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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Over the Top With the Third Australian
+Division, by G. P. Cuttriss
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Over the Top With the Third Australian Division
+
+Author: G. P. Cuttriss
+
+Illustrator: Neil McBeath
+
+Release Date: August 24, 2005 [EBook #16588]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OVER THE TOP ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Elaine Walker, Jeannie Howse and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: Major-General Sir John Monash, K.C.B., V.D.
+_Photo by Elliott & Fry._]
+
+
+
+
+
+                 'OVER THE TOP'
+           WITH THE THIRD AUSTRALIAN
+                    DIVISION
+
+
+                       BY
+
+                 G.P. CUTTRISS
+
+
+              WITH INTRODUCTION BY
+         MAJOR-GENERAL SIR JOHN MONASH,
+                  K.C.B., V.D.
+
+
+         _ILLUSTRATED BY NEIL McBEATH_
+
+
+                     London
+                CHARLES H. KELLY
+ 25-35 CITY ROAD, AND 26 PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C.
+
+
+                            TO THE
+              FADELESS MEMORY OF OUR HEROIC DEAD
+                            AND TO
+                     THOSE WHO HAVE LOST
+            THIS BRIEF VOLUME OF SKETCH AND STORY
+                        IS DEDICATED,
+                   IN UNSTINTED ADMIRATION,
+                  IN AFFECTIONATE SYMPATHY,
+              AND IN THE UNSHAKEABLE BELIEF THAT
+
+
+
+
+    'As sure as God's in heaven,
+       As sure as He stands for right,
+     As sure as the Hun this wrong hath done,
+       So surely we'll win this fight.'
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE
+
+
+In response to numerous requests from the 'boys,' this brief volume of
+story and sketch is published. It makes no pretension to literary
+merit, neither is it intended to serve as a history of the Division.
+The indulgence of those who may read is earnestly solicited, in view
+of the work having been prepared amidst the trying and thrilling
+experiences so common to active service. The fighting history of the
+Australian Forces is one long series of magnificent achievements,
+beginning on that day of sacred and glorious memory, April 25, 1915.
+Ever since that wonderful test of capacity and courage the Australians
+have advanced from victory to victory, and have won for themselves a
+splendid reputation. Details of training, raids, engagements, and
+tactical features have been purposely omitted. The more serious
+aspect will be written by others. In deference to Mr. Censor, names of
+places and persons have been suppressed, but such omissions will not
+detract from the interest of the book. 'Over the Top with the Third
+Australian Division' is illustrative of that big-hearted,
+devil-may-care style of the Australians, the men who can see the
+brighter side of life under the most distracting circumstances and
+most unpromising conditions. In the pages that follow, some incidents
+of the life of the men may help to pass away a pleasant hour and serve
+as a reminder of events, past and gone, but which will ever be fresh
+to those whose immediate interests attach to the Third Australian
+Division.
+
+G.P. CUTTRISS.
+
+[Illustration: The Author.
+_Photo by Lafayette, Ltd._]
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION
+
+
+At the outbreak of the World War in August, 1914, the Australian as a
+soldier was an unknown quantity. It is quite true that in the previous
+campaigns in the Soudan and in South Africa, Australia had been
+represented, and that a sprinkling of native-born Australians had
+taken service in the Imperial armies. The performances of these
+pioneers of Australia in arms were creditable, and the reputation
+which they had earned was full of promise. But, viewed in their proper
+perspective, these contributions to Imperial Defence were no true
+index of the capacity of the Australian nation to raise and maintain a
+great army worthy and able in all details to take its place in a world
+war, beside the armies of the great and historic civilizations of the
+Old World.
+
+No Australian, nor least of all those among them who had laboured in
+times of peace to prepare the way for a great national effort,
+whenever the call to action should come, ever doubted the capacity of
+the nation worthily to respond; but while the magnitude and quality of
+the possible effort might well have been doubted by our Imperial
+authorities and our Allies, and while it was certainly regarded as
+negligible by our enemies, the result in achievement has exceeded, in
+a mighty degree, the most optimistic hopes even of those who knew or
+thought they knew what Australia was capable of.
+
+For, to-day, Australia has, besides its substantial contribution to
+the Naval Forces of the Empire, actually in being a land army of five
+divisions and two mounted divisions, fully officered, fully equipped,
+and stamped with the seal of brilliantly successful performance; and
+has created and maintained all the hundred and one national activities
+upon which such an achievement depends.
+
+We are still too close to the picture to realize the miracle which has
+been wrought, or to understand in all their breadth the factors on
+which it has depended; but, fundamentally, and overshadowing all other
+factors, the result is based upon the character of the Australian
+people, and upon the personality of the Australian soldier.
+
+It is the latter factor which, to one who has been for so long in
+intimate daily contact with him, makes the closest appeal. It is from
+that close association, from the knowledge born of experience of him
+in every phase of his daily life, that the Australian can be
+proclaimed as second to none in the world both as a soldier and as a
+fighting man. For these things are not synonymous, and the first
+lesson that every recruit has to learn is that they are not
+synonymous; that the thing which converts a mere fighting man into a
+soldier is the sense of discipline. This word 'discipline' is often
+cruelly misused and misunderstood. Upon it, in its broadest and truest
+sense, depends the capacity of men, in the aggregate, for successful
+concerted action. It is precisely because the Australian is born with
+and develops in his national life the very instinct of discipline that
+he has been enabled to prove himself so successful a soldier. He obeys
+constituted authority because he knows that success depends upon his
+doing so, whether his activities are devoted to the interests of his
+football team or his industrial organization or his regiment. He has
+an infinite capacity for 'team' work. And he brings to bear upon that
+work a high order of intelligence and understanding. In his other
+splendid qualities, his self-reliance, his devotion to his cause and
+his comrades, and his unfailing cheerfulness under hardship and
+distress, he displays other manifestations of that same instinct of
+discipline.
+
+Some day cold and formal histories will record the deeds and
+performances of the Australian soldiery; but it is not to them that we
+shall turn for an illumination of his true character. It is to stories
+such as these which follow, of his daily life, of his psychology, of
+his personality, that we must look. And we shall look not in vain,
+when, as in the following pages, the tale has been written down by one
+of themselves, who has lived and worked among them, and who
+understands them in a spirit of true sympathy and comradeship. The
+Author of these sketches is himself true to his type, and an
+embodiment of all that is most worthy and most admirable in the
+Australian soldier.
+
+JOHN MONASH, _Major-General_.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+                                                PAGE
+
+  FROM 'THERE' TO 'HERE'                          17
+
+  AUSTRALIANS--IN VARIOUS MOODS                   28
+
+  SUNDAY, 'SOMEWHERE IN FRANCE'                   42
+
+  SOLDIERS' SUPERSTITIONS                         49
+
+  ON THE EVE OF BATTLE                            59
+
+  'OVER THE TOP'                                  64
+
+  SHELLS: A FEW SMILES AND A CONTRAST             77
+
+  MESSINES                                        88
+
+  BILL THE BUGLER                                 95
+
+  A TRAGEDY OF THE WAR                            99
+
+  RECREATION BEHIND THE LINES                    108
+
+  FOR THE CAUSE OF THE EMPIRE                    119
+
+  OUR HEROIC DEAD                                124
+
+  THE SILVER LINING                              126
+
+
+
+
+LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+  Major-General Sir John Monash, K.C.B., V.D.             _Frontispiece_
+
+                                                                    PAGE
+  The Author                                                _Facing_   8
+
+  The Trip across was not as comfortable as it might have been        21
+
+  Church buildings seem to have received special attention from
+    enemy artillery                                         _Facing_  25
+
+  When you are perfectly sober and imagine you're not                 26
+
+  'Where are you going, my man?'                                      31
+
+  The Ostrich                                                         45
+
+  Despite good wishes from friends in the Homeland it was
+    difficult to keep warm                                            51
+
+  A silent tribute to the brave                             _Facing_  54
+
+  To the Widows of France                                      "      58
+
+  To see ourselves as others see us                                   81
+
+  With the aid of electric torches ... we descended to the cellar     84
+
+  'Did you hear that one, Bill?'                            _Facing_  87
+
+  The Illustrator feeling happy, yet looking 'board'           "      94
+
+  'She, smiling, takes the pennies'                            "     106
+
+  Off to the Horse Show                                              111
+
+  Sweet and low                                                      114
+
+  Taff Williams, Musical Director                                    114
+
+  Sir Douglas Haig, G.C.B., G.C.V.O., and Sir A.J. Godley,
+    K.C.B., K.C.M.G., at the 2nd Anzac Horse Show                    116
+
+  'Bon Soir'                                                         140
+
+
+
+
+='OVER THE TOP'=
+
+FROM 'THERE' TO 'HERE'
+
+
+Towards the end of November, 1916, our hopes of moving out from 'where
+we then were' to 'where we now are' materialized to the evident
+satisfaction of all. Few, if any, cared as to our probable
+destination; the chief interest centred in the fact that we were to
+start for the Front. The time spent Somewhere in the Motherland was by
+no means wasted. Due regard had been paid to the training of the men,
+who reached a standard of efficiency which earned for the Division a
+reputation second to none. While in England the Third was the subject
+of scorn and bitter criticism. Older Divisions could not forget, and
+possibly regretted, the fact that they had had no such prolonged
+training in mock trenches and in inglorious safety. However, since
+leaving England the Division has lived down the scorn that was heaped
+upon it, by upholding the traditions handed down by older and more
+war-worn units. Recently the Division was referred to by a noted
+General as one of the best equipped and most efficient units not only
+amongst the Overseas Divisions but of the whole Army in France.
+
+The arrangements for our moving out were approximately perfect. There
+was no hitch. The military machine, like the Tanks of recent fame,
+over-rides or brushes to one side all obstacles. There was manifest
+among all ranks an eagerness to leave nothing undone that would in any
+way facilitate entraining and embarkation. The knowledge that we were
+at last on our way to the 'Dinkum' thing had the effect of leading us
+to take a more serious view of the situation. It is surprising,
+however, how soon men become attached to a place; and though the
+conditions at Lark Hill were in no sense ideal, it had been our home
+for several months and we were loth to leave. Perhaps the thought
+that many of us might possibly never return inspired the longing looks
+that were directed towards the camp as we marched on our way to the
+station. Who of those who took part in that march will forget the
+cheers with which we were greeted by the residents of that
+picturesquely situated village as we trudged along its winding road?
+We had enjoyed their hospitality, and we appreciated their cordial
+wishes for success and safety.
+
+The task of entraining a large body of men was expertly accomplished,
+and after a brief delay we were speeding in the direction of the port
+of embarkation. The train journey was practically without event. The
+men were disposed to be quiet. On arrival at the quay parties were
+detailed to assist in putting mails and equipment aboard the
+transports. Punctually at the hour advised we trooped aboard the ships
+that were to convey us across the water. There was very little
+accommodation for men, but they squeezed in and made the best of the
+situation. The trip across was not as comfortable as it might have
+been, but its duration was so brief that the discomfort was scarcely
+worth serious thought. The transports cast anchor off the harbour
+early the following morning, but it was not until late in the
+afternoon that they were berthed alongside the wharf. Scarcely had the
+transports touched the wharf-side when they commenced to disgorge
+their living freight.
+
+[Illustration: The trip across was not as comfortable as it might have
+been.]
+
+From the waterside we marched to No. 1 Rest (?) Camp, situated on the
+summit of a hill on the outskirts of the town. The camp was reached
+some time after darkness had settled down over the land. The weather
+was most miserable. The air was charged with icy blasts, and rain fell
+continuously throughout the night. The least said about our
+impressions and experiences during our brief stay in that camp the
+better; suffice to state that one of the most miserable memories that
+can be recalled in connexion with our experiences on active service is
+associated with No. 1 Rest Camp.
+
+The following morning we marched to the main railway station and
+entrained for the Front. The accommodation provided was fairly
+comfortable, though the carriages (?) had been used more for carrying
+mules than men. The train journey extended over thirty hours. All
+along the route there were evidences of military activity denoting
+extensive and effective military organization. We noted the continuous
+stream of traffic on the roads, and were amused with the names chalked
+on the heavy guns, which were being drawn by a style of tractor quite
+new to most of us. 'No friend of Fritz' was a powerful-looking gun,
+and greatly impressed us; but the sight of a number of heavier guns
+thrilled us, and we involuntarily shouted 'Good old England.'
+
+There was not a dull moment during that thirty hours' run. There was
+much to interest the 'freshmen.' Eventually we reached our rail
+destination, and marched to our quarters, where we arrived late at
+night. That we were not far from the fighting line was very evident by
+the close proximity of the artillery, which expressed itself so
+emphatically that the air reverberated with its deep boom, relieved
+at intervals by the staccato reports of machine-guns in action.
+
+The troops were quartered in different places. They were as
+indifferent as they were different, but any place which afforded
+shelter from the rain and protection from the cold was greatly
+appreciated. Despite the inconveniences within and the noises without
+few had difficulty in wooing Morpheus and reposed in his embrace until
+a late hour next morning.
+
+Opportunity was afforded during the day for having a look round and
+cultivating an acquaintance with the district. The country round about
+is fairly level, and, despite the fact that it was just behind the
+lines and under enemy observation, farming operations and business
+were carried on in perfect serenity. A cinema afforded entertainment
+in the evenings. The men were cheerful, and accepted the change from
+the 'sham' to the real uncomplainingly, and commenced making their
+billets as comfortable as circumstances would permit. Stoves were
+greatly in demand, but few were available. The law in France is that
+nothing shall be removed from a building without permission. Troops
+were forbidden to enter houses under any pretence whatever; but very
+occasionally men lost their way, and unwittingly (?) wandered into
+forbidden places, and when detected by certain officials evinced great
+surprise on being found therein. The Town Major on one occasion was
+walking past a building, the door of which was ajar, and he observed
+two men struggling with a stove half up the stairway. 'What are you
+doing with that stove?' he peremptorily asked. 'Putting it back, sir,'
+was the prompt reply.
+
+It is surprising with what readiness the Australian adapts himself to
+whatever conditions prevail. He possesses plenty of initiative, which
+is an invaluable asset on active service. Friendships were quickly
+formed with the villagers, who were chiefly refugees, and much
+amusement was caused as the troops sought to make use of the French
+words which they had endeavoured to learn. There was scarcely any
+necessity, however to try to speak French, as most of the people
+understood sufficient of the English language for ordinary business
+transactions. It was only when love-making was resorted to that a
+knowledge of French became a vital necessity.
+
+There was a great deal to interest the troops in this district, which
+for a brief period had been occupied by the enemy. The town was
+subjected to heavy shell fire almost daily. Evidences of the enemy's
+brief stay and the effects of their 'frightfulness' were not lacking.
+Since our occupation, the place has been reduced to a heap of ruins by
+the enemy's artillery, which appears to have paid special attention to
+church buildings, for many of them have been totally destroyed. Almost
+immediately upon our arrival in this place certain units of the
+Division occupied the trenches along the Divisional Front, and very
+soon proved themselves to be just as capable as the more experienced
+troops which they had relieved.
+
+We were located in and about the town for several months, during which
+time the Third Division won a name for the efficiency and daring of
+its raids, and silenced for all time the gibes and criticisms of the
+more war-worn comrades of the older divisions. 'Here' the Division has
+comported itself precisely as it did over 'there.' In training the men
+tried to do their duty. In battle they have done their duty, many of
+them even unto death.
+
+[Illustration: When you are perfectly sober, and you imagine you're
+not.]
+
+What of the future? Just the same; but with that courage and
+confidence born of experience, still greater attainments may be
+expected.
+
+
+
+
+AUSTRALIANS--IN VARIOUS MOODS
+
+
+The Australian soldier is a peculiar mixture; but for pluck in the
+face of danger, patience in the grip of pain, and initiative in the
+presence of the unexpected, he holds a unique place amongst men. He
+has been subjected to considerable adverse criticism for seeming lack
+of discipline. Kind things and other kinds of things have been freely
+said to his detriment; but if every word were true, he is not to
+blame. The Australian soldier, like any other soldier, is but the
+product of a system, the standard or inefficiency of which it would
+not be just to hold him responsible for. The majority frankly admit
+that soldiering is not in their line. They would never choose it as a
+profession; yet the man from 'Down Under' has given unmistakable proof
+that he is as amenable to discipline as any other, and rightly led
+he, as a fighting force, compares favourably with the best that any
+nation has produced. His language at times is not too choice. It is
+said that on occasions the outburst has been so hot that the water
+carts have been consumed in flames. Be that as it may, his diction in
+no sense denotes the exact state of his mind or morals. His contagious
+cheerfulness has established him a firm favourite with the French
+people, whose admiration and affection he will hold for all time.
+
+An officer belonging to another part of the Empire tells a story
+against himself. Arriving in a village late at night, he inquired at a
+cottage as to whether a billet could be provided. Before replying the
+occupant, a widow, asked whether he was an Australian or a ----. Upon
+learning his regimental identity, she told him that she had no
+accommodation. Somewhat vexed, he retorted, 'If I were an Australian
+you would probably have found room for me.' 'Yes,' was her reply.
+'Well,' the officer observed, 'I fail to understand what you see in
+the Australians; they're savages.' Before closing the door the
+occupant said, 'I like savages.'
+
+The following incidents but imperfectly portray the irrepressible
+humour, unexampled heroism, and splendid initiative so commendably
+displayed by the Australian under the varying and trying conditions
+common to modern warfare.
+
+
+IMPROMPTU WIT.
+
+The ----th Battalion had been relieved. The men had been in the lines
+six days. They looked forward to a few days' spell at the back of the
+trenches. On reaching the back area some of the men were detailed to
+carry supplies up to the lines. Whilst so engaged they were met by a
+General, who was in the habit of visiting the trenches unaccompanied.
+This officer, himself a young man, ever had a cheery word for the
+'boys.' One of the men on duty lagged some distance behind the main
+party. The expression on his face indicated that he was 'fed up.' He
+was also beginning to feel the weight of the sack which he was
+carrying. As he passed, the General acknowledged the reluctant turn
+of his head by way of salute, and then asked, 'Where are you going, my
+man?' 'In the ---- knees, sir,' was the ready and witty reply.
+
+[Illustration:
+'Where are you going, my man?'
+'In the knees, sir.']
+
+
+MORE CURIOUS THAN CAUTIOUS.
+
+A man on duty in the front-line trenches displayed more curiosity than
+caution and eventually paid the penalty for his mistake. In the
+endeavour to ascertain what was going on across 'no man's way,' he
+exposed himself to the keen observation of an enemy sniper, who
+quickly trained his rifle on him and a bullet penetrated the steel
+helmet of the over-curious soldier. The bullet traversed the crown of
+the head and lodged in the nape of the neck. He flung his rifle to one
+side and did a sprint along the duck-boards. His mates inquired the
+reason of his haste. Without abating his speed he called out, 'Do you
+think that I want to drop dead in that blimey mud?' As he reached the
+dry duck-boards his strength gave out, and he would have fallen but
+for the timely assistance from two of his mates, who lowered him
+gently, then brought a stretcher on which to carry him to the R.A.P.
+As they were about to start away with him, he opened his eyes, and
+they inquired if he were hurt. 'Well, it does give you a bit of a
+headache, you know,' he replied; 'have you got a fag?' A cigarette was
+handed to him, and as they carried him away he smoked his 'fag.'
+
+
+IT'S ALL IN THE GAME.
+
+A similar instance of absolute self-forgetfulness and indomitable
+spirit occurred at another part of the line. A shell burst near to our
+wire and projected a tangled heap of it forward. A piece of barbed
+wire encircled a man's neck. The barbs bit into the flesh. The
+shoulders of his tunic were torn. The blood flowed freely from nasty
+cuts in his neck and cheeks. Without altering his position he looked
+out in the direction of the Hun lines and declared that if he ever got
+hold of the ---- Hun who fired that ---- shell, he would drive his
+---- bayonet through him. When the wire was taken from round his neck,
+his face wreathed in smiles as he remarked, 'Well, I suppose it is
+all in the game,' then turning to his mates he asked, 'I say, digger,
+have you got a smoke?'
+
+My Lady Nicotine is certainly a general favourite amongst the 'boys.'
+They seek her solace during the critical periods of their active
+service life. Unquestionably one of the most deeply appreciated issues
+that the men receive is that of tobacco and cigarettes. For this extra
+'ration' credit must be given to the A.C.F. and other funds which have
+expended large sums of money in making available to the troops the
+'pipe of peace' and the comfort of the 'fag.'
+
+
+A CLEVER RUSE.
+
+This incident is related in the strictest confidence, and solely upon
+the condition that the identity of the individuals concerned will not
+be disclosed. A certain officer--I dare not mention his rank, as there
+are so few Generals amongst us that to even mention it would be
+tantamount to disclosing his identity. Therefore, a certain officer
+was on a tour of inspection. The utmost effort had been made by the
+unit holding the line to have everything satisfactory. The trenches
+must be kept clean and sanitary. Every precaution is adopted to
+safeguard the health of the men. The officer's visit was timed just
+after the issue of rum had been made. Rum is not a regular issue by
+any means, but a little had been made available at that time, and was
+supposed to be taken much the same as is medicine, viz., on the M.O.'s
+recommendation. A few minutes before the arrival of the officer of
+high rank the platoon officer observed one of his men under the
+influence of drink. He learned on inquiry that the man had secured
+some rum in addition to what had been issued. To get him out of the
+way was his first thought. Somebody suggested that he be placed on a
+stretcher and covered with a blanket. It was no sooner suggested than
+acted upon. When the officer making the inspection entered the trench
+two men bore the stretcher with its burden past him. He stood to one
+side and saluted as he would the dead. Of course the man on the
+stretcher was dead--'dead drunk.' No questions were asked, therefore
+no untruths were told. The unit had the satisfaction of learning that
+their lines were satisfactory; but in a certain company's orderly-room
+the following morning a certain man had a most unenviable quarter of
+an hour in the presence of his irate O.C.
+
+
+TURNING THE TABLES.
+
+During a raid made on our lines the enemy succeeded in reaching our
+trenches, but were quickly ejected. Two of the raiding party were
+killed, and as many were taken prisoners. One of them met his death in
+a very tragic manner. A member of the ----th battalion was fast
+asleep in his makeshift of a dug-out the night the Germans entered our
+lines. He knew nothing of their visit until wakened by a heavy hand
+being placed on his shoulder. Great was his astonishment on waking to
+find himself gazing into the face of a Hun, who gurgled and
+gesticulated, which sounds and signs he interpreted as an invitation
+to put his hands up. His hands went up as he struggled to his feet. He
+then discovered that he was about six inches taller than his captor
+and certainly much heavier. When they got out on the duck-boards, the
+prisoner suddenly looked down and allowed his gaze to rest on the
+boards at his feet. The German's curiosity was aroused, and he fell
+into the trap set for him. He made the fatal mistake of allowing his
+gaze to be diverted from the prisoner to the duck-boards. By a quick
+movement the prisoner possessed himself of his captor's rifle. One
+blow from a tightly-clenched fist sufficed to lay him his length along
+the boards, and the next moment the would-be captor was breathing his
+last with his own bayonet through his chest, and the Australian was
+heard to remark, 'I'll teach the blighter to waken me from my sleep.'
+
+
+HEROISM UNEXCELLED.
+
+It would be invidious to single out one for special mention from the
+great army of brave men who have upheld the traditions of the Empire
+on the field of battle. Without mentioning the name of the hero the
+following incident is cited as illustrative of many which speak
+eloquently of the bravery of our 'boys.' Our lines were being
+furiously shelled, and a member of a certain battalion was severely
+wounded. Assisted by another stretcher-bearer, the hero of this
+incident endeavoured to convey the wounded man to the A.D.S. The
+trench along which they were walking was blown in, making it necessary
+to carry the injured man 'over the top.' This was done in full view of
+the enemy. While so engaged a 'Minnie' was observed coming over, and
+warning was given for all to get under cover. All did except
+Private ----, who, actuated by an impulse to protect a fallen comrade,
+and without thought for his own safety, immediately threw himself upon
+the wounded man to protect him. For this gallant act he was awarded
+the Military Medal.
+
+A couple of months later this same person was in the trenches when a
+British 'plane was compelled to land in a very exposed and
+shell-swept area. Both occupants of the machine rushed for the
+trenches. The observer reached a place of safety, but the pilot, who
+was wounded, fell exhausted. Without thought of personal safety, and
+despite the fact that the Germans were shelling the machine, the
+stretcher-bearer climbed 'over the top,' in full view of the enemy,
+and carried the wounded pilot to a shell-hole, where he rendered
+first-aid and then brought the injured man to the safety of our
+trenches. For this further act of bravery he was awarded a bar to his
+M.M.
+
+
+'WE WERE PALS.'
+
+A man came to the D.B.O. just after a certain engagement in connexion
+with which the Australians did splendid work. They secured a great
+victory. They got to their objectives on time and took quite a large
+number of prisoners. Every victory has its price, and it was
+concerning part of the price of victory that the young man had made
+the visit. He told of his pal, a D.C.M. man, who had been killed,
+whose body was lying out on the ridge. He wished to know whether
+arrangements could be made for the body to be brought down to a back
+area cemetery for burial. Whenever practicable such is done. The
+D.B.O. made inquiries, and learned that no transport was available.
+The roads were in a frightful condition, and in view of the incessant
+enemy shelling of the area, decided that the body would have to be
+buried in the vicinity of where it had fallen. Arrangements were made
+for the man to return on the morrow for the purpose of acting as guide
+to the Padre who would conduct the service. Next day, he came to the
+Burials Officer. Surprise was evinced at the change in his appearance.
+His uniform was covered with mud and wet through, and he seemed to be
+quite exhausted. 'I have come about the burial, sir,' he said. 'Could
+it be fixed up for this afternoon, I have brought the body down?' Upon
+making inquiries as to how he had managed it, he replied that he and
+another had asked permission to go out and bring the body in. It
+meant a carry over broken ground of about five miles, under heavy
+shell fire most of the distance; but these faithful comrades gladly
+endured the hardship and braved the dangers to ensure the burial of
+their deceased mate in a cemetery which is one of the few that has not
+been disturbed by the bursting shell. Thinking that the deceased was a
+near relative of this brave lad, the question was asked. His eyes
+filled with tears as he replied: 'No, sir; we were pals.' Such an
+incident will surely suffice to erase from the mind the false
+impression, which, unfortunately a few seem to have gathered, that the
+Australian is devoid of sentiment.
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, 'SOMEWHERE IN FRANCE'
+
+
+The question that leaps to the lips in connexion with the title of
+this chapter is, Why should the events associated with this particular
+day be recorded? Are they different from what takes place on any or
+all of the other days of the week--something special which clearly
+denotes that one week has ended and another week begun? Is there a
+temporary cessation of hostilities, during which bells are rung and
+men may be seen wending their way to some established building for
+worship, or does that indefinable stillness peculiar to the first day
+of the week in peaceful places pervade all life?
+
+Apart from the interest and curiosity that many attach thereto, there
+is no significance in the selection of the day, and there is little if
+anything associated with the events of Sunday at the Front to
+distinguish it from any other day. Yet it is strange that though men
+may frequently confuse the days between Monday and Saturday, they
+instinctively seem to know when Sunday has come. Whether by chance or
+convenience, I know not, some of the biggest 'stunts' have been
+initiated on the Lord's Day. At times the voice of the Padre was
+scarcely heard above the din and noise of heavy guns as they
+dispatched their projectiles of destruction and death over the place
+in which a church parade was being conducted. The recollection of
+certain events and experiences of some Sundays will undoubtedly tend
+to make many a man more thoughtful and analytic than the events or
+experiences entered into on any other day during his active service
+career.
+
+The disposition of an army is not affected by certain days, but by
+developments within the area of operations. If Sunday should be
+considered the opportune time for putting over a barrage, making a
+raid on the enemy lines, or effecting an advance, no thought of the
+sacred associations of that day is given serious consideration. The
+system in vogue provides for units when not in the line to be in
+reserve or resting. Such units supply working and carrying parties; so
+that the number of men available for church services on Sunday is no
+greater than on ordinary days. The war proceeds. Man may worship when
+opportunity permits.
+
+A summary of the events of one Sunday will suffice to convey an idea
+of how almost every Sunday is spent at the Front. The weather is
+seasonable: over the country a dense mist hangs low in the early morn.
+The sun rises, and the mist flees before it, revealing the face of the
+earth covered with snow, mud, or in the tight grip of 'Jack Frost.'
+Aeroplanes glide gracefully overhead. They are out for observation
+purposes, or to prevent the approach of enemy craft. The artillery,
+ever alert both day and night, sends out its missiles of death far
+into the enemy's lines. The enemy guns reply, and thus it might
+continue through the day. Shells are ugly killers and wounders; but
+for them there would be little of the slaughter-yard suggestion
+about a modern battlefield, with its improved system of well-built and
+cleanly kept trenches and its clean puncturing bayonet thrust or rifle
+bullet. While the shells shriek and whirr through the air, heaps of
+humanity are distributed about the trenches, in the dug-outs, or in
+the reserve lines. The men sit or lie about for the most part, as
+unconcerned as if on holiday bent. The order to 'stand to' would bring
+them to their appointed places, from whence they would resist an
+invasion of their lines by the enemy, or launch an attack, make a
+raid, or go forth on patrol of 'no man's land.'
+
+[Illustration: The Ostrich.]
+
+Back from the lines units are resting or engaged on the lines of
+communication; from such units men are available for church parades.
+Men of different units and of different theological views come
+together in one place and worship God. Buildings are not always
+available for parade services. Sometimes they are held in the open
+field, in farm-yards, or in billets; frequently in tents provided by
+the Y.M.C.A. Attendance at these services is purely voluntary, and a
+large proportion of men attend whenever opportunity offers. While the
+service is in progress the war goes on. The men in the trenches catch
+the strains of band music, and there is carried over the distance
+intervening the sound of the singing of old familiar hymns. It is a
+privilege to speak to these men who have been in the shell-swept
+trenches, who have participated in raids, who have taken part in one
+of the most successful battles of the war, who have seen suffering and
+even looked into the face of death.
+
+Several parades might be held during the day at hours convenient to
+those who wish to attend, and in the evening a song-service is
+conducted, when the men choose the hymns which they would sing. They
+are reverent in attitude, earnest in attention.
+
+Sundays are no different from other days of the week. They merely
+mark, as do other days, the passing of time, which will bring either
+grief or gladness to those who watch and wait for the day of peace,
+and to us who war a victory crowned with honour. There is no
+_Sun_-day. The thick, dark cloud of war hides the sun's bright face,
+but there is hope in the thought that Sun-day is prophetic as well as
+historic, and insistently in its recurrence directs us to wait
+patiently for the cloud-bursts out of which shall emerge the Sun of
+Righteousness, who will proclaim such time to be the Day of the Lord.
+
+    For, lo, the days are hastening on
+      By prophet bard foretold,
+    When with the ever circling years
+      Comes round the age of gold.
+    When peace shall over all the earth
+      Its ancient splendours fling,
+    And all the world take up the song
+      Which angels once did sing:
+
+      'Glory to God in the highest, on earth
+    peace, goodwill toward men.'
+
+
+
+
+SOLDIERS' SUPERSTITIONS
+
+
+With the advent of Christmas, arrangements were effected by which
+officers whose work necessitated their being temporarily separated
+from the unit could come together for the purpose of observing the
+special season in the established epicurean style. Every effort was
+made to make the day as distinct from other days as circumstances
+would allow. Donations from the officers and small contributions from
+the men enabled those who had the matter in hand to provide the
+customary Christmas dinner. Though it was not served up on tables,
+spread with linen, and the usual impedimenta of the banqueting-table,
+it was greatly appreciated, and afforded a rare opportunity for
+reunion. Fresh friendships were formed, acquaintances renewed,
+brothers and relatives met after months of separation. Toasts were
+honoured and carols or hymns appropriate to the season were sung. A
+great deal had been heard or read about our troops fraternizing with
+the enemy during the Christmas seasons of the previous years of the
+war, but there was none of that during the Christmas of 1916. There
+was no cessation of hostilities. The lines were held with the same
+keenness, and there was considerable aerial and artillery activity
+throughout the day and night. In fact, Christmas 'Somewhere in France'
+was born to the accompaniment of the boom of guns and the whirr of
+aeroplanes. The weather conditions were decidedly inclement, and,
+despite the good wishes from friends in the Homeland, it was difficult
+to keep warm.
+
+At the back of the lines, in a certain battalion's H.Q. billets, a
+number of officers had assembled. They had come together by invitation
+to participate in a reunion dinner. Everything had been done to make
+it a meal worthy of the occasion. Great taste had been displayed in
+decorating the table, and the cooks excelled themselves in the
+quality of the food served. We seated ourselves immediately 'Grace'
+was said, when somebody remarked that there were thirteen only, and
+suggested that another be asked in to make fourteen. Little notice was
+taken of the remark until the same officer ventured to predict that
+one of them would 'go out' before the year ended. He was teased with
+being unduly superstitious and attaching too much significance to the
+supposed unluckiness of the number thirteen. His mind was evidently
+depressed with the impression which he had gathered, and there was not
+lacking evidence that the gathering ceased to interest him further.
+
+[Illustration: Despite the good wishes from friends in the Homeland,
+it was difficult to keep warm.]
+
+Exactly a week passed, and another such reunion had been arranged for
+the purpose of celebrating the passing of the old year and the
+ushering in of the new. Several jocularly remarked that for G----'s
+sake we should arrange to have more or less than thirteen present.
+Late on the afternoon of the last day of the year, advice was received
+at B.Q.H. that Lieut. G---- had been killed. He had gone down to the
+trenches to inspect some work which was being done by his platoon, and
+was on the point of returning when an enemy shell burst and a shrapnel
+bullet went through his heart. This sad event recalled to us his words
+at the gathering on Christmas night. His prediction that one would be
+missing ere the year ended was fulfilled, and he was the one called
+hence. Arrangements for the evening function were cancelled, and the
+next day his remains were interred in the military cemetery, and the
+grave is now marked by a beautiful cross made by a member of his
+platoon and inscribed by his O.C. He was a fine fellow, full of fun
+and life, a true comrade, an ideal officer, beloved by all who knew
+him.
+
+The following pathetic incident speaks of the attachment which springs
+up between officers and men, and incidentally testifies to the high
+esteem in which our late comrade was held by one who had exceptional
+opportunities for knowing him. Duty took me to the cemetery a few
+days after the burial, and I noticed standing at the graveside with
+uncovered and bowed head a soldier of the battalion. I could see that
+the lad was deeply affected, and inquired as to whether he had known
+Lieut. G----. 'Yes sir,' he replied; 'I was his orderly; and--I miss
+him so much.'
+
+Superstitions play a large part in the life of the average soldier,
+and frequently gain the ascendancy over common sense. Though rather
+reticent about expressing his religious views, he is in many respects
+intensely religious. He may admit being superstitious and even boast
+about it, or declare himself to be a fatalist. Fatalism in the
+vocabulary of the soldier is just another name for Providence.
+
+Few, if any, are afraid of death. They seldom give it a thought. The
+general belief is that if a man's 'time' has come, nothing can
+possibly avert it. Under this impression he goes into battle or takes
+up his position in the lines. He consistently refuses, however, to be
+a party to anything which is considered at all likely to
+precipitate the end. For instance, no amount of persuasion would
+induce him to be one of three to receive a light for his cigarette or
+pipe from the same match, and owing to the strange coincidences in
+connexion with the number thirteen, he is prepared to deny himself
+much.
+
+[Illustration: A silent tribute to the brave.]
+
+While soldiers are ever ready to avail themselves of every possible
+comfort when in the trenches, they hesitate to make use of a field
+service stretcher. They prefer to make their bed on the ground, under
+the impression that if they were to lie on stretchers in the trenches
+they would be carried out from the trenches on stretchers. One of a
+draft of reinforcements was attached to a platoon which had been
+detailed to proceed to the lines. On arrival, this man, despite many
+warnings from the others, took possession of a stretcher and used it
+as a bed. About eleven o'clock the following morning, the same
+stretcher was used to carry him back to the R.A.P. While working in
+the lines he was seriously wounded by a piece of shrapnel. It is
+hardly necessary to state that this man was completely won over to the
+belief which only the previous evening he had laughed at.
+
+At the head of a trench in the vicinity of Ploegsteert a rusted
+revolver which had been found by a working party was suspended from a
+short pole. It caught the eye of all who passed by on their way up the
+lines. Nearly every man was seen to touch that useless weapon. Upon
+making enquiries it was ascertained that a superstition had grown up
+round that revolver. It was supposed to possess a certain charm, and
+the men who merely touched it on their way into the line would be
+protected from all danger. Certainly many incidents occurred which
+tended to support the belief that the mud covered rusted revolver
+possessed all the remarkable miraculous powers attributed to it.
+
+In course of conversation with a soldier, I questioned the
+advisability of his proceeding to the trenches. 'Oh,' he declared, 'it
+is all right; no matter where I may be, if a shell has my number on
+it, I will have to take delivery, whether I like it or not.' While
+working in the lines a few days later a shell penetrated the parapet
+and buried its nose in the clay at the edge of the duck-boards.
+Allowing sufficient time to elapse to ascertain whether it was 'alive'
+(it proved to be a 'dud') he then examined the base of the shell, and
+was astonished to read thereon his regimental number.
+
+Such coincidences tend to strengthen the superstitious tendencies of
+the soldier, and the effect upon most minds is to lead them to believe
+that a man's death or deliverance is absolutely due to Fate, which is
+just another way of saying, 'There's a Divinity which shapes our ends,
+rough hew them as we may.'
