Insurrection at Lyons, and in several other + departments. + Declaration by the chiefs of the royal and + catholick army of La Vendee. + Admiral Truguet complains to the convention of the + ill state of the marine. + 12. Charlotte Corday assassinates Marat; he is buried + with great ceremony in the Pantheon. + Charlotte Corday is executed. + 14. The republicans in La Vendee are defeated by the + royalists. + Deputies from St. Domingo complain of ravages by + the commissioners Polverel and Santonax, who are + declared to be in accusation. + Rigorous decree against Corsica. General Paoli + declared a traitor. + The royalists continue their successes. + 23. Mayence surrenders to the Prussians. + D'Arnaud-Baculard, an eminent writer, is + guillotined for having lodged an emigrant in his + house. + Decreed, that every soldier shall suffer death who + shall throw away his arms to fly from an enemy. + Decree of accusation against Gen. Custine. + 27. General D'Oyre, the commandant of Mayence during + the siege, and all his staff, put under arrest by + the convention. + Valenciennes surrenders to the Duke of York. The + Prince of Cobourg takes possession of it for the + Emperor. + 29. Tremendous hail-storms at Paris. + General Custine is sent to the Abbaye. + Decreed, that every 10th of August shall be + celebrated as the festival of the unity and + indivisibility of the republic. + Ordered, that every knight of St. Louis shall + deposit his cross in his municipality. + Decreed, that no assignats, with the late King's + effigy, under the value of 100 livres, shall have + in future any value, but be received only at + present in payment of taxes. + Decreed, that all strangers in France, especially + English, be committed to prison. + Decreed, that all forests and all crops of corn in + La Vendee be burnt. + Decreed, that every vestige of royalty be + destroyed. + Decreed, that the trial of the Queen be commenced. + Decreed, that a camp of 300,000 men be formed + between Valenciennes and Paris. + The invention of the telegraph laid before the + convention. + The effects of the India company seized and sealed. + The members of the revolutionary tribunal doubled, + in order that they may be able to go through + business more expeditiously. + 31. Engagement between the republicans and Sardinians. + Motion by Danton, to pass a national sponge over + the enormous number of assignats. +_Aug_. 1. The convention regulates an uniformity of weights + and measures in the republic. + It denounces to all Europe the government of + England. + Ordered, that the Queen be sent to the ordinary + prison of the Conciergerie, and given up to the + revolutionary tribunal. + Chambon moves, that all castles be erased from the + face of the republic. + 2. A fire in the arsenal of Huningen. + 7. Decreed, that Pitt is the enemy of the human race. + 8. All academics and literary societies, which had + been established by letters patent, suppressed by + decree. + A colossal statue of liberty is erected in the + place of that of Louis XV. + 14. The new constitution accepted by the federes. + Decreed, upon the motion of Barrere, that the + nation will repair in mass to the frontiers; this + was the origin of requisitions. + 18. The battle of Lincelles in favour of the allies. + The army of the convention enters Marseilles, after + dispersing the few troops which that city had + raised to oppose it. + Decree for a plan of education purely republican. + The convention charges its commissioners to spare + nothing to reduce Lyons, which is in a state of + rebellion. + A child appears at the bar of the convention, + saying, that instead of preaching up one self-made + God, the convention had established gods in the + principles of equality and the rights of man. + 28. Custine is guillotined, at Paris. + Lord Hood addresses a proclamation to the Southern + provinces of France. + Lord Hood takes possession of Toulon, by agreement + with the chief men and inhabitants of the city, in + the name of Louis XVII. + Action between the Spaniards and the French under + Dagobert, in which the former lose their camp. + 29. The Spaniards obtain advantages over another army + of the French towards the Western Pyrenees. + Within the last six months, twenty-seven generals + of the republican armies have been disgraced or + accused; of whom, five destroyed themselves, three + perished on the scaffold, and fourteen deserted to + the enemy. + 30. Motion to imprison the wives and children of + emigrants. + Motion of Danton to cause the expence of the war to + fall upon merchants and the wealthy. +_ Sept_. 3. Declaration of war by the King of Naples against + the French republic. + Poland is obliged to yield to the treaty of + partition proposed by Prussia. + Decreed, that every administrator of public + accounts, and every national agent shall give in an + exact statement of his fortune previous to the year + 1791. + Le Brun and Claviere, ex-ministers, are deivered to + the revolutionary tribunal. + Energetic address from the convention to the French + people, respecting the treason at Toulon. + Decreed, that all foreign property in France, + especially English, shall be sequestered. + The convention resolves that new commissioners be + sent to St. Domingo, in the room of Polverel and + Santonax. + The Vendean generals write to the Count d'Artois, + inviting him to put himself at their head. + 11. The city of Quesnoy surrenders to the Imperialists. + Robespierre declares to the convention, that the + country is in extreme danger. + The republicans are defeated at Chantonnay by the + royalists. + 12. The Dutch are defeated at Menin. + The Duke of York is forced to raise the siege of + Dunkirk. + General Dumerbian, of the army in Italy, is + arrested. + Engagement between the royalists and republicans. + The Duke de Bethune-Charost arrested. + 14. The French attack the combined armies in different + points near Weissembourg without any thing + decisive. + The Duke de Nivernois and other considerable + persons arrested. + Duhem states to the convention, that its + philanthropy cost France 120,000 persons last year. + The number of vessels found in Toulon by the + English was twenty-two ships of the line and five + frigates. + 15. Decreed, that every young man from 18 to 25 must + immediately join the army. + Menin retaken by General Beaulieu. + 17. The French fail in their attempt to pass the Rhine + at Huningen. + Decreed, that all former nobles and relations of + emigrants, shall be considered as suspected, and be + imprisoned. + Engagement between the Spaniards and French; the + former retire with loss. + 18. The royalists near Saumur take the flying artillery + of the republicans. + 19. The siege of Lyons is commenced. + Decreed, that all women shall carry tickets of + civism, and wear a three-coloured cockade. + Collot d'Herbois proposes to seize and bury all + counter-revolutionists under the land of liberty, + by means of mines. + Barrere proposes to banish all those who are averse + to republican government. + 20. Decreed, that the vulgar aera (sic) be abolished, + and that a new manner be adopted of dividing days + and years, to be called the Republican Calendar. + The French attack the Duke of Brunswick, and are + repulsed near Bitche; several actions take place in + consequence. + 21. Decreed, that no produce or manufacture of England + shall be imported into France or the colonies, but + in French bottoms; nor foreign ships convey the + commodities of France from one French port to + another, under pain of confiscation. + 22. A great number of persons of distinction arrested. + The King of Prussia leaves his army, and returns to + Berlin. + The Prussians make the French to retreat in the + dutchy (sic) of Deux-ponts. + Two thousand millions of assignats issued. + 29. Prince Cobourg passes the Sambre, and invests + Maubeuge. + Decreed that all fathers and mothers shall inform + where their children, in a state of requisition, + are concealed. + Barrere proposes, that as the French nation has + proclaimed liberty to the earth, it should proclaim + liberty also to the sea. + Madame Du Barry, General Houchard, General + Quetinau, and Marshal Luckner, are prisoners in the + Abbaye. + The Duchesses of Grammont and of Chatelet, with + many other nobles, are imprisoned in the Hotel de + la Force. + The number of prisoners in Paris is 2560. + The Queen remains in a dungeon of the Conciergerie, + her trial not yet commenced; nor that of the + deputies, who were put out of the protection of the + law. Brissot, and others, taken and carried to + Paris. + _Oct_. 1. The French obtain a victory over the Sardinians in + the Tarentaise, and in Maurienne. On the side of + Saorgio, the Sardinians have some advantages over + the French. + A great number of members are arrested in the very + convention, and delivered to the revolutionary + tribunal. + Drouet, who stopped the King at Varennes, falls + into the hands of the Austrians. + The constitutional bishop of Derdogne (sic) + presents his new wife to the convention. + 6. Gorsas, a member of the convention, is arrested in + the Palais Royal, and guillotined in 24 hours. + Disgrace of Generals Houchard, Schomberg, and + Landremont, who are replaced by Jourdan, Delmas, + and Moreau. + Thuriot complains to the convention, that Jourdan + is appointed to a command, and enjoys public + confidence; a man of blood, fire, and pillage, + whose name posterity will not read without horror. + The national agent, Hebert, reduces the prisoners + in the temple to the strictest regimen; the Queen + is served on pewter. + 8. The allies gain considerable advantages over the + French at Toulon. + Cambon proposes to discredit specie in order to + raise the value of assignats. + Billaud Varennes proposes the immediate trial of + the Queen. + Arrest of all the members of the constituent + assembly, who protested against the constitution of + 1791. + Republican women appear at the bar of the + convention, declaring that they, as well as men, + are conscious of their rights, and know how to + resist oppression. + 8. Lyons, after some days of siege, is forced to + submit. Barrere moves, that the city be destroyed, + and that a column be erected on the spot, with + these words engraven on it, "Lyons waged war + against liberty; Lyons is no more." + 13. The allies make themselves masters of the Strong + and famous lines of Weissembourg. Lauterbourg + surrenders to them next day. + All monuments of former Kings who were buried at + St. Denis, are destroyed by order of the + convention. + 15. The Queen appears at the bar of the revolutionary + tribunal; Fouquier, the public accuser, reads the + list of injuries and grievances with which she is + charged, and immediately obtains a sentence of + death against her; she hears it with downcast eyes, + and without uttering a word. + 16. Marie Antoinette of Austria, Queen of France, is + conveyed in a cart to the place of execution, her + hands tied behind her back, and with her back to + the horse's tail. She mounted the scaffold + quickly, amidst acclamations of the people, which + excited only a smile of pity in her. She looked + earnestly at the Tuilleries, and seemed to dwell + upon the place where her children were; before she + was fastened to the guillotine, she threw her eyes + up to heaven, and Soon after her head was severed + from her body. + Decreed, that the money of France be changed into + francs of gold and of silver, and into republicans. + Work-houses established to prevent begging. + General Ferrand, writing to the convention an + account of his exploits in Arragon and Catalonia, + says, that he expects to plant the tree of liberty + on the walls of Madrid next campaign. + Prince Cobourg, attacked by the French, raises the + siege of Maubeuge, and repasses the Sambre. + 17. The French are successful in Piedmont. + It is announced to the convention, that the + intruding bishop of Moulins officiated in a red + bonnet, and with a pike instead of the cross and + mitre. + Every external sign of religion is abolished. The + inscription on burying places is, "that death is + "only an eternal sleep." + 22. Andre Dumont informs the convention from Abbeville, + that he was making the cross and crucifix to + disappear. "I shall comprehend in my proscription + "all those black animals called priests." + The convention orders, that the news of the + conquest of La Vendee be sent to all the + departments. + 24. The royalists again appear, and gain great + advantage over the republicans. + Decreed, that every city which surrenders without + standing one assault shall be razed to the ground. + Permission granted to women to regulate their + fortune, as well as their husbands. + The number of prisoners in Paris amounts to 4000. + The French attack the allies for six days + successively; always bringing up fresh troops; + constantly repulsed, they still return and take + possession of the post, if possible, at any + expence. + 27. New decree against priests. + The French lose 3000 men in two actions; one + against Wurmser, and a second against the + Prussians. + The royalists of La Vendee compleatly (sic) defeat + the French republicans. + The French, who had taken Menin, Courtray, Furnes, + who besieged Nieuport, and threatened Ostend, are + obliged to retire, and evacuate all they had got in + Brabant. + The commissioners at Lyons write, that 800 workmen + are labouring to demolish the city, pursuant to an + order of the convention. Lyons was the second city + of France. + 30. The Duke of York retakes Marchiennes, and makes + 1629 prisoners. + 31. Twenty-one members of the convention guillotined in + 37 minutes, viz. Brissot, Verniaud, Duprat, Valaze, + Gensonnet, Le Hardy, Ducos, Boyer, Fonfrede, + Boileau, Gardier, Du Chastel, Sillery, Fauchet, + Duperret, La Source, Carra, Beauvais, Mainville, + Antiboul, Vegee, and La Case. + The royalists of La Vendee take the island of + Noirmoutier. + _Nov_. 1. Egalite conveyed from Marseilles to the prison of + the Conciergerie in Paris. + A column of Vendeans passes the Loire at Ancenis. + Two actions between the Spaniards and French; the + latter lose between five and six thousand men. + A member proposes to guillotine all farmers and + labourers that monopolize. + Decreed, that all lead, iron, copper, and bells of + churches, shall be applied to the use of the war. + The British ambassador presses the Grand Duke of + Tuscany to join the allies. + Decreed, that natural children shall share + inheritances equally with legitimate; provided the + parents have no other husband or wife. + Spoils and plunder of the churches are daily sent + to the convention. + The grand master of Malta takes part with the + allies against France. + Philip Egalite (formerly Duke of Orleans) is + guillotined upon the scaffold to which he brought + his unfortunate King. + Lidon, a member of the convention, shoots himself. + Complaints from all parts of want of bread. The + inhabitants declare they have only a quarter of a + pound of bread each a day. + Bailly, first mayor of Paris, guillotined. + General Beaulieu defeats the French, and forces + them to retreat to Philipville. + Ordered, that farmers of the national domains pay + their rents in kind. + Some persons are ordered to take away by night the + shrine of St. Genevieve, the patroness of Paris, + and whom the Parisians always respected peculiarly; + it is carried to the Mint. + 7. Gabet and his constitutional clergy renounce in the + convention the sacerdotal character. + Madame Roland is condemned to death and executed + the same day, with five municipal officers of + Pont-de-Ce. + 11. Festival of Reason, in the cathedral of Paris. + A woman is appointed to receive the homage there + which is denied to the Deity. + 12. The royalists of La Vendee continue their + successes. + The Piedmontese still unsuccessful, losing their + camp and stores at La Magdeleine. + The national vengeance is at length glutted with + the blood of the inhabitants of Lyons; between 2 + and 3000 persons have been massacred by tying them + together, and firing upon them with case-shot; and + the sabre finished those whose wounds were not + mortal. + Fort-Louis surrenders to the allies. 200 persons + are guillotined at Strasbourg for hesitating to pay + their proportion of a sum ordered to be raised in + that city within 24 hours. + Collot d'Herbois and Foucher, commissioners at + Lyons, write, that the work of destruction goes on + too slow. Mines and fires are necessary to forward + the demolition of so great a city. + The allies make a sally from Toulon, kill 2000 + French, destroy the works, and take eleven pieces + of cannon. + Manuel and Cassy, members of the convention, and + Generals Houchard and Brunet, are guillotined. + 18. Thuriot, Chabot, Bazire, L'Aunay, all deputies, are + imprisoned. Chamfont cuts his throat. Several + actions near Bitche, between the French and + Prussians; the latter are forced to retire. + On the other hand the French lose 8000 men in an + action against Wurmser. + The Sardinians after two actions are forced to + retreat. + Monsieur Lavordy, formerly comptroller of finances, + guillotined. + 26. The Vendeans beat the republicans, and take the + post of Austrain. + The Sardinians under General Brentano repulse the + French. + The Spaniards obtain a victory. + Chambon, member of the convention, mayor of Paris + at the King's massacre, is put out of the + protection of the law, and killed by the + inhabitants of Tulle, among whom he had taken + refuge. + Gen. La Morbiere is guillotined. + 27. The royalists of La Vendee take several towns in + Brittany; on the 19th they take Granville, but + evacuate it. + Barnave, a deputy to the first assembly, one of + the, authors of the revolution, and Duport, then + minister of justice, guillotined. + 29. Project to erect a monument upon the Pont-Neuf, + representing the people as giants. + The convention receives from all parts the letters + of priesthood from the intruders. + Decreed, that a municipal officer with a red bonnet + shall inter the dead. + Robespierre declaims against the eagerness with + which they set about the work of destroying + religion. + A deputation of women appears at the bar with the + red bonnet. + Decree, offering rewards to every abjuring priest. + At Rochefort and other cities the pictures and + books of the churches are burned. + St. Domingo taken by the English. + The orator of the students of the republican school + comes to the bar, to assure the convention that he + and his comrades detest God. + Remonstrances of Mr. Drake, the British minister, + to the Senate of Genoa on the subject of + neutrality. + A member informs the convention that ten thousand + firelocks are made in Paris daily. + Decreed, that a colossal statue be erected in Paris + 46 feet high, with the rights of man and the + constitutional act for a pedestal. + Furious declamation of Robespierre against the + British government. + 30. General O'Hara, commander at Toulon, taken prisoner + by the French. + The inhabitants of Marly send to the convention all + the precious effects of the palace of Marly, and + all the iron of the famous works of that place. + Decreed, that all the lakes and marshes of the + republic be dried, and sowed with grain of various + sorts. +_Dec_. 1. The Jacobins of Nantes drown 90 priests destined + for Guiana, by sinking the ship in which they were + embarked. + Madame du Barry, the Duke Chatelet, the two + Rabauts, members of the convention, Kersaint and + Noel, members also, are all guillotined. The + ex-minister Claviere kills himself in prison. + One hundred and fifty persons guillotined at + Dunkirk. + The festival of an ass celebrated at Lyons, in + derision of religious worship. + Collot d'Herbois informs the convention of the + massacres which he has executed at Lyons. + The right wing of the Austrian army takes 1200 + prisoners, and kills 1700. + The Prince of Conde takes 7 cannon, and kills 1300 + men. + The Duke of Brunswick kills takes and (sic) 6000 + men. + 3. Wurmser defeats the army opposed to him, kills + 10,000, and makes 5,000 prisoners. + 4. The French evacuate Deux-Ponts, having lost immense + numbers of men and of artillery. + Raymond le Veuve is guillotined at Bourdeaux (sic). + The French attack the Austrian and Prussian armies + almost daily, and are constantly repulsed with + loss. + 11. The French, notwithstanding their constant losses + continue to attack the lines of the allies. They + lose 5000 in an attack near Haguenau. + Valadi is discovered and guillotined. + 12. The royalists are defeated with great loss near + Mans. + In an action near La Guerche, the Vendeans kill + 7000 republicans, and take their artillery. + Birateau, member of the convention, guillotined at + Bourdeaux. + The festival of reason celebrated in all cities of + France, as in Paris. + Madame de Villette, niece of Voltaire, dies on the + scaffold. + 14. The French make an attack on the posts of the + allies on the side of Courtray, and are repulsed. + The general, with his aid-du-camp (sic) and staff + to the number of 25, are arrested at Lisle. + 16. The French again attack the lines of Gen. Wurmser, + and are again repulsed with great loss. + 18. The royalists of La Vendee are again victorious + near Concale. + Toulon is retaken by the republicans, its name is + changed on the motion of Barrere, to that of the + "Port of the Mountain." + Letter of Chabot from the prison of the Luxemburg + to the convention. + 20. The Duke of Brunswick, near Weissembourg defeats + the French army, kills 10,000, and takes their camp + and baggage with 47 pieces of artillery. + Rejoicings in Paris on account of the retaking of + Toulon. + The French, after having so often attacked the + allies with great loss, and returned as often to + harrass (sic) them still, at length carry their + point. They take 16 cannon, kill 500 men, and + recover the strong lines of Weissembourg. + 27. The allies raise the siege of Landau. +1794. +_Jan_. 1. The representatives of the people, in order to get + rid of prisoners in La Vendee direct that all of + them be thrown into the Loire. + 2. The island of Noirmoutier is retaken by the + republicans; 800 royalists are killed and 1200 are + made prisoners. + 3. The old marshal Luckner, and the son of General + Custine, guillotined. + 4. Eight hundred emigrants perish in crossing the + Rhine. + The States of Brabant require great contributions + for the expence of the war. + Bourdon de L'Oise complains, that the minister is + still too monarchical, and he demands that one + purely republican be appointed. + The Prince of Talmond, one of the chiefs of the + royalists, is taken by the republicans near + Fougeres. The remains of his army joins the + Chouans. + The Chouans, who now begin to be distinguished, are + so called from two brothers, gentlemen of that + name, who were particularly active in levying + troops in Brittany for the service of the + royalists. + 6. Mons. d'Espremenil, a counsellor of the parliament + of Paris, and an ex-constituent, thrown into + prison. + General Cartaux sent to the Conciergerie. + Chambon, comptroller of finances, complains that + printing the names of emigrants on large paper is + too expensive, and moves that the small octavo be + used. + Decree of accusation against Roncin and Rossignol, + generals of the republic in La Vendee. + The revolutionary tribunal of Lyons, to please the + people, burns in effigy the Emperor, the Kings of + England, Spain, Prussia, and Sardinia, Mr. Pitt, + and the Pope. The city of Toulon is also burnt in + the representation of a woman. + La Mourette, intruding bishop of Lyons, guillotined. + Herbert is convicted of having received from the + national treasury, for his journal "Le Pere du + Chesne," in June 1793, 123,000 livres, and in + October 60,000 livres. + 11. Thomas Payne and Anacharsis Cloots imprisoned in + the Luxemburg. + Ordered by the jacobin club of Paris, that all + sarcasms and philippics, uttered in their tribune + against the government and constitution of England, + be printed and sent to the patriots in the three + kingdoms. + The convention decrees, that all inscriptions on + monuments shall be in the French language. + Decreed, that all property real and personal of the + farmers-general shall belong to the nation. + Pondicherry surrenders to the British. + The president of the convention reads a letter from + Vitre. "The souls of most of the royalists have + "been sent to the Eternal Father; we are every day + "destroying the Chouans, those infernal banditti." + The French are active in restoring the lines of + Weissembourg to cover the siege of Fort-Louis. + The Baron Latude guillotined; he had lived many + years in the Bastille, and was called the proof and + victim of despotism. + The committee of public safety remove Simon, the + shoemaker, from the office of tutor and preceptor + to the son of Louis XVI. confined in the Temple; + and resolve that there is no need of any other in + his place. + A manufacture is offered to the convention of + cloth made of two-thirds hair. + 19. The chimney-sweepers request of the convention the + release of Abbe Fenelon, who had been a father to + them during 60 years. + 21. The anniversary of the death of Louis XVI. is + declared in the convention a day of glory. + Between the 13th of December and the 24th of + January, 325 persons were guillotined at Lyons, and + 330 shot. + Generals Wurmser and the Duke of Brunswick are + succeeded by Generals Braun and Moellendorff. + The female citizen Chapuis, daughter of the + general, demands to serve as a dragoon. + The Count d'Artois sends his diamonds to Marshal + Broglio for the use of emigrants. + Motion by Rhul against the Elector of Bavaria. + A deputation of Americans demand the release of + their countryman Thomas Payne. The president + replies that he is an Englishman. + 27. Decreed, that all castles in conquered countries + which cannot be used as hospitals shall be burned. + Decreed, that sixty-two millions of assignats shall + be at the disposition of the war-minister + 29. every month. And that 95,000 cavalry be raised for + the next spring. + 30. Upwards of three thousand peasants, prisoners from + La Vendee, are guillotined or shot at Nantes. + 31 Perigord Tayleyrand, bishop of Autun, ordered to + leave England. +_Feb_. 