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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/16475-8.txt b/16475-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..658af8f --- /dev/null +++ b/16475-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1299 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On +In It, Vol. 1, No. 58, December 16, 1897, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 58, December 16, 1897 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop + +Release Date: August 8, 2005 [EBook #16475] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + + + + + +[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND +WORLD +AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.] + + VOL. 1 DECEMBER 16, 1897. NO. 58 + +=Copyright, 1897, by THE GREAT ROUND WORLD Publishing Company.= + + * * * * * + +When we take up our history books and read the accounts of the great +deeds that have been done, we are very apt to wonder how the people felt +in those times, and if it was not much more exciting to _live_ history +than it is to learn it. + +We have an opportunity of judging for ourselves how it feels, for we are +now living through a very important chapter of history. + +Cuba, Turkey, Haiti, and Hawaii are all making history for us that will +make very stirring reading for the scholars that come after us, and now +Austria has joined in the procession, and is giving us an episode that +will make one of the most exciting pages in that country's history. + +The present occurrences in Austria are of the utmost importance to the +world. They show that the time has passed when kings can rule as +absolute monarchs, and that the voice of the people must be listened to. + +We told you of the anger of the Austrian people against Count Badeni and +his Government, and how the Emperor approved of him and his work, and +was determined to uphold him in spite of the opposition. + +We also told you that there is a clause in the Austrian constitution +which gives the Emperor power to act on his own authority without +consulting the people, in case of emergency. + +But Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, backed by +this powerful clause, has not been strong enough to protect his Prime +Minister, and in the face of the anger of the people has not dared to +use the privilege which the constitution gives him. + +This is a great chapter in history. It all happened in this way: + +We told you in the last number how the Government rushed a resolution +through the Reichsrath, which gave the President of the House the power +to suspend unruly members and prevent them from entering the chamber. + +As soon as the Reichsrath reassembled, it became evident to the +opposition that the Government considered the resolution legally passed, +and intended to act on it. + +This so enraged the deputies that no sooner was the sitting declared +open than they rushed to the President's tribune, seized the papers on +his desk, tore them, and scattered them over the house. + +The attendants had not been prepared for this rush, and had allowed some +of the angry members to pass through the gate which had been made in the +fence around the tribune. + +As soon as they realized what was passing, they fought and buffeted the +intruders, until they had expelled them from the enclosure, and the +President declared the sitting adjourned. + +This had no effect on the furious mob with which the chamber was filled. + +One of the members again made a rush for the tribune. The gate had been +closed, but, climbing over the fence, he made a dash for the President's +bell and portfolio. + +The President, amazed at this daring, pushed him away. In an instant a +crowd of his friends, howling and shouting, swarmed over the fence, and +a regular fight began on the tribune itself. + +The deputies had by this time lost control of themselves, and proceeded +with blows and kicks to drive the President and Vice-Presidents of the +Reichsrath off the tribune, or raised platform, on which the President +sits. + +One of the Vice-Presidents was knocked down and trampled on, and one +account of the affray said that the President was so roughly handled +that he fainted. + +Finally, the deputies drove the representatives of the Government from +the tribune, and took possession of it themselves. + +What new deed of violence they might have attempted it is impossible to +say, but at this moment a door at the end of the chamber opened, and in +marched a force of sixty policemen. + +In their trim uniforms and their spiked steel helmets, they presented a +very formidable appearance, and the effect on the house was magical. + +The members were astounded that the Government should dare to infringe +on their rights and privileges by sending police into the chamber that +was sacred to the liberties of the people. + +The Commissioner of Police was not in the least embarrassed. He treated +the deputies as he would any other disorderly mob, and, marching his men +to the foot of the tribune, ordered the deputies to come down from it. + +The deputies firmly refused to do any such thing, whereupon the +Commissioner took one man by the shoulder and ordered him off. + +The deputy resisted, and was seized by six stalwart policemen, and +carried bodily out of the chamber. + +Five others who refused to obey the Commissioner were treated in the +same unceremonious way. + +Dr. Wolff, who up to this moment had been dumb with amazement, now +called on the ministers to remove the police. + +Order having been partially restored, the President returned and +reopened the session. His appearance was greeted with a storm of +whistles, shouts, beating and slamming of desk-lids, and the usual +uproar, led by Dr. Wolff, who, too exhausted to do anything noisier, +contented himself with blowing a shrill cab whistle. + +It was impossible to restore order, for even the friends of the +Government were indignant at the introduction of the police into the +chamber. + +Relying on their privileges as members of the Reichsrath, the deputies +had for days behaved in a shameful and unmanly manner. The people were +indignant that their representatives should so disgrace them, and the +sympathy was all with the Government. The calling in of the police +changed the situation. The Government had interfered with the rights of +the people, and every lover of liberty was in arms against the outrage. +The riotous deputies now became heroes and martyrs instead of noisy, +foolish men, not fit to be intrusted with parliamentary privileges. + +The President of the Reichsrath, having gone so far, was determined, if +possible, to end the disturbance at once and for all. When the noisy +demonstrations recommenced, he ordered Dr. Wolff to leave the house, +suspending him for three days--that is to say, forbidding him to +re-enter the Reichsrath for that space of time. + +Wolff, of course, refused to obey, and the aid of the police was called +for. A shameful struggle ensued, in which the deputy's chair and desk +were smashed to pieces. + +Twelve other members were seized by the police and turned out of the +chamber. + +While this was going on inside the house, excited crowds had gathered +outside. As the torn and dishevelled members were expelled, the people, +regarding them as martyrs in the cause of liberty, began to murmur +against the Government, and finally grew so violent that a strong force +of police had to be fetched to disperse them. + +Forgetting that the foolish conduct of these deputies had blocked all +legislation, and brought the Government and country to such a pass that +the dissolution of the bond with Hungary was likely to occur at any +moment, the people only realized that their liberties had been +interfered with, and their rights had been taken from them. + +The people do not brook interference in their rights. + +In the days of King John of England, the people allowed the vicious king +to get to a certain point, and then with their hands on their swords, +ready to rebel if he resisted, they forced him to sign the great +charter, Magna Charta, which has secured to Englishmen their rights from +that day to this. + +It was signed by King John at Runnymede, near Windsor, in 1215. + +So in France, five hundred years later, when the people had stood all +they could from their kings, they rose against Louis XVI., and were not +satisfied until both the King and the Queen, Marie Antoinette, had paid +the forfeit of their lives for their folly and arrogance. This happened +in 1793. + +When the anger of the people is roused, there is trouble for the +Government. + +In Vienna, though the Government had so far won a victory in turning the +turbulent members out of the chamber, they felt there was danger in the +air when the students surrounded Dr. Wolff as he was thrown out of the +Reichsrath, and marched with him to his home, honoring him as a hero. + +Later, matters began to grow still more serious. Masses of workingmen +left their work, and began to parade the streets, crying out against the +government that had usurped their rights. + +Soldiers were called out to guard the principal buildings, especially +the house of Count Badeni, the unpopular Prime Minister. Squads of +soldiers appeared in every street, forcing the crowds to move and +disperse. + +It was an almost impossible task. The crowd that was driven around one +corner would reappear at the next. The soldiers would disperse the mob +in front of them, and it would re-form at their heels. + +It seemed as if Austria were on the verge of a revolution. + +Realizing that nothing could stop the trouble but the resignation of +Count Badeni, several members of the Reichsrath hurried to his home, and +begged him to put an end to the disturbance. + +The Minister would not yield. His sovereign had confidence in him, and +he would not be driven out by an ignorant mob. + +Another meeting of the Reichsrath was held, at which more violent scenes +occurred. Dr. Wolff presented himself in the chamber and tried to take +his place, whereupon he was seized and taken to prison. + +The feeling among the people grew stronger, and at last one of the town +officials, Burgomaster Luegers, waited on Count Badeni, and informed him +that the people were now so excited that there would be bloodshed if he +did not resign. + +Hearing this, the Prime Minister went to the Emperor and resigned his +office. + +It is reported that the Emperor at first refused to accept the +resignation, whereupon Badeni informed him that he would not undertake +the responsibility of holding office longer, as he had been informed +that the people were ready to rise. + +The Emperor then accepted the resignation, and it soon became evident +that the action had only just been taken in time. + +Crowds had assembled outside the Reichsrath, waiting for it to open, +and the attitude of the mob had become so threatening that the hussars +had to draw their sabres and charge the crowd to keep it in check. +Several people were killed and many wounded. + +This roused the mob to fury, and matters were just developing into a +serious riot when Burgomaster Luegers appeared on the scene. + +Driving through the streets at full speed, forcing his horses through +the crowds, he hurried from mob to mob, shouting the good news that +Badeni had resigned. + +The anger of the crowd at once melted away. The people who had assembled +with rage in their hearts soon became quiet. The night, which might have +been one of bloodshed and murder, was turned into a fête, laughter and +song succeeded the angry murmurs, and the danger was over. + +The next day it was announced that Baron Gautsch von Frankenthurn, a man +who is a great favorite with the people, had been appointed Prime +Minister in the place of Badeni. + +It is said that as soon as the new cabinet is formed, Baron Gautsch will +endeavor to bring about a meeting between the heads of the two parties +which are so violently opposed to each other on the language question, +and see if he cannot arrive at some understanding with them. + +It is also said that Baron Banffy, the Hungarian Prime Minister, insists +that the Reichsrath must agree to the renewal of the Austro-Hungarian +contract for one year, else Hungary will act independently of Austria, +and a separation of the two monarchies may follow. + +After the news of Badeni's resignation there were still angry +demonstrations in Vienna, but after the police had released Dr. Wolff +peace gradually settled down on the city. + + * * * * * + +Turkey does not seem to have taken Russia seriously about the old war +debt. + +In spite of her assurance that she had no intention of increasing her +navy or enlarging her store of war materials, she has placed an order +for one hundred and fifty large cannon with Krupp, the famous German +gun-maker. + +These cannons will cost a large sum of money, and the various European +Powers are watching with much interest to see what Russia will have to +say to it. + +It is rumored that the Turks look upon Germany as their most powerful +friend, and are willing to defy Russia or any other nation so long as +Germany shows a disposition to stand by them. + +This winter is likely to give us some more interesting chapters in +European history. + + * * * * * + +The Sultan of Turkey has fresh worries. The Albanians are now rebelling +against him. + +Albania is on the western border of European Turkey; its shores are +washed by the Adriatic Sea. + +It is a mountainous country, inhabited by a war-like race of people, who +are much given to robbery and brigandage. + +The Albanians are a curious people. They claim to be descended from the +Pelasgians, who were a people of Greece, supposed to be the most +ancient race in Europe. + +They arrived and settled in Europe centuries before men began to keep +records of the events that occurred, and so their origin is unknown. It +is supposed they came from Asia, and probably from India. + +The Albanians base their claim to Pelasgian origin on their language, +which differs from any known tongue, and cannot clearly be connected +with any of the mother tongues. These mother tongues were the original +languages from which the various modern languages are derived. + +More than one thousand languages are spoken on the globe, and these are +so different that each is unintelligible to the speakers of the other. + +The study of these languages is an especial science. Students of this +science, philologists, as they are called, have traced, classed, and +grouped these thousand languages, until they have divided them into six +main groups, or mother tongues. + +The formations of the verbs, the plurals, and the declensions are the +main guides to the identification of a language. + +The study of philology is an intensely interesting one, and while it is +very difficult, its pleasures are easily within the reach of every young +scholar who is beginning the study of Latin, French, and German. + +Our own English language is one of the most interesting with which to +begin the study. + +The ancient Britons were Celts, and spoke Celtic; when they were +conquered by the Romans, Latin words crept into the tongue; and as +Romans gave place to the Saxons, and the Saxons to the Danes, words +from the German and Norse tongues were added to the language. Finally, +came the Norman Conquest, and with it a flood of French words. The +English we speak to-day is a mixture of Celtic, Latin, Saxon, Danish, +and French. + +As you learn your foreign languages you will be