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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/15918-8.txt b/15918-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6ad9bdc --- /dev/null +++ b/15918-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1536 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On +In It, Vol. 1, No. 41, August 19, 1897, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 41, August 19, 1897 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop + +Release Date: May 27, 2005 [EBook #15918] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + + + + + +_FIVE CENTS._ + +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD +AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT + + Vol. 1 AUGUST 19, 1897 No. 41. +[Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second class matter] + +[Illustration: A +WEEKLY +NEWSPAPER +FOR +BOYS AND +GIRLS] + +Subscription +$2.50 per year +$1.25 6 months + + + WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON. PUBLISHER + NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY + +=Copyright, 1897, by WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON.= + + * * * * * + +...PREMIUMS... + + * * * * * + +TO ANY ONE SENDING US 4 NEW SUBSCRIBERS + +[Illustration: A Pocket Kodak + + Measures 2-1/4 x 2-7/8 x 3-7/8 inches, makes a picture 1-1/2 x 2 + inches, and weighs only 5 ounces. Delivered ready for 12 exposures + without reloading.] + +The Lens is of the fixed focus type, and of sufficient length of focus +(2-1/2 inches) to avoid distortion. + +Has improved rotary shutter and set of three stops for lens. The slides +for changing stops and for time exposures are alongside of the exposure +lever and always show by their position what stop is before the lens and +whether the shutter is set for time or instantaneous exposures, thus +acting as a warning. + +In the _quality_ of the work they will do, Pocket Kodaks equal the best +cameras on the market. They make negatives of such perfect quality that +enlargements of any size can be made from them. + +The Pocket Kodaks are covered with fine leather, and the trimmings are +handsomely finished and lacquered. They are elegant, artistic, and +durable. + +=For one more subscription we will send with this camera a bicycle +carrying-case= + + * * * * * + +TO ANY ONE SENDING US 9 NEW SUBSCRIBERS + +[Illustration: An Improved + =No. 4= + Bulls-Eye + + For pictures 4x5 inches; delivered ready for 12 exposures without + reloading. Size of camera, 4-7/8 x 5-7/8 x 9-1/4 inches; weight 2 + pounds 2 ounces; length of focus of lens, 6-1/4 inches.] + +Fitted with an achromatic lens of superior quality, having a set of +three stops; has two finders, one for vertical and one for horizontal +exposures; and is also provided with two sockets for tripod screws, one +for vertical and one for horizontal exposures. Fitted with improved +rotary shutter, for snap-shots or time exposures. Can be loaded in +daylight. Handsomely finished and covered with leather. + +=Both of the above cameras are manufactured by the Eastman Kodak Co., +Rochester, N.Y., and this is a guarantee of their worth= + + =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD= + =3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY= + + * * * * * + + at.... + =SCHOOL BOOKS= Wholesale + Prices.... + + POSTPAID TO ANY ADDRESS + + [Illustration: Divider] + + =SCHOOL BOOKS= + + TAKEN + IN EXCHANGE + + =For Other Books....= + =For Great Round World= + =For Cash....= + + [Illustration: Divider] + +WHY not dispose of those books that you consider valueless? There are +thousands of boys and girls all over the country who cannot pay the +price of new books and can use those you no longer want. + + =---- SEND A LIST TO---- = + + =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON= + =_3 and 5 West 18th Street New York City_= + + * * * * * + +Do you Cover your Books? + + THE "ONE PIECE" + ADJUSTABLE BOOK COVERS + +are made of the strongest and best book-cover paper obtainable. This paper +is made in large quantities especially for these book covers and will +protect books perfectly. The book covers themselves are a marvel of +ingenuity, and, although they are in one piece and can be adjusted to fit +perfectly any sized book without cutting the paper, they are also so +simple that any boy or girl can use them; as they are already gummed they +are always ready for use. + +A sample dozen will be mailed to any address for 20 cents (or ten two-cent +stamps) if you write + + WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON + 3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City + + * * * * * + + +[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND +WORLD +AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.] + + VOL. 1 AUGUST 19, 1897. NO. 41 + +The stories from the Klondike fields seem to grow more wonderful day by +day. + +The first accounts have not only been verified, but surpassed by the +later news. Four million dollars' worth of gold is said to be waiting +shipment at St. Michael's, Alaska, and miners at the Klondike say that +fifty millions more will be taken out next season. + +Men who went out poor a year ago are now returning with fortunes. Two +miners found $10,000 worth of gold in twenty days. + +One man who has just come back bringing $180,000 worth with him gave a +reception at his hotel in San Francisco, and invited all who cared for +the sight to come and see the nuggets he had brought. + +It is said to have been the largest exhibit of gold since the famous +times of '49. He had scores of nuggets as large as a man's thumb, but +the feature of the collection was one about the shape and size of a +full-grown potato. This nugget was said to be worth $250. Those who have +seen the Alaska gold say it is very bright, and brassy in color, but not +as fine in quality as the California gold. + +The stories of these enormous fortunes have set the Californian and +Northwestern towns in a fever of excitement. A tremendous rush is being +made for the Klondike. Men are leaving good employment and hurrying off +to the gold-fields. Professional men (lawyers and doctors), business +men, merchants, clerks, and laborers are all joining in the mad rush for +the land of gold. + +The excitement is as great as it was in '49, but the terrible +experiences of that year have now become ancient history, and the +gold-seekers have to learn the sad lesson anew. It looks as if this land +of gold would, like California in '49, become a land of death. + +When the gold fever reached the Eastern States in the spring of '49, +there was just the same mad rush for California that is now being made +for the Klondike. + +The emigrants had in those days to cross the prairies in wagons. None of +them understood the rigors of the journey they had to undertake, and +many fell by the wayside and died before the promised land was reached. +After a while the track across this great American desert was marked by +the skeletons of oxen and horses, and boxes and barrels which people had +thrown out of their wagons to lighten the load of their poor weary +beasts, to enable them to reach water and shade. Here and there a rough +mound would mark where some poor soul had been unable to bear the +sufferings and had given up his life. + +Thousands died in the awful trip across the continent, and thousands +more, who thought to make an easier journey by sea, died of fevers +contracted in crossing the unhealthy Isthmus of Panama, the strip of +land that divides North and South America, separating the Atlantic from +the Pacific Ocean. + +The historian Bancroft says that while between four and five hundred +millions of gold were obtained in the seven years following the find in +'49, the gold cost, in human life and labor, three times what it was +actually worth. + +A few of the Forty-niners gained the riches they sought, but the greater +part of the gold-seekers barely made a living by the most exhausting +toil. + +[Illustration: FORTY-NINERS CROSSING THE PLAINS.] + +As regards the Klondike, all the miners who have returned declare that +the life is so hard that only the very healthy can stand it. In spite of +this warning, weak and delicate men, and men who have lived in luxury +all their lives, are setting their faces toward the north, to undertake +a life of untiring labor and privation, in the intense cold of an Arctic +region in winter, and