+
+[Illustration: TO THE WIDOWS OF FRANCE]
+
+
+
+
+ON THE EVE OF BATTLE
+
+TO THE WIDOWS OF FRANCE
+
+
+    Eyes that have rained tears, lips that have trembled,
+      Twitching convulsively, torn with their grief.
+    Now face us bravely with pride undissembled,
+      Glad to have suffered to show their belief.
+
+    Troop upon troop of them, some walking singly,
+      Weaker ones plodding in pairs for support;
+    Mates to the spirits of men who were kingly,
+      Coming from Matins with old men's escort.
+
+    Ask them, ye watchers, inquire their elation,
+      Tell them ye wonder they bear them so brave.
+    Proudly they'll answer, 'La belle France, our nation,
+      Requires us to suffer, our country to save.'
+
+    To save from the maw of the great avaricious,
+      The cold scheming brain of a commerce run mad--
+    A commerce all-grasping and sordid and vicious;
+      For this are we martyred, for this are we glad.
+
+    Then the soul of the Springtime, the great resurrection,
+      Shines bright in their faces, they wave to the car,
+    Packed tight with our comrades, a cheery collection,
+      As we dash thro' the streets to the trenches afar.
+
+    And France comes to meet us, to cheer us and greet us,
+      As we race past the fields to the woods brightly green,
+    Whose young leaves half rustle with a great show of bustle
+      When we halt at the fairest of spots ever seen.[1]
+
+    Where the old kings of history, now shrouded in myst'ry,
+      Once hunted the boar, or the feather, or fur.
+    But we feel this is over as we wade thro' the clover,
+      No tyrant again in this great wood shall stir.
+
+    For France now demands it; however she stands it,
+      However those brave ones in thousands can smile,
+    Requires some explaining, so cease all complaining,
+      And come on and battle and make it worth while.
+
+    Yes! on to the thunder, tho' it's a blunder,
+      On to the swish and the whine and the roar;
+    With the memoried face of one you called 'treasure,'
+      Above and around and ever before.
+
+    Oh! thou in that homeland so wistfully waiting,
+      Watching and wearing your worries or woe,
+    So proudly triumphant, consider such women;
+      Work for them, pray for them, smile as you go.
+
+    For into the furnace they've thrown all their 'treasures,'
+      Knowing that out of the vibrating whole,
+    Quiveringly molten, pulsating, gleaming,
+      Europe shall find her immaculate soul--
+
+    Soul of the suff'ring, bleeding and dying,
+      Soul of a freedom unselfish and clean,
+    Loving the light of a love all around us,
+      Scorning the actions of men who are mean.
+
+    Oh! men who were kingly, mated to martyrs
+      (Silently, cheerfully, plodding along),
+    Send all ye can of such great souls to help us,
+      Make us and keep us triumphant and strong.
+
+    G.P. CUTTRISS and J.W. HOOD.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[1] Ploegsteert.
+
+
+
+
+'OVER THE TOP.'
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+From the time of our arrival in France until a week or two prior to
+the battle of Messines, general dissatisfaction was expressed by the
+troops because of the seeming slow progress that was being made. The
+men soon tired of the uneventful trench warfare. They were eager to go
+'over the top.' Defensive operations did not appeal to them; they were
+impatient to assume the offensive. To put it in their own language,
+they had enlisted not to dig trenches or repair roads, but to fight
+the Hun. Certainly the monotony was relieved by an occasional raid,
+for which work they earned for the Division a splendid reputation.
+The area which the Division occupied was known throughout France as
+the 'Nursery,' where men, new to the modern mode of waging war, had
+opportunity for gaining experience and getting accustomed to shell and
+machine-gun fire under comparatively safe conditions.
+
+During this period of 'marking time' the men were engaged both day and
+night on works of importance, without which an offensive would have
+meant sheer suicide. The elaborate preparations that were being made
+denoted that a big 'push' was contemplated. In connexion with this
+work, the pioneers and the engineers did magnificently.
+
+Everything was arranged according to well-conceived plans, and the
+preliminaries to an unprecedented offensive were completed by June 6.
+Guns of different calibre were massed at points of vantage, cleverly
+camouflaged to conceal them from enemy observation. Dumps were replete
+with the necessary supplies of ammunition, and scrupulous regard was
+paid to arrangements for keeping the lines of communication clear.
+Provision was made for the treatment of wounded and their evacuation,
+and for the burial of the killed. Refreshment stalls were established
+at convenient points, where the attacking troops and the wounded could
+receive hot coffee and biscuits. Nothing that could be done for the
+comfort of the men and to ensure the success of the venture was
+overlooked.
+
+Only those who are actually at the Front have any conception of the
+amount of work involved in assuming the aggressive. The staff
+responsible for perfecting the organization are deserving of the
+highest praise. There had been numerous rumours in connexion with
+mines. The air was electric, the men were confident, and all were
+determined to do their level best to uphold the splendid traditions
+bequeathed by older Australian units.
+
+During the night preceding the dawn of June 6 the troops who were to
+take part in the attack marched to their respective assembling
+points. The march was uneventful up to a certain stage, after which
+large clouds of gas were encountered, which rendered necessary the
+wearing of respirators. Despite the sickly sensation produced by the
+inhalation of gas, the troops advanced. There is much to be written of
+the latter part of the approach march, but that will be recorded by
+others. It is sufficient to state that certain unforeseen events
+threatened to seriously disorganize things, but these were overcome as
+they were met with.
+
+Almost simultaneously with the first faint streak of the dawn of June
+7 the mines at Hill 60 and St. Yves were exploded. The sight was
+awe-inspiring, and the ground trembled as if in the throes of an
+agonizing palsy. On the tick of the appointed time our 'boys' went
+'over the top.' It was for this experience that they had worked and
+waited. They advanced immediately behind the barrage so consistently
+sustained by the artillery, and in the face of a terrific fusilade of
+machine-gun fire which seemed to leap upon them from almost every
+angle. Some of the enemy machine-guns were captured by our troops, who
+used them with deadly effect upon the then retiring foe. All the
+objectives were obtained with clock-like precision. Again and again
+the victorious troops were subjected to withering counter-attacks, and
+shells fell around them like hail. There was no faltering. They held
+the recovered ground in the face of a merciless tornado of steel and
+bullets.
+
+As the infantry advanced, the pioneers and engineers followed, digging
+trenches, extending tramways, and keeping the lines of communication
+clear. No pen, however facile, could give the true lines to the
+picture. Ordinary language is inadequate to express all that was
+achieved, seen, and felt. The men did splendidly. The respective work
+of the several services was perfectly co-ordinated, so much so that
+after the 'stunt' it seemed as if a mutual admiration society had been
+spontaneously organized. The infantry congratulated the Flying Corps,
+the Flying Corps complimented the Artillery, and both Artillery and
+Flying Corps were loud in their praise of the dauntless Infantry. All
+did their part, and the taking of Messines will probably be chronicled
+as one of the greatest, if not the greatest, of battles in connexion
+with this world-war.
+
+Prior to this engagement the Third Division had experienced but a
+sprinkling of fire, but during its progress it received its baptism,
+and emerged from the battle with a reputation of which any unit might
+be proud. It was a stupendous task, a severe test for the 'baby'
+Division, but every man rose to the occasion. The wounded were
+cheerful, the dead died gloriously, and those of us who are alive and
+remain are proud to have had some part in such an important and
+eminently successful undertaking.
+
+There were many acts of heroism, some of which have been officially
+recognized. The Australians have the utmost contempt for the enemy as
+fighting men. They declare that if the artillery and air-craft were
+eliminated they would be prepared to give the enemy the benefit of
+odds in hand-to-hand fighting.
+
+One instance will suffice to illustrate their indomitable spirit.
+While the 'push' was in progress, a man who, in his own words, had
+'stopped one,' was carried to an R.A.P. His wounds were numerous and
+rather serious. Two fingers of the left hand had been blown off, his
+right arm was shattered, his head and neck were much cut about, and
+blood oozed from wounds on his chest. This man had got a 'Blighty,'
+but he did not appear to be at all pleased. It should be stated that
+the men who receive wounds sufficiently serious to warrant their being
+sent to hospitals in England are considered, and consider themselves,
+very fortunate. He was disappointed because he was wounded, not that
+he complained about his disfigurement or the pain. I expressed my
+sympathy and wished him a speedy recovery and a happy time in
+'Blighty,' and suggested that possibly there would be no need for him
+to return, for the Hun might soon be driven out from Belgium. He eyed
+me unflinchingly, and endeavoured to raise himself on his uninjured
+elbow, and then blurted out, 'It is just as well for the ---- Huns
+that I got wounded.' These were not the exact words he used. There
+were many accompanying adjectives, without which the vocabulary of the
+Australian would be very limited indeed. This big-hearted,
+whole-souled, hefty 'Westralian' seemed to think that the issue to
+that particular 'push' depended absolutely upon him.
+
+The men of the Third Division have now had the experience which many
+had longed for. Going 'over the top' was not quite so romantic as
+fancy had pictured it to be, and the experience which is common to all
+who take part in it for the first time defies expression. A peculiar
+sensation creeps annoyingly slowly along the spinal column, subtly
+affecting every member of the body. There's a gripping of the heart
+and a numbing of the brain, and the tongue persistently cleaves to the
+roof of the mouth, which seems as dry as powdered chalk. A choking
+sensation accompanies every effort to cough. You may be in the
+stepping-off trench or lying face-down on the churned-up mud out on
+'no man's land,' waiting for the signal to 'go.' The seconds tick
+slowly by, the minutes are leaden-footed in their passing, and seem
+like eternities. The eyes are almost blinded through the strain of
+peering into darkness, the imagination runs riot, grotesque shapes are
+conjured into view, only to be dissipated by a solitary flare or a
+series of gun-flashes. The fact that it is raining and you are lying
+in a gradually deepening pool of water occasions no concern. What
+matters most is that your puttees are frayed or your boots in need of
+repair, but you console yourself with the thought that after the
+'stunt' it will be easy to get a new outfit, and maybe you commence to
+make plans as to how you will spend your leave. You appear to be quite
+oblivious to the fact that the next moment may be your last.
+
+Ages roll by; suddenly you are conscious of somebody by your side; you
+make an attempt to smile, when at the same instant the ground trembles
+as if in the throes of a tremendous earthquake; flash after flash in
+quick succession; the air vibrates with noises that deafen; hundreds
+of shells hurtle overhead. 'That's 'er,' shouts the man by your side.
+You are pleased that something has happened to divert your mind from
+its morbid fancyings. This is the 'Dinkum.' The electrical effect upon
+your mind and body is wonderful. You break from the shackles that fear
+and fancy have thrown round you. The reports of terrific explosions
+rend the air, you grip frantically at the soft mud to prevent yourself
+being hurled through space. Somebody from somewhere makes a sign, and
+in a moment you are erect and speeding in the direction of the enemy
+lines. There is but one thought in the mind as you allow your hand to
+tighten round your rifle--to gain your objective. Heaven help the Hun
+who attempts to frustrate you. 'Hurrah!' The wire has been smashed to
+smithereens, and in less time than it takes to describe you are 'over
+the top'--close up to the enemy line. You stumble forward, onward,
+without noticing the broken nature of the ground. The sight of the
+enemy rushing towards you with hands well above their heads, shouting
+'Kamerad,' or fleeing before your advance, excites greater enthusiasm.
+
+You begin to notice other things. Possibly the first thing that dawns
+upon your mind is that others are taking part in the business--that
+you are not alone. Then you notice the effect of our shell-fire; this
+inspires greater confidence, and involuntarily you thank heaven for
+such splendid artillery. Then you notice little heaps clad in familiar
+khaki--they are what remain of comrades who have sealed their love of
+country with their blood. You observe others wandering aimlessly
+about, suffering from shell-shock; or the gallant stretcher-bearers,
+regardless of all danger, attending to the wounded and carrying them
+back for treatment. The sight does not grieve or shock you--only
+surprise is evinced by a change in facial expression. You just carry
+on--the shock and grief will come later. You just grit your teeth and
+take a fresh grip of your rifle and go forward with greater
+determination to strike a blow in the cause of freedom and honour.
+Maybe you reach your objective, your clothes sodden with sticky,
+clammy mud and possibly the red of your own blood showing through.
+
+The whole thing has been like some dream of adventure with wild
+beasts; but there is firmly embedded in your consciousness the
+knowledge that you have done the job. Other waves of men pass through
+the line which you have wrested from the Hun; you cheer them as they
+pass, and then dig in for all you are worth.
+
+A few days later there appears in the daily papers, under the heading
+of 'British Official,' that the troops penetrated the enemy's lines to
+such and such a depth, and have bravely withstood several terrific
+counter-attacks; and war correspondents will cable the news to our
+waiting people of the Homeland that the 'boys' magnificently stormed
+and won additional fame; but if you want it in the every-day language
+of the man from 'down under,' he merely went 'over the top.'
+
+After the rush there is no time for rest. The recovered ground must be
+retained. New positions have to be consolidated, fresh gun positions
+have to be constructed. The lines must be made habitable. The dead
+have to be buried. The efficient and expeditious manner in which this
+work was accomplished established the Third Division's right to full
+participation in the honour and glory of the taking and holding of
+Messines by the Second Anzacs.
+
+
+
+
+SHELLS: A FEW SMILES AND A CONTRAST
+
+
+When the guns begin to speak, and shells are hurtling through the air,
+places of shelter are resorted to. These places are not always
+shell-proof, but they serve as a protection against splinters. There
+are few places that would withstand the effects of a direct hit by a
+heavy shell, but one feels perfectly safe with even a sheet of iron
+overhead. The effects of an explosion are very local, and the chances
+of a direct hit are very remote. The first law of nature takes
+precedence during a bombardment. Precaution is esteemed to be much
+better than a blanket and burial.
+
+In and about the towns at the back of the lines where the troops are
+billeted there are a sprinkling of civilians. When these places are
+being shelled they display no fear. Occasionally elderly people will
+cover their heads with their hands and seek shelter in the cellars,
+while the soldier, ostrich-like, is quite contented provided he has
+some protection for his head, but the majority continue with their
+work as in normal times. When the civilians were questioned as to
+whether they were afraid of the enemy breaking through and carrying
+them off or killing them, they would confidently reply, 'Oh, no!
+British between.' They feel perfectly safe, knowing that the British
+are between them and the Hun.
+
+Many of them have good reason to remember the time when the enemy were
+in occupation of the town. In some instances the Germans have been
+highly spoken of. I give credence to every good report. Personally, we
+bear them no ill-will. We detest the system which has made them what
+they are, and we are here to crush it, and sincerely hope that the men
+of the German race who, however, mistaken, are ready to lay down their
+lives for their country, may emerge from this war and be re-made on
+the anvil of defeat, and in the days to be redeem to honour the name
+which to-day is the synonym for all that is brutal and abhorrent.
+
+That all of them are not filled with implacable hatred towards the
+British is evidenced in the following incident. We attempted to raid
+the enemy trenches. The weather was bitterly cold and the night was
+dark. Our artillery put over a heavy barrage, after which the raiding
+party went forth; they crept forward over the muddy ground, and
+entered the German lines. Several casualties were sustained during the
+operations. When our men returned to their trenches, it was discovered
+that one of the raiding party was missing. When the noise of the
+counter-barrage had died down, a cry for help was distinctly heard by
+our front line troops. It came from 'no man's land.' A couple of
+stretcher-bearers and two men went out in search of the one in
+distress. While groping about amongst the wire in the darkness, they
+heard the Germans assuring the man for whom they were searching that
+he would be all right. Suddenly the enemy turned a trench searchlight
+on to 'no man's land,' and by this light the search party were guided
+to their wounded comrade. The light was kept on him until he was
+rescued, and was then used to guide the party back to their own lines.
+During this time no shot was fired. This was a humane action indeed.
+
+All the Huns, however, are not so humanely disposed. In connexion with
+another raid on the enemy trenches, our men met with violent
+opposition, but succeeded in obtaining their objective. When
+returning, a few of the party were wounded--one very seriously. He was
+unable to make his way back. The Germans got him, stripped him of his
+uniform, and left him against the wire. The weather being intensely
+cold, the man soon died from exposure. These two incidents illustrate
+the two extremes in the attitude of the Huns towards the British. One
+was a brutal act of hatred, the other a humane act, which commends
+itself to both friend and foe.
+
+[Illustration: To see ourselves as others see us.]
+
+The Germans have been credited with almost every conceivable
+atrocity that man is capable of perpetrating. Whether these
+brutalities are perpetrated with the sanction of the German
+authorities, or are merely the expression of individual hatred, one is
+not prepared to state. We have ceased to be angry with or alarmed at
+their tactics of intimidation. We interpret every act of frightfulness
+as evidence of desperate conditions. The only effect that such
+devilish methods have upon the men in the lines is to make them more
+determined to crush the mad and murderous spirit of militarism which
+holds the Hun in its merciless grip.
+
+During ordinary trench warfare the enemy appears to concentrate his
+artillery fire on to the towns and villages at the back of our lines.
+Villages have been practically eliminated and large towns reduced to a
+heap of ruins. The destruction of these places is of no military
+consequence. It is pure vandalism.
+
+Bairnsfather's sketches portraying the humour and coolness that such
+critical conditions create are in no particular exaggerated. A
+certain building, prominently situated in a fairly large town, within
+easy range of the enemy guns, was being used as B.H.Qs. It afforded
+accommodation for about twelve officers and as many other ranks. The
+outskirts of the town had been subjected to severe shelling during the
+day. Towards evening the shelling ceased, but commenced again about
+midnight; on this occasion the shells were directed more to the centre
+of the town. Pieces of iron and a hail of shrapnel descended upon the
+roof of our billet. All were awakened by the noise. From different
+parts of the building the same query was advanced: 'Are you all
+right?' Then a hurried conference was held, and the C.O. decided that
+discretion was the better part of valour. With the aid of electric
+torches we collected our blankets, etc., and descended to the cellar.
+Everybody was cheerful. The report of the guns somewhere along the
+enemy's lines was heard distinctly, and we would wait for the swish of
+the shells as they hurtled through the air. Almost simultaneously
+with the swish would come the crash followed by the sound of breaking
+glass and falling bricks, and involuntarily we exclaimed in chorus,
+'Another one in.' We thought of the poor devils who may have been in
+the vicinity where the shell exploded, and various expressions of
+sympathy escaped from our lips. Almost immediately on reaching the
+cellar, there was a terrific explosion, and one of the chimneys of the
+building crashed into the cellar. Gradually we lost interest and
+became almost indifferent to what was going on. One by one we repaired
+to our improvised beds on the floor. Sometimes one would have
+difficulty in wooing the goddess of sleep, and his persistency in
+asking questions was exceeded only by the annoyance experienced by
+those to whom the questions were addressed. The usual question of the
+sleepless individual is 'Where did that one land?' and the answer with
+some accompanying adjectives is invariably, 'I am more concerned about
+where the next one will land.'
+
+[Illustration: With the aid of electric torches ... we descended to
+the cellar.]
+
+The enemy generally commences shelling these places at the close of
+day, and the men have described these operations as 'The Hun's evening
+hate.' On one occasion a certain village was being strafed. Several
+men of a certain battalion were on the road at the time. They quickly
+availed themselves of the shelter of a cellar. The building was hit
+several times. Shortly after the bombardment commenced a man leading a
+mule was observed, coming along the road. He was invited to take
+shelter in the cellar. The invitation was accepted with alacrity. The
+mule was tethered to the window-sill, and the man was soon in their
+midst. Shells continued to burst overhead and round about. The
+newcomer proved to be a blessing. He soon had the men laughing despite
+the noise and danger. When a shell burst in close proximity to the
+building, he evinced great concern for the safety of his mule. 'My
+poor old "donk,"' he would exclaim; 'there goes his tail.' Another
+burst: 'There goes his hind-quarters.' It seemed impossible for the
+mule to escape injury or death. Turning to his companions he
+declared that he would carry part of that mule back. If his head were
+left intact he would gather the harness and wrap it round the head and
+carry it back to the lines, and if the O.C. transport asked where the
+'donk' was, he would say, 'Shot from under me, sir.' Suddenly the
+shelling ceased, and they emerged from their shelter. The mule's
+master was the first outside. He fully expected to see but a
+blood-stain on the spot where he had left the beast, but to his great
+surprise and satisfaction he saw the mule serenely nibbling at the
+grass growing alongside the building. The old 'donk' had not sustained
+an injury. To say that he was proud to lead a whole mule back to his
+quarters instead of having to carry only its head, is an altogether
+inadequate way of describing his actual feelings.
+
+[Illustration: 'Did you hear that one, Bill?']
+
+'Did you hear that one, Bill?' asked one man of another who had come
+along the shell-swept road rather hurriedly.
+
+'Yes,' replied the nearly exhausted man, 'I heard it twice; once when
+it passed me, and again when I passed it.'
+
+
+
+
+MESSINES
+
+JUNE 7, 1917
+
+
+    A shell-struck souvenir of hellish war,
+      A monument of man's stupendous hate!
+    Can this have been a Paradise before,
+      Now up-blown, blasted, drear and desolate?
+    Aye, once with smiling and contented face
+    She reigned a queen above a charming place.
+
+    But soon the sport of leaders and of kings
+      Transformed her to a resting-place for guns,
+    Rude scars across her breasts the worker flings,
+      To shelter countless hordes of hell-born Huns,
+    The while, upon the next opposing crest,
+    Our men died gamely as they did their best.
+
+    And thus for years, with cold, relentless zeal,
+      With fiendish science both sides fought and watched,
+    From loop-holes or from clouds which half conceal,
+      Or in deep tunnels all their skill was matched.
+    On sentry in the firebay, or the hov'ring 'plane,
+    Mining and countermining yet again.
+
+    And far behind such scenes, great engineers
+      Pondered o'er problems without parallel.
+    And planned with wisdom of a thousand years,
+      To blow the other to eternal Hell.
+    Their calculations left no callous scheme untried,
+    To slaughter hundreds of the other side.
+
+    But hush! the whole machinery's complete,
+      All plans are folded and the great work's done,
+    The work of building up to cause defeat--
+      The lever's pulled, and, lo! a new work has begun.
+    The task of falling on a shattered foe,
+    And doing things undreamed-of years ago.
+
+    Hush! hark! A mighty rumbling roar breaks thro',
+     And see! Her crest-line leaps into a flame,
+    The foul disease within her bowels she blew
+      High into the air to rid her of her shame;
+    In one huge vomit she now flings her filth,
+    Far o'er the country in a powdered 'tilth.'
+
+    And so the vassals of a fiendish foe
+      Are scattered far and wide into a dust.
+    Those who have revelled as they wreaked red woe,
+      A shattered sample of their own blood-lust.
+    Whilst from our hill-crest and its catacomb,
+    A new life comes a-pouring from the tomb.
+
+    Eager, and burning with the zeal of youth,
+      Our Second Anzacs sprang from out the ground,
+    Bound by their mateships and their love of truth,
+      The Third Division its new soul has found;
+    Straight o'er the top amidst a hail of shell
+    To their objective which they knew so well.
+
+    On, on, thro' poison gas and rattling roar,
+      Past ulc'rous craters, blackened foul and deep,
+    These comrades 'stuck' as ne'er they had before.
+      And kept together in their rushing sweep;
+    Deafened and rattled, hung up in the wire,
+    Helping each other thro' such fearful fire.
+
+    On still until they reached the furthest goal,
+      There to dig in and hold the new-won line.
+    By linking up each torn and shattered hole--
+      By no means easy, but their grit was fine--
+    They fought and worked like demons till the dawn,
+    Harried and pestered by the 'Kaiser's spawn.'
+
+    And, baffled from his gun-pits far away,
+      Low-down, well south, an angry foe doth roar,
+    He opens out again upon another day
+      And rakes the slope with shrapnel as before.
+    But only working parties on the top are found,
+    The rest, save A.M.C., are underground.
+
+    Strange sights are seen upon that battle-ground,
+      But stranger still are unearthed from below;
+    Here many supermen may now be found,
+      Just watch those stretcher-bearers where _they_ go,
+    And see those parties bearing food and drink,
+    Past all those blizzard shells--then stand and think!
+
+    But one poor shell-crazed loon roamed far and wide;
+      Sweat-grimed, wild-eyed, and now bereft of all.
+    'Me mates? W'ere is my mates?' he plaintive cried,
+      'They's in that 'ole with ME when IT did fall.'
+    We took him to three huddled heaps near by,
+    But he roamed on as tho' he wished to die.
+
+    And as the sun's great light bursts o'er the scene,
+      _La Petit Douve_, one-time a sparkling stream,
+    Now sluggish slides, red-tinted, she has been
+      Past horrors thro' the night and _did not dream_.
+    For many days she'll, silent, strive to bear
+    Such human wreckage down a path once fair.
+
+G.P. CUTTRISS and J.W. HOOD.
+
+[Illustration: The illustrator feeling happy, yet looking 'board.']
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+BILL THE BUGLER
+
+
+I well remember when the subject of this sketch 'joined up.' He was
+small of stature, and his general appearance was by no means
+prepossessing. That he had seen a good deal of the world was very
+evident, even to the most superficial observer. His language was
+picturesque, though not profane. A few weeks sufficed to 'lick him
+into shape,' and he presented a fairly tolerable figure in uniform. At
+spinning yarns he was an adept, and at camp concerts could invariably
+be depended upon for an item or two, always of a humorous nature.
+
+Bill quickly established himself amongst the 'boys' as a general
+favourite. This enviable position he still occupies. On account of
+his duties as bugler requiring him to be one of the first up in the
+morning, and one of the last to retire at night, he sought a change of
+duty. He became a bandsman, then a stretcher-bearer, and eventually
+was detailed to assist in a cook-house--in cook-house terminology an
+'off-sider.'
+
+Though Bill had as much military experience as most of us, we could
+not think of him as a soldier. That our opinion of him was justified
+the following incident will illustrate. A party of officers, including
+a staff-major, was inspecting cooking and billeting arrangements in
+our quarters. Bill, who happened to have a couple of hours off that
+day, was strolling towards the party. He was in cook-house
+attire--tunicless, his hat well back on his head, shirt-sleeves rolled
+to the elbow, hands deep in his breeches pockets, a cigarette between
+his lips. Regardless of the critical eyes which were focused upon him,
+he sauntered leisurely towards the officers, and when in line with
+them he nodded and said 'Good-day.' The officers stopped, and one of
+them peremptorily inquired, 'Aren't you a soldier?' 'Oh, no,' he
+replied; 'I'm D Company's cook!' His reply so amused the officers that
+he was allowed to continue on his way without being reminded that as a
+soldier he was required to salute all officers.
+
+After spending a few weeks in the cook-house, he asked permission to
+go to the trenches when the battalion went into the line. The transfer
+was effected, and he made a start with real soldiering. No amount of
+discipline could transform him from the free-from-care,
+do-as-you-please individual into the polished soldier. One evening he
+was posted over the gas-alert in the front line trenches, when a shell
+exploded a few yards in front of him. The explosion caused his hat to
+disappear and the concussion projected him into a dug-out. Only the
+solidity of the wall prevented him from going further; as it was, the
+force with which he was hurled against the side of the dug-out made a
+deep impression on the damp wall. He lay in a motionless heap in the
+corner of the dug-out. A N.C.O. rushed along the duck-boards, thrust
+his head into the dug-out, and anxiously inquired of Bill as to
+whether he was hurt. Bill by this time had partially recovered from
+the shock. His small steel-grey eyes gradually opened. The N.C.O.
+again asked if he were hurt. Bill's eyes rolled, his lips moved, and
+then he blurted out, 'Oh, no, only my feelings!'
+
+Bill is not a man to make a fuss about anything. He has no time for
+red-tape in any shape or form, it is true, but whatever work is
+assigned him is always done satisfactorily. Whether he is any less a
+soldier or his efficiency as a fighting force impaired because of his
+failure to meet the rigid requirements of an exacting military
+regulation is a matter concerning which there might be a difference of
+opinion; but this at least stands to his credit: he knows no fear, is
+the life of the unit, and the battalion to which he belongs would
+sustain a distinct loss by the removal of Bugler Bill, &c.
+
+
+
+
+A TRAGEDY OF THE WAR
+
+
+    From strife they now march back to smiling farms,
+      Recoiling from the crash and smoke and roar.
+    Meadows, all verdant, faerie fields, whose charms
+      Serve for a space to make them as before.
+      And peaceful pictures of the days of yore,
+    With thrilling thoughts of those they left behind
+      Flash thro' the mental vision, and a score
+    Of letters brightly occupy the mind
+    Without a care, or woe, or doubt of any kind.
+
+    Anon they journey from this place of rest
+      By night or early dawn back to the brink
+    Of that volcanic crater where the best
+      Sit tight, scarce caring if they swim or sink.
+      Silent they bear it, as they quietly think
+    The end approaching to their life at last,
+      And face each other, with a smile or wink
+    Outwardly stoic, tho' their hearts beat fast
+    As, thumping down, great shells come racing in and past.
+
+    Erase such thoughts from out the o'er-wrought brain,
+      Think rather of this freshness, and the sight
+    Of nature in her harvest dress, refrain
+      From plunging into the eternal night.
+      Such contrasts seem the only choice by right
+    Of those who battle for the joy of life.
+      Out on this troubled spot where Armies fight,
+    And peasants labour just behind such strife
+    Shorthandedly, unhelped, save by a child or wife.
+
+    So come with me down hedgerows, down the glades,
+      And thro' the cosy glens, till far away
+    We come unto a hill-crest--lights and shades,
+      Bright coloured landscapes far below us lay,
+      Blue mists and fields of yellow corn and hay,
+    In rows like soldiers, now the tired eyes see,
+      And poplars guard the distant dim roadway,
+    Whilst near the wind sighs thro' the acorn-tree,
+    Till one feels hushed, serene, contented, almost free.
+
+    And here, tucked back behind a leafy lane,
+      Low in a pocket of some sheltered ground,
+    An unpretentious farm, so snug and plain,
+      An invitation in itself; when found,
+      Only a whining howl like dingoes' sound,
+    Reminds one that there is a war near by.
+      The tools of peace see littered here around,
+    Weapons by which men learn to live, not die:
+    A plough, a drill, and there a binder standing nigh.
+
+    '_Bon jour, m'sieurs_,' a little hunchback cries;
+      A wizened, twisted human form divine;
+    She flashed a look of welcome from her eyes,
+      From which the soul of ages seem to shine.
+      '_Entrez_,' she welcomed, and her face looked fine,
+    As proudly bustling o'er her clean stone floor
+      She bade us linger, eat, and drink her wine.
+    Refreshed with food and drink, we loiter more
+    Within such cool retreat, delaying '_Au revoir_.'
+
+    And soon the human tragedy in course
+      Of progress thro' that little home becomes
+    Clear to the senses, and to us much worse
+      Compared with our Australia's peaceful homes.
+      For, oh, the pity, as one's vision roams
+    From there to here, and back on wings again;
+      A rush of feeling and emotion comes,
+    Whilst hearing this contorted piece of pain,
+    The stirring times of all their troubled lives explain.
+
+    For she to whom Fate seemed at first unkind,
+      Now lives an angel in a higher sphere.
+    This pained and twisted cripple seemed to find
+      Pleasure in living for her kinsfolk dear.
+      Hard work an honour, in her duty clear
+    To wives of brothers in the fighting line;
+      Women and children gather round her here;
+    For round their hearts her nature did entwine,
+    Her beaming face proclaimed 'See, Anglaise, they are mine.'
+
+    And all around these chubby children play,
+      Dirty, but happy, fed and cared for well,
+    With ne'er a troubled thought the live-long day,
+      For they know little of adjacent hell.
+    The hunchback warns us we are not to tell
+      About the 'Allemagne' whilst they are nigh,
+    Since all have known him in the past too well.
+      'Let them forget it as we often try.
+      _C'est la guerre_,' she said, and quickly brushed her eye.
+
+    And then she whispers, as we loiter near,
+      The story of their young lives years ago,
+    When, snatched from cradles, with a frenzied fear,
+      Their mothers hurried on before the foe;
+    Their men defend and screen them as they go,
+      And fight a rearguard action with the brute,
+    Who cares not for their agony or woe,
+      But only for the blood-streams and the loot.
+      And now she sees us watching one poor little mute:
+      'Ah! this one?' and she pointed to the dot
+      Who sat alone, and smiled to vacant space,
+    'Waits for her mother; very hard her lot;
+      For years now has she waited in her place.
+    "Where is her mother?" I can never trace
+      Somewhere beyond across "the no man's way."
+    Some day, perhaps,' she cried, with yearning face.
+      The tiny mite, tho' happy, could not play,
+      Except with little restless hands all day.
+
+    'Sometimes the shell come here right by,' she said.
+      'The other day, when I what you call wash,
+    A big boom quickly pass above my head,
+      And fall out in the field with a big crash.
+    But, oh, those children, they so very rash,
+      They know so little of the dreadful doom.
+    I come in time to save a fearful crash,
+      And catch them with the nose-cap in this room--
+      The nose-cap, unexhausted, from the boom.'
+
+    And then we start, inclined to say farewell.
+      We try to brighten up the little maid
+    Who sits alone, perhaps in faerie dell;
+      For she doth seem not in the least afraid.
+    She, smiling, takes the pennies which we lay
+      Within her hands, tho' distant is her smile;
+    And for a space she seemed with them to play,
+      But drops them ere we're scarcely gone, awhile
+      We wander back, half dumb, hard, thinking for a mile.
+
+G.P. CUTTRISS and J.W. HOOD.
+
+[Illustration: "She, smiling, takes the pennies which we lay
+Within her hands...."]
+
+
+
+
+RECREATION BEHIND THE LINES
+
+[Illustration: The Horse Show]
+
+
+The military authorities have ever recognized the importance and value
+of recreation in connexion with the training of men. They realize that
+'all work and no play makes Tommy a dull boy'; and the provision that
+has been made for recreation and amusement for the 'boys' commands the
+deepest appreciation of both rank and file. The Australian is
+unaccustomed to the rigid restrictions of an inflexible military
+régime, and a temporary relaxation contributes much towards
+eliminating that feeling of 'fed-upness' to which he is so susceptible
+under monotonous and trying conditions, and certainly assists in
+making him a less dissatisfied soldier.
+
+The sporting instinct is so ingrained in the average Australian that
+amusement and athletics have become part and parcel of his life, and
+his efficiency as a fighting force has been increased in consequence.
+His well-knit, muscular frame, and cheerful, free-from-care
+disposition, and love for clean sport, have won for him a place in the
+estimation of those who know and understand him, which is the envy of
+many. Australia has given to the world champions in almost every
+branch of sport, and the traditions which have been established on the
+football and cricket fields and in athletic circles in years preceding
+the war are being upheld and added to by her sons 'somewhere in
+France.'
+
+A General's task is by no means an easy one. He has to safeguard
+against dissatisfaction, which invariably is the primary cause of
+breaches of discipline. He requires to be tactful in the handling of
+his command, gain the confidence of the men, and enlist their
+undivided support; yet every consideration must be subordinate to the
+supreme task of winning the war. His methods must be such as will
+exact prompt obedience and beget respect, without imposing undue
+hardships and punishment.
+
+The Third Division is exceedingly fortunate in having Major-General
+John Monash, C.B., V.D., in command. He is a popular and painstaking
+officer, a born leader, a strict disciplinarian, possessed of tireless
+energy. He has not spared himself in his efforts to establish and
+maintain a high standard of efficiency amongst all ranks. The G.O.C.
+set himself to put his men right and succeeded. He has a wonderfully
+comprehensive grip over every branch of activity, and woe betide the
+officer or man who is indifferent to or negligent of the duties
+entrusted to him. Any proposition calculated to benefit the men has
+always been favourably considered, and he has frequently been an
+interested spectator of various games that have been played just
+behind the lines. As a result there is little if any disaffection
+among the men of the Division. Major-General Monash has encouraged by
+approval and assistance various forms of recreation and entertainment.
+The splendid fighting record of the Third speaks eloquently of his
+capable leadership and the rousing and prolonged cheering which greets
+him when presiding over or addressing an assembly of his men leaves no
+doubt in the mind as to his popularity.
+
+[Illustration: Off to the Horse Show.]
+
+For a few months after our arrival in France, a cinema afforded
+nightly entertainment. It was well patronized by the troops. The
+building used had seating accommodation for about seven hundred, and
+generally long before the hour of opening a queue of soldiers would
+assemble. There was no pushing or scrambling for tickets. The
+Australian good-humouredly submitted to the queue system, and
+patiently waited his turn. Mr. Frank Beaurepeare, of swimming fame,
+successfully managed the picture show, and eventually got together a
+few vocalists and comedians, who were organized into a pierrot group.
+These men were relieved from other duties during the comparatively
+quiet periods. Eventually a couple of talented Tommies were added to
+the group, which came to be designated the Coo-ees, under the
+direction of Mr. Dixon, the capable and energetic successor to Mr.
+F.B. Beaurepeare. In addition to performing every evening, the Coo-ees
+frequently gave out-door concerts during the day or in the men's
+billets, after the evening entertainment. A nominal charge for
+admission was made, and the proceeds were used to augment the
+Divisional Funds, which are used for the benefit of the men. These
+entertainments were given within easy range of the enemy guns. On
+several occasions shells fell in the vicinity of the hall, but few
+casualties were reported.