interested to find how +many Latin words and forms you are using every day; and as for German +and French, there are so many words in these languages resembling our +own that you are constantly meeting old friends in the course of your +new studies. + +For instance: + + ENGLISH. FRENCH. ENGLISH. GERMAN. + + Papa Papa Father Vater + Mamma Maman Mother Mutter + Table Table Brother Bruder + Chair Chaise Sister Schwester + Boot Bottine Hat Hut + +Some of these words have a common Latin root. The word "table," for +instance, is derived from the Latin word "_tabula_." + +If the Albanians do indeed speak a tongue that cannot be closely +connected with any of the known languages, it is more than probable that +they are a remnant of some ancient and world-forgotten people. + +Albania is under Turkish rule, but the Albanians do not seem a very +pleasant people to govern. + +If they are not satisfied with those who are set in authority over them, +their fierce qualities rise to the surface, and they are apt to do +violent things. + +The last governor of Albania made himself so objectionable to the +people, and they in turn made things so unpleasant for him, that he +sought safety in flight. + +A new governor was appointed, but he in turn found no greater favor with +these mountaineers than his predecessor. Annoyed that they should have +had two obnoxious officials sent to them one after the other, the +Albanians have become restless and are threatening to revolt. + +A Turkish commissioner has been sent to try and calm them, but further +trouble is feared. + + * * * * * + +The Haitian matter, about which we told you last week, promises to +arrive at a peaceful settlement. + +At first, however, it assumed such a threatening aspect that it seemed +as if serious trouble must follow. + +The Haitian Government was very much disturbed when it was learned that +a German warship was to be sent to bombard the capital city, +Port-au-Prince, in case the indemnity, or damages, demanded for Herr +Emil Lueders was not paid. + +The Haitian Government immediately asked the United States to use its +good offices, and endeavor to bring about a peaceful settlement with +Germany. + +Our Government began to make inquiries into the matter, and learned the +Haitian side of the story. + +It seems that Lueders is not a German citizen, after all. He is the son +of a German father and a Haitian mother, was born on Haitian soil, and +is, according to the laws of the country, a citizen of Haiti. + +He had, therefore, no right to appeal to Germany for protection, and +President Simon Sam will not listen to Germany's protest. + +In addition to this, it seems that Lueders is a tiresome fellow, and +that this is the second time he has been arrested for resisting and +attacking officers in the performance of their duty. + +The Haitian ministry looks upon this demand from Germany as a mere cloak +to enable her to seize some territory, and establish a German colony in +the West Indies. + +With this belief in mind, Haiti has appealed to the United States to +interfere and protect them, on the ground of the Monroe Doctrine. + +We told you about this in the supplement following page 210. It says +that the United States shall forcibly resist any attempt to extend the +European political systems in America. + +Our Government was in a slight quandary over this appeal from Haiti. + +We have no quarrel with Germany, and we do not want to have one, but +still it was clearly our duty to do what we could to assist a weaker +sister republic. + +After much consultation and thought, the heads of the Government decided +that our ambassador in Berlin, Mr. White, should be instructed to ask +what Germany's intentions were in the matter. + +It was cabled back that the German minister had given a satisfactory +reply to Mr. White, and so the United States has decided not to +interfere actively in the matter unless Germany attempts to seize +territory. + +In the mean while, Haiti has sent a very dignified letter to Germany. + +The republic declares itself willing to discuss the matter with Germany, +but objects to the German method of judging and settling the whole +affair without first inquiring as to both sides of the trouble. + +The demands of Germany are considered excessive, and in any case Haiti +will not consent to pay any such sums as those asked. + +In her answer, Haiti complains of the conduct of Count Schwerin, the +German representative in Port-au-Prince. + +It declares that he forced himself into the presence of President Simon +Sam, and in an angry and insulting manner demanded Lueders' release, +threatening many things if Haiti dared to oppose him. + +Because of these circumstances, President Simon Sam refuses to have +anything more to do with Count Schwerin, and declares that the further +discussion of the matter must take place in Berlin. + +The latest news says that Germany has changed her mind about sending a +warship to Port-au-Prince, and that the vessel intended for Haiti will +go to China. Two German school-ships are to call at the West Indies +during the winter, and to them will be intrusted the settlement of the +Lueders matter. + +It is probable, however, that the whole matter will be settled by +arbitration. + + * * * * * + +From the fact that an extra ship is to be sent into Chinese waters, it +would seem that the Germans do not intend to give up the Bay of Kiao +Chou. + +Telegrams from China have given us further details. + +It seems that the German minister to China has presented a string of +claims to the Chinese Government which are so absurdly large in +comparison to the amount of damage done, that people do not scruple to +say that they are only offered as a means of enabling the Kaiser to keep +the territory he has seized. + +Here are the damages demanded by Germany for the murder of her two +missionaries: + +The murderers must be discovered and punished. + +The officials concerned in the murder must be punished. + +The mission buildings which were destroyed must be rebuilt. + +The sum of six hundred thousand taels must be paid to the relations of +the dead missionaries. A tael is worth $1.40, so you can see for +yourselves what a big sum this is. + +A heavy sum of money must be paid to defray the expenses of the German +naval expedition to China, and money must be paid to keep the German +force in the Bay of Kiao Chou, which they have seized. + +The Chinese Government, on hearing these demands, said that the Bay of +Kiao Chou must be given up before they could even be discussed. + +The German minister replied that Germany would not give up Kiao Chou, +and there the matter rests. + +The representatives of the other foreign powers think these terms are +unreasonable, and that China shall not think of accepting them. + +China has expressed her willingness to rebuild the mission-houses and +punish the criminals. She hopes to be able to settle the difficulty by +diplomacy, as she is not in a position to go to war. + +The cowardly governor who gave up the forts without firing a shot has +been condemned to death. + + * * * * * + +The Queen Regent has signed the decree giving home rule to Cuba. + +The plan, in brief, is that the island shall be governed by the +Captain-General (who is to represent the mother country) and two +chambers of Congress, the Council Chamber and the House of +Representatives. + +There will be thirty-five members in the Council Chamber, eighteen of +whom will be appointed by the crown, and the other seventeen elected by +the people. All of the members of the House of Representatives will be +elected by the people. + +This Congress is to settle all the affairs of the island, with the +exception of the foreign policy, the question of relations with other +countries, which will be arranged by Spain. + +The supreme authority will be vested in the Captain-General, who will +have to give his consent to all the acts of the Congress before they can +become laws. + +The army and navy will be under his sole control and direction. + +Congress will have the right, subject to certain restrictions imposed by +the home Government, to fix the tariff duties. + +The mayor and all the city officials will be elected by the people, and +while the Spanish Government keeps to itself the right to the final +voice in all decisions, the prospect offered the Cubans seems fair home +rule. + +Porto Rico, another Spanish possession in the West Indies, is to enjoy +the same privileges as Cuba. + +The insurgents, however, will have none of this. + +Both Gomez and Garcia have published proclamations, so severe in tone, +that there can be no doubt that the insurgent leaders are sincere in +their declaration that they will have nothing from Spain but +independence. + +Here is Gomez's proclamation: + + "HEADQUARTERS OF THE GENERAL-IN-CHIEF OF THE } + CUBAN ARMY, SANCTI-SPIRITUS, NOVEMBER 15th, } + 1897, THIRD YEAR OF THE INDEPENDENCE. } + + "The news I have received of the establishment of autonomy + in Cuba by the Spanish Government compels me to remind the + military and civil leaders of the revolution once more that + our only aim is independence. Therefore, + + "Article 1.--Any military commander of the Cuban army + accepting proposals of autonomy from the Spanish Government, + or even conferring with Spanish envoys for any arrangement + of peace, shall be immediately put under arrest, summarily + court-martialled, and, if declared guilty of such acts, + sentenced to death as a traitor to his flag. + + "Article 2.--Any envoy from the Spanish Government, or from + any Spanish or military commander, or from any political + party favoring the Spanish dominion in Cuba, who shall + approach our lines and confer or try to confer with any + military or civil representative of the republic of Cuba, + and propose to him the acceptance of autonomy from Spain, + shall be immediately put under arrest, summarily + court-martialled as a spy, and, if declared guilty, hanged + according to our military laws. + + "These articles shall be enforced by all the generals and + subordinates of the Cuban army in the West and Santa Clara, + the general commander of the East already having orders to + enforce our laws on the matter. For country and liberty. + + "MAXIMO GOMEZ." + + +It is said that the publication of these proclamations has created a +deep impression in Havana. + +Under these proclamations, any person who seeks the Cuban lines to offer +home rule to the soldiers will be hanged as a spy, and any Cuban +listening to such proposals will be shot as a traitor. + +The two brave commanders have therefore made it very difficult for +Spanish agents to approach their soldiers and corrupt them. + +Very few battles are reported from Cuba. It is said that the Spanish +troops are massed in such large numbers that the Cubans do not dare to +attack them. It is also rumored that the present season being the one in +which the supply of vegetables is scarcest in the island, the insurgents +are not well enough supplied with food to venture on any long marches. + + * * * * * + +The _Dauntless_ has again succeeded in conveying an expedition to Cuba. + +She left Jacksonville with a schooner, the _Jenny Thomas_, in tow. When +she reached the mouth of the St. Johns River, she was overhauled by the +cruiser _Vesuvius_. Nothing contraband being found on her, she was +allowed to go on her way after an hour's delay. + +Unfortunately, it never occurred to the officers to search the vessel in +tow, and so the daring little vessel got safely away. + +It now appears that the contraband material was on board the schooner, +and that after the cruiser was safely passed, the _Dauntless_ cast +anchor in some convenient spot, took her forbidden cargo on board, and +sailed away to Cuba without further hindrance. + +The Spanish authorities are much annoyed over this incident, and think +the United States is not showing a proper regard for Spain in allowing +filibustering expeditions to leave her shores at a time when Spain is +trying to pacify the Cubans with such liberal reforms. + + * * * * * + +Don Carlos is said to be showing some activity again. + +Realizing that the new decree giving Home Rule to Cuba will be very +objectionable to many Spaniards, he has called a consultation of the +leaders of his party, and asked them to go about among the people, and +rouse them against the Government. + +He promises that if he is called to the throne, he will not show any +such mercy to the rebellious Cubans, but will compel them, by force of +arms, to obey the will of the Spanish sovereign. + +The leaders of the Carlist party do not, however, seem to be in any +great hurry to act. + +Such a revolution as Don Carlos is anxious to begin means life or death +to the nobles and men of position who support him. If the rising fails, +these men will be regarded as traitors to their country, and shot or +exiled. In any case they will lose everything that they own or that the +Government can discover and take from them. + +With so much at stake it is but natural that the nobles should wish to +be sure that their reward in case of success will be as great as their +punishment in case of failure. + +They are therefore anxious to secure certain pledges from Don Carlos, +before they openly join themselves to an enterprise so full of peril. + +Don Carlos does not seem willing to give these assurances, and so the +rebellion is at a standstill at present. + + * * * * * + +There was a little excitement during the past week over the announcement +that the English and French armies had met in battle in West Africa. + +The story was not, however, believed, because the English Government had +given orders to her soldiers that they were to avoid any conflict with +the French, and the same directions had been given to the French by +their Government. + +It is, however, felt that trouble is pretty sure to come ere long, and +so England has been sending more soldiers to the Niger territory, and +now has a force of four thousand men there. + +A commission was appointed to examine into this vexed boundary question, +and it has been sitting in Paris for many weeks. + +Unfortunately, neither party seems willing to wait until the commission +has finished its work. + +The French, maintaining that they have a right to seize any city or land +that is not occupied by an armed force belonging to any other nation, +have been sending out armed parties to take possession of any territory +they can get. They have already taken possession of several places that +England has long looked upon as her property. + +The British are naturally not going to submit to this, and so they, in +their turn, are trying to seize land wherever possible. + +It is feared that in some of their various raids the British and French +may meet, and a serious conflict ensue. + + * * * * * + +From India it is reported that the Ameer of Afghanistan has refused to +listen to the envoys from the Afridi tribes, and that they are about to +submit to the English rule. + +They will be forced to give up the rifles and plunder they have taken, +and hostages will be demanded of them as a guarantee of further good +behavior. + +The allowance made by the English Government to the Afridis will be +stopped. The Khyber Pass, which was held by them, will be reopened, and +matters will proceed much the same as if no rising had occurred. + +A state durbar will shortly be held, at which the chiefs of the Afridis +will do homage, and submit to the English rule. + +A durbar is, as you no doubt remember, a levee or