the most extreme heat in the three short months of +summer. + +During this latter season the sun does not set till 10.30, and rises +again at 3 A.M. There is no darkness, midnight being almost as light as +midday. During the hot months all kinds of insects pester the +inhabitants. The horseflies and mosquitoes swarm in such numbers that +the rigors of winter are considered preferable to the warmth of summer. + +In addition to the horrors of the climate, there is no real supply of +food obtainable from the Klondike region. There is practically no +farming done, and so no crops to amount to anything are raised. +Practically all the food used at the gold-fields must be carried there +by the miners, and the method of travel is such that it is impossible +for one man to carry all the food he will need until the open season +comes round again, and he can secure fresh provisions. + +When the winter once sets in in the Klondike country the people are +completely shut off from the rest of the world, the only way to reach +civilization being by a long and exhausting journey on snowshoes over +mountains and through fearful gorges, through which it would be +impossible to carry baggage. The only communication with the outer world +is through the mail, which reaches the district twice during the winter, +the mail-carriers being mountaineers who understand how to travel these +Arctic mountains over glaciers and snowy peaks. + +The returning miners have all told the same story of the journey and the +lack of provisions, but, in spite of this, crowds of men are hurrying +into this country which is already on the verge of famine. Those who +have taken food with them are unable to get it carried to its +destination, and it is said that the road is now blocked with it. The +only means of transportation is by Indians on mule-back; the mules are +very scarce, and the Indians only work when they feel like it. The +chances are that many men will be starving in the Klondike this winter, +while barrels and boxes of food will be piled mountain-high at the last +station, waiting to be carried through the long succession of waterways +and portages. A portage is a place between lakes and rivers where the +waters become so shallow or rapid that they cannot be navigated, and the +boats have to be lifted ashore and carried overland until it is possible +to take to the water again. + +[Illustration: CROSSING THE CHILKOOT PASS] + +The word Klondike is said to be a mispronunciation of the Indian words +"thron dak" or "duick," which means "plenty of fish," from the fact +that the Klondike is a famous salmon stream. The river is marked +"Tondak" on the Canadian maps. + +In the Klondike district are a number of rivers flowing eastward from +the Yukon. In all of these gold has been found. The Stewart River, which +lies south of the Klondike, has been found to be as rich in gold as the +Klondike, and it is confidently asserted that the Alaskan side of this +region is as rich in gold as the British Columbian. + +But, so far, all the gold-fields have been located in British Columbia, +and the great rush for them has been from the United States. + +The Canadians do not like this, and feel that it is not fair that Canada +should be making nothing out of these fabulous finds. + +There is very little redress for her, however. Americans have taken up +the greater part of the claims in the Yukon district, and have been +careful to comply with the very strict laws which Canada has laid down +to govern mining claims. She can therefore make no objections on that +score, but she is determined to get some share of the new riches. + +At the present time the Americans are taking their goods into the new +country free of duty, and are making what purchases they need in Alaskan +towns. + +Prominent men in Canada are demanding that custom officials shall be +placed at all the Canadian mountain passes. + +It is expected that the taxing of the Americans will produce a large +income for the Government. One Canadian firm has offered $50,000 for the +privilege of collecting the customs for ten years. + +A cry has gone up that imposing duties on the miners will make their lot +still harder than it is at present, but this will not be heeded. Men who +start out expecting to make a large fortune in a few months ought to be +willing to pay handsomely for the privilege. + +Besides establishing custom-houses, the Canadian Government is seriously +discussing the idea of making foreign miners pay a heavy royalty for the +right to work in the mines. + +There was some talk of excluding aliens--that is, all who are not +British subjects--from working on the gold-fields, and thus keeping the +Canadian find for Canadians. + +You remember the Kootenai matter (see page 850), and how the Canadian +Government made it impossible for aliens to take up claims, and insisted +that all mine owners must give up their citizenship in other countries +and become British subjects. There was some talk of doing the same thing +at Klondike, but it was thought that such a course would make a great +deal of trouble, and that it would be much simpler to force each man to +pay a certain sum of money (fifty dollars a day has been suggested) for +his right to work in the gold-fields. + +It is strange how the search for gold brings envy, hatred, malice, and +all uncharitableness in its train. + +No sooner was gold discovered than Canada began to fret because America +was profiting by it, and America began to fume because Canada wanted to +make her profit out of the great find. + +Ugly threats were made of what the American miners would do if Canada +tried to make things hard for them. In consequence the Secretary of War +has been asked to establish a military post on the route to the +gold-fields in Alaska, to protect the American miners if Canada +interferes unreasonably with them. + + * * * * * + +This seems to be a great year for the finding of gold. + +A discovery has just been made in Trinity County, Cal., which leads +people to hope that the mother lode of the Californian gold-fields has +been found. + +This main lode had been lost sight of north of El Dorado County, but its +reappearance in Trinity has caused a great deal of excitement and turned +many gold-seekers thither, in preference to the frozen Klondike region. +The first discovery of gold in California was made in what is now El +Dorado County, and it was in consequence of the gold find that the +county got its name. + +El Dorado was the name of a mythical king, about whom the most +astonishing stories were told. He was supposed to be lord of a country +where gold was as plentiful as dust. It was in search of these golden +lands that many of the famous discoverers undertook their voyages. + +The conquest and settlement of New Granada (now the Republic of +Colombia), the discovery of the Amazon and Orinoco rivers, of the great +forests of the Andes, and of the mountainous regions of Venezuela, were +all due to the quest for El Dorado. + +This king, according to the tradition, dwelt in a city called Manoa, +built on a lake called Parima. This city was supposed to be somewhere in +the northern part of South America, and it was confidently asserted that +its streets were paved with gold. + +As the story has it, the wealth of this country was so great that the +people wore gold for clothes, it being their custom to smear their +bodies with oil of balsam, and then sprinkle themselves with gold-dust, +till they looked like gilded statues. + +To the people of the Old World it seemed that a country which could +afford to dress its inhabitants in this fashion must be well worth +finding, and so the old navigators were always trying to find it. + +Of course they never did, but the source of the legend of El Dorado has +been traced to the yearly ceremony of an Indian tribe near Bogota, in +the Republic of Colombia. + +The Spaniards declared that it was part of the religious duty of this +tribe to have their chief bathed once a year in a certain lake which was +sacred to them. + +Great preparations were made for this ceremony. The body of the chief +was first smeared with gold-dust and oil of balsam, and, a handful of +gold and precious stones was given to him. He then advanced to the +shores of the lake, and amid the prayers and chants of his tribe, first +cast the gold and jewels into the water, and then plunged in himself. + +This ceremony