+
+In addition to affording amusement, the Coo-ees did invaluable work
+during engagements. They either acted as stretcher-bearers or
+dispensed refreshments to the troops as they went forward to or
+returned from the trenches. They were located at dressing-stations
+or at R.A.P.'s. It is generally hoped that the party as at present
+constituted will be available after the war for the purpose of giving
+entertainments in Australia such as they gave to the tired
+war-hardened troops 'somewhere in France.'
+
+[Illustration: 'Sweet and Low' by the quartette party always brought
+forth rounds of applause.
+Costumes were procured, and the programmes submitted were highly
+creditable and greatly appreciated. The quartette party was
+exceedingly popular, and never failed to please the 'boys.']
+
+[Illustration: 'Try it a little softer.' Taff Williams, Musical
+Director]
+
+Periodically horse shows and sports were arranged by D.H.Q.
+Substantial prizes and valuable trophies were awarded the successful
+competitors. The day's proceedings would be enlivened by band music.
+Impersonations of the world's mirth maker, Charlie Chaplin, and
+Australian 'sun-downers,' were decidedly clever and afforded much
+amusement. Horse shows always attract large attendances, and any
+vehicle going in the direction of the show grounds was practically
+commandeered by the tired but interested troops. They have a
+partiality, however, for 'M.T.' lorries. For weeks prior to the event,
+men would spend every available minute polishing chains, cleaning
+harness, painting vehicles, and grooming horses. Every unit has its
+admirers and supporters, and all events were keenly contested.
+
+[Illustration: Sir Douglas Haig, G.C.B., G.C.V.O., and Sir A.J.
+Godley, K.C.B., K.C.M.G., at the 2nd Anzac Horse Show.]
+
+In addition to horse shows and sports organized by D.H.Q., the
+brigades and battalions within the Division arrange for fête days
+whenever opportunity offers. The manner in which these are carried out
+reflects the highest credit upon those responsible for their
+organization, and they have materially helped to bring about a better
+understanding between officers and men. Games appropriate to the
+season are played at the back of the lines. The ground selected for
+football or cricket may be shell-marked, and the materials used
+roughly made and incomplete. Football matches between different units
+have been as keenly contested on the muddy and broken fields of
+Belgium and France as those that have been played on the specially
+prepared grounds of the Homeland. The Australians have held their own
+against other units in both cricket and football.
+
+For those who find such games too strenuous, indoor games are provided
+by the Australian Comforts Fund, the Y.M.C.A., or the League of Loyal
+Women of Australia. A circulating library is usually connected with
+the Y.M.C.A. or Church Army huts, so that practically every taste is
+catered for. An institution is justified in its existence by what it
+produces. Judged according to this canon, the various organizations
+which cater for the amusement and recreation of our fighting men have
+infallibly demonstrated their right to be, and should command the
+practical support of all who are interested in the well-being of our
+fighting men.
+
+
+
+
+FOR THE CAUSE OF THE EMPIRE
+
+
+Irrespective of the state which sent us forth, and despite our
+denominational and political differences, we are undivided in our
+admiration of those who, in the enthusiasm of deathless devotion, have
+made the supreme sacrifice for King and country. Words are inadequate
+to express the tribute which we would pay to the memory of our brave
+dead. We are beginning to value heroism more truly, and have not been
+blind to the valour of those who have fallen in the effort to uphold
+the honour and flag of the Empire. The story of their deeds makes the
+heart beat faster. Many have discovered that the most glorious use to
+which life could be put was to give it away. When the smoke has lifted
+and the noise died down, the confession made and the true history of
+this war written, then we shall see their heroism in the right light,
+and more fully appreciate their sacrifice in the interests of justice
+and honour. It matters not where they died--in hospital, on troopship,
+or on the battlefield; their presence in the Army was sufficient
+evidence of their willingness to bear their share of the cost in
+sacrifice that had to be made before the end could be achieved. They
+died as few men get the opportunity to die, fighting for all that is
+most worth while--for God, and right, and liberty--which is just
+another way of stating that they gave their lives for the glorious
+cause of the Empire.
+
+The general impression is that the Empire consists of an aggregation
+of people, in possession of vast territories and enormous wealth: that
+it consists of Great Britain, Canada, India, South Africa, Australia,
+New Zealand, &c. Many cannot think of the Empire but in terms of
+territory, money, and men. The British Empire, like the Kingdom of
+God, is invisible. These material things are but the practical
+expression of great forces and unalterable principles such as freedom,
+democracy, justice, and faith, which lie at the very base of our
+national life. It is for the retention and general enjoyment of these
+things that we are fighting. We are not fighting for France, Belgium,
+nor even for the Empire, as it is generally regarded, but for the
+enforcement of those standards of justice and honour which have made
+us the greatest nation in the world. It is not a war of retaliation
+nor aggression, but a war to redress wrong, to succour the weak and
+down-trodden.
+
+There is not lacking evidence that beneath the material aspects of
+this conflict there is a tremendous spiritual battle in progress, the
+issue of which will determine the value of these national assets. We
+cannot think that our comrades have given their lives merely to
+enlarge our borders or to increase our wealth. They have died for the
+cause of the Empire, and the cause of the Empire is synonymous with
+the cause of humanity, democracy, freedom, civilization--of
+Christianity.
+
+The cause of the Empire is the cause of God. The highest standard of
+civilization finds expression in the readiness to make sacrifice that
+others might benefit. This standard has been splendidly exemplified by
+the 'boys' from Australia. This is the standard of the Empire as
+against that of Kultur, which is the suppression of the weak, the
+slaughter of the innocent, and the elimination of the small. The
+sacrifice has certainly been considerable, the price involved very
+great, but not too great. We are prepared to pay even a higher price
+rather than lose our heritage or forfeit our right to the enjoyment of
+the priceless privileges of freedom and justice. We cannot help the
+dead, but we can honour them, and we can best honour them by taking up
+the arms which they have laid down, filling the gaps which their death
+has made, and resting not until peace with honour shall have been
+established on firm and enduring foundations.
+
+War is certainly an ugly business; it is hell; but better by far than
+the loss of liberty and civilization under the heel of Prussian
+militarism; and we would pay our humble tribute to the memory of our
+brave comrades who have freely given their lives for the cause of the
+Empire.
+
+To those who have lost--the wives, mothers, and sweethearts--we extend
+our deepest sympathy, and trust that their deep sorrow will be tinged
+with pride in the knowledge that their dear ones died the noblest
+death that men may die.
+
+
+
+
+OUR HEROIC DEAD
+
+
+    Our heroic dead, though war hath laid you low,
+      And cruelly robbed you of this earthly life,
+    You did your best against the fiendish foe,
+      And gave your all to put an end to strife.
+
+    Our comrades still, sleep on; your names will live
+      Long after this terrific war hath ceased.
+    No cannon's roar, no hurtling shell, no bomb
+      Can harm thee or disturb your long last sleep.
+
+    Down in your soldiers' graves you rest from toil,
+      Without the knowledge of the Hun's fierce hate.
+    The shell-struck, blood-stained clods of Belgian soil
+      Will open to your souls the Pearly Gate.
+
+    There is no place on this earth's troubled face
+      So sacred as the ground which shields your heads,
+    Fit resting-place for those so true and brave,
+      Who for THE CAUSE the fullest price have paid.
+
+    Australia's sons the sacrifice supreme
+      For honour, truth, and freedom gladly made;
+    And though the price as high again had been,
+      We'd have paid it, bravely, for the Nation's sake.
+
+    Comrades, sleep on, till God's great Spirit comes
+      To clothe you with the life which never ends;
+    And o'er this shell-swept, bruised, and bleeding land
+      Victorious and enduring peace descends.
+
+
+
+
+THE SILVER LINING
+
+
+War in itself is not a blessing--neither is the surgeon's knife. If it
+were a choice between a slow, painful death from a malignant cancer,
+or an operation, which would give pain for the time being, but which
+ultimately would bring relief and complete recovery--invariably the
+choice would be in favour of the operation.
+
+War is hell, but its prosecution as an effective means in arresting
+the development of the cancer of mad militarism was as essential as
+the use of the surgeon's knife to remove a malignant growth.
+
+War is an ugly business--it is carnage and horror. The thought of man
+butchered by his brother, the thought of both sea and land stained
+with human blood, spilled by human hands, is too horrible for
+contemplation. Yet peace at the price we were asked to pay would have
+been, in its effects, considerably worse than war.
+
+There are accruing to us individually, and to the Empire, blessings
+which possibly no other event (certainly not undisturbed tranquillity)
+than this unprecedented conflict could have created. There are
+compensations that are apt to be overlooked. To realize appreciably
+the compensatory effects in connexion with this conflict, it is
+necessary that we turn from the purely sordid and sad aspect to its
+spiritual and constructive side. The question, Has this war produced
+anything that would approximately counterbalance the arrest of
+industry and progress, waste of life at its prime, the desolation of
+hearts and homes, the devastation of property, and the incalculable
+measures of sorrow and suffering?--is permissible, and we forget not
+the atrocities on both land and sea, the deliberate violation of
+individual and international laws, and the fact that there is hardly a
+street without a loss, and scarce a heart without anxiety.
+
+Throw this immeasurable pile of war-waste and colossal suffering into
+the scales of thoughtful contemplation, then heap into it as a
+counter-weight the blessings that have accrued, and the effect upon
+our minds must necessarily be to lead us to become more hopeful and
+less ungrateful.
+
+The Empire has awakened out of her sleep--she is purging away the
+dross that has accumulated round her life, and at last as a nation we
+have found our soul.
+
+The war found us in a muddle, both from a military and moral
+view-point, but out of that muddle a miracle has been fashioned. In
+addition, the Empire, even to its remotest outposts, has been
+consolidated, and the people over whom King George reigns are bound
+together in indissoluble bonds sealed with blood. Russia is now freed
+from the shackles of tyrannical oppression and autocratic domination;
+and the right to existence of the smaller nations has been powerfully
+endorsed.
+
+There are other factors than those stated above which contribute no
+inconsiderable weight towards counter-balancing the load of hardship
+and heartaches that this war has heaped upon us. Such will be the
+theme of many writers when the smoke has lifted and the peoples of
+this earth again repose in the embrace of world-peace.
+
+We have, so far, only briefly considered the beneficial effects of
+this war upon the Empire. When we come to consider what the war has
+done for the individual, particularly those who are actively engaged
+at the battle fronts, the difference between the weight of suffering
+and the weight of blessing will be very palpable, even to the most
+superficial mind.
+
+Perhaps the blessing of most permanent importance that this war has
+brought to the majority of us is a strengthened faith in immortality.
+We cannot penetrate the veil that screens the mysteries of the future
+from our vision. Faith and the inner consciousness are the basis of
+our belief that there is a future. One cannot be at the Front very
+long before he is compelled to examine his thoughts in regard to
+immortality. Death is brought home very closely. The grim spectre
+points his finger at a man--perhaps in the first flush of
+manhood--who has just commenced to appreciate the joy of living. Death
+challenges, and with no shadow of faltering, but perhaps with a smile,
+the challenge is accepted, and the lad goes under. It is no triumph
+for death. It is the soul of a man that has gained a glorious victory.
+One feels convinced that it is but the body that has terminated
+existence. The physical presence is no more, but the personality--the
+soul--has been translated and passed beyond us. Freed from the
+limitations of this earthly life, it has passed into the infinite to
+be with others who have gone before.
+
+Many scenes have been witnessed the memory of which, even now, fills
+the eyes with tears. Men waiting the advance of death--resolutely,
+fearless, hopeful.
+
+The war has done in a few months what years of preaching apparently
+failed to effect. It has produced a revival of religion amongst men,
+and consequently a slump in ritualism. Christianity has always had its
+enemies, and any opportunity for adversely criticizing the system has
+been laid hold of by some with amazing alacrity. The report that the
+nearer men get to the firing line the less mindful they become of the
+claims of Christ is entirely false, and could only have been
+circulated by people who desired to depreciate the men whose character
+and courage command the admiration of all who know and understand
+them. Those responsible for the rise and spread of such a libel are
+neither the friends of the Church nor of the soldiers.
+
+All soldiers are not saints; all may not be gentlemen. Such claim has
+never been made by them, nor has it ever been their well-wishers'
+boast. Yet there are many soldiers whose lives are clean and sweet,
+who are entitled to be described 'saints' if ever man was. As for what
+constitutes a 'gentleman,' a difference of opinion exists; but judged
+by the standard raised since the outset of this terrific conflict
+amongst the nations, I have no hesitation in affirming that the vast
+majority of them are 'Nature's own.'
+
+Certainly there are some who are careless and callous, who are not
+and never were amenable to the claims of Christ, who daily grow more
+forgetful of home-ties and become slaves to ignoble appetites; but
+such are few, very few, indeed; and the like are to be seen not only
+in military but also in civil life, and generally are not unfamiliar
+with orderly or court-room proceedings. Is it right that all should be
+condemned because of the capricious behaviour of an infinitesimal
+section? Is it Christ-like to condemn those whose actions are called
+into question? Even they are not beyond the pale of reformation and
+redemption--for such Christ tasted death.
+
+Then there are a few whose knowledge of the world and its wickedness
+is limited, who are separated from the restraints of home life, and
+who stray as sheep and sin in ignorance. Are all so strong that they
+can dispense with guidance, or so pure that sin ceases to allure? 'Let
+him who is without sin throw the first stone.'
+
+The men in the main are better since they joined up, and evidence is
+not lacking that from the date of enlistment they appreciably
+realized the seriousness of the work to which they so willingly
+devoted themselves.
+
+As they get nearer to, and while they are at, the Front, they become
+more reverent and less disposed to frivolity. All church parades are
+voluntary, and the chaplains have no occasion to complain about poor
+attendances. The men crowd the buildings used for gospel meetings, and
+large numbers of them have publicly acknowledged their acceptance of
+the Christian faith.
+
+In proportion to the number of services conducted and the
+opportunities for attending them, more soldiers are present at
+religious meetings at the Front than civilians at home. In the ranks
+and amongst both N.C.O.'s and officers there are splendid Christian
+men. These men are a tower of strength to the chaplains, and their
+influence for good amongst their comrades is incalculable.
+
+It has been whispered that the war has completely shattered the
+foundations of Christianity; but from close observation I am inclined
+to the opinion that it has exposed the instability and inadequacy of
+human creeds, and will eventually accomplish what the Churches have so
+lamentably failed to do.
+
+The war is an indictment against divided Christendom. If Christians
+the world over had been united in 'the faith' and 'of one mind in the
+Lord,' this war would have been both impracticable and impossible.
+
+Men on active service have grown indifferent not to Christ and His
+Church, but to human creeds and _our_ brand of Christianity. Both have
+been proved impotent during the progress of this war.
+
+We have heard much about Christian union; no evidence of such is
+noticeable at the Front--at least amongst the accredited
+representatives of the various religious organizations. Emphasis is
+placed upon denominationalism, and more heart-burnings have been
+caused amongst the men in consequence of the divisions amongst the
+Churches than amongst the home folks at the fancied increasing
+irreverence and indifference of the men regarding the things that are
+esteemed sacred. The men give evidence of being disposed to stand
+outside of all _human_ creeds. Their query is not 'Are you a member of
+a certain religious organization?' but 'Are you a member of _The
+Church_?' Their views of Christianity are as simple as they are
+scriptural. The soldiers are beginning to realize that what matters
+most is not whether a man is a member of a certain Church, but _is he
+a Christian?_ Just as the people of Russia have freed themselves of
+the yoke of autocratic government, so I predict that the most potent
+contribution towards bringing about Christian union will come not from
+the recognized leaders of the Churches, but from the soldiers on
+active service who have been impressed with the impotence of the
+existing system to bring about that condition which represents the
+ideal of Christianity, and the answer to our Lord's prayer, 'that all
+may be one in Him.'
+
+If the Allies were to strive for peace and the overthrow of evil in
+the same manner as the Churches are seeking the overthrow of evil and
+the effecting of Christian union, they might well give up the
+conflict. Prolongation of the war and ultimate defeat could be the
+only issue.
+
+Many have learned to know themselves better. They have been made
+cognizant of their weaknesses and their strength--what they are
+capable of and where they fall short.
+
+Life at the Front affords unique opportunities for studying men. One
+is brought into such close contact with them. Every one is different,
+each having his own characteristics, his own eccentricities--each a
+distinct and separate personality. A man sees why this one succeeds
+and why that one fails--he succeeds himself, and learns to have
+confidence.
+
+Perhaps he fails and learns humility, and, maybe, because he has
+failed at one job he is given another, and he finds that he can 'make
+good.' Few, if any, ever dreamed that they were capable of performing
+the tasks which are daily assumed by or assigned to them.
+
+Following upon a man getting to know himself, he acquires a knowledge
+of others. This tends to bridge the gulf that society has created
+between men. Class distinction is virtually eliminated after a few
+months of camp and active service life. Classification is made on the
+basis of character rather than on that of social status. This turn of
+events cannot help but materially contribute to the solution of those
+problems which arise out of the vexed question of social inequalities.
+
+Another effect which this war has produced, and which will prove an
+inestimable blessing, is that the home associations and the little
+joys of home life have become for all time our priceless possessions
+such as they never could otherwise.
+
+Our loved ones are enshrined in our hearts as never before. We feel
+that their personalities are with us, helping us every day. We have
+become capable of greater love for them. We live for them. We fight
+for them. Yea, we would willingly die for them! And for many of us
+our thoughts, our deeds, our daily living is the result of a constant
+endeavour to be as they would have us.
+
+So I feel that the world will be better because of this war. Dark as
+is the cloud that hovers over all, it has its silver lining, and the
+majority of soldiers subscribe to the sentiments of the Apostle Paul,
+who declared that the sufferings of this present time are not worthy
+to be compared with the glory which shall be revealed in us. 'For our
+light affliction, which is but for a moment, worketh for us a far more
+exceeding and eternal weight of glory.'
+
+I feel that Australia will be a better land because of the experiences
+that so many of her sons have gone through. They have learned what
+their loved ones and what their homes mean to them. They have learned
+to appreciate the things most worth while, and will return with hearts
+full of love and thankfulness, more ready than ever before to devote
+their lives to the happiness of those who with bursting hearts
+watched them go; and ever prayed for their return.
+
+'They also serve who only stand and wait.'
+
+How true that is, and how we have realized it since we have been out
+here! We know that the wives, the mothers, the sweethearts, have had a
+harder time than any of us. We realize the long anxious time of
+waiting they have gone through, and know the magnificent part they
+have played in this world-wide war.
+
+However dark things may appear now, the future is radiant with hope,
+and Australia's sons will return to their beloved land bigger and
+better men than when they left; and our country will be a nobler one
+because so many of her sons heard the call of the Motherland, and
+responded gloriously.
+
+[Illustration: BON SOIR.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed by Jarrold & Sons, Ltd., Norwich, England._
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Over the Top With the Third Australian
+Division, by G. P. Cuttriss
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Over the Top With the Third Australian
+Division, by G. P. Cuttriss
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Over the Top With the Third Australian Division
+
+Author: G. P. Cuttriss
+
+Illustrator: Neil McBeath
+
+Release Date: August 24, 2005 [EBook #16588]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OVER THE TOP ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Elaine Walker, Jeannie Howse and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<hr />
+<br />
+<br />
+<a name="Page_1" id="Page_1"></a>
+
+<div class="img" style="width: 65%;">
+<a href="images/cover.jpg">
+<img border="0" src="images/cover.jpg" width="85%" alt="Front Cover and spine" /></a><br />
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<hr />
+<br />
+
+<div class="img" style="width: 50%;"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2"></a><a name="frontis" id="frontis"></a>
+<a href="images/front.jpg">
+<img border="0" src="images/front.jpg" width="90%" alt="Major-General Sir John Monash, K.C.B., V.D." /></a><br />
+<p class="cen" style="margin-top: .2em;">Major-General Sir John Monash, K.C.B., V.D.<br />
+<i>Photo by Elliott &amp; Fry.</i></p>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<hr />
+<br />
+
+<h1><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3"></a>'OVER THE TOP'</h1>
+<h2>WITH THE THIRD AUSTRALIAN DIVISION</h2>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+
+<h4>BY</h4>
+<h3>G.P. CUTTRISS</h3>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+
+<h4>WITH INTRODUCTION BY<br />
+MAJOR-GENERAL SIR JOHN MONASH, K.C.B., V.D.</h4>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+
+<h4><i>ILLUSTRATED BY NEIL McBEATH</i></h4>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+
+
+<h5>London<br />
+CHARLES H. KELLY<br />
+<span class="sc">25-35 City Road, and 26 Paternoster Row, E.C.</span></h5>
+
+<hr />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+
+
+<a name="Page_4" id="Page_4"></a>
+
+
+
+
+<a name="Page_5" id="Page_5"></a>
+<h4>TO THE<br />
+FADELESS MEMORY OF OUR HEROIC DEAD<br />
+AND TO<br />
+THOSE WHO HAVE LOST<br />
+THIS BRIEF VOLUME OF SKETCH AND STORY<br />
+IS DEDICATED,<br />
+IN UNSTINTED ADMIRATION,<br />
+IN AFFECTIONATE SYMPATHY,<br />
+AND IN THE UNSHAKEABLE BELIEF THAT</h4>
+
+<div class="center">
+<div class="content">
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span>'As sure as God's in heaven,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">As sure as He stands for right,<br /></span>
+<span>As sure as the Hun this wrong hath done,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">So surely we'll win this fight.'<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+</div></div>
+
+<a name="Page_6" id="Page_6"></a>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<hr />
+<br />
+<h2><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7"></a>PREFACE</h2>
+<br />
+
+<p>In response to numerous requests from the 'boys,' this brief volume of
+story and sketch is published. It makes no pretension to literary
+merit, neither is it intended to serve as a history of the Division.
+The indulgence of those who may read is earnestly solicited, in view
+of the work having been prepared amidst the trying and thrilling
+experiences so common to active service. The fighting history of the
+Australian Forces is one long series of magnificent achievements,
+beginning on that day of sacred and glorious memory, April 25, 1915.
+Ever since that wonderful test of capacity and courage the Australians
+have advanced from victory to victory, and have won for themselves a
+splendid reputation. Details of training, raids, engagements, and
+tactical features have been purposely omitted. The more <a name="Page_8" id="Page_8"></a>serious
+aspect will be written by others. In deference to Mr. Censor, names of
+places and persons have been suppressed, but such omissions will not
+detract from the interest of the book. 'Over the Top with the Third
+Australian Division' is illustrative of that big-hearted,
+devil-may-care style of the Australians, the men who can see the
+brighter side of life under the most distracting circumstances and
+most unpromising conditions. In the pages that follow, some incidents
+of the life of the men may help to pass away a pleasant hour and serve
+as a reminder of events, past and gone, but which will ever be fresh
+to those whose immediate interests attach to the Third Australian
+Division.</p>
+
+<p class="right">G.P. CUTTRISS.</p>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<hr />
+<br />
+
+<div class="img" style="width: 60%;"><a name="The_Author" id="The_Author"></a>
+<a href="images/imagep008.jpg">
+<img border="0" src="images/imagep008.jpg" width="75%" alt="The Author" /></a><br />
+<p class="cen" style="margin-top: .2em;">The Author.<br />
+<i>Photo by Lafayette, Ltd.</i></p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<hr />
+<br />
+<h2>INTRODUCTION</h2><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9"></a>
+<br />
+
+<p>At the outbreak of the World War in August, 1914, the Australian as a
+soldier was an unknown quantity. It is quite true that in the previous
+campaigns in the Soudan and in South Africa, Australia had been
+represented, and that a sprinkling of native-born Australians had
+taken service in the Imperial armies. The performances of these
+pioneers of Australia in arms were creditable, and the reputation
+which they had earned was full of promise. But, viewed in their proper
+perspective, these contributions to Imperial Defence were no true
+index of the capacity of the Australian nation to raise and maintain a
+great army worthy and able in all details to take its place in a world
+war, beside the armies of the great and historic civilizations of the
+Old World.</p>
+
+<p>No Australian, nor least of all those <a name="Page_10" id="Page_10"></a>among them who had laboured in
+times of peace to prepare the way for a great national effort,
+whenever the call to action should come, ever doubted the capacity of
+the nation worthily to respond; but while the magnitude and quality of
+the possible effort might well have been doubted by our Imperial
+authorities and our Allies, and while it was certainly regarded as
+negligible by our enemies, the result in achievement has exceeded, in
+a mighty degree, the most optimistic hopes even of those who knew or
+thought they knew what Australia was capable of.</p>
+
+<p>For, to-day, Australia has, besides its substantial contribution to
+the Naval Forces of the Empire, actually in being a land army of five
+divisions and two mounted divisions, fully officered, fully equipped,
+and stamped with the seal of brilliantly successful performance; and
+has created and maintained all the hundred and one national activities
+upon which such an achievement depends.</p>
+
+<p>We are still too close to the picture to realize the miracle which has
+been wrought, <a name="Page_11" id="Page_11"></a>or to understand in all their breadth the factors on
+which it has depended; but, fundamentally, and overshadowing all other
+factors, the result is based upon the character of the Australian
+people, and upon the personality of the Australian soldier.</p>
+
+<p>It is the latter factor which, to one who has been for so long in
+intimate daily contact with him, makes the closest appeal. It is from
+that close association, from the knowledge born of experience of him
+in every phase of his daily life, that the Australian can be
+proclaimed as second to none in the world both as a soldier and as a
+fighting man. For these things are not synonymous, and the first
+lesson that every recruit has to learn is that they are not
+synonymous; that the thing which converts a mere fighting man into a
+soldier is the sense of discipline. This word 'discipline' is often
+cruelly misused and misunderstood. Upon it, in its broadest and truest
+sense, depends the capacity of men, in the aggregate, for successful
+concerted action. It is precisely because the <a name="Page_12" id="Page_12"></a>Australian is born with
+and develops in his national life the very instinct of discipline that
+he has been enabled to prove himself so successful a soldier. He obeys
+constituted authority because he knows that success depends upon his
+doing so, whether his activities are devoted to the interests of his
+football team or his industrial organization or his regiment. He has
+an infinite capacity for 'team' work. And he brings to bear upon that
+work a high order of intelligence and understanding. In his other
+splendid qualities, his self-reliance, his devotion to his cause and
+his comrades, and his unfailing cheerfulness under hardship and
+distress, he displays other manifestations of that same instinct of
+discipline.</p>
+
+<p>Some day cold and formal histories will record the deeds and
+performances of the Australian soldiery; but it is not to them that we
+shall turn for an illumination of his true character. It is to stories
+such as these which follow, of his daily life, of his psychology, of
+his personality, that we must look. And we shall look <a name="Page_13" id="Page_13"></a>not in vain,
+when, as in the following pages, the tale has been written down by one
+of themselves, who has lived and worked among them, and who
+understands them in a spirit of true sympathy and comradeship. The
+Author of these sketches is himself true to his type, and an
+embodiment of all that is most worthy and most admirable in the
+Australian soldier.</p>
+
+<p class="right">JOHN MONASH, <i>Major-General</i>.</p>
+
+<a name="Page_14" id="Page_14"></a>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<a name="toc" id="toc"></a><hr />
+<br />
+
+<h2><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15"></a>CONTENTS</h2>
+<br />
+
+<div class="centered">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="55%" summary="Table of Contents">
+  <tr>
+  <td colspan="2" class="tdr"><span class="sc" style="font-size: 80%;">page</span></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td width="80%" class="tdlsc">From 'There' To 'Here'</td>
+  <td width="20%" class="tdr"><a href="#From_Here">17</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdlsc">Australians&mdash;In Various Moods</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#Various_Moods">28</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdlsc">Sunday, 'Somewhere In France'</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#Sunday_Somewhere">42</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdlsc">Soldiers' Superstitions</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#Soldiers_Superstitions">49</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdlsc">On The Eve Of Battle</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#ON_THE_EVE_OF_BATTLE">59</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdlsc">'Over The Top'</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#OVER_THE_TOP">64</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdlsc">Shells: A Few Smiles And A Contrast</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#Shells_Contrast">77</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdlsc">Messines</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#MESSINES">88</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdlsc">Bill The Bugler</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#Bill_the_Bugler">95</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdlsc">A Tragedy Of The War</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#A_Tragedy">99</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdlsc">Recreation Behind The Lines</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#Recreation">108</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdlsc">For The Cause Of The Empire</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#The_Empire">119</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdlsc">Our Heroic Dead</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#OUR_HEROIC_DEAD">124</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdlsc">The Silver Lining</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#Silver_Lining">126</a></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<hr />
+<br />
+
+<h2><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16"></a>LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS</h2>
+<br />
+<div class="centered">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="70%" summary="Table of Contents">
+  <tr>
+  <td width="80%" class="tdl">Major-General Sir John Monash, K.C.B., V.D.</td>
+  <td width="20%" class="tdr"><i><a href="#frontis">Frontispiece</a></i></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td colspan="2" class="tdr"><span class="sc" style="font-size: 80%;">page</span></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdl">The Author</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#The_Author">8</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdl">The Trip across was not as comfortable as it might have been</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#trip">21</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdl">Church buildings seem to have received special attention from enemy artillery</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><i>Facing</i>&nbsp; <a href="#church">25</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdl">When you are perfectly sober and imagine you're not</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#sober">26</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdl">'Where are you going, my man?'</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#knees">31</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdl">The Ostrich</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#ostrich">45</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdl">Despite good wishes from friends in the Homeland it was difficult to keep warm</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#friends">51</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdl">A silent tribute to the brave</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><i>Facing</i>&nbsp; <a href="#brave">54</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdl">To the Widows of France</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#widows">58</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdl">To see ourselves as others see us</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#others">81</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdl">With the aid of electric torches ... we descended to the cellar</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#cellar">84</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdl">'Did you hear that one, Bill?'</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><i>Facing</i>&nbsp; <a href="#bill">87</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdl">The Illustrator feeling happy, yet looking 'board'</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#board">94</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdl">'She, smiling, takes the pennies'</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#pennies">106</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdl">Off to the Horse Show</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#horseshow">111</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdl">Sweet and low</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#sweet">114</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdl">Taff Williams, Musical Director</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#sweet">114</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdl">Sir Douglas Haig, G.C.B., G.C.V.O., and Sir A.J. Godley, K.C.B., K.C.M.G., at the 2nd Anzac Horse Show</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#haig">116</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td class="tdl">'Bon Soir'</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#bonsoir">140</a></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<a name="From_Here" id="From_Here"></a><hr />
+<br />
+<h1><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17"></a><b>'Over the Top'</b></h1>
+
+<h2>FROM 'THERE' TO 'HERE'</h2>
+<br />
+
+<p>Towards the end of November, 1916, our hopes of moving out from 'where
+we then were' to 'where we now are' materialized to the evident
+satisfaction of all. Few, if any, cared as to our probable
+destination; the chief interest centred in the fact that we were to
+start for the Front. The time spent Somewhere in the Motherland was by
+no means wasted. Due regard had been paid to the training of the men,
+who reached a standard of efficiency which earned for the Division a
+reputation second to none. While in England the Third was the subject
+of scorn and bitter criticism. Older Divisions could not forget, and
+possibly regretted, the fact that they had had no such prolonged
+training in mock trenches <a name="Page_18" id="Page_18"></a>and in inglorious safety. However, since
+leaving England the Division has lived down the scorn that was heaped
+upon it, by upholding the traditions handed down by older and more
+war-worn units. Recently the Division was referred to by a noted
+General as one of the best equipped and most efficient units not only
+amongst the Overseas Divisions but of the whole Army in France.</p>
+
+<p>The arrangements for our moving out were approximately perfect. There
+was no hitch. The military machine, like the Tanks of recent fame,
+over-rides or brushes to one side all obstacles. There was manifest
+among all ranks an eagerness to leave nothing undone that would in any
+way facilitate entraining and embarkation. The knowledge that we were
+at last on our way to the 'Dinkum' thing had the effect of leading us
+to take a more serious view of the situation. It is surprising,
+however, how soon men become attached to a place; and though the
+conditions at Lark Hill were in no sense ideal, it had been our home
+for several months and we were loth to <a name="Page_19" id="Page_19"></a>leave. Perhaps the thought
+that many of us might possibly never return inspired the longing looks
+that were directed towards the camp as we marched on our way to the
+station. Who of those who took part in that march will forget the
+cheers with which we were greeted by the residents of that
+picturesquely situated village as we trudged along its winding road?
+We had enjoyed their hospitality, and we appreciated their cordial
+wishes for success and safety.</p>
+
+<p>The task of entraining a large body of men was expertly accomplished,
+and after a brief delay we were speeding in the direction of the port
+of embarkation. The train journey was practically without event. The
+men were disposed to be quiet. On arrival at the quay parties were
+detailed to assist in putting mails and equipment aboard the
+transports. Punctually at the hour advised we trooped aboard the ships
+that were to convey us across the water. There was very little
+accommodation for men, but they squeezed in and made the best of the
+situation. The trip across was <a name="Page_21" id="Page_21"></a>not as comfortable as it might have
+been, but its duration was so brief that the discomfort was scarcely
+worth serious thought. The transports cast anchor off the harbour
+early the following morning, but it was not until late in the
+afternoon that they were berthed alongside the wharf. Scarcely had the
+transports touched the wharf-side when they commenced to disgorge
+their living freight.</p>
+
+<a name="trip" id="trip"></a>
+<div class="img" style="width: 60%;"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20"></a>
+<a href="images/imagep020.jpg">
+<img border="0" src="images/imagep020.jpg" width="90%" alt="The trip across" /></a><br />
+<p class="cen" style="margin-top: .2em;">The trip across was not as comfortable as it might have
+been.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>From the waterside we marched to No. 1 Rest (?) Camp, situated on the
+summit of a hill on the outskirts of the town. The camp was reached
+some time after darkness had settled down over the land. The weather
+was most miserable. The air was charged with icy blasts, and rain fell
+continuously throughout the night. The least said about our
+impressions and experiences during our brief stay in that camp the
+better; suffice to state that one of the most miserable memories that
+can be recalled in connexion with our experiences on active service is
+associated with No. 1 Rest Camp.</p>
+
+<p>The following morning we marched to the main railway station and
+entrained for <a name="Page_22" id="Page_22"></a>the Front. The accommodation provided was fairly
+comfortable, though the carriages (?) had been used more for carrying
+mules than men. The train journey extended over thirty hours. All
+along the route there were evidences of military activity denoting
+extensive and effective military organization. We noted the continuous
+stream of traffic on the roads, and were amused with the names chalked
+on the heavy guns, which were being drawn by a style of tractor quite
+new to most of us. 'No friend of Fritz' was a powerful-looking gun,
+and greatly impressed us; but the sight of a number of heavier guns
+thrilled us, and we involuntarily shouted 'Good old England.'</p>
+
+<p>There was not a dull moment during that thirty hours' run. There was
+much to interest the 'freshmen.' Eventually we reached our rail
+destination, and marched to our quarters, where we arrived late at
+night. That we were not far from the fighting line was very evident by
+the close proximity of the artillery, which expressed itself so
+emphatically that the air <a name="Page_23" id="Page_23"></a>reverberated with its deep boom, relieved
+at intervals by the staccato reports of machine-guns in action.</p>
+
+<p>The troops were quartered in different places. They were as
+indifferent as they were different, but any place which afforded
+shelter from the rain and protection from the cold was greatly
+appreciated. Despite the inconveniences within and the noises without
+few had difficulty in wooing Morpheus and reposed in his embrace until
+a late hour next morning.</p>
+
+<p>Opportunity was afforded during the day for having a look round and
+cultivating an acquaintance with the district. The country round about
+is fairly level, and, despite the fact that it was just behind the
+lines and under enemy observation, farming operations and business
+were carried on in perfect serenity. A cinema afforded entertainment
+in the evenings. The men were cheerful, and accepted the change from
+the 'sham' to the real uncomplainingly, and commenced making their
+billets as comfortable as circumstances would permit. Stoves were
+greatly in demand, but few <a name="Page_24" id="Page_24"></a>were available. The law in France is that
+nothing shall be removed from a building without permission. Troops
+were forbidden to enter houses under any pretence whatever; but very
+occasionally men lost their way, and unwittingly (?) wandered into
+forbidden places, and when detected by certain officials evinced great
+surprise on being found therein. The Town Major on one occasion was
+walking past a building, the door of which was ajar, and he observed
+two men struggling with a stove half up the stairway. 'What are you
+doing with that stove?' he peremptorily asked. 'Putting it back, sir,'
+was the prompt reply.</p>
+
+<a name="church" id="church"></a>
+<div class="img" style="width: 90%;">
+<a href="images/imagep025.jpg">
+<img border="0" src="images/imagep025.jpg" width="100%" alt="Church buildings ... special attention" /></a><br />
+<p class="cen" style="margin-top: .2em;">Church buildings seem to have received special attention
+from enemy artillery.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>It is surprising with what readiness the Australian adapts himself to
+whatever conditions prevail. He possesses plenty of initiative, which
+is an invaluable asset on active service. Friendships were quickly
+formed with the villagers, who were chiefly refugees, and much
+amusement was caused as the troops sought to make use of the French
+words which they had endeavoured to learn. There was scarcely any
+necessity, however to try to speak French, as most <a name="Page_25" id="Page_25"></a>of the people
+understood sufficient of the English language for ordinary business
+transactions. It was only when love-making was resorted to that a
+knowledge of French became a vital necessity.</p>
+
+<p>There was a great deal to interest the troops in this district, which
+for a brief period had been occupied by the enemy. The town was
+subjected to heavy shell fire almost daily. Evidences of the enemy's
+brief stay and the effects of their 'frightfulness' were not lacking.