1. Mons. La Borde, the former court banker, and father + of La Borde de Merville, an ex-constituent, is + forced to purchase his liberty with a large sum of + money. + The opera of "Toute la Grece" is in great + vogue--the story of it is, that Philip, seeing all + Greece rising in a mass, begs for peace; Greece + refuses to make peace with a King. + Report to the convention, that excellent soap is + made of potatoes. + 4. Slavery abolished in all the colonies. + Pichegru appointed commander of the army of the + North in the room of Jourdan. + The treasurer Cambon states to the convention that + last year 4,885,764 livres were coined of copper + and bell-metal. + A deputation of blacks appears at the bar to be + received as brethren. + Decreed, that every officer and soldier, of + whatever rank, shall have an equal quantity of + provisions, a man having but one stomach. + 7. The 48 sections of Paris appear at the bar to + protest against any suspension of arms. + All mints for coining money suppressed, except that + of Paris. + The commune of Chamberry sends to the convention + twelve thousand marks [Footnote: Eight ounces + each.] of silver, together with the sword of Prince + Eugene, five feet long. + Manifesto of the Germanic body to justify the war + with France. + The Prince of Talmond and fourteen priests + guillotined. + One of the two brothers, of La Vendee, from whom + the Chouans took their name, is killed by the + republicans. + A bloody quarrel between the republican and + revolutionary soldiers of the French army. + The Vendeans obtain advantages at Cholet. + The Duke and Duchess of Luynes, and Mons de + Montmorency, an ex-constituent, imprisoned. + A work is published under the sanction of the + convention, proving that the national domains, that + is, the estates of the king (sic), the nobles, the + clergy, and the emigrants, are worth twenty + milliards of livres. + Deputies from the county of Mot Belliard demand its + union with France. + The old name of Marseilles is restored; it had been + forfeited by a decree, and was called "Sans-nom." + 18. The Abbe Maury is promoted to the dignity of + cardinal. + Troops sent from Paris to La Vendee receive orders + to travel fourteen leagues a day. + 20. Thomas Payne claims protection of the club of + Cordeliers, who return for answer the vote he gave + on the King's trial. + Mons. du Chaffault, lieut.-general of marines, an + officer of great services and high estimation, is + massacred in Poitou at the age of eighty-five + years. + The convention, on the motion of Barrere, decree a + political lent, in order to leave the more animal + food for the sick and aged. + A petition from Burgundy demands the death of young + Capet. + Death of Cardinal de Lomenie du Brienne, one of the + earliest promoters of the revolution. + St. Just makes a motion, the object of which is, to + excite the people to murder and vengeance, for 1200 + years of crimes which had been committed against + them. + Motion by Danton for an agrarian law. + 26. Report upon La Vendee. It consists of sixteen + departments of forty square leagues, between the + Loire and the sea, from Painboeuf to Saumur. + The sister of Mirabeau is reduced to solicit alms + of the convention. +_March_. Several sections of Paris complain to the + convention of a scarcity of provisions. + Decreed, that all the property of priests, either + banished or imprisoned, be confiscated for the use + of the state. + Danton makes a flaming republican speech to the + convention. + All horses of the plough put in requisition. + The number of prisoners in Paris amount to 6100. + 9. The minister of justice proposes to institute a + committee of insurrection, to overturn all the + monarchies of Europe. + The sale of the property of emigrants amounted in + the year 1793 only to twenty millions of livres, + not half the real value of the estates of one + emigrant alone, the Duke de Montmorency. + The number of victims destroyed by the guillotine + or grape-shot at Lyons, to this date, amounted to + somewhat more than five thousand. + Populus, an ex-constituent, guillotined at Lyons. + The clubs of the jacobins and cordeliers form an + alliance. + At Nevers seventy-four priests, who refuse to take + the oath, are guillotined. At Dijon fourteen + nobles suffer the same fate, because they used the + titles of Count and Baron. + The merchants of Bourdeaux are all arrested on the + same day, and condemned to the guillotine; but are + permitted to redeem their lives by paying one + hundred millions of livres, to which they are + forced to submit. + 14. Robespierre invents a conspiracy, or pretended + treason, in order to secure his authority. + The wife of Momoro, who had played the part of + first goddess of reason, guillotined. + All strangers are banished from Paris. + The Vendeans are beat on the left bank of the Loire + by General Cordelier. + The convention states the expences of 1793 to be at + the rate of four hundred millions of livres a month. + 15. Hebert and his partizans (sic) are arrested. The + jacobins betray the cordeliers. + 17. Herault de Sechelles guillotined. + 21. The Emperor forbids his subjects to make any + payments in France. + 24. The island of Martinico submits wholly to the + English. + A secret is laid before the convention of removing + the impression of ink from paper, and of rendering + it as new. + Wives of emigrants forbid to marry foreigners. + Eight thousand men sent to La Vendee. + The revolutionary army is disbanded. + Means discovered to expel foul air, by burning + common salt moistened with oil of vitriol. + 30. The brother of Abbe (now Cardinal) Maury + guillotined at Avignon. + 31. Jourdan appointed commander in chief of the army of + the Moselle. + Barrere exclaims against atheism and irreligious + principles. +_April_ 5. Danton, Camille des Moulins, Fabre d'Eglantine, De + l'Aulnay, Chabot, La Croix, Philippeau, Bazire, and + Julien, all voters for the King's death, delivered + to the revolutionary tribunal, and guillotined. + Danton, when asked his name and quality, replied, + "a being now that in a few hours will be a + non-entity." + Camille des Moulins, being required to tell his + age, replied, "the same as the sans-culottes Jesus, + "34 years." + Westerman, who stiled (sic) himself the conqueror + of royalists, the Abbe d'Espagnac, and many others, + are guillotined. + 7. Formal entry of the Emperor into Brussels. + Decreed, that the executive council be suppressed, + as incompatible with republican government. + Chambon states the expence, extraordinary and + revolutionary, 1,600,000,000 livres. + A deputation at the bar of the assembly demands, + that death be the order of the day. + The prisoners in Paris amount to 6763. + Dumas, a deputy, pretends to point out a method of + knowing a counter-revolutionist by his physiognomy. + St. Lucia taken by the English. + 9. Gobet, intruding bishop of Paris, guillotined. + The honours of the pantheon voted to Rousseau. + 12. The city of Oneglia taken by the French. + St. Just, in the convention, asks the question + "What is a King compared with a French citizen?" + 14. The allies repulse the French on the Lys. + The daughter of Sultan Achmet III. who had fled + into France, and found refuge there during 64 + years, obtains alms of the convention, viz. 6oo + livres, (about 25l. sterling.) + 18. Laborde, a wealthy banker who had several times + redeemed his life by large sums of money, is + guillotined. + The principal members of the parliaments of Paris, + and of Toulouse, are guillotined. + 20. The woods of Vitre and Rennes burned to dislodge + the royalists. + 21. Gen. Beaulieu beats the French at Arlon. + 22. Guadaloupe taken by the English. + The old Mons. de Malsherbes, one of the generous + defenders of Louis XVI. guillotined. + 24. The allies beat the French near Cambray. + 26. The Duke of York takes 35 pieces of cannon, and a + French general; he kills 5000 men, and makes 3000 + prisoners. + To facilitate the sale of the lands of emigrants, + they are divided into lots of three hundred livres + each, and twenty years credit given. + 28. The French seize Courtray the day of the annual + fair, and get a great booty. + 29. General Clairfait gains a considerable advantage, + killing 3000 men, and taking several cannon. + 30. Landrecy surrenders to the Emperor with a garrison + of 6ooo men. + In this month were executed, besides those + mentioned already, Monsieur d'Espremenil, + Chaumette, procureur of the commune of Paris, Gen. + Arthur Dillon, Hebert and Simon, deputies, Gen. + Roncin, Momoro, Anarcharsis Cloots, a deputy, Du + Buisson, Goutte, an intruding bishop, Gen. Beisser, + the Marquis of Chateau Briant, the Duchesses of + Chatelet and Grammont, the Viscountess de + Pont-Ville, Thouret and Chapellier, two very active + revolutionists. + Kosciusko puts himself at the head of a revolution + in Poland. +_May_ 1. In the prisons of Paris 22,000 persons are + confined, and in all the departments of France + 653,000. + The Duke de Biron, upon sentence of death being + passed upon him by the revolutionary tribunal, + cried out, "I deserve it, for having betrayed my + "King and served his enemies." + The Count du l'Aigle, being also condemned, said to + the people, "It is not my head, it is bread and + "your King that you ought to demand." + Decreed, that all royal houses shall be kept for + the use and enjoyment of the people. + 10. Robespierre obtains decrees to admit the existence + of a Supreme Being, and of the immortality of the + soul; and for the establishment of decadary + festivals. + In La Vendee, General Haxo, after the example of + General Moulin, blows his brains out, to avoid + being taken prisoner. + All letters coming into France are opened. + From the 29th of April to the 4th of May, 109 + persons are guillotined in Paris, and many more in + the departments. + In the valley of Aost, 6000 French were killed by + the peasants of Piedmont. + Barrere announces the capture of a Spanish camp, + with two hundred cannon, and two thousand men. + All the farmers-general are accused in a mass, and + sent to the revolutionary tribunals, + The town of Sargio and Piedmontese camp taken by + the French. + 11. Seventy-one persons, among whom are 27 + farmers-general, are guillotined. + Madame Elizabeth, sister of the late King, is + carried before the revolutionary tribunal and + interrogated, " What is your name?" "Elizabeth + "Philippine Marie Helene de France." + "Your quality?" "Aunt of the King." These last + words are scarcely pronounced, when the tribunal + condemns her to death. + 12. The next day she is conducted to the scaffold, with + 25 persons who were guillotined in her presence; it + being directed that she should suffer the last. + She died at the age of thirty years, and left a + character of unblemished purity. + Decreed, that all aged and infirm priests be kept + in houses belonging to the republic. + Report upon mendacity. Decreed, that the + convention will efface the name of beggary and + poverty from the annals of the republic. + The town and citadel of Bastia taken by the + English. + The commune of Sens writes to the convention, that + it has dug up all the bodies of the Capets that + were interred in their cathedral, in order to bury + them in ordinary ground. + An address to the French nation is prepared by + Barrere, and published by the convention, + concluding with these words: "Let the English + "slaves perish, and let Europe be free." + 13. Revolutionary tribunals suppressed, except that of + Paris. + 14. L'Huillier kills himself in prison, and Rebecqui + drowns himself--both active agents in the massacres + of Avignon, and of the 2d of September. + 15. Kaunitz forces the French to repass the Sambre with + the loss of 5000 men. + 18. The Duke of York, with 3500 men, is attacked by + 15000 French, and forced to retreat. + General Beaulieu, near Bouillon, kills 3000 French, + and takes 700. + 22. Battle near Tournay, lasts 16 hours; the French + lose 12,000 men, and the allies 3000. + A French army of 10,000 men penetrates into + Luxembourg. + 24. Kaunitz takes 80 cannon, kills 2000 French, and + takes 3000. + Insurrection of the patriots at Liege. + The Emperor quits the army, and returns to Vienna. + 29. Battle of Germersheim; the French lose 400 killed, + and 600 taken prisoners. + A plot to assassinate Robespierre and Collot + d'Herbois fails of success; the former obtains a + guard for his person. +_June_ 1. The British fleet under Lord Howe engages the + French; the latter loses eight sail of the line. + 2. The convention decrees, that no Englishman or + Hanoverian shall be made prisoner in battle--no + quarter to be given, but all without reserve to be + put to the sword. + The Duke of York communicates this barbarous decree + to his army, in a manner that does honour to a + soldier and to a man. + The guillotine is destroyed by the people at St. + Brieux, and the revolutionary tribunal expelled. + 4. The French are routed near Charleroy with the loss + of 4000 men. + The man who saved Collot d'Herbois from + assassination, obtains a pension of 1500 livres a + year. + Decreed, that the members of the convention, when + on duty, shall wear marks of distinction. + Proclamation of the Emperor to induce all Brabant + to rise in a mass. + A military school is instituted in the plain of + Sablons near Paris. + Decreed, that a new grammar be published, to give + to the language of liberty a character that is + suitable to it. + 8. Jourdan, called Coupe-tete, general of the army at + Avignon, guillotined. + The son and daughter of Louis XVI. employed to make + shoes and shirts for the nation. + 10. General Clairfait is obliged to retreat. + The French take Port-Vendre, Collieure, and St. + Elme. + 13. A festival to the Eternal. Robespierre acts the + part of Pontiff. The ceremony is designed to + satisfy the people, by putting an end to atheism. + The members of the convention assume the + distinction of a plume of feathers in the hat, and + a three-coloured scarf. + The French army in Maritime Flanders amounts to + 170,000 men. + The inviolability of the members of the convention + is renewed. + A large convoy from America with corn arrives in + France. + 16. The French lose 7,000 men in an action near + Charleroy. + Ypres surrenders to the French--this conquest opens + all Brabant. + The numerous forces opposed to the allies oblige + them to retreat. + 20. One milliard two hundred and five millions of + livres in assignats issued. + Port-au-Prince taken by the English. + The dread of the guillotine causes fifty thousand + persons to emigrate. + 21. Commencement of a quarrel between Robespierre and + Bourdon de l'Oise, and another between Tallien and + Robespierre. + Ninety-four nuns transported to Africa. + Twenty-one members of the parliament of Toulouze + (sic) guillotined at Paris. + 26. Every thing in France is put in requisition, men, + horses, provisions, and all sorts of property. + 28. Some terrible conspiracy is supposed, and announced + to the public in order to authorise new massacres. + "Paris," says Barrere, "shall be henceforth the + "city with a hundred gates; each gate shall + "announce some triumph, or some revolutionary, + "epoch". + 29. The French besiege Charleroy. + The number of persons guillotined this month is as + follows. From the first to the ninth of June, 100 + On the 9th, 22 + 10th, 30 + 11th, 33 + 12th, 8 + 13th, 20 + From 14 to 17th 103 + 17 to 20th 50 + On the 21st, 26 + 22d, 14 + 25th, 48 + 27th, 29 + Total guillotined in Paris in the month of June 483 + +_July_ Religious worship abolished at Liege, the priests + banished, and the churches demolished. + 3. Sir Gilbert Elliot receives the crown of Corsica in + the name of the King of Great-Britain. + Proclamation of the Stadtholder on the dangers + which threaten Holland. + A festival of the human race at Paris--it ends with + adopting poor children. + The French take Mons and Ostend; 87 persons + guillotined. + Newport also falls to the French--130 emigrants + shot. + Tournay taken by the same. The British + 7. forced to evacuate Alost. Fifty persons condemned + to death. + 8. The Austrians quit Brussels; the French enter it, + and retake Landrecy. + Spires, Mechlin, and Louvain, abandoned by the + allies. + Sixty persons guillotined at Brest. + Robespierre, in an address to the convention, is + heard for the first time with coolness. + The plunder of the churches of Brabant is sent to + the convention, together with two millions of + livres in specie from Mons. + 18. Namur opens its gates to the French. + 19. Revolution at Geneva. + The convention is charged in its accounts with 150 + reams of paper a day;--each of its decrees costs + 83,000 livres; on the first of April last, 6800 + decrees had been passed by the three legislatures. + The members who compose the committee of public + safety, at this time of havoc and universal terror, + are Robespierre, Couthon, Billaud Varennes, + Barrere, Collot d'Herbois, Lindet, Prieur, Carnot, + and St. Just. + 26. Robespierre denounces to the convention one hundred + of its members. A party instantly rises against + him. He is attacked by Billaud Varennes and + Tallien, and thunderstruck with the accusations + against him. + 27. Robespierre endeavours to kill himself; the wound + not mortal. + 28. All the following persons are guillotined this day: + Robespierre the elder and the younger, Couthon and + St. Just, members of the convention; Henriot, + commander in chief of the Parisian guard; La + Vallette, another commander; Dumas, president of + the revolutionary tribunal; Lescott Fleuriot, mayor + of Paris; Payan, chief agent of the commune; + Viviers, a criminal judge, and president of the + jacobin club; Simon, preceptor of the young Prince; + upwards of eighty municipal officers; one Deputy, a + commissioner with the army, and one general + officer, all partizans of Robespierre. + Tallien proclaims in the convention, that the day + of the tyrant's death is a festival for universal + fraternity. + From the 1st to the 19th of July were guillotined + in Paris, in all 406 persons. + On the 20th, 34 + 21st, 29 + 22d, 46 + 24th, 30 + From 25th to 27th 135 + 28th, 22 + 29th, 70 + Total guillotined in July 772 + +_Aug_. 1. At this time the guillotine remains unemployed. + The convention charges sixteen committees with the + management of public affairs. + 2. The Spaniards are defeated--The French take + Fontarabia and St. Sebastian. + Pichegru, with 190,000 men, is commanded to conquer + Holland. + 3. Prince Cobourg calls upon the States of Germany to + assemble and oppose with unanimity the alarming + mass of French troops which is on the point of + breaking in upon them. + 5. The convention abolishes Robespierre's system of + terror. + Brussels gives a civic feast on account of its + union with France. + The French enter Treves, and summon Breda. + Pelet solicits the convention for the return of + order, of justice, and of commerce. + 10. The English take possession of Calvi. + 11. The states-general earnestly exhort the Dutch to + defend themselves. + 13. A general release of prisoners confined in France + by order of Robespierre--they amounted to upwards + of 500,000. + Quesnoy retaken by the French, with 3000 men. + The telegraph first made use of. + 15. An ambassador from America receives the fraternal + kiss. + 26. L'Ecluse surrenders by capitulation to the French. + Ordered, that all persons may travel freely without + passports in the interior of the republic. + The new ambassador from Geneva received in the + convention. + 29. Valenciennes surrenders; its garrison consisted of + 8ooo men, of whom 1100 were emigrants. + 30. Conde surrenders to the French. + Freron and Tallien propose measures of moderation, + that is, a system opposite to that of terror. +_Sept_. 1. The Emperor threatens to withdraw his troops, if + the circles of Germany do not support him better. + The academy cf arts and sciences of Paris discovers + a method of making pot-ash from the horse-chesnut + (sic). + Bois-le-Duc and Breda inundated. + The convention passes some decrees favourable to + the emigrants. + 5. Rochelle and Montfort denounce the nobles and + priests. + 6. An orator of one of the electoral clubs of Paris + presents a petition, which he is unable to read. + Bertier acquaints the convention that he has set at + liberty all prisoners in the North under 15 years + of age. + The convention receives numerous congratulations on + the death of Robespierre. + Tallien resigns his seat as member of the committee + of public safety. + Motion of Barrere against bankers and stockjobbers. + An attempt is made to assassinate Tallien, but he + escapes with some severe wounds. + 10. The flag of the republic of Geneva is received into + the convention. + Merlin, of Thionville, makes an animated speech in + the convention against the jacobins. + The two ruling parties in the convention are, the + partizans of terror, called the Mountain. and the + Moderates. + Protests and placarts (sic) are stuck up in all + parts of Paris against the despotism of the + convention. + 11. The convention decrees that all those shall be + subject to the laws against emigrants, who quitted + France since the 1st of July 1789, and did not + return before 9th of May 1792. + Decreed, that the nation will pay no more salaries + to ministers, or others officiating in any + religious worship. + Motion by Duhem to expel all that remains of the + family of Capet from the territory of the republic. + Report of Lindet on the state of France, in which + are marked its dangers, errors, and disasters. + The Spaniards are forced to give up the important + city of Bellegard to the French at discretion. + 12. The Piedmontese are repulsed with considerable + loss. + 13. Great commotions at Marseilles. + 15. Ordered, that the remains of Marat be interred in + the Pantheon. + 16. The British and Hanoverians pass the Rhine with + some loss. The Duke of York retires to Nimeguen. + Ceremonies established for the observance of the + days called "Sans-culottides," which are the + supplementary days of the republican calendar. + General Clairfait marches towards Cologn (sic), and + passes the Roar (sic). + The French invest Maestricht, and take possession + of Aix-la-Chapelle, Malmedi, and Spa. + Balloons are used by the French to make + observations of their enemy's proceedings. + Twenty-nine waggons loaded with gold and silver, to + the value of 18,359,404 livres are brought to Paris + from Belgium. + The throne of the Elector of Treves is among the + spoils. + 25. A national festival is celebrated at Paris on + account of the evacuation of the French territory + by the enemy. + 27. Crevecoeur surrenders by capitulation to the + French. + 30. The allies still continue to retreat. + Decreed, that all directories and all municipal + bodies of the republic shall be purified; and all + revolutionary committees reorganized. +_Oct_. 1. General Clairfait passes the Rhine. + Keyserslautern taken by the Prussians. + 3. The French enter Juliers. The body of Rousseau + transferred to the Pantheon. + 4. Bommel and Bois-le-Duc surrender to the French. + The garrison of Nimeguen sallies, and kills 2000 + French. + Proclamation of the Prince of Orange, exhorting the + Dutch to resist the enemy in a body (en masse.) + 5. Lyons permitted to resume its name--confiscation, + and massacres are suspended there. + 6. The convention addresses the French people to + acquaint them that henceforward the order of the + day shall be "severe, but not atrocious or + "sanguinary justice." + Pichegru makes himself master of Cologne, Gueldres, + and Cleves. + French soldiers who died this campaign in the + hospitals at Lisle, amount to 47,000. + The English pass the Rhine. The French enter + Bonne (sic). + The chiefs of the royal and catholic armies in + Bretagne make a solemn appeal, to the French + people, to incite them to rally about the standards + of religion and of the King. + The following contributions were levied by the + French in Brabant: + Livres. + + At Antwerp 10,000,000 + Ghent 7,000,000 + Brussels 5,000,000 + Bruges 4,000,000 + Mechlin 1,260,076 + Lierre 500,000 + Oudenarde 500,000 + Ipres 1,000,000 + Alost 4,000,000 + Ostend 2,000,000 + Courtray 3,000,000 + Ath 150,000 + Mons 1,640,875 + Louvain 2,000,000 + Namur 5,000,000 + Huy 126,171 + Total 51,177,122 + + 12. The Russians entirely defeat the Poles under + Kosciusko, and take Warsaw. + The French take Worms; and pass the Rhine. + 20. The British and Dutch defeated on the banks of the + Meuse. + 25. The French take Coblentz and Venloo. + Six thousand young women put in requisition in + Brabant to attend the hospitals. + The states of Holland openly abandon the interests + of the Stadtholder. + Great numbers of emigrants shot at Ipres, Neuport, + and l'Ecluse. + Freron, the journalist, attacks furiously in the + convention the remains of Robespierre's party. + Proclamation by General Washington to check the + buds of rebellion in America. + Assignats burned to the 30th of September last, + amounted to 2,367,000,000 livres. + All public ordinances by the representatives of the + people begin in this form, "The thunder of God: in + "the name of the representatives of the people, it + "is commanded under pain of death, &c." + Address from the court of Madrid to stimulate the + Spanish nation against the French. + Motion by Baraillon to imprison all those who have + had national property conveyed to them under its + value, and those who have laid waste the lands and + houses of emigrants and of condemned persons; and + all those who have misapplied public money. + Decree to abolish the jacobin club. +_Nov_. 4. Rhinfeld surrenders at discretion; Maestricht by + capitulation. + Nimeguen surrenders. + French commissaries proclaim liberty at Martinico. + Billaud Varennes endeavours in vain to revive the + jacobins. + The convention offers full pardon to the rebels of + La Vendee who will lay down their arms and serve + the republic. + Guadaloupe is retaken by the French. + Cambon reports that assignats in circulation amount + to 6,400,000,000 of livres, and the expence of the + present year to 2,200,000,000 livres. + Addresses of congratulation from all parts on the + overthrow of the jacobins. + 17. The Spaniards defeated by the French. + Republican General Dugommier killed. + 20. The Spaniards again defeated--three generals taken. + St. Fernard, Figueras, and Aspaetta, surrender. + 30. Grave surrenders to the French. + Carrier and his bloody accomplices decreed to be in + a state of accusation. + Decreed, that all emigrants be for ever banished + from the republic, their property confiscated, and + their return punished with death. +_Dec_. 