was supposed to bring his people good luck for the coming +year. + +The Spaniards who conquered New Granada, or the Republic of +Colombia, declared this story to be strictly true, but as none of them +had ever witnessed the ceremony, it is supposed to be merely another +form of the El Dorado legend. + + * * * * * + +In British India there is a fresh uprising which appears to be of a very +serious character. + +A body of tribesmen attacked a camp in the Chitral District, killing +some of the British soldiers, and severely wounding others. + +Chitral is on the northeast border of India, where it joins Afghanistan. + +The tribes in this portion of the Empire have always given the English a +great deal of trouble. They are very bold, and good fighters. + +The country they inhabit is very mountainous, and they have one mode of +warfare which makes them a very ugly foe to attack. They throw down +rocks on an invading force, and long practice has made them so expert in +this art that they are most formidable. When once they have taken to +their mountain fastnesses, soldiers do not like the task of pursuing and +punishing them. + +The present outbreak was totally unexpected. The Swats, as the people of +this region are called, appeared to be perfectly contented under British +rule. Industry had been encouraged among them, trade developed, and they +seemed a very peaceful and prosperous people. + +Suddenly, without any warning, the whole population rose against the +British. + +The Swats had intended to attack Camp Malakand unawares, and massacre +the soldiers, but through the kindness of a friendly native a warning +was given. Preparations were quickly made for defence, messengers sent +off to ask for re-enforcements, and the soldiers were able to repulse +the enemy when the attack was made. + +Six thousand Swats were said to be in arms against the British. + +The Government at once despatched a large force of soldiers to relieve +the little camp. + +On their arrival the enemy was soon routed, the cavalry chasing them +back toward the hills. All danger was supposed to be over, when word was +brought that the natives had re-formed, and were preparing to attack a +fort in the neighborhood, called Fort Chakdara. + +Leaving a few men at the camp to defend it, the commander of the relief +column started for Chakdara. + +They arrived only just in time. The Swats had laid siege to the fort, +and the little garrison in it were despairing, when, from the hills, +they saw the lights flashed by a heliograph, and learned by this means +that help was coming. The heliograph is an instrument for signalling by +means of flashes of light reflected from mirrors. + +When the relief party reached Chakdara, they had a severe fight with the +Swats, but they at length routed the tribesmen. + +The situation is growing more serious. + + * * * * * + +News has just arrived that Great Britain has taken possession of one of +the smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, which is claimed by the +Hawaiian Government. + +This island is known as Palmyra Island, and is situated about a thousand +miles to the southward of Hawaii. The Hawaiian Government claims that it +is one of the dependencies of the Sandwich Island group. + +It was discovered by Captain Cook, the famous navigator who explored the +Pacific Ocean in 1768, and secured Australia and New Zealand for the +British. + +It has long been marked on the maps as a British possession, but it +appears that it was occupied years ago by Hawaiians, who raised the +Hawaiian flag over it, and claimed it for their Government. + +The action of Great Britain in claiming the island at this time is +considered of the highest importance, as it is feared that it may have +been claimed merely for the sake of complicating Hawaiian matters, and +preventing annexation. + +Our Government will look very closely into the rights of the affair, and +insist upon their being respected. + +The State Department will gather all information possible in regard to +Palmyra Island. Should it be found that Hawaii's claims are good, our +minister in the Sandwich Islands will be instructed to ask the +Government there to protest against the action of Great Britain. The +United States will then uphold this protest, and the officials believe +that it will result in the removal of the British flag from the island. + +An American guano company located on Palmyra Island some years ago, +building sheds and a wharf, but after the guano deposit was exhausted +they abandoned the island. It was at one time known as Americus Island. + + * * * * * + +A despatch from Japan says that the Government has decided to submit the +Hawaiian emigrant question to arbitration. + +It is also stated that Japan will endeavor to prevent the annexation by +every means in her power, but that she will not resort to hostile +measures. + +The friends of arbitration are very pleased at the news about the +Japanese emigrant question. + +Arbitration seems to have been making rapid strides lately. Every one is +satisfied with the settlement of the Venezuelan difficulties, and now +Spain and Peru have entered upon a new treaty based upon similar +grounds. + +In this last treaty all differences are to be laid before a +disinterested country for settlement, and the decision of that country +is to be final. + +There is a curious clause in this treaty which relates to the frequent +revolutions which occur in the South American republics. + +This clause states that the claims of Spanish residents for damage done +their property during these disturbances shall be placed on the same +footing as those of the Peruvians. Formerly there were diplomatic +squabbles and troubles like the Ruiz affair, after every revolution, but +under the new treaty all this will be avoided. + +There are still rumors of a new arbitration treaty between England and +the United States. It is probable that the question may be raised again +at the next session of Congress. + + * * * * * + +Affairs are progressing peacefully in Turkey. + +The ambassadors have presented the Sultan with a rough draft of the +treaty. It provides that Europe shall arbitrate any difficulties that +may arise between Turkey and Greece over the details of the arrangement. + +So far the ambassadors and Turkish officials are on the best of terms, +and meet with the utmost friendliness. + +But despite this fact, the peace is not yet concluded. + +Germany has made a fresh difficulty by insisting that the Powers shall +control the money matters of Greece until the war indemnity has been +paid. + +The Sultan has persisted in his refusal to give up Thessaly until this +money has been paid, and to meet this objection the German Kaiser +proposes to take charge of Greece's pocketbook and see that she settles +her debts. + +Greece has something to say on this subject, however. Her ministers will +not hear of any such arrangement, and it was rumored that King George +would abdicate if Germany's plan was carried out. + +In addition to this, there is a likelihood of fresh trouble in Crete. + +Turkey has been trying to send fresh troops to the island to re-enforce +her present army. The admirals of the allied fleets have sternly +objected to any such proceeding, and, learning that the Turkish troops +are on their way, have refused to allow them to land, threatening to use +force to prevent them, if necessary. + + * * * * * + +It is now openly stated in Havana that General Weyler is to leave Cuba +as soon as it has been definitely settled what leader is to take his +place. + +Having failed in all his attempts to pacify the island, General Weyler +was seized with a great idea the other day. He decided to meet Gomez and +discuss the making of peace on the terms of Home Rule for Cuba. + +General Weyler has frequently tried to obtain an interview with Gomez, +but has not been successful. Since the killing of Maceo the Cuban +leaders have been very careful how they trusted themselves in the hands +of their treacherous foe. + +On this occasion General Weyler sent his messenger to Gomez, with a very +polite request. + +Gomez, however, wasted neither time nor politeness over his reply. + +"Tell your general," he said to the messenger, "that I do not consider +him a man of honor, and that he has lowered himself too deeply to be on +a level where he can confer with me." + +The insurgents are in great numbers around Havana, and