reception. + +It is rumored that the results of this campaign are very unsatisfactory +to the English people. The hill-fighting, however, turned out to be so +much more severe than the English expected, and the tribesmen proved +such formidable foes, that they were glad to make peace on whatever +terms they could. + +To punish the natives as they had intended would have taken such a large +sum of money, and employed such a number of troops, that the Government +finally decided that the wisest thing was to put a speedy end to the +difficulty. + + * * * * * + +The Soudan campaign has also been brought to a close. + +The English people are also indignant about this. + +They think that the Government ought not to have allowed such a good +opportunity for punishing the Mahdists to slip through its fingers. + +With a little more perseverance, the lower Soudan would have been opened +up to the world and Gordon avenged. + +As it was, no decisive battle was fought; the Mahdists, under Osman +Digna, steadily retreated before the advance of the British. + +After the brilliant reconnoitring trip to Khartoum, and the shelling of +the city by the two little gunboats, it was expected that something +decisive was about to be done. But no advance has been made by the main +army, and now it is positively stated that no further steps will be +taken until January. + +People are wondering why the soldiers were sent to the Soudan, if they +are only to camp on the banks of the Nile and contemplate the Mahdists +from a distance. + +After building their railroad, and making such excellent preparations +for a brilliant campaign, it seems astonishing that the troops should be +allowed to sit down and wait, without striking a blow. + +It is, however, rumored that the English Government does not wish to +spend more money pushing the campaign further, and that more troops are +needed to bring the campaign to a successful termination. + +Whatever the reason, nothing more is likely to be done in the Soudan for +the present. + + * * * * * + +The committee which was appointed to find out just how much it would +cost to make armor-plate, has sent in a report which will be presented +to Congress at the earliest opportunity. + +It appears that it will cost over three and a half million dollars to +build an armor-plate factory capable of making the amount of armor +required by the Government. + +It has not yet been decided whether the factory shall be built, but the +Secretary of the Navy is going to advertise for offers to build it so +that he can lay the whole matter before Congress at one time. + +The Carnegie and Bethlehem steel companies have not been idle while the +Government has been making its inquiries. + +Krupp, the German gun-maker, has recently invented a process for +manufacturing armor-plate which is said to make a plate that is still +more durable and better than that manufactured by the Harvey process. + +The Carnegie and Bethlehem companies no sooner heard of the Krupp +process, than they sent experts to examine it, and finding it to be all +that was represented, they purchased the sole right to use the process +in this country. + +The Government, of course, wants the best possible armor for its ships, +and if the Krupp is the best, they must have Krupp armor-plate. + +The cleverness of these two firms has, however, made it impossible for +the Government to manufacture this kind of armor for itself. If it is to +be used, it must be bought from the Carnegie or Bethlehem people. + +The Secretary of the Navy does not approve of the Government spending so +much money in building a factory of its own. It is said that when he +lays the matter before Congress, he will recommend that the armor be +bought of the Carnegie or Bethlehem firms. + +It is stated that he expects to get the armor for $425 a ton. + +The Carnegie Company are, however, masters of the situation. With the +Bethlehem works, they own the right to manufacture this new and +excellent armor, and if the Government must have it for its ships, the +company will ask what price they please. Their excuse will no doubt be +that they have had to pay so much money for the right that they are +obliged to make the price high. + + G.H. ROSENFELD. + + + + +WANTED--A RECIPE FOR A BOOK. + + +Your editor had an interesting talk a few days ago with one of our +best-known naturalists, who said: "Boys and girls are the keenest +observers, if they are interested in anything. We naturalists get much +of our most valuable information through their quick eyes and minds." + +"And," he added, "the more they see, the more they want to see and know, +and they are constantly coming to me for facts, asking me why I do not +write good books." + +"Well, why don't you?" + +"I'll tell you why. It is because I want to write a book which will tell +them _just_ what they want to know, and I do not know what our boys and +girls are interested in. If I write about pets, what kind of pets are +they most interested in--dogs or cats, horses or birds, squirrels or +fishes? If I write about wild animals, must it be about their homes and +what they do, or about the best ways to hunt and trap them? Then, again, +I am not sure if they are not more interested in hunting for beautiful +and curious things on the seashore--shells, crabs, sea-anemones, and +such things." + +Your editor believes in asking the boys and girls to say for themselves +what they want, and then to give that to them in the best possible way. +Therefore he answered: "Ask the boys and girls what they want. Do not +ask one or two, but just ask one or two thousand, and give them just +what they ask for--no more and no less." As he cannot write a letter to +you all, will you not, each one of you, write a letter addressed to +"Naturalist, care of Editor of GREAT ROUND WORLD, 5 West 18th Street," +and in this letter say just what you would like: a book about birds, +pets, bees, wild animals, shells, fishes, or snakes--for he knows all +about these things, and can write a book on any or all of these +subjects, or, indeed, anything that has to do with woods, fields, or +ocean, and the wonderful and interesting things found in them. We hope +that our promise to this naturalist, that our boys and girls can and +will tell him what he wants to know, will not lead to a disappointment. + + + + +INVENTION AND DISCOVERY. + + +[Illustration] + +If any of our boys and girls have found their bicycle saddles as +uncomfortable as your editor has found his, they will be delighted to +learn that there is to be had a sensible as well as most comfortable +saddle. The pleasure of riding your wheel for miles without feeling your +saddle can only be appreciated by those who happen to have a saddle +which fits; the great trouble is that very few people fit the average +saddle; and as the saddle cannot be adjusted, perfect comfort is not +obtainable. With this new saddle the case is different, for it can be +adjusted to fit a large or small person exactly. It also has a +contrivance which permits the parts to move up and down so that there is +no friction whatever. Our attention was called to it by one of the +officers of the navy, who has proved himself an expert in wheel +contrivances, and a careful test bears out all of his statements. The +saddle is well made and inexpensive ($3.50). + + + + +BOOKS RECEIVED. + + +We have received a very attractive little book called "Uncle Robert's +Visit," which is the third part of the series of books called "Uncle +Robert's Geography." It is published by the Messrs. Appleton in their +series of Home-Reading Books, and presents nature study and geographical +knowledge in the most attractive form, being woven in a story of "Uncle +Robert's Visit" to the farm. This particular uncle, like some others we +have known, was a fund of information and a source of delight to the +nephews and nieces. He went about with them in the fields and woods, +and, without forcing it on them in any way, so ordered the conversation +that they learned much of nature on each trip. These uncles are +treasures, and to those who cannot have them always with them, to read +of some one else's uncle in this attractive form is charming. + +The book is well made, a handy size, with a colored frontispiece showing +the farmhouse; it is illustrated throughout in a practical way which +cannot fail to interest children. + +("Uncle Robert's Visit," Home Reading Books: D. Appleton & Co., 1897; 50 +cents.) + + * * * * * + +We wish to acknowledge the receipt of a new and illustrated edition of +the old favorite, "Gypsy Year at the Golden Crescent," by Elizabeth +Stuart Phelps, illustrated by Mary Fairman Clarke. + +(Dodd, Mead & Co., $1.50.) + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 58, December 16, 1897, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD *** + +***** This file should be named 16475-8.txt or 16475-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/4/7/16475/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 58, December 16, 1897 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop + +Release Date: August 8, 2005 [EBook #16475] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + + +<p><a name="Page_1623" id="Page_1623"></a></p> +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/title.png" alt="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" title="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" /></p> + +<div class='center'><b><span class='smcap'>Vol.</span> 1 <span class='smcap'>December</span> 16, 1897. <span class='smcap'>No.</span> 58</b></div> + +<div class='center'><b>Copyright, 1897, by <span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span> Publishing Company.</b></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p>When we take up our history books and read the accounts of the great +deeds that have been done, we are very apt to wonder how the people felt +in those times, and if it was not much more exciting to <i>live</i> history +than it is to learn it.</p> + +<p>We have an opportunity of judging for ourselves how it feels, for we are +now living through a very important chapter of history.</p> + +<p>Cuba, Turkey, Haiti, and Hawaii are all making history for us that will +make very stirring reading for the scholars that come after us, and now +Austria has joined in the procession, and is giving us an episode that +will make one of the most exciting pages in that country's history.</p> + +<p>The present occurrences in Austria are of the utmost importance to the +world. They show that the time has passed when kings can rule as +absolute monarchs, and that the voice of the people must be listened to.</p> + +<p>We told you of the anger of the Austrian people against Count Badeni and +his Government, and how the Emperor approved of him and his work, and<a name="Page_1624" id="Page_1624"></a> +was determined to uphold him in spite of the opposition.</p> + +<p>We also told you that there is a clause in the Austrian constitution +which gives the Emperor power to act on his own authority without +consulting the people, in case of emergency.</p> + +<p>But Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, backed by +this powerful clause, has not been strong enough to protect his Prime +Minister, and in the face of the anger of the people has not dared to +use the privilege which the constitution gives him.</p> + +<p>This is a great chapter in history. It all happened in this way:</p> + +<p>We told you in the last number how the Government rushed a resolution +through the Reichsrath, which gave the President of the House the power +to suspend unruly members and prevent them from entering the chamber.</p> + +<p>As soon as the Reichsrath reassembled, it became evident to the +opposition that the Government considered the resolution legally passed, +and intended to act on it.</p> + +<p>This so enraged the deputies that no sooner was the sitting declared +open than they rushed to the President's tribune, seized the papers on +his desk, tore them, and scattered them over the house.</p> + +<p>The attendants had not been prepared for this rush, and had allowed some +of the angry members to pass through the gate which had been made in the +fence around the tribune.</p> + +<p>As soon as they realized what was passing, they fought and buffeted the +intruders, until they had expelled them from the enclosure, and the<a name="Page_1625" id="Page_1625"></a> +President declared the sitting adjourned.</p> + +<p>This had no effect on the furious mob with which the chamber was filled.</p> + +<p>One of the members again made a rush for the tribune. The gate had been +closed, but, climbing over the fence, he made a dash for the President's +bell and portfolio.</p> + +<p>The President, amazed at this daring, pushed him away. In an instant a +crowd of his friends, howling and shouting, swarmed over the fence, and +a regular fight began on the tribune itself.</p> + +<p>The deputies had by this time lost control of themselves, and proceeded +with blows and kicks to drive the President and Vice-Presidents of the +Reichsrath off the tribune, or raised platform, on which the President +sits.</p> + +<p>One of the Vice-Presidents was knocked down and trampled on, and one +account of the affray said that the President was so roughly handled +that he fainted.</p> + +<p>Finally, the deputies drove the representatives of the Government from +the tribune, and took possession of it themselves.</p> + +<p>What new deed of violence they might have attempted it is impossible to +say, but at this moment a door at the end of the chamber opened, and in +marched a force of sixty policemen.</p> + +<p>In their trim uniforms and their spiked steel helmets, they presented a +very formidable appearance, and the effect on the house was magical.</p> + +<p>The members were astounded that the Government should dare to infringe +on their rights and privileges by sending police into the chamber that<a name="Page_1626" id="Page_1626"></a> +was sacred to the liberties of the people.</p> + +<p>The Commissioner of Police was not in the least embarrassed. He treated +the deputies as he would any other disorderly mob, and, marching his men +to the foot of the tribune, ordered the deputies to come down from it.</p> + +<p>The deputies firmly refused to do any such thing, whereupon the +Commissioner took one man by the shoulder and ordered him off.</p> + +<p>The deputy resisted, and was seized by six stalwart policemen, and +carried bodily out of the chamber.</p> + +<p>Five others who refused to obey the Commissioner were treated in the +same unceremonious way.</p> + +<p>Dr. Wolff, who up to this moment had been dumb with amazement, now +called on the ministers to remove the police.</p> + +<p>Order having been partially restored, the President returned and +reopened the session. His appearance was greeted with a storm of +whistles, shouts, beating and slamming of desk-lids, and the usual +uproar, led by Dr. Wolff, who, too exhausted to do anything noisier, +contented himself with blowing a shrill cab whistle.</p> + +<p>It was impossible to restore order, for even the friends of the +Government were indignant at the introduction of the police into the +chamber.</p> + +<p>Relying on their privileges as members of the Reichsrath, the deputies +had for days behaved in a shameful and unmanly manner. The people were +indignant that their representatives should so disgrace them, and the +sympathy was all with the Government. The calling in of the police +changed the <a name="Page_1627" id="Page_1627"></a>situation. The Government had interfered with the rights of +the people, and every lover of liberty was in arms against the outrage. +The riotous deputies now became heroes and martyrs instead of noisy, +foolish men, not fit to be intrusted with parliamentary privileges.