1. The French make several unsuccessful attempts on + the side of Mayence, but are repulsed with loss. + 7. Ten members of the revolutionary committee of + Paris, convicted of peculation (sic) and abuse of + power, are condemned to twenty years imprisonment, + and to stand six hours in the pillory at the Place + de Greve, the place of common executions. + The municipality of Nantes forbid all persons to + drink the water of the river Loire, on account of + the infection from the dead bodies which were + victims of Carrier's cruelty. + 8. The seventy-one members who had been proscribed by + Robespierre resume their seats in the convention. + 11. The French pass the Waal, attack the Hanoverians, + and retire. + 12. Utrecht taken by the French. + 19. The Dutch send commissaries to Paris to treat of + peace. + 25. The Austrians retire across the Rhine. The French + pass the Meuse, having taken fort St. Andre. The + Dutch regiments of Hohenloe and Bentinck lay down + their arms. + 26. The English quit Bommel abandoning their artillery. + The law which forbad quarters to the English and + Hanoverians is repealed. + Clundest surrenders to the French. + Loizeroles submits to be imprisoned and to be put + to death in the stead of his son. + 30. The decree of Robespierre revoked, which condemned + those to death who had connection with nobles or + clergy. All his laws decreed to be reviewed, and a + plan proposed of forgiving all revolutionary + crimes. + The French take 120 pieces of cannon, and 1600 + prisoners. + A great fire in the arsenal of Landau. + Pensions decreed to men of letters. + Upon a motion by Clauzel, a prosecution is decreed + against all the accomplices of Robespierre, who is + called "the butcher of the French people." + The British parliament votes almost unanimously for + the prosecution of the war. + Carrier suffers on the scaffold for all his + atrocities. +1795. +_Jan_. 1. The salary of members of the convention raised from + 18 to 36 livres a day. "Keep your 36 livres, (said + "some persons on this subject) but let us have a + "Louis." + The people of Lyons drag about the streets the bust + of Marat, Challier, and Pelletier de St. Fargeau, + who had but lately been objects of their idolatry. + A woman appears at the bar of the convention, + furnished with scythes, by means of which it was + stated that a woman and child could mow five acres + in a day. Honourable mention! + Decreed, that the sovereignty of the people is + inalienable, and that they have a right to chuse + (sic) any form of government except royalty. + 3. The French are dislodged from their position at + Wardenberg by the English and Austrians. + The French attack the British rear-guard. + 9. The whole British army passes the Rhine. + 10. The French army passes the Waal in different points + at the time on the ice, and takes possession of + Thiel. All the rivers of Holland and the Low + Countries are frozen over so as to bear the + heaviest weights, and favour the operations of the + French extremely. + Cambon states the number of livres in circulation + in the form of assignats to amount to + 9,600,000,000; and he proposes a lottery to reduce + the number to four milliards (each one thousand + million). + Mercier makes a bold speech in the convention + against the abolition of religious worship. + 14. The French attack the British along their whole + line from Arnheim to Amerongen. + The Prince of Orange and his son resolve to quit + the Hague. + The states of Holland agree with the French to + deliver up their country to them. The Fleet of + Holland is locked up by the ice, and shares the + fate of the country. + An imposition of one million of livres in specie is + laid upon Liege, and a thousand livres a day for + every day's delay. + Hostages are sent from Liege to Paris. + Utrecht summoned and taken without opposition. + Wurcum, Dorcum, and Dort, taken. + 18. Pichegru sends detachments to take possession of + Leyden, Amsterdam, and the Hague. + The Princess of Orange and her daughter-in-law + depart for England. + Tallien moves in the convention to put to death all + the partizans of the system of terror which covered + France with bastilles and scaffolds. + Breda, Bergen-op-Zoom, Gertruydenberg, and + Williamstadt, open their gates to the French, upon + hearing that Holland was given up. + The French generals require that within the space + of one month Holland shall supply them with 200,000 + quintals [Footnote: 100lbs. each.] of flour, + 1,000,000 of rations of hay, 200,000 rations of + straw, 1,000,000 bushels of wheat, 150,000 pair of + shoes, 200,000 shirts, 20,000 pair of boots, 20,000 + coats and waistcoats, 30,000 pair of breeches, + 150,000 pantaloons, 50,000 hats, and 12,000 oxen. + 28. Duhem is ordered to the Abbaye prison, for saying + that aristocracy and royalism were triumphant. He + is refused admittance, there being no room. + 31. Report on the finances states that the expences of + the last month exceeded the receipt by 218,779,475 + livres. + Dubois Crance, on the state of the republic, + reports, that eleven hundred thousand men are under + arms. +_Feb_. 2. A ship is laid on the stocks at Brest called "the + "Avenger of the Country," intended to carry 136 + guns; 24 feet longer, and 3 feet wider, than any + ever built. + The assembly of the provisionary representatives of + the United Provinces acknowledges the rights of man + and the sovereignty of the people, dismisses the + states-general, abolishes the office of + stadtholder, suppresses the regency of the Hague, + and appoints a new committee of the India company. + A deputation from the people of colour thanks the + convention for liberty granted to the negroes + (sic). + Disturbances at Rouen, and other great cities. + Four presses of false assignats seized at Paris. + Ordered, that deputies be sent to the colonies + beyond the Cape of Good-Hope. + 4. Gouly harangues the convention to inflame it + against England, which has usurped, as he said, a + tyrannic dominion over the sea. + Petitioners appear at the bar, demanding bread. + Zealand capitulates. + The republic of Basle acknowledges the French + republic. + A decree upon religious worship, which seems to + allow it more liberty than of late. + Rovere in full convention charges Syeyes with + having been an instrument and counseller of + Robespierre. + 8. Tumults at the theatres in Paris. + 9. The sections of Paris demand the trial of Barrere, + of Collot d'Herbois, and Billaud Varennes. + 10. The convention ratifies a treaty of peace with + Tuscany. + The administration of Belgium addresses the + convention, desiring an union with France. + 11. Barrere, Collot d'Herbois, and Billaud Varennes, + decreed to be under arrest. + Antwerp informs the convention that 40,000 Belgians + are ready to join the army of the republic, and + give the last blow to the impious coalition of + crowned tyrants. + The convention appoints to the command of its eight + armies Pichegru as commander in chief, Jourdan, + Moreau, Kellerman, Sharer, Moncey, Clancaux, and + Hoche. + 14. Deputies are nominated for the East-Indies. + 16. The Dutch announce that they have begun the great + work of their regeneration. + 17. Decreed, that all letters belonging to Robespierre + be printed. + 19. Suspension of arms between the royalists of La + Vendee and the republicans. + Assassinations at Avignon. + 23. Conferences between Charette and the commissioners + of the convention. + The French bombard Luxemburg. + Emigrants enrolled in London for an expedition to + the coast of France. + The liberty granted to the press gives public + writers an opportunity of expressing their + sentiments boldly of the convention, and of the + revolution. + 27. Charette, Stofflet, and their officers, dine with + the French commissioners. + 28. Charette joyously received at Nantes. + Cambon states that the expences of this month + exceed the revenue by 443,164,974 livres. +_March_ 1. A reward is offered for destroying wolves. + 4. Carnot presents the following description of the + last campaign, viz. 27 victories, of which, 8 were + pitched battles. 120 actions of smaller + importance. 88,000 enemies killed, and 91,000 made + prisoners. 116 places or strong cities taken, of + which 36 were by siege or blockade; 230 forts or + redoubts; 800 pieces of cannon, 70,000 muskets, + 1,900,000 pounds of powder, and 90 stands of + colours, taken by the republic. + Victory of Admiral Hotham in the Mediterranean. + Commotions in Paris for want of provisions. + Eleven persons massacred at Toulon. + Insurrection at Bourdeaux. + The convention has many debates about Barrere and + his associates. + The Dutch are required to give up to the French + republic all the coined money in their possession. + Rouzet tells the convention it is time that France + should resume her rank among civilized nations. + 5. A committee is appointed to prepare a constitution + (the third in five years). + Boursault reports that the war in La Vendee is + extinguished, but that another had broken out, + called that of the Chouans. + Le Sage denounces the wind which blew down the flag + from the convention-hall. + Decreed, that the 71 deputies proscribed by + Robespierre resume their places. + 14. The treaty of peace with the Vendeans read in the + convention, except the secret articles. + Boissy d'Anglas harangues upon the atrocities in + France, which he attributes to royalists. + 17. A committee is appointed to treat with foreign + powers. + Carletti is received as ambassador from the Grand + Duke of Tuscany. +_April_ 1. Tumults in Paris for bread and a constitution. + 2. Tumults continued at Paris and Amiens. + Barrere, Collot d'Herbois, Vadier, and + Billaud-Varennes, condemned to be transported to + Guyana. + 4. Tumults continue. + 5. The King of Prussia makes peace with the republic. + Motion made to discredit the republican calendar as + an act of despotism worthy of Robespierre. Fails + of success. + The convention takes a guard of 554 life-guard men, + and sixty of the artillery. + The newspapers of Paris speak of the convention + with great boldness. + To quiet the people, it is given out that corn is + coming in from all quarters. + Admiral Renaudin receives orders to put to sea. + Baron de Stael is sent as ambassador from the King + of Sweden to engage in friendship and alliance with + the convention. + Rhull ventures to pronounce in the convention an + eulogy on the old monarchy. + The deficit in the last month amounts to + 660,000,000 livres, + Discourse of Thibadeau to inflame republicanism. + Several communes petition for their former churches + and worship; the convention passes to the order of + the day. + Fortier, compiler of the paper called "The + "Political Correspondence" imprisoned for saying + "that if all the monsters who murdered Louis XVI. + were dead, not a Frenchman would shed a tear over + "the tomb of any one of them." + Sylverster, from the tribune, assures the French + people that notwithstanding the scarcity there is + no danger of starving. + Cambon, who had been treasurer three years and a + half, arrested. + The convention grants to the Duchess of Bourbon + relief to the amount of 18,000 livres; about 70l. + according to the value of assignats. + Credit appears to revive; 270 livres in assignats + for the louis. + Patroles (sic) are doubled in Paris; much + apprehension is entertained. + 19. The convention announces peace with the Chouans. +_May_ 1. Decrees severe against emigrants. + Preliminary articles signed between France and + Holland. + Seventy persons massacred in a tumult at Lyons. + On the motion of Dubois Crance, decreed, that three + milliards of assignats be issued. + S. The Spaniards defeated near Figueras. + Motion to permit a loss of two per cent. a month on + assignats. + Vernier, successor to Cambon, states the expence of + the last campaign at 3,000,000,000 in assignats; + and the last month at 738 millions. + 15. An alliance offensive and defensive concluded at + the Hague between France and Holland; the first + article excludes the Stadtholder for ever; the + second assures to France one million of livres for + the expence of the war. + A vigorous action near Mayence. + Great agitation at Naples; several disturbers of + the peace imprisoned. + A deputy complains earnestly against the facility + with which divorces are obtained. + The Sardinians defeated near Mount St. Bernard. + Decreed, that Le Bon be brought to trial charged + with cruelties equal to Carrier's. + Twenty members of the revolutionary tribunal + guillotined. + 20. An alarming insurrection of the people of Paris + against the convention; Ferrand, a deputy, is + massacred at the feet of the president; the + assassin of Ferrand is condemned + 22. to death, but is rescued by the people; the + 23. suburb St. Antoine marches against the convention, + which is in extreme danger and + 24. alarm; divisions take place among the insurgents, + and they lose their force at once. After having + had the advantage some time, the terrorists are + overcome by the moderates. + The convention resumes its deliberations, disarms + the fauxbourgs, decrees the arrest of a great + number of its own members, and orders the immediate + execution of fifty of the chiefs of the + insurrection. + Decreed, that Barrere's transportation be + suspended, and that he be tried again, his sentence + being too mild. + The terrorists rise at Toulon, as at Paris, and are + subdued with much difficulty and bloodshed. + 25. The Chouans, seeing themselves betrayed and + deceived by a phantom of a treaty which had been + held out to them as secure and permanent, again + take up arms. + 28. Rhull blows his brains out. + A petition is presented to the convention demanding + a separation of the supreme powers, as the only + means of guarding against tyranny. + The Spaniards are again defeated by Kellerman. + A camp of 3000 men, chiefly cavalry, formed at the + Tuilleries. + A proclamation of the convention to French seamen + concludes thus, "War, eternal war, against the + "English." + Lanjuinais obtains a decree for freedom of + religious worship. + 31. Decreed, that the revolutionary tribunals, created + May 13, 1793, be suppressed. + Ordered, that the tribunals prosecute the authors + and accomplices of the massacres of Sept. 2, 1792. + The convention, afraid that Barrere's trial should + take up too much time, decrees that he be + transported to Africa. + Among the papers of the jacobins is found an order + of the old committee of public safety to pay + 100,000 livres for printing the correspondence of + that society. + A journalist in Paris ventures to write thus: + "Legislators, do not exhaust your strength and + "genius in discovering that which has been done + "before your time; give us the best government you + "can; consider that the people of France were the + "happiest and the longest so of any people; give us + "the laws we have been used to." +_June_ 1. The commune of Valenciennes deliberates in a full + assembly whether it should continue to acknowledge + the convention; or whether it should not arrest the + representative Lamar. + 5. Dutch ambassadors are received in the convention, + and the treaty of alliance between the republics + ratified. + 6. The Vendeans declare that the treaty with them is + shamefully evaded; and they again take up arms. + Their brave leader Charette publishes a manifesto. + Decreed, that the property of those condemned or + executed since the establishment of the + revolutionary tribunals shall be restored to their + families; except those of Louis Capet, and his + wife, of Philip Egalite, and Madame du Barre (sic). + Decree to apply the palace of Versailles to + national uses. + Assignats burned to this month amount to + 2,623,680,000 livres. + 7. The fortress of Luxemburg, almost impregnable, + surrenders to the French from want of provisions. + 8. Louis Charles, the descendant of 60 Kings, the son + of Louis XVI. whom the royalists acknowledged as + King since the 21st of Jan. 1793, under the name of + Louis XVII. in the eleventh year of his age, + finished his unhappy life and vain reign in the + prison of the Temple, where he had been confined + near three years without communication with any + friend. History alone will hereafter instruct the + world whether or not he died a natural death, as + the convention took great pains to have it + believed. + 11. Decree in favour of those whom the tyranny of + Robespierre caused to fly from the kingdom. + A motion is well received to declare the produce of + the next harvest public property. + General Santerre, long detained in prison, and + released at the death of Robespierre is again + denounced. + Proposed "' to change the odious name of + "revolutionary committee, and to suppress the + "infamous red bonnet, as being only the symbol of + "blood." + 14. The republicans receive a severe check at + Grand-Champ from the royalists. + The law repealed which forbad the wives and + daughters of emigrants to marry foreigners. + The republicans charge the royalists with violating + the late treaty. The latter retort the charge. + The republicans claim the victory of the 14th ult. + The nephew of General Dubois writes a letter full + of invective and gall against the convention. + All sorts of pastry forbidden, on account of the + scarcity of corn. + The decree which declares all assignats, bearing + the King's bust, to be of no value in future, takes + away from private property one milliard, 665 + millions, and 157 thousand livres. + The expence for public instruction amounts to + 300,400,000 livres. + 20. Romme, Goujon, Duquesnoy, Soubrany, Duroy, and + Bourbotte, members of the convention, and active + leaders in the late riots, are executed. + 23. Boissy d'Anglas reads a new constitution, which the + convention proposes to read article by article. + Insurrection at Arras for bread. + The convention orders a school of 200 apprentices + to watch-making. + 26. Bellisle is summoned by the English, and returns a + resolute answer of defiance. + A complete victory obtained over the Spaniards. + 2. The emigrants in England are put under the orders + of Puissaye, and disembark at Quiberon. + The deputies Peyssard and Forrestier condemned to + prison. Prieur de la Marne and Albitte escape + judgment by flight. + The value of a louis-d'or is up to 1000 livres. + All citizens from 16 to 60 commanded to serve in + the national guard; and in their oath to swear + these words, "Hatred against Kings". + Decreed, that murders, which were to be punished + with 20 years imprisonment, shall in future be + punished with death. + A member proposes that the convention should look + back and punish all judiciary assassinations, + abuses of authority, massacres, and arbitrary acts + committed since the 1st of Sept. 1792. The + convention passes to the order of the day, saying, + that such retrospect would involve half of France. + All the members of the revolutionary committee of + Brest are delivered over to the tribunals. + The Vendeans have further successes. + Fresh massacres are committed at Macon. + A section of Paris demands of the convention that + it should efface the inscriptions on the gates of + churches, by which the nation, at the instance of + Robespierre, granted a certificate of existence to + the Supreme Being, and insured immortality to the + soul. + The churches in Paris are opened, and service + performed with great ceremony. + 22. Lord Bridport engages the French fleet, and takes + three sail of the line. + 30. The convention decrees that the daughter of the + late King shall be given up to the Emperor, in + exchange for the commissioners whom Dumourier had + put into the hands of the Austrians. +_July_ 1. The powers of the administrative bodies at Lyons + are suspended, and the mayor ordered to the bar of + the convention. + The "Reveil du Peuple"(awakening of the people), a + new song against the terrorists, is in great vogue. + Lanjuinais proposes to suppress the publication of + the votes of the convention, which costs the nation + 2,300,000 livres annually. + Report of Genissieu in favour of transported + priests. + Tallien and Blad, members of the convention, + ordered to repair instantly as representatives to + the department of La Vendee. + 2. Le Bon, pale and trembling, enters the convention, + and begins his defence: "His crimes (he observes) + "are those of the convention itself, under whose + "orders he acted." + 3. Horrid massacres in the Southern provinces. + Various skirmishes between the French and Austrians + reported. + Bread 16 livres a pound in Paris. + Bloody action at Chatillon between the Chouans and + republicans. + The convention decrees that France is a republic, + one and indivisible. + 6. Le Bon continues his defence. + Bresson asserts that it is impossible to make + France a democratic republic; he votes for a + senate, an executive power, and censors. + A member complains that the rights of man only, and + not the duties of man, are subjects of + consideration. + 14. Anniversary of the French revolution celebrated. + Project of a national tontine. + A loan of a milliard at three per cent. + Lanthenas reads a motion from Thomas Paine, he not + being able to speak French. + Mons. d'Hervilly is wounded near Aurai (sic). + Warm action between the republicans and Chouans + near L'Orient. + Le Bon proceeds with his defence. + Disorders at St. Malo; and at Lyons. + 15. The royalists attack the camp of St. Barb; forced + to retreat. + 16. The Spaniards again defeated. + 17. Le Bon decreed to be in a state of accusation. + Report of a complete overthrow of a Spanish army. + Tumults at the theatres. + France contains 28,000 square leagues of 2280 + toises. Each league contains 3,850 acres (arpents) + which make 105,400,000 acres. Valuing the acres + one with another at 150 livres each, the total + value of the lands would be 15,810,000,000. The + debts of the republic at this time are + 17.500,000,000, and these are secured by the lands; + there is a deficit therefore of 1,690,000,000. + 20. The regiment of Hervilly murders its officers, and + 8oo of them desert, giving the word of order to the + republican general. + The emigrants at Quiberon, being betrayed to + General Hoche, a general attack is made on them, + and almost all are cut to pieces. The brave Count + Sombreuil, after distinguished proofs of generous + gallantry, is taken prisoner. + The prisoners are ordered to Vannes, with General + Sombreuil, the bishop of Dol, and other + considerable persons. + Tallien, in his reports to the convention, states + the loss of the royalists at 10,000 men and that of + the republicans as trifling; his whole report + appears extravagant. + Another victory over the Spaniards is gained by the + republicans. + Peace is concluded with Spain. + Fresh, but unsuccessful, attempts are made to + induce the convention to give up the republican + calendar. + 23. Ordered, that the committee of legislation make a + report upon all the laws relative to divorce. + 28. Read in the convention the treaty concluded at + Basle between France and Spain. + The convention decrees two festivals, one in honour + of the fall of Robespierre, the other of the 10th + of August. + 30. Mons. Querini, ambassador from Venice, arrives at + Paris. + Report of another victory obtained over the + Spaniards the 17th of this month. + A plot discovered at Rome to open the prisons, to + put to death the principal persons of the + government, and burn the houses of the cardinals. + A proclamation from Louis XVIII. to all his + subjects, dated Verona. + The chiefs of the royalist army solicit succours + from the British government. +_Aug_. 1. Motion by La Riviere "to pursue with national + "justice all execrable terrorists". + Comartin, Jarry, Boisgontier, and eight chiefs of + the Chouans, contrary to the faith of the treaty, + are seized and brought up to Paris. + 2. The convention ratifies the peace with Spain. + The laws of divorce suspended. + All the departments make great complaints to the + convention of a scarcity. + 3. The eight chiefs of the Chouans, Comartin, Jarry, + Gazel, la Nourraye, Salignac, Dufour, Boisgontier, + and de la Haye, delivered to the military tribunal. + Disorders at St. Omer's. + The workmen at the wharfs (sic) at Paris refuse to + work without two hundred livres a day wages. + 4. Boudin moves to put an end to the revolution. + 6. The colonies decreed a part of the French empire. + 8. Journalists denounced; several deputies arrested, + among whom is Lequinis. + More deputies denounced; Dupin, Piori, Po, Massieu, + Chaudron, Rousseau, Fourche, and la Planche, + decreed in a state of accusation. + The Count Sombreuil, the Bishop of Dol, and 600 + emigrants, condemned by the tribunal of Vannes to + be shot. + 13. In the prisons of Paris 4413 persons are confined. + Nantes in great distress. + The convention discusses the subject of a + constitution. + A deputation from Belgium demands to be united with + the French republic. + 16. Treaty of friendship between the French nation and + the regency of Tunis. + The convention decrees a new constitution. + The King of Spain ratifies the treaty of peace with + France. + The convention annuls all revolutionary sentences + passed since March 13th, 1793, except those of the + tribunals of Paris. + The emigrants not comprized in the exceptions are + for ever proscribed. + 21. The convention decrees that two-thirds of the + succeeding legislature shall be chosen out of the + present convention. + Violent declamation of Tallien against emigrants + and royalists. + All clubs or popular societies are by the decree of + the convention abolished. + The Count d'Artois lands in England on his way to, + and with the design of forming a junction with, + Charette. + A new mode of preserving corn discovered by a + physician of Montpelier. + 22. Tumults in the theatres of Paris. + The convention brings large bodies of troops into + Paris. + Boissy d'Anglas, presenting a picture of France + triumphant on all sides, and forcing Kings to court + its friendship and alliance, beseeches the + convention to distinguish the last moments of its + existence by acts of beneficence, healing all + wounds, drying up tears, and repairing by the force + of justice those evils which tyrants had brought + upon the world. + 24. Lyons is denounced as attached to royalty. + 25. The constitution is declared to be perfected. + The word _Sans-Culotides_ is excluded from the + calendar. + 28. The section of Mail complains that the capital is + filled with troops. + Treaty of peace between the Landgrave of + Hesse-Cassel and France. + Several sections complain of the number of troops + in Paris, and of the election of two-thirds of the + present convention into the next legislature. + General Montesquieu, and the ex-constituent + Talleyrand Perigord, recalled by a decree into + France. + 30. Much discontent in Paris; the sections make + considerable movements; every thing seems to + forebode an explosion. + 31. The constitution is laid before the people for + their acceptance, and approved of in general; but + the election of two-thirds disliked +_Sept_. 