+Since our occupation, the place has been reduced to a heap of ruins by
+the enemy's artillery, which appears to have paid special attention to
+church buildings, for many of them have been totally destroyed. Almost
+immediately upon our arrival in this place certain units of the
+Division occupied the trenches along the Divisional Front, and very
+soon proved themselves to be just as capable as the more experienced
+troops which they had relieved.</p>
+
+<p>We were located in and about the town for several months, during which
+time the Third Division won a name for the <a name="Page_26" id="Page_26"></a>efficiency and daring of
+its raids, and silenced for all time the gibes and criticisms of the
+more war-worn comrades of the older divisions. 'Here' the Division has
+comported itself precisely as it did over 'there.' In training the men
+tried to do their duty. In battle they have done their duty, many of
+them even unto death.</p>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+
+<a name="sober" id="sober"></a>
+<div class="img" style="width: 60%;">
+<a href="images/imagep026.jpg">
+<img border="0" src="images/imagep026.jpg" width="90%" alt="When you are perfectly sober." /></a><br />
+<p class="cen" style="margin-top: .2em;">When you are perfectly sober, and you imagine you're not.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27"></a>What of the future? Just the same; but with that courage and
+confidence born of experience, still greater attainments may be
+expected.</p>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<a name="Various_Moods" id="Various_Moods"></a><hr />
+<br />
+<h2><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28"></a>AUSTRALIANS&mdash;IN VARIOUS MOODS</h2>
+<br />
+
+<p>The Australian soldier is a peculiar mixture; but for pluck in the
+face of danger, patience in the grip of pain, and initiative in the
+presence of the unexpected, he holds a unique place amongst men. He
+has been subjected to considerable adverse criticism for seeming lack
+of discipline. Kind things and other kinds of things have been freely
+said to his detriment; but if every word were true, he is not to
+blame. The Australian soldier, like any other soldier, is but the
+product of a system, the standard or inefficiency of which it would
+not be just to hold him responsible for. The majority frankly admit
+that soldiering is not in their line. They would never choose it as a
+profession; yet the man from 'Down Under' has given unmistakable proof
+that he is as amenable to discipline as any other, and rightly <a name="Page_29" id="Page_29"></a>led
+he, as a fighting force, compares favourably with the best that any
+nation has produced. His language at times is not too choice. It is
+said that on occasions the outburst has been so hot that the water
+carts have been consumed in flames. Be that as it may, his diction in
+no sense denotes the exact state of his mind or morals. His contagious
+cheerfulness has established him a firm favourite with the French
+people, whose admiration and affection he will hold for all time.</p>
+
+<p>An officer belonging to another part of the Empire tells a story
+against himself. Arriving in a village late at night, he inquired at a
+cottage as to whether a billet could be provided. Before replying the
+occupant, a widow, asked whether he was an Australian or a &mdash;&mdash;. Upon
+learning his regimental identity, she told him that she had no
+accommodation. Somewhat vexed, he retorted, 'If I were an Australian
+you would probably have found room for me.' 'Yes,' was her reply.
+'Well,' the officer observed, 'I fail to understand what you see in
+the Australians; they're <a name="Page_30" id="Page_30"></a>savages.' Before closing the door the
+occupant said, 'I like savages.'</p>
+
+<p>The following incidents but imperfectly portray the irrepressible
+humour, unexampled heroism, and splendid initiative so commendably
+displayed by the Australian under the varying and trying conditions
+common to modern warfare.</p>
+<br />
+<br />
+
+<h4>IMPROMPTU WIT.</h4>
+
+<p>The &mdash;&mdash;th Battalion had been relieved. The men had been in the lines
+six days. They looked forward to a few days' spell at the back of the
+trenches. On reaching the back area some of the men were detailed to
+carry supplies up to the lines. Whilst so engaged they were met by a
+General, who was in the habit of visiting the trenches unaccompanied.
+This officer, himself a young man, ever had a cheery word for the
+'boys.' One of the men on duty lagged some distance behind the main
+party. The expression on his face indicated that he was 'fed up.' He
+was also beginning to feel the weight of the sack which he was
+carrying. As he passed, <a name="Page_32" id="Page_32"></a>the General acknowledged the reluctant turn
+of his head by way of salute, and then asked, 'Where are you going, my
+man?' 'In the &mdash;&mdash; knees, sir,' was the ready and witty reply.</p>
+
+<br />
+
+<div class="img" style="width: 60%;"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31"></a><a name="knees" id="knees"></a>
+<a href="images/imagep031.jpg">
+<img border="0" src="images/imagep031.jpg" width="80%" alt="'Where are you going, my man?'" /></a><br />
+<p class="cen" style="margin-top: .2em;"> 'Where are you going, my man?'<br />
+'In the knees, sir.'</p>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+
+<h4>MORE CURIOUS THAN CAUTIOUS.</h4>
+
+<p>A man on duty in the front-line trenches displayed more curiosity than
+caution and eventually paid the penalty for his mistake. In the
+endeavour to ascertain what was going on across 'no man's way,' he
+exposed himself to the keen observation of an enemy sniper, who
+quickly trained his rifle on him and a bullet penetrated the steel
+helmet of the over-curious soldier. The bullet traversed the crown of
+the head and lodged in the nape of the neck. He flung his rifle to one
+side and did a sprint along the duck-boards. His mates inquired the
+reason of his haste. Without abating his speed he called out, 'Do you
+think that I want to drop dead in that blimey mud?' As he reached the
+dry duck-boards his strength gave out, and he would have fallen but
+for the timely assistance from two of <a name="Page_33" id="Page_33"></a>his mates, who lowered him
+gently, then brought a stretcher on which to carry him to the R.A.P.
+As they were about to start away with him, he opened his eyes, and
+they inquired if he were hurt. 'Well, it does give you a bit of a
+headache, you know,' he replied; 'have you got a fag?' A cigarette was
+handed to him, and as they carried him away he smoked his 'fag.'</p>
+<br />
+<br />
+
+<h4>IT'S ALL IN THE GAME.</h4>
+
+<p>A similar instance of absolute self-forgetfulness and indomitable
+spirit occurred at another part of the line. A shell burst near to our
+wire and projected a tangled heap of it forward. A piece of barbed
+wire encircled a man's neck. The barbs bit into the flesh. The
+shoulders of his tunic were torn. The blood flowed freely from nasty
+cuts in his neck and cheeks. Without altering his position he looked
+out in the direction of the Hun lines and declared that if he ever got
+hold of the &mdash;&mdash; Hun who fired that &mdash;&mdash; shell, he would drive his
+---- bayonet through him. When the wire was taken from round his neck,
+his face <a name="Page_34" id="Page_34"></a>wreathed in smiles as he remarked, 'Well, I suppose it is
+all in the game,' then turning to his mates he asked, 'I say, digger,
+have you got a smoke?'</p>
+
+<p>My Lady Nicotine is certainly a general favourite amongst the 'boys.'
+They seek her solace during the critical periods of their active
+service life. Unquestionably one of the most deeply appreciated issues
+that the men receive is that of tobacco and cigarettes. For this extra
+'ration' credit must be given to the A.C.F. and other funds which have
+expended large sums of money in making available to the troops the
+'pipe of peace' and the comfort of the 'fag.'</p>
+<br />
+<br />
+
+<h4>A CLEVER RUSE.</h4>
+
+<p>This incident is related in the strictest confidence, and solely upon
+the condition that the identity of the individuals concerned will not
+be disclosed. A certain officer&mdash;I dare not mention his rank, as there
+are so few Generals amongst us that to even mention it would be
+tantamount to disclosing his identity. Therefore, a <a name="Page_35" id="Page_35"></a>certain officer
+was on a tour of inspection. The utmost effort had been made by the
+unit holding the line to have everything satisfactory. The trenches
+must be kept clean and sanitary. Every precaution is adopted to
+safeguard the health of the men. The officer's visit was timed just
+after the issue of rum had been made. Rum is not a regular issue by
+any means, but a little had been made available at that time, and was
+supposed to be taken much the same as is medicine, viz., on the M.O.'s
+recommendation. A few minutes before the arrival of the officer of
+high rank the platoon officer observed one of his men under the
+influence of drink. He learned on inquiry that the man had secured
+some rum in addition to what had been issued. To get him out of the
+way was his first thought. Somebody suggested that he be placed on a
+stretcher and covered with a blanket. It was no sooner suggested than
+acted upon. When the officer making the inspection entered the trench
+two men bore the stretcher with its burden past him. He stood to one
+side and saluted as he would <a name="Page_36" id="Page_36"></a>the dead. Of course the man on the
+stretcher was dead&mdash;'dead drunk.' No questions were asked, therefore
+no untruths were told. The unit had the satisfaction of learning that
+their lines were satisfactory; but in a certain company's orderly-room
+the following morning a certain man had a most unenviable quarter of
+an hour in the presence of his irate O.C.</p>
+<br />
+<br />
+
+<h4>TURNING THE TABLES.</h4>
+
+<p>During a raid made on our lines the enemy succeeded in reaching our
+trenches, but were quickly ejected. Two of the raiding party were
+killed, and as many were taken prisoners. One of them met his death in
+a very tragic manner. A member of the &mdash;&mdash;th battalion was fast
+asleep in his makeshift of a dug-out the night the Germans entered our
+lines. He knew nothing of their visit until wakened by a heavy hand
+being placed on his shoulder. Great was his astonishment on waking to
+find himself gazing into the face of a Hun, who gurgled and
+gesticulated, which sounds and signs he interpreted as <a name="Page_37" id="Page_37"></a>an invitation
+to put his hands up. His hands went up as he struggled to his feet. He
+then discovered that he was about six inches taller than his captor
+and certainly much heavier. When they got out on the duck-boards, the
+prisoner suddenly looked down and allowed his gaze to rest on the
+boards at his feet. The German's curiosity was aroused, and he fell
+into the trap set for him. He made the fatal mistake of allowing his
+gaze to be diverted from the prisoner to the duck-boards. By a quick
+movement the prisoner possessed himself of his captor's rifle. One
+blow from a tightly-clenched fist sufficed to lay him his length along
+the boards, and the next moment the would-be captor was breathing his
+last with his own bayonet through his chest, and the Australian was
+heard to remark, 'I'll teach the blighter to waken me from my sleep.'</p>
+<br />
+<br />
+
+<h4>HEROISM UNEXCELLED.</h4>
+
+<p>It would be invidious to single out one for special mention from the
+great army of brave men who have upheld the <a name="Page_38" id="Page_38"></a>traditions of the Empire
+on the field of battle. Without mentioning the name of the hero the
+following incident is cited as illustrative of many which speak
+eloquently of the bravery of our 'boys.' Our lines were being
+furiously shelled, and a member of a certain battalion was severely
+wounded. Assisted by another stretcher-bearer, the hero of this
+incident endeavoured to convey the wounded man to the A.D.S. The
+trench along which they were walking was blown in, making it necessary
+to carry the injured man 'over the top.' This was done in full view of
+the enemy. While so engaged a 'Minnie' was observed coming over, and
+warning was given for all to get under cover. All did except
+Private &mdash;&mdash;, who, actuated by an impulse to protect a fallen comrade,
+and without thought for his own safety, immediately threw himself upon
+the wounded man to protect him. For this gallant act he was awarded
+the Military Medal.</p>
+
+<p>A couple of months later this same person was in the trenches when a
+British 'plane was compelled to land in a very <a name="Page_39" id="Page_39"></a>exposed and
+shell-swept area. Both occupants of the machine rushed for the
+trenches. The observer reached a place of safety, but the pilot, who
+was wounded, fell exhausted. Without thought of personal safety, and
+despite the fact that the Germans were shelling the machine, the
+stretcher-bearer climbed 'over the top,' in full view of the enemy,
+and carried the wounded pilot to a shell-hole, where he rendered
+first-aid and then brought the injured man to the safety of our
+trenches. For this further act of bravery he was awarded a bar to his
+M.M.</p>
+<br />
+<br />
+
+<h4>'WE WERE PALS.'</h4>
+
+<p>A man came to the D.B.O. just after a certain engagement in connexion
+with which the Australians did splendid work. They secured a great
+victory. They got to their objectives on time and took quite a large
+number of prisoners. Every victory has its price, and it was
+concerning part of the price of victory that the young man had made
+the visit. He told of his pal, a D.C.M. man, who had been killed,
+whose <a name="Page_40" id="Page_40"></a>body was lying out on the ridge. He wished to know whether
+arrangements could be made for the body to be brought down to a back
+area cemetery for burial. Whenever practicable such is done. The
+D.B.O. made inquiries, and learned that no transport was available.
+The roads were in a frightful condition, and in view of the incessant
+enemy shelling of the area, decided that the body would have to be
+buried in the vicinity of where it had fallen. Arrangements were made
+for the man to return on the morrow for the purpose of acting as guide
+to the Padre who would conduct the service. Next day, he came to the
+Burials Officer. Surprise was evinced at the change in his appearance.
+His uniform was covered with mud and wet through, and he seemed to be
+quite exhausted. 'I have come about the burial, sir,' he said. 'Could
+it be fixed up for this afternoon, I have brought the body down?' Upon
+making inquiries as to how he had managed it, he replied that he and
+another had asked permission to go out and bring the body <a name="Page_41" id="Page_41"></a>in. It
+meant a carry over broken ground of about five miles, under heavy
+shell fire most of the distance; but these faithful comrades gladly
+endured the hardship and braved the dangers to ensure the burial of
+their deceased mate in a cemetery which is one of the few that has not
+been disturbed by the bursting shell. Thinking that the deceased was a
+near relative of this brave lad, the question was asked. His eyes
+filled with tears as he replied: 'No, sir; we were pals.' Such an
+incident will surely suffice to erase from the mind the false
+impression, which, unfortunately a few seem to have gathered, that the
+Australian is devoid of sentiment.</p>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<a name="Sunday_Somewhere" id="Sunday_Somewhere"></a><hr />
+<br />
+<h2><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42"></a>SUNDAY, 'SOMEWHERE IN FRANCE'</h2>
+<br />
+
+<p>The question that leaps to the lips in connexion with the title of
+this chapter is, Why should the events associated with this particular
+day be recorded? Are they different from what takes place on any or
+all of the other days of the week&mdash;something special which clearly
+denotes that one week has ended and another week begun? Is there a
+temporary cessation of hostilities, during which bells are rung and
+men may be seen wending their way to some established building for
+worship, or does that indefinable stillness peculiar to the first day
+of the week in peaceful places pervade all life?</p>
+
+<p>Apart from the interest and curiosity that many attach thereto, there
+is no significance in the selection of the day, and there is little if
+anything associated with the events of Sunday at the Front to
+<a name="Page_43" id="Page_43"></a>distinguish it from any other day. Yet it is strange that though men
+may frequently confuse the days between Monday and Saturday, they
+instinctively seem to know when Sunday has come. Whether by chance or
+convenience, I know not, some of the biggest 'stunts' have been
+initiated on the Lord's Day. At times the voice of the Padre was
+scarcely heard above the din and noise of heavy guns as they
+dispatched their projectiles of destruction and death over the place
+in which a church parade was being conducted. The recollection of
+certain events and experiences of some Sundays will undoubtedly tend
+to make many a man more thoughtful and analytic than the events or
+experiences entered into on any other day during his active service
+career.</p>
+
+<p>The disposition of an army is not affected by certain days, but by
+developments within the area of operations. If Sunday should be
+considered the opportune time for putting over a barrage, making a
+raid on the enemy lines, or effecting an advance, no thought of the
+sacred associations of <a name="Page_44" id="Page_44"></a>that day is given serious consideration. The
+system in vogue provides for units when not in the line to be in
+reserve or resting. Such units supply working and carrying parties; so
+that the number of men available for church services on Sunday is no
+greater than on ordinary days. The war proceeds. Man may worship when
+opportunity permits.</p>
+
+<p>A summary of the events of one Sunday will suffice to convey an idea
+of how almost every Sunday is spent at the Front. The weather is
+seasonable: over the country a dense mist hangs low in the early morn.
+The sun rises, and the mist flees before it, revealing the face of the
+earth covered with snow, mud, or in the tight grip of 'Jack Frost.'
+Aeroplanes glide gracefully overhead. They are out for observation
+purposes, or to prevent the approach of enemy craft. The artillery,
+ever alert both day and night, sends out its missiles of death far
+into the enemy's lines. The enemy guns reply, and thus it might
+continue through the day. Shells are ugly killers and wounders; but
+for <a name="Page_46" id="Page_46"></a>them there would be little of the slaughter-yard suggestion
+about a modern battlefield, with its improved system of well-built and
+cleanly kept trenches and its clean puncturing bayonet thrust or rifle
+bullet. While the shells shriek and whirr through the air, heaps of
+humanity are distributed about the trenches, in the dug-outs, or in
+the reserve lines. The men sit or lie about for the most part, as
+unconcerned as if on holiday bent. The order to 'stand to' would bring
+them to their appointed places, from whence they would resist an
+invasion of their lines by the enemy, or launch an attack, make a
+raid, or go forth on patrol of 'no man's land.'</p>
+
+<div class="img" style="width: 50%;"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45"></a><a name="ostrich" id="ostrich"></a>
+<a href="images/imagep045.jpg">
+<img border="0" src="images/imagep045.jpg" width="80%" alt="The Ostrich." /></a><br />
+<p class="cen" style="margin-top: .2em;">The Ostrich.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Back from the lines units are resting or engaged on the lines of
+communication; from such units men are available for church parades.
+Men of different units and of different theological views come
+together in one place and worship God. Buildings are not always
+available for parade services. Sometimes they are held in the open
+field, in farm-yards, or in billets; frequently in tents provided <a name="Page_47" id="Page_47"></a>by
+the Y.M.C.A. Attendance at these services is purely voluntary, and a
+large proportion of men attend whenever opportunity offers. While the
+service is in progress the war goes on. The men in the trenches catch
+the strains of band music, and there is carried over the distance
+intervening the sound of the singing of old familiar hymns. It is a
+privilege to speak to these men who have been in the shell-swept
+trenches, who have participated in raids, who have taken part in one
+of the most successful battles of the war, who have seen suffering and
+even looked into the face of death.</p>
+
+<p>Several parades might be held during the day at hours convenient to
+those who wish to attend, and in the evening a song-service is
+conducted, when the men choose the hymns which they would sing. They
+are reverent in attitude, earnest in attention.</p>
+
+<p>Sundays are no different from other days of the week. They merely
+mark, as do other days, the passing of time, which will bring either
+grief or gladness to those <a name="Page_48" id="Page_48"></a>who watch and wait for the day of peace,
+and to us who war a victory crowned with honour. There is no
+<i>Sun</i>-day. The thick, dark cloud of war hides the sun's bright face,
+but there is hope in the thought that Sun-day is prophetic as well as
+historic, and insistently in its recurrence directs us to wait
+patiently for the cloud-bursts out of which shall emerge the Sun of
+Righteousness, who will proclaim such time to be the Day of the Lord.</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="content">
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span>For, lo, the days are hastening on<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">By prophet bard foretold,<br /></span>
+<span>When with the ever circling years<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Comes round the age of gold.<br /></span>
+<span>When peace shall over all the earth<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Its ancient splendours fling,<br /></span>
+<span>And all the world take up the song<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Which angels once did sing:<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">'Glory to God in the highest, on earth<br /></span>
+<span>peace, goodwill toward men.'<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+</div></div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<a name="Soldiers_Superstitions" id="Soldiers_Superstitions"></a><hr />
+<br />
+<h2><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49"></a>SOLDIERS' SUPERSTITIONS</h2>
+<br />
+
+<p>With the advent of Christmas, arrangements were effected by which
+officers whose work necessitated their being temporarily separated
+from the unit could come together for the purpose of observing the
+special season in the established epicurean style. Every effort was
+made to make the day as distinct from other days as circumstances
+would allow. Donations from the officers and small contributions from
+the men enabled those who had the matter in hand to provide the
+customary Christmas dinner. Though it was not served up on tables,
+spread with linen, and the usual impedimenta of the banqueting-table,
+it was greatly appreciated, and afforded a rare opportunity for
+reunion. Fresh friendships were formed, acquaintances renewed,
+brothers and relatives met after months <a name="Page_50" id="Page_50"></a>of separation. Toasts were
+honoured and carols or hymns appropriate to the season were sung. A
+great deal had been heard or read about our troops fraternizing with
+the enemy during the Christmas seasons of the previous years of the
+war, but there was none of that during the Christmas of 1916. There
+was no cessation of hostilities. The lines were held with the same
+keenness, and there was considerable aerial and artillery activity
+throughout the day and night. In fact, Christmas 'Somewhere in France'
+was born to the accompaniment of the boom of guns and the whirr of
+aeroplanes. The weather conditions were decidedly inclement, and,
+despite the good wishes from friends in the Homeland, it was difficult
+to keep warm.</p>
+
+<p>At the back of the lines, in a certain battalion's H.Q. billets, a
+number of officers had assembled. They had come together by invitation
+to participate in a reunion dinner. Everything had been done to make
+it a meal worthy of the occasion. Great taste had been displayed in
+decorating the table, and the cooks <a name="Page_52" id="Page_52"></a>excelled themselves in the
+quality of the food served. We seated ourselves immediately 'Grace'
+was said, when somebody remarked that there were thirteen only, and
+suggested that another be asked in to make fourteen. Little notice was
+taken of the remark until the same officer ventured to predict that
+one of them would 'go out' before the year ended. He was teased with
+being unduly superstitious and attaching too much significance to the
+supposed unluckiness of the number thirteen. His mind was evidently
+depressed with the impression which he had gathered, and there was not
+lacking evidence that the gathering ceased to interest him further.</p>
+
+<a name="friends" id="friends"></a>
+<div class="img" style="width: 60%;"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51"></a>
+<a href="images/imagep051.jpg">
+<img border="0" src="images/imagep051.jpg" width="90%" alt="Despite the good wishes from friends" /></a><br />
+<p class="cen" style="margin-top: .2em;">Despite the good wishes from friends in the Homeland,
+it was difficult to keep warm.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Exactly a week passed, and another such reunion had been arranged for
+the purpose of celebrating the passing of the old year and the
+ushering in of the new. Several jocularly remarked that for G&mdash;&mdash;'s
+sake we should arrange to have more or less than thirteen present.
+Late on the afternoon of the last day of the year, advice was received
+at B.Q.H. that Lieut. <a name="Page_53" id="Page_53"></a>G&mdash;&mdash; had been killed. He had gone down to the
+trenches to inspect some work which was being done by his platoon, and
+was on the point of returning when an enemy shell burst and a shrapnel
+bullet went through his heart. This sad event recalled to us his words
+at the gathering on Christmas night. His prediction that one would be
+missing ere the year ended was fulfilled, and he was the one called
+hence. Arrangements for the evening function were cancelled, and the
+next day his remains were interred in the military cemetery, and the
+grave is now marked by a beautiful cross made by a member of his
+platoon and inscribed by his O.C. He was a fine fellow, full of fun
+and life, a true comrade, an ideal officer, beloved by all who knew
+him.</p>
+
+<p>The following pathetic incident speaks of the attachment which springs
+up between officers and men, and incidentally testifies to the high
+esteem in which our late comrade was held by one who had exceptional
+opportunities for knowing him. Duty took me to the cemetery <a name="Page_54" id="Page_54"></a>a few
+days after the burial, and I noticed standing at the graveside with
+uncovered and bowed head a soldier of the battalion. I could see that
+the lad was deeply affected, and inquired as to whether he had known
+Lieut. G&mdash;&mdash;. 'Yes sir,' he replied; 'I was his orderly; and&mdash;I miss
+him so much.'</p>
+
+<p>Superstitions play a large part in the life of the average soldier,
+and frequently gain the ascendancy over common sense. Though rather
+reticent about expressing his religious views, he is in many respects
+intensely religious. He may admit being superstitious and even boast
+about it, or declare himself to be a fatalist. Fatalism in the
+vocabulary of the soldier is just another name for Providence.</p>
+
+<p>Few, if any, are afraid of death. They seldom give it a thought. The
+general belief is that if a man's 'time' has come, nothing can
+possibly avert it. Under this impression he goes into battle or takes
+up his position in the lines. He consistently refuses, however, to be
+a party to anything which is considered at all likely <a name="Page_55" id="Page_55"></a>to
+precipitate the end. For instance, no amount of persuasion would
+induce him to be one of three to receive a light for his cigarette or
+pipe from the same match, and owing to the strange coincidences in
+connexion with the number thirteen, he is prepared to deny himself
+much.</p>
+
+<div class="img" style="width: 55%;"><a name="brave" id="brave"></a>
+<a href="images/imagep054.jpg">
+<img border="0" src="images/imagep054.jpg" width="80%" alt="A silent tribute to the brave." /></a><br />
+<p class="cen" style="margin-top: .2em;">A silent tribute to the brave.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>While soldiers are ever ready to avail themselves of every possible
+comfort when in the trenches, they hesitate to make use of a field
+service stretcher. They prefer to make their bed on the ground, under
+the impression that if they were to lie on stretchers in the trenches
+they would be carried out from the trenches on stretchers. One of a
+draft of reinforcements was attached to a platoon which had been
+detailed to proceed to the lines. On arrival, this man, despite many
+warnings from the others, took possession of a stretcher and used it
+as a bed. About eleven o'clock the following morning, the same
+stretcher was used to carry him back to the R.A.P. While working in
+the lines he was seriously wounded by <a name="Page_56" id="Page_56"></a>a piece of shrapnel. It is
+hardly necessary to state that this man was completely won over to the
+belief which only the previous evening he had laughed at.</p>
+
+<p>At the head of a trench in the vicinity of Ploegsteert a rusted
+revolver which had been found by a working party was suspended from a
+short pole. It caught the eye of all who passed by on their way up the
+lines. Nearly every man was seen to touch that useless weapon. Upon
+making enquiries it was ascertained that a superstition had grown up
+round that revolver. It was supposed to possess a certain charm, and
+the men who merely touched it on their way into the line would be
+protected from all danger. Certainly many incidents occurred which
+tended to support the belief that the mud covered rusted revolver
+possessed all the remarkable miraculous powers attributed to it.</p>
+
+<p>In course of conversation with a soldier, I questioned the
+advisability of his proceeding to the trenches. 'Oh,' he declared, 'it
+is all right; no matter where I may be, if a shell has my number on
+it, I will have <a name="Page_57" id="Page_57"></a>to take delivery, whether I like it or not.' While
+working in the lines a few days later a shell penetrated the parapet
+and buried its nose in the clay at the edge of the duck-boards.
+Allowing sufficient time to elapse to ascertain whether it was 'alive'
+(it proved to be a 'dud') he then examined the base of the shell, and
+was astonished to read thereon his regimental number.</p>
+
+<p>Such coincidences tend to strengthen the superstitious tendencies of
+the soldier, and the effect upon most minds is to lead them to believe
+that a man's death or deliverance is absolutely due to Fate, which is
+just another way of saying, 'There's a Divinity which shapes our ends,
+rough hew them as we may.'</p>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<hr />
+<br />
+
+<div class="img" style="width: 60%;"><a name="widows" id="widows"></a>
+<a href="images/imagep058.jpg">
+<img border="0" src="images/imagep058.jpg" width="80%" alt="TO THE WIDOWS OF FRANCE" /></a><br />
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br /><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58"></a>
+<br />
+<a name="ON_THE_EVE_OF_BATTLE" id="ON_THE_EVE_OF_BATTLE"></a><hr />
+<br />
+<h2><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59"></a>ON THE EVE OF BATTLE</h2>
+
+<h3>TO THE WIDOWS OF FRANCE</h3>
+<br />
+
+<div style="margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; white-space: nowrap;">
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span>Eyes that have rained tears, lips that have trembled,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Twitching convulsively, torn with their grief.<br /></span>
+<span>Now face us bravely with pride undissembled,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Glad to have suffered to show their belief.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>Troop upon troop of them, some walking singly,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Weaker ones plodding in pairs for support;<br /></span>
+<span>Mates to the spirits of men who were kingly,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Coming from Matins with old men's escort.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60"></a>Ask them, ye watchers, inquire their elation,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Tell them ye wonder they bear them so brave.<br /></span>
+<span>Proudly they'll answer, 'La belle France, our nation,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Requires us to suffer, our country to save.'<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>To save from the maw of the great avaricious,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The cold scheming brain of a commerce run mad&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span>A commerce all-grasping and sordid and vicious;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">For this are we martyred, for this are we glad.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>Then the soul of the Springtime, the great resurrection,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Shines bright in their faces, they wave to the car,<br /></span>
+<span>Packed tight with our comrades, a cheery collection,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">As we dash thro' the streets to the trenches afar.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61"></a>And France comes to meet us, to cheer us and greet us,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">As we race past the fields to the woods brightly green,<br /></span>
+<span>Whose young leaves half rustle with a great show of bustle<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">When we halt at the fairest of spots ever seen.<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1">[1]</a><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>Where the old kings of history, now shrouded in myst'ry,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Once hunted the boar, or the feather, or fur.<br /></span>
+<span>But we feel this is over as we wade thro' the clover,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">No tyrant again in this great wood shall stir.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>For France now demands it; however she stands it,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">However those brave ones in thousands can smile,<br /></span>
+<span>Requires some explaining, so cease all complaining,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And come on and battle and make it worth while.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62"></a>Yes! on to the thunder, tho' it's a blunder,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">On to the swish and the whine and the roar;<br /></span>
+<span>With the memoried face of one you called 'treasure,'<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Above and around and ever before.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>Oh! thou in that homeland so wistfully waiting,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Watching and wearing your worries or woe,<br /></span>
+<span>So proudly triumphant, consider such women;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Work for them, pray for them, smile as you go.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>For into the furnace they've thrown all their 'treasures,'<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Knowing that out of the vibrating whole,<br /></span>
+<span>Quiveringly molten, pulsating, gleaming,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Europe shall find her immaculate soul&mdash;<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>Soul of the suff'ring, bleeding and dying,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Soul of a freedom unselfish and clean,<br /></span>
+<span><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63"></a>Loving the light of a love all around us,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Scorning the actions of men who are mean.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>Oh! men who were kingly, mated to martyrs<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">(Silently, cheerfully, plodding along),<br /></span>
+<span>Send all ye can of such great souls to help us,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Make us and keep us triumphant and strong.<br /></span>
+</div>
+</div></div>
+<p class="cen"><span class="sc">G.P. Cuttriss</span> and <span class="sc">J.W. Hood.</span></p>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<h4>FOOTNOTES:</h4>
+
+<div class="note"><p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1">[1]</a> &nbsp; Ploegsteert.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<a name="OVER_THE_TOP" id="OVER_THE_TOP"></a><hr />
+<br />
+<h2><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64"></a>'OVER THE TOP.'</h2>
+
+<div class="img">
+<img border="0" src="images/overtop.jpg" width="60%" alt="Nothing is impossible" /><br />
+</div>
+
+<br />
+
+<p>From the time of our arrival in France until a week or two prior to
+the battle of Messines, general dissatisfaction was expressed by the
+troops because of the seeming slow progress that was being made. The
+men soon tired of the uneventful trench warfare. They were eager to go
+'over the top.' Defensive operations did not appeal to them; they were
+impatient to assume the offensive. To put it in their own language,
+they had enlisted not to dig trenches or repair roads, but to fight
+the Hun. Certainly the monotony was relieved by an occasional raid,
+for which <a name="Page_65" id="Page_65"></a>work they earned for the Division a splendid reputation.
+The area which the Division occupied was known throughout France as
+the 'Nursery,' where men, new to the modern mode of waging war, had
+opportunity for gaining experience and getting accustomed to shell and
+machine-gun fire under comparatively safe conditions.</p>
+
+<p>During this period of 'marking time' the men were engaged both day and
+night on works of importance, without which an offensive would have
+meant sheer suicide. The elaborate preparations that were being made
+denoted that a big 'push' was contemplated. In connexion with this
+work, the pioneers and the engineers did magnificently.</p>
+
+<p>Everything was arranged according to well-conceived plans, and the
+preliminaries to an unprecedented offensive were completed by June 6.
+Guns of different calibre were massed at points of vantage, cleverly
+camouflaged to conceal them from enemy observation. Dumps were replete
+with the necessary supplies <a name="Page_66" id="Page_66"></a>of ammunition, and scrupulous regard was
+paid to arrangements for keeping the lines of communication clear.
+Provision was made for the treatment of wounded and their evacuation,
+and for the burial of the killed. Refreshment stalls were established
+at convenient points, where the attacking troops and the wounded could
+receive hot coffee and biscuits. Nothing that could be done for the
+comfort of the men and to ensure the success of the venture was
+overlooked.</p>
+
+<p>Only those who are actually at the Front have any conception of the
+amount of work involved in assuming the aggressive. The staff
+responsible for perfecting the organization are deserving of the
+highest praise. There had been numerous rumours in connexion with
+mines. The air was electric, the men were confident, and all were
+determined to do their level best to uphold the splendid traditions
+bequeathed by older Australian units.</p>
+
+<p>During the night preceding the dawn of June 6 the troops who were to
+take part in the attack marched to <a name="Page_67" id="Page_67"></a>their respective assembling
+points. The march was uneventful up to a certain stage, after which
+large clouds of gas were encountered, which rendered necessary the
+wearing of respirators. Despite the sickly sensation produced by the
+inhalation of gas, the troops advanced. There is much to be written of
+the latter part of the approach march, but that will be recorded by
+others. It is sufficient to state that certain unforeseen events
+threatened to seriously disorganize things, but these were overcome as
+they were met with.</p>
+
+<p>Almost simultaneously with the first faint streak of the dawn of June
+7 the mines at Hill 60 and St. Yves were exploded. The sight was
+awe-inspiring, and the ground trembled as if in the throes of an
+agonizing palsy. On the tick of the appointed time our 'boys' went
+'over the top.' It was for this experience that they had worked and
+waited. They advanced immediately behind the barrage so consistently
+sustained by the artillery, and in the face of a terrific fusilade of
+machine-gun fire which seemed to leap upon them <a name="Page_68" id="Page_68"></a>from almost every
+angle. Some of the enemy machine-guns were captured by our troops, who
+used them with deadly effect upon the then retiring foe. All the
+objectives were obtained with clock-like precision. Again and again
+the victorious troops were subjected to withering counter-attacks, and
+shells fell around them like hail. There was no faltering. They held
+the recovered ground in the face of a merciless tornado of steel and
+bullets.</p>
+
+<p>As the infantry advanced, the pioneers and engineers followed, digging
+trenches, extending tramways, and keeping the lines of communication
+clear. No pen, however facile, could give the true lines to the
+picture. Ordinary language is inadequate to express all that was
+achieved, seen, and felt. The men did splendidly. The respective work
+of the several services was perfectly co-ordinated, so much so that
+after the 'stunt' it seemed as if a mutual admiration society had been
+spontaneously organized. The infantry congratulated the Flying Corps,
+the Flying Corps complimented the Artillery, and both Artillery and
+Flying Corps were loud in their praise <a name="Page_69" id="Page_69"></a>of the dauntless Infantry. All
+did their part, and the taking of Messines will probably be chronicled
+as one of the greatest, if not the greatest, of battles in connexion
+with this world-war.</p>
+
+<p>Prior to this engagement the Third Division had experienced but a
+sprinkling of fire, but during its progress it received its baptism,
+and emerged from the battle with a reputation of which any unit might
+be proud. It was a stupendous task, a severe test for the 'baby'
+Division, but every man rose to the occasion. The wounded were
+cheerful, the dead died gloriously, and those of us who are alive and
+remain are proud to have had some part in such an important and
+eminently successful undertaking.</p>
+
+<p>There were many acts of heroism, some of which have been officially
+recognized. The Australians have the utmost contempt for the enemy as
+fighting men. They declare that if the artillery and air-craft were
+eliminated they would be prepared to give the enemy the benefit of
+odds in hand-to-hand fighting.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70"></a>One instance will suffice to illustrate their indomitable spirit.
+While the 'push' was in progress, a man who, in his own words, had
+'stopped one,' was carried to an R.A.P. His wounds were numerous and
+rather serious. Two fingers of the left hand had been blown off, his
+right arm was shattered, his head and neck were much cut about, and
+blood oozed from wounds on his chest. This man had got a 'Blighty,'
+but he did not appear to be at all pleased. It should be stated that
+the men who receive wounds sufficiently serious to warrant their being
+sent to hospitals in England are considered, and consider themselves,
+very fortunate. He was disappointed because he was wounded, not that
+he complained about his disfigurement or the pain. I expressed my
+sympathy and wished him a speedy recovery and a happy time in
+'Blighty,' and suggested that possibly there would be no need for him
+to return, for the Hun might soon be driven out from Belgium. He eyed
+me unflinchingly, and endeavoured to raise himself on his uninjured
+elbow, <a name="Page_71" id="Page_71"></a>and then blurted out, 'It is just as well for the &mdash;&mdash; Huns
+that I got wounded.' These were not the exact words he used. There
+were many accompanying adjectives, without which the vocabulary of the
+Australian would be very limited indeed. This big-hearted,
+whole-souled, hefty 'Westralian' seemed to think that the issue to
+that particular 'push' depended absolutely upon him.</p>
+
+<p>The men of the Third Division have now had the experience which many
+had longed for. Going 'over the top' was not quite so romantic as
+fancy had pictured it to be, and the experience which is common to all
+who take part in it for the first time defies expression. A peculiar
+sensation creeps annoyingly slowly along the spinal column, subtly
+affecting every member of the body. There's a gripping of the heart
+and a numbing of the brain, and the tongue persistently cleaves to the
+roof of the mouth, which seems as dry as powdered chalk. A choking
+sensation accompanies every effort to cough. You may be in the
+stepping-off trench or lying <a name="Page_72" id="Page_72"></a>face-down on the churned-up mud out on
+'no man's land,' waiting for the signal to 'go.' The seconds tick
+slowly by, the minutes are leaden-footed in their passing, and seem
+like eternities. The eyes are almost blinded through the strain of
+peering into darkness, the imagination runs riot, grotesque shapes are
+conjured into view, only to be dissipated by a solitary flare or a
+series of gun-flashes. The fact that it is raining and you are lying
+in a gradually deepening pool of water occasions no concern. What
+matters most is that your puttees are frayed or your boots in need of
+repair, but you console yourself with the thought that after the
+'stunt' it will be easy to get a new outfit, and maybe you commence to
+make plans as to how you will spend your leave. You appear to be quite
+oblivious to the fact that the next moment may be your last.</p>
+
+<p>Ages roll by; suddenly you are conscious of somebody by your side; you
+make an attempt to smile, when at the same instant the ground trembles
+as if in the <a name="Page_73" id="Page_73"></a>throes of a tremendous earthquake; flash after flash in
+quick succession; the air vibrates with noises that deafen; hundreds
+of shells hurtle overhead. 'That's 'er,' shouts the man by your side.