are making +constant attacks on the suburbs of that city. + +Their force is now so strong that no one can leave the city by land, and +no provisions can be brought into it. + +It was decided that an army should be led against the besiegers, and +General Weyler (having been commanded to do so from Madrid) decided to +lead this army himself. + +He found himself so hemmed in by insurgents that he was unable to leave +the city except by boat, as all the roads are now in the hands of the +Cubans. + + * * * * * + +The results of the military bicycle trial on Long Island were most +satisfactory. + +The company started out with thirty-two men, and arrived home with +twenty-eight, three having been sent back on business, the fourth man +being the only one whose wheel was too badly damaged to be ridden. + +The company travelled three hundred and ninety-eight out of the five +hundred miles planned. The rest of the distance could not be made on +account of the dreadful weather. + +It rained every day of the trip, and the soldiers had to contend with +muddy roads from start to finish. + +In spite of these drawbacks the expedition was a complete success, and +it is said that it will prove of the greatest value from a military +standpoint. + +The bicycle ambulance had to be abandoned on the second day out, as it +was unsuited to the heavy roads over which the troop had to travel. + +The accidents to the wheels were: ten rims broken, seven tires +punctured, twenty spokes, two bearings, a handle-bar, and a pedal +broken. + +Happily there were two bicycle machinists in the party and they were +able to make the necessary repairs, so that all the wheels were usable +throughout the entire trip except one, which was so badly broken that +the rider had to leave the company. + +Captain Lyon, who was in command, says that it has been shown that the +bicycle can be of great service in military operations. He says that +under the very worst conditions a wheel can accomplish much more than a +horse. + +He thinks that the weight carried on the machine has very little to do +with its endurance, but at the same time in future trips would recommend +that a carbine be carried instead of the musket, which he considers too +heavy and cumbersome to carry on a wheel. + +An effort was made to send a despatch by one of the troopers from +Jamaica, L.I., to the camp at Peekskill in seven hours, a distance of +one hundred miles. + +Private Walter Dixon was chosen for the service and started out at seven +o'clock in the morning. + +He did not reach the State camp till six in the evening, owing to +mishaps. He was thrown from his wheel and stunned during his journey, +and lost a long time while recovering. His actual time in the saddle was +eight hours. + +This was considered the most important event of the trip. + +In war time the carrying of despatches is one of the most essential +duties, and much depends on the promptness of their delivery. To be able +to send a despatch a hundred miles in eight hours means a revolution in +modern warfare. + +The weather and the mosquitoes combined in an effort to make the trip as +difficult as possible. When the men arrived in New York they were tired, +grimy, mud-stained, and punctured with mosquito bites, but very happy +over the success they had had. + +They never once sought shelter in hotels, but, rain or no rain, camped +out as they had intended to. + +Another trial of the bicycle has been made in the West, and it has again +come off with flying colors. + +The Twenty-Fifth United States Infantry Bicycle Corps has just completed +a two-thousand-mile ride from Fort Missoula, Montana, to St. Louis. The +trip took forty days. + +The riders and wheels stood the journey remarkably well, and the +lieutenant in command considered the trip a great success. + + * * * * * + +The constant rain that we have had for the last few weeks has called to +mind a very curious old superstition which will amuse and interest you. + +There is an ancient English rhyme which runs: + + "St. Swithin's Day, if then doth rain, + For forty days it will remain; + St. Swithin's Day, if then be fair, + For forty days 'twill rain nae mair!" + +The history of the origin of this legend has been handed down to us +through the chronicles of William of Malmesbury. + +In the early days, before printing was invented, the records were kept +by the monks in the monasteries. + +The monks were, indeed, the only people who understood how to read and +write. + +The records were written by them on parchment or vellum. The margin of +every sheet was very wide, and beautiful designs were often painted +thereon The first letter of a new paragraph was always beautifully +illuminated, as this method of decoration was called. + +These ancient manuscripts have afforded us much of our knowledge of the +world's history. + +William of Malmesbury, to whose patient care we are indebted for the +story of St. Swithin, was a monk in the monastery of Malmesbury, a town +in England, about fifty miles from Stratford-on-Avon where Shakespeare +was born. It is situated on the Lower Avon, a branch of the same river +which flows through Stratford. + +William was librarian of the monastery of Malmesbury, and was also a +noted historian. He was born in 1095, and died in 1142. + +His "History of the English Kings" and "Modern History" have formed the +foundation of the later histories of England that have been written. + +William also wrote several other books telling the history of his +church, and it is in one of these that the story of St. Swithin is +found. + +In those days the people were very superstitious, and believed in signs +and wonders, and frightened themselves silly with every strange noise or +unusual occurrence, for everything that occurred was supposed to be a +sign that something was going to happen. + +According to the record of William of Malmesbury, Swithin was a great +scholar in his day, and was chosen by King Ethelwulf as the tutor of his +son Alfred. This was the Alfred who afterward became Alfred the Great. +He was the king who was scolded by the old woman for burning the cakes. + +When Alfred came to the throne he made his old tutor bishop of +Winchester, and Swithin became a very great man indeed. + +In spite of his greatness he was a very modest man, and did not care for +pomp or show. + +When he died he left strict instructions to the monks of Winchester, +that he was to be buried in a "vile and unworthy place," outside the +monastery. + +The monks obeyed his wishes. + +The fame and piety of this good man lived after him, and when many years +had passed, and the memory of his dying wishes had grown fainter, the +monks determined to adopt the good Swithin as their patron saint, and +give him a magnificent resting-place inside the cathedral. + +Some of the older monks protested, but their objections were overruled, +and a day was set apart for transferring the good man's bones to their +new resting-place. + +According to William of Malmesbury this act was performed on July 15th, +and St. Swithin's bones were no sooner lifted from their humble +resting-place than the most awful storm of rain that England had ever +known burst over the country. For forty days it rained without ceasing, +until another flood was feared. + +The monks were terribly frightened, and expressed great sorrow for the +mischief they had done, but they did not give up their prize. The bones +of St. Swithin were kept in Winchester Cathedral, rain or no rain. + +Ever since then, according to the same chronicler, if it rained on the +15th of July, or St. Swithin's day, it was sure to rain every day for +forty days. + + * * * * * + +A new postal regulation has just come into use. + +It is at present only in force in thirty-six of our principal cities, +but if found to be as satisfactory as it is expected to be, will be used +all over the country where there is a free delivery of mail. + +This new plan provides for a house-to-house collection, as well as +delivery of mail, and also for the sale of stamps by letter-carriers. + +This is accomplished through the use of a combination letter-box, with +which each householder is supposed to supply himself. + +The box is to be placed where the postman can easily have access to it +without whistling or ringing bells. Instead he will unlock the mail-box, +take from it all the letters that want mailing, and put in their place +those