1. Decreed, that the property of transported priests, + which had been confiscated by former laws, shall be + restored to their families. + Decreed, that no minister may officiate in public + or private without having submitted to the laws of + the republic. + Decreed, that Louise Marie Adelaide de Bourbon + Penthievre, wife of Philip Egalite, be restored to + liberty. + 6. Dusseldorff taken by the French; the army of the + Sambre and the Meuse passes the Rhine under General + Jourdan. + The section of the French theatre denounces the + members of the deputation of Paris to the + convention, as authors of the crimes of the 2d of + Sept. 1792, and 31st May 1794. + Decreed, that the relations of emigrants be + excluded from every employment administrative or + judiciary. + Of six thousand three hundred and thirty-seven + primary assemblies, containing 958,226 persons, + 914,800 voted for accepting the constitution, + 41,892 rejected it, (so the convention reports); + consequently it was decreed that the new + constitution is become a fundamental law of the + state. + As to the re-election of the two-thirds--of 270,338 + voters, 167,757 voted for the re-election and + 95,373 against it. + The convention declares the enlargement from prison + of all terrorists who had been imprisoned since the + death of Robespierre. + The committee of marine writes thus to the + convention: "We are going to prepare arms in our + "arsenals and forges against the most perfidious of + "our enemies, against the haughty England, which + "must fall under the efforts of a nation which has + "subdued the rest of Europe." + 20. The army of Pichegru having passed the Rhine near + Manheim, this city surrenders itself to the French + by capitulation, of which one of the articles is, + that the Palatinate shall be considered a neutral + country. + The convention addresses the Parisians, to inform + them that if any attack be made upon the national + representatives, the convention will remove to + Chalons-sur-Maire (sic). The convention, which + never had so much apprehension for its safety, + ordered the republican columns to march to its + defence. + Decreed, that every member of the convention shall + make a declaration of his fortune before, and since + the revolution. + Joubert, representative of the people, writes to + the convention, that the French, since their + passage of the Rhine, have taken 371 pieces of + cannon, 331,000 pounds of powder, and other stores. + Decreed, that Belgium and all the countries which + are, or shall be, conquered from the House of + Austria, shall be incorporated with the French + republic. + The section of Le Pelletier writes severe truths to + the convention. + The salaries settled by the constitution upon the + 750 members of the next legislature, amount to 174 + millions of livres a year. The salary of the five + members of the executive directory amounts to + 20,400,000 livres. + According to the new organization, Belgium and the + county of Liege form nine departments, of which, + the chief towns are Bruges, Ghent, Antwerp, + Brussels, Liege, Maestricht, Mons, Namur, and + Luxemburg. + A funeral ceremony in honour of the victims of + decemviral tyranny. + A famous resolution of 33 sections of Paris is the + cause of a terrible explosion hereafter. + Proclamation of the convention on the danger which + threatens. + An afflicting picture given of the state of the + Southern provinces of France, by a representative + of the people who was an eye witness of it. + The primary and permanent assemblies of Paris + demand of the convention the re-imprisonment of the + terrorists, and enquiry into the conduct of the + committees of government. +_Oct_. 5. An extraordinary fermentation agitates all Paris. + A civil war is ready to break out. The clashing of + arms, the general beating of drums, and the cannon, + are heard on all sides. Several bloody engagements + take place between the sections and + conventionalists. Two thousand dead bodies lie in + the streets. The party of the convention, by the + aid of the troops of the line and of a formidable + artillery, defeats the insurgents. + Execution and proscription of the chiefs and movers + of the insurrection. + Tallien renews his motion to transport all those + who did not like a republican government. + The Count d'Artois, under convoy of Sir John + Warren, takes possession of l'Isle Dieu (sic). + A French squadron of six sail of the line falls in + with a valuable British convoy from the + Mediterranean, and captures the Censeur, a 74 gun + ship, and several merchantmen. + Vernier, the organ of the committee of finances, + proposes to substitute money made of some metal in + the place of 18 milliards of assignats in + circulation. + The inhabitants of Versailles supplicate the + convention to take into consideration the sad state + of their commune. + A horrible picture is laid before the convention of + massacres in the South; the banks of the Rhone and + of the Durance are said to be covered with dead + carcases, upon which the dogs are feeding. + Garnier de Saintes addresses from the tribune the + royalists of France. "Insects," (says he) "return + "to your nothingness; ye shall perish, whilst we + "shall be masters of the world, with which we will + "share our fortune and our liberty." + Tallien prophesies, that before three months a + counter-revolution will be effected; and he + therefore advises his colleagues to make their + political testament. + Thibadeau immediately accuses Tallien of all the + calamities of the revolution. + Clairfait and Wurmser compel the French to repass + the Rhine precipitately, and obtain great + advantages over them. + Baudin, the organ of the committees of government, + proposes to the convention to adopt a plan of a + general amnesty for any act regarding the + revolution, excepting always the banished priests, + the emigrants, the fabricators of forged assignats, + and the assassins of the South. + As to the punishment of death, it is not to be + abolished till peace be established. + 24. Rewbell pretends that the new government cannot + establish itself but by calling in the assignats, + and substituting an augmentation of taxes. + The convention, having proclaimed an amnesty, + declares its sittings at an end; and to make up the + 500 members who are to remain, it constitutes + itself into an electoral body. + Le Bon is condemned to death by the criminal + tribunal of Amiens. + The colonists of St. Domingo, who are at Paris, + nominate their deputies to the new legislature. + 26. From the 12th to the end of this month the + Austrians continue without ceasing to pursue the + French, and to destroy them in great numbers. + +CHAPTER IV. + + THE new legislature, or fourth assembly of the + French, enters upon its office. It is composed of + a legislative body of 500 members; of a council of + ancients 250; of an executive directory of 5 + members; and of 6 ministers, viz. for the interior + department, for the war, for justice, for the + admiralty, for foreign affairs, and for finances. + The five members of the executive directory are, La + Reveillere, le Paux, la Tourneur, Carnot, Rewbell, + and Barras; all ex-deputies of the national + convention. +_Nov_. The legislative body is employed in discussing a + decree passed in the last sitting of the + convention, which imposed a tax of six milliards on + the landed property, and two milliards upon + industry. + The criminal tribunal acquits Gen. Menon, suspected + of having taken part in the, rebellion of the + sections. + The depreciation of assignats is at this time so + great, that a pair of shoes costs 300 livres, a + yard of cloth 3000, a bushel of potatoes 120, a + pound of bread 40, a pound of coffee and of sugar + 175, a pound of candles and of soap 80 livres each; + a louis-d'or is worth 4,600 livres. + The executive directory obtains a grant of three + milliards, to be at its discretion distributed + among the different offices. + The subsistence of Paris not being assured, it is + decreed, that 250 quintals (each 100lbs. weight) be + levied on the departments bordering on Paris. + The Cape of Good-Hope is taken by the English. + The trial of Comartin, one of the chiefs of the + Chouans, occupies at present the military tribunal, + and all Paris. + The republican generals, and many deputies of the + convention are implicated in this affair. + A ship full of emigrants, among whom are the Duke + de Choiseul and the Count de Montmorency, is driven + by a tempest into Calais. They are given up to the + criminal tribunal of that city. + Besides the sum above granted to the executive + directory, twenty-one millions more are allowed to + them. Thirty millions more added for the expences + of the legislative body. + 23. Public and formal audiences are given by the + executive directory to foreign ambassadors. + Insurrection of 15,000 peasants in the Velay. + Manheim is taken by the Austrians; 394 pieces of + cannon are found in it. + Worms and Spires are retaken by the Austrians. + Decreed, that the executive directory may sell the + moveable or personal property of the republic, (le + mobilier) even to the timber in the national + forests. +_Dec_. According to the report upon the finances, the + arrears due amount to 3,500,000,000 livres; the + debt to the national bank is 31,000,000 in specie, + and 7,500,000 in specie to foreigners. + The service of the next month requires + 20,220,000,000 in assignats. + Letter from the directory to the legislative body + declaring, that the state is in the most calamitous + situation; that the springs of government are + almost broken, that the public treasure is + exhausted, and that they are threatened with evils, + which may overwhelm the republic. + Decreed, that a forced loan shall be levied of + 600,000,000 in specie upon a million of citizens. + It is computed that by means of three hundred + millions in specie, thirty milliards of assignats + will be taken out of circulation. In this forced + loan assignats are to be taken at one per cent. + A motion is made to sell Compiegne, Fontainbleau, + Chantilly, Ramboullet, Meudon, St. Germaine, St. + Cloud, Choisy, Vincennes, and the wood of Boulogne. + The legislative body decrees 1500 millions for the + service of the armies. + Boissy d'Anglas proposes to restrain the liberty of + the press. + The city of Deux-Ponts taken by the French under + General St. Eyr (sic). + The supplying Paris alone with provisions costing + 350 millions every ten days, the directory + acquaints the legislative body that the funds + granted for that purpose are exhausted. + Decreed, that the directory shall nominate all the + judges not elected by the primary assemblies. + All the ministers agree in declaring that every + thing is lost, if haste be not made in procuring + funds. + Merlin of Douai, minister of justice, writes to all + the criminal tribunals, to perform their duty with + energy towards the emigrants, against whom the + republic had sworn eternal war till death. + New successes of the republicans in Italy. + The Austrians continue to obtain advantages over + Pichegru and Jourdan. + Gronville, envoy from the republic to Copenhagen, + is threatened with recall if his Danish Majesty + does not acknowledge the French republic. + Cambon, to exculpate himself from charges of + misconduct, publishes an account, setting forth, + that during forty-four months of his administration + there were issued only 11,578,056,623 livres in + assignats, and in the ten months and a half after + him there were issued 17,852,226,000 livres in + assignats. + + + +Judgment and Execution of + +LOUIS XVI. KING OF FRANCE; + +WITH A LIST OF THE + +_Members the National Convention_, + +Who voted for and against his Death. + +AND + +THE NAMES OF MANY OF THE MOST CONSIDERABLE SUFFERERS +IN THE COURSE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, +DISTINGUISHED ACCORDING TO THEIR PRINCIPLES. + +THE THIRD EDITION. + +BY H. GOUDEMETZ, +_A French Clergyman, Emigrant in England_. + + +TO THE TRULY HUMANE AND BENEVOLENT, WHOSE LIBERALITY THE AFFLICTED +STRANGER HAS SO LARGELY EXPERIENCED, THIS LITTLE PUBLICATION, +HONOURED WITH THEIR PATRONAGE AND PROMOTED BY THEIR MUNIFICENCE, +is, IN TESTIMONY OF THE GRATITUDE WITH WHICH HIS HEART OVERFLOWS, +MOST THANKFULLY AND RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED, + +BY THEIR EVERLASTINGLY OBLIGED AND DEVOTED HUMBLE SERVANT, + +H. GOUDEMETZ, + +****** + +JUDGMENT + +AGAINST + +LOUIS XVI. + + +IN the National, Convention of France, [Footnote: N.B. In this +Convention, 76 were ex-nobles; between 50 and 60 ex-priests; the rest +consisted of lawyers, merchants, husbandmen, and a great number of +artisans, men who had no property, but what they acquired by spoil +from the rich.] on the 17th, 18th, and 19th days of January, 1793, +the three following questions were successively put to the vote. + +QUESTION THE FIRST. + +Is LOUIS guilty or not? + +Of the 745 members of the Convention, 20 were absent, 5 sick, 27 gave +modified opinions, 693 voted in the affirmative. + +President "I declare in the name of the National Convention LOUIS +"CAPET to be found guilty of a conspiracy against the liberty of the +"nation, and of an attempt to disturb the public security." + +QUESTION THE SECOND. + +_Shall the sentence to be passed upon LOUIS be referred to the +sanction of the people?_ + +The result of the _appel nominal_ on this question was; 3 sick; 20 +absent; 10 refused to vote; 283 voted for, and 424 against it. + +President "I declare in the name of the National Convention, that its +"sentence shall not be submitted to an appeal to the people." + +QUESTION THE THIRD + +_What punishment shall be inflicted upon LOUIS?_ + +The _appel nominal_ for the definitive sentence, by DEPARTMENTS. + +****** + +[Editor's note: The decisions of the members of the convention are +given Department by Department and the list is followed by an +alphabetical list of the members with the page number on which each +appears. For this reason it has been decided that the page numbers +of the original publication should be shown from this point.] + +****** + +N.B. The first column expresses the name and quality of the voters; +the second, the manner in which they gave their votes; in the third, +those who voted for death absolutely are distinguished by the mark +; +those for death with restrictions as to the time, by the letter D; +those for detention, banishment, &c. by the letter O; absentees (a); +not voted, by (nv); sick by (m); the fourth column shows the fate +or punishment of many of the members; A signifying _assassinated_; +G _guillotined_; I _imprisoned_; M _massacred_; P _proscribed_ and S +_suicides_. + +****** + +Page 151 + +1. HAUTE GARONNE (TOULOUSE) + +Mailhe Death...............................................+ +Delmas Death...............................................+ +Projean Death...............................................+ +Peres "We are a Political body, and not a court of + "justice; we cannot make ourselves, judges without + "becoming despots. I vote for confinement + "(_reclusion_) and afterwards banishment."..........O +Julien Death...............................................+ G +Cales Death...............................................+ +De Sacy Death, with respite (avec sursis)...................D +Mazade "I do not think I have power to judge; I am for + "confinement."......................................O +Rouzet Detention...........................................O I +Drulhe Detention...........................................O + +2. GERS (AUSCH) + +La Plaigne Death...............................................+ I +Montaut Death...............................................+ I + +Page 152 + +Descamps Death...............................................+ I +Dubarran Death...............................................+ I +La Guire Death...............................................+ +Cappin Detention...........................................O +Jehon Death...............................................+ +Bousquet Death, with discussion as to the time...............D +Moysset Detention...........................................O I + +3. GIRONDE (BOURDEAUX) + +Vergniault Death...............................................+ G +Gensonne Death...............................................+ G +Guadet Death, with respite.................................D PG +Jay Death...............................................+ +Ducos Death...............................................+ G +Gazeau Death...............................................+ +De Leyre Death...............................................+ I +Fonfrede Death...............................................+ G +Grangeneuve "Although many Of my colleagues have manifested + "sentiments ill agreeing with the impartiality of a + "court of judicature; and have employed all + "possible means of influence, in order to extort + "from the national convention a sentence of death; + "I vote for confinement only." .....................O G + +Page 153 + +Du Plantier Death, with respite.................................D +La Caze Confinement and banishment..........................O G +Bergoin Confinement.........................................O + +4. L'HERAULT (MONTPELLIER) + +Cambon Death...............................................+ I +Bonnet Death...............................................+ S +Rouyer Death...............................................+ I +Viennet "An accumulation of power being monstrous, I + "declare myself incompetent to give any other + "sentence than for confinement."....................O +Fabre Death...............................................+ +Curee Confinement or deportation..........................O +Cambaceres Death, in case of invasion only.....................O +Brunel Confinement.........................................O +Castillon Confinement and banishment..........................O P + +Page 154 + +5. ISLE ET VILAINE (RENNES) + +Pastoret Dead during the appeal. +Duval Death...............................................+ +Sevestre Death...............................................+ +Chaumont Death...............................................+ +Lanjuinais "We have no right to put to death a vanquished + "enemy. I vote for confinement or banishment.".....O P +Beaugeard Death...............................................+ +Dubignon Confinement.........................................O +Mauxel Confinement until we have peace.....................O +Fermont "As a man, I do not think I have a right to take + "away the life of another. As a legislator, I + "never will vote for death."........................O I +Le Breton "If two-thirds of the votes were required, I might + vote for death."....................................O I +Obelin Confinement and banishment..........................O I + +Page 155 + +6. INDRE (CHATEAUROUX) + +Thibaut Death...............................................+ +Le Jeune Death...............................................+ +Pepin I am deputed only to make laws......................O +Porcher Confinement and banishment..........................O +Derazey Confinement.........................................O I +Boudin Confinement or deportation..........................O +Mainville Confinement.........................................O G + +7. INDRE ET LOIRE (TOURS) + +Gardien "I fear neither factions nor robbers, their + "menaces shall never prevail on me; I think + "myself free, because I have no fear. Detention."..O G +Nioche Death...............................................+ +J. Dupont Death...............................................+ +Ruelle Death...............................................+ +Pottier Death...............................................+ + +Page 156 + +Isabeau Death...............................................+ +Bodin "A sacrifice of human blood can never be the, + "foundation of liberty. Consequently I vote for + "banishment.".......................................O +Champigny Confinement or deportation..........................+ +Vigee Confinement or banishment...........................O G + +8. ISERE (GRENOBLE) + +Baudran Death...............................................+ +Real "I have no doubt but that if the people were + "consulted, they would choose the mildest + "punishment. I therefore must in consequence + "give my vote for detention.".......................O +Genevois Death...............................................+ +Charrel Death...............................................+ +Amar Death...............................................+ I +Genissieu Death...............................................+ +Servonat "Let my vote expose me or not to abuse or menaces, + "I pronounce boldly for confinement or + "banishment.".......................................O + +Page 157 + +Prunelle de +Lierre "The National Convention ought to consult only + "justice. I therefore give my opinion for + "banishment.".......................................O +Vaublanc Detention.......................................... O +Boissieu "Not having the commission of a judge, I do not + "consider myself as qualified to apply penal + "laws.".............................................O + +9. JURA (ST. CLAUDE) + +Grenot Death...............................................+ I +Prost Death...............................................+ +Laurenceot "Notwithstanding the menaces which have been + "thrown out, I vote for detention.".................O I +Amyon Death...............................................+ I +Ferroux Death...............................................+ I +Bonguyode "Is it not time, that the blood of Frenchmen + should cease to flow? I vote for perpetual + "imprisonment.".....................................O +Vernier Confinement.........................................O P + +Page 158 + +Babey Confinement or banishment...........................O I +Le Montey Confinement.........................................O + +10. LES LANDES (DOL) + +D'Artigoyte Death...............................................+ P +Dires Death...............................................+ +Ducos l'aine Death...............................................+ G +Gadroy "I will not, like others, invoke the penal code, + "since we have lost sight of those wholesome forms + "that were instituted for all citizens. Besides, + "I do not think, that we have a right to inflict + "the punishment of death; nor does the interest of + "my country require it."............................O +Saurine "My constituents have not deputed me to be a + "criminal judge."...................................O +Le Franc Confinement or banishment...........................O + +Page 159 + +11. LOIRE ET CHER (BLOIS) + +Brisson Death...............................................+ +Foussedoire Death...............................................+ I +Chabot Death...............................................+ G +(ex capuchin) +Fressine Death...............................................+ +Le Clerc "The punishment of death being an outrage against + "humanity, and my powers not being unlimited, I can + "vote only for detention."..........................O +Vanaille Death...............................................+ +Gregoire Absent by commission................................a + +12. HAUTE LOIRE (PUY) + +Raynault Death...............................................+ +Delcher Death...............................................+ +Flageas Death...............................................+ +Faure Death...............................................+ I +Bonnet +_fils_ Death...............................................+ +Barthelemy Death, with discussion as to the time...............+ D +Camus Absent by commission................................a I + +Page 160 + +13. LOIRE INFERIEURE (NANTES) + +Chaillon "I have not been deputed to exercise the functions + "of a jure. I hold my commission from good men, + "who are enemies of tyranny and of every + "accumulation of power."............................O +Le Fevre Confinement or banishment...........................O I +Meaulle Death...............................................+ P +Millinet Confinement or banishment...........................O +Villiers Death...............................................+ +Jarry Confinement.........................................O I +Fouche Death...............................................+ +Coustard Banishment..........................................O G + +14. LOIRET (ORLEANS) + +Delaguelle Death...............................................+ +Lombard-la Death...............................................+ +-chaux + +Page 161 + +J. B. Louvet Death...............................................+ P +Leonard Death...............................................+ I +-Bourbon +La Boissiere Death with respite..................................D G +Garan-Coulon "I maintain that liberty cannot subsist with this + "usurpation of power. Tyranny is always there, + "where some men are above the laws, and others + "below them.".......................................O +Le Page "Nature has impressed upon my heart an invincible + "aversion to the shedding of blood. My opinion is, + "that one man has not a right to condemn another + "man to death.".....................................O +Guerin "I cannot prevail upon myself to put to death a + "vanquished enemy.".................................O P +Gentil Confinement.........................................O +Pelle Confinement.........................................O + +15. LOT (CAHORS) + +Cledel Death...............................................+ +St. Andre, Death...............................................+ I +_noble_ + +Page 162 + +Mont Mayan Death...............................................+ +Delbret Death, with respite.................................D +Cavaignan Death...............................................+ +Alboys "The fear of poignards has no influence upon + "my heart. No man can be punished but by virtue + "of some law antecedent to the offence."............O +Ansy Confinement.........................................O E +Boygnes Confinement.........................................O +Salleles Confinement.........................................O +Cayla Absent through sickness.............................m + +16. LOT ET GARONNE (AGEN) + +Vidalot Death...............................................