</p> + +<p>The President of the Reichsrath, having gone so far, was determined, if +possible, to end the disturbance at once and for all. When the noisy +demonstrations recommenced, he ordered Dr. Wolff to leave the house, +suspending him for three days—that is to say, forbidding him to +re-enter the Reichsrath for that space of time.</p> + +<p>Wolff, of course, refused to obey, and the aid of the police was called +for. A shameful struggle ensued, in which the deputy's chair and desk +were smashed to pieces.</p> + +<p>Twelve other members were seized by the police and turned out of the +chamber.</p> + +<p>While this was going on inside the house, excited crowds had gathered +outside. As the torn and dishevelled members were expelled, the people, +regarding them as martyrs in the cause of liberty, began to murmur +against the Government, and finally grew so violent that a strong force +of police had to be fetched to disperse them.</p> + +<p>Forgetting that the foolish conduct of these deputies had blocked all +legislation, and brought the Government and country to such a pass that +the dissolution of the bond with Hungary was likely to occur at any +moment, the people only realized that their liberties had been +interfered with, and their rights had been taken from them.<a name="Page_1628" id="Page_1628"></a></p> + +<p>The people do not brook interference in their rights.</p> + +<p>In the days of King John of England, the people allowed the vicious king +to get to a certain point, and then with their hands on their swords, +ready to rebel if he resisted, they forced him to sign the great +charter, Magna Charta, which has secured to Englishmen their rights from +that day to this.</p> + +<p>It was signed by King John at Runnymede, near Windsor, in 1215.</p> + +<p>So in France, five hundred years later, when the people had stood all +they could from their kings, they rose against Louis XVI., and were not +satisfied until both the King and the Queen, Marie Antoinette, had paid +the forfeit of their lives for their folly and arrogance. This happened +in 1793.</p> + +<p>When the anger of the people is roused, there is trouble for the +Government.</p> + +<p>In Vienna, though the Government had so far won a victory in turning the +turbulent members out of the chamber, they felt there was danger in the +air when the students surrounded Dr. Wolff as he was thrown out of the +Reichsrath, and marched with him to his home, honoring him as a hero.</p> + +<p>Later, matters began to grow still more serious. Masses of workingmen +left their work, and began to parade the streets, crying out against the +government that had usurped their rights.</p> + +<p>Soldiers were called out to guard the principal buildings, especially +the house of Count Badeni, the unpopular Prime Minister. Squads of +soldiers appeared in every street, forcing the crowds to move and +disperse.<a name="Page_1629" id="Page_1629"></a></p> + +<p>It was an almost impossible task. The crowd that was driven around one +corner would reappear at the next. The soldiers would disperse the mob +in front of them, and it would re-form at their heels.</p> + +<p>It seemed as if Austria were on the verge of a revolution.</p> + +<p>Realizing that nothing could stop the trouble but the resignation of +Count Badeni, several members of the Reichsrath hurried to his home, and +begged him to put an end to the disturbance.</p> + +<p>The Minister would not yield. His sovereign had confidence in him, and +he would not be driven out by an ignorant mob.</p> + +<p>Another meeting of the Reichsrath was held, at which more violent scenes +occurred. Dr. Wolff presented himself in the chamber and tried to take +his place, whereupon he was seized and taken to prison.</p> + +<p>The feeling among the people grew stronger, and at last one of the town +officials, Burgomaster Luegers, waited on Count Badeni, and informed him +that the people were now so excited that there would be bloodshed if he +did not resign.</p> + +<p>Hearing this, the Prime Minister went to the Emperor and resigned his +office.</p> + +<p>It is reported that the Emperor at first refused to accept the +resignation, whereupon Badeni informed him that he would not undertake +the responsibility of holding office longer, as he had been informed +that the people were ready to rise.</p> + +<p>The Emperor then accepted the resignation, and it soon became evident +that the action had only just been taken in time.</p> + +<p>Crowds had assembled outside the Reichsrath, wait<a name="Page_1630" id="Page_1630"></a>ing for it to open, +and the attitude of the mob had become so threatening that the hussars +had to draw their sabres and charge the crowd to keep it in check. +Several people were killed and many wounded.</p> + +<p>This roused the mob to fury, and matters were just developing into a +serious riot when Burgomaster Luegers appeared on the scene.</p> + +<p>Driving through the streets at full speed, forcing his horses through +the crowds, he hurried from mob to mob, shouting the good news that +Badeni had resigned.</p> + +<p>The anger of the crowd at once melted away. The people who had assembled +with rage in their hearts soon became quiet. The night, which might have +been one of bloodshed and murder, was turned into a fête, laughter and +song succeeded the angry murmurs, and the danger was over.</p> + +<p>The next day it was announced that Baron Gautsch von Frankenthurn, a man +who is a great favorite with the people, had been appointed Prime +Minister in the place of Badeni.</p> + +<p>It is said that as soon as the new cabinet is formed, Baron Gautsch will +endeavor to bring about a meeting between the heads of the two parties +which are so violently opposed to each other on the language question, +and see if he cannot arrive at some understanding with them.</p> + +<p>It is also said that Baron Banffy, the Hungarian Prime Minister, insists +that the Reichsrath must agree to the renewal of the Austro-Hungarian +contract for one year, else Hungary will act independently of Austria, +and a separation of the two monarchies may follow.<a name="Page_1631" id="Page_1631"></a></p> + +<p>After the news of Badeni's resignation there were still angry +demonstrations in Vienna, but after the police had released Dr. Wolff +peace gradually settled down on the city.</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p>Turkey does not seem to have taken Russia seriously about the old war +debt.</p> + +<p>In spite of her assurance that she had no intention of increasing her +navy or enlarging her store of war materials, she has placed an order +for one hundred and fifty large cannon with Krupp, the famous German +gun-maker.</p> + +<p>These cannons will cost a large sum of money, and the various European +Powers are watching with much interest to see what Russia will have to +say to it.</p> + +<p>It is rumored that the Turks look upon Germany as their most powerful +friend, and are willing to defy Russia or any other nation so long as +Germany shows a disposition to stand by them.</p> + +<p>This winter is likely to give us some more interesting chapters in +European history.</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p>The Sultan of Turkey has fresh worries. The Albanians are now rebelling +against him.</p> + +<p>Albania is on the western border of European Turkey; its shores are +washed by the Adriatic Sea.</p> + +<p>It is a mountainous country, inhabited by a war-like race of people, who +are much given to robbery and brigandage.</p> + +<p>The Albanians are a curious people. They claim to be descended from the +Pelasgians, who were a <a name="Page_1632" id="Page_1632"></a>people of Greece, supposed to be the most +ancient race in Europe.</p> + +<p>They arrived and settled in Europe centuries before men began to keep +records of the events that occurred, and so their origin is unknown. It +is supposed they came from Asia, and probably from India.</p> + +<p>The Albanians base their claim to Pelasgian origin on their language, +which differs from any known tongue, and cannot clearly be connected +with any of the mother tongues. These mother tongues were the original +languages from which the various modern languages are derived.</p> + +<p>More than one thousand languages are spoken on the globe, and these are +so different that each is unintelligible to the speakers of the other.</p> + +<p>The study of these languages is an especial science. Students of this +science, philologists, as they are called, have traced, classed, and +grouped these thousand languages, until they have divided them into six +main groups, or mother tongues.</p> + +<p>The formations of the verbs, the plurals, and the declensions are the +main guides to the identification of a language.</p> + +<p>The study of philology is an intensely interesting one, and while it is +very difficult, its pleasures are easily within the reach of every young +scholar who is beginning the study of Latin, French, and German.</p> + +<p>Our own English language is one of the most interesting with which to +begin the study.</p> + +<p>The ancient Britons were Celts, and spoke Celtic; when they were +conquered by the Romans, Latin words crept into the tongue; and as +Romans gave place to the Saxons, and the Saxons to the Danes, <a name="Page_1633" id="Page_1633"></a>words +from the German and Norse tongues were added to the language. Finally, +came the Norman Conquest, and with it a flood of French words. The +English we speak to-day is a mixture of Celtic, Latin, Saxon, Danish, +and French.</p> + +<p>As you learn your foreign languages you will be interested to find how +many Latin words and forms you are using every day; and as for German +and French, there are so many words in these languages resembling our +own that you are constantly meeting old friends in the course of your +new studies.</p> + +<p>For instance:</p> + + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">English</span>.</td> +<td align='left'><span class="smcap">French</span>.</td> +<td align='left'><span class="smcap">English</span>.</td> +<td align='left'><span class="smcap">German</span>.</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>Papa</td> +<td align='left'>Papa</td> +<td align='left'>Father</td> +<td align='left'>Vater</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>Mamma</td> +<td align='left'>Maman</td> +<td align='left'>Mother</td> +<td align='left'>Mutter</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>Table</td> +<td align='left'>Table</td> +<td align='left'>Brother</td> +<td align='left'>Bruder</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>Chair</td> +<td align='left'>Chaise</td> +<td align='left'>Sister</td> +<td align='left'>Schwester</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>Boot</td> +<td align='left'>Bottine</td> +<td align='left'>Hat</td> +<td align='left'>Hut</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<p>Some of these words have a common Latin root. The word "table," for +instance, is derived from the Latin word "<i>tabula</i>."</p> + +<p>If the Albanians do indeed speak a tongue that cannot be closely +connected with any of the known languages, it is more than probable that +they are a remnant of some ancient and world-forgotten people.</p> + +<p>Albania is under Turkish rule, but the Albanians do not seem a very +pleasant people to govern.</p> + +<p>If they are not satisfied with those who are set in authority over them, +their fierce qualities rise to the surface, and they are apt to do +violent things.</p> + +<p>The last governor of Albania made himself so objectionable to the +people, and they in turn made <a name="Page_1634" id="Page_1634"></a>things so unpleasant for him, that he +sought safety in flight.</p> + +<p>A new governor was appointed, but he in turn found no greater favor with +these mountaineers than his predecessor. Annoyed that they should have +had two obnoxious officials sent to them one after the other, the +Albanians have become restless and are threatening to revolt.</p> + +<p>A Turkish commissioner has been sent to try and calm them, but further +trouble is feared.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>The Haitian matter, about which we told you last week, promises to +arrive at a peaceful settlement.</p> + +<p>At first, however, it assumed such a threatening aspect that it seemed +as if serious trouble must follow.</p> + +<p>The Haitian Government was very much disturbed when it was learned that +a German warship was to be sent to bombard the capital city, +Port-au-Prince, in case the indemnity, or damages, demanded for Herr +Emil Lueders was not paid.</p> + +<p>The Haitian Government immediately asked the United States to use its +good offices, and endeavor to bring about a peaceful settlement with +Germany.</p> + +<p>Our Government began to make inquiries into the matter, and learned the +Haitian side of the story.</p> + +<p>It seems that Lueders is not a German citizen, after all. He is the son +of a German father and a Haitian mother, was born on Haitian soil, and +is, according to the laws of the country, a citizen of Haiti.</p> + +<p>He had, therefore, no right to appeal to Germany <a name="Page_1635" id="Page_1635"></a>for protection, and +President Simon Sam will not listen to Germany's protest.</p> + +<p>In addition to this, it seems that Lueders is a tiresome fellow, and +that this is the second time he has been arrested for resisting and +attacking officers in the performance of their duty.</p> + +<p>The Haitian ministry looks upon this demand from Germany as a mere cloak +to enable her to seize some territory, and establish a German colony in +the West Indies.</p> + +<p>With this belief in mind, Haiti has appealed to the United States to +interfere and protect them, on the ground of the Monroe Doctrine.</p> + +<p>We told you about this in the supplement following page 210. It says +that the United States shall forcibly resist any attempt to extend the +European political systems in America.</p> + +<p>Our Government was in a slight quandary over this appeal from Haiti.</p> + +<p>We have no quarrel with Germany, and we do not want to have one, but +still it was clearly our duty to do what we could to assist a weaker +sister republic.</p> + +<p>After much consultation and thought, the heads of the Government decided +that our ambassador in Berlin, Mr. White, should be instructed to ask +what Germany's intentions were in the matter.</p> + +<p>It was cabled back that the German minister had given a satisfactory +reply to Mr. White, and so the United States has decided not to +interfere actively in the matter unless Germany attempts to seize +territory.</p> + +<p>In the mean while, Haiti has sent a very dignified letter to Germany.<a name="Page_1636" id="Page_1636"></a></p> + +<p>The republic declares itself willing to discuss the matter with Germany, +but objects to the German method of judging and settling the whole +affair without first inquiring as to both sides of the trouble.</p> + +<p>The demands of Germany are considered excessive, and in any case Haiti +will not consent to pay any such sums as those asked.</p> + +<p>In her answer, Haiti complains of the conduct of Count Schwerin, the +German representative in Port-au-Prince.