which he has to deliver. + +It will be a very pleasant thing to be able to post letters without +going off our own doorsteps, but this is only half of the comfort which +the new box is going to be to us. + +In each post-box will be a special envelope containing blanks, on which +the householder can order one and two cent stamps and postal-cards, +putting the money to pay for them into the envelope with his order. + +The postman collects this envelope with the regular mail, and hands it +to a special clerk, who takes out the money, fills the order, and drops +the envelope in the mail for the postman to deliver on his next round. + +Unstamped letters can also be posted in this very delightful box, and +special delivery stamps can be secured by stating on the blank the +number of letters that are to be stamped, and enclosing the money for +the same in the special envelope. + +All unstamped matter is turned over to the clerk who has charge of the +envelope department. He buys the stamps, sticks them on, and despatches +the letters. + +This service is only rendered to people who buy their own boxes. + +The post-office does not undertake to furnish them, but only to give +good service with them when they are purchased. + + * * * * * + +A wonderful feat of swimming has just been performed in England. + +A man named McNally, a champion swimmer, and a native of Boston, Mass., +has attempted to swim across the English Channel from Dover, England, +to Calais, France, a distance of thirty-five miles. + +This body of water is the most uncertain and the roughest of seas. + +Many people who are fine sailors and have made many voyages to Europe +say they would rather cross the Atlantic than the English Channel. + +The reason for this is that the vast body of water which forms the North +Sea, in forcing its way between the narrow straits of Dover, is driven +into short cross-waves and currents, which make the sea always choppy +and rough. + +Many swimmers have made the attempt to swim this Channel before, among +them Boyton, and Captain Webb who lost his life in an attempt to swim +the Niagara Rapids. + +No one has so far achieved success. + +McNally succeeded in reaching within three miles of the French coast, +but he was then so exhausted that he had to be pulled into the boat and +give up the attempt. + +He had announced that he would swim the Channel, and had been some days +in Dover, swimming over a part of the course, and getting himself in +training for the final effort. + +He started from the Dover pier, followed by a row-boat in which were two +sailors, a newspaper man, and his trainer. + +When he started out he had no intention of taking the swim. He merely +went out for exercise. The weather was so foggy that his companions +urged him to turn back and exercise later in the day. + +He, however, kept on, and when he was about six miles from the shore +the fog lifted, and wind and tide all being in his favor, he determined +to make the trial then and there. + +He was in the water fifteen and a half hours, and swam steadily all the +time at the rate of about a mile and a half an hour. + +Swimmers will be interested to know that McNally used the breast stroke +continually, only occasionally changing to a side stroke for relief. + +He never swam on his back. He says that this method of swimming +interferes with the muscles, and gets them out of condition for resuming +the breast stroke. + +Swimmers as a rule seek rest and relief by turning on their backs, so +the opinion of an expert on such a subject is well worth having. + +Apart from the interest we all feel in great feats of strength and +endurance, such an attempt as that made by McNally is valuable to us, as +it shows us the length of time it is possible for a swimmer to remain in +the water without becoming exhausted. + +Swimming is an accomplishment that every boy and girl should acquire, +and the knowledge that if a swimmer keeps cool, and has his wits about +him, he can remain in the water for a considerable period without danger +of drowning, should be taken to heart by every lad and lass who +contemplates boating as a part of the summer's enjoyment. + + G.H. ROSENFELD. + + + + +INVENTION AND DISCOVERY + + +FRUIT-PICKER.--Fruit-picking is such an easy matter for boys that I +think it is the girls who will chiefly appreciate this contrivance. It +too often happens that there will be a very tall tree with fruit well +out of reach, and a girl at the foot of it who is not an expert climber. +Her mouth need no longer water in vain. This fruit-picker is very +ingenious. It consists of scoop-shaped jaws worked by cords and springs, +and mounted on a pole of suitable length. Attached to the jaws is a +long, funnel-shaped bag, which receives the fruit and allows it to drop +without injury right into the fruit-picker's hands. + +[Illustration: Fruit Picker] + +[Illustration: Safety-Brake] + +SAFETY-BRAKE FOR CHILDREN'S CARRIAGES.--So many accidents occur with +baby-carriages that this ought to be a great comfort to mothers, and a +great help to the "little mothers" who mind the babies. Children's +carriages are made so light that their weight is very slight, and a puff +of wind is often enough to set them in motion; and if they chance to be +on an uneven sidewalk they are likely to roll into the road among the +vehicles. This simple brake, which keeps the wheels from moving when the +handle is released, will render this impossible, and make it safe to +leave the carriage, baby and all, without the fear of harm coming to it. + +It seems as if the danger to the children attracted the attention of +more than one person at the same time, for other brakes also have been +brought to our notice, the same in intention, but differing in design. + +[Illustration: Garment Hanger and Stretcher] + +GARMENT HANGER AND STRETCHER.--This is a very simple and ingenious +arrangement to combine a garment hanger and stretcher. The two are made +in one, and consist of a single piece of wire bent backward on itself. +The ends are secured to a support which can be attached to the wall, and +at the other end of the double wire it is bent upward and downward, so +as to form a strong spring holding the two parallel parts closely +together. + +[Illustration: Combination Eraser] + +COMBINATION ERASER.--The combination eraser is a handy little tool, and +seems calculated to find its way to every writing-table. As its name +implies, we find combined in the one tool an eraser, a blade, and a +smoothing-tip fitted in the stem of the blade. Besides this, a brush can +be at will secured to an extension of the tip, thus bringing together +all the implements necessary for erasing. + +[Illustration: Corn-Holder] + +CORN-HOLDER.--Corn is never so sweet as when it is eaten off the cob, +and in spite of burned and greasy fingers too, most people prefer to +enjoy it in that way. This corn-holder will enable one to so enjoy it +without any such drawbacks. It consists of a pair of lever-arms which +work like scissors or shears. One end of each curves inwardly and has a +pointed end which will enter the corn. There is a chain below which will +keep them fixed in the necessary position for firmly holding it. + + + + +CORRESPONDENCE. + + + MR. WILLIAM B. HARISON. + + DEAR SIR: Pardon me for calling your attention to an error + in your valuable paper, THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, which has + many friends here. On page 1,036 you speak of the steamer + _Pewabic_ on Lake Michigan. This should read Lake Huron. The + wreck lays about twenty miles from Alpena. Some of the + readers thought this should be corrected. Hence I take the + liberty of this letter. + + Wishing you best success for the paper, I remain + + Yours truly, + H.H. WITTELSHOFER. + ALPENA, MICH., July 19th, 1897. + + +DEAR SIR: + +We acknowledge the receipt of your letter, with many thanks, and are +much obliged to you for calling our attention to the matter. EDITOR. + + * * * * * + + _To Any Subscriber Securing_ + + For Us =1= _NEW_ + _SUBSCRIPTION_ + + _We Will Send, Post-Paid, + A BOUND VOLUME OF ..._ + + =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD= + + _These volumes are neatly bound in cloth, with title stamped + on side and back, and make a neat library book, handy in + size and weight, and tasteful in appearance._ + + =PART I.= _contains_ + =NOVEMBER 11th, 1896 to FEBRUARY 18th, 1897= + + =PART II.