+ +Paganel Death...............................................+ +Boussion Death...............................................+ +Fournel Death...............................................+ +Claverie "I cannot pronounce upon the fate of Louis but + "according to the constitution. Now the + "constitution speaks only of the forfeiture of + "the crown."........................................O + +Page 163 + +Gayet-la +-Prade "Not to oppose the constitution to the penal code, + "I choose rather to vote for confinement."..........O +Noguer "Having examined my conscience as a public man, I + "give my opinion for detention."....................O +Laurent Confinement.........................................O +Laroche Confinement or banishment...........................O +Dorisy Confinement.........................................O + +17. LA LOZERE (MENDE) + +Random Death...............................................+ I +Servierre Death...............................................+ +Monestier Death...............................................+ +Barrot "As the death of Louis does not appear to me to + "be necessary, or even useful to the republic, + "I vote for detention.".............................O +Aubert Confinement.........................................O +Pellet Absent by commission................................a + +Page 164 + +18. MAINE ET LOIRE (ANGERS) + +Choudieu Death...............................................+ I +De l'Aulnay Death...............................................+ G + l'aine +Le Paux Death...............................................+ P +Le Clerc Death...............................................+ +Perard Death...............................................+ +De. +Houilliere "I am not a judge; I am merely a legislator. + "Consequently I can vote only for detention.".......O +D'Andenac Confinement.........................................O + l'aine +D'Andenac Confinement or deportation..........................O + le jeune +Pilastre Banishment..........................................O +De l'Aulnay Confinement.........................................O + le jeune +Le Maignan Confinement.........................................O + +Page 165 + +19. LA MANCHE (COUTANCES) + +Le Moine Death...............................................+ +Ribet Death, with respite.................................D +Le Tourneur Death...............................................+ +Le Carpentier Death..............................................+ +Bonnesoeur Death...............................................+ +Laurence Death...............................................+ +Havin Death...............................................+ +Hubert Death...............................................+ +Gervais +-sauve "If the people had been willing to accumulate + "upon my head the various functions of accuser, + "juryman, and legislator, the burthen would have + "been above my strength. I vote for confinement."..O +Pinel I vote freely for detention.........................O +Poisson Banishment..........................................O +Engerrand Confinement.........................................O +Bretel Confinement.........................................O + +Page 166 + +20. LA MARNE (RHEIMS) + +Prieur Death...............................................+ I +Thuriot Death...............................................+ I +Ch. Charlier Death...............................................+ +De la Croix Death...............................................+ G + de Constant +De Villers Death...............................................+ +Armonville Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Drouet, Death...............................................+ I +_maitre_ +_de postes_ +Vatelier Death...............................................+ +Poulain Confinement.........................................O +Blanc Banishment..........................................O I + +21. LA HAUTE MARNE (LANGRES) + +Guillardin Death...............................................+ +Monnel Death...............................................+ + +Page 167 + +Roux Death...............................................+ +Valdruche Death...............................................+ +Rousseau Death, with discussion as to the time...............D +La Loi Death...............................................+ +Wandelin + -court "I except against myself (_je me suis recuse_) + "as judge; therefore I can vote only for + "confinement, as a measure of general safety."......O + +22. MAYENNE (LAVAL) + +Bissy, Death...............................................+ + le jeune +Esne Death...............................................+ I +Du Rocher Death...............................................+ +Enjubaut Death...............................................+ I +Serveau Death...............................................+ +Villars "As the stability of a republic does not depend + "upon the life, or death of a single individual, + "and killing a tyrant is the last resource of + "tyranny, I vote for confinement."..................O + +Page 168 + +Le Jeune "The law of death not being applicable to the + "case before us, I abstain from pronouncing + "judgment of death."................................O +Plaichard +-chottiere Perpetual confinement...............................O + +23. LE MEURTHE (NANCY) + +Malarme Death...............................................+ +Levasseur Death...............................................+ +Bonneval Death...............................................+ +Salle "My opponents have said, Do not appeal to the + "people, because the people would not vote for + "death; but for my part I wish not to vote, but + "as the people would do."...........................O PG +Molveau "Convinced that the day, on which the head of + "Louis should fall, would probably be that of + "the establishment of a new tyranny; and + "apprehensive that his death would be for France, + "what that of Charles 1. was for England, I give + "my opinion for confinement or banishment.".........O + +Page 169 + +Lalande Confinement and banishment..........................O +Zangiacomi Confinement and banishment..........................O +Michel Confinement and banishment..........................O + +24. LA MEUSE (VERDUN) + +Pons Death...............................................+ +Moreau "The safety of the state does not appear to me to + "require the death of Louis; I am for banishment."..O +Roussel "Far from being dangerous, I think it sound + "policy to let Louis live.".........................O +Baroche "The judiciary power being no part of my + "commission, I vote for confinement."...............O + +Page 170 + +Harmand "I cannot bring the punishment from the penal, + "code, since you have discarded all the forms + "of it. I am therefore for banishment."............O +Marquis "I am for provisional confinement.".................O +Tocquot Confinement and banishment..........................O +Humbert Confinement and banishment......................... O + +25. MORBIHAN (VANNES) + +Lequinio Death...............................................+ +Audrein Death...............................................+ +Le Hardy "Farewell to the liberty of my country, if we are + "to be every thing at once. No! we are not judges. + "The death of Kings has never been salutary to + "liberty. If the convention were to judge, I + "should wish to see at least sixty of its members + "excluded. I am for confinement."...................O G + +Page 171 + +Corbel "A measure of safety is preferable to a rigorous + "application of the law. I therefore vote for + "provisional confinement."..........................O +Gillet "Inaccessible to fear, I assert that capital + "punishment is useless and dangerous. + "Perpetual confinement."............................O M +Le Mailland Confinement and banishment..........................O +Michel Confinement and banishment..........................O +Rouault Confinement.........................................O I + +26. LA MOSELLE (METZ) + +Anthoine Death...............................................+ +Bar Death...............................................+ +Nentz Death...............................................+ I +Thirion Death...............................................+ I +Becker "Neither the menaces with which this tribune has + "resounded, nor those puerile fears, with which + "people have sought to fill us, shall make me + "act contrary to my Sentiments, which is for + "confinement and banishment.".......................O + +Page 172 + +Merlin Confinement.........................................O +Couturier Absent on commission................................a +Blaux Confinement.........................................O I + +27. LA NIEVRE (NEVERS) + +Saustrault Death...............................................+ +Damrobe Death...............................................+ +Le Fiot Death...............................................+ +Guilrault Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Legendre Death...............................................+ +La Planche Death...............................................+ +Jourdan "The punishment of death is contrary to my + "principles. I cannot put a fellow-creature to + "death."....................................... ....O G + +Page 173 + +28. NORD (DOUAY) + +Merlin Death...............................................+ +Duhem Death...............................................+ I +Cochet Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Fockedey Confinement.........................................O +Senault Death...............................................+ P +Carpentier Death...............................................+ P +Pryese Death...............................................+ +Sallengros Death...............................................+ +Poultier Death, with discussion as to time...................D G +Aoust Death...............................................+ G +Gossuin Absent upon commission..............................a + +29. OISE (BEAUVAIS) + +Couppe Death...............................................+ I +Calon Death...............................................+ + +Page 174 + +Isore Death...............................................+ +Ch. Villette Confinement and banishment..........................O M +Delamare Confinement or banishment...........................O I +Massieu, +_eveque +intrus_ Death...............................................+ P +Cloots. +_Baron_ +_Prussien_ Death...............................................+ G +Portier Death, with respite.................................D +Bezare Death...............................................+ +Bourdon Death...............................................+ P +Godefroy Absent upon commission..............................a + +30. L'ORNE (ALENCON) + +Valaze Death...............................................+ G +La +Hosdiniere Death...............................................+ +Desrouais Death...............................................+ +Dubois Death...............................................+ +Beaupre Death, with respite.................................D +Colombel Death...............................................+ +Thomas "If the enemy invade our territories, I vote for + "death; otherwise for detention."...................O +Dugue +d'assey "Having never been able to satisfy that I could + "be both legislator and judge at once, I vote for + "detention."........................................O I + +Page 175 + +Fourney "The constitution has not inflicted the + "punishment of death upon Kings who may be guilty + "of conspiracy. I am therefore for confinement + "and banishment."...................................O + +31. DEPARTMENT DE PARIS + +Robespierre "The tyrant has deserved death. I vote for + l'aine "death."............................................+ G +Avocat d'Arras +Danton, +_avt_. "I vote for death"..................................+ G +Collot +d'Herbois, +_comedian_ Death...............................................+ B +Billaud Va +-rennes Death...............................................+ B +Cam. +Desmoulins Death...............................................+ G +_journaliste_ +Marat, Death...............................................+ A +_journaliste_ +La +Vicomterie Death...............................................+ I +Legendre, +_butcher_ Death...............................................+ + +Page 176 + +Raffron Death...............................................+ +Panis Death...............................................+ I +Serjeant Death...............................................+ P +Robert Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Freron Death...............................................+ +Beauvais Death, with discussion as to time...................D G +Fabre +d'Eglantine, Death...............................................+ G +_journaliste_ +Osselin Death...............................................+ G +Robespierre + le jeune Death...............................................+ G +David, +_artiste_ Death...............................................+ I +Boucher Death...............................................+ +Laignelot Death, with discussion as to time...................D I +Thomas Confinement.........................................O +Manuel "Laws of blood ought not to be among the + "principles of a republic. The right of death + "belongs only to nature. Louis is laid low + "upon the ground; it is too easy to kill him, + "for me to give the blow."..........................O G +Dussault "A man may be, in my opinion an excellent patriot, + "without putting to death his fallen enemy. I vote + "for confinement and banishment."...................O P + +Page 177 + +D'Orleans, + called + Egalite "My conscience tells me that Louis deserves death." + G + +32. PAS DE CALAIS (ARRAS) + +Garnet Death...............................................+ +Duquesnoy Death...............................................+ S +Le Bas Death...............................................+ S +Guffroy Death...............................................+ +Bollet Death...............................................+ +Varlet "I vote for detention, because the nation ought + "not to be influenced by sentiments of revenge."....O +Enlard "My conscience points it out as my duty to have + "nothing to do with the penal code. I am for + "confinement and banishment.".......................O + +Page 178 + +Dannon "The experience of those nations, who have put + "their King to death, proves the contrary of + "what you hope for. I am for confinement and + "transportation."...................................O +Personne Confinement and banishment..........................O +Tho. Payne Confinement and banishment..........................O I +Magniez Confinement and banishment..........................O + +33. PUY DE DOME (CLERMONT) + +Couthon Death...............................................+ G +Gibergues Death...............................................+ I +Maignet Death...............................................+ +Romme Death...............................................+ S +Soubrany Death...............................................+ G +Rudelle Death...............................................+ +Monestier Death...............................................+ +La Loue Death...............................................+ +Blanval Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Du Laure Death...............................................+ P +Bancal "The thirst of vengeance and of blood is found + "only in individuals and factions; but never in a + "great nation. I think, besides, that the + "majority of French citizens would not vote for + "actual death. A legislator ought to resist all + "private passions which surround him, to brave + "with firmness every danger, and to obey nothing + "but his conscience and his reason. I am for + "detention."........................................O I + +Page 179 + +Girot + -pouzol Confinement and banishment..........................O +.. +34. HAUTES PYRENNEES (SIC) (TARBES) + +Barrere, +_ex-noble_ Death...............................................+ B +Ferrand Death...............................................+ M +La Crampe Death...............................................+ +Dupont "Behind this mausoleum I see a lion springing + "from his den, and a dangerous enemy substituted + "in the place of a vanquished one. I vote for + "confinement."......................................O +Picque "I am for death; but not till after the cessation + "of hostilities."...................................D +Gertoux Confinement and banishment..........................O + +35. BASSES PYRENNEES (PAU) + +Sanadon, +_eveque +intrus_ "Being a legislator, I am not a judge. I cannot + "vote but for confinement.".........................O P +Pemartin "I am only at liberty to adopt a measure of + "safety, which is, confinement or banishment."......O +Comte "I am for the same punishment as the last + "speaker."..........................................O +Meillant "It Would, in my judgment, be a most mistaken + "measure to cut off that head, which may one + "day become useful. Confinement and + "banishment.".......................................O + +Page 181 + +Casenave "The accumulation of so many inconsistent powers + "appears to me, notwithstanding the paradoxes + "and sophisms which art has invented in the + "course of this proceeding, to be a monstrous + "tyranny, in which I am not willing to bear a + "part. The only punishment applicable to Louis + "is forfeiture of the crown.".......................O P +Neveu "I fulfil my duty in voting for confinement.".......O + +36. PYRENNEES ORIENTALES (PERPIGNAN) + +Montegot Death...............................................+ +Cazanies Death...............................................+ +Biroteau "During the war I vote for confinement; and + "after peace is established, for death."............O G +Guyter Confinement and banishment..........................O I +Fabre Absent through sickness.............................m + +Page 182 + +37. HAUT RHIN (COLMAR) + +Ritter Death...............................................+ +La Porte Death...............................................+ +Joannot Death...............................................+ +Pflieger Death...............................................+ +Dubois "I am not a judge. This character belongs to + "none of us. If we were judges, we should + "perform the duties Of such, and observe forms. + "I am for provisional confinement.".................O +Albert Provisional confinement.............................O +Rewbel Absent through sickness.............................m + +38. BAS RHIN (STRASBOURG) + +Laurent Death...............................................+ +Bentabole Death...............................................+ +Louis Death...............................................+ P + +Page 183 + +Arbogast "I see the security of the republic depends on + "the detention of Louis until time of peace.".......O +Christiani Confinement.........................................O +Dentzell Confinement.........................................O I +Simon Absent upon commission..............................a G +Rhull Absent upon commission..............................a S +Erman Absent through sickness.............................m + +39. RHONE ET LOIRE (LYON) + +Dupuis, fils Death...............................................+ +Dubonchet Death...............................................+ +Pressavin Death...............................................+ +Noel Pointe Death...............................................+ +L'Eveque Death...............................................+ +Chasset "The convention, by its conduct in the violation + "of judiciary forms, has convinced me that it + "does not mean to place itself in the situation + "of a judge. It is therefore not permitted me + "to vote for death. I am for confinement until + "the time of peace."................................O + +Page 184 + +Michel "Reasons of state and of public good make me + "incline to detention.".............................O +Patrin "The existence of Louis is useful; his death. + "dangerous."........................................O +Lanthenas "My opinion is, that Louis deserves death; but + "only in case of a foreign war."....................O I +Eusset Death...............................................+ +Moulin "I vote for death; but not until all the Bourbons + "are expelled.".....................................O +Vitet Confinement.........................................O P +Fournier Confinement.........................................O +Bezaud Confinement and banishment..........................O +Forest Confinement and banishment..........................O + +40. HAUTE SAONE (VESOUL) + +Gourdan Death...............................................+ +Siblot Death...............................................+ + +Page 185 + +Bolot Death...............................................+ +Dormier Death...............................................+ +Vigneron Confinement and banishment..........................O +Chauvier Confinement and banishment........................ .O +Balivet Confinement and banishment..........................O + +41. SAONE ET LOIRE (MACON) + +Carra, +_journal +-iste_ Death...............................................+ G +Gelin Death...............................................+ +Guillermin Death...............................................+ +Reverchon Death...............................................+ +Bodot Death...............................................+ +Guilmardet Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Mailly Death...............................................+ +Montgilbert "If the enemies invade the French territory, then + "only I am of opinion that Louis should die.".......O +Moreau Death...............................................+ +Masuyer Confinement till the peace..........................O PG + +Page 186 + +Bertucat "I cannot judge arbitrarily in this case. + "Perpetual confinement."............................O + +42. LA SARTHE (LE MANS) + +Richard Death...............................................+ +Primaudiere Death...............................................+ +Phelippeau Death...............................................+ G +Boutrone Death...............................................+ +Levasseur Death...............................................+ I +Froger Death...............................................+ +Letourneur Death...............................................+ +Syeyes "Death, (adding) without a word more"...............+ +Salmon "I am for detention; lest the anarchists and + "ambitious find in the death of Louis more food + "for their intrigues."..............................O I +Chevalier "The law does not permit me to pronounce any + "other sentence than forfeiture of the crown."......O I + +Page 187 + +43. SEINE ET OISE (VERSAILLES) + +Lecointre Death...............................................+ I +Bassal Death...............................................+ P +Audoin Death...............................................+ P +Treilhard Death...............................................+ +Tallien Death.............................................. + +Chenier Death...............................................+ G +Royt "I vote for death, but not until after the + "constitution has been ratified."...................O +Mercier "The sentence of death is impolitic and dangerous. + "The phantom of a King may be of marvellous + "service to us. Perpetual confinement."............O P +Kersaint "I do not think myself called forth to pronounce + "a judicial sentence. And if I were a judge, I + "should vote in mercy, and not in hatred. I have + "no notion of a great nation acting from revenge; + "in this struggle the inequality of the parties + "makes it shocking. I am for confinement until + "the time of peace."................................O G + +Page 188 + +Dupuis Confinement.........................................O +Alquier Death, after the peace..............................D +Gorsas, +_journa +-liste_ Detention...........................................O G +Haussman Absent by commission................................a +Herault de +Sechelles, +_avocat +-general_ Absent by commission................................a G + +44. SEINE INFERIEURE (ROUEN) + +Albite Death...............................................+ p +Pocholles Death...............................................+ +Vincent "To condemn Louis to death is to provoke a civil. + "war, to ruin the nation, to overturn the state, + "and to destroy liberty altogether. I am for + "confinement and banishment.".......................O G + +Page 189 + +Bailleul "Consider that before posterity the illusion will + "cease, and the passions will be no more. You + "wish for the happiness of the people, and the head + "of Louis is your security for it. I vote for + "detention."........................................O I +Mariette "I have only the quality of legislator; that of + "judge is inconsistent with it. I vote for + "banishment.".......................................O +Doublet "The evils which the death of Stuart brought upon + "England, make me vote for detention."..............O I +Rualt "It is very strange that people are so earnest to. + "follow the penal code, when they have not + "followed, in the forms of proceeding, any one of + "the articles of criminal legislation. I vote for + "provisional confinement."..........................O P +Faure, +_libraire_ Confinement and banishment..........................O +Bourgeois Confinement and transportation......................O +Hardy, +_medicin_ Confinement and banishment..........................O + +Page 190 + +Yger Confinement and banishment..........................O +Hecquet Confinement and banishment..........................O I +Duval, Confinement and banishment..........................O + _avocat_ +Lefevre, + _juge_ Confinement and banishment..........................O +Blutel Confinement and banishment..........................O I +Delahaye Confinement.........................................O P + +45. SEINE ET MARNE (MELUN) + +Mauduit Death...............................................+ +Tellier Death...............................................+ S +Cordier Death...............................................+ +Bernard "I am for death, but not until after the + "constitution is settled."