+You are pleased that something has happened to divert your mind from
+its morbid fancyings. This is the 'Dinkum.' The electrical effect upon
+your mind and body is wonderful. You break from the shackles that fear
+and fancy have thrown round you. The reports of terrific explosions
+rend the air, you grip frantically at the soft mud to prevent yourself
+being hurled through space. Somebody from somewhere makes a sign, and
+in a moment you are erect and speeding in the direction of the enemy
+lines. There is but one thought in the mind as you allow your hand to
+tighten round your rifle&mdash;to gain your objective. Heaven help the Hun
+who attempts to frustrate you. 'Hurrah!' The wire has been smashed to
+smithereens, and in less time than it takes to describe you are 'over
+the top'&mdash;close up to the enemy line. You stumble forward, onward,
+<a name="Page_74" id="Page_74"></a>without noticing the broken nature of the ground. The sight of the
+enemy rushing towards you with hands well above their heads, shouting
+'Kamerad,' or fleeing before your advance, excites greater enthusiasm.</p>
+
+<p>You begin to notice other things. Possibly the first thing that dawns
+upon your mind is that others are taking part in the business&mdash;that
+you are not alone. Then you notice the effect of our shell-fire; this
+inspires greater confidence, and involuntarily you thank heaven for
+such splendid artillery. Then you notice little heaps clad in familiar
+khaki&mdash;they are what remain of comrades who have sealed their love of
+country with their blood. You observe others wandering aimlessly
+about, suffering from shell-shock; or the gallant stretcher-bearers,
+regardless of all danger, attending to the wounded and carrying them
+back for treatment. The sight does not grieve or shock you&mdash;only
+surprise is evinced by a change in facial expression. You just carry
+on&mdash;the shock and grief will come later. You just <a name="Page_75" id="Page_75"></a>grit your teeth and
+take a fresh grip of your rifle and go forward with greater
+determination to strike a blow in the cause of freedom and honour.
+Maybe you reach your objective, your clothes sodden with sticky,
+clammy mud and possibly the red of your own blood showing through.</p>
+
+<p>The whole thing has been like some dream of adventure with wild
+beasts; but there is firmly embedded in your consciousness the
+knowledge that you have done the job. Other waves of men pass through
+the line which you have wrested from the Hun; you cheer them as they
+pass, and then dig in for all you are worth.</p>
+
+<p>A few days later there appears in the daily papers, under the heading
+of 'British Official,' that the troops penetrated the enemy's lines to
+such and such a depth, and have bravely withstood several terrific
+counter-attacks; and war correspondents will cable the news to our
+waiting people of the Homeland that the 'boys' magnificently stormed
+and won additional fame; but if you want it in <a name="Page_76" id="Page_76"></a>the every-day language
+of the man from 'down under,' he merely went 'over the top.'</p>
+
+<p>After the rush there is no time for rest. The recovered ground must be
+retained. New positions have to be consolidated, fresh gun positions
+have to be constructed. The lines must be made habitable. The dead
+have to be buried. The efficient and expeditious manner in which this
+work was accomplished established the Third Division's right to full
+participation in the honour and glory of the taking and holding of
+Messines by the Second Anzacs.</p>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<a name="Shells_Contrast" id="Shells_Contrast"></a><hr />
+<br />
+<h2><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77"></a>SHELLS: A FEW SMILES AND A CONTRAST</h2>
+<br />
+
+<p>When the guns begin to speak, and shells are hurtling through the air,
+places of shelter are resorted to. These places are not always
+shell-proof, but they serve as a protection against splinters. There
+are few places that would withstand the effects of a direct hit by a
+heavy shell, but one feels perfectly safe with even a sheet of iron
+overhead. The effects of an explosion are very local, and the chances
+of a direct hit are very remote. The first law of nature takes
+precedence during a bombardment. Precaution is esteemed to be much
+better than a blanket and burial.</p>
+
+<p>In and about the towns at the back of the lines where the troops are
+billeted there are a sprinkling of civilians. When these places are
+being shelled they display no fear. Occasionally elderly people will
+<a name="Page_78" id="Page_78"></a>cover their heads with their hands and seek shelter in the cellars,
+while the soldier, ostrich-like, is quite contented provided he has
+some protection for his head, but the majority continue with their
+work as in normal times. When the civilians were questioned as to
+whether they were afraid of the enemy breaking through and carrying
+them off or killing them, they would confidently reply, 'Oh, no!
+British between.' They feel perfectly safe, knowing that the British
+are between them and the Hun.</p>
+
+<p>Many of them have good reason to remember the time when the enemy were
+in occupation of the town. In some instances the Germans have been
+highly spoken of. I give credence to every good report. Personally, we
+bear them no ill-will. We detest the system which has made them what
+they are, and we are here to crush it, and sincerely hope that the men
+of the German race who, however, mistaken, are ready to lay down their
+lives for their country, may emerge from this war and be re-made on
+the anvil of defeat, <a name="Page_79" id="Page_79"></a>and in the days to be redeem to honour the name
+which to-day is the synonym for all that is brutal and abhorrent.</p>
+
+<p>That all of them are not filled with implacable hatred towards the
+British is evidenced in the following incident. We attempted to raid
+the enemy trenches. The weather was bitterly cold and the night was
+dark. Our artillery put over a heavy barrage, after which the raiding
+party went forth; they crept forward over the muddy ground, and
+entered the German lines. Several casualties were sustained during the
+operations. When our men returned to their trenches, it was discovered
+that one of the raiding party was missing. When the noise of the
+counter-barrage had died down, a cry for help was distinctly heard by
+our front line troops. It came from 'no man's land.' A couple of
+stretcher-bearers and two men went out in search of the one in
+distress. While groping about amongst the wire in the darkness, they
+heard the Germans assuring the man for whom they were searching that
+he would be all right. Suddenly the enemy <a name="Page_80" id="Page_80"></a>turned a trench searchlight
+on to 'no man's land,' and by this light the search party were guided
+to their wounded comrade. The light was kept on him until he was
+rescued, and was then used to guide the party back to their own lines.
+During this time no shot was fired. This was a humane action indeed.</p>
+
+<p>All the Huns, however, are not so humanely disposed. In connexion with
+another raid on the enemy trenches, our men met with violent
+opposition, but succeeded in obtaining their objective. When
+returning, a few of the party were wounded&mdash;one very seriously. He was
+unable to make his way back. The Germans got him, stripped him of his
+uniform, and left him against the wire. The weather being intensely
+cold, the man soon died from exposure. These two incidents illustrate
+the two extremes in the attitude of the Huns towards the British. One
+was a brutal act of hatred, the other a humane act, which commends
+itself to both friend and foe.</p>
+
+<a name="others" id="others"></a>
+<div class="img" style="width: 60%;"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81"></a>
+<a href="images/imagep081.jpg">
+<img border="0" src="images/imagep081.jpg" width="90%" alt="To see ourselves as others see us." /></a><br />
+<p class="cen" style="margin-top: .2em;">To see ourselves as others see us.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The Germans have been credited with <a name="Page_82" id="Page_82"></a>almost every conceivable
+atrocity that man is capable of perpetrating. Whether these
+brutalities are perpetrated with the sanction of the German
+authorities, or are merely the expression of individual hatred, one is
+not prepared to state. We have ceased to be angry with or alarmed at
+their tactics of intimidation. We interpret every act of frightfulness
+as evidence of desperate conditions. The only effect that such
+devilish methods have upon the men in the lines is to make them more
+determined to crush the mad and murderous spirit of militarism which
+holds the Hun in its merciless grip.</p>
+
+<p>During ordinary trench warfare the enemy appears to concentrate his
+artillery fire on to the towns and villages at the back of our lines.
+Villages have been practically eliminated and large towns reduced to a
+heap of ruins. The destruction of these places is of no military
+consequence. It is pure vandalism.</p>
+
+<a name="cellar" id="cellar"></a>
+<div class="img" style="width: 60%;"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84"></a>
+<a href="images/imagep084.jpg">
+<img border="0" src="images/imagep084.jpg" width="80%" alt="With the aid of electric torches." /></a><br />
+<p class="cen" style="margin-top: .2em;">With the aid of electric torches ... we descended to the cellar.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Bairnsfather's sketches portraying the humour and coolness that such
+critical conditions create are in no particular <a name="Page_83" id="Page_83"></a>exaggerated. A
+certain building, prominently situated in a fairly large town, within
+easy range of the enemy guns, was being used as B.H.Qs. It afforded
+accommodation for about twelve officers and as many other ranks. The
+outskirts of the town had been subjected to severe shelling during the
+day. Towards evening the shelling ceased, but commenced again about
+midnight; on this occasion the shells were directed more to the centre
+of the town. Pieces of iron and a hail of shrapnel descended upon the
+roof of our billet. All were awakened by the noise. From different
+parts of the building the same query was advanced: 'Are you all
+right?' Then a hurried conference was held, and the C.O. decided that
+discretion was the better part of valour. With the aid of electric
+torches we collected our blankets, etc., and descended to the cellar.
+Everybody was cheerful. The report of the guns somewhere along the
+enemy's lines was heard distinctly, and we would wait for the swish of
+the shells as they hurtled through the air. Almost simultaneously
+<a name="Page_85" id="Page_85"></a>with the swish would come the crash followed by the sound of breaking
+glass and falling bricks, and involuntarily we exclaimed in chorus,
+'Another one in.' We thought of the poor devils who may have been in
+the vicinity where the shell exploded, and various expressions of
+sympathy escaped from our lips. Almost immediately on reaching the
+cellar, there was a terrific explosion, and one of the chimneys of the
+building crashed into the cellar. Gradually we lost interest and
+became almost indifferent to what was going on. One by one we repaired
+to our improvised beds on the floor. Sometimes one would have
+difficulty in wooing the goddess of sleep, and his persistency in
+asking questions was exceeded only by the annoyance experienced by
+those to whom the questions were addressed. The usual question of the
+sleepless individual is 'Where did that one land?' and the answer with
+some accompanying adjectives is invariably, 'I am more concerned about
+where the next one will land.'</p>
+
+<p>The enemy generally commences shelling <a name="Page_86" id="Page_86"></a>these places at the close of
+day, and the men have described these operations as 'The Hun's evening
+hate.' On one occasion a certain village was being strafed. Several
+men of a certain battalion were on the road at the time. They quickly
+availed themselves of the shelter of a cellar. The building was hit
+several times. Shortly after the bombardment commenced a man leading a
+mule was observed, coming along the road. He was invited to take
+shelter in the cellar. The invitation was accepted with alacrity. The
+mule was tethered to the window-sill, and the man was soon in their
+midst. Shells continued to burst overhead and round about. The
+newcomer proved to be a blessing. He soon had the men laughing despite
+the noise and danger. When a shell burst in close proximity to the
+building, he evinced great concern for the safety of his mule. 'My
+poor old &quot;donk,&quot;' he would exclaim; 'there goes his tail.' Another
+burst: 'There goes his hind-quarters.' It seemed impossible for the
+mule to escape injury or death. Turning to his companions he<a name="Page_87" id="Page_87"></a>
+declared that he would carry part of that mule back. If his head were
+left intact he would gather the harness and wrap it round the head and
+carry it back to the lines, and if the O.C. transport asked where the
+'donk' was, he would say, 'Shot from under me, sir.' Suddenly the
+shelling ceased, and they emerged from their shelter. The mule's
+master was the first outside. He fully expected to see but a
+blood-stain on the spot where he had left the beast, but to his great
+surprise and satisfaction he saw the mule serenely nibbling at the
+grass growing alongside the building. The old 'donk' had not sustained
+an injury. To say that he was proud to lead a whole mule back to his
+quarters instead of having to carry only its head, is an altogether
+inadequate way of describing his actual feelings.</p>
+
+<a name="bill" id="bill"></a>
+<div class="img" style="width: 90%;">
+<a href="images/imagep087.jpg">
+<img border="0" src="images/imagep087.jpg" width="100%" alt="'Did you hear that one, Bill?'" /></a><br />
+<p class="cen" style="margin-top: .2em;">'Did you hear that one, Bill?'</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>'Did you hear that one, Bill?' asked one man of another who had come
+along the shell-swept road rather hurriedly.</p>
+
+<p>'Yes,' replied the nearly exhausted man, 'I heard it twice; once when
+it passed me, and again when I passed it.'</p>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<a name="MESSINES" id="MESSINES"></a><hr />
+<br />
+<h2><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88"></a>MESSINES</h2>
+
+<h3>JUNE 7, 1917</h3>
+<br />
+
+<div style="margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; white-space: nowrap;">
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span>A shell-struck souvenir of hellish war,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">A monument of man's stupendous hate!<br /></span>
+<span>Can this have been a Paradise before,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Now up-blown, blasted, drear and desolate?<br /></span>
+<span>Aye, once with smiling and contented face<br /></span>
+<span>She reigned a queen above a charming place.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>But soon the sport of leaders and of kings<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Transformed her to a resting-place for guns,<br /></span>
+<span>Rude scars across her breasts the worker flings,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">To shelter countless hordes of hell-born Huns,<br /></span>
+<span>The while, upon the next opposing crest,<br /></span>
+<span>Our men died gamely as they did their best.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89"></a>And thus for years, with cold, relentless zeal,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">With fiendish science both sides fought and watched,<br /></span>
+<span>From loop-holes or from clouds which half conceal,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Or in deep tunnels all their skill was matched.<br /></span>
+<span>On sentry in the firebay, or the hov'ring 'plane,<br /></span>
+<span>Mining and countermining yet again.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>And far behind such scenes, great engineers<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Pondered o'er problems without parallel.<br /></span>
+<span>And planned with wisdom of a thousand years,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">To blow the other to eternal Hell.<br /></span>
+<span>Their calculations left no callous scheme untried,<br /></span>
+<span>To slaughter hundreds of the other side.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>But hush! the whole machinery's complete,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">All plans are folded and the great work's done,<br /></span>
+<span><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90"></a>The work of building up to cause defeat&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The lever's pulled, and, lo! a new work has begun.<br /></span>
+<span>The task of falling on a shattered foe,<br /></span>
+<span>And doing things undreamed-of years ago.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>Hush! hark! A mighty rumbling roar breaks thro',<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">And see! Her crest-line leaps into a flame,<br /></span>
+<span>The foul disease within her bowels she blew<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">High into the air to rid her of her shame;<br /></span>
+<span>In one huge vomit she now flings her filth,<br /></span>
+<span>Far o'er the country in a powdered 'tilth.'<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>And so the vassals of a fiendish foe<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Are scattered far and wide into a dust.<br /></span>
+<span>Those who have revelled as they wreaked red woe,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">A shattered sample of their own blood-lust.<br /></span>
+<span>Whilst from our hill-crest and its catacomb,<br /></span>
+<span>A new life comes a-pouring from the tomb.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91"></a>Eager, and burning with the zeal of youth,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Our Second Anzacs sprang from out the ground,<br /></span>
+<span>Bound by their mateships and their love of truth,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The Third Division its new soul has found;<br /></span>
+<span>Straight o'er the top amidst a hail of shell<br /></span>
+<span>To their objective which they knew so well.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>On, on, thro' poison gas and rattling roar,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Past ulc'rous craters, blackened foul and deep,<br /></span>
+<span>These comrades 'stuck' as ne'er they had before.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And kept together in their rushing sweep;<br /></span>
+<span>Deafened and rattled, hung up in the wire,<br /></span>
+<span>Helping each other thro' such fearful fire.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>On still until they reached the furthest goal,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">There to dig in and hold the new-won line.<br /></span>
+<span><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92"></a>By linking up each torn and shattered hole&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">By no means easy, but their grit was fine&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span>They fought and worked like demons till the dawn,<br /></span>
+<span>Harried and pestered by the 'Kaiser's spawn.'<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>And, baffled from his gun-pits far away,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Low-down, well south, an angry foe doth roar,<br /></span>
+<span>He opens out again upon another day<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And rakes the slope with shrapnel as before.<br /></span>
+<span>But only working parties on the top are found,<br /></span>
+<span>The rest, save A.M.C., are underground.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>Strange sights are seen upon that battle-ground,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">But stranger still are unearthed from below;<br /></span>
+<span>Here many supermen may now be found,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Just watch those stretcher-bearers where <i>they</i> go,<br /></span>
+<span><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93"></a>And see those parties bearing food and drink,<br /></span>
+<span>Past all those blizzard shells&mdash;then stand and think!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>But one poor shell-crazed loon roamed far and wide;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Sweat-grimed, wild-eyed, and now bereft of all.<br /></span>
+<span>'Me mates? W'ere is my mates?' he plaintive cried,<br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">'They's in that 'ole with <span class="sc" style="display: inline; padding-left: 0em;">me</span> when <span class="sc" style="display: inline; padding-left: 0em;">it</span> did fall.'<br /></span>
+<span>We took him to three huddled heaps near by,<br /></span>
+<span>But he roamed on as tho' he wished to die.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>And as the sun's great light bursts o'er the scene,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2"><i>La Petit Douve</i>, one-time a sparkling stream,<br /></span>
+<span>Now sluggish slides, red-tinted, she has been<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Past horrors thro' the night and <i>did not dream</i>.<br /></span>
+<span><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94"></a>For many days she'll, silent, strive to bear<br /></span>
+<span>Such human wreckage down a path once fair.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<p class="cen"><span class="sc">G.P. Cuttriss</span> and <span class="sc">J.W. Hood</span>.</p>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<hr />
+<br />
+
+<div class="img" style="width: 55%;"><a name="board" id="board"></a>
+<a href="images/imagep094.jpg">
+<img border="0" src="images/imagep094.jpg" width="80%" alt="The illustrator feeling happy, yet looking 'board.'" /></a><br />
+<p class="cen" style="margin-top: .2em;">The illustrator feeling happy, yet looking 'board.'</p>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<a name="Bill_the_Bugler" id="Bill_the_Bugler"></a><hr />
+<br />
+
+<div class="img">
+<img border="0" src="images/bill104.jpg" width="65%" alt="Bill the Bugler" /><br />
+</div>
+
+<h2><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95"></a>BILL THE BUGLER</h2>
+<br />
+
+<p>I well remember when the subject of this sketch 'joined up.' He was
+small of stature, and his general appearance was by no means
+prepossessing. That he had seen a good deal of the world was very
+evident, even to the most superficial observer. His language was
+picturesque, though not profane. A few weeks sufficed to 'lick him
+into shape,' and he presented a fairly tolerable figure in uniform. At
+spinning yarns he was an adept, and at camp concerts could invariably
+be depended upon for an item or two, always of a humorous nature.</p>
+
+<p>Bill quickly established himself amongst the 'boys' as a general
+favourite. This enviable position he still occupies. On <a name="Page_96" id="Page_96"></a>account of
+his duties as bugler requiring him to be one of the first up in the
+morning, and one of the last to retire at night, he sought a change of
+duty. He became a bandsman, then a stretcher-bearer, and eventually
+was detailed to assist in a cook-house&mdash;in cook-house terminology an
+'off-sider.'</p>
+
+<p>Though Bill had as much military experience as most of us, we could
+not think of him as a soldier. That our opinion of him was justified
+the following incident will illustrate. A party of officers, including
+a staff-major, was inspecting cooking and billeting arrangements in
+our quarters. Bill, who happened to have a couple of hours off that
+day, was strolling towards the party. He was in cook-house
+attire&mdash;tunicless, his hat well back on his head, shirt-sleeves rolled
+to the elbow, hands deep in his breeches pockets, a cigarette between
+his lips. Regardless of the critical eyes which were focused upon him,
+he sauntered leisurely towards the officers, and when in line with
+them he nodded and said 'Good-day.' The officers stopped, <a name="Page_97" id="Page_97"></a>and one of
+them peremptorily inquired, 'Aren't you a soldier?' 'Oh, no,' he
+replied; 'I'm D Company's cook!' His reply so amused the officers that
+he was allowed to continue on his way without being reminded that as a
+soldier he was required to salute all officers.</p>
+
+<p>After spending a few weeks in the cook-house, he asked permission to
+go to the trenches when the battalion went into the line. The transfer
+was effected, and he made a start with real soldiering. No amount of
+discipline could transform him from the free-from-care,
+do-as-you-please individual into the polished soldier. One evening he
+was posted over the gas-alert in the front line trenches, when a shell
+exploded a few yards in front of him. The explosion caused his hat to
+disappear and the concussion projected him into a dug-out. Only the
+solidity of the wall prevented him from going further; as it was, the
+force with which he was hurled against the side of the dug-out made a
+deep impression on the damp wall. He lay in a motionless heap in the
+corner <a name="Page_98" id="Page_98"></a>of the dug-out. A N.C.O. rushed along the duck-boards, thrust
+his head into the dug-out, and anxiously inquired of Bill as to
+whether he was hurt. Bill by this time had partially recovered from
+the shock. His small steel-grey eyes gradually opened. The N.C.O.
+again asked if he were hurt. Bill's eyes rolled, his lips moved, and
+then he blurted out, 'Oh, no, only my feelings!'</p>
+
+<p>Bill is not a man to make a fuss about anything. He has no time for
+red-tape in any shape or form, it is true, but whatever work is
+assigned him is always done satisfactorily. Whether he is any less a
+soldier or his efficiency as a fighting force impaired because of his
+failure to meet the rigid requirements of an exacting military
+regulation is a matter concerning which there might be a difference of
+opinion; but this at least stands to his credit: he knows no fear, is
+the life of the unit, and the battalion to which he belongs would
+sustain a distinct loss by the removal of Bugler Bill, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<a name="A_Tragedy" id="A_Tragedy"></a><hr />
+<br />
+<h2><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99"></a>A TRAGEDY OF THE WAR</h2>
+<br />
+
+<div style="margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; white-space: nowrap;">
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span>From strife they now march back to smiling farms,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Recoiling from the crash and smoke and roar.<br /></span>
+<span>Meadows, all verdant, faerie fields, whose charms<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Serve for a space to make them as before.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And peaceful pictures of the days of yore,<br /></span>
+<span>With thrilling thoughts of those they left behind<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Flash thro' the mental vision, and a score<br /></span>
+<span>Of letters brightly occupy the mind<br /></span>
+<span>Without a care, or woe, or doubt of any kind.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>Anon they journey from this place of rest<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">By night or early dawn back to the brink<br /></span>
+<span>Of that volcanic crater where the best<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Sit tight, scarce caring if they swim or sink.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100"></a>Silent they bear it, as they quietly think<br /></span>
+<span>The end approaching to their life at last,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And face each other, with a smile or wink<br /></span>
+<span>Outwardly stoic, tho' their hearts beat fast<br /></span>
+<span>As, thumping down, great shells come racing in and past.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>Erase such thoughts from out the o'er-wrought brain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Think rather of this freshness, and the sight<br /></span>
+<span>Of nature in her harvest dress, refrain<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">From plunging into the eternal night.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Such contrasts seem the only choice by right<br /></span>
+<span>Of those who battle for the joy of life.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Out on this troubled spot where Armies fight,<br /></span>
+<span>And peasants labour just behind such strife<br /></span>
+<span>Shorthandedly, unhelped, save by a child or wife.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101"></a>So come with me down hedgerows, down the glades,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And thro' the cosy glens, till far away<br /></span>
+<span>We come unto a hill-crest&mdash;lights and shades,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Bright coloured landscapes far below us lay,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Blue mists and fields of yellow corn and hay,<br /></span>
+<span>In rows like soldiers, now the tired eyes see,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And poplars guard the distant dim roadway,<br /></span>
+<span>Whilst near the wind sighs thro' the acorn-tree,<br /></span>
+<span>Till one feels hushed, serene, contented, almost free.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>And here, tucked back behind a leafy lane,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Low in a pocket of some sheltered ground,<br /></span>
+<span>An unpretentious farm, so snug and plain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">An invitation in itself; when found,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Only a whining howl like dingoes' sound,<br /></span>
+<span><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102"></a>Reminds one that there is a war near by.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The tools of peace see littered here around,<br /></span>
+<span>Weapons by which men learn to live, not die:<br /></span>
+<span>A plough, a drill, and there a binder standing nigh.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>'<i>Bon jour, m'sieurs</i>,' a little hunchback cries;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">A wizened, twisted human form divine;<br /></span>
+<span>She flashed a look of welcome from her eyes,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">From which the soul of ages seem to shine.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">'<i>Entrez</i>,' she welcomed, and her face looked fine,<br /></span>
+<span>As proudly bustling o'er her clean stone floor<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">She bade us linger, eat, and drink her wine.<br /></span>
+<span>Refreshed with food and drink, we loiter more<br /></span>
+<span>Within such cool retreat, delaying '<i>Au revoir</i>.'<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103"></a>And soon the human tragedy in course<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Of progress thro' that little home becomes<br /></span>
+<span>Clear to the senses, and to us much worse<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Compared with our Australia's peaceful homes.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">For, oh, the pity, as one's vision roams<br /></span>
+<span>From there to here, and back on wings again;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">A rush of feeling and emotion comes,<br /></span>
+<span>Whilst hearing this contorted piece of pain,<br /></span>
+<span>The stirring times of all their troubled lives explain.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>For she to whom Fate seemed at first unkind,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Now lives an angel in a higher sphere.<br /></span>
+<span>This pained and twisted cripple seemed to find<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Pleasure in living for her kinsfolk dear.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Hard work an honour, in her duty clear<br /></span>
+<span>To wives of brothers in the fighting line;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Women and children gather round her here;<br /></span>
+<span><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104"></a>For round their hearts her nature did entwine,<br /></span>
+<span>Her beaming face proclaimed 'See, Anglaise, they are mine.'<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>And all around these chubby children play,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Dirty, but happy, fed and cared for well,<br /></span>
+<span>With ne'er a troubled thought the live-long day,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">For they know little of adjacent hell.<br /></span>
+<span>The hunchback warns us we are not to tell<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">About the 'Allemagne' whilst they are nigh,<br /></span>
+<span>Since all have known him in the past too well.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">'Let them forget it as we often try.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2"><i>C'est la guerre</i>,' she said, and quickly brushed her eye.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>And then she whispers, as we loiter near,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The story of their young lives years ago,<br /></span>
+<span>When, snatched from cradles, with a frenzied fear,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105"></a>Their mothers hurried on before the foe;<br /></span>
+<span>Their men defend and screen them as they go,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And fight a rearguard action with the brute,<br /></span>
+<span>Who cares not for their agony or woe,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">But only for the blood-streams and the loot.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And now she sees us watching one poor little mute:<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">'Ah! this one?' and she pointed to the dot<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Who sat alone, and smiled to vacant space,<br /></span>
+<span>'Waits for her mother; very hard her lot;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">For years now has she waited in her place.<br /></span>
+<span>&quot;Where is her mother?&quot; I can never trace<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Somewhere beyond across &quot;the no man's way.&quot;<br /></span>
+<span>Some day, perhaps,' she cried, with yearning face.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The tiny mite, tho' happy, could not play,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Except with little restless hands all day.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106"></a>'Sometimes the shell come here right by,' she said.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">'The other day, when I what you call wash,<br /></span>
+<span>A big boom quickly pass above my head,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And fall out in the field with a big crash.<br /></span>
+<span>But, oh, those children, they so very rash,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">They know so little of the dreadful doom.<br /></span>
+<span>I come in time to save a fearful crash,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And catch them with the nose-cap in this room&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The nose-cap, unexhausted, from the boom.'<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>And then we start, inclined to say farewell.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">We try to brighten up the little maid<br /></span>
+<span>Who sits alone, perhaps in faerie dell;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">For she doth seem not in the least afraid.<br /></span>
+<span>She, smiling, takes the pennies which we lay<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Within her hands, tho' distant is her smile;<br /></span>
+<span><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107"></a>And for a space she seemed with them to play,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">But drops them ere we're scarcely gone, awhile<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">We wander back, half dumb, hard, thinking for a mile.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<p class="cen"><span class="sc">G.P. Cuttriss</span> and <span class="sc">J.W. Hood</span>.</p>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<hr />
+<br />
+
+<div class="img" style="width: 60%;"><a name="pennies" id="pennies"></a>
+<a href="images/imagep106.jpg">
+<img border="0" src="images/imagep106.jpg" width="75%" alt="&quot;She, smiling, takes the pennies....&quot;" /></a><br />
+<p class="cen" style="margin-top: .2em;">&quot;She, smiling, takes the pennies which we lay<br />
+Within her hands....&quot;</p>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<a name="Recreation" id="Recreation"></a><hr />
+<br />
+<h2><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108"></a>RECREATION BEHIND THE LINES</h2>
+
+<div class="img">
+<img border="0" src="images/horseshow.jpg" width="65%" alt="The Horse Show" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The military authorities have ever recognized the importance and value
+of recreation in connexion with the training of men. They realize that
+'all work and no play makes Tommy a dull boy'; and the provision that
+has been made for recreation and amusement for the 'boys' commands the
+deepest appreciation of both rank and file. The Australian is
+unaccustomed to the rigid restrictions of an inflexible military
+r&eacute;gime, and a temporary relaxation contributes much towards
+eliminating that feeling of 'fed-upness' to which he is so susceptible
+under monotonous and trying conditions, <a name="Page_109" id="Page_109"></a>and certainly assists in
+making him a less dissatisfied soldier.</p>
+
+<p>The sporting instinct is so ingrained in the average Australian that
+amusement and athletics have become part and parcel of his life, and
+his efficiency as a fighting force has been increased in consequence.
+His well-knit, muscular frame, and cheerful, free-from-care
+disposition, and love for clean sport, have won for him a place in the
+estimation of those who know and understand him, which is the envy of
+many. Australia has given to the world champions in almost every
+branch of sport, and the traditions which have been established on the
+football and cricket fields and in athletic circles in years preceding
+the war are being upheld and added to by her sons 'somewhere in
+France.'</p>
+
+<p>A General's task is by no means an easy one. He has to safeguard
+against dissatisfaction, which invariably is the primary cause of
+breaches of discipline. He requires to be tactful in the handling of
+his command, gain the confidence of the men, <a name="Page_110" id="Page_110"></a>and enlist their
+undivided support; yet every consideration must be subordinate to the
+supreme task of winning the war. His methods must be such as will
+exact prompt obedience and beget respect, without imposing undue
+hardships and punishment.</p>
+
+<p>The Third Division is exceedingly fortunate in having Major-General
+John Monash, C.B., V.D., in command. He is a popular and painstaking
+officer, a born leader, a strict disciplinarian, possessed of tireless
+energy. He has not spared himself in his efforts to establish and
+maintain a high standard of efficiency amongst all ranks. The G.O.C.
+set himself to put his men right and succeeded. He has a wonderfully
+comprehensive grip over every branch of activity, and woe betide the
+officer or man who is indifferent to or negligent of the duties
+entrusted to him. Any proposition calculated to benefit the men has
+always been favourably considered, and he has frequently been an
+interested spectator of various games that have been played just
+behind the lines. As a result <a name="Page_112" id="Page_112"></a>there is little if any disaffection
+among the men of the Division. Major-General Monash has encouraged by
+approval and assistance various forms of recreation and entertainment.
+The splendid fighting record of the Third speaks eloquently of his
+capable leadership and the rousing and prolonged cheering which greets
+him when presiding over or addressing an assembly of his men leaves no
+doubt in the mind as to his popularity.</p>
+
+<a name="horseshow" id="horseshow"></a>
+<div class="img" style="width: 90%;"><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111"></a>
+<a href="images/imagep110.jpg">
+<img border="0" src="images/imagep110.jpg" width="100%" alt="Off to the Horse Show." /></a><br />
+<p class="cen" style="margin-top: .2em;">Off to the Horse Show.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>For a few months after our arrival in France, a cinema afforded
+nightly entertainment. It was well patronized by the troops. The
+building used had seating accommodation for about seven hundred, and
+generally long before the hour of opening a queue of soldiers would
+assemble. There was no pushing or scrambling for tickets. The
+Australian good-humouredly submitted to the queue system, and
+patiently waited his turn. Mr. Frank Beaurepeare, of swimming fame,
+successfully managed the picture show, and eventually got together a
+few vocalists and comedians, who were organized into a <a name="Page_113" id="Page_113"></a>pierrot group.
+These men were relieved from other duties during the comparatively
+quiet periods. Eventually a couple of talented Tommies were added to
+the group, which came to be designated the Coo-ees, under the
+direction of Mr. Dixon, the capable and energetic successor to Mr.
+F.B. Beaurepeare. In addition to performing every evening, the Coo-ees
+frequently gave out-door concerts during the day or in the men's
+billets, after the evening entertainment. A nominal charge for
+admission was made, and the proceeds were used to augment the
+Divisional Funds, which are used for the benefit of the men. These
+entertainments were given within easy range of the enemy guns. On
+several occasions shells fell in the vicinity of the hall, but few
+casualties were reported.</p>
+
+<a name="sweet" id="sweet"></a>
+<div class="centered">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" width="90%" summary="page 114 illustration with captions">
+<tr>
+<td width="66%" class="tdc"><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114"></a>
+  <a href="images/imagep114a.jpg">
+  <img border="0" src="images/imagep114a.jpg" width="262" height="325" alt="'Sweet and Low' by the quartette party always brought forth rounds of applause." /></a><br /><br />
+  'Sweet and Low' by the quartette party <br />always brought forth rounds of applause.
+</td>
+<td class="tdc" valign="bottom" rowspan="2">
+  <a href="images/imagep114b.jpg">
+  <img border="0" src="images/imagep114b.jpg" width="150" height="309" alt="'Try it a little softer.' Taff Williams, Musical Director" /></a><br /><br />
+  'Try it a little softer.' <br />Taff Williams, Musical Director
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td style="padding: 5em;">Costumes were procured, and the programmes submitted were highly
+creditable and greatly appreciated. The quartette party was
+exceedingly popular, and never failed to please the 'boys.'
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<p>In addition to affording amusement, the Coo-ees did invaluable work
+during engagements. They either acted as stretcher-bearers or
+dispensed refreshments to the troops as they went forward to or
+returned from the trenches. They were <a name="Page_115" id="Page_115"></a>located at dressing-stations
+or at R.A.P.'s. It is generally hoped that the party as at present
+constituted will be available after the war for the purpose of giving
+entertainments in Australia such as they gave to the tired
+war-hardened troops 'somewhere in France.'</p>
+
+<p>Periodically horse shows and sports were arranged by D.H.Q.
+Substantial prizes and valuable trophies were awarded the successful
+competitors. The day's proceedings would be enlivened by band music.
+Impersonations of the world's mirth maker, Charlie Chaplin, and
+Australian 'sun-downers,' were decidedly clever and afforded much
+amusement. Horse shows always attract large attendances, and any
+vehicle going in the direction of the show grounds was practically
+commandeered by the tired but interested troops. They have a
+partiality, however, for 'M.T.' lorries. For weeks prior to the event,
+men would spend every available minute polishing chains, cleaning
+harness, painting vehicles, and grooming horses. Every unit has its
+admirers and <a name="Page_117" id="Page_117"></a>supporters, and all events were keenly contested.</p>
+
+<div class="img" style="width: 50%;"><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116"></a><a name="haig" id="haig"></a>
+<a href="images/imagep116.jpg">
+<img border="0" src="images/imagep116.jpg" width="65%" alt="Sir Douglas Haig, G.C.B., G.C.V.O., and Sir A.J.
+Godley, K.C.B., K.C.M.G., at the 2nd Anzac Horse Show." /></a><br />
+<p class="cen" style="margin-top: .2em;">Sir Douglas Haig, G.C.B., G.C.V.O., and Sir A.J.