= _contains_ + =FEBRUARY 25th, 1897 to JUNE 3d, 1897= + + ALBERT ROSS PARSONS, _President, American College of + Musicians,_ writes concerning his son, aged 10: "The bound + volume of the first fifteen numbers has remained his daily + mental food and amusement ever since it arrived. I thank you + for your great service both to our young people and to their + elders." + + * * * * * + + =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD= + =3 & 5 WEST 18TH STREET NEW YORK CITY= + + * * * * * + +Remember that text-books will +be taken in exchange for subscriptions +to + + =THE= .. .. + =GREAT ROUND WORLD= + + * * * * * + +=The Second Bound Volume= + +OF + +=THE GREAT ROUND WORLD= + +(Containing Nos. 16 to 30) + +=IS NOW READY= + + + Handsomely bound in strong cloth, with title on side and back. + Price, postage paid, $1.25. Subscribers may exchange their numbers + by sending them to us (express paid) with 35 cents to cover cost of + binding, and 10 cents for return carriage. + + Address +=_3 and 5 West 18th Street, · · · · · · New York City_= + + * * * * * + +TO ANY ONE SENDING US + + + =8= _NEW...._ + _SUBSCRIBERS_ + + WE WILL SEND A + + =JUNIOR RIFLE= + + 22 calibre, highly finished, with rebounding lock, case-hardened + frame, detachable barrel, automatic shell ejector. Weight 4-1/2 + pounds. + +[Illustration: Rifle] + + OR + + + =A "Shattuck New= + =Model" Shot=Gun= + + + Side-snap action, rebounding lock, walnut pistol-grip stock, patent + fore end, rubber butt, and pistol-grip cap, nickel frame, + choke-bored, twist-steel barrel. 12 or 16 gauge. + + =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD= + 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY + + * * * * * + +="The Great Round World" PRIZE CONTEST= + +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD is now over six months old, and it feels some +anxiety to know just how much interest its readers have taken in the +news and how much information they have gained from its pages. To +ascertain this, it has been decided to offer ten prizes for the best +answers to the following: + + =Name ten of the most important events that have been mentioned in + "The Great Round World" in the first 30 numbers, that is, up to + number of June 3d.= + + _In mentioning these events give briefly reasons for considering + them important._ + +This competition will be open to subscribers only, and any one desiring +to enter the competition must send to this office their name and the +date of their subscription; a number will then be given them. + +All new subscribers will be furnished with a card entitling them to +enter the competition. + +In making the selection of important events, remember that wars and +political events are not necessarily the most important. If, for +instance, the air-ship had turned out to be a genuine and successful +thing, it would have been most important as affecting the history of the +world. Or if by chance the telephone or telegraph had been invented in +this period, these inventions would have been _important_ events. + +Prizes will be awarded to those who make the best selection and who +mention the events in the best order of their importance. Answers may be +sent in any time before September 1st. + +The Great Round World does not want you to hurry over this contest, but +to take plenty of time and do the work carefully. It will be a pleasant +occupation for the summer months. + +We would advise you to take the magazines starting at No. 1, look them +over carefully, keep a note-book at your side, and jot down in it the +events that seem to you important; when you have finished them all, No. +1 to 30, look over your notes and select the ten events that seem to you +to be the most important, stating after each event your reason for +thinking it important. + +For instance: suppose you decide that the death of Dr. Ruiz was one of +these important events, you might say, "The killing of Dr. Ruiz in the +prison of Guanabacoa--because it brought the cruelties practised on +American citizens to the attention of our Government," etc., etc. + +In sending your answers put your number and the date only on them, for +the judges are not to know names and addresses of the contestants, that +there may be no favoritism shown. + +It is important to put date on, for if two or more are found of similar +standing, the one first received will be given preference. + +Address all letters to REVIEW PRIZE CONTEST DEPARTMENT, +GREAT ROUND WORLD, 3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City. + + _Write answer on one side of the paper only_ + =Prizes will be selections from the premium catalogue= + + No. 1. Premiums as given for 15 Subscriptions + No. 2. " " " " 12 " + No. 3. " " " " 10 " + No. 4. " " " " 9 " + No. 5. " " " " 8 " + No. 6. " " " " 7 " + No. 7. " " " " 5 " + No. 8. " " " " 5 " + No. 9. " " " " 5 " + No. 10. " " " " 5 " + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 41, August 19, 1897, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + +***** This file should be named 15918-8.txt or 15918-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/9/1/15918/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 41, August 19, 1897 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop + +Release Date: May 27, 2005 [EBook #15918] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + + +<div class="figcenter"><a href="./images/cover.png"><img src="./images/cover-tb.png" alt="Cover Illustration, Globe" title="Cover Illustration, Globe" /></a></div> +<div class='center'><b>Copyright, 1897, by <span class='smcap'>William Beverley Harison</span></b></div> + + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<h1>...PREMIUMS...</h1> + +<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/premiumsdiv.png" alt="divider" title="divider" /></div> + + +<h3>TO ANY ONE SENDING US 4 NEW SUBSCRIBERS</h3> + + +<h2>A Pocket Kodak</h2> + +<div class="figleft"><img src="./images/pocketkodak.png" alt="A Pocket Kodak" title="A Pocket Kodak" /></div> + +<p>Measures 2-1/4 x 2-7/8 x 3-7/8 inches, makes a picture 1-1/2 x 2 inches, +and weighs only 5 ounces. Delivered ready for 12 exposures without +reloading.</p> + +<p>The Lens is of the fixed focus type, and of sufficient length of focus +(2-1/2 inches) to avoid distortion.</p> + +<p>Has improved rotary shutter and set of three stops for lens. The slides +for changing stops and for time exposures are alongside of the exposure +lever and always show by their position what stop is before the lens and +whether the shutter is set for time or instantaneous exposures, thus +acting as a warning.</p> + +<p>In the <i>quality</i> of the work they will do, Pocket Kodaks equal the best +cameras on the market. They make negatives of such perfect quality that +enlargements of any size can be made from them.</p> + +<p>The Pocket Kodaks are covered with fine leather, and the trimmings are +handsomely finished and lacquered. They are elegant, artistic, and +durable.</p> + +<div class='center'><b>For one more subscription we will send with this camera a bicycle +carrying-case</b></div> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<h3>TO ANY ONE SENDING US 9 NEW SUBSCRIBERS</h3> + +<h2>An Improved</h2> +<h4>No. 4 </h4> +<h2>Bulls-Eye</h2> + +<div class="figright"><img src="./images/bullseye.png" alt="A Pocket Kodak" title="A Pocket Kodak" /></div> + +<p>For pictures 4x5 inches; delivered ready for 12 exposures without +reloading. Size of camera, 4-7/8 x 5-7/8 x 9-1/4 inches; weight 2 pounds +2 ounces; length of focus of lens, 6-1/4 inches.</p> + +<p>Fitted with an achromatic lens of superior quality, having a set of +three stops; has two finders, one for vertical and one for horizontal +exposures; and is also provided with two sockets for tripod screws, one +for vertical and one for horizontal exposures. Fitted with improved +rotary shutter, for snap-shots or time exposures. Can be loaded in +daylight. Handsomely finished and covered with leather.</p> + +<div class='center'><b>Both of the above cameras are manufactured by the Eastman Kodak Co., +Rochester, N.Y., and this is a guarantee of their worth</b></div> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<div class='center'> +<span class='smcap'><b>The Great Round World</b></span><br /> +<span class='smcap'><b>3 and 5 West 18th St.