</p> + +<p>It declares that he forced himself into the presence of President Simon +Sam, and in an angry and insulting manner demanded Lueders' release, +threatening many things if Haiti dared to oppose him.</p> + +<p>Because of these circumstances, President Simon Sam refuses to have +anything more to do with Count Schwerin, and declares that the further +discussion of the matter must take place in Berlin.</p> + +<p>The latest news says that Germany has changed her mind about sending a +warship to Port-au-Prince, and that the vessel intended for Haiti will +go to China. Two German school-ships are to call at the West Indies +during the winter, and to them will be intrusted the settlement of the +Lueders matter.</p> + +<p>It is probable, however, that the whole matter will be settled by +arbitration.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>From the fact that an extra ship is to be sent into Chinese waters, it +would seem that the Germans do not intend to give up the Bay of Kiao +Chou.</p> + +<p>Telegrams from China have given us further details.<a name="Page_1637" id="Page_1637"></a></p> + +<p>It seems that the German minister to China has presented a string of +claims to the Chinese Government which are so absurdly large in +comparison to the amount of damage done, that people do not scruple to +say that they are only offered as a means of enabling the Kaiser to keep +the territory he has seized.</p> + +<p>Here are the damages demanded by Germany for the murder of her two +missionaries:</p> + +<p>The murderers must be discovered and punished.</p> + +<p>The officials concerned in the murder must be punished.</p> + +<p>The mission buildings which were destroyed must be rebuilt.</p> + +<p>The sum of six hundred thousand taels must be paid to the relations of +the dead missionaries. A tael is worth $1.40, so you can see for +yourselves what a big sum this is.</p> + +<p>A heavy sum of money must be paid to defray the expenses of the German +naval expedition to China, and money must be paid to keep the German +force in the Bay of Kiao Chou, which they have seized.</p> + +<p>The Chinese Government, on hearing these demands, said that the Bay of +Kiao Chou must be given up before they could even be discussed.</p> + +<p>The German minister replied that Germany would not give up Kiao Chou, +and there the matter rests.</p> + +<p>The representatives of the other foreign powers think these terms are +unreasonable, and that China shall not think of accepting them.</p> + +<p>China has expressed her willingness to rebuild the mission-houses and +punish the criminals. She hopes <a name="Page_1638" id="Page_1638"></a>to be able to settle the difficulty by +diplomacy, as she is not in a position to go to war.</p> + +<p>The cowardly governor who gave up the forts without firing a shot has +been condemned to death.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>The Queen Regent has signed the decree giving home rule to Cuba.</p> + +<p>The plan, in brief, is that the island shall be governed by the +Captain-General (who is to represent the mother country) and two +chambers of Congress, the Council Chamber and the House of +Representatives.</p> + +<p>There will be thirty-five members in the Council Chamber, eighteen of +whom will be appointed by the crown, and the other seventeen elected by +the people. All of the members of the House of Representatives will be +elected by the people.</p> + +<p>This Congress is to settle all the affairs of the island, with the +exception of the foreign policy, the question of relations with other +countries, which will be arranged by Spain.</p> + +<p>The supreme authority will be vested in the Captain-General, who will +have to give his consent to all the acts of the Congress before they can +become laws.</p> + +<p>The army and navy will be under his sole control and direction.</p> + +<p>Congress will have the right, subject to certain restrictions imposed by +the home Government, to fix the tariff duties.</p> + +<p>The mayor and all the city officials will be elected by the people, and +while the Spanish Government <a name="Page_1639" id="Page_1639"></a>keeps to itself the right to the final +voice in all decisions, the prospect offered the Cubans seems fair home +rule.</p> + +<p>Porto Rico, another Spanish possession in the West Indies, is to enjoy +the same privileges as Cuba.</p> + +<p>The insurgents, however, will have none of this.</p> + +<p>Both Gomez and Garcia have published proclamations, so severe in tone, +that there can be no doubt that the insurgent leaders are sincere in +their declaration that they will have nothing from Spain but +independence.</p> + +<p>Here is Gomez's proclamation:</p> + +<div> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">"</span><span class="smcap">Headquarters of the General-in-Chief of the</span> }<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 3em;">C</span><span class="smcap">uban Army, Sancti-Spiritus, November</span> 15th, }<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 3em;">1897,</span> <span class="smcap">Third Year of the Independence.</span> }<br /> +</div> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The news I have received of the establishment of autonomy +in Cuba by the Spanish Government compels me to remind the +military and civil leaders of the revolution once more that +our only aim is independence. Therefore,</p> + +<p>"Article 1.—Any military commander of the Cuban army +accepting proposals of autonomy from the Spanish Government, +or even conferring with Spanish envoys for any arrangement +of peace, shall be immediately put under arrest, summarily +court-martialled, and, if declared guilty of such acts, +sentenced to death as a traitor to his flag.</p> + +<p>"Article 2.—Any envoy from the Spanish Government, or from +any Spanish or military commander, or from any political +party favoring the Spanish dominion in Cuba, who shall +approach our lines and confer or try to confer with any +military or civil repre<a name="Page_1640" id="Page_1640"></a>sentative of the republic of Cuba, +and propose to him the acceptance of autonomy from Spain, +shall be immediately put under arrest, summarily +court-martialled as a spy, and, if declared guilty, hanged +according to our military laws.</p> + +<p>"These articles shall be enforced by all the generals and +subordinates of the Cuban army in the West and Santa Clara, +the general commander of the East already having orders to +enforce our laws on the matter. For country and liberty. </p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 28em;">"</span><span class="smcap">Maximo Gomez.</span>"<br /> +</p> + + +<p>It is said that the publication of these proclamations has created a +deep impression in Havana.</p> + +<p>Under these proclamations, any person who seeks the Cuban lines to offer +home rule to the soldiers will be hanged as a spy, and any Cuban +listening to such proposals will be shot as a traitor.</p> + +<p>The two brave commanders have therefore made it very difficult for +Spanish agents to approach their soldiers and corrupt them.</p> + +<p>Very few battles are reported from Cuba. It is said that the Spanish +troops are massed in such large numbers that the Cubans do not dare to +attack them. It is also rumored that the present season being the one in +which the supply of vegetables is scarcest in the island, the insurgents +are not well enough supplied with food to venture on any long marches.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>The <i>Dauntless</i> has again succeeded in conveying an expedition to Cuba.</p> + +<p>She left Jacksonville with a schooner, the <i>Jenny<a name="Page_1641" id="Page_1641"></a> Thomas</i>, in tow. When +she reached the mouth of the St. Johns River, she was overhauled by the +cruiser <i>Vesuvius</i>. Nothing contraband being found on her, she was +allowed to go on her way after an hour's delay.</p> + +<p>Unfortunately, it never occurred to the officers to search the vessel in +tow, and so the daring little vessel got safely away.</p> + +<p>It now appears that the contraband material was on board the schooner, +and that after the cruiser was safely passed, the <i>Dauntless</i> cast +anchor in some convenient spot, took her forbidden cargo on board, and +sailed away to Cuba without further hindrance.</p> + +<p>The Spanish authorities are much annoyed over this incident, and think +the United States is not showing a proper regard for Spain in allowing +filibustering expeditions to leave her shores at a time when Spain is +trying to pacify the Cubans with such liberal reforms.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Don Carlos is said to be showing some activity again.</p> + +<p>Realizing that the new decree giving Home Rule to Cuba will be very +objectionable to many Spaniards, he has called a consultation of the +leaders of his party, and asked them to go about among the people, and +rouse them against the Government.</p> + +<p>He promises that if he is called to the throne, he will not show any +such mercy to the rebellious Cubans, but will compel them, by force of +arms, to obey the will of the Spanish sovereign.</p> + +<p>The leaders of the Carlist party do not, however, seem to be in any +great hurry to act.<a name="Page_1642" id="Page_1642"></a></p> + +<p>Such a revolution as Don Carlos is anxious to begin means life or death +to the nobles and men of position who support him. If the rising fails, +these men will be regarded as traitors to their country, and shot or +exiled. In any case they will lose everything that they own or that the +Government can discover and take from them.</p> + +<p>With so much at stake it is but natural that the nobles should wish to +be sure that their reward in case of success will be as great as their +punishment in case of failure.</p> + +<p>They are therefore anxious to secure certain pledges from Don Carlos, +before they openly join themselves to an enterprise so full of peril.</p> + +<p>Don Carlos does not seem willing to give these assurances, and so the +rebellion is at a standstill at present.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>There was a little excitement during the past week over the announcement +that the English and French armies had met in battle in West Africa.</p> + +<p>The story was not, however, believed, because the English Government had +given orders to her soldiers that they were to avoid any conflict with +the French, and the same directions had been given to the French by +their Government.</p> + +<p>It is, however, felt that trouble is pretty sure to come ere long, and +so England has been sending more soldiers to the Niger territory, and +now has a force of four thousand men there.</p> + +<p>A commission was appointed to examine into this vexed boundary question, +and it has been sitting in Paris for many weeks.<a name="Page_1643" id="Page_1643"></a></p> + +<p>Unfortunately, neither party seems willing to wait until the commission +has finished its work.</p> + +<p>The French, maintaining that they have a right to seize any city or land +that is not occupied by an armed force belonging to any other nation, +have been sending out armed parties to take possession of any territory +they can get. They have already taken possession of several places that +England has long looked upon as her property.</p> + +<p>The British are naturally not going to submit to this, and so they, in +their turn, are trying to seize land wherever possible.</p> + +<p>It is feared that in some of their various raids the British and French +may meet, and a serious conflict ensue.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>From India it is reported that the Ameer of Afghanistan has refused to +listen to the envoys from the Afridi tribes, and that they are about to +submit to the English rule.</p> + +<p>They will be forced to give up the rifles and plunder they have taken, +and hostages will be demanded of them as a guarantee of further good +behavior.</p> + +<p>The allowance made by the English Government to the Afridis will be +stopped. The Khyber Pass, which was held by them, will be reopened, and +matters will proceed much the same as if no rising had occurred.</p> + +<p>A state durbar will shortly be held, at which the chiefs of the Afridis +will do homage, and submit to the English rule.</p> + +<p>A durbar is, as you no doubt remember, a levee or reception.</p> + +<p>It is rumored that the results of this campaign are <a name="Page_1644" id="Page_1644"></a>very unsatisfactory +to the English people. The hill-fighting, however, turned out to be so +much more severe than the English expected, and the tribesmen proved +such formidable foes, that they were glad to make peace on whatever +terms they could.</p> + +<p>To punish the natives as they had intended would have taken such a large +sum of money, and employed such a number of troops, that the Government +finally decided that the wisest thing was to put a speedy end to the +difficulty.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>The Soudan campaign has also been brought to a close.</p> + +<p>The English people are also indignant about this.</p> + +<p>They think that the Government ought not to have allowed such a good +opportunity for punishing the Mahdists to slip through its fingers.</p> + +<p>With a little more perseverance, the lower Soudan would have been opened +up to the world and Gordon avenged.</p> + +<p>As it was, no decisive battle was fought; the Mahdists, under Osman +Digna, steadily retreated before the advance of the British.</p> + +<p>After the brilliant reconnoitring trip to Khartoum, and the shelling of +the city by the two little gunboats, it was expected that something +decisive was about to be done. But no advance has been made by the main +army, and now it is positively stated that no further steps will be +taken until January.</p> + +<p>People are wondering why the soldiers were sent to the Soudan, if they +are only to camp on the banks of the Nile and contemplate the Mahdists +from a distance.<a name="Page_1645" id="Page_1645"></a></p> + +<p>After building their railroad, and making such excellent preparations +for a brilliant campaign, it seems astonishing that the troops should be +allowed to sit down and wait, without striking a blow.</p> + +<p>It is, however, rumored that the English Government does not wish to +spend more money pushing the campaign further, and that more troops are +needed to bring the campaign to a successful termination.</p> + +<p>Whatever the reason, nothing more is likely to be done in the Soudan for +the present.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>The committee which was appointed to find out just how much it would +cost to make armor-plate, has sent in a report which will be presented +to Congress at the earliest opportunity.</p> + +<p>It appears that it will cost over three and a half million dollars to +build an armor-plate factory capable of making the amount of armor +required by the Government.</p> + +<p>It has not yet been decided whether the factory shall be built, but the +Secretary of the Navy is going to advertise for offers to build it so +that he can lay the whole matter before Congress at one time.</p> + +<p>The Carnegie and Bethlehem steel companies have not been idle while the +Government has been making its inquiries.</p> + +<p>Krupp, the German gun-maker, has recently invented a process for +manufacturing armor-plate which is said to make a plate that is still +more durable and better than that manufactured by the Harvey process.