..........................O +Bailly de "I consider Louis as an hostage necessary to public + Juilly "tranquility. I am for confinement and + "banishment.".......................................O P +Himbert "I have the fullest conviction that I cannot act as + "a judge. You have annulled the high national + "court, and are you not afraid that history will + "accuse you of having usurped a power which did not + "belong to you? I am for confinement and + "banishment.".......................................O + +Page 191 + +De France "Since all judiciary forms are trampled under foot, + "I vote for confinement.............................O +Vigny Confinement and banishment..........................O +Geoffry, Confinement.........................................O + l'aine +Opoix Confinement and banishment..........................O +Bernier Provisional confinement.............................O + +46. LES DEUX SEVRES (NIORT) + +Lecointepuy +-raveau Death...............................................+ +Dubreuil Death...............................................+ I +Cochon Death...............................................+ +L'Official "I declare that I have no power to judge + "criminally.".......................................O +Jard- Confinement and transportation......................O + panviller + +Page 192 + +Anguis Confinement and transportation......................O +Du Chatel Absent through sickness.............................m G + +47. LA SOMME (AMIENS) + +Saladin Death...............................................+ I +Dumont Death...............................................+ +Delecloy Death...............................................+ +Scellier Death...............................................+ +Florent "Although my opinion does not seem to be that which +-louvet "will prevail, I vote for detention."...............O P +Du Festel "My electoral assembly was so far from designing to + "give me a judicial power, that when it nominated + "me a deputy, it appointed two _haut jures_" + [Footnote: They are appointed in every department + to try all causes, civil and criminal."] "at the + "same time. Confinement and banishment."...........O + +Page 193 + +Sillery, "My constituents were not so senseless as to +_noble_ "accumulate upon my head all sorts of powers. I + "vote for banishment................................O G +De Verite "I cannot be accuser and judge in the same cause. + "Confinement and banishment.........................O P +Rivery, Confinement.........................................O +_avocat_ +Gantois Confinement and banishment..........................O +Martin Confinement.........................................O + St. Prix +Asselin, Confinement.........................................O +_avocat_ + +48. LE TARN (CASTRES) + +La Source Death...............................................+ G +La Combe Death...............................................+ + St. Michel +Campmas Death...............................................+ +Gourry "As soon as you shall have voted the expulsion of + "all the Bourbons, I will vote for the death of + "Louis; but not before."............................O + +Page 194 + +Soloniac Confinement and banishment..........................O +Marvejols Confinement and banishment..........................O +Rochegude Confinement and banishment..........................O +Meyer Confinement and transportation......................O +D'Ambermenil Absent by illness...................................m I + +49. LE VAR (TOULON) + +Escudier Death...............................................+ I +Ricard Death...............................................+ I +Charbonier Death...............................................+ I +D'Espinassy Death...............................................+ +Isnard Death...............................................+ P +Roubaud Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Barras Death...............................................+ +Antiboul Confinement.........................................O G + +Page 195 + +50. LA VENDEE (FONTENAY-LE-COMTE) + +Goupilleau, Death...............................................+ P + l'aine +Goupilleau, Death...............................................+ + le jeune +Maignen Death...............................................+ +Fayo Death...............................................+ +Musset Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Garros Death...............................................+ +Gaudin "I cannot imagine that the French people + "delegated to us a despotic power--that is, a power + "to make laws and to apply them. I am for + "confinement and banishment.".......................O I +Girard Confinement and banishment..........................O +Morisson "I do not think that Louis is subject to our + "jurisdiction; therefore I abstain from voting."....nv + +Page 196 + +51. LA VIENNE (POITIERS) + +Piozzy Death...............................................+ +Martineau Death...............................................+ +Ingrand Death...............................................+ +Thibaudot Death...............................................+ +Creuze- "I do not think that men who make laws can order + la-touche "the death of any man. I vote for confinement and + "banishment.........................................O +Creuze- Confinement.........................................O + paschal +Dutroubor- Confinement and banishment..........................O + nier +Bion Confinement and banishment..........................O + +52. LA HAUTE VIENNE (LIMOGES) + +Gay Vernon Death...............................................+ + +Page 197 + +Lesterp "For death, in case of an hostile invasion."........O P + beauvais +Bordas "As a measure of safety, I decide for confinement.".O +Faye "My conscience forbids me to vote for death.".......O +La Croix Confinement and banishment..........................O G +Rivaud Confinement.........................................O +Soulignac Confinement.........................................O P + +53. LES VOSGES (EPINAL) + +Perrin Death...............................................+ +Poulain Death, but not till after the constitution....... O + grand-pre +Souhait Confinement.........................................O +Baland Confinement.........................................O +Couhey Confinement and banishment..........................O +Bresson "Judges prostrate themselves before a law that is + "equal for all, but we have violated equality to + "make an exception against a single individual. + "Judges have a bandage of ice (_bandeau glace_) upon + "their forehead, but hatred against Louis burns and + "devours us. Judges reject severe opinions, but we + "publish with pride the rigour of our judgments. + "Judges mitigate the horror of a condemnation by + "the expression of pity, but our aversion pursues + "Louis even under the axe of the executioner. From + "hence I conclude that we are not judges, and that + "I cannot vote but for confinement."................O I + +Page 198 + +Noel Absent by commission................................a G +Hugo Absent by commission................................a + +54. L'YONNE (AUXERRE) + +Le Pelletier Death...............................................+ A + de St. Fargeau +Maure Death...............................................+ S + +Page 199 + +Herard Death...............................................+ +J. Boileau Death...............................................+ G +Turreau Death...............................................+ I +Bourbotte Death...............................................+ G +Finot Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Precy Death, but not till after the constitution..........O +Chatelain Confinement and banishment..........................O + +55. L'AIN (BOURG-EN-BRESSE) + +Deydier Death...............................................+ +Merlin Death...............................................+ +Gautier Death...............................................+ +Royer Confinement and banishment..........................O I +Mollet Confinement.........................................O + +56. L'AISNE (LAON) + +Quinette Death...............................................+ I +Jean de Brie Death...............................................+ + +Page 200 + +St. Just Death...............................................+ G +Beffroy Death...............................................+ +Petit Death...............................................+ +Fiquet Death...............................................+ +Loisel Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Boucheron Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Condorcet, + _academicien_ "The punishment of death is contrary to my + "principles; I shall never vote for it. I vote + "for the heaviest punishment of the penal code + "which does not amount to death."................* PM +Dupin, "I am of the Same opinion with Monsieur + "Condorcet; that is, I vote for confinement in + "chains."........................................* +Belin "I vote for death only in case of invasion + "by the enemy."..................................O + + [Footnote: * N.B. These two are in the report said + to have voted for chains.] + +Page 201 + +57. L'ALLIER (MOULINS) + +Vidalin Death...............................................+ +Martel Death...............................................+ +Beauchamp Death...............................................+ +Chevalier "I think it my duty not to vote."...................nv + +58. HAUTES ALPES (GAP) + +Izoard Confinement.........................................O +Barety Confinement.........................................O +Borel Confinement.........................................O +Caseneuve Confinement.........................................O I +Serres "My country, my conscience, my love of liberty, + "dictate my vote for detention."....................O + +Page 202 + +59. BASSES ALPES (DIGNE) + +Maysse Death...............................................+ I +Derbes Death...............................................+ + la tour +Savornin Death...............................................+ +Peyze Death...............................................+ G +Verdallin "I vote for detention, because the death of Louis + "would only cause tyranny to revive."...............O +Reguis Confinement and banishment..........................O + + +60. L'ARDECHE (PRIVAS) + +Gleizal Death...............................................+ +Soubeyran "I vote for death, but not till the expulsion of + "all the Bourbons.".................................O + +Page 203 + +Gamon "I am for the same punishment, but in case of + "invasion by the enemy."............................O +St. Martin "I would have Louis live, because the pretensions + "to royalty will be without any danger, so long as + "they shall rest on his head. I am for life and + "confinement."......................................O +Garilhe "Every irrevocable act which is not ratified by the + "people, is void. I am therefore for confinement.".O I +Boissi- Confinement and transportation......................O + d'Anglas +Corin- Confinement and banishment..........................O + Fustier + +61. ARDENNES (MEZIERES) + +Ferry Death...............................................+ +Dubois Death...............................................+ +Robert Death...............................................+ + +Page 204 + +Monesson "I consent to death, provided that you first expel + "all the Bourbons.".................................O +Vermond "If there shall be an invasion, I vote for death."..O +Bodin Banishment..........................................O +Thierrier Perpetual detention.................................O +Blondel Confinement; death in case of invasion..............O + +62. ARRIEGE (FOIX) + +Vadier Death...............................................+ B +Espert Death...............................................+ P +Clauzel Death...............................................+ +Camp Death...............................................+ + Martin +Lakanal Death...............................................+ +Gaston Death, with discussion as to time...................D + +63. AUBE (TROYES) + +Courtois Death...............................................+ +Robin Death...............................................+ + +Page 205 + +Garnier Death...............................................+ +Rabaut "Persuaded that the ashes, from the funeral pile of + St. Etienne "kings, like the ashes of martyrs, only produce + "others; satisfied also that my nation ought not to + "have the ferocity of the tiger which tears to + "pieces, but the courage of the lion which despises, + "I vote for preserving Louis as an hostage."........O G +Perrin Confinement and banishment..........................O G +Bonnemain Confinement and deportation.........................O +Douge Confinement and deportation.........................O +Pierret Confinement and deportation.........................O +Duval Confinement and banishment..........................O + +64. L'AUDE (CARCASSONE) + +Azema Death...............................................+ +Girard Death...............................................+ +Bonnet Death...............................................+ +Ramel Death...............................................+ G + +Page 206 + +Morin Confinement.........................................O +Tournier Confinement and banishment..........................O I +Marragon Death...............................................+ +Peries Confinement and transportation......................O I + +65. L'AVEYRON (RHODES) + +Camboulas Death...............................................+ +Jos. Death...............................................+ + la Combe +Seconds Death...............................................+ +Louchet Death...............................................+ +Baux Death...............................................+ +Godefroy- "Eternal justice forbids us to condemn Louis to + Ysarn "to death; because it abhors aggravation, and the + "making of ex-post-facto criminal laws, in order to + "apply them to acts that are past. Now there is no + "written law which inflicts this punishment upon + "Louis for any act, before he was hurled from the + "throne into a prison. I satisfy myself in voting + "for confinement."..................................O + +Page 207 + +St. Martin- Confinement and banishment..........................O + Valogues +Lobines Confinement and banishment..........................O +Bernard Confinement and banishment..........................O + St. Afrique + +66. BOUCHES DU RHONE (AIX) + +Duprat Death...............................................+ G +Rebecqui Death...............................................+ S +Barbaroux Death...............................................+ PS +Bayle Death...............................................+ I +Granet Death...............................................+ P +Gasparin Death...............................................+ G +Rovere Death...............................................+ +Pelissier Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Laurent Death, with discussion as to time...................D + +Page 208 + +Durand "I see more inconvenience in the death of Louis, + Maillane "than in his existence. I vote therefore for + "confinement."......................................O +Du Perret Confinement and banishment..........................O G + +67. CALVADOS (CAEN) + +Bonnet Death...............................................+ +Taveau Death...............................................+ +Jouenne Death...............................................+ +Dubois Death, only in case of invasion.....................O + Dubais +Fauchet +_eveque "The convention has no right to accumulate, to + intrus_ "confound, and to exercise all powers. It is the + "right of tyranny alone. I may be subjected to it, + "but I never will practise (sic) it. I am no + "judge, and therefore can only vote for detention.".O G +Vardon "I declare myself incompetent.".....................nv + +Page 209 + +L'Homond Confinement.........................................O +Doulcet, +_ponte- Confinement and banishment..........................O + coulant_ +Cussy "I do not think that the glory or the interest of + "the French people permit them to strike a + "vanquished enemy. I vote for confinement."........O G +Le Got Confinement.........................................O +Ph. Confinement and banishment..........................O I + Belleville +Dumont Confinement and banishment..........................O + +68. CANTAL (ST. FLOUR) + +Milhau Death...............................................+ +La Coste Death...............................................+ I +Tarrie Death...............................................+ +Peuvergue "My conscience tells me that the death of Louis + "would be prejudicial to the republic."............O +Thibault Confinement and banishment..........................O + +Page 210 + +Meseujac Confinement and banishment..........................O +Chabanon Confinement and banishment..........................O +Jos. Maille Absent with leave...................................a + +69. LA CHARENTE (ANGOULEME) + +Bellegarde Death...............................................+ +Chedanau Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Guinberteau Death...............................................+ +Chazaud Death...............................................+ G +Brun Death...............................................+ +Ribereau Death...............................................+ I +Cuvelier Death...............................................+ +De Vars Confinement and banishment..........................O +Maulde Confinement and banishment..........................O + +70. CHARENTE INFERIEURE (SAINTES) + +Bernard Death...............................................+ I +Nion Death...............................................+ + +Page 211 + +Echasseriaux Death...............................................+ +Breard Death...............................................+ +Ruamps Death...............................................+ I +Lozeau Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Vinet Death...............................................+ +Garnicr Death...............................................+ +Giraud "As a legislator I think it most beneficial that + "Louis should live."................................O +D'Autriche "I declare that my sentiments are subject to no + "undue influence of any sort. So far are we from + "being judges as well as legislators, that you + "decided yesterday that we are not judges; I mean, + "by your resolution, that this question should be + "determined by a simple majority of votes.".........O +De Chezeau Confinement and banishment..........................O G + +71. LE CHER (BOURGES) + +Foucher Death...............................................+ +La Brunerie Death...............................................+ + +Page 212 + +Peltier Death...............................................+ +Alasseur "What says history? Caesar was assassinated, and + "had a successor. The English sacrificed their + "tyrant, and returned to their chains. Rome + "banished her kings, and had liberty. I am for + "banishment.".......................................O +Baucheton Confinement.........................................O +Dugene Confinement.........................................O + +72. LA CORREZE (TULLES) + +Brival Death...............................................+ +Lannot Death, with discussion as to time...................D I +Borie Death...............................................+ I +Chambon Death...............................................+ G +Lidon Death...............................................+ S +Penieres Death...............................................+ +Lafond "I think it my duty to abstain from voting." .......nv + +Page 213 + +73. CORSE (_Corsica_) (BASTIA) + +Salicetti Death...............................................+ +Chiappe "Having nothing to do with the application of + "punishment. I consider only the security of my + "fellow citizens, which is the supreme law; in a + "word, I am for detention.".........................O +Andree "The punishment for Louis can be no other than that + "of forfeiture."....................................O +Bansio "I flatter myself that I shall deserve well of my + "country in voting for detention."..................O +Peraldi Confinement and banishment..........................O +Casabianca Provisional confinement.............................O +Mottedo Confinement.........................................O + +74. COTE D'OR (DIJON) + +Bazire Death...............................................+ G +Guyton- Death...............................................+ + morveau + +Page 214 + +Prieur Death...............................................+ P +Oudot Death...............................................+ +Treilhard Death...............................................+ +Guyot Death, with discussion as to time...................D +Berthier Death...............................................+ +Lambert "That I may not accumulate all functions, I think + "it is my duty to abstain from pronouncing any + "juridical (sic) punishment.".......................O +Marcy "The convention may set itself up for a jury; but + "it can be only to judge the crime, and not the + "criminal. To pass a definitive judgment upon + "Louis is, in my opinion, an outrage against the + "definitive will of the nation. To pronounce + "sentence of death, is an usurpation of the right + "of the Sovereign. I will not be a judge--I + "cannot, and I ought not to be one. + " Representatives of the people! You have + "destroyed the despot; suffer the man to live. Let + "him drag in captivity a groveling life. You are + "the depositaries of French honour. Europe has her + "eyes upon you. Posterity is advancing. It will + "judge you, and its voice will pass through ages." .O + +Page 215 + +Rameau "It is not in your power to give me the quality of + "judge, which I have not received from the + "sovereign. Accordingly I do not think myself + "bound by this monstrous decree." ..................O + +75. COTES DU NORD (ST. BRIEUX) + +Londe Death...............................................+ +Couppe "Of the two punishments proposed to be inflicted on + "Louis, I choose the mildest, that is detention."...O +Champeaux "My constituents have deputed me to make laws, and + "not to judge.".....................................O + +Page 216 + +Guyomard "The re-union of all powers characterises + "despotism, whether it be in an individual, or in a + "body of men. It is bad policy to multiply the + "number of our enemies fourfold, and to lavish the + "blood of our brethren. Shall we then, by + "punishing Louis, augment the list of victims still + "more? I vote for confinement.".............. .....O +Gondelin "I am not afraid of menaces. I am ready to + "sacrifice my blood for my country. I vote, + "according to my conscience, for detention."........O +Gautier, Perpetual confinement...............................O + le jeune +Fleury Perpetual confinement...............................O I +Giraud Perpetual confinement...............................O + +76. LA CREUSE (GUERET) + +Huguet Death...............................................+ I +Guyes Death...............................................+ + +Page 217 + +De Bourges "In my capacity as legislator, I am unwilling to + "deliberate and to give my vote upon the question, + "what punishment shall be inflicted on Louis."......O +Tenier "As history teaches, that from the ashes of one + "king another springs up, I vote for detention."....O +Coutisson Confinement.........................................O +Jaurand Confinement.........................................O +Baraillon, Provisional confinement.............................O +_physician_ + +77. LA DORDOGNE (PERIGUEUX) + +La Marque Death...............................................+ I +Pinet Death...............................................+ +Lacoste Death...............................................+ +Taillefer Death...............................................+ P +Peussard Death...............................................+ I +Allafort Death...............................................+ +Lambert Confinement.........................................O + +Page 218 + +Bouquier Death...............................................+ +Roux- Death...............................................+ + fazillac +Meynard "My reason tells me, that I cannot both make and + "apply the law; it tells me, that I cannot destroy + "the effect of the law, in order to substitute my + "own will in its place; it tells me in short, that + "the blending of powers is too arbitrary for the + "government of a free people, and that I ought not + "to vote, but (as a measure of public safety) for + "provisional confinement." .........................O + +78. DOUBS (BESANCON) + +Michaud Death...............................................+ +Vernety Death...............................................+ +Monnot Death...............................................+ +Besson Death...............................................+ + +Page 219 + +Guyrot "I do not condemn Louis to death, because, when I + "open the penal code, I see that other forms were + "necessary, other judges, and other principles. + "I am for confinement.".................... ........O +Seguin Confinement, and banishment.........................O + +79. LA DROME (ROMANS) + +Julien Death...............................................+ I +Santeyra Death...............................................+ +Boisset Death...............................................+ +Jacomin Death...............................................+ +Collaud de Death, in case only of invasion.....................O + la Salcette +Fayolle "I have never been satisfied that the convention + "should set itself up for a court of justice. + "Confinement."......................................O I +Martinet Confinement.........................................O +Marbos Confinement.........................................O +Gerente Confinement.........................................O + +Page 220 + +80. L'EURE (EVREUX) + +Lindet, Death...............................................+ + l'aine, +_eveque + intrus_ +Buzot Death...............................................+ P +Duroy Death...............................................+ G +Bouillerot Death...............................................+ +Lindet Death...............................................+ + le jeune +Richou "Foreseeing that the death of Louis will be the + "source of bitter misfortunes, I should regard + "myself as unworthy the name of citizen, if I voted + "for his punishment. Confinement and banishment."..O P +Le Marechal "That I may not be reproached with having swerved + "from my mission, and with having set an example of + "the most monstrous tyranny, I vote for + "confinement."......................................O + +Page 221 + +Vallee "I am for provisional confinement, and for death in + "case the French territory be invaded.".............O I +Savary Confinement.........................................O I +Topsent Confinement.........................................O + +81. L'EURE ET LOIRE (CHARTRES) + +La Croix Death...............................................+ +Brissot Death...............................................+ G +Pethion, Death...............................................+ PM +_maire de + Paris_ +Le Sage Confinement.........................................O P +Loiseau Death, with delay...................................+ +Chales Death...............................................+ P +Fremenger Death...............................................+ +Giroust "Having no power to vote but as a legislator, I am + "for detention."....................................O I +Bourgeois Confinement.........................................O + +Page 222 + +82. FINISTERRE (QUIMPER) + +Boham Death...............................................+ +Blad Death...............................................+ I +Guernoi Death...............................................+ +Guermeur Death...............................................+ +Gommaire "Considering the past events which I have seen, + "considering the present events which I now behold, + "and considering those future events which I + "apprehend, I am of opinion that the life of Louis + "is of more value to the republic than his death."..O +Marce Confinement and banishment..........................O +Queince Confinement and transportation......................O +Kervelegan "I am of the same opinion as the last.".............O +Kleber Confinement.........................................O + +Page 223 + +83. LE GARD (NISMES) + +Jal Death...............................................+ +Leyris Death...............................................+ +Vouland Death...............................................+ P +Chazal, Death...............................................+ I + fils +Tavernel "Death, but not until after the ratification of the + "constitution.".....................................O +Aubry The same............................................O P +Rabaut- The same............................................O G + pommier +Balla Confinement.........................................O + +The Names of the above-mentioned Voters in alphabetical order. + +_N.B. The figures refer to the page_. + +Alasseur 212 Baudran 156 Bolot 185 Carpentier le 165 +Albert 182 Bansio 213 Bonguyode 157 Carpentier 173 +Albite 188 Baux 206 Bonnemain 205 Carra 185 +Alboys 162 Bazire 213 Bonnesoeur 165 Casabianca 213 +Allafort 217 Bayle 207 Bonnet 153 Caseneuve 201 +Alquier 188 Beauchamp 201 Bonnet 208 Casenave 181 +Amar 156 Beaugeard 154 Bonnet 159 Castillon 153 +Ambermeuil 194 Beaupre 174 Bonnet 205 Cazanies 181 +Amyon 157 Beauvais 176 Bonneval 168 Caze 153 +Andree 213 Becker 171 Bordas 197 Cavaignan 162 +Andre (St.) 161 Beffroy 200 Borel 201 Cayla 162 +Anguis 192 Belin 200 Borie 212 Chabanon 210 +Ansy 162 Bellegarde 210 Boucher 176 Chabot 159 +Antiboul 194 Belleville 209 Boucheron 200 Chales 221 +Anthoine 171 Bentabole 182 Boudin 155 Chaillon 160 +Aoust 173 Bezaud 184 Bouillerot 220 Chambon 212 +Arbagast 183 Bergoin 153 Bouquier 218 Champeaux 215 +Armonville 166 Bernard 190 Bourbotte 199 Champigny 156 +Artigoyte D' 158 Bernard 210 Bourdon 161 Charbonier 194 +Asselin 193 Bernard St. Bourdon 174 Charlier 166 +Aubert 163 Afrique 207 Bourgeois 189 Charrel 156 +Aubry 223 Bernier 191 Bourgeois 221 Chasset 183 +Audoin 187 Berthier 214 Bourges (de) 217 Chatelain 199 +Audrein 170 Bertucat 186 Bousquet 152 Chaumont 154 +Aulnay de l' 164 Besson 218 Boussion 162 Chauvier 185 +Aulnay de l' 164 Bezere 174 Boutrone 186 Chaux (la) 160 +Azema 205 Billaud Va- Boygnes 162 Chazal 223 + B. rennes 175 Breard 211 Chazaud 210 +Babey 158 Bion 196 Brisson 159 Chedanau 210 +Bailly de Ju- Biroteau 181 Breson 197 Chenier 187 + illy 190 Bissy 167 Bretel 165 Chevalier 186 +Baland 197 Blad 222 Breton (le) 154 Chevalier 201 +Bailleuil 189 Blanc 166 Brissot 221 Chiappe 213 +Ballivet 185 Blanval 178 Brival 212 Choudieu 164 +Balla 223 Blaux 172 Brun 210 Christiani 183 +Bancal 178 Blondel 204 Brunel 153 Claverie 162 +Bar 171 Blutel 190 Brunerie (la) 211 Clauzel 204 +Baraillon 217 BOdin 156 Buzot 220 Cledel 161 +Barbaroux 207 Bodin 204 C. Clerc (le) 159 +Barety 201 Bodot 185 Cales 151 Clerc le) 164 +Barras 194 Boham 222 Calon 173 Cloots 174 +Barrere 179 Boileau 199 Cambaceres 153 Cochet 173 +Baroche 169 Boisset 219 Cambon 153 Cochon 191 +Barrott 163 Boissi-D'An- Camboulas 206 Cointe-pui +Barthelemy 159 glas 203 Campmartin 204 -raveau (le) 191 +Bas (le) 177 Boissiere la 161 Campmas 193 Cointre (le) 187 +Bassal 187 BOissieu 157 Camus 159 Collau de la +Baucheton 212 Bollet 177 Cappin 152 Salcette 219 + +Collot Derasey 155 E. Gamon 203 + d'Herbois 175 Descamps 152 Echasseriaux 211 Gantois 193 +Colombel 174 Desmoulins 175 Egalite 177 Garan +Combe (la) 206 Despinassy 194 Enlard 177 -coulon 161 +Combe St. Desrouais 174 Engerrand 165 Gardien 155 + Michel (la) 193 Devars 210 Enjubault 167 Garilhe 203 +Condorcet 200 Deydier 199 Ermann 183 Garnier 205 +Comte 180 Dires 158 Escudier 194 Garnier 211 +Corbel 170 Dorisy 164 Esni 167 Garnot 177 +Cordier 190 Dormier 185 Espert 204 Garros 195 +COrinfustier 203 Doublet 189 Eusset 184 Gasparin 207 +Coste (la) 209 Douge 205 F Gaston 204 +Couhey 197 Doulcet 209 Fabre 153 Gaudin 195 +Couppe 173 Drouet 166 Fabre 181 Gautier 199 +Couppe 215 Drulhe 151 Fabre d'Eg - Gautier 216 +Courtois 204 Dubarran 152 lantine 176 Gayet 163 +Coustard 160 Dubibgnon 154 Fauchet 208 Gayvernon 197 +Couthon 178 Dubois 174 Faure 189 Gazeau 152 +Coutisson 217 Dubois 182 Faure 159 Gelin 185 +Couturier 172 Dubois 203 Faye 197 Genevois 156 +Crampe (la) 179 Dubois-Du- Faye 195 Genissieu 156 +Creuze-la- bais 208 Fayolle 219 Gensonne 152 + Tonche 196 Dubouchet 183 Fermont 154 Gentil 161 +Creuze-pas- Dubreuil 191 Ferrand 179 Gerente 219 + chal 196 Duchatel 192 Ferry 203 Geoffroy 191 +Croix (de la)166 Ducos 152 Ferroux 157 Gertoux 180 +Croix (la) 197 Ducos 158 Fevre (le) 160 Gervais-fauve 165 +Croix (la) 221 Dufestel 192 Finot 199 +Curee 153 Dugene 212 Fiot (le) 172 Gibergues 178 +Cussy 209 Dugue-dassy 174 Figuet 200 Gillet 171 +Cuvelier 210 Duhem 173 Flageas 159 Girard 195 + D. Dumont 192 Fleury 217 Girard 205 +Damrobe 172 Dumont 209 Florent-lou- Girot-pou-zol 179 +D'Andenac 164 Duperret 208 vet 192 +D'Andenac 164 Dupin 200 Fockedey 173 Giraud 211 +Dannon 179 Duplantier 153 Fonfrede 152 Giraud 216 +Danton 175 Dupont 155 Forest 184 Giroust 221 +David 176 Dupont 179 Fouche 160 Gleizal 202 +D'Autriche 211 Duprat 207 Foucher 211 Godefroy 174 +Debrie 199 Dupuis 183 Fournel 162 Gommaire 222 +De Chezeau 211 Dupuis 188 Fourney 175 Goudelin 216 +Delamare 174 Duquesnoi 177 Fournier 184 Goupilleau 195 +Delbret 162 Durand-mail- Foussedoire 159 Goupilleau 195 +Delaguelle 160 lane 208 Franc (le) 158 Gourdan 184 +Delcher 159 Duroy 220 France (de) 191 Gorsas 188 +Delahaye 190 Dussault 176 Fremenger 221 Goussuin 173 +Delecloy 192 Dutroubour- Freron 176 Gourry 193 +Delmas 151 nier 196 Fressine 159 Granet 207 +Dentzell 183 Duval 154 Froger 186 Grangeneuve 152 +Derbes-la- Duval 190 G. + tour 202 Duval 205 Gadroy 158 Gregoire 159 + +Grenot 157 Jeune (le) 155 Loiseau 221 Mellinet 160 +Guadet 152 Jeune (le) 167 Loisel 200 Mercier 187 +Guerin 161 Joannot 182 L'onde 215 Merlin 172 +Guermeur 222 Jourdan 172 Lozeau 211 Merlin 173 +Guernoi 222 Jouenne 208 Louchet 206 Merlin 199 +Guffroy 177 Julien 151 Loue (la) 178 Meyer 194 +Guillardin 166 Julien 219 Louis 182 Meynard 218 +Guillermin 185 Just (St.) 200 Louvet 192 Meseujac 210 +Guilmardet 185 K. Louvet 161 Michaud 218 +Guilrault 172 Kersaint 187 M. Michel 169 +Guinberteau 210 Kervelegan 222 Maignen 195 Michel 171 +Guire (la) 152 Kleber 222 Maignan (le) 164 Michel 184 +Guyes 216 L. Magniez 178 Milhan 209 +Guyomard 216 Lacoste 217 Maignet 181 Moine (le) 165 +Guyot 214 Laignelot 176 Mailhe 151 Mollet 199 +Guyrot 219 Lakanal 204 Maille 210 Molveau 168 +Guyter 181 Lafond 212 Mailland Mounel 166 +Guyton-mor- Lambert 214 Durand 218 Monnot 218 + veau 213 Lambert 217 Mailland (le)171 Moneson 204 + H. Lalande 169 Maillv 185 Monestier 163 +Hardy 189 Lanjuinais 154 Mainville 155 Monestier 178 +Hardi (le) 170 Lannot 212 Maysse 202 Montant 151 +Harmand 170 Lanthenas 183 Malarme 168 Montegot 181 +Hauffmann 188 Laroche 163 Manuel 176 Montey (le) 158 +Havin 165 Laurence 165 Marat 175 Montgilbert 185 +Hecquet 190 Lauranceot 157 Marbos 219 Montmayan 162 +Herard 199 Laure (du) 178 Marce 222 Moreau 185 +Herault de Laurent 207 Marcy 214 Moreau 169 + Sechelles 188 Lefevre 190 Marechal (le)220 Morin 206 +Himbert 190 Lecointre 187 Mariette 189 Morisson 195 +Homond L' 209 Lecointe- Marque (la) 217 Mottedo, 213 +Hosdiniere 174 puyraveau 191 Marquis 170 Moulin 184 +Houilliere de164 Laurent 182 Marragon 206 Moysset 152 +Hubert 165 Laurent 163 Martel 201 Musset 195 +Hugo 198 Legendre 172 Martin St. 203 N. +Huguet 216 Legendre 175 Martin St. Nentz 171 +Humbert 170 Legot 209 Prix 193 Neveu 180 + I./J. LequiniO 174 Martin St. Nioche 155 +Ingrand 196 Lesterp- valogues 217 Nion 210 +Isabeau 156 beauvais 196 Martineau 196 Noel 198 +Isnard 194 Letourneur 186 Martinet 219 Noel pointe 183 +Izoard 201 L'Eveque 183 Marvejols 194 Noguer 163 +Izore 174 Levasseur 168 Massieu 174 0. +Jacomin 219 Levasseur 186 Mauduit 190 Obelin 154 +Jal 223 Leyris 223 Maure 198 Official (L') 191 +Jard pan- Leyze (de) 152 Mauld 210 OpOiX 191 + viller 191 Lidon 212 Mauzel 154 Osselin 176 +Jarrv 160 Lindet 220 Marade 151 Oudot 214 +Jaurand 217 Lindet 220 Masuyer 185 P. +Jay 152 Lobines 207 Meaulle 160 Paganel 162 +Jehon 152 Loi (la) 167 Meillant 180 Page (le) 161 + +Panis 176 Primaudiere 186 Ruamps 211 Thomas 174 +Pastoret 154 Projean 151 Ruelle 155 Thomas 176 +Padrin 184 Prost 157 Rudelle 178 Thuriot 166 +Paux (le) 164 Prunel 157 S. Tocquot 170 +Payne 178 Pryese 173 Sacy (de) 151 Topsent 211 +Pelissier 207 Q. Sage (le) 221 Tournier 206 +Pelle 161 Queince 222 Saladin 192 ToUrneur le 165 +Pellet 163 Quinette 199 Salicetti 213 Treilhard 187 +Pelletier, le 198 R. Salle 168 Treilhard 214 +Peltier 212 Rabaut pom- Salleles 162 Turreau 199 +Pemartin 180 mier 223 Sallengtos 173 V. +Penieres 212 Rabaut St. Salmon 186 Vadier 204 +Pepin 155 Etienne 205 Sanadon 180 Valaze 174 +Perard 164 Raffron 176 Savornin 202 Valdruche 167 +Peraldi 213 Rameau 215 Santeyra 219 Vallee 221 +Peres 151 Ramel 205 Saurine 159 Valogues 207 +Peres 206 Randon 163 Savary 221 Vardon 208 +Perrin 197 Raynault 159 Saustrault 172 Varlet 177 +Perrin 205 Real 156 Scellier 192 Vatelier 166 +Personne 178 Rebecqui 207 Seconds 206 Vaublanc 157 +Pethion 221 Reguis 202 Seguin 219 Venaille 159 +Petit 200 Reverchon 185 Senault 173 Vergniault 152 +Peussard 217 Rewbell 182 Serjeant 176 Verdallin 202 +Peuvergne 209 Ribereau 210 Serres 201 Virite (de) 193 +Peyz 202 Ribet 165 Serveau 167 Vermond 204 +Pflieger 182 Ricard 194 Serviere 163 Vernety 218 +Phelippeaux 186 Richard 186 Servonat 156 Vernier 157 +Picque 180 Richou 220 Sevestre 154 Vicomterie +Pierret 205 Ritter 182 Siblot 184 (la) 175 +Pilastre 164 Rivaud 197 Sillery 193 Vidalin 201 +Pinel 165 Rivery 193 Simon 183 Vidalot 162 +Pinet 217 Rhull 183 Soloniac 194 Vicunet 153 +Piozzy 196 Robert 176 Soubeyran 202 Vigneron 185 +Plaichart Robert 203 Soubrany 178 Viguy 191 + chottiere 168 Robin 204 Souhait 197 Villars 167 +Plaigne (la) 151 Robespierre 175 Soulignac 197 Villiers (de)166 +Planche (la) 172 Robespierre 176 Source (la) 193 Villers 160 +Pocholles 188 Roche-gude 194 Syeyes 186 Villette 174 +Poisson 165 Rocher (du) 194 T. Vigee 156 +Pons 169 Romme 178 Taillefer 217 Vincent 188 +Porcher 155 Rouault 171 Tallien 187 Vinet 211 +Porte (la) 182 Roubaud 194 Tarrie 209 Vilet 184 +Portier 174 Rovere 207 Taveau 208 Vouland 223 +Potrier 155 Rousseau 167 Tavernel 223 W. +Poulain 166 Roussel 169 Tellier 190 Wandelin +Poulain grand Roux 167 Tenier 217 -court 167 + Pre 197 Roux-fazillac 218 Thibaut 155 Y. +Poultier 173 Rouzet 151 Thibault 209 Yger 190 +Precy 199 Rouyer 153 Thibaudot 196 Ysarn Godf. 206 +Pressavin 183 Royer 199 Thierrier 204 Z. +Prieur 166 Royt 187 Thirion 171 Zangiacomi 169 +Prieur 214 Rualt 189 + +****** + +RESULT OF THE THIRD SCRUTINY. + +PRESIDENT VERGNIAULT. + +"CITIZENS! + + "I am going to pronounce the sentence of rigour against Louis. +"When justice has spoken, humanity should then make her voice heard. +"I intreat the members and the tribune to observe profound silence. +"The assembly is composed of 745 members: 1 of these is dead--6 are +"sick--2 absent without assigning any reason--11 are absent with +"leave--4 have not voted; the total is 24, which, being deducted +"from 745, there remain 721 voters, of whom the absolute majority is +"361. + + "36 are for death, leaving the time of it to be discussed hereafter. + "9 for death, with respite. + "2 for death, after a peace. + "2 for chains. +"319 for confinement. +"366 for death. + +"CITIZENS, + +"The punishment pronounced against Louis is DEATH." + +****** + +THE APPEAL OF LOUIS XVI. + +"I OWE it to my honour, I owe it to my family, not to subscribe to an +"accusation which I have not merited. I declare therefore, that I +"bring an appeal to the nation at large from the judgment passed +"against me; and I give to my defenders all necessary powers, in +"order that this present appeal may be inserted in the Journals of +"the Convention." + +Refused! + + +_The_ ADDRESS _of Mons_. DE SEZE, _one of the defenders of the King_, +_to the Convention_. + + "THE ratification by the French people, which Louis demands, +"is the exercise of a natural and sacred right which belongs to +"every person accused; it is the right of every man, and +"consequently of Louis. If we did not prefer this claim in his +"defence, it was because it was not in our power to foresee that the +"National Convention would resolve upon judging him; or, if it did +"judge him, that it would condemn him. We now learn, that the fatal +"decree, which condemns Louis to death, has been carried by a +"majority of five votes only. Permit me, Citizens, to represent to +"you, in the name of humanity, in the name of that sacred principle +"which calls for every mitigation in favour of the accused, that this +"circumstance, so very extraordinary, may well engage you +"voluntarily to accede to the proposed ratification. I demand it in +"the name of justice, in the name of our country, in the name of +"humanity. Exercise your own high powers; but do not astonish France +"by the exhibition of a judgment that must appear terrible, when the +"surprising minority comes to be considered. + + "Citizens, permit me to adjure you once more in the name of +"Louis XVI. and to conclude with suggesting to you, whether, whilst +"you are contending for the security of the nation, and its real +"interest, you will not tremble, when you reflect, that the safety of +"the republic, the Security of the French empire, and the happiness +"of 25 millions of people, may possibly depend upon five votes." + +****** + +FOURTH APPEL NOMINAL. + + + THE object of this fourth appeal was to know whether the +execution of Louis might be deferred; 310 were for respite, and 380 +against it. Thus, by a majority of 70 votes, it was decreed, that +the sentence against Louis XVI. should be executed without delay. + +****** + +THE EXECUTION OF LOUIS XVI. + +21st JANUARY, 1793. + + THE minister of justice and the heads of the administrative +corps, having proceeded to the Temple on Sunday the 20th of January, +about four in the evening, notified to Louis the warrant for his +execution. "I demand," said the King, "a respite of three days to +"prepare myself for appearing before God. To assist me in this work, +"I desire to have Mr. Edgeworth, (an Irish clergyman) with whom I may +"freely communicate. I desire that he may be secured from all +"uneasiness, or apprehension, on account of this charitable office +"which he shall perform for me. I desire to be relieved from that +"perpetual watch which the council-general has set over me for some +"days. I demand in this interval the privilege of seeing my family +"when I shall desire it, and without witnesses. I could also wish, +"that the Convention would, as speedily as may be, set about +"determining the fate of my family, and permit them to see each other +"freely and commodiously, when they shall think proper. + + "I recommend to the liberality of the nation all those persons who +"have been attached to me. Among my pensioners there are many aged +"men, women, and children, who have no other means of subsistence." + + Of all there requisitions Louis obtained only that of seeing his +family without witnesses. It was the first time since his +imprisonment. The interview lasted two hours. It is impossible to +express the horror of the moment, when he was obliged to tear himself +away from them. On his return to his apartment, the King passed a +almost the whole of the night in prayer. He then laid down and slept +a few hours, and early in the morning betook himself again to prayer. + + The 21st of January, at half past eight o'clock, Santerre, the +commandant-general, came to signify to Louis the order for his going +to execution. Having requested three minutes to speak with his +confessor, he then turned to Santerre, and told him that he was ready +to follow him. + + The King crossed the first court of the Temple on foot; he then +entered the coach of Pethion, the mayor of Paris, with his Confessor +and two Gendarmes. His route lay along, the Boulevards, which were +lined with above two hundred thousand men in arms. All the way Louis +was deeply engaged in reading the prayers appointed for persons at +the point of death. + + Being, arrived at the _Place de Louis XV._ which was the place of +execution, about ten o'clock in the morning, he alighted from the +carriage with calmness, took off his clothes himself, remaining in +his white under-waistcoat, untied his cravat, and opened the collar +of his shirt; he then threw himself upon his knees to receive the +last benediction of his Confessor, got up immediately after, and +ascended the scaffold alone. At that moment his Confessor cried out +to him, "Son of St. Louis, you are going up to Heaven!" [Footnote; +Other accounts state, that it was when the King had just prepared +himself for the stroke of the fatal instrument, that Mons. Edgeworth, +his confessor, called out (in the imperative) with a loud voice, +"Enfant de Saint Louis, montez au Ciel." "Son of St. Louis, mount up +"to Heaven."] + +Far from opposing those who came to cut off his hair, and bind his +hands, " Do with me," said he, "what you will, it is the last +"sacrifice." He then made a motion with his hand to obtain +"silence.--"I die perfectly innocent of all the pretended crimes laid +"to my charge--I forgive all those who have had any hand in my +"misfortunes, and I pray that my blood may be of use in restoring +"happiness to France--and you, unhappy people!" ...... + + At these words, the unfeeling Santerre gave orders that the drums +should beat, crying out to the King, "that he had not brought him +"there to declaim, but to die." At that instant his head was severed +from his body! ...... + + The corpse was immediately conveyed to the Magdalene +burying-ground, and thrown into a pit twelve feet deep, into which a +considerable quantity of quicklime was cast. + + It is said, that after crying out, "_Vive la Nation!_" +"_Vive la Republique!_" some volunteers dipped their pikes, and +others their handkerchiefs, in the blood of the victim. One person +alone had the courage to cry out, _Grace_, and was instantly cut down +with a sabre. + + Thus died Louis XVI. King of France and Navarre. He was born the +23d of August, 1754, ascended the throne the 10th of May, 1774, and +reigned eighteen years and three months. + +****** + + The following dates relative to the destiny of this prince have +been brought together and contrasted. + + 21st April, 1770, Marriage of Louis at Vienna, and delivery of the +ring. + + 21st June, 1770, Great rejoicings at Paris on account of his +marriage. + + 21st January, 1772, Festival doings in the city on account of the +birth of the first Dauphin. + + 21st June, 1791, The King's departure, or rather flight to +Varennes. + + 21st September, 1792, Abolition of Royalty. + + 21st January, 1793, Louis beheaded. + +****** + +THE LAST WILL OF LOUIS XV1. + + IN the name of the most holy Trinity, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, +this day, the 25th of December, 1792, I, Louis XVI. by name, King of +France, having been four months shut up with my family in the Tower +of the Temple, at Paris, by those who were my _subjects_, and +deprived of all communication whatever, even, since the 11th of this +month, with my family; being moreover involved in a trial, of which +it is impossible to foresee the issue, on account of the passions of +men, and for which there is no pretence nor motive in any existing +law, having none but God for witness to my thoughts, and to whom I +can address myself, I here declare, in his presence, my last will and +sentiments. + + I leave my soul to GOD my creator; I beseech him to receive it in +his mercy; not to judge it according to its merits, but to those of +our Lord Jesus Christ, who offered himself as a sacrifice to GOD his +Father for us men, unworthy of it as we are, and I more than any. + + I die in the faith of our holy mother the catholic, apostolic, and +Roman Church, which derives her powers in an uninterrupted succession +from St. Peter, to whom Jesus Christ had entrusted them; I firmly +believe and acknowledge all that is contained in the apostles' +creed, the commandments of God, and of the church; the sacraments and +mysteries, such the Catholic Church teaches, and has always taught +them; I never pretended, to be a judge of the different modes of +explaining the dogmas which divide the church of Jesus Christ; but I +have always trusted, and shall always trust, if God grants me life, +to the decisions that the ecclesiastical superiors, together with the +holy catholic church, give and shall give, according to the +discipline of the church since Jesus Christ. I pity with all my +heart our brethren who may be in error, but I do not pretend to judge +them; nor do I love them the less in Jesus Christ, according to what +christian charity teaches us, and I pray God to forgive me all my +sins: I have scrupulously sought to know them, to detest them, and to +humble myself in his presence. Not being permitted to make use of +the ministry of a catholic priest, I pray God to receive the +confession which I have made to him of them; and above all, my +sincere repentance for having put my name (though against my will) to +acts that may be contrary to the discipline and faith of the catholic +church, to which I have always been sincerely and faithfully united. +I pray God to accept my firm resolution, if he grants me life, to +make use as soon as possible of the ministry of a catholic priest, +that I may accuse myself of all my sins, and receive the sacrament of +penance. I beseech all those whom I may have inadvertently offended, +(for I do not remember to have knowingly given offence to any person) +and those to whom I may have given bad examples, or caused scandal, +to forgive the injuries they think I may have done them. + + I implore all charitable persons to join their prayers to mine, to +obtain from God the pardon of my sins; I, with all my heart, forgive +those who are become my enemies, although I have not given them any +reason to be so; and I beseech God to forgive them, as well as those +who, through a false or mistaken zeal, have brought many misfortunes +on me. + + I recommend to God, my wife and children; my sisters, my aunts, my +brothers, and all those who are attached to me, either by the ties of +blood, or in any other way whatever. I particularly beseech God to +cast a merciful eye on my wife, my children, and my sister, who have +long suffered with me, to support them by his grace, if they should +happen to lose me, and as long as they remain in this perishable +world. + + I recommend my children to my wife; I never doubted her maternal +tenderness for them. I above all recommend to her to make them good +christians, and honest people; to make them consider the grandeurs of +this world (if they be condemned to possess them) only as dangerous +and perishable possessions, and to direct their attention to +Eternity, the only solid and durable glory. I beg of my sister to +continue her tenderness to my children, and to be a mother to them, +if they should have the misfortune of losing her who is such. + + I intreat my wife to forgive me all the afflictions she suffers +for my sake, and the sorrows I may have given her in the course of +our union; as she may be certain that I have no fault to find with +her, even where she may think she has cause to reproach herself. + + I earnestly recommend to my children, after what they owe to God, +(which is the first of all duties) to live always in harmony with one +another, to be submissive and obedient to their mother, and grateful +to her for all the care and trouble she takes for them out of regard +to my memory. I desire them to consider my sister as their second +mother. + + I recommend to my Son, if he has the misfortune to become King, to +remember that he owes himself entirely to his fellow citizens; that +he must forget all hatred and resentment, and particularly all that +relates to the misfortunes and afflictions that I endure; that he can +only make the people happy by reigning according to the laws, but at +the same time, that a King cannot make himself respected, and do all +the good he wishes, without having the necessary authority; and that +otherwise, being restrained in his operations, and not inspiring +respect, he is rather hurtful than useful. + + I recommend to my son to take as much care of all those persons +who were attached to me, as the circumstances he may be in will allow +him; to recollect that it is a sacred debt which I have contracted +towards the children or the relations of those who have died for me, +and those who suffer for my sake. I know that there are several +persons among those who ought to have been attached to me, who have +not acted towards me as they ought, and have even been ungrateful +towards me; but I forgive them, (often in time of trouble and +confusion, men are not masters of themselves) and I beg my son, if he +finds the opportunity, to think only of their misfortunes. + + I wish I could here give a testimony of my gratitude to those who +have shown a true and disinterested affection for me. If, on the one +hand, I have been sensibly affected with the ingratitude and +disloyalty of those, to whom I had shewn at all times only kindness +to them, their relations, or friends; on the other hand, I have had +the consolation to receive proofs of disinterested affection and +regard from several others. I beg them to accept my best thanks. + + In the present state of things, I should fear to expose them if I +spoke more explicitly; but I particularly recommend to my son to +embrace every opportunity of discovering them. + + Nevertheless, I think I should wrong the national feeling, if I +were not openly to recommend to my son Messieurs De Chamilly and Hue, +whose sincere affection for me induced them to shut themselves up +with me in this melancholy abode, and who ran the risque (sic) of +being the unfortunate victims of their attachment. I also recommend +Cleri, with whose attentions I have had all reasons to be satisfied +ever since he has been with me. As he is the person who has remained +with me to the last, I request Messieurs de la Commune to give him my +clothes, my books, and the other trifles which have been deposited at +the Council of the Commune. + + I also very willingly forgive those who guarded me, for their ill +treatment, and the constraint which they thought necessary to keep me +under. I have found some feeling and compassionate minds; may they +enjoy in their hearts the pleasure that their turn of thinking must +afford them. + + I request Messieurs De Malsherbes, Tronchet, and De Seze, to +receive my best thanks, and assurances of my gratitude for all the +care and attention they have shown me. + + I conclude with declaring before GOD, being ready to appear before +him, that I cannot reproach myself with any of those crimes that have +been laid to my charge. + + Made and copied in the Tower of the Temple, the 25th of December, +1792. + + (Signed) LOUIS. + + And undersigned BEAUDRAIS, Municipal Officer. + +****** + +A LIST +OF MANY OF THE +MOST CONSIDERABLE SUFFERERS +UNDER THE +FRENCH REVOLUTION + +Note. The letter R at the head of a name Signifies Revolutionary; +D means doubtful, i.e. a character not fully known; L signifies +Loyalist, and an innocent victim. The letters at the end of a name +signify A assassinated; I imprisoned; G guillotined; M massacred; +P proscribed; S suicide. + +L De Favras, knight of the order of St. Louis G +R De Clermont-Tonnere, mareschal of France, ex-constituent; that + is, member of the first national assembly M +L De Clermont-d'Amboise, cordon bleu; i.e. knight of the Holy + Ghost G +L D'Halouville, sub-governor of the dauphin M +L Le Vicomte de Maille, mareschal-de-camp M +R Le Due de la Rochefoucault, ex-constituent M +L Le Vicomte de Broves, colonel, ex-constituent M +L The celebrated Durosoy, compiler of the Paris Gazette G +L Delaporte, intendant of the civil list G +L L'Abbe Rastignac, an author and ex-constituent M +L L'Abbe Lenfant, preacher to the King M +L The prisoners of the Convent des Carmes, to the number of 140 M +L The prisoners of l'Abbaye St. Germain, to the number of 162 M +L The prisoners in seminary of St. Fermin, to the number of 92 M +D The prisoners in the Hotel de la Force, 167 M +D The prisoners of the Grand Chatelet, 214 M +D The prisoners in the Conciergerie, 85 M +D The prisoners of the Castle of Bicetre, 153 M +L The prisoners of the Cloister of the Bernardins, 73 M +L The prisoners from Orleans butchered at Versailles, 57 M +L Le Comte de Montmorin, minister and secretary of state M +L Dulau, Archbishop of Arles M +L De la Rochefoucault, bishop of Beauvais M +L De la Rochefoucault, bishop of Saintes M +L L'Abbe de Puysegur, vicar-general of Rheims M +L De la Mothe, body-guard of the Count D'Artois M +L The Princess de Lamballe M +L The Marquis de Montmorin, governor of Fontainebleau M +L Delessart, minister and secretary of state M +L The Duke de Brissac, marechal de France M +L The bishop of Mendes M +R Mounier, president of the constituent assembly P +R The two brothers Lameth, ex-constituents P +R All the members _du cote gauche_ of the first assembly, i.e. + those who were originally for the revolution, and distinguished + themselves by sitting on the left side of the hall P + Louis XVI. the object of lamentation to every true Frenchman G +R Basseville, agent of the republic at Rome M +R General Marquis de la Fayette, ex-constituent I +R General Winphen, ex-constituent P +L The Marquis d'Angremont G +L De Blackmann, major of the Swiss guards G +L De Cazotte, a man of letters, upwards of 80 years of age G +R General Montesquieu, ex-constituent P +R The celebrated Count Mirabeau, expelled from the pantheon. + (Depantheonise.) +R Chabroud, advocate to the Duke of Orleans, ex-constituent P +D Le Comte de Tally Tollendal, ex-constituent P +D Le Comte de Cazales, ex-constituent P +D Baron de Beaumarchais, author of Figaro P +L D'Abancourt, minister of war M +R Duperron, administrator of police M +L Thierry, principal valet de chambre of the King M +L Chantraine, master of the wardrobe to the King M +D De Rhuliers, commandant of the household cavalry, (la + gendarmerie a cheval) M +L Dom. Chevreux, general of the benedictines M +L De St. Palaye, counsellor (sic) of the chamber of accompts M +L Maussabre, aide-du-camp to the Duke de Brissac M +R Desmarais, chief in the office of assignats M +R Amelot, director of the Caisse de l'Extra-ordinaire M +R Garat, cashier of the public treasure M +L Hebert, general of the Eudists, (a monastic order) and confessor + to the King M +L Depres, vicar-general of Paris M +L Langlade, vicar-general of Rouen M +L Bonneau, vicar-general of Lyons M +L Defoucault, vicar-general of Arles M +L Defargue vicar-general of Toulon M +L Delubersac, almoner to the King's sisters M +L Turmenyes, grand master of Navarre M +L Comte de St. Mart, colonel M +L Dewittgestein, lieutenant-general and cordon rouge, _i.e._ + commander of the order of St. Louis M +L The Abbe de Boisgelin, agent-general of the clergy of France M +L Thirty Swiss officers M +L De Rohan Chabot, brother of the Prince of Leon M +L Dechamplost, principal valet de chambre of the King M +L Thirty officers of the King's guards M +D Romainvilliers, chef de division M +L Decharnois, a man of letters M +D Delachesnaye, chef de division M +R General Dumourier P +R De Bournonville, minister of war I +R General Dillon M +R The two sons of the Duke of Orleans P +L De Blanchelande, governor of St. Domingo G +R De Perigord, bishop of Autun, first author of the schism in + France P +R Charlotte Corday, who assassinated Marat G +R General Paoli, of Corsica P +R General Custine, ex-constituent G +R The intruding bishop of Ausch P +R General Guetineau G +R General Servan P +R General Biron G +L Marie Antoinette, Queen of France G +R The Duke of Orleans, called Egalite G +R Bailly, ex-constituent and first mayor of G +R Roland minister of justice at the time of the King's trial S +R Madame Roland, his wife G +L Duchesne, intendant of Madame G +R General Houchard G +R General Roule G +L Gilbert Desvoisins, president of the parliament of Paris G +R Ysambert, brigadier-general of the republican army G +D The two brothers Raba, Jews of Bourdeaux, worth a million G +D The mother-in-law, of Pethion, the mayor of Paris G +R General Brunet G +L Delaverdy, comptroller-general of the finances G +L About thirty thousand French gentlemen emigrated. +L Near sixty thousand ecclesiastics transported out of France +R General la Morliere G +L De Berulle, first president of the parliament of Grenoble G +D Harrop of London, a merchant in Paris G +R Barnave, advocate, ex-constituent G +R Duport-dutertre, ex-minister of justice G +R Emmery, president at the time of administering the oath; a jew G +L The Countess du Barry, mistress of Louis XV. G +D The Duke du Chatelet, colonel of the French guards G +R Le Brun, ex-minister of the home department G +D Dietrick, mayor of Strasbourg G +R General Arthur Dillon G +R General Beauregard P +R Garat, minister of the republic G +R Champfort, of the French academy S +R Hydius, depute suppleant, _i.e._ one chosen to supply a vacancy S +R Clavieres, minister of public contributions S +R Luckner, revolutionary marshal of France G +D The son of General Custine, aged 25 years G +R General Stengel P +R Delomenie, archbishop of Sens, _decardinalise_, degraded from + the dignity of cardinal S +L De Champenetre, an officer of the French guards G +R General Ferriere P +D Jolly, ex-minister of finances P +L Boucher d'Argis, lieutenant criminel (sic) Chatelet de Paris G +R General la Vallette P +R General 0-moran P +R General Beauharnois P +R General Ferrand P +R General Landremont P +R General Schomberg G +R General Beysser G +R General Hedonville P +R General Dumesnil P +R General Demars P +R General Barthelemy P +R General Protaux M +L Clery, a person in the King's confidence I +R Anacharsis Cloots, called the orator of mankind G +R Chauvelin, ambassador in England P +R General Duhoux P +L Some thousands of victims at Lyons G +L Similar victims in thousands at Toulon G +L The Countess of Lauraguais G +L The Count of Troussebois, lieutenant-colonel G +L The Prince Jules de Rohan I +L The Duke and Duchess of Luynes I +L The Duchess of Montmorency I +R General Le Tanducre I +R General D'Ortoman I +L De Levis, marshal of France I +L The Prince Charles of Hesse D'Armstadt I +L Gueau de Reverseau, intendant of the finances G +R The Countess de Genlis P +R General Westermann G +L The Duchess of Richlieu I +L Duchaffaud, lieutenant-general of the naval forces M +R La Mourette, intruding bishop of Lyons G +L Maussion intendant of Rouen G +L The Countess de la Rochefoucault G +R Chapelier, advocate at Rennes, ex-constituent G +R Viscount de la Roque G +L Count de Chateau-vieux, cordon-rouge G +R Charrier de la Roche, intruding bishop of Rouen G +R De Quincon, ex-constituent G +R Buffet, ex-constituent G +R Perisse du Luc, ex-constituent G +L The Princess of Monaco I +L Countess of Choiseul I +R General Carteaux I +D Count de Choiseul la Baume I +L Marquis of Briant, lieutenant-general in the King's army I +L Le Marquis de Pujet G +R Hebert, national agent G +R Roncin, commander of the revolutionary army G +R Montmoro, administrator of the department of Paris G +R Dubuisson, commissary of the executive power G +L Comte de Balleroy, lieutenant-general G +R Gouttes, intruding bishop of Autun G +L De Champcenetz, governor of the Tuilleries I +R Antonelle, mayor of Arles, ex-constituent I +R General Santerre I +R Deforgues, minister of the republic I +R The Abbe d'Espagnac G +L De Chamberon, carmelite of St. Denis G +L Dom. Courtin, superior general of Clugny G +L De Tourzell governess of the royal children I +L De Tourzel, the son and daughter of the foregoing I +L Le Comte de Querhoent, marechal du camp G +L De Vergennes, formerly minister of foreign affairs I +L De Vergennes, his son I +L La Tour du Pin, formerly minister at war I +L Madame Chauvelin de la Bourdonnois I +L The Duchess de Charost I +R Clavieres, brother of the ex-minister I +L Pelletier de Rosambeau, president of the parliament of Paris G +L Devendeuil, director of the India Company I +L Delahaye, farmer-general G +L The Abbe Maury, brother of the cardinal of that name G +L The Countess de Suffren I +L The Count de Raincourt, lieut.-general I +R Thouret, advocate of Rouen, ex-constituent G +L The Marquis Delamotte-Senoux G +L The Marquis de St. Germain d'Apehon, colonel G +R Pare, ex-minister of the home-department I +R Gobet, intruding bishop of Paris G +R Chaumette, procureur of la commune de Paris G +R The wife of Camile Desmoulins, the journalist G +R The wife of Montmoro, the first goddess of reason G +R The wife of Hebert, national agent G +R Grammont, comedian and adjutant in the army G +R Lacroix, commissary of the executive power G +R Chevalier de St. Huruge, a flaming revolutionist I +L Count D'Aubusson, cordon rouge I +R Van Eupen, a Brabanter G +L De Sarron, De Gourgues, De Champlatreux and D'Ormessen, all + four presidents of the parliament of Paris G +L The Marquis de la Roche Lambert I +L Madame de Choiseul-Meuse I +L De la Borde, banker to the court G +R General Hoche I +R The Duke de Bethune Charost G +L De Beausset, lawful bishop of Alais I +R Selle, inspector-general of the military effects of the army G +L The, Countess de Montmorin I +R General Ramel G +R Vincent, national agent G +L De Cheville, intendant d'Orleans I +L Duval D'Espremenil, counsellor of the parliament of Paris and + ex-constituent G +L Madame Joly de Fleury, lady of the advocate-general G +L De Malsherbe, counsellor of state and one of the defenders of + Louis G +L Mademoiselle de Malsherbe G +L Marquis de Chateau Briant G +L The Marchioness de Chateau Briant G +L Duchess du Chatelet G +L Duchess de Grammont G +L Anisson du Perron, printer to the King G +L Mademoiselle de Bethissy, 17 years of age I +D The wife of General Schomberg I +R The father of General Santerre I +L The Duke de Villeroy, first captain of the body-guards G +R Count D'Estaing, vice-admiral of France G +L Count de la Tour du Pin, lieut.-general G +R Count de Bethune Charost G +D Count du Prat, colonel G +L De Crosne, intendant of Rouen, and formerly lieutenant of police + at Paris G +L De Nicolai, president of the grand council G +L Angran, lieutenant civil de Paris G +L The Countess du Bussy G +L Terray, intendant de Lyon G +L Madame Terray, his lady G +R Coffinel, solicitor of the Queen's trial, and judge of the + revolutionary tribunal G +L Troussebois de Bellesise, a canoness, aged 81 years G +R Jourdan, of Avignon, surnamed Coupe-tete G +R Grouvelle, agent for Denmark, and registrar of the convention at + the time of the King's death P +R Le Flotte, minister of the republic I +R Du Fourney, a furious jacobin P +L Marquis de Choiseul la Baum, and his steward G +L De Willerval, knight of St. Louis G +D Count de Levis, colonel, ex-constituent G +R Picquet, aide-de-camp to General La Fayette G +D The two Tassins, famous bankers in Paris G +L Count de Sombreuil, governor of the invalids, and his son G +L The Prince de Rohan Rochefort I +D The Comte de Laval Montmorency I +R Servaux, agent to the committee of general safety I +D Musquinet de la Fage G +L Gattey, bookseller in Paris G +D De Tolozan, general of brigade I +L Thorin de la Thane, captain in the Swiss guards I +L Gigot Boisbernier, canon of Sens I +L Ariaque de Guybeville, honorary president of the parliament of + Paris G +L Gougenet, governor of the India company G +L Du Chillan, marechal du camp G +L Le Noir, formerly lieutenant de police in Paris G +R La Ville, member of the revolutionary committee G +R La Peize, member of the revolutionary committee G +L Duport, counsellor of the parliament of Paris G +L Camus de la Ribourgere G +L The president Roland G +L The president Hocquart G +L The Count de Blin G +L Le pere D'Anquetil, an author I +R Schneider, public accuser at Strasburgh G +R General Chapuis I +L De Pommeuse, counsellor of the great chamber G +R General Goguet M +R The brother of Hebert, national agent I +R The two brothers of the ex-minister Du-Portail G +L The Marquis de Jancourt, ex-constituent G +D Almost all the farmers general G + Madame Elizabeth of France, sister of Louis XVI. G +L The Count de Sourdeval G +D The Count Lomenie de Brienne, minister of war G +R De Lomenie, coadjutor of Sens G +R Chevalier de Lomenie G +D Le Comte de Lomenie, colonel G +L De Serilly, treasurer at war G +L De Serilly, major of Swiss guards G +L Chambertrand, dean and vicar-general of Sens G +L The Marchioness de l'Aigle G +L The Marchioness de Senozan G +L The Marchioness de Crussot d'Amboise G +L The Countess de Montmorin G +L The Countess de Rossay G +L Madame de Serilly, aged 31 G +L A great number of religieuses, (nuns) G +R Pache, mayor of Paris I +R Ansi, ex-legislator I +L De Beauvilliers, and his wife I +R L'Huillier, national agent S +L The Count de Lastie I +R The brother of General Santerre I +R Moreau, adjutant of the army G +D De Marguerite, mayor of Nismes, ex-constituent G +R General Haxo S +R General Moulin S +L Brillon de St. Cyr, maitre des comptes G +L Beller, auditor of accounts G +R General Charbonnier I +D Count de Levis Mirepoix, ex-constituent G +L De Vigneron, president of the parliament of Nancy G +R Donadieu, general of brigade G +L The Marquis d'Apremont G +D The Marquis de Bieville, and his son G +L The Marquis de Trans G +L The Viscount de la Vallette G +D William Newton, an Englishman G +D The Baron de Marguerite G +L Fourteen members of the parliament of Toulouse G +L The Prince de Rohan Rochefort G +D The Count de Laval Montmorency G +D The Count de Pons G +L De Sartine, son of the heretofore minister of state G +L Madame de St. Amaranthe G +L The Prince de St. Maurice G +L The Viscount de Boissancourt G +L The widow of Mons. D'Espremenil G +R Michonis, municipal officer of Paris G +L The Count de Mesnil G +D Defreteau, counsellor of the parliament of Paris, + ex-constituent G +R Dom. Gerle, a Carthusian, ex-constituent I +R Quevremont, physician to Egalite I +D The Marquis de Chassenet I +R The wife, the daughter, and the son-in-law of the mayor Pache I +R Ginguenet, a patriotic poet I +L De Rosset, count de Fleury G +L The Abbe Tremouille, grand dean of Strasbourg G +L The Count de Gamaches, standard-bearer of the horse-guards G +L De Briffeuil, ecclesiastical counsellor of the great chamber of + Paris G +L Le Brasseur, formerly intendant of the marine G +L Eleven new members of the parliament of Toulouse G +L Peruchot, directeur des fermes G +L De Varennes, formerly major of infantry G +R The celebrated advocate Linguet G +L Twenty-two young ladies, from 17 to 25 years of age G +L De Mouchy, marshal of France G +L The lady of the Marshal de Mouchy G +L The lady of the Marshal de Biron G +D The widow of the General Biron G +R Victor de Broglie, ex-constituent G +L De St. Priest brother of the heretofore minister G +R Phillippe, a deputy suppleant I +L The Count de Polastron G +L The Marquis de la Guiche I +L Lambert, formerly comptroller-general of the finances G +L Chamilly, valet de chambre to the King G +L Madame du Portal, abbess of Joui G +L The Marquis de St. Didier G +R Two of the legionary chiefs of the national guard G +L Pichard, president of Bourdeaux G +L Vicq. D'Asyr, a celebrated physician at Paris G +R D'Aoust, De Lattre and Du Verger, three generals of the + republican army G +L The Abbe de Salignac de Fenelon, aged 85 years G +L De Fenelon, son of the ambassador at the Hague G +L De Bacquencourt, counsellor of state G +L The duke de Gesvres, cordon bleu G +L The Prince d'Henin, captain of the guards of the Count d'Artois G +L De Nicolas, president of the chamber of accounts G +L Ysabeau de Mouvel, registrar of the parliament G +L De la Baume, marechal du camp G +L De Boisgelin, marechal du camp G +L Ten young women not more than twenty years of age G +L Two young men of 14 and 17 years (fate not stated-Editor) +L The Marquis de la Roche du Maine G +L De Giac, maitre de requetes G +L The Count de Chastenier G +L Debesse, bailly de Malthe G +L From the 5th to the 10th Of July, 1794 are reckoned 295 persons G +L The Viscount de Damas, and his son G +L De Verdieres, general-officer G +L De L'Aupespine, canon of St. Claud G +L Random de la Tour, treasurer of the King's household G +L De Boisgelin, cordon bleu, and his wife G +L The Abbe Royer, counsellor of state G +L The Abbe Radix, counsellor in the parliament of Paris G +L Geoffroi D'Assy, cashier of the general receipts G +L De Penant, president of the chamber of accounts G +L De Penant, president of the court of Aides, and his son G +L Dom. Nonan, prior of the Carthusians at Paris G +L The Chevalier de Puyvert, officer of the navy G +L The son of the immortal Buffon G +L Macdonald, colonel of the regiment de Foix G +L Rapin Thoyras, captain of artillery G +L De Montarly, captain of infantry G +L Clermont, mayor of Salines, ex-constituent G +R Marcandier, journalist of Paris G +R La Croix, member of the committee de Surveillance G +D Imbert, officer of the Marechaussee G +L Le Comte de Faudoas, captain of cavalry G +L The daughter of the above, aged eighteen years G +L Souchet d'Alvinant, governor of the King's pages G +L Rousseau, fencing-master to the royal children G +L Huet d'Ambrun, maitre de requetes' G +L La Chapelle, commissary of the King's houshold (sic) G +L Sixteen Carmelites of Compeigne (sic) G +L Conin de St. Luc, president of the parliament of Bretagne G +R Legris, registrar of the revolutionary tribunal G +L De Blancheland, son of the governor of St. Domingo, aged + 20 years G +L The lady of the Marshal de Noailles, aged 70 years G +L The lady of Viscount de Noailles, aged 35 G +L The Dutchess d'Ayen, aged 57 years G +L De Talaru, cordon rouge G +L The Marquis de la Roche Lambert G +L Boutin, formerly treasurer of the navy G +L La Borde, farmer-general G +L Lassond des Essarts, chef d'escadron G +R General de Flers G +R Gossin, ex-constituent G +D The Marchioness de la Fayette I +L The Baron St. Ouin G +L Perrot, president of la Cour des Aides G +L Perrot, president of the chamber of accompts G +L De la Morelle, president of the great council G +L The son of Morelle, aged 18 years G +L Papillon de la Ferte, comptroller of the privy-purse G +L Count de Hauteford G +L De Carboniere, canon and count of St. Claude G +L Madame de Montmorency, abbess of Montmartre G +L The lady of Marshal de Levis G +L Marquis d'Harbouville G +L The Baroness d'Hinnisdal G +L Tardien-Malessy, mareschal de camp G +L The Countess des Vieux G +L The wife and daughter of Mareschal Tardien Malessy G +L The Baron de Blaizel G +L D'Ornano, mareschal de camp G +D De Nicolai, son of the president, aged 24 years G +L Moreau, architect of the city of Paris G +L Melin, formerly clerk of the war-office G +L Geoffrey d'Assy cashier-general of the finances G +L De la Chalotais, procureur-general of the parliament of Rennes G +L The Count de Menil-durand G +L De Pernot, mareschal de camp, aged 80 G +L Durand de Bignel, colonel of 100 Swiss G +L The son of the Viscount de Mille G +L Count D'Ailly G +L De Champagney, colonel of the regiment de Flandres G +L De Goudrecourt, lieutenant of the King's guard G +D Edelman, a celebrated musician G +L An hundred and fifty-one persons at Rennes G +R The Deputy Le Bas G +L The Count de Forestier G +L The Viscount de Gavrey G +L The Prince de Mont-Bason de Rohan G +R Gouy d'Arcy, ex-noble, ex-constituent G +R Du Salm Kirbourgh, sovereign prince in Germany G +R General Beauharnois G +L Baron Trenck G +R Chenier, author of the tragedy of Cha. IX. G +L The Marquis de Montalambert G +D Crequi de Montmorency G +D The Duke de Clermont-Tonnere G +L The Marquis de Crussol d'Amboise G +L The Countess d'Ossun G +L De St. Simon, bishop of Agde G +L The Count de Thiars G +L The Countess de Narbonne Pellet G +L The Princess Grimaldi-Monaco G +L The Marquis d'Usson G +L The two Trudaines, counsellors of the parliament of Paris G +L The Countess de Perigord G +L The lady of the Mareschal D'Armentieres G +L The Comte de Soyecourt G +L The Princess de Chimay G +L The Marquis de Carcado G +R Hauriot and La Vallette, commandants of the armed force at Paris G +L The Duke of St. Aignan G +L The Duchess of St. Aignan G +R Dumas, president of the revolutionary tribunal G +R Lescot-Fleuriot, mayor of Paris G +R Payan, president of the commune de Paris G +R Vivier, criminal judge, and president of the jacobinS G +R Simon, a Shoemaker, preceptor to Louis XVII. G +R Eighty municipal officers of Paris G +R One deputy, a commissioner with the army G +R One patriotic general officer G +R Maximilien Robespierre, advocate of Arras, ex-constituent, and + member of the convention, who enjoyed for a long time the + absolute power of a dictator, aged 35 years G +R George Couthon, advocate of Clermont, and member of the + convention, aged 38 years G +R De St. Just, ex-noble, member of the convention, aged 26 years G +R Robespierre, the younger, advocate of Arras, and member of the + convention, aged 27 years G +R Le Mounier, one of the principal actors in the massacre Of 2d of + September, 1792 G +R The Baron de la Tude G +L The Prince de Talmont G +R General La Poype P +L De Sablonnay, marechal de camp G +L The Viscount de Meleur G +L Le Baron de Clermont-Tonnere G +L The son of General Precy G +R Coffinel, judge of the revolutionary tribunal G +R Fouquier Tinville, public accuser G +R Le Bon, deputy of the convention G +L The Marquis de Beauvoir G +R Guillotin, ex-constituent G +R De la Harpe, literateur I +R L'Abbe de Lille I +R Van-Eupen, Brabancon G +R General Turreau P +R Carrier, deputy of the convention G +R 106 Jacobins of Marseilles G +R General Dugommier M +R Bouchotte, war minister I +R Trial, comedian G +R General Polier M + Admiral Martin G +R 130 Jacobins of Lyons M +R Goujon, deputy of the convention S +L La Marquis de Boisberanger G +R Francoeur, director of the opera G +L Cazault, president of the parliament of Bourdeaux G +L Cormatin, chief of the Chouans B +L The Bishop of Dol M +L Le Chevalier de Sombreuil M +L De Tintinuiac, officer M +L Le Comte de la Villeneuve G +R The General Serrurier P +L Le Comte de Linange I +L Le Comte de Colloredo I +L Le General Stofflet M +L Le General Charrette M + +****** + +The Compiler of the foregoing Journal begs leave to acquaint the +public, that he still continues it, and that he will publish another +volume in due time, if this work should be favoured with approbation +and encouragement. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Historical Epochs of the French +Revolution, by H. Goudemetz + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EPOCHS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION *** + +***** This file should be named 16962.txt or 16962.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/9/6/16962/ + +Produced by Desmond Grocott + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/16962.zip b/16962.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..61e568a --- /dev/null +++ b/16962.zip diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e09408 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #16962 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/16962) |