</b></span> <b>NEW YORK CITY</b><br /> +</div> + + +<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/schoolbooks.png" alt="School Books at Wholesale Prices" title="School Books at Wholesale Prices" /></div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2>SCHOOL BOOKS</h2> + +<div class='center'><b><big>TAKEN</big></b><br /> +<b><big>IN EXCHANGE</big></b></div> + +<div class="center"><span class="u"><b>For Other Books....</b></span><br /> +<span class="u"><b>For Great Round World</b></span><br /> +<span class="u"><b>For Cash....</b></span></div> + +<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/schoolbookexch.png" alt="Divider" title="Divider" /></div> + + +<p><span class="smcap"><big>Why</big></span> not dispose of those books that you consider valueless? +There are thousands of boys and girls all over the country who cannot +pay the price of new books and can use those you no longer want.</p> + +<p class="center"><b>—— <span class="smcap">send a list to</span>—— </b></p> + +<div class="center"><b><big>WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON</big></b><br /> +<b><i>3 and 5 West 18th Street New York City</i></b></div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/bookcover.png" alt="Do you Cover your Books?" title="Do you Cover your Books?" /></p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 22em;">THE "ONE PIECE"</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 22em;">ADJUSTABLE BOOK COVERS</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>are made of the strongest and best book-cover paper obtainable. This paper +is made in large quantities especially for these book covers and will +protect books perfectly. The book covers themselves are a marvel of +ingenuity, and, although they are in one piece and can be adjusted to fit +perfectly any sized book without cutting the paper, they are also so +simple that any boy or girl can use them; as they are already gummed they +are always ready for use.</p> + +<p>A sample dozen will be mailed to any address for 20 cents (or ten two-cent +stamps) if you write</p> + +<div class='center'> +<b>WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON</b><br /> +<b>3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City</b> +</div> + + +<p><a name="Page_1149" id="Page_1149"></a></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/title.png" alt="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" title="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" /></p> + +<div class='center'><b><span class='smcap'>Vol.</span> 1 <span class='smcap'>August</span> 19, 1897. <span class='smcap'>No.</span> 41</b></div> + + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + + +<p>The stories from the Klondike fields seem to grow more wonderful day by +day.</p> + +<p>The first accounts have not only been verified, but surpassed by the +later news. Four million dollars' worth of gold is said to be waiting +shipment at St. Michael's, Alaska, and miners at the Klondike say that +fifty millions more will be taken out next season.</p> + +<p>Men who went out poor a year ago are now returning with fortunes. Two +miners found $10,000 worth of gold in twenty days.</p> + +<p>One man who has just come back bringing $180,000 worth with him gave a +reception at his hotel in San Francisco, and invited all who cared for +the sight to come and see the nuggets he had brought.</p> + +<p>It is said to have been the largest exhibit of gold since the famous +times of '49. He had scores of nuggets as large as a man's thumb, but +the feature of the collection was one about the shape and size of a +full-grown potato. This nugget was said to be worth $250. Those who have +seen the Alaska gold say it is very bright, and brassy in color, but not +as fine in quality as the California gold.<a name="Page_1150" id="Page_1150"></a></p> + +<p>The stories of these enormous fortunes have set the Californian and +Northwestern towns in a fever of excitement. A tremendous rush is being +made for the Klondike. Men are leaving good employment and hurrying off +to the gold-fields. Professional men (lawyers and doctors), business +men, merchants, clerks, and laborers are all joining in the mad rush for +the land of gold.</p> + +<p>The excitement is as great as it was in '49, but the terrible +experiences of that year have now become ancient history, and the +gold-seekers have to learn the sad lesson anew. It looks as if this land +of gold would, like California in '49, become a land of death.</p> + +<p>When the gold fever reached the Eastern States in the spring of '49, +there was just the same mad rush for California that is now being made +for the Klondike.</p> + +<p>The emigrants had in those days to cross the prairies in wagons. None of +them understood the rigors of the journey they had to undertake, and +many fell by the wayside and died before the promised land was reached. +After a while the track across this great American desert was marked by +the skeletons of oxen and horses, and boxes and barrels which people had +thrown out of their wagons to lighten the load of their poor weary +beasts, to enable them to reach water and shade. Here and there a rough +mound would mark where some poor soul had been unable to bear the +sufferings and had given up his life.</p> + +<p>Thousands died in the awful trip across the continent, and thousands +more, who thought to make an easier journey by sea, died of fevers +contracted in crossing the unhealthy Isthmus of Panama, the strip <a name="Page_1151" id="Page_1151"></a>of +land that divides North and South America, separating the Atlantic from +the Pacific Ocean.</p> + +<p>The historian Bancroft says that while between four and five hundred +millions of gold were obtained in the seven years following the find in +'49, the gold cost, in human life and labor, three times what it was +actually worth.</p> + +<p>A few of the Forty-niners gained the riches they sought, but the greater +part of the gold-seekers barely made a living by the most exhausting +toil.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a href="./images/18.png"><img src="./images/18-tb.png" alt="FORTY-NINERS CROSSING THE PLAINS." title="FORTY-NINERS CROSSING THE PLAINS." /></a></div> +<div class='center'><big>FORTY-NINERS CROSSING THE PLAINS.</big></div> + +<p>As regards the Klondike, all the miners who have returned declare that +the life is so hard that only the very healthy can stand it. In spite of +this warning, weak and delicate men, and men who have lived in luxury +all their lives, are setting their faces toward the north, to undertake +a life of untiring labor and privation, in the intense cold of an Arctic +region in winter, and the most extreme heat in the three short months of +summer.</p> + +<p>During this latter season the sun does not set till 10.30, and rises +again at 3 A.M. There is no darkness, midnight being almost as light as +midday. During the hot months all kinds of insects pester the +inhabitants. The horseflies and mosquitoes swarm in such numbers that +the rigors of winter are considered preferable to the warmth of summer.</p> + +<p>In addition to the horrors of the climate, there is no real supply of +food obtainable from the Klondike region. There is practically no +farming done, and so no crops to amount to anything are raised. +Practically all the food used at the gold-fields must be carried there +by the miners, and the method of travel is such that it is impossible +for one man to carry all the <a name="Page_1152" id="Page_1152"></a>food he will need until the open season +comes round again, and he can secure fresh provisions.</p> + +<p>When the winter once sets in in the Klondike country the people are +completely shut off from the rest of the world, the only way to reach +civilization being by a long and exhausting journey on snowshoes over +mountains and through fearful gorges, through which it would be +impossible to carry baggage. The only communication with the outer world +is through the mail, which reaches the district twice during the winter, +the mail-carriers being mountaineers who understand how to travel these +Arctic mountains over glaciers and snowy peaks.