</p> + +<p>The Carnegie and Bethlehem companies no sooner heard of the Krupp +process, than they sent experts <a name="Page_1646" id="Page_1646"></a>to examine it, and finding it to be all +that was represented, they purchased the sole right to use the process +in this country.</p> + +<p>The Government, of course, wants the best possible armor for its ships, +and if the Krupp is the best, they must have Krupp armor-plate.</p> + +<p>The cleverness of these two firms has, however, made it impossible for +the Government to manufacture this kind of armor for itself. If it is to +be used, it must be bought from the Carnegie or Bethlehem people.</p> + +<p>The Secretary of the Navy does not approve of the Government spending so +much money in building a factory of its own. It is said that when he +lays the matter before Congress, he will recommend that the armor be +bought of the Carnegie or Bethlehem firms.</p> + +<p>It is stated that he expects to get the armor for $425 a ton.</p> + +<p>The Carnegie Company are, however, masters of the situation. With the +Bethlehem works, they own the right to manufacture this new and +excellent armor, and if the Government must have it for its ships, the +company will ask what price they please. Their excuse will no doubt be +that they have had to pay so much money for the right that they are +obliged to make the price high.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 28em;">G.</span><span class="smcap">H. Rosenfeld.</span><br /> +<a name="Page_1647" id="Page_1647"></a></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>WANTED—A RECIPE FOR A BOOK.</h2> + + +<p>Your editor had an interesting talk a few days ago with one of our +best-known naturalists, who said: "Boys and girls are the keenest +observers, if they are interested in anything. We naturalists get much +of our most valuable information through their quick eyes and minds."</p> + +<p>"And," he added, "the more they see, the more they want to see and know, +and they are constantly coming to me for facts, asking me why I do not +write good books."</p> + +<p>"Well, why don't you?"</p> + +<p>"I'll tell you why. It is because I want to write a book which will tell +them <i>just</i> what they want to know, and I do not know what our boys and +girls are interested in. If I write about pets, what kind of pets are +they most interested in—dogs or cats, horses or birds, squirrels or +fishes? If I write about wild animals, must it be about their homes and +what they do, or about the best ways to hunt and trap them? Then, again, +I am not sure if they are not more interested in hunting for beautiful +and curious things on the seashore—shells, crabs, sea-anemones, and +such things."</p> + +<p>Your editor believes in asking the boys and girls to say for themselves +what they want, and then to give that to them in the best possible way. +Therefore he answered: "Ask the boys and girls what they want. Do not +ask one or two, but just ask one or two thousand, and give them just +what they ask for—no more and no less." As he cannot write a letter to +you all, <a name="Page_1648" id="Page_1648"></a>will you not, each one of you, write a letter addressed to +"Naturalist, care of Editor of <span class="smcap">Great Round World</span>, 5 West 18th +Street," and in this letter say just what you would like: a book about +birds, pets, bees, wild animals, shells, fishes, or snakes—for he knows +all about these things, and can write a book on any or all of these +subjects, or, indeed, anything that has to do with woods, fields, or +ocean, and the wonderful and interesting things found in them. We hope +that our promise to this naturalist, that our boys and girls can and +will tell him what he wants to know, will not lead to a disappointment.<a name="Page_1649" id="Page_1649"></a></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>INVENTION AND DISCOVERY.</h2> + + +<div class="figcenter"><a href="./images/27.png"><img src="./images/27-tb.png" alt="Bicycle Saddle" title="Bicycle Saddle" /></a></div> + +<p>If any of our boys and girls have found their bicycle saddles as +uncomfortable as your editor has found his, they will be delighted to +learn that there is to be had a sensible as well as most comfortable +saddle. The pleasure of riding your wheel for miles without feeling your +saddle can only be appreciated by those who happen to have a saddle +which fits; the great trouble is that very few people fit the average +saddle; and as the saddle cannot be adjusted, perfect comfort is not +obtainable. With this new saddle the case is different, for it can be +adjusted to fit a large or small person exactly. It also has a +contrivance which permits the parts to move up and down so that there is +no friction whatever. Our attention was called to it by one of the +officers of the navy, who has proved himself an expert in wheel +contrivances, and a careful test bears out all of his statements. The +saddle is well made and inexpensive ($3.50).<a name="Page_1650" id="Page_1650"></a></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="BOOKS_RECEIVED" id="BOOKS_RECEIVED"></a>BOOKS RECEIVED.</h2> + + +<p>We have received a very attractive little book called "Uncle Robert's +Visit," which is the third part of the series of books called "Uncle +Robert's Geography." It is published by the Messrs. Appleton in their +series of Home-Reading Books, and presents nature study and geographical +knowledge in the most attractive form, being woven in a story of "Uncle +Robert's Visit" to the farm. This particular uncle, like some others we +have known, was a fund of information and a source of delight to the +nephews and nieces. He went about with them in the fields and woods, +and, without forcing it on them in any way, so ordered the conversation +that they learned much of nature on each trip. These uncles are +treasures, and to those who cannot have them always with them, to read +of some one else's uncle in this attractive form is charming.</p> + +<p>The book is well made, a handy size, with a colored frontispiece showing +the farmhouse; it is illustrated throughout in a practical way which +cannot fail to interest children.</p> + +<p>("Uncle Robert's Visit," Home Reading Books: D. Appleton & Co., 1897; 50 +cents.)</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>We wish to acknowledge the receipt of a new and illustrated edition of +the old favorite, "Gypsy Year at the Golden Crescent," by Elizabeth +Stuart Phelps, illustrated by Mary Fairman Clarke.</p> + +<p>(Dodd, Mead & Co., $1.50.)<br /><br /></p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 58, December 16, 1897, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD *** + +***** This file should be named 16475-h.htm or 16475-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/4/7/16475/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 58, December 16, 1897 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop + +Release Date: August 8, 2005 [EBook #16475] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + + + + + +[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND +WORLD +AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.] + + VOL. 1 DECEMBER 16, 1897. NO. 58 + +=Copyright, 1897, by THE GREAT ROUND WORLD Publishing Company.= + + * * * * * + +When we take up our history books and read the accounts of the great +deeds that have been done, we are very apt to wonder how the people felt +in those times, and if it was not much more exciting to _live_ history +than it is to learn it. + +We have an opportunity of judging for ourselves how it feels, for we are +now living through a very important chapter of history. + +Cuba, Turkey, Haiti, and Hawaii are all making history for us that will +make very stirring reading for the scholars that come after us, and now +Austria has joined in the procession, and is giving us an episode that +will make one of the most exciting pages in that country's history. + +The present occurrences in Austria are of the utmost importance to the +world. They show that the time has passed when kings can rule as +absolute monarchs, and that the voice of the people must be listened to. + +We told you of the anger of the Austrian people against Count Badeni and +his Government, and how the Emperor approved of him and his work, and +was determined to uphold him in spite of the opposition. + +We also told you that there is a clause in the Austrian constitution +which gives the Emperor power to act on his own authority without +consulting the people, in case of emergency. + +But Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, backed by +this powerful clause, has not been strong enough to protect his Prime +Minister, and in the face of the anger of the people has not dared to +use the privilege which the constitution gives him. + +This is a great chapter in history. It all happened in this way: + +We told you in the last number how the Government rushed a resolution +through the Reichsrath, which gave the President of the House the power +to suspend unruly members and prevent them from entering the chamber. + +As soon as the Reichsrath reassembled, it became evident to the +opposition that the Government considered the resolution legally passed, +and intended to act on it. + +This so enraged the deputies that no sooner was the sitting declared +open than they rushed to the President's tribune, seized the papers on +his desk, tore them, and scattered them over the house. + +The attendants had not been prepared for this rush, and had allowed some +of the angry members to pass through the gate which had been made in the +fence around the tribune. + +As soon as they realized what was passing, they fought and buffeted the +intruders, until they had expelled them from the enclosure, and the +President declared the sitting adjourned. + +This had no effect on the furious mob with which the chamber was filled. + +One of the members again made a rush for the tribune. The gate had been +closed, but, climbing over the fence, he made a dash for the President's +bell and portfolio. + +The President, amazed at this daring, pushed him away. In an instant a +crowd of his friends, howling and shouting, swarmed over the fence, and +a regular fight began on the tribune itself. + +The deputies had by this time lost control of themselves, and proceeded +with blows and kicks to drive the President and Vice-Presidents of the +Reichsrath off the tribune, or raised platform, on which the President +sits. + +One of the Vice-Presidents was knocked down and trampled on, and one +account of the affray said that the President was so roughly handled +that he fainted. + +Finally, the deputies drove the representatives of the Government from +the tribune, and took possession of it themselves. + +What new deed of violence they might have attempted it is impossible to +say, but at this moment a door at the end of the chamber opened, and in +marched a force of sixty policemen. + +In their trim uniforms and their spiked steel helmets, they presented a +very formidable appearance, and the effect on the house was magical. + +The members were astounded that the Government should dare to infringe +on their rights and privileges by sending police into the chamber that +was sacred to the liberties of the people. + +The Commissioner of Police was not in the least embarrassed. He treated +the deputies as he would any other disorderly mob, and, marching his men +to the foot of the tribune, ordered the deputies to come down from it. + +The deputies firmly refused to do any such thing, whereupon the +Commissioner took one man by the shoulder and ordered him off. + +The deputy resisted, and was seized by six stalwart policemen, and +carried bodily out of the chamber. + +Five others who refused to obey the Commissioner were treated in the +same unceremonious way. + +Dr. Wolff, who up to this moment had been dumb with amazement, now +called on the ministers to remove the police. + +Order having been partially restored, the President returned and +reopened the session. His appearance was greeted with a storm of +whistles, shouts, beating and slamming of desk-lids, and the usual +uproar, led by Dr. Wolff, who, too exhausted to do anything noisier, +contented himself with blowing a shrill cab whistle. + +It was impossible to restore order, for even the friends of the +Government were indignant at the introduction of the police into the +chamber. + +Relying on their privileges as members of the Reichsrath, the deputies +had for days behaved in a shameful and unmanly manner. The people were +indignant that their representatives should so disgrace them, and the +sympathy was all with the Government. The calling in of the police +changed the situation. The Government had interfered with the rights of +the people, and every lover of liberty was in arms against the outrage. +The riotous deputies now became heroes and martyrs instead of noisy, +foolish men, not fit to be intrusted with parliamentary privileges. + +The President of the Reichsrath, having gone so far, was determined, if +possible, to end the disturbance at once and for all. When the noisy +demonstrations recommenced, he ordered Dr. Wolff to leave the house, +suspending him for three days--that is to say, forbidding him to +re-enter the Reichsrath for that space of time. + +Wolff, of course, refused to obey, and the aid of the police was called +for. A shameful struggle ensued, in which the deputy's chair and desk +were smashed to pieces. + +Twelve other members were seized by the police and turned out of the +chamber. + +While this was going on inside the house, excited crowds had gathered +outside. As the torn and dishevelled members were expelled, the people, +regarding them as martyrs in the cause of liberty, began to murmur +against the Government, and finally grew so violent that a strong force +of police had to be fetched to disperse them. + +Forgetting that the foolish conduct of these deputies had blocked all +legislation, and brought the Government and country to such a pass that +the dissolution of the bond with Hungary was likely to occur at any +moment, the people only realized that their liberties had been +interfered with, and their rights had been taken from them. + +The people do not brook interference in their rights. + +In the days of King John of England, the people allowed the vicious king +to get to a certain point, and then with their hands on their swords, +ready to rebel if he resisted, they forced him to sign the great +charter, Magna Charta, which has secured to Englishmen their rights from +that day to this. + +It was signed by King John at Runnymede, near Windsor, in 1215. + +So in France, five hundred years later, when the people had stood all +they could from their kings, they rose against Louis XVI., and were not +satisfied until both the King and the Queen, Marie Antoinette, had paid +the forfeit of their lives for their folly and arrogance. This happened +in 1793. + +When the anger of the people is roused, there is trouble for the +Government. + +In Vienna, though the Government had so far won a victory in turning the +turbulent members out of the chamber, they felt there was danger in the +air when the students surrounded Dr. Wolff as he was thrown out of the +Reichsrath, and marched with him to his home, honoring him as a hero. + +Later, matters began to grow still more serious. Masses of workingmen +left their work, and began to parade the streets, crying out against