+Godley, K.C.B., K.C.M.G., at the 2nd Anzac Horse Show.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>In addition to horse shows and sports organized by D.H.Q., the
+brigades and battalions within the Division arrange for f&ecirc;te days
+whenever opportunity offers. The manner in which these are carried out
+reflects the highest credit upon those responsible for their
+organization, and they have materially helped to bring about a better
+understanding between officers and men. Games appropriate to the
+season are played at the back of the lines. The ground selected for
+football or cricket may be shell-marked, and the materials used
+roughly made and incomplete. Football matches between different units
+have been as keenly contested on the muddy and broken fields of
+Belgium and France as those that have been played on the specially
+prepared grounds of the Homeland. The Australians have held their own
+against other units in both cricket and football.</p>
+
+<p>For those who find such games too strenuous, indoor games are provided
+by the Australian Comforts Fund, the <a name="Page_118" id="Page_118"></a>Y.M.C.A., or the League of Loyal
+Women of Australia. A circulating library is usually connected with
+the Y.M.C.A. or Church Army huts, so that practically every taste is
+catered for. An institution is justified in its existence by what it
+produces. Judged according to this canon, the various organizations
+which cater for the amusement and recreation of our fighting men have
+infallibly demonstrated their right to be, and should command the
+practical support of all who are interested in the well-being of our
+fighting men.</p>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<a name="The_Empire" id="The_Empire"></a><hr />
+<br />
+<h2><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119"></a>FOR THE CAUSE OF THE EMPIRE</h2>
+<br />
+
+<p>Irrespective of the state which sent us forth, and despite our
+denominational and political differences, we are undivided in our
+admiration of those who, in the enthusiasm of deathless devotion, have
+made the supreme sacrifice for King and country. Words are inadequate
+to express the tribute which we would pay to the memory of our brave
+dead. We are beginning to value heroism more truly, and have not been
+blind to the valour of those who have fallen in the effort to uphold
+the honour and flag of the Empire. The story of their deeds makes the
+heart beat faster. Many have discovered that the most glorious use to
+which life could be put was to give it away. When the smoke has lifted
+and the noise died down, the confession made and the true history of
+this war written, then we shall see their heroism <a name="Page_120" id="Page_120"></a>in the right light,
+and more fully appreciate their sacrifice in the interests of justice
+and honour. It matters not where they died&mdash;in hospital, on troopship,
+or on the battlefield; their presence in the Army was sufficient
+evidence of their willingness to bear their share of the cost in
+sacrifice that had to be made before the end could be achieved. They
+died as few men get the opportunity to die, fighting for all that is
+most worth while&mdash;for God, and right, and liberty&mdash;which is just
+another way of stating that they gave their lives for the glorious
+cause of the Empire.</p>
+
+<p>The general impression is that the Empire consists of an aggregation
+of people, in possession of vast territories and enormous wealth: that
+it consists of Great Britain, Canada, India, South Africa, Australia,
+New Zealand, &amp;c. Many cannot think of the Empire but in terms of
+territory, money, and men. The British Empire, like the Kingdom of
+God, is invisible. These material things are but the practical
+expression of great forces and unalterable principles such as freedom,
+democracy, justice, and faith, <a name="Page_121" id="Page_121"></a>which lie at the very base of our
+national life. It is for the retention and general enjoyment of these
+things that we are fighting. We are not fighting for France, Belgium,
+nor even for the Empire, as it is generally regarded, but for the
+enforcement of those standards of justice and honour which have made
+us the greatest nation in the world. It is not a war of retaliation
+nor aggression, but a war to redress wrong, to succour the weak and
+down-trodden.</p>
+
+<p>There is not lacking evidence that beneath the material aspects of
+this conflict there is a tremendous spiritual battle in progress, the
+issue of which will determine the value of these national assets. We
+cannot think that our comrades have given their lives merely to
+enlarge our borders or to increase our wealth. They have died for the
+cause of the Empire, and the cause of the Empire is synonymous with
+the cause of humanity, democracy, freedom, civilization&mdash;of
+Christianity.</p>
+
+<p>The cause of the Empire is the cause of God. The highest standard of
+civilization <a name="Page_122" id="Page_122"></a>finds expression in the readiness to make sacrifice that
+others might benefit. This standard has been splendidly exemplified by
+the 'boys' from Australia. This is the standard of the Empire as
+against that of Kultur, which is the suppression of the weak, the
+slaughter of the innocent, and the elimination of the small. The
+sacrifice has certainly been considerable, the price involved very
+great, but not too great. We are prepared to pay even a higher price
+rather than lose our heritage or forfeit our right to the enjoyment of
+the priceless privileges of freedom and justice. We cannot help the
+dead, but we can honour them, and we can best honour them by taking up
+the arms which they have laid down, filling the gaps which their death
+has made, and resting not until peace with honour shall have been
+established on firm and enduring foundations.</p>
+
+<p>War is certainly an ugly business; it is hell; but better by far than
+the loss of liberty and civilization under the heel of Prussian
+militarism; and we would pay our humble tribute to the memory of <a name="Page_123" id="Page_123"></a>our
+brave comrades who have freely given their lives for the cause of the
+Empire.</p>
+
+<p>To those who have lost&mdash;the wives, mothers, and sweethearts&mdash;we extend
+our deepest sympathy, and trust that their deep sorrow will be tinged
+with pride in the knowledge that their dear ones died the noblest
+death that men may die.</p>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<a name="OUR_HEROIC_DEAD" id="OUR_HEROIC_DEAD"></a><hr />
+<br />
+<h2><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124"></a>OUR HEROIC DEAD</h2>
+<br />
+
+<div style="margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; white-space: nowrap;">
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span>Our heroic dead, though war hath laid you low,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And cruelly robbed you of this earthly life,<br /></span>
+<span>You did your best against the fiendish foe,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And gave your all to put an end to strife.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>Our comrades still, sleep on; your names will live<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Long after this terrific war hath ceased.<br /></span>
+<span>No cannon's roar, no hurtling shell, no bomb<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Can harm thee or disturb your long last sleep.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>Down in your soldiers' graves you rest from toil,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Without the knowledge of the Hun's fierce hate.<br /></span>
+<span>The shell-struck, blood-stained clods of Belgian soil<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Will open to your souls the Pearly Gate.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125"></a>There is no place on this earth's troubled face<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">So sacred as the ground which shields your heads,<br /></span>
+<span>Fit resting-place for those so true and brave,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Who for <span class="sc" style="display: inline; padding-left: 0em;">the cause</span> the fullest price have paid.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>Australia's sons the sacrifice supreme<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">For honour, truth, and freedom gladly made;<br /></span>
+<span>And though the price as high again had been,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">We'd have paid it, bravely, for the Nation's sake.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span>Comrades, sleep on, till God's great Spirit comes<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">To clothe you with the life which never ends;<br /></span>
+<span>And o'er this shell-swept, bruised, and bleeding land<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Victorious and enduring peace descends.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<a name="Silver_Lining" id="Silver_Lining"></a><hr />
+<br />
+<h2><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126"></a>THE SILVER LINING</h2>
+<br />
+
+<p>War in itself is not a blessing&mdash;neither is the surgeon's knife. If it
+were a choice between a slow, painful death from a malignant cancer,
+or an operation, which would give pain for the time being, but which
+ultimately would bring relief and complete recovery&mdash;invariably the
+choice would be in favour of the operation.</p>
+
+<p>War is hell, but its prosecution as an effective means in arresting
+the development of the cancer of mad militarism was as essential as
+the use of the surgeon's knife to remove a malignant growth.</p>
+
+<p>War is an ugly business&mdash;it is carnage and horror. The thought of man
+butchered by his brother, the thought of both sea and land stained
+with human blood, spilled by human hands, is too horrible for
+contemplation. Yet peace at the price we were asked to pay would have
+been, in its effects, considerably worse than war.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127"></a>There are accruing to us individually, and to the Empire, blessings
+which possibly no other event (certainly not undisturbed tranquillity)
+than this unprecedented conflict could have created. There are
+compensations that are apt to be overlooked. To realize appreciably
+the compensatory effects in connexion with this conflict, it is
+necessary that we turn from the purely sordid and sad aspect to its
+spiritual and constructive side. The question, Has this war produced
+anything that would approximately counterbalance the arrest of
+industry and progress, waste of life at its prime, the desolation of
+hearts and homes, the devastation of property, and the incalculable
+measures of sorrow and suffering?&mdash;is permissible, and we forget not
+the atrocities on both land and sea, the deliberate violation of
+individual and international laws, and the fact that there is hardly a
+street without a loss, and scarce a heart without anxiety.</p>
+
+<p>Throw this immeasurable pile of war-waste and colossal suffering into
+the scales of thoughtful contemplation, then heap <a name="Page_128" id="Page_128"></a>into it as a
+counter-weight the blessings that have accrued, and the effect upon
+our minds must necessarily be to lead us to become more hopeful and
+less ungrateful.</p>
+
+<p>The Empire has awakened out of her sleep&mdash;she is purging away the
+dross that has accumulated round her life, and at last as a nation we
+have found our soul.</p>
+
+<p>The war found us in a muddle, both from a military and moral
+view-point, but out of that muddle a miracle has been fashioned. In
+addition, the Empire, even to its remotest outposts, has been
+consolidated, and the people over whom King George reigns are bound
+together in indissoluble bonds sealed with blood. Russia is now freed
+from the shackles of tyrannical oppression and autocratic domination;
+and the right to existence of the smaller nations has been powerfully
+endorsed.</p>
+
+<p>There are other factors than those stated above which contribute no
+inconsiderable weight towards counter-balancing the load of hardship
+and heartaches that this war has heaped upon us. Such will be the
+<a name="Page_129" id="Page_129"></a>theme of many writers when the smoke has lifted and the peoples of
+this earth again repose in the embrace of world-peace.</p>
+
+<p>We have, so far, only briefly considered the beneficial effects of
+this war upon the Empire. When we come to consider what the war has
+done for the individual, particularly those who are actively engaged
+at the battle fronts, the difference between the weight of suffering
+and the weight of blessing will be very palpable, even to the most
+superficial mind.</p>
+
+<p>Perhaps the blessing of most permanent importance that this war has
+brought to the majority of us is a strengthened faith in immortality.
+We cannot penetrate the veil that screens the mysteries of the future
+from our vision. Faith and the inner consciousness are the basis of
+our belief that there is a future. One cannot be at the Front very
+long before he is compelled to examine his thoughts in regard to
+immortality. Death is brought home very closely. The grim spectre
+points his finger at a man&mdash;perhaps in the first flush of
+<a name="Page_130" id="Page_130"></a>manhood&mdash;who has just commenced to appreciate the joy of living. Death
+challenges, and with no shadow of faltering, but perhaps with a smile,
+the challenge is accepted, and the lad goes under. It is no triumph
+for death. It is the soul of a man that has gained a glorious victory.
+One feels convinced that it is but the body that has terminated
+existence. The physical presence is no more, but the personality&mdash;the
+soul&mdash;has been translated and passed beyond us. Freed from the
+limitations of this earthly life, it has passed into the infinite to
+be with others who have gone before.</p>
+
+<p>Many scenes have been witnessed the memory of which, even now, fills
+the eyes with tears. Men waiting the advance of death&mdash;resolutely,
+fearless, hopeful.</p>
+
+<p>The war has done in a few months what years of preaching apparently
+failed to effect. It has produced a revival of religion amongst men,
+and consequently a slump in ritualism. Christianity has always had its
+enemies, and any opportunity for adversely criticizing the system <a name="Page_131" id="Page_131"></a>has
+been laid hold of by some with amazing alacrity. The report that the
+nearer men get to the firing line the less mindful they become of the
+claims of Christ is entirely false, and could only have been
+circulated by people who desired to depreciate the men whose character
+and courage command the admiration of all who know and understand
+them. Those responsible for the rise and spread of such a libel are
+neither the friends of the Church nor of the soldiers.</p>
+
+<p>All soldiers are not saints; all may not be gentlemen. Such claim has
+never been made by them, nor has it ever been their well-wishers'
+boast. Yet there are many soldiers whose lives are clean and sweet,
+who are entitled to be described 'saints' if ever man was. As for what
+constitutes a 'gentleman,' a difference of opinion exists; but judged
+by the standard raised since the outset of this terrific conflict
+amongst the nations, I have no hesitation in affirming that the vast
+majority of them are 'Nature's own.'</p>
+
+<p>Certainly there are some who are <a name="Page_132" id="Page_132"></a>careless and callous, who are not
+and never were amenable to the claims of Christ, who daily grow more
+forgetful of home-ties and become slaves to ignoble appetites; but
+such are few, very few, indeed; and the like are to be seen not only
+in military but also in civil life, and generally are not unfamiliar
+with orderly or court-room proceedings. Is it right that all should be
+condemned because of the capricious behaviour of an infinitesimal
+section? Is it Christ-like to condemn those whose actions are called
+into question? Even they are not beyond the pale of reformation and
+redemption&mdash;for such Christ tasted death.</p>
+
+<p>Then there are a few whose knowledge of the world and its wickedness
+is limited, who are separated from the restraints of home life, and
+who stray as sheep and sin in ignorance. Are all so strong that they
+can dispense with guidance, or so pure that sin ceases to allure? 'Let
+him who is without sin throw the first stone.'</p>
+
+<p>The men in the main are better since they joined up, and evidence is
+not lacking <a name="Page_133" id="Page_133"></a>that from the date of enlistment they appreciably
+realized the seriousness of the work to which they so willingly
+devoted themselves.</p>
+
+<p>As they get nearer to, and while they are at, the Front, they become
+more reverent and less disposed to frivolity. All church parades are
+voluntary, and the chaplains have no occasion to complain about poor
+attendances. The men crowd the buildings used for gospel meetings, and
+large numbers of them have publicly acknowledged their acceptance of
+the Christian faith.</p>
+
+<p>In proportion to the number of services conducted and the
+opportunities for attending them, more soldiers are present at
+religious meetings at the Front than civilians at home. In the ranks
+and amongst both N.C.O.'s and officers there are splendid Christian
+men. These men are a tower of strength to the chaplains, and their
+influence for good amongst their comrades is incalculable.</p>
+
+<p>It has been whispered that the war has completely shattered the
+foundations of Christianity; but from close observation <a name="Page_134" id="Page_134"></a>I am inclined
+to the opinion that it has exposed the instability and inadequacy of
+human creeds, and will eventually accomplish what the Churches have so
+lamentably failed to do.</p>
+
+<p>The war is an indictment against divided Christendom. If Christians
+the world over had been united in 'the faith' and 'of one mind in the
+Lord,' this war would have been both impracticable and impossible.</p>
+
+<p>Men on active service have grown indifferent not to Christ and His
+Church, but to human creeds and <i>our</i> brand of Christianity. Both have
+been proved impotent during the progress of this war.</p>
+
+<p>We have heard much about Christian union; no evidence of such is
+noticeable at the Front&mdash;at least amongst the accredited
+representatives of the various religious organizations. Emphasis is
+placed upon denominationalism, and more heart-burnings have been
+caused amongst the men in consequence of the divisions amongst the
+Churches than amongst the home folks at the fancied increasing
+<a name="Page_135" id="Page_135"></a>irreverence and indifference of the men regarding the things that are
+esteemed sacred. The men give evidence of being disposed to stand
+outside of all <i>human</i> creeds. Their query is not 'Are you a member of
+a certain religious organization?' but 'Are you a member of <i>The
+Church</i>?' Their views of Christianity are as simple as they are
+scriptural. The soldiers are beginning to realize that what matters
+most is not whether a man is a member of a certain Church, but <i>is he
+a Christian?</i> Just as the people of Russia have freed themselves of
+the yoke of autocratic government, so I predict that the most potent
+contribution towards bringing about Christian union will come not from
+the recognized leaders of the Churches, but from the soldiers on
+active service who have been impressed with the impotence of the
+existing system to bring about that condition which represents the
+ideal of Christianity, and the answer to our Lord's prayer, 'that all
+may be one in Him.'</p>
+
+<p>If the Allies were to strive for peace <a name="Page_136" id="Page_136"></a>and the overthrow of evil in
+the same manner as the Churches are seeking the overthrow of evil and
+the effecting of Christian union, they might well give up the
+conflict. Prolongation of the war and ultimate defeat could be the
+only issue.</p>
+
+<p>Many have learned to know themselves better. They have been made
+cognizant of their weaknesses and their strength&mdash;what they are
+capable of and where they fall short.</p>
+
+<p>Life at the Front affords unique opportunities for studying men. One
+is brought into such close contact with them. Every one is different,
+each having his own characteristics, his own eccentricities&mdash;each a
+distinct and separate personality. A man sees why this one succeeds
+and why that one fails&mdash;he succeeds himself, and learns to have
+confidence.</p>
+
+<p>Perhaps he fails and learns humility, and, maybe, because he has
+failed at one job he is given another, and he finds that he can 'make
+good.' Few, if any, ever dreamed that they were capable of <a name="Page_137" id="Page_137"></a>performing
+the tasks which are daily assumed by or assigned to them.</p>
+
+<p>Following upon a man getting to know himself, he acquires a knowledge
+of others. This tends to bridge the gulf that society has created
+between men. Class distinction is virtually eliminated after a few
+months of camp and active service life. Classification is made on the
+basis of character rather than on that of social status. This turn of
+events cannot help but materially contribute to the solution of those
+problems which arise out of the vexed question of social inequalities.</p>
+
+<p>Another effect which this war has produced, and which will prove an
+inestimable blessing, is that the home associations and the little
+joys of home life have become for all time our priceless possessions
+such as they never could otherwise.</p>
+
+<p>Our loved ones are enshrined in our hearts as never before. We feel
+that their personalities are with us, helping us every day. We have
+become capable of greater love for them. We live for them. We fight
+for them. Yea, we would willingly <a name="Page_138" id="Page_138"></a>die for them! And for many of us
+our thoughts, our deeds, our daily living is the result of a constant
+endeavour to be as they would have us.</p>
+
+<p>So I feel that the world will be better because of this war. Dark as
+is the cloud that hovers over all, it has its silver lining, and the
+majority of soldiers subscribe to the sentiments of the Apostle Paul,
+who declared that the sufferings of this present time are not worthy
+to be compared with the glory which shall be revealed in us. 'For our
+light affliction, which is but for a moment, worketh for us a far more
+exceeding and eternal weight of glory.'</p>
+
+<p>I feel that Australia will be a better land because of the experiences
+that so many of her sons have gone through. They have learned what
+their loved ones and what their homes mean to them. They have learned
+to appreciate the things most worth while, and will return with hearts
+full of love and thankfulness, more ready than ever before to devote
+their lives to the happiness of those who with bursting <a name="Page_139" id="Page_139"></a>hearts
+watched them go; and ever prayed for their return.</p>
+
+<p>'They also serve who only stand and wait.'</p>
+
+<p>How true that is, and how we have realized it since we have been out
+here! We know that the wives, the mothers, the sweethearts, have had a
+harder time than any of us. We realize the long anxious time of
+waiting they have gone through, and know the magnificent part they
+have played in this world-wide war.</p>
+
+<p>However dark things may appear now, the future is radiant with hope,
+and Australia's sons will return to their beloved land bigger and
+better men than when they left; and our country will be a nobler one
+because so many of her sons heard the call of the Motherland, and
+responded gloriously.</p>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<hr />
+<br />
+
+<div class="img" style="width: 55%;"><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140"></a><a name="bonsoir" id="bonsoir"></a>
+<a href="images/imagep140.jpg">
+<img border="0" src="images/imagep140.jpg" width="80%" alt="BON SOIR." /></a><br />
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<hr />
+<br />
+
+<h5><i>Printed by Jarrold &amp; Sons, Ltd., Norwich, England.</i></h5>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<hr />
+<br />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Over the Top With the Third Australian
+Division, by G. P. Cuttriss
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OVER THE TOP ***
+
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+</body>
+</html>
+
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,2579 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Over the Top With the Third Australian
+Division, by G. P. Cuttriss
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Over the Top With the Third Australian Division
+
+Author: G. P. Cuttriss
+
+Illustrator: Neil McBeath
+
+Release Date: August 24, 2005 [EBook #16588]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OVER THE TOP ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Elaine Walker, Jeannie Howse and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: Major-General Sir John Monash, K.C.B., V.D.
+_Photo by Elliott & Fry._]
+
+
+
+
+
+                 'OVER THE TOP'
+           WITH THE THIRD AUSTRALIAN
+                    DIVISION
+
+
+                       BY
+
+                 G.P. CUTTRISS
+
+
+              WITH INTRODUCTION BY
+         MAJOR-GENERAL SIR JOHN MONASH,
+                  K.C.B., V.D.
+
+
+         _ILLUSTRATED BY NEIL McBEATH_
+
+
+                     London
+                CHARLES H. KELLY
+ 25-35 CITY ROAD, AND 26 PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C.
+
+
+                            TO THE
+              FADELESS MEMORY OF OUR HEROIC DEAD
+                            AND TO
+                     THOSE WHO HAVE LOST
+            THIS BRIEF VOLUME OF SKETCH AND STORY
+                        IS DEDICATED,
+                   IN UNSTINTED ADMIRATION,
+                  IN AFFECTIONATE SYMPATHY,
+              AND IN THE UNSHAKEABLE BELIEF THAT
+
+
+
+
+    'As sure as God's in heaven,
+       As sure as He stands for right,
+     As sure as the Hun this wrong hath done,
+       So surely we'll win this fight.'
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE
+
+
+In response to numerous requests from the 'boys,' this brief volume of
+story and sketch is published. It makes no pretension to literary
+merit, neither is it intended to serve as a history of the Division.
+The indulgence of those who may read is earnestly solicited, in view
+of the work having been prepared amidst the trying and thrilling
+experiences so common to active service. The fighting history of the
+Australian Forces is one long series of magnificent achievements,
+beginning on that day of sacred and glorious memory, April 25, 1915.
+Ever since that wonderful test of capacity and courage the Australians
+have advanced from victory to victory, and have won for themselves a
+splendid reputation. Details of training, raids, engagements, and
+tactical features have been purposely omitted. The more serious
+aspect will be written by others. In deference to Mr. Censor, names of
+places and persons have been suppressed, but such omissions will not
+detract from the interest of the book. 'Over the Top with the Third
+Australian Division' is illustrative of that big-hearted,
+devil-may-care style of the Australians, the men who can see the
+brighter side of life under the most distracting circumstances and
+most unpromising conditions. In the pages that follow, some incidents
+of the life of the men may help to pass away a pleasant hour and serve
+as a reminder of events, past and gone, but which will ever be fresh
+to those whose immediate interests attach to the Third Australian
+Division.
+
+G.P. CUTTRISS.
+
+[Illustration: The Author.
+_Photo by Lafayette, Ltd._]
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION
+
+
+At the outbreak of the World War in August, 1914, the Australian as a
+soldier was an unknown quantity. It is quite true that in the previous
+campaigns in the Soudan and in South Africa, Australia had been
+represented, and that a sprinkling of native-born Australians had
+taken service in the Imperial armies. The performances of these
+pioneers of Australia in arms were creditable, and the reputation
+which they had earned was full of promise. But, viewed in their proper
+perspective, these contributions to Imperial Defence were no true
+index of the capacity of the Australian nation to raise and maintain a
+great army worthy and able in all details to take its place in a world
+war, beside the armies of the great and historic civilizations of the
+Old World.
+
+No Australian, nor least of all those among them who had laboured in
+times of peace to prepare the way for a great national effort,
+whenever the call to action should come, ever doubted the capacity of
+the nation worthily to respond; but while the magnitude and quality of
+the possible effort might well have been doubted by our Imperial
+authorities and our Allies, and while it was certainly regarded as
+negligible by our enemies, the result in achievement has exceeded, in
+a mighty degree, the most optimistic hopes even of those who knew or
+thought they knew what Australia was capable of.
+
+For, to-day, Australia has, besides its substantial contribution to
+the Naval Forces of the Empire, actually in being a land army of five
+divisions and two mounted divisions, fully officered, fully equipped,
+and stamped with the seal of brilliantly successful performance; and
+has created and maintained all the hundred and one national activities
+upon which such an achievement depends.
+
+We are still too close to the picture to realize the miracle which has
+been wrought, or to understand in all their breadth the factors on
+which it has depended; but, fundamentally, and overshadowing all other
+factors, the result is based upon the character of the Australian
+people, and upon the personality of the Australian soldier.
+
+It is the latter factor which, to one who has been for so long in
+intimate daily contact with him, makes the closest appeal. It is from
+that close association, from the knowledge born of experience of him
+in every phase of his daily life, that the Australian can be
+proclaimed as second to none in the world both as a soldier and as a
+fighting man. For these things are not synonymous, and the first
+lesson that every recruit has to learn is that they are not
+synonymous; that the thing which converts a mere fighting man into a
+soldier is the sense of discipline. This word 'discipline' is often
+cruelly misused and misunderstood. Upon it, in its broadest and truest
+sense, depends the capacity of men, in the aggregate, for successful
+concerted action. It is precisely because the Australian is born with
+and develops in his national life the very instinct of discipline that
+he has been enabled to prove himself so successful a soldier. He obeys
+constituted authority because he knows that success depends upon his
+doing so, whether his activities are devoted to the interests of his
+football team or his industrial organization or his regiment. He has
+an infinite capacity for 'team' work. And he brings to bear upon that
+work a high order of intelligence and understanding. In his other
+splendid qualities, his self-reliance, his devotion to his cause and
+his comrades, and his unfailing cheerfulness under hardship and
+distress, he displays other manifestations of that same instinct of
+discipline.
+
+Some day cold and formal histories will record the deeds and
+performances of the Australian soldiery; but it is not to them that we
+shall turn for an illumination of his true character. It is to stories
+such as these which follow, of his daily life, of his psychology, of
+his personality, that we must look. And we shall look not in vain,
+when, as in the following pages, the tale has been written down by one
+of themselves, who has lived and worked among them, and who
+understands them in a spirit of true sympathy and comradeship. The
+Author of these sketches is himself true to his type, and an
+embodiment of all that is most worthy and most admirable in the
+Australian soldier.
+
+JOHN MONASH, _Major-General_.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+                                                PAGE
+
+  FROM 'THERE' TO 'HERE'                          17
+
+  AUSTRALIANS--IN VARIOUS MOODS                   28
+
+  SUNDAY, 'SOMEWHERE IN FRANCE'                   42
+
+  SOLDIERS' SUPERSTITIONS                         49
+
+  ON THE EVE OF BATTLE                            59
+
+  'OVER THE TOP'                                  64
+
+  SHELLS: A FEW SMILES AND A CONTRAST             77
+
+  MESSINES                                        88
+
+  BILL THE BUGLER                                 95
+
+  A TRAGEDY OF THE WAR                            99
+
+  RECREATION BEHIND THE LINES                    108
+
+  FOR THE CAUSE OF THE EMPIRE                    119
+
+  OUR HEROIC DEAD                                124
+
+  THE SILVER LINING                              126
+
+
+
+
+LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+  Major-General Sir John Monash, K.C.B., V.D.             _Frontispiece_
+
+                                                                    PAGE
+  The Author                                                _Facing_   8
+
+  The Trip across was not as comfortable as it might have been        21
+
+  Church buildings seem to have received special attention from
+    enemy artillery                                         _Facing_  25
+
+  When you are perfectly sober and imagine you're not                 26
+
+  'Where are you going, my man?'                                      31
+
+  The Ostrich                                                         45
+
+  Despite good wishes from friends in the Homeland it was
+    difficult to keep warm                                            51
+
+  A silent tribute to the brave                             _Facing_  54
+
+  To the Widows of France                                      "      58
+
+  To see ourselves as others see us                                   81
+
+  With the aid of electric torches ... we descended to the cellar     84
+
+  'Did you hear that one, Bill?'                            _Facing_  87
+
+  The Illustrator feeling happy, yet looking 'board'           "      94
+
+  'She, smiling, takes the pennies'                            "     106
+
+  Off to the Horse Show                                              111
+
+  Sweet and low                                                      114
+
+  Taff Williams, Musical Director                                    114
+
+  Sir Douglas Haig, G.C.B., G.C.V.O., and Sir A.J. Godley,
+    K.C.B., K.C.M.G., at the 2nd Anzac Horse Show                    116
+
+  'Bon Soir'                                                         140
+
+
+
+
+='OVER THE TOP'=
+
+FROM 'THERE' TO 'HERE'
+
+
+Towards the end of November, 1916, our hopes of moving out from 'where
+we then were' to 'where we now are' materialized to the evident
+satisfaction of all. Few, if any, cared as to our probable
+destination; the chief interest centred in the fact that we were to
+start for the Front. The time spent Somewhere in the Motherland was by
+no means wasted. Due regard had been paid to the training of the men,
+who reached a standard of efficiency which earned for the Division a
+reputation second to none. While in England the Third was the subject
+of scorn and bitter criticism. Older Divisions could not forget, and
+possibly regretted, the fact that they had had no such prolonged
+training in mock trenches and in inglorious safety. However, since
+leaving England the Division has lived down the scorn that was heaped
+upon it, by upholding the traditions handed down by older and more
+war-worn units. Recently the Division was referred to by a noted
+General as one of the best equipped and most efficient units not only
+amongst the Overseas Divisions but of the whole Army in France.
+
+The arrangements for our moving out were approximately perfect. There
+was no hitch. The military machine, like the Tanks of recent fame,
+over-rides or brushes to one side all obstacles. There was manifest
+among all ranks an eagerness to leave nothing undone that would in any
+way facilitate entraining and embarkation. The knowledge that we were
+at last on our way to the 'Dinkum' thing had the effect of leading us
+to take a more serious view of the situation. It is surprising,
+however, how soon men become attached to a place; and though the
+conditions at Lark Hill were in no sense ideal, it had been our home
+for several months and we were loth to leave. Perhaps the thought
+that many of us might possibly never return inspired the longing looks
+that were directed towards the camp as we marched on our way to the
+station. Who of those who took part in that march will forget the
+cheers with which we were greeted by the residents of that
+picturesquely situated village as we trudged along its winding road?
+We had enjoyed their hospitality, and we appreciated their cordial
+wishes for success and safety.
+
+The task of entraining a large body of men was expertly accomplished,
+and after a brief delay we were speeding in the direction of the port
+of embarkation. The train journey was practically without event. The
+men were disposed to be quiet. On arrival at the quay parties were
+detailed to assist in putting mails and equipment aboard the
+transports. Punctually at the hour advised we trooped aboard the ships
+that were to convey us across the water. There was very little
+accommodation for men, but they squeezed in and made the best of the
+situation. The trip across was not as comfortable as it might have
+been, but its duration was so brief that the discomfort was scarcely
+worth serious thought. The transports cast anchor off the harbour
+early the following morning, but it was not until late in the
+afternoon that they were berthed alongside the wharf. Scarcely had the
+transports touched the wharf-side when they commenced to disgorge
+their living freight.
+
+[Illustration: The trip across was not as comfortable as it might have
+been.]
+
+From the waterside we marched to No. 1 Rest (?) Camp, situated on the
+summit of a hill on the outskirts of the town. The camp was reached
+some time after darkness had settled down over the land. The weather
+was most miserable. The air was charged with icy blasts, and rain fell
+continuously throughout the night. The least said about our
+impressions and experiences during our brief stay in that camp the
+better; suffice to state that one of the most miserable memories that
+can be recalled in connexion with our experiences on active service is
+associated with No. 1 Rest Camp.
+
+The following morning we marched to the main railway station and
+entrained for the Front. The accommodation provided was fairly
+comfortable, though the carriages (?) had been used more for carrying
+mules than men. The train journey extended over thirty hours. All
+along the route there were evidences of military activity denoting
+extensive and effective military organization. We noted the continuous
+stream of traffic on the roads, and were amused with the names chalked
+on the heavy guns, which were being drawn by a style of tractor quite
+new to most of us. 'No friend of Fritz' was a powerful-looking gun,
+and greatly impressed us; but the sight of a number of heavier guns
+thrilled us, and we involuntarily shouted 'Good old England.'
+
+There was not a dull moment during that thirty hours' run. There was
+much to interest the 'freshmen.' Eventually we reached our rail
+destination, and marched to our quarters, where we arrived late at
+night. That we were not far from the fighting line was very evident by
+the close proximity of the artillery, which expressed itself so
+emphatically that the air reverberated with its deep boom, relieved
+at intervals by the staccato reports of machine-guns in action.
+
+The troops were quartered in different places. They were as
+indifferent as they were different, but any place which afforded
+shelter from the rain and protection from the cold was greatly
+appreciated. Despite the inconveniences within and the noises without
+few had difficulty in wooing Morpheus and reposed in his embrace until
+a late hour next morning.
+
+Opportunity was afforded during the day for having a look round and
+cultivating an acquaintance with the district. The country round about
+is fairly level, and, despite the fact that it was just behind the
+lines and under enemy observation, farming operations and business
+were carried on in perfect serenity. A cinema afforded entertainment
+in the evenings. The men were cheerful, and accepted the change from
+the 'sham' to the real uncomplainingly, and commenced making their
+billets as comfortable as circumstances would permit. Stoves were
+greatly in demand, but few were available. The law in France is that
+nothing shall be removed from a building without permission. Troops
+were forbidden to enter houses under any pretence whatever; but very
+occasionally men lost their way, and unwittingly (?) wandered into
+forbidden places, and when detected by certain officials evinced great
+surprise on being found therein. The Town Major on one occasion was
+walking past a building, the door of which was ajar, and he observed
+two men struggling with a stove half up the stairway. 'What are you
+doing with that stove?' he peremptorily asked. 'Putting it back, sir,'
+was the prompt reply.
+
+It is surprising with what readiness the Australian adapts himself to
+whatever conditions prevail. He possesses plenty of initiative, which
+is an invaluable asset on active service. Friendships were quickly
+formed with the villagers, who were chiefly refugees, and much
+amusement was caused as the troops sought to make use of the French
+words which they had endeavoured to learn. There was scarcely any
+necessity, however to try to speak French, as most of the people
+understood sufficient of the English language for ordinary business
+transactions. It was only when love-making was resorted to that a
+knowledge of French became a vital necessity.
+
+There was a great deal to interest the troops in this district, which
+for a brief period had been occupied by the enemy. The town was
+subjected to heavy shell fire almost daily. Evidences of the enemy's
+brief stay and the effects of their 'frightfulness' were not lacking.
+Since our occupation, the place has been reduced to a heap of ruins by
+the enemy's artillery, which appears to have paid special attention to
+church buildings, for many of them have been totally destroyed. Almost
+immediately upon our arrival in this place certain units of the
+Division occupied the trenches along the Divisional Front, and very
+soon proved themselves to be just as capable as the more experienced
+troops which they had relieved.
+
+We were located in and about the town for several months, during which
+time the Third Division won a name for the efficiency and daring of
+its raids, and silenced for all time the gibes and criticisms of the
+more war-worn comrades of the older divisions. 'Here' the Division has
+comported itself precisely as it did over 'there.' In training the men
+tried to do their duty. In battle they have done their duty, many of
+them even unto death.
+
+[Illustration: When you are perfectly sober, and you imagine you're
+not.]
+
+What of the future? Just the same; but with that courage and
+confidence born of experience, still greater attainments may be
+expected.
+
+
+
+
+AUSTRALIANS--IN VARIOUS MOODS
+
+
+The Australian soldier is a peculiar mixture; but for pluck in the
+face of danger, patience in the grip of pain, and initiative in the
+presence of the unexpected, he holds a unique place amongst men. He
+has been subjected to considerable adverse criticism for seeming lack
+of discipline. Kind things and other kinds of things have been freely
+said to his detriment; but if every word were true, he is not to
+blame. The Australian soldier, like any other soldier, is but the
+product of a system, the standard or inefficiency of which it would
+not be just to hold him responsible for. The majority frankly admit
+that soldiering is not in their line. They would never choose it as a
+profession; yet the man from 'Down Under' has given unmistakable proof
+that he is as amenable to discipline as any other, and rightly led
+he, as a fighting force, compares favourably with the best that any
+nation has produced. His language at times is not too choice. It is
+said that on occasions the outburst has been so hot that the water
+carts have been consumed in flames. Be that as it may, his diction in
+no sense denotes the exact state of his mind or morals. His contagious
+cheerfulness has established him a firm favourite with the French
+people, whose admiration and affection he will hold for all time.
+
+An officer belonging to another part of the Empire tells a story
+against himself. Arriving in a village late at night, he inquired at a
+cottage as to whether a billet could be provided. Before replying the
+occupant, a widow, asked whether he was an Australian or a ----. Upon
+learning his regimental identity, she told him that she had no
+accommodation. Somewhat vexed, he retorted, 'If I were an Australian
+you would probably have found room for me.' 'Yes,' was her reply.
+'Well,' the officer observed, 'I fail to understand what you see in
+the Australians; they're savages.' Before closing the door the
+occupant said, 'I like savages.'
+
+The following incidents but imperfectly portray the irrepressible
+humour, unexampled heroism, and splendid initiative so commendably
+displayed by the Australian under the varying and trying conditions
+common to modern warfare.
+
+
+IMPROMPTU WIT.
+
+The ----th Battalion had been relieved. The men had been in the lines
+six days. They looked forward to a few days' spell at the back of the
+trenches. On reaching the back area some of the men were detailed to
+carry supplies up to the lines. Whilst so engaged they were met by a
+General, who was in the habit of visiting the trenches unaccompanied.
+This officer, himself a young man, ever had a cheery word for the
+'boys.' One of the men on duty lagged some distance behind the main
+party. The expression on his face indicated that he was 'fed up.' He
+was also beginning to feel the weight of the sack which he was
+carrying. As he passed, the General acknowledged the reluctant turn
+of his head by way of salute, and then asked, 'Where are you going, my
+man?' 'In the ---- knees, sir,' was the ready and witty reply.
+
+[Illustration:
+'Where are you going, my man?'
+'In the knees, sir.']
+
+
+MORE CURIOUS THAN CAUTIOUS.
+
+A man on duty in the front-line trenches displayed more curiosity than
+caution and eventually paid the penalty for his mistake. In the
+endeavour to ascertain what was going on across 'no man's way,' he
+exposed himself to the keen observation of an enemy sniper, who
+quickly trained his rifle on him and a bullet penetrated the steel
+helmet of the over-curious soldier. The bullet traversed the crown of
+the head and lodged in the nape of the neck. He flung his rifle to one
+side and did a sprint along the duck-boards. His mates inquired the
+reason of his haste. Without abating his speed he called out, 'Do you
+think that I want to drop dead in that blimey mud?' As he reached the
+dry duck-boards his strength gave out, and he would have fallen but
+for the timely assistance from two of his mates, who lowered him
+gently, then brought a stretcher on which to carry him to the R.A.P.
+As they were about to start away with him, he opened his eyes, and
+they inquired if he were hurt. 'Well, it does give you a bit of a
+headache, you know,' he replied; 'have you got a fag?' A cigarette was
+handed to him, and as they carried him away he smoked his 'fag.'
+
+
+IT'S ALL IN THE GAME.
+
+A similar instance of absolute self-forgetfulness and indomitable
+spirit occurred at another part of the line. A shell burst near to our
+wire and projected a tangled heap of it forward. A piece of barbed
+wire encircled a man's neck. The barbs bit into the flesh. The
+shoulders of his tunic were torn. The blood flowed freely from nasty
+cuts in his neck and cheeks. Without altering his position he looked
+out in the direction of the Hun lines and declared that if he ever got
+hold of the ---- Hun who fired that ---- shell, he would drive his
+---- bayonet through him. When the wire was taken from round his neck,
+his face wreathed in smiles as he remarked, 'Well, I suppose it is
+all in the game,' then turning to his mates he asked, 'I say, digger,
+have you got a smoke?'
+
+My Lady Nicotine is certainly a general favourite amongst the 'boys.'
+They seek her solace during the critical periods of their active
+service life. Unquestionably one of the most deeply appreciated issues
+that the men receive is that of tobacco and cigarettes. For this extra
+'ration' credit must be given to the A.C.F. and other funds which have
+expended large sums of money in making available to the troops the
+'pipe of peace' and the comfort of the 'fag.'
+
+
+A CLEVER RUSE.
+
+This incident is related in the strictest confidence, and solely upon
+the condition that the identity of the individuals concerned will not
+be disclosed. A certain officer--I dare not mention his rank, as there
+are so few Generals amongst us that to even mention it would be
+tantamount to disclosing his identity. Therefore, a certain officer
+was on a tour of inspection. The utmost effort had been made by the
+unit holding the line to have everything satisfactory. The trenches
+must be kept clean and sanitary. Every precaution is adopted to
+safeguard the health of the men. The officer's visit was timed just
+after the issue of rum had been made. Rum is not a regular issue by
+any means, but a little had been made available at that time, and was
+supposed to be taken much the same as is medicine, viz., on the M.O.'s
+recommendation. A few minutes before the arrival of the officer of
+high rank the platoon officer observed one of his men under the
+influence of drink. He learned on inquiry that the man had secured
+some rum in addition to what had been issued. To get him out of the
+way was his first thought. Somebody suggested that he be placed on a
+stretcher and covered with a blanket. It was no sooner suggested than
+acted upon. When the officer making the inspection entered the trench
+two men bore the stretcher with its burden past him. He stood to one
+side and saluted as he would the dead. Of course the man on the
+stretcher was dead--'dead drunk.' No questions were asked, therefore
+no untruths were told. The unit had the satisfaction of learning that
+their lines were satisfactory; but in a certain company's orderly-room
+the following morning a certain man had a most unenviable quarter of
+an hour in the presence of his irate O.C.
+
+
+TURNING THE TABLES.
+
+During a raid made on our lines the enemy succeeded in reaching our
+trenches, but were quickly ejected. Two of the raiding party were
+killed, and as many were taken prisoners. One of them met his death in
+a very tragic manner. A member of the ----th battalion was fast
+asleep in his makeshift of a dug-out the night the Germans entered our
+lines. He knew nothing of their visit until wakened by a heavy hand
+being placed on his shoulder. Great was his astonishment on waking to
+find himself gazing into the face of a Hun, who gurgled and
+gesticulated, which sounds and signs he interpreted as an invitation
+to put his hands up. His hands went up as he struggled to his feet. He
+then discovered that he was about six inches taller than his captor
+and certainly much heavier. When they got out on the duck-boards, the
+prisoner suddenly looked down and allowed his gaze to rest on the
+boards at his feet. The German's curiosity was aroused, and he fell
+into the trap set for him. He made the fatal mistake of allowing his
+gaze to be diverted from the prisoner to the duck-boards. By a quick
+movement the prisoner possessed himself of his captor's rifle. One
+blow from a tightly-clenched fist sufficed to lay him his length along
+the boards, and the next moment the would-be captor was breathing his
+last with his own bayonet through his chest, and the Australian was
+heard to remark, 'I'll teach the blighter to waken me from my sleep.'
+
+
+HEROISM UNEXCELLED.
+
+It would be invidious to single out one for special mention from the
+great army of brave men who have upheld the traditions of the Empire
+on the field of battle. Without mentioning the name of the hero the
+following incident is cited as illustrative of many which speak
+eloquently of the bravery of our 'boys.' Our lines were being
+furiously shelled, and a member of a certain battalion was severely
+wounded. Assisted by another stretcher-bearer, the hero of this
+incident endeavoured to convey the wounded man to the A.D.S. The
+trench along which they were walking was blown in, making it necessary
+to carry the injured man 'over the top.' This was done in full view of
+the enemy. While so engaged a 'Minnie' was observed coming over, and
+warning was given for all to get under cover. All did except
+Private ----, who, actuated by an impulse to protect a fallen comrade,
+and without thought for his own safety, immediately threw himself upon
+the wounded man to protect him. For this gallant act he was awarded
+the Military Medal.
+
+A couple of months later this same person was in the trenches when a
+British 'plane was compelled to land in a very exposed and
+shell-swept area. Both occupants of the machine rushed for the
+trenches. The observer reached a place of safety, but the pilot, who
+was wounded, fell exhausted. Without thought of personal safety, and
+despite the fact that the Germans were shelling the machine, the
+stretcher-bearer climbed 'over the top,' in full view of the enemy,
+and carried the wounded pilot to a shell-hole, where he rendered
+first-aid and then brought the injured man to the safety of our
+trenches. For this further act of bravery he was awarded a bar to his
+M.M.
+
+
+'WE WERE PALS.'
+
+A man came to the D.B.O. just after a certain engagement in connexion
+with which the Australians did splendid work. They secured a great
+victory. They got to their objectives on time and took quite a large
+number of prisoners. Every victory has its price, and it was
+concerning part of the price of victory that the young man had made
+the visit. He told of his pal, a D.C.M. man, who had been killed,
+whose body was lying out on the ridge. He wished to know whether
+arrangements could be made for the body to be brought down to a back
+area cemetery for burial. Whenever practicable such is done. The
+D.B.O. made inquiries, and learned that no transport was available.
+The roads were in a frightful condition, and in view of the incessant
+enemy shelling of the area, decided that the body would have to be
+buried in the vicinity of where it had fallen. Arrangements were made
+for the man to return on the morrow for the purpose of acting as guide
+to the Padre who would conduct the service. Next day, he came to the
+Burials Officer. Surprise was evinced at the change in his appearance.
+His uniform was covered with mud and wet through, and he seemed to be
+quite exhausted. 'I have come about the burial, sir,' he said. 'Could
+it be fixed up for this afternoon, I have brought the body down?' Upon
+making inquiries as to how he had managed it, he replied that he and
+another had asked permission to go out and bring the body in. It
+meant a carry over broken ground of about five miles, under heavy
+shell fire most of the distance; but these faithful comrades gladly
+endured the hardship and braved the dangers to ensure the burial of
+their deceased mate in a cemetery which is one of the few that has not
+been disturbed by the bursting shell. Thinking that the deceased was a
+near relative of this brave lad, the question was asked. His eyes
+filled with tears as he replied: 'No, sir; we were pals.' Such an
+incident will surely suffice to erase from the mind the false
+impression, which, unfortunately a few seem to have gathered, that the
+Australian is devoid of sentiment.
+
+
+
+
+SUNDAY, 'SOMEWHERE IN FRANCE'
+
+
+The question that leaps to the lips in connexion with the title of
+this chapter is, Why should the events associated with this particular
+day be recorded? Are they different from what takes place on any or
+all of the other days of the week--something special which clearly
+denotes that one week has ended and another week begun? Is there a
+temporary cessation of hostilities, during which bells are rung and
+men may be seen wending their way to some established building for
+worship, or does that indefinable stillness peculiar to the first day
+of the week in peaceful places pervade all life?
+
+Apart from the interest and curiosity that many attach thereto, there
+is no significance in the selection of the day, and there is little if
+anything associated with the events of Sunday at the Front to
+distinguish it from any other day. Yet it is strange that though men
+may frequently confuse the days between Monday and Saturday, they
+instinctively seem to know when Sunday has come. Whether by chance or
+convenience, I know not, some of the biggest 'stunts' have been
+initiated on the Lord's Day. At times the voice of the Padre was
+scarcely heard above the din and noise of heavy guns as they
+dispatched their projectiles of destruction and death over the place
+in which a church parade was being conducted. The recollection of
+certain events and experiences of some Sundays will undoubtedly tend
+to make many a man more thoughtful and analytic than the events or
+experiences entered into on any other day during his active service
+career.
+
+The disposition of an army is not affected by certain days, but by
+developments within the area of operations. If Sunday should be
+considered the opportune time for putting over a barrage, making a
+raid on the enemy lines, or effecting an advance, no thought of the
+sacred associations of that day is given serious consideration. The
+system in vogue provides for units when not in the line to be in
+reserve or resting. Such units supply working and carrying parties; so
+that the number of men available for church services on Sunday is no
+greater than on ordinary days. The war proceeds. Man may worship when
+opportunity permits.
+
+A summary of the events of one Sunday will suffice to convey an idea
+of how almost every Sunday is spent at the Front. The weather is
+seasonable: over the country a dense mist hangs low in the early morn.
+The sun rises, and the mist flees before it, revealing the face of the
+earth covered with snow, mud, or in the tight grip of 'Jack Frost.'
+Aeroplanes glide gracefully overhead. They are out for observation
+purposes, or to prevent the approach of enemy craft. The artillery,
+ever alert both day and night, sends out its missiles of death far
+into the enemy's lines. The enemy guns reply, and thus it might
+continue through the day. Shells are ugly killers and wounders; but
+for them there would be little of the slaughter-yard suggestion
+about a modern battlefield, with its improved system of well-built and
+cleanly kept trenches and its clean puncturing bayonet thrust or rifle
+bullet. While the shells shriek and whirr through the air, heaps of
+humanity are distributed about the trenches, in the dug-outs, or in
+the reserve lines. The men sit or lie about for the most part, as
+unconcerned as if on holiday bent. The order to 'stand to' would bring
+them to their appointed places, from whence they would resist an
+invasion of their lines by the enemy, or launch an attack, make a
+raid, or go forth on patrol of 'no man's land.'
+
+[Illustration: The Ostrich.]
+
+Back from the lines units are resting or engaged on the lines of
+communication; from such units men are available for church parades.
+Men of different units and of different theological views come
+together in one place and worship God. Buildings are not always
+available for parade services. Sometimes they are held in the open
+field, in farm-yards, or in billets; frequently in tents provided by
+the Y.M.C.A. Attendance at these services is purely voluntary, and a
+large proportion of men attend whenever opportunity offers. While the
+service is in progress the war goes on. The men in the trenches catch
+the strains of band music, and there is carried over the distance
+intervening the sound of the singing of old familiar hymns. It is a
+privilege to speak to these men who have been in the shell-swept
+trenches, who have participated in raids, who have taken part in one
+of the most successful battles of the war, who have seen suffering and
+even looked into the face of death.
+
+Several parades might be held during the day at hours convenient to
+those who wish to attend, and in the evening a song-service is
+conducted, when the men choose the hymns which they would sing. They
+are reverent in attitude, earnest in attention.
+
+Sundays are no different from other days of the week. They merely
+mark, as do other days, the passing of time, which will bring either
+grief or gladness to those who watch and wait for the day of peace,
+and to us who war a victory crowned with honour. There is no
+_Sun_-day. The thick, dark cloud of war hides the sun's bright face,
+but there is hope in the thought that Sun-day is prophetic as well as
+historic, and insistently in its recurrence directs us to wait
+patiently for the cloud-bursts out of which shall emerge the Sun of
+Righteousness, who will proclaim such time to be the Day of the Lord.
+
+    For, lo, the days are hastening on
+      By prophet bard foretold,
+    When with the ever circling years
+      Comes round the age of gold.
+    When peace shall over all the earth
+      Its ancient splendours fling,
+    And all the world take up the song
+      Which angels once did sing:
+
+      'Glory to God in the highest, on earth
+    peace, goodwill toward men.'
+
+
+
+
+SOLDIERS' SUPERSTITIONS
+
+
+With the advent of Christmas, arrangements were effected by which
+officers whose work necessitated their being temporarily separated
+from the unit could come together for the purpose of observing the
+special season in the established epicurean style. Every effort was
+made to make the day as distinct from other days as circumstances
+would allow. Donations from the officers and small contributions from
+the men enabled those who had the matter in hand to provide the
+customary Christmas dinner. Though it was not served up on tables,
+spread with linen, and the usual impedimenta of the banqueting-table,
+it was greatly appreciated, and afforded a rare opportunity for
+reunion. Fresh friendships were formed, acquaintances renewed,
+brothers and relatives met after months of separation. Toasts were
+honoured and carols or hymns appropriate to the season were sung. A
+great deal had been heard or read about our troops fraternizing with
+the enemy during the Christmas seasons of the previous years of the
+war, but there was none of that during the Christmas of 1916. There
+was no cessation of hostilities. The lines were held with the same
+keenness, and there was considerable aerial and artillery activity
+throughout the day and night. In fact, Christmas 'Somewhere in France'
+was born to the accompaniment of the boom of guns and the whirr of
+aeroplanes. The weather conditions were decidedly inclement, and,
+despite the good wishes from friends in the Homeland, it was difficult
+to keep warm.
+
+At the back of the lines, in a certain battalion's H.Q. billets, a
+number of officers had assembled. They had come together by invitation
+to participate in a reunion dinner. Everything had been done to make
+it a meal worthy of the occasion. Great taste had been displayed in
+decorating the table, and the cooks excelled themselves in the
+quality of the food served. We seated ourselves immediately 'Grace'
+was said, when somebody remarked that there were thirteen only, and
+suggested that another be asked in to make fourteen. Little notice was
+taken of the remark until the same officer ventured to predict that
+one of them would 'go out' before the year ended. He was teased with
+being unduly superstitious and attaching too much significance to the
+supposed unluckiness of the number thirteen. His mind was evidently
+depressed with the impression which he had gathered, and there was not
+lacking evidence that the gathering ceased to interest him further.
+
+[Illustration: Despite the good wishes from friends in the Homeland,
+it was difficult to keep warm.]
+
+Exactly a week passed, and another such reunion had been arranged for
+the purpose of celebrating the passing of the old year and the
+ushering in of the new. Several jocularly remarked that for G----'s
+sake we should arrange to have more or less than thirteen present.
+Late on the afternoon of the last day of the year, advice was received
+at B.Q.H. that Lieut. G---- had been killed. He had gone down to the
+trenches to inspect some work which was being done by his platoon, and
+was on the point of returning when an enemy shell burst and a shrapnel
+bullet went through his heart. This sad event recalled to us his words
+at the gathering on Christmas night. His prediction that one would be
+missing ere the year ended was fulfilled, and he was the one called
+hence. Arrangements for the evening function were cancelled, and the
+next day his remains were interred in the military cemetery, and the
+grave is now marked by a beautiful cross made by a member of his
+platoon and inscribed by his O.C. He was a fine fellow, full of fun
+and life, a true comrade, an ideal officer, beloved by all who knew
+him.
+
+The following pathetic incident speaks of the attachment which springs
+up between officers and men, and incidentally testifies to the high
+esteem in which our late comrade was held by one who had exceptional
+opportunities for knowing him. Duty took me to the cemetery a few
+days after the burial, and I noticed standing at the graveside with
+uncovered and bowed head a soldier of the battalion. I could see that
+the lad was deeply affected, and inquired as to whether he had known
+Lieut. G----. 'Yes sir,' he replied; 'I was his orderly; and--I miss
+him so much.'
+
+Superstitions play a large part in the life of the average soldier,
+and frequently gain the ascendancy over common sense. Though rather
+reticent about expressing his religious views, he is in many respects
+intensely religious. He may admit being superstitious and even boast
+about it, or declare himself to be a fatalist. Fatalism in the
+vocabulary of the soldier is just another name for Providence.
+
+Few, if any, are afraid of death. They seldom give it a thought. The
+general belief is that if a man's 'time' has come, nothing can
+possibly avert it. Under this impression he goes into battle or takes
+up his position in the lines. He consistently refuses, however, to be
+a party to anything which is considered at all likely to
+precipitate the end. For instance, no amount of persuasion would
+induce him to be one of three to receive a light for his cigarette or
+pipe from the same match, and owing to the strange coincidences in
+connexion with the number thirteen, he is prepared to deny himself
+much.
+
+[Illustration: A silent tribute to the brave.]
+
+While soldiers are ever ready to avail themselves of every possible
+comfort when in the trenches, they hesitate to make use of a field
+service stretcher. They prefer to make their bed on the ground, under
+the impression that if they were to lie on stretchers in the trenches
+they would be carried out from the trenches on stretchers. One of a
+draft of reinforcements was attached to a platoon which had been
+detailed to proceed to the lines. On arrival, this man, despite many
+warnings from the others, took possession of a stretcher and used it
+as a bed. About eleven o'clock the following morning, the same
+stretcher was used to carry him back to the R.A.P. While working in
+the lines he was seriously wounded by a piece of shrapnel. It is
+hardly necessary to state that this man was completely won over to the
+belief which only the previous evening he had laughed at.
+
+At the head of a trench in the vicinity of Ploegsteert a rusted
+revolver which had been found by a working party was suspended from a
+short pole. It caught the eye of all who passed by on their way up the
+lines. Nearly every man was seen to touch that useless weapon. Upon
+making enquiries it was ascertained that a superstition had grown up
+round that revolver. It was supposed to possess a certain charm, and
+the men who merely touched it on their way into the line would be
+protected from all danger. Certainly many incidents occurred which
+tended to support the belief that the mud covered rusted revolver
+possessed all the remarkable miraculous powers attributed to it.
+
+In course of conversation with a soldier, I questioned the
+advisability of his proceeding to the trenches. 'Oh,' he declared, 'it
+is all right; no matter where I may be, if a shell has my number on
+it, I will have to take delivery, whether I like it or not.' While
+working in the lines a few days later a shell penetrated the parapet
+and buried its nose in the clay at the edge of the duck-boards.
+Allowing sufficient time to elapse to ascertain whether it was 'alive'
+(it proved to be a 'dud') he then examined the base of the shell, and
+was astonished to read thereon his regimental number.
+
+Such coincidences tend to strengthen the superstitious tendencies of
+the soldier, and the effect upon most minds is to lead them to believe
+that a man's death or deliverance is absolutely due to Fate, which is
+just another way of saying, 'There's a Divinity which shapes our ends,
+rough hew them as we may.'
+
+[Illustration: TO THE WIDOWS OF FRANCE]
+
+
+
+
+ON THE EVE OF BATTLE
+
+TO THE WIDOWS OF FRANCE
+
+
+    Eyes that have rained tears, lips that have trembled,
+      Twitching convulsively, torn with their grief.
+    Now face us bravely with pride undissembled,
+      Glad to have suffered to show their belief.
+
+    Troop upon troop of them, some walking singly,
+      Weaker ones plodding in pairs for support;
+    Mates to the spirits of men who were kingly,
+      Coming from Matins with old men's escort.
+
+    Ask them, ye watchers, inquire their elation,
+      Tell them ye wonder they bear them so brave.
+    Proudly they'll answer, 'La belle France, our nation,
+      Requires us to suffer, our country to save.'
+
+    To save from the maw of the great avaricious,
+      The cold scheming brain of a commerce run mad--
+    A commerce all-grasping and sordid and vicious;
+      For this are we martyred, for this are we glad.
+
+    Then the soul of the Springtime, the great resurrection,
+      Shines bright in their faces, they wave to the car,
+    Packed tight with our comrades, a cheery collection,
+      As we dash thro' the streets to the trenches afar.
+
+    And France comes to meet us, to cheer us and greet us,
+      As we race past the fields to the woods brightly green,
+    Whose young leaves half rustle with a great show of bustle
+      When we halt at the fairest of spots ever seen.[1]
+
+    Where the old kings of history, now shrouded in myst'ry,
+      Once hunted the boar, or the feather, or fur.
+    But we feel this is over as we wade thro' the clover,
+      No tyrant again in this great wood shall stir.
+
+    For France now demands it; however she stands it,
+      However those brave ones in thousands can smile,
+    Requires some explaining, so cease all complaining,
+      And come on and battle and make it worth while.
+
+    Yes! on to the thunder, tho' it's a blunder,
+      On to the swish and the whine and the roar;
+    With the memoried face of one you called 'treasure,'
+      Above and around and ever before.
+
+    Oh! thou in that homeland so wistfully waiting,
+      Watching and wearing your worries or woe,
+    So proudly triumphant, consider such women;
+      Work for them, pray for them, smile as you go.
+
+    For into the furnace they've thrown all their 'treasures,'
+      Knowing that out of the vibrating whole,
+    Quiveringly molten, pulsating, gleaming,
+      Europe shall find her immaculate soul--
+
+    Soul of the suff'ring, bleeding and dying,
+      Soul of a freedom unselfish and clean,
+    Loving the light of a love all around us,
+      Scorning the actions of men who are mean.
+
+    Oh! men who were kingly, mated to martyrs
+      (Silently, cheerfully, plodding along),
+    Send all ye can of such great souls to help us,
+      Make us and keep us triumphant and strong.
+
+    G.P. CUTTRISS and J.W. HOOD.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[1] Ploegsteert.
+
+
+
+
+'OVER THE TOP.'
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+From the time of our arrival in France until a week or two prior to
+the battle of Messines, general dissatisfaction was expressed by the
+troops because of the seeming slow progress that was being made. The
+men soon tired of the uneventful trench warfare. They were eager to go
+'over the top.' Defensive operations did not appeal to them; they were
+impatient to assume the offensive. To put it in their own language,
+they had enlisted not to dig trenches or repair roads, but to fight
+the Hun. Certainly the monotony was relieved by an occasional raid,
+for which work they earned for the Division a splendid reputation.
+The area which the Division occupied was known throughout France as
+the 'Nursery,' where men, new to the modern mode of waging war, had
+opportunity for gaining experience and getting accustomed to shell and
+machine-gun fire under comparatively safe conditions.
+
+During this period of 'marking time' the men were engaged both day and
+night on works of importance, without which an offensive would have
+meant sheer suicide. The elaborate preparations that were being made
+denoted that a big 'push' was contemplated. In connexion with this
+work, the pioneers and the engineers did magnificently.
+
+Everything was arranged according to well-conceived plans, and the
+preliminaries to an unprecedented offensive were completed by June 6.
+Guns of different calibre were massed at points of vantage, cleverly
+camouflaged to conceal them from enemy observation. Dumps were replete
+with the necessary supplies of ammunition, and scrupulous regard was
+paid to arrangements for keeping the lines of communication clear.
+Provision was made for the treatment of wounded and their evacuation,
+and for the burial of the killed. Refreshment stalls were established
+at convenient points, where the attacking troops and the wounded could
+receive hot coffee and biscuits. Nothing that could be done for the
+comfort of the men and to ensure the success of the venture was
+overlooked.
+
+Only those who are actually at the Front have any conception of the
+amount of work involved in assuming the aggressive. The staff
+responsible for perfecting the organization are deserving of the
+highest praise. There had been numerous rumours in connexion with
+mines. The air was electric, the men were confident, and all were
+determined to do their level best to uphold the splendid traditions
+bequeathed by older Australian units.
+
+During the night preceding the dawn of June 6 the troops who were to
+take part in the attack marched to their respective assembling
+points. The march was uneventful up to a certain stage, after which
+large clouds of gas were encountered, which rendered necessary the
+wearing of respirators. Despite the sickly sensation produced by the
+inhalation of gas, the troops advanced. There is much to be written of
+the latter part of the approach march, but that will be recorded by
+others. It is sufficient to state that certain unforeseen events
+threatened to seriously disorganize things, but these were overcome as
+they were met with.
+
+Almost simultaneously with the first faint streak of the dawn of June
+7 the mines at Hill 60 and St. Yves were exploded. The sight was
+awe-inspiring, and the ground trembled as if in the throes of an
+agonizing palsy. On the tick of the appointed time our 'boys' went
+'over the top.' It was for this experience that they had worked and
+waited. They advanced immediately behind the barrage so consistently
+sustained by the artillery, and in the face of a terrific fusilade of
+machine-gun fire which seemed to leap upon them from almost every
+angle. Some of the enemy machine-guns were captured by our troops, who
+used them with deadly effect upon the then retiring foe. All the
+objectives were obtained with clock-like precision. Again and again
+the victorious troops were subjected to withering counter-attacks, and
+shells fell around them like hail. There was no faltering. They held
+the recovered ground in the face of a merciless tornado of steel and
+bullets.
+
+As the infantry advanced, the pioneers and engineers followed, digging
+trenches, extending tramways, and keeping the lines of communication
+clear. No pen, however facile, could give the true lines to the
+picture. Ordinary language is inadequate to express all that was
+achieved, seen, and felt. The men did splendidly. The respective work
+of the several services was perfectly co-ordinated, so much so that
+after the 'stunt' it seemed as if a mutual admiration society had been
+spontaneously organized. The infantry congratulated the Flying Corps,
+the Flying Corps complimented the Artillery, and both Artillery and
+Flying Corps were loud in their praise of the dauntless Infantry. All
+did their part, and the taking of Messines will probably be chronicled
+as one of the greatest, if not the greatest, of battles in connexion
+with this world-war.
+
+Prior to this engagement the Third Division had experienced but a
+sprinkling of fire, but during its progress it received its baptism,
+and emerged from the battle with a reputation of which any unit might
+be proud. It was a stupendous task, a severe test for the 'baby'
+Division, but every man rose to the occasion. The wounded were
+cheerful, the dead died gloriously, and those of us who are alive and
+remain are proud to have had some part in such an important and
+eminently successful undertaking.
+
+There were many acts of heroism, some of which have been officially
+recognized. The Australians have the utmost contempt for the enemy as
+fighting men. They declare that if the artillery and air-craft were
+eliminated they would be prepared to give the enemy the benefit of
+odds in hand-to-hand fighting.
+
+One instance will suffice to illustrate their indomitable spirit.
+While the 'push' was in progress, a man who, in his own words, had
+'stopped one,' was carried to an R.A.P. His wounds were numerous and
+rather serious. Two fingers of the left hand had been blown off, his
+right arm was shattered, his head and neck were much cut about, and
+blood oozed from wounds on his chest. This man had got a 'Blighty,'
+but he did not appear to be at all pleased. It should be stated that
+the men who receive wounds sufficiently serious to warrant their being
+sent to hospitals in England are considered, and consider themselves,
+very fortunate. He was disappointed because he was wounded, not that
+he complained about his disfigurement or the pain. I expressed my
+sympathy and wished him a speedy recovery and a happy time in
+'Blighty,' and suggested that possibly there would be no need for him
+to return, for the Hun might soon be driven out from Belgium. He eyed
+me unflinchingly, and endeavoured to raise himself on his uninjured
+elbow, and then blurted out, 'It is just as well for the ---- Huns
+that I got wounded.' These were not the exact words he used. There
+were many accompanying adjectives, without which the vocabulary of the
+Australian would be very limited indeed. This big-hearted,
+whole-souled, hefty 'Westralian' seemed to think that the issue to
+that particular 'push' depended absolutely upon him.
+
+The men of the Third Division have now had the experience which many
+had longed for. Going 'over the top' was not quite so romantic as
+fancy had pictured it to be, and the experience which is common to all
+who take part in it for the first time defies expression. A peculiar
+sensation creeps annoyingly slowly along the spinal column, subtly
+affecting every member of the body. There's a gripping of the heart
+and a numbing of the brain, and the tongue persistently cleaves to the
+roof of the mouth, which seems as dry as powdered chalk. A choking
+sensation accompanies every effort to cough. You may be in the
+stepping-off trench or lying face-down on the churned-up mud out on
+'no man's land,' waiting for the signal to 'go.' The seconds tick
+slowly by, the minutes are leaden-footed in their passing, and seem
+like eternities. The eyes are almost blinded through the strain of
+peering into darkness, the imagination runs riot, grotesque shapes are
+conjured into view, only to be dissipated by a solitary flare or a
+series of gun-flashes. The fact that it is raining and you are lying
+in a gradually deepening pool of water occasions no concern. What
+matters most is that your puttees are frayed or your boots in need of
+repair, but you console yourself with the thought that after the
+'stunt' it will be easy to get a new outfit, and maybe you commence to
+make plans as to how you will spend your leave. You appear to be quite
+oblivious to the fact that the next moment may be your last.
+
+Ages roll by; suddenly you are conscious of somebody by your side; you
+make an attempt to smile, when at the same instant the ground trembles
+as if in the throes of a tremendous earthquake; flash after flash in
+quick succession; the air vibrates with noises that deafen; hundreds
+of shells hurtle overhead. 'That's 'er,' shouts the man by your side.
+You are pleased that something has happened to divert your mind from
+its morbid fancyings. This is the 'Dinkum.' The electrical effect upon
+your mind and body is wonderful. You break from the shackles that fear
+and fancy have thrown round you. The reports of terrific explosions
+rend the air, you grip frantically at the soft mud to prevent yourself
+being hurled through space. Somebody from somewhere makes a sign, and
+in a moment you are erect and speeding in the direction of the enemy
+lines. There is but one thought in the mind as you allow your hand to
+tighten round your rifle--to gain your objective. Heaven help the Hun
+who attempts to frustrate you. 'Hurrah!' The wire has been smashed to
+smithereens, and in less time than it takes to describe you are 'over
+the top'--close up to the enemy line. You stumble forward, onward,
+without noticing the broken nature of the ground. The sight of the
+enemy rushing towards you with hands well above their heads, shouting
+'Kamerad,' or fleeing before your advance, excites greater enthusiasm.
+
+You begin to notice other things. Possibly the first thing that dawns
+upon your mind is that others are taking part in the business--that
+you are not alone. Then you notice the effect of our shell-fire; this
+inspires greater confidence, and involuntarily you thank heaven for
+such splendid artillery. Then you notice little heaps clad in familiar
+khaki--they are what remain of comrades who have sealed their love of
+country with their blood. You observe others wandering aimlessly
+about, suffering from shell-shock; or the gallant stretcher-bearers,
+regardless of all danger, attending to the wounded and carrying them
+back for treatment. The sight does not grieve or shock you--only
+surprise is evinced by a change in facial expression. You just carry
+on--the shock and grief will come later. You just grit your teeth and
+take a fresh grip of your rifle and go forward with greater
+determination to strike a blow in the cause of freedom and honour.
+Maybe you reach your objective, your clothes sodden with sticky,
+clammy mud and possibly the red of your own blood showing through.
+
+The whole thing has been like some dream of adventure with wild
+beasts; but there is firmly embedded in your consciousness the
+knowledge that you have done the job. Other waves of men pass through
+the line which you have wrested from the Hun; you cheer them as they
+pass, and then dig in for all you are worth.
+
+A few days later there appears in the daily papers, under the heading
+of 'British Official,' that the troops penetrated the enemy's lines to
+such and such a depth, and have bravely withstood several terrific
+counter-attacks; and war correspondents will cable the news to our
+waiting people of the Homeland that the 'boys' magnificently stormed
+and won additional fame; but if you want it in the every-day language
+of the man from 'down under,' he merely went 'over the top.'
+
+After the rush there is no time for rest. The recovered ground must be
+retained. New positions have to be consolidated, fresh gun positions
+have to be constructed. The lines must be made habitable. The dead
+have to be buried. The efficient and expeditious manner in which this
+work was accomplished established the Third Division's right to full
+participation in the honour and glory of the taking and holding of
+Messines by the Second Anzacs.
+
+
+
+
+SHELLS: A FEW SMILES AND A CONTRAST
+
+
+When the guns begin to speak, and shells are hurtling through the air,
+places of shelter are resorted to. These places are not always
+shell-proof, but they serve as a protection against splinters. There
+are few places that would withstand the effects of a direct hit by a
+heavy shell, but one feels perfectly safe with even a sheet of iron
+overhead. The effects of an explosion are very local, and the chances
+of a direct hit are very remote. The first law of nature takes
+precedence during a bombardment. Precaution is esteemed to be much
+better than a blanket and burial.
+
+In and about the towns at the back of the lines where the troops are
+billeted there are a sprinkling of civilians. When these places are
+being shelled they display no fear. Occasionally elderly people will
+cover their heads with their hands and seek shelter in the cellars,
+while the soldier, ostrich-like, is quite contented provided he has
+some protection for his head, but the majority continue with their
+work as in normal times. When the civilians were questioned as to
+whether they were afraid of the enemy breaking through and carrying
+them off or killing them, they would confidently reply, 'Oh, no!
+British between.' They feel perfectly safe, knowing that the British
+are between them and the Hun.
+
+Many of them have good reason to remember the time when the enemy were
+in occupation of the town. In some instances the Germans have been
+highly spoken of. I give credence to every good report. Personally, we
+bear them no ill-will. We detest the system which has made them what
+they are, and we are here to crush it, and sincerely hope that the men
+of the German race who, however, mistaken, are ready to lay down their
+lives for their country, may emerge from this war and be re-made on
+the anvil of defeat, and in the days to be redeem to honour the name
+which to-day is the synonym for all that is brutal and abhorrent.
+
+That all of them are not filled with implacable hatred towards the
+British is evidenced in the following incident. We attempted to raid
+the enemy trenches. The weather was bitterly cold and the night was
+dark. Our artillery put over a heavy barrage, after which the raiding
+party went forth; they crept forward over the muddy ground, and
+entered the German lines. Several casualties were sustained during the
+operations. When our men returned to their trenches, it was discovered
+that one of the raiding party was missing. When the noise of the
+counter-barrage had died down, a cry for help was distinctly heard by
+our front line troops. It came from 'no man's land.' A couple of
+stretcher-bearers and two men went out in search of the one in
+distress. While groping about amongst the wire in the darkness, they
+heard the Germans assuring the man for whom they were searching that
+he would be all right. Suddenly the enemy turned a trench searchlight
+on to 'no man's land,' and by this light the search party were guided
+to their wounded comrade. The light was kept on him until he was
+rescued, and was then used to guide the party back to their own lines.
+During this time no shot was fired. This was a humane action indeed.
+
+All the Huns, however, are not so humanely disposed. In connexion with
+another raid on the enemy trenches, our men met with violent
+opposition, but succeeded in obtaining their objective. When
+returning, a few of the party were wounded--one very seriously. He was
+unable to make his way back. The Germans got him, stripped him of his
+uniform, and left him against the wire. The weather being intensely
+cold, the man soon died from exposure. These two incidents illustrate
+the two extremes in the attitude of the Huns towards the British. One
+was a brutal act of hatred, the other a humane act, which commends
+itself to both friend and foe.
+
+[Illustration: To see ourselves as others see us.]
+
+The Germans have been credited with almost every conceivable
+atrocity that man is capable of perpetrating. Whether these
+brutalities are perpetrated with the sanction of the German
+authorities, or are merely the expression of individual hatred, one is
+not prepared to state. We have ceased to be angry with or alarmed at
+their tactics of intimidation. We interpret every act of frightfulness
+as evidence of desperate conditions. The only effect that such
+devilish methods have upon the men in the lines is to make them more
+determined to crush the mad and murderous spirit of militarism which
+holds the Hun in its merciless grip.
+
+During ordinary trench warfare the enemy appears to concentrate his
+artillery fire on to the towns and villages at the back of our lines.
+Villages have been practically eliminated and large towns reduced to a
+heap of ruins. The destruction of these places is of no military
+consequence. It is pure vandalism.
+
+Bairnsfather's sketches portraying the humour and coolness that such
+critical conditions create are in no particular exaggerated. A
+certain building, prominently situated in a fairly large town, within
+easy range of the enemy guns, was being used as B.H.Qs. It afforded
+accommodation for about twelve officers and as many other ranks. The
+outskirts of the town had been subjected to severe shelling during the
+day. Towards evening the shelling ceased, but commenced again about
+midnight; on this occasion the shells were directed more to the centre
+of the town. Pieces of iron and a hail of shrapnel descended upon the
+roof of our billet. All were awakened by the noise. From different
+parts of the building the same query was advanced: 'Are you all
+right?' Then a hurried conference was held, and the C.O. decided that
+discretion was the better part of valour. With the aid of electric
+torches we collected our blankets, etc., and descended to the cellar.
+Everybody was cheerful. The report of the guns somewhere along the
+enemy's lines was heard distinctly, and we would wait for the swish of
+the shells as they hurtled through the air. Almost simultaneously
+with the swish would come the crash followed by the sound of breaking
+glass and falling bricks, and involuntarily we exclaimed in chorus,
+'Another one in.' We thought of the poor devils who may have been in
+the vicinity where the shell exploded, and various expressions of
+sympathy escaped from our lips. Almost immediately on reaching the
+cellar, there was a terrific explosion, and one of the chimneys of the
+building crashed into the cellar. Gradually we lost interest and
+became almost indifferent to what was going on. One by one we repaired
+to our improvised beds on the floor. Sometimes one would have
+difficulty in wooing the goddess of sleep, and his persistency in
+asking questions was exceeded only by the annoyance experienced by
+those to whom the questions were addressed. The usual question of the
+sleepless individual is 'Where did that one land?' and the answer with
+some accompanying adjectives is invariably, 'I am more concerned about
+where the next one will land.'
+
+[Illustration: With the aid of electric torches ... we descended to
+the cellar.]
+
+The enemy generally commences shelling these places at the close of
+day, and the men have described these operations as 'The Hun's evening
+hate.' On one occasion a certain village was being strafed. Several
+men of a certain battalion were on the road at the time. They quickly
+availed themselves of the shelter of a cellar. The building was hit
+several times. Shortly after the bombardment commenced a man leading a
+mule was observed, coming along the road. He was invited to take
+shelter in the cellar. The invitation was accepted with alacrity. The
+mule was tethered to the window-sill, and the man was soon in their
+midst. Shells continued to burst overhead and round about. The
+newcomer proved to be a blessing. He soon had the men laughing despite
+the noise and danger. When a shell burst in close proximity to the
+building, he evinced great concern for the safety of his mule. 'My
+poor old "donk,"' he would exclaim; 'there goes his tail.' Another
+burst: 'There goes his hind-quarters.' It seemed impossible for the
+mule to escape injury or death. Turning to his companions he
+declared that he would carry part of that mule back. If his head were
+left intact he would gather the harness and wrap it round the head and
+carry it back to the lines, and if the O.C. transport asked where the
+'donk' was, he would say, 'Shot from under me, sir.' Suddenly the
+shelling ceased, and they emerged from their shelter. The mule's
+master was the first outside. He fully expected to see but a
+blood-stain on the spot where he had left the beast, but to his great
+surprise and satisfaction he saw the mule serenely nibbling at the
+grass growing alongside the building. The old 'donk' had not sustained
+an injury. To say that he was proud to lead a whole mule back to his
+quarters instead of having to carry only its head, is an altogether
+inadequate way of describing his actual feelings.
+
+[Illustration: 'Did you hear that one, Bill?']
+
+'Did you hear that one, Bill?' asked one man of another who had come
+along the shell-swept road rather hurriedly.
+
+'Yes,' replied the nearly exhausted man, 'I heard it twice; once when
+it passed me, and again when I passed it.'
+
+
+
+
+MESSINES
+
+JUNE 7, 1917
+
+
+    A shell-struck souvenir of hellish war,
+      A monument of man's stupendous hate!
+    Can this have been a Paradise before,
+      Now up-blown, blasted, drear and desolate?
+    Aye, once with smiling and contented face
+    She reigned a queen above a charming place.
+
+    But soon the sport of leaders and of kings
+      Transformed her to a resting-place for guns,
+    Rude scars across her breasts the worker flings,
+      To shelter countless hordes of hell-born Huns,
+    The while, upon the next opposing crest,
+    Our men died gamely as they did their best.
+
+    And thus for years, with cold, relentless zeal,
+      With fiendish science both sides fought and watched,
+    From loop-holes or from clouds which half conceal,
+      Or in deep tunnels all their skill was matched.
+    On sentry in the firebay, or the hov'ring 'plane,
+    Mining and countermining yet again.
+
+    And far behind such scenes, great engineers
+      Pondered o'er problems without parallel.
+    And planned with wisdom of a thousand years,
+      To blow the other to eternal Hell.
+    Their calculations left no callous scheme untried,
+    To slaughter hundreds of the other side.
+
+    But hush! the whole machinery's complete,
+      All plans are folded and the great work's done,
+    The work of building up to cause defeat--
+      The lever's pulled, and, lo! a new work has begun.
+    The task of falling on a shattered foe,
+    And doing things undreamed-of years ago.
+
+    Hush! hark! A mighty rumbling roar breaks thro',
+     And see! Her crest-line leaps into a flame,
+    The foul disease within her bowels she blew
+      High into the air to rid her of her shame;
+    In one huge vomit she now flings her filth,
+    Far o'er the country in a powdered 'tilth.'
+
+    And so the vassals of a fiendish foe
+      Are scattered far and wide into a dust.
+    Those who have revelled as they wreaked red woe,
+      A shattered sample of their own blood-lust.
+    Whilst from our hill-crest and its catacomb,
+    A new life comes a-pouring from the tomb.
+
+    Eager, and burning with the zeal of youth,
+      Our Second Anzacs sprang from out the ground,
+    Bound by their mateships and their love of truth,
+      The Third Division its new soul has found;
+    Straight o'er the top amidst a hail of shell
+    To their objective which they knew so well.
+
+    On, on, thro' poison gas and rattling roar,
+      Past ulc'rous craters, blackened foul and deep,
+    These comrades 'stuck' as ne'er they had before.
+      And kept together in their rushing sweep;
+    Deafened and rattled, hung up in the wire,
+    Helping each other thro' such fearful fire.
+
+    On still until they reached the furthest goal,
+      There to dig in and hold the new-won line.
+    By linking up each torn and shattered hole--
+      By no means easy, but their grit was fine--
+    They fought and worked like demons till the dawn,
+    Harried and pestered by the 'Kaiser's spawn.'
+
+    And, baffled from his gun-pits far away,
+      Low-down, well south, an angry foe doth roar,
+    He opens out again upon another day
+      And rakes the slope with shrapnel as before.
+    But only working parties on the top are found,
+    The rest, save A.M.C., are underground.
+
+    Strange sights are seen upon that battle-ground,
+      But stranger still are unearthed from below;
+    Here many supermen may now be found,
+      Just watch those stretcher-bearers where _they_ go,
+    And see those parties bearing food and drink,
+    Past all those blizzard shells--then stand and think!
+
+    But one poor shell-crazed loon roamed far and wide;
+      Sweat-grimed, wild-eyed, and now bereft of all.
+    'Me mates? W'ere is my mates?' he plaintive cried,
+      'They's in that 'ole with ME when IT did fall.'
+    We took him to three huddled heaps near by,
+    But he roamed on as tho' he wished to die.
+
+    And as the sun's great light bursts o'er the scene,
+      _La Petit Douve_, one-time a sparkling stream,
+    Now sluggish slides, red-tinted, she has been
+      Past horrors thro' the night and _did not dream_.
+    For many days she'll, silent, strive to bear
+    Such human wreckage down a path once fair.
+
+G.P. CUTTRISS and J.W. HOOD.
+
+[Illustration: The illustrator feeling happy, yet looking 'board.']
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+BILL THE BUGLER
+
+
+I well remember when the subject of this sketch 'joined up.' He was
+small of stature, and his general appearance was by no means
+prepossessing. That he had seen a good deal of the world was very
+evident, even to the most superficial observer. His language was
+picturesque, though not profane. A few weeks sufficed to 'lick him
+into shape,' and he presented a fairly tolerable figure in uniform. At
+spinning yarns he was an adept, and at camp concerts could invariably
+be depended upon for an item or two, always of a humorous nature.
+
+Bill quickly established himself amongst the 'boys' as a general
+favourite. This enviable position he still occupies. On account of
+his duties as bugler requiring him to be one of the first up in the
+morning, and one of the last to retire at night, he sought a change of
+duty. He became a bandsman, then a stretcher-bearer, and eventually
+was detailed to assist in a cook-house--in cook-house terminology an
+'off-sider.'
+
+Though Bill had as much military experience as most of us, we could
+not think of him as a soldier. That our opinion of him was justified
+the following incident will illustrate. A party of officers, including
+a staff-major, was inspecting cooking and billeting arrangements in
+our quarters. Bill, who happened to have a couple of hours off that
+day, was strolling towards the party. He was in cook-house
+attire--tunicless, his hat well back on his head, shirt-sleeves rolled
+to the elbow, hands deep in his breeches pockets, a cigarette between
+his lips. Regardless of the critical eyes which were focused upon him,
+he sauntered leisurely towards the officers, and when in line with
+them he nodded and said 'Good-day.' The officers stopped, and one of
+them peremptorily inquired, 'Aren't you a soldier?' 'Oh, no,' he
+replied; 'I'm D Company's cook!' His reply so amused the officers that
+he was allowed to continue on his way without being reminded that as a
+soldier he was required to salute all officers.
+
+After spending a few weeks in the cook-house, he asked permission to
+go to the trenches when the battalion went into the line. The transfer
+was effected, and he made a start with real soldiering. No amount of
+discipline could transform him from the free-from-care,
+do-as-you-please individual into the polished soldier. One evening he
+was posted over the gas-alert in the front line trenches, when a shell
+exploded a few yards in front of him. The explosion caused his hat to
+disappear and the concussion projected him into a dug-out. Only the
+solidity of the wall prevented him from going further; as it was, the
+force with which he was hurled against the side of the dug-out made a
+deep impression on the damp wall. He lay in a motionless heap in the
+corner of the dug-out. A N.C.O. rushed along the duck-boards, thrust
+his head into the dug-out, and anxiously inquired of Bill as to
+whether he was hurt. Bill by this time had partially recovered from
+the shock. His small steel-grey eyes gradually opened. The N.C.O.
+again asked if he were hurt. Bill's eyes rolled, his lips moved, and
+then he blurted out, 'Oh, no, only my feelings!'
+
+Bill is not a man to make a fuss about anything. He has no time for
+red-tape in any shape or form, it is true, but whatever work is
+assigned him is always done satisfactorily. Whether he is any less a
+soldier or his efficiency as a fighting force impaired because of his
+failure to meet the rigid requirements of an exacting military
+regulation is a matter concerning which there might be a difference of
+opinion; but this at least stands to his credit: he knows no fear, is
+the life of the unit, and the battalion to which he belongs would
+sustain a distinct loss by the removal of Bugler Bill, &c.
+
+
+
+
+A TRAGEDY OF THE WAR
+
+
+    From strife they now march back to smiling farms,
+      Recoiling from the crash and smoke and roar.
+    Meadows, all verdant, faerie fields, whose charms
+      Serve for a space to make them as before.
+      And peaceful pictures of the days of yore,
+    With thrilling thoughts of those they left behind
+      Flash thro' the mental vision, and a score
+    Of letters brightly occupy the mind
+    Without a care, or woe, or doubt of any kind.
+
+    Anon they journey from this place of rest
+      By night or early dawn back to the brink
+    Of that volcanic crater where the best
+      Sit tight, scarce caring if they swim or sink.
+      Silent they bear it, as they quietly think
+    The end approaching to their life at last,
+      And face each other, with a smile or wink
+    Outwardly stoic, tho' their hearts beat fast
+    As, thumping down, great shells come racing in and past.
+
+    Erase such thoughts from out the o'er-wrought brain,
+      Think rather of this freshness, and the sight
+    Of nature in her harvest dress, refrain
+      From plunging into the eternal night.
+      Such contrasts seem the only choice by right
+    Of those who battle for the joy of life.
+      Out on this troubled spot where Armies fight,
+    And peasants labour just behind such strife
+    Shorthandedly, unhelped, save by a child or wife.
+
+    So come with me down hedgerows, down the glades,
+      And thro' the cosy glens, till far away
+    We come unto a hill-crest--lights and shades,
+      Bright coloured landscapes far below us lay,
+      Blue mists and fields of yellow corn and hay,
+    In rows like soldiers, now the tired eyes see,
+      And poplars guard the distant dim roadway,
+    Whilst near the wind sighs thro' the acorn-tree,
+    Till one feels hushed, serene, contented, almost free.
+
+    And here, tucked back behind a leafy lane,
+      Low in a pocket of some sheltered ground,
+    An unpretentious farm, so snug and plain,
+      An invitation in itself; when found,
+      Only a whining howl like dingoes' sound,
+    Reminds one that there is a war near by.
+      The tools of peace see littered here around,
+    Weapons by which men learn to live, not die:
+    A plough, a drill, and there a binder standing nigh.
+
+    '_Bon jour, m'sieurs_,' a little hunchback cries;
+      A wizened, twisted human form divine;
+    She flashed a look of welcome from her eyes,
+      From which the soul of ages seem to shine.
+      '_Entrez_,' she welcomed, and her face looked fine,
+    As proudly bustling o'er her clean stone floor
+      She bade us linger, eat, and drink her wine.
+    Refreshed with food and drink, we loiter more
+    Within such cool retreat, delaying '_Au revoir_.'
+
+    And soon the human tragedy in course
+      Of progress thro' that little home becomes
+    Clear to the senses, and to us much worse
+      Compared with our Australia's peaceful homes.
+      For, oh, the pity, as one's vision roams
+    From there to here, and back on wings again;
+      A rush of feeling and emotion comes,
+    Whilst hearing this contorted piece of pain,
+    The stirring times of all their troubled lives explain.
+
+    For she to whom Fate seemed at first unkind,
+      Now lives an angel in a higher sphere.
+    This pained and twisted cripple seemed to find
+      Pleasure in living for her kinsfolk dear.
+      Hard work an honour, in her duty clear
+    To wives of brothers in the fighting line;
+      Women and children gather round her here;
+    For round their hearts her nature did entwine,
+    Her beaming face proclaimed 'See, Anglaise, they are mine.'
+
+    And all around these chubby children play,
+      Dirty, but happy, fed and cared for well,
+    With ne'er a troubled thought the live-long day,
+      For they know little of adjacent hell.
+    The hunchback warns us we are not to tell
+      About the 'Allemagne' whilst they are nigh,
+    Since all have known him in the past too well.
+      'Let them forget it as we often try.
+      _C'est la guerre_,' she said, and quickly brushed her eye.
+
+    And then she whispers, as we loiter near,
+      The story of their young lives years ago,
+    When, snatched from cradles, with a frenzied fear,
+      Their mothers hurried on before the foe;
+    Their men defend and screen them as they go,
+      And fight a rearguard action with the brute,
+    Who cares not for their agony or woe,
+      But only for the blood-streams and the loot.
+      And now she sees us watching one poor little mute:
+      'Ah! this one?' and she pointed to the dot
+      Who sat alone, and smiled to vacant space,
+    'Waits for her mother; very hard her lot;
+      For years now has she waited in her place.
+    "Where is her mother?" I can never trace
+      Somewhere beyond across "the no man's way."
+    Some day, perhaps,' she cried, with yearning face.
+      The tiny mite, tho' happy, could not play,
+      Except with little restless hands all day.
+
+    'Sometimes the shell come here right by,' she said.
+      'The other day, when I what you call wash,
+    A big boom quickly pass above my head,
+      And fall out in the field with a big crash.
+    But, oh, those children, they so very rash,
+      They know so little of the dreadful doom.
+    I come in time to save a fearful crash,
+      And catch them with the nose-cap in this room--
+      The nose-cap, unexhausted, from the boom.'
+
+    And then we start, inclined to say farewell.
+      We try to brighten up the little maid
+    Who sits alone, perhaps in faerie dell;
+      For she doth seem not in the least afraid.
+    She, smiling, takes the pennies which we lay
+      Within her hands, tho' distant is her smile;
+    And for a space she seemed with them to play,
+      But drops them ere we're scarcely gone, awhile
+      We wander back, half dumb, hard, thinking for a mile.
+
+G.P. CUTTRISS and J.W. HOOD.
+
+[Illustration: "She, smiling, takes the pennies which we lay
+Within her hands...."]
+
+
+
+
+RECREATION BEHIND THE LINES
+
+[Illustration: The Horse Show]
+
+
+The military authorities have ever recognized the importance and value
+of recreation in connexion with the training of men. They realize that
+'all work and no play makes Tommy a dull boy'; and the provision that
+has been made for recreation and amusement for the 'boys' commands the
+deepest appreciation of both rank and file. The Australian is
+unaccustomed to the rigid restrictions of an inflexible military
+regime, and a temporary relaxation contributes much towards
+eliminating that feeling of 'fed-upness' to which he is so susceptible
+under monotonous and trying conditions, and certainly assists in
+making him a less dissatisfied soldier.
+
+The sporting instinct is so ingrained in the average Australian that
+amusement and athletics have become part and parcel of his life, and
+his efficiency as a fighting force has been increased in consequence.
+His well-knit, muscular frame, and cheerful, free-from-care
+disposition, and love for clean sport, have won for him a place in the
+estimation of those who know and understand him, which is the envy of
+many. Australia has given to the world champions in almost every
+branch of sport, and the traditions which have been established on the
+football and cricket fields and in athletic circles in years preceding
+the war are being upheld and added to by her sons 'somewhere in
+France.'
+
+A General's task is by no means an easy one. He has to safeguard
+against dissatisfaction, which invariably is the primary cause of
+breaches of discipline. He requires to be tactful in the handling of
+his command, gain the confidence of the men, and enlist their
+undivided support; yet every consideration must be subordinate to the
+supreme task of winning the war. His methods must be such as will
+exact prompt obedience and beget respect, without imposing undue
+hardships and punishment.
+
+The Third Division is exceedingly fortunate in having Major-General
+John Monash, C.B., V.D., in command. He is a popular and painstaking
+officer, a born leader, a strict disciplinarian, possessed of tireless
+energy. He has not spared himself in his efforts to establish and
+maintain a high standard of efficiency amongst all ranks. The G.O.C.
+set himself to put his men right and succeeded. He has a wonderfully
+comprehensive grip over every branch of activity, and woe betide the
+officer or man who is indifferent to or negligent of the duties
+entrusted to him. Any proposition calculated to benefit the men has
+always been favourably considered, and he has frequently been an
+interested spectator of various games that have been played just
+behind the lines. As a result there is little if any disaffection
+among the men of the Division. Major-General Monash has encouraged by
+approval and assistance various forms of recreation and entertainment.
+The splendid fighting record of the Third speaks eloquently of his
+capable leadership and the rousing and prolonged cheering which greets
+him when presiding over or addressing an assembly of his men leaves no
+doubt in the mind as to his popularity.
+
+[Illustration: Off to the Horse Show.]
+
+For a few months after our arrival in France, a cinema afforded
+nightly entertainment. It was well patronized by the troops. The
+building used had seating accommodation for about seven hundred, and
+generally long before the hour of opening a queue of soldiers would
+assemble. There was no pushing or scrambling for tickets. The
+Australian good-humouredly submitted to the queue system, and
+patiently waited his turn. Mr. Frank Beaurepeare, of swimming fame,
+successfully managed the picture show, and eventually got together a
+few vocalists and comedians, who were organized into a pierrot group.
+These men were relieved from other duties during the comparatively
+quiet periods. Eventually a couple of talented Tommies were added to
+the group, which came to be designated the Coo-ees, under the
+direction of Mr. Dixon, the capable and energetic successor to Mr.
+F.B. Beaurepeare. In addition to performing every evening, the Coo-ees
+frequently gave out-door concerts during the day or in the men's
+billets, after the evening entertainment. A nominal charge for
+admission was made, and the proceeds were used to augment the
+Divisional Funds, which are used for the benefit of the men. These
+entertainments were given within easy range of the enemy guns. On
+several occasions shells fell in the vicinity of the hall, but few
+casualties were reported.
+
+In addition to affording amusement, the Coo-ees did invaluable work
+during engagements. They either acted as stretcher-bearers or
+dispensed refreshments to the troops as they went forward to or
+returned from the trenches. They were located at dressing-stations
+or at R.A.P.'s. It is generally hoped that the party as at present
+constituted will be available after the war for the purpose of giving
+entertainments in Australia such as they gave to the tired
+war-hardened troops 'somewhere in France.'
+
+[Illustration: 'Sweet and Low' by the quartette party always brought
+forth rounds of applause.
+Costumes were procured, and the programmes submitted were highly
+creditable and greatly appreciated. The quartette party was
+exceedingly popular, and never failed to please the 'boys.']
+
+[Illustration: 'Try it a little softer.' Taff Williams, Musical
+Director]
+
+Periodically horse shows and sports were arranged by D.H.Q.
+Substantial prizes and valuable trophies were awarded the successful
+competitors. The day's proceedings would be enlivened by band music.
+Impersonations of the world's mirth maker, Charlie Chaplin, and
+Australian 'sun-downers,' were decidedly clever and afforded much
+amusement. Horse shows always attract large attendances, and any
+vehicle going in the direction of the show grounds was practically
+commandeered by the tired but interested troops. They have a
+partiality, however, for 'M.T.' lorries. For weeks prior to the event,
+men would spend every available minute polishing chains, cleaning
+harness, painting vehicles, and grooming horses. Every unit has its
+admirers and supporters, and all events were keenly contested.
+
+[Illustration: Sir Douglas Haig, G.C.B., G.C.V.O., and Sir A.J.
+Godley, K.C.B., K.C.M.G., at the 2nd Anzac Horse Show.]
+
+In addition to horse shows and sports organized by D.H.Q., the
+brigades and battalions within the Division arrange for fete days
+whenever opportunity offers. The manner in which these are carried out
+reflects the highest credit upon those responsible for their
+organization, and they have materially helped to bring about a better
+understanding between officers and men. Games appropriate to the
+season are played at the back of the lines. The ground selected for
+football or cricket may be shell-marked, and the materials used
+roughly made and incomplete. Football matches between different units
+have been as keenly contested on the muddy and broken fields of
+Belgium and France as those that have been played on the specially
+prepared grounds of the Homeland. The Australians have held their own
+against other units in both cricket and football.
+
+For those who find such games too strenuous, indoor games are provided
+by the Australian Comforts Fund, the Y.M.C.A., or the League of Loyal
+Women of Australia. A circulating library is usually connected with
+the Y.M.C.A. or Church Army huts, so that practically every taste is
+catered for. An institution is justified in its existence by what it
+produces. Judged according to this canon, the various organizations
+which cater for the amusement and recreation of our fighting men have
+infallibly demonstrated their right to be, and should command the
+practical support of all who are interested in the well-being of our
+fighting men.
+
+
+
+
+FOR THE CAUSE OF THE EMPIRE
+
+
+Irrespective of the state which sent us forth, and despite our
+denominational and political differences, we are undivided in our
+admiration of those who, in the enthusiasm of deathless devotion, have
+made the supreme sacrifice for King and country. Words are inadequate
+to express the tribute which we would pay to the memory of our brave
+dead. We are beginning to value heroism more truly, and have not been
+blind to the valour of those who have fallen in the effort to uphold
+the honour and flag of the Empire. The story of their deeds makes the
+heart beat faster. Many have discovered that the most glorious use to
+which life could be put was to give it away. When the smoke has lifted
+and the noise died down, the confession made and the true history of
+this war written, then we shall see their heroism in the right light,
+and more fully appreciate their sacrifice in the interests of justice
+and honour. It matters not where they died--in hospital, on troopship,
+or on the battlefield; their presence in the Army was sufficient
+evidence of their willingness to bear their share of the cost in
+sacrifice that had to be made before the end could be achieved. They
+died as few men get the opportunity to die, fighting for all that is
+most worth while--for God, and right, and liberty--which is just
+another way of stating that they gave their lives for the glorious
+cause of the Empire.
+
+The general impression is that the Empire consists of an aggregation
+of people, in possession of vast territories and enormous wealth: that
+it consists of Great Britain, Canada, India, South Africa, Australia,
+New Zealand, &c. Many cannot think of the Empire but in terms of
+territory, money, and men. The British Empire, like the Kingdom of
+God, is invisible. These material things are but the practical
+expression of great forces and unalterable principles such as freedom,
+democracy, justice, and faith, which lie at the very base of our
+national life. It is for the retention and general enjoyment of these
+things that we are fighting. We are not fighting for France, Belgium,
+nor even for the Empire, as it is generally regarded, but for the
+enforcement of those standards of justice and honour which have made
+us the greatest nation in the world. It is not a war of retaliation
+nor aggression, but a war to redress wrong, to succour the weak and
+down-trodden.
+
+There is not lacking evidence that beneath the material aspects of
+this conflict there is a tremendous spiritual battle in progress, the
+issue of which will determine the value of these national assets. We
+cannot think that our comrades have given their lives merely to
+enlarge our borders or to increase our wealth. They have died for the
+cause of the Empire, and the cause of the Empire is synonymous with
+the cause of humanity, democracy, freedom, civilization--of
+Christianity.
+
+The cause of the Empire is the cause of God. The highest standard of
+civilization finds expression in the readiness to make sacrifice that
+others might benefit. This standard has been splendidly exemplified by
+the 'boys' from Australia. This is the standard of the Empire as
+against that of Kultur, which is the suppression of the weak, the
+slaughter of the innocent, and the elimination of the small. The
+sacrifice has certainly been considerable, the price involved very
+great, but not too great. We are prepared to pay even a higher price
+rather than lose our heritage or forfeit our right to the enjoyment of
+the priceless privileges of freedom and justice. We cannot help the
+dead, but we can honour them, and we can best honour them by taking up
+the arms which they have laid down, filling the gaps which their death
+has made, and resting not until peace with honour shall have been
+established on firm and enduring foundations.
+
+War is certainly an ugly business; it is hell; but better by far than
+the loss of liberty and civilization under the heel of Prussian
+militarism; and we would pay our humble tribute to the memory of our
+brave comrades who have freely given their lives for the cause of the
+Empire.
+
+To those who have lost--the wives, mothers, and sweethearts--we extend
+our deepest sympathy, and trust that their deep sorrow will be tinged
+with pride in the knowledge that their dear ones died the noblest
+death that men may die.
+
+
+
+
+OUR HEROIC DEAD
+
+
+    Our heroic dead, though war hath laid you low,
+      And cruelly robbed you of this earthly life,
+    You did your best against the fiendish foe,
+      And gave your all to put an end to strife.
+
+    Our comrades still, sleep on; your names will live
+      Long after this terrific war hath ceased.
+    No cannon's roar, no hurtling shell, no bomb
+      Can harm thee or disturb your long last sleep.
+
+    Down in your soldiers' graves you rest from toil,
+      Without the knowledge of the Hun's fierce hate.
+    The shell-struck, blood-stained clods of Belgian soil
+      Will open to your souls the Pearly Gate.
+
+    There is no place on this earth's troubled face
+      So sacred as the ground which shields your heads,
+    Fit resting-place for those so true and brave,
+      Who for THE CAUSE the fullest price have paid.
+
+    Australia's sons the sacrifice supreme
+      For honour, truth, and freedom gladly made;
+    And though the price as high again had been,
+      We'd have paid it, bravely, for the Nation's sake.
+
+    Comrades, sleep on, till God's great Spirit comes
+      To clothe you with the life which never ends;
+    And o'er this shell-swept, bruised, and bleeding land
+      Victorious and enduring peace descends.
+
+
+
+
+THE SILVER LINING
+
+
+War in itself is not a blessing--neither is the surgeon's knife. If it
+were a choice between a slow, painful death from a malignant cancer,
+or an operation, which would give pain for the time being, but which
+ultimately would bring relief and complete recovery--invariably the
+choice would be in favour of the operation.
+
+War is hell, but its prosecution as an effective means in arresting
+the development of the cancer of mad militarism was as essential as
+the use of the surgeon's knife to remove a malignant growth.
+
+War is an ugly business--it is carnage and horror. The thought of man
+butchered by his brother, the thought of both sea and land stained
+with human blood, spilled by human hands, is too horrible for
+contemplation. Yet peace at the price we were asked to pay would have
+been, in its effects, considerably worse than war.
+
+There are accruing to us individually, and to the Empire, blessings
+which possibly no other event (certainly not undisturbed tranquillity)
+than this unprecedented conflict could have created. There are
+compensations that are apt to be overlooked. To realize appreciably
+the compensatory effects in connexion with this conflict, it is
+necessary that we turn from the purely sordid and sad aspect to its
+spiritual and constructive side. The question, Has this war produced
+anything that would approximately counterbalance the arrest of
+industry and progress, waste of life at its prime, the desolation of
+hearts and homes, the devastation of property, and the incalculable
+measures of sorrow and suffering?--is permissible, and we forget not
+the atrocities on both land and sea, the deliberate violation of
+individual and international laws, and the fact that there is hardly a
+street without a loss, and scarce a heart without anxiety.
+
+Throw this immeasurable pile of war-waste and colossal suffering into
+the scales of thoughtful contemplation, then heap into it as a
+counter-weight the blessings that have accrued, and the effect upon
+our minds must necessarily be to lead us to become more hopeful and
+less ungrateful.
+
+The Empire has awakened out of her sleep--she is purging away the
+dross that has accumulated round her life, and at last as a nation we
+have found our soul.
+
+The war found us in a muddle, both from a military and moral
+view-point, but out of that muddle a miracle has been fashioned. In
+addition, the Empire, even to its remotest outposts, has been
+consolidated, and the people over whom King George reigns are bound
+together in indissoluble bonds sealed with blood. Russia is now freed
+from the shackles of tyrannical oppression and autocratic domination;
+and the right to existence of the smaller nations has been powerfully
+endorsed.
+
+There are other factors than those stated above which contribute no
+inconsiderable weight towards counter-balancing the load of hardship
+and heartaches that this war has heaped upon us. Such will be the
+theme of many writers when the smoke has lifted and the peoples of
+this earth again repose in the embrace of world-peace.
+
+We have, so far, only briefly considered the beneficial effects of
+this war upon the Empire. When we come to consider what the war has
+done for the individual, particularly those who are actively engaged
+at the battle fronts, the difference between the weight of suffering
+and the weight of blessing will be very palpable, even to the most
+superficial mind.
+
+Perhaps the blessing of most permanent importance that this war has
+brought to the majority of us is a strengthened faith in immortality.
+We cannot penetrate the veil that screens the mysteries of the future
+from our vision. Faith and the inner consciousness are the basis of
+our belief that there is a future. One cannot be at the Front very
+long before he is compelled to examine his thoughts in regard to
+immortality. Death is brought home very closely. The grim spectre
+points his finger at a man--perhaps in the first flush of
+manhood--who has just commenced to appreciate the joy of living. Death
+challenges, and with no shadow of faltering, but perhaps with a smile,
+the challenge is accepted, and the lad goes under. It is no triumph
+for death. It is the soul of a man that has gained a glorious victory.
+One feels convinced that it is but the body that has terminated
+existence. The physical presence is no more, but the personality--the
+soul--has been translated and passed beyond us. Freed from the
+limitations of this earthly life, it has passed into the infinite to
+be with others who have gone before.
+
+Many scenes have been witnessed the memory of which, even now, fills
+the eyes with tears. Men waiting the advance of death--resolutely,
+fearless, hopeful.
+
+The war has done in a few months what years of preaching apparently
+failed to effect. It has produced a revival of religion amongst men,
+and consequently a slump in ritualism. Christianity has always had its
+enemies, and any opportunity for adversely criticizing the system has
+been laid hold of by some with amazing alacrity. The report that the
+nearer men get to the firing line the less mindful they become of the
+claims of Christ is entirely false, and could only have been
+circulated by people who desired to depreciate the men whose character
+and courage command the admiration of all who know and understand
+them. Those responsible for the rise and spread of such a libel are
+neither the friends of the Church nor of the soldiers.
+
+All soldiers are not saints; all may not be gentlemen. Such claim has
+never been made by them, nor has it ever been their well-wishers'
+boast. Yet there are many soldiers whose lives are clean and sweet,
+who are entitled to be described 'saints' if ever man was. As for what
+constitutes a 'gentleman,' a difference of opinion exists; but judged
+by the standard raised since the outset of this terrific conflict
+amongst the nations, I have no hesitation in affirming that the vast
+majority of them are 'Nature's own.'
+
+Certainly there are some who are careless and callous, who are not
+and never were amenable to the claims of Christ, who daily grow more
+forgetful of home-ties and become slaves to ignoble appetites; but
+such are few, very few, indeed; and the like are to be seen not only
+in military but also in civil life, and generally are not unfamiliar
+with orderly or court-room proceedings. Is it right that all should be
+condemned because of the capricious behaviour of an infinitesimal
+section? Is it Christ-like to condemn those whose actions are called
+into question? Even they are not beyond the pale of reformation and
+redemption--for such Christ tasted death.
+
+Then there are a few whose knowledge of the world and its wickedness
+is limited, who are separated from the restraints of home life, and
+who stray as sheep and sin in ignorance. Are all so strong that they
+can dispense with guidance, or so pure that sin ceases to allure? 'Let
+him who is without sin throw the first stone.'
+
+The men in the main are better since they joined up, and evidence is
+not lacking that from the date of enlistment they appreciably
+realized the seriousness of the work to which they so willingly
+devoted themselves.
+
+As they get nearer to, and while they are at, the Front, they become
+more reverent and less disposed to frivolity. All church parades are
+voluntary, and the chaplains have no occasion to complain about poor
+attendances. The men crowd the buildings used for gospel meetings, and
+large numbers of them have publicly acknowledged their acceptance of
+the Christian faith.
+
+In proportion to the number of services conducted and the
+opportunities for attending them, more soldiers are present at
+religious meetings at the Front than civilians at home. In the ranks
+and amongst both N.C.O.'s and officers there are splendid Christian
+men. These men are a tower of strength to the chaplains, and their
+influence for good amongst their comrades is incalculable.
+
+It has been whispered that the war has completely shattered the
+foundations of Christianity; but from close observation I am inclined
+to the opinion that it has exposed the instability and inadequacy of
+human creeds, and will eventually accomplish what the Churches have so
+lamentably failed to do.
+
+The war is an indictment against divided Christendom. If Christians
+the world over had been united in 'the faith' and 'of one mind in the
+Lord,' this war would have been both impracticable and impossible.
+
+Men on active service have grown indifferent not to Christ and His
+Church, but to human creeds and _our_ brand of Christianity. Both have
+been proved impotent during the progress of this war.
+
+We have heard much about Christian union; no evidence of such is
+noticeable at the Front--at least amongst the accredited
+representatives of the various religious organizations. Emphasis is
+placed upon denominationalism, and more heart-burnings have been
+caused amongst the men in consequence of the divisions amongst the
+Churches than amongst the home folks at the fancied increasing
+irreverence and indifference of the men regarding the things that are
+esteemed sacred. The men give evidence of being disposed to stand
+outside of all _human_ creeds. Their query is not 'Are you a member of
+a certain religious organization?' but 'Are you a member of _The
+Church_?' Their views of Christianity are as simple as they are
+scriptural. The soldiers are beginning to realize that what matters
+most is not whether a man is a member of a certain Church, but _is he
+a Christian?_ Just as the people of Russia have freed themselves of
+the yoke of autocratic government, so I predict that the most potent
+contribution towards bringing about Christian union will come not from
+the recognized leaders of the Churches, but from the soldiers on
+active service who have been impressed with the impotence of the
+existing system to bring about that condition which represents the
+ideal of Christianity, and the answer to our Lord's prayer, 'that all
+may be one in Him.'
+
+If the Allies were to strive for peace and the overthrow of evil in
+the same manner as the Churches are seeking the overthrow of evil and
+the effecting of Christian union, they might well give up the
+conflict. Prolongation of the war and ultimate defeat could be the
+only issue.
+
+Many have learned to know themselves better. They have been made
+cognizant of their weaknesses and their strength--what they are
+capable of and where they fall short.
+
+Life at the Front affords unique opportunities for studying men. One
+is brought into such close contact with them. Every one is different,
+each having his own characteristics, his own eccentricities--each a
+distinct and separate personality. A man sees why this one succeeds
+and why that one fails--he succeeds himself, and learns to have
+confidence.
+
+Perhaps he fails and learns humility, and, maybe, because he has
+failed at one job he is given another, and he finds that he can 'make
+good.' Few, if any, ever dreamed that they were capable of performing
+the tasks which are daily assumed by or assigned to them.
+
+Following upon a man getting to know himself, he acquires a knowledge
+of others. This tends to bridge the gulf that society has created
+between men. Class distinction is virtually eliminated after a few
+months of camp and active service life. Classification is made on the
+basis of character rather than on that of social status. This turn of
+events cannot help but materially contribute to the solution of those
+problems which arise out of the vexed question of social inequalities.
+
+Another effect which this war has produced, and which will prove an
+inestimable blessing, is that the home associations and the little
+joys of home life have become for all time our priceless possessions
+such as they never could otherwise.
+
+Our loved ones are enshrined in our hearts as never before. We feel
+that their personalities are with us, helping us every day. We have
+become capable of greater love for them. We live for them. We fight
+for them. Yea, we would willingly die for them! And for many of us
+our thoughts, our deeds, our daily living is the result of a constant
+endeavour to be as they would have us.
+
+So I feel that the world will be better because of this war. Dark as
+is the cloud that hovers over all, it has its silver lining, and the
+majority of soldiers subscribe to the sentiments of the Apostle Paul,
+who declared that the sufferings of this present time are not worthy
+to be compared with the glory which shall be revealed in us. 'For our
+light affliction, which is but for a moment, worketh for us a far more
+exceeding and eternal weight of glory.'
+
+I feel that Australia will be a better land because of the experiences
+that so many of her sons have gone through. They have learned what
+their loved ones and what their homes mean to them. They have learned
+to appreciate the things most worth while, and will return with hearts
+full of love and thankfulness, more ready than ever before to devote
+their lives to the happiness of those who with bursting hearts
+watched them go; and ever prayed for their return.
+
+'They also serve who only stand and wait.'
+
+How true that is, and how we have realized it since we have been out
+here! We know that the wives, the mothers, the sweethearts, have had a
+harder time than any of us. We realize the long anxious time of
+waiting they have gone through, and know the magnificent part they
+have played in this world-wide war.
+
+However dark things may appear now, the future is radiant with hope,
+and Australia's sons will return to their beloved land bigger and
+better men than when they left; and our country will be a nobler one
+because so many of her sons heard the call of the Motherland, and
+responded gloriously.
+
+[Illustration: BON SOIR.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed by Jarrold & Sons, Ltd., Norwich, England._
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Over the Top With the Third Australian
+Division, by G. P. Cuttriss
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