</p> + +<p>The returning miners have all told the same story of the journey and the +lack of provisions, but, in spite of this, crowds of men are hurrying +into this country which is already on the verge of famine. Those who +have taken food with them are unable to get it carried to its +destination, and it is said that the road is now blocked with it. The +only means of transportation is by Indians on mule-back; the mules are +very scarce, and the Indians only work when they feel like it. The +chances are that many men will be starving in the Klondike this winter, +while barrels and boxes of food will be piled mountain-high at the last +station, waiting to be carried through the long succession of waterways +and portages. A portage is a place between lakes and rivers where the +waters become so shallow or rapid that they cannot be navigated, and the +boats have to be lifted ashore and carried overland until it is possible +to take to the water again.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/9.png" alt="Crossing The Chilkoot Pass" title="Crossing The Chilkoot Pass" /></div> + +<p>The word Klondike is said to be a mispronunciation of the Indian words +"thron dak" or "duick," which <a name="Page_1153" id="Page_1153"></a><a name="Page_1154" id="Page_1154"></a>means "plenty of fish," from the fact +that the Klondike is a famous salmon stream. The river is marked +"Tondak" on the Canadian maps.</p> + +<p>In the Klondike district are a number of rivers flowing eastward from +the Yukon. In all of these gold has been found. The Stewart River, which +lies south of the Klondike, has been found to be as rich in gold as the +Klondike, and it is confidently asserted that the Alaskan side of this +region is as rich in gold as the British Columbian.</p> + +<p>But, so far, all the gold-fields have been located in British Columbia, +and the great rush for them has been from the United States.</p> + +<p>The Canadians do not like this, and feel that it is not fair that Canada +should be making nothing out of these fabulous finds.</p> + +<p>There is very little redress for her, however. Americans have taken up +the greater part of the claims in the Yukon district, and have been +careful to comply with the very strict laws which Canada has laid down +to govern mining claims. She can therefore make no objections on that +score, but she is determined to get some share of the new riches.</p> + +<p>At the present time the Americans are taking their goods into the new +country free of duty, and are making what purchases they need in Alaskan +towns.</p> + +<p>Prominent men in Canada are demanding that custom officials shall be +placed at all the Canadian mountain passes.</p> + +<p>It is expected that the taxing of the Americans will produce a large +income for the Government. One Canadian firm has offered $50,000 for the +privilege of collecting the customs for ten years.<a name="Page_1155" id="Page_1155"></a></p> + +<p>A cry has gone up that imposing duties on the miners will make their lot +still harder than it is at present, but this will not be heeded. Men who +start out expecting to make a large fortune in a few months ought to be +willing to pay handsomely for the privilege.</p> + +<p>Besides establishing custom-houses, the Canadian Government is seriously +discussing the idea of making foreign miners pay a heavy royalty for the +right to work in the mines.</p> + +<p>There was some talk of excluding aliens—that is, all who are not +British subjects—from working on the gold-fields, and thus keeping the +Canadian find for Canadians.</p> + +<p>You remember the Kootenai matter (see page 850), and how the Canadian +Government made it impossible for aliens to take up claims, and insisted +that all mine owners must give up their citizenship in other countries +and become British subjects. There was some talk of doing the same thing +at Klondike, but it was thought that such a course would make a great +deal of trouble, and that it would be much simpler to force each man to +pay a certain sum of money (fifty dollars a day has been suggested) for +his right to work in the gold-fields.</p> + +<p>It is strange how the search for gold brings envy, hatred, malice, and +all uncharitableness in its train.</p> + +<p>No sooner was gold discovered than Canada began to fret because America +was profiting by it, and America began to fume because Canada wanted to +make her profit out of the great find.</p> + +<p>Ugly threats were made of what the American miners would do if Canada +tried to make things hard <a name="Page_1156" id="Page_1156"></a>for them. In consequence the Secretary of War +has been asked to establish a military post on the route to the +gold-fields in Alaska, to protect the American miners if Canada +interferes unreasonably with them.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>This seems to be a great year for the finding of gold.</p> + +<p>A discovery has just been made in Trinity County, Cal., which leads +people to hope that the mother lode of the Californian gold-fields has +been found.</p> + +<p>This main lode had been lost sight of north of El Dorado County, but its +reappearance in Trinity has caused a great deal of excitement and turned +many gold-seekers thither, in preference to the frozen Klondike region. +The first discovery of gold in California was made in what is now El +Dorado County, and it was in consequence of the gold find that the +county got its name.</p> + +<p>El Dorado was the name of a mythical king, about whom the most +astonishing stories were told. He was supposed to be lord of a country +where gold was as plentiful as dust. It was in search of these golden +lands that many of the famous discoverers undertook their voyages.</p> + +<p>The conquest and settlement of New Granada (now the Republic of +Colombia), the discovery of the Amazon and Orinoco rivers, of the great +forests of the Andes, and of the mountainous regions of Venezuela, were +all due to the quest for El Dorado.</p> + +<p>This king, according to the tradition, dwelt in a city called Manoa, +built on a lake called Parima. This city was supposed to be somewhere in +the northern part of South America, and it was confidently asserted that +its streets were paved with gold.<a name="Page_1157" id="Page_1157"></a></p> + +<p>As the story has it, the wealth of this country was so great that the +people wore gold for clothes, it being their custom to smear their +bodies with oil of balsam, and then sprinkle themselves with gold-dust, +till they looked like gilded statues.</p> + +<p>To the people of the Old World it seemed that a country which could +afford to dress its inhabitants in this fashion must be well worth +finding, and so the old navigators were always trying to find it.</p> + +<p>Of course they never did, but the source of the legend of El Dorado has +been traced to the yearly ceremony of an Indian tribe near Bogota, in +the Republic of Colombia.</p> + +<p>The Spaniards declared that it was part of the religious duty of this +tribe to have their chief bathed once a year in a certain lake which was +sacred to them.</p> + +<p>Great preparations were made for this ceremony. The body of the chief +was first smeared with gold-dust and oil of balsam, and, a handful of +gold and precious stones was given to him. He then advanced to the +shores of the lake, and amid the prayers and chants of his tribe, first +cast the gold and jewels into the water, and then plunged in himself.</p> + +<p>This ceremony was supposed to bring his people good luck for the coming +year.</p> + +<p>The Spaniards who conquered New Granada, or the Republic of Colombia, +declared this story to be strictly true, but as none of them had ever +witnessed the ceremony, it is supposed to be merely another form of the +El Dorado legend.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>In British India there is a fresh uprising which appears to be of a very +serious character.<a name="Page_1158" id="Page_1158"></a></p> + +<p>A body of tribesmen attacked a camp in the Chitral District, killing +some of the British soldiers, and severely wounding others.</p> + +<p>Chitral is on the northeast border of India, where it joins Afghanistan.</p> + +<p>The tribes in this portion of the Empire have always given the English a +great deal of trouble. They are very bold, and good fighters.</p> + +<p>The country they inhabit is very mountainous, and they have one mode of +warfare which makes them a very ugly foe to attack. They throw down +rocks on an invading force, and long practice has made them so expert in +this art that they are most formidable. When once they have taken to +their mountain fastnesses, soldiers do not like the task of pursuing and +punishing them.</p> + +<p>The present