the +government that had usurped their rights. + +Soldiers were called out to guard the principal buildings, especially +the house of Count Badeni, the unpopular Prime Minister. Squads of +soldiers appeared in every street, forcing the crowds to move and +disperse. + +It was an almost impossible task. The crowd that was driven around one +corner would reappear at the next. The soldiers would disperse the mob +in front of them, and it would re-form at their heels. + +It seemed as if Austria were on the verge of a revolution. + +Realizing that nothing could stop the trouble but the resignation of +Count Badeni, several members of the Reichsrath hurried to his home, and +begged him to put an end to the disturbance. + +The Minister would not yield. His sovereign had confidence in him, and +he would not be driven out by an ignorant mob. + +Another meeting of the Reichsrath was held, at which more violent scenes +occurred. Dr. Wolff presented himself in the chamber and tried to take +his place, whereupon he was seized and taken to prison. + +The feeling among the people grew stronger, and at last one of the town +officials, Burgomaster Luegers, waited on Count Badeni, and informed him +that the people were now so excited that there would be bloodshed if he +did not resign. + +Hearing this, the Prime Minister went to the Emperor and resigned his +office. + +It is reported that the Emperor at first refused to accept the +resignation, whereupon Badeni informed him that he would not undertake +the responsibility of holding office longer, as he had been informed +that the people were ready to rise. + +The Emperor then accepted the resignation, and it soon became evident +that the action had only just been taken in time. + +Crowds had assembled outside the Reichsrath, waiting for it to open, +and the attitude of the mob had become so threatening that the hussars +had to draw their sabres and charge the crowd to keep it in check. +Several people were killed and many wounded. + +This roused the mob to fury, and matters were just developing into a +serious riot when Burgomaster Luegers appeared on the scene. + +Driving through the streets at full speed, forcing his horses through +the crowds, he hurried from mob to mob, shouting the good news that +Badeni had resigned. + +The anger of the crowd at once melted away. The people who had assembled +with rage in their hearts soon became quiet. The night, which might have +been one of bloodshed and murder, was turned into a fete, laughter and +song succeeded the angry murmurs, and the danger was over. + +The next day it was announced that Baron Gautsch von Frankenthurn, a man +who is a great favorite with the people, had been appointed Prime +Minister in the place of Badeni. + +It is said that as soon as the new cabinet is formed, Baron Gautsch will +endeavor to bring about a meeting between the heads of the two parties +which are so violently opposed to each other on the language question, +and see if he cannot arrive at some understanding with them. + +It is also said that Baron Banffy, the Hungarian Prime Minister, insists +that the Reichsrath must agree to the renewal of the Austro-Hungarian +contract for one year, else Hungary will act independently of Austria, +and a separation of the two monarchies may follow. + +After the news of Badeni's resignation there were still angry +demonstrations in Vienna, but after the police had released Dr. Wolff +peace gradually settled down on the city. + + * * * * * + +Turkey does not seem to have taken Russia seriously about the old war +debt. + +In spite of her assurance that she had no intention of increasing her +navy or enlarging her store of war materials, she has placed an order +for one hundred and fifty large cannon with Krupp, the famous German +gun-maker. + +These cannons will cost a large sum of money, and the various European +Powers are watching with much interest to see what Russia will have to +say to it. + +It is rumored that the Turks look upon Germany as their most powerful +friend, and are willing to defy Russia or any other nation so long as +Germany shows a disposition to stand by them. + +This winter is likely to give us some more interesting chapters in +European history. + + * * * * * + +The Sultan of Turkey has fresh worries. The Albanians are now rebelling +against him. + +Albania is on the western border of European Turkey; its shores are +washed by the Adriatic Sea. + +It is a mountainous country, inhabited by a war-like race of people, who +are much given to robbery and brigandage. + +The Albanians are a curious people. They claim to be descended from the +Pelasgians, who were a people of Greece, supposed to be the most +ancient race in Europe. + +They arrived and settled in Europe centuries before men began to keep +records of the events that occurred, and so their origin is unknown. It +is supposed they came from Asia, and probably from India. + +The Albanians base their claim to Pelasgian origin on their language, +which differs from any known tongue, and cannot clearly be connected +with any of the mother tongues. These mother tongues were the original +languages from which the various modern languages are derived. + +More than one thousand languages are spoken on the globe, and these are +so different that each is unintelligible to the speakers of the other. + +The study of these languages is an especial science. Students of this +science, philologists, as they are called, have traced, classed, and +grouped these thousand languages, until they have divided them into six +main groups, or mother tongues. + +The formations of the verbs, the plurals, and the declensions are the +main guides to the identification of a language. + +The study of philology is an intensely interesting one, and while it is +very difficult, its pleasures are easily within the reach of every young +scholar who is beginning the study of Latin, French, and German. + +Our own English language is one of the most interesting with which to +begin the study. + +The ancient Britons were Celts, and spoke Celtic; when they were +conquered by the Romans, Latin words crept into the tongue; and as +Romans gave place to the Saxons, and the Saxons to the Danes, words +from the German and Norse tongues were added to the language. Finally, +came the Norman Conquest, and with it a flood of French words. The +English we speak to-day is a mixture of Celtic, Latin, Saxon, Danish, +and French. + +As you learn your foreign languages you will be interested to find how +many Latin words and forms you are using every day; and as for German +and French, there are so many words in these languages resembling our +own that you are constantly meeting old friends in the course of your +new studies. + +For instance: + + ENGLISH. FRENCH. ENGLISH. GERMAN. + + Papa Papa Father Vater + Mamma Maman Mother Mutter + Table Table Brother Bruder + Chair Chaise Sister Schwester + Boot Bottine Hat Hut + +Some of these words have a common Latin root. The word "table," for +instance, is derived from the Latin word "_tabula_." + +If the Albanians do indeed speak a tongue that cannot be closely +connected with any of the known languages, it is more than probable that +they are a remnant of some ancient and world-forgotten people. + +Albania is under Turkish rule, but the Albanians do not seem a very +pleasant people to govern. + +If they are not satisfied with those who are set in authority over them, +their fierce qualities rise to the surface, and they are apt to do +violent things. + +The last governor of Albania made himself so objectionable to the +people, and they in turn made things so unpleasant for him, that he +sought safety in flight. + +A new governor was appointed, but he in turn found no greater favor with +these mountaineers than his predecessor. Annoyed that they should have +had two obnoxious officials sent to them one after the other, the +Albanians have become restless and are threatening to revolt. + +A Turkish commissioner has been sent to try and calm them, but further +trouble is feared. + + * * * * * + +The Haitian matter, about which we told you last week, promises to +arrive at a peaceful settlement. + +At first, however, it assumed such a threatening aspect that it seemed +as if serious trouble must follow. + +The Haitian Government was very much disturbed when it was learned that +a German warship was to be sent to bombard the capital city, +Port-au-Prince, in case the indemnity, or damages, demanded for Herr +Emil Lueders was not paid. + +The Haitian Government immediately asked the United States to use its +good offices, and endeavor to bring about a peaceful settlement with +Germany. + +Our Government began to make inquiries into the matter, and learned the +Haitian side of the story. + +It seems that Lueders is not a German citizen, after all. He is the son +of a German father and a Haitian mother, was born on Haitian soil, and +is, according to the laws of the country, a citizen of Haiti. + +He had, therefore, no right to appeal to Germany for protection, and +President Simon Sam will not listen to Germany's protest. + +In addition to this, it seems that Lueders is a tiresome fellow, and +that this is the second time he has been arrested for resisting and +attacking officers in the performance of their duty. + +The Haitian ministry looks upon this demand from Germany as a mere cloak +to enable her to seize some territory, and establish a German colony in +the West Indies. + +With this belief in mind, Haiti has appealed to the United States to +interfere and protect them, on the ground of the Monroe Doctrine. + +We told you about this in the supplement following page 210. It says +that the United States shall forcibly resist any attempt to extend the +European political systems in America. + +Our Government was in a slight quandary over this appeal from Haiti. + +We have no quarrel with Germany, and we do not want to have one, but +still it was clearly our duty to do what we could to assist a weaker +sister republic. + +After much consultation and thought, the heads of the Government decided +that our ambassador in Berlin, Mr. White, should be instructed to ask +what Germany's intentions were in the matter. + +It was cabled back that the German minister had given a satisfactory +reply to Mr. White, and so the United States has decided not to +interfere actively in the matter unless Germany attempts to seize +territory. + +In the mean while, Haiti has sent a very dignified letter to Germany. + +The republic declares itself willing to discuss the matter with Germany, +but objects to the German method of judging and settling the whole +affair without first inquiring as to both sides of the trouble. + +The demands of Germany are considered excessive, and in any case Haiti +will not consent to pay any such sums as those asked. + +In her answer, Haiti complains of the conduct of Count Schwerin, the +German representative in Port-au-Prince. + +It declares that he forced himself into the presence of President Simon +Sam, and in an angry and insulting manner demanded Lueders' release, +threatening many things if Haiti dared to oppose him. + +Because of these circumstances, President Simon Sam refuses to have +anything more to do with Count Schwerin, and declares that the further +discussion of the matter must take place in Berlin. + +The latest news says that Germany has changed her mind about sending a +warship to Port-au-Prince, and that the vessel intended for Haiti will +go to China. Two German school-ships are to call at the West Indies +during the winter, and to them will be intrusted the settlement of the +Lueders matter. + +It is probable, however, that the whole matter will be settled by +arbitration. + + * * * * * + +From the fact that an extra ship is to be sent into Chinese waters, it +would seem that the Germans do not intend to give up the Bay of Kiao +Chou. + +Telegrams from China have given us further details. + +It seems that the German minister to China has presented a string of +claims to the Chinese Government which are so absurdly large in +comparison to the amount of damage done, that people do not scruple to +say that they are only offered as a means of enabling the Kaiser to keep +the territory he has seized. + +Here are the damages demanded by Germany for the murder of her two +missionaries: + +The murderers must be discovered and punished. + +The officials concerned in the murder must be punished. + +The mission buildings which were destroyed must be rebuilt. + +The sum of six hundred thousand taels must be paid to the relations of +the dead missionaries. A tael is worth $1.40, so you can see for +yourselves what a big sum this is. + +A heavy sum of money must be paid to defray the expenses of the German +naval expedition to China, and money must be paid to keep the German +force in the Bay of Kiao Chou, which they have seized. + +The Chinese Government, on hearing these demands, said that the Bay of +Kiao Chou must be given up before they could even be discussed. + +The German minister replied that Germany would not give up Kiao Chou, +and there the matter rests. + +The representatives of the other foreign powers think these terms are +unreasonable, and that China shall not think of accepting them. + +China has expressed her willingness to rebuild the mission-houses and +punish the criminals. She hopes to be able to settle the difficulty by +diplomacy, as she is not in a position to go to war. + +The cowardly governor who gave up the forts without firing a shot has +been condemned to death. + + * * * * * + +The Queen Regent has signed the decree giving home rule to Cuba. + +The plan, in brief, is that the island shall be governed by the +Captain-General (who is to represent the mother country) and two +chambers of Congress, the Council Chamber and the House of +Representatives. + +There will be thirty-five members in the Council Chamber, eighteen of +whom will be appointed by the crown, and the other seventeen elected by +the people. All of the members of the House of Representatives will be +elected by the people. + +This Congress is to settle all the affairs of the island, with the +exception of the foreign policy, the question of relations with other +countries, which will be arranged by Spain. + +The supreme authority will be vested in the Captain-General, who will +have to give his consent to all the acts of the Congress before they can +become laws. + +The army and navy will be under his sole control and direction. + +Congress will have the right, subject to certain restrictions imposed by +the home Government, to fix the tariff duties. + +The mayor and all the city officials will be elected by the people, and +while the Spanish Government keeps to itself the right to the final +voice in all decisions, the prospect offered the Cubans seems fair home +rule. + +Porto Rico, another Spanish possession in the West Indies, is to enjoy +the same privileges as Cuba. + +The insurgents, however, will have none of this. + +Both Gomez and Garcia have published proclamations, so severe in tone, +that there can be no doubt that the insurgent leaders are sincere in +their declaration that they will have nothing from Spain but +independence. + +Here is Gomez's proclamation: + + "HEADQUARTERS OF THE GENERAL-IN-CHIEF OF THE } + CUBAN ARMY, SANCTI-SPIRITUS, NOVEMBER 15th, } + 1897, THIRD YEAR OF THE INDEPENDENCE. } + + "The news I have received of the establishment of autonomy + in Cuba by the Spanish Government compels me to remind the + military and civil leaders of the revolution once more that + our only aim is independence. Therefore, + + "Article 1.--Any military commander of the Cuban army + accepting proposals of autonomy from the Spanish Government, + or even conferring with Spanish envoys for any arrangement + of peace, shall be immediately put under arrest, summarily + court-martialled, and, if declared guilty of such acts, + sentenced to death as a traitor to his flag. + + "Article 2.--Any envoy from the Spanish Government, or from + any Spanish or military commander, or from any political + party favoring the Spanish dominion in Cuba, who shall + approach our lines and confer or try to confer with any + military or civil representative of the republic of Cuba, + and propose to him the acceptance of autonomy from Spain, + shall be immediately put under arrest, summarily + court-martialled as a spy, and, if declared guilty, hanged + according to our military laws. + + "These articles shall be enforced by all the generals and + subordinates of the Cuban army in the West and Santa Clara, + the general commander of the East already having orders to + enforce our laws on the matter. For country and liberty. + + "MAXIMO GOMEZ." + + +It is said that the publication of these proclamations has created a +deep impression in Havana. + +Under these proclamations, any person who seeks the Cuban lines to offer +home rule to the soldiers will be hanged as a spy, and any Cuban +listening to such proposals will be shot as a traitor. + +The two brave commanders have therefore made it very difficult for +Spanish agents to approach their soldiers and corrupt them. + +Very few battles are reported from Cuba. It is said that the Spanish +troops are massed in such large numbers that the Cubans do not dare to +attack them. It is also rumored that the present season being the one in +which the supply of vegetables is scarcest in the island, the insurgents +are not well enough supplied with food to venture on any long marches. + + * * * * * + +The _Dauntless_ has again succeeded in conveying an expedition to Cuba. + +She left Jacksonville with a schooner, the _Jenny Thomas_, in tow. When +she reached the mouth of the St. Johns River, she was overhauled by the +cruiser _Vesuvius_. Nothing contraband being found on her, she was +allowed to go on her way after an hour's delay. + +Unfortunately, it never occurred to the officers to search the vessel in +tow, and so the daring little vessel got safely away. + +It now appears that the contraband material was on board the schooner, +and that after the cruiser was safely passed, the _Dauntless_ cast +anchor in some convenient spot, took her forbidden cargo on board, and +sailed away to Cuba without further hindrance. + +The Spanish authorities are much annoyed over this incident, and think +the United States is not showing a proper regard for Spain in allowing +filibustering expeditions to leave her shores at a time when Spain is +trying to pacify the Cubans with such liberal reforms. + + * * * * * + +Don Carlos is said to be showing some activity again. + +Realizing that the new decree giving Home Rule to Cuba will be very +objectionable to many Spaniards, he has called a consultation of the +leaders of his party, and asked them to go about among the people, and +rouse them against the Government. + +He promises that if he is called to the throne, he will not show any +such mercy to the rebellious Cubans, but will compel them, by force of +arms, to obey the will of the Spanish sovereign. + +The leaders of the Carlist party do not, however, seem to be in any +great hurry to act. + +Such a revolution as Don Carlos is anxious to begin means life or death +to the nobles and men of position who support him. If the rising fails, +these men will be regarded as traitors to their country, and shot or +exiled. In any case they will lose everything that they own or that the +Government can discover and take from them. + +With so much at stake it is but natural that the nobles should wish to +be sure that their reward in case of success will be as great as their +punishment in case of failure. + +They are therefore anxious to secure certain pledges from Don Carlos, +before they openly join themselves to an enterprise so full of peril. + +Don Carlos does not seem willing to give these assurances, and so the +rebellion is at a standstill at present. + + * * * * * + +There was a little excitement during the past week over the announcement +that the English and French armies had met in battle in West Africa. + +The story was not, however, believed, because the English Government had +given orders to her soldiers that they were to avoid any conflict with +the French, and the same directions had been given to the French by +their Government. + +It is, however, felt that trouble is pretty sure to come ere long, and +so England has been sending more soldiers to the Niger territory, and +now has a force of four thousand men there. + +A commission was appointed to examine into this vexed boundary question, +and it has been sitting in Paris for many weeks. + +Unfortunately, neither party seems willing to wait until the commission +has finished its work. + +The French, maintaining that they have a right to seize any city or land +that is not occupied by an armed force belonging to any other nation, +have been sending out armed parties to take possession of any territory +they can get. They have already taken possession of several places that +England has long looked upon as her property. + +The British are naturally not going to submit to this, and so they, in +their turn, are trying to seize land wherever possible. + +It is feared that in some of their various raids the British and French +may meet, and a serious conflict ensue. + + * * * * * + +From India it is reported that the Ameer of Afghanistan has refused to +listen to the envoys from the Afridi tribes, and that they are about to +submit to the English rule. + +They will be forced to give up the rifles and plunder they have taken, +and hostages will be demanded of them as a guarantee of further good +behavior. + +The allowance made by the English Government to the Afridis will be +stopped. The Khyber Pass, which was held by them, will be reopened, and +matters will proceed much the same as if no rising had occurred. + +A state durbar will shortly be held, at which the chiefs of the Afridis +will do homage, and submit to the English rule. + +A durbar is, as you no doubt remember, a levee or reception. + +It is rumored that the results of this campaign are very unsatisfactory +to the English people. The hill-fighting, however, turned out to be so +much more severe than the English expected, and the tribesmen proved +such formidable foes, that they were glad to make peace on whatever +terms they could. + +To punish the natives as they had intended would have taken such a large +sum of money, and employed such a number of troops, that the Government +finally decided that the wisest thing was to put a speedy end to the +difficulty. + + * * * * * + +The Soudan campaign has also been brought to a close. + +The English people are also indignant about this. + +They think that the Government ought not to have allowed such a good +opportunity for punishing the Mahdists to slip through its fingers. + +With a little more perseverance, the lower Soudan would have been opened +up to the world and Gordon avenged. + +As it was, no decisive battle was fought; the Mahdists, under Osman +Digna, steadily retreated before the advance of the British. + +After the brilliant reconnoitring trip to Khartoum, and the shelling of +the city by the two little gunboats, it was expected that something +decisive was about to be done. But no advance has been made by the main +army, and now it is positively stated that no further steps will be +taken until January. + +People are wondering why the soldiers were sent to the Soudan, if they +are only to camp on the banks of the Nile and contemplate the Mahdists +from a distance. + +After building their railroad, and making such excellent preparations +for a brilliant campaign, it seems astonishing that the troops should be +allowed to sit down and wait, without striking a blow. + +It is, however, rumored that the English Government does not wish to +spend more money pushing the campaign further, and that more troops are +needed to bring the campaign to a successful termination. + +Whatever the reason, nothing more is likely to be done in the Soudan for +the present. + + * * * * * + +The committee which was appointed to find out just how much it would +cost to make armor-plate, has sent in a report which will be presented +to Congress at the earliest opportunity. + +It appears that it will cost over three and a half million dollars to +build an armor-plate factory capable of making the amount of armor +required by the Government. + +It has not yet been decided whether the factory shall be built, but the +Secretary of the Navy is going to advertise for offers to build it so +that he can lay the whole matter before Congress at one time. + +The Carnegie and Bethlehem steel companies have not been idle while the +Government has been making its inquiries. + +Krupp, the German gun-maker, has recently invented a process for +manufacturing armor-plate which is said to make a plate that is still +more durable and better than that manufactured by the Harvey process. + +The Carnegie and Bethlehem companies no sooner heard of the Krupp +process, than they sent experts to examine it, and finding it to be all +that was represented, they purchased the sole right to use the process +in this country. + +The Government, of course, wants the best possible armor for its ships, +and if the Krupp is the best, they must have Krupp armor-plate. + +The cleverness of these two firms has, however, made it impossible for +the Government to manufacture this kind of armor for itself. If it is to +be used, it must be bought from the Carnegie or Bethlehem people. + +The Secretary of the Navy does not approve of the Government spending so +much money in building a factory of its own. It is said that when he +lays the matter before Congress, he will recommend that the armor be +bought of the Carnegie or Bethlehem firms. + +It is stated that he expects to get the armor for $425 a ton. + +The Carnegie Company are, however, masters of the situation. With the +Bethlehem works, they own the right to manufacture this new and +excellent armor, and if the Government must have it for its ships, the +company will ask what price they please. Their excuse will no doubt be +that they have had to pay so much money for the right that they are +obliged to make the price high. + + G.H. ROSENFELD. + + + + +WANTED--A RECIPE FOR A BOOK. + + +Your editor had an interesting talk a few days ago with one of our +best-known naturalists, who said: "Boys and girls are the keenest +observers, if they are interested in anything. We naturalists get much +of our most valuable information through their quick eyes and minds." + +"And," he added, "the more they see, the more they want to see and know, +and they are constantly coming to me for facts, asking me why I do not +write good books." + +"Well, why don't you?" + +"I'll tell you why. It is because I want to write a book which will tell +them _just_ what they want to know, and I do not know what our boys and +girls are interested in. If I write about pets, what kind of pets are +they most interested in--dogs or cats, horses or birds, squirrels or +fishes? If I write about wild animals, must it be about their homes and +what they do, or about the best ways to hunt and trap them? Then, again, +I am not sure if they are not more interested in hunting for beautiful +and curious things on the seashore--shells, crabs, sea-anemones, and +such things." + +Your editor believes in asking the boys and girls to say for themselves +what they want, and then to give that to them in the best possible way. +Therefore he answered: "Ask the boys and girls what they want. Do not +ask one or two, but just ask one or two thousand, and give them just +what they ask for--no more and no less." As he cannot write a letter to +you all, will you not, each one of you, write a letter addressed to +"Naturalist, care of Editor of GREAT ROUND WORLD, 5 West 18th Street," +and in this letter say just what you would like: a book about birds, +pets, bees, wild animals, shells, fishes, or snakes--for he knows all +about these things, and can write a book on any or all of these +subjects, or, indeed, anything that has to do with woods, fields, or +ocean, and the wonderful and interesting things found in them. We hope +that our promise to this naturalist, that our boys and girls can and +will tell him what he wants to know, will not lead to a disappointment. + + + + +INVENTION AND DISCOVERY. + + +[Illustration] + +If any of our boys and girls have found their bicycle saddles as +uncomfortable as your editor has found his, they will be delighted to +learn that there is to be had a sensible as well as most comfortable +saddle. The pleasure of riding your wheel for miles without feeling your +saddle can only be appreciated by those who happen to have a saddle +which fits; the great trouble is that very few people fit the average +saddle; and as the saddle cannot be adjusted, perfect comfort is not +obtainable. With this new saddle the case is different, for it can be +adjusted to fit a large or small person exactly. It also has a +contrivance which permits the parts to move up and down so that there is +no friction whatever. Our attention was called to it by one of the +officers of the navy, who has proved himself an expert in wheel +contrivances, and a careful test bears out all of his statements. The +saddle is well made and inexpensive ($3.50). + + + + +BOOKS RECEIVED. + + +We have received a very attractive little book called "Uncle Robert's +Visit," which is the third part of the series of books called "Uncle +Robert's Geography." It is published by the Messrs. Appleton in their +series of Home-Reading Books, and presents nature study and geographical +knowledge in the most attractive form, being woven in a story of "Uncle +Robert's Visit" to the farm. This particular uncle, like some others we +have known, was a fund of information and a source of delight to the +nephews and nieces. He went about with them in the fields and woods, +and, without forcing it on them in any way, so ordered the conversation +that they learned much of nature on each trip. These uncles are +treasures, and to those who cannot have them always with them, to read +of some one else's uncle in this attractive form is charming. + +The book is well made, a handy size, with a colored frontispiece showing +the farmhouse; it is illustrated throughout in a practical way which +cannot fail to interest children. + +("Uncle Robert's Visit," Home Reading Books: D. Appleton & Co., 1897; 50 +cents.) + + * * * * * + +We wish to acknowledge the receipt of a new and illustrated edition of +the old favorite, "Gypsy Year at the Golden Crescent," by Elizabeth +Stuart Phelps, illustrated by Mary Fairman Clarke. + +(Dodd, Mead & Co., $1.50.) + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 58, December 16, 1897, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD *** + +***** This file should be named 16475.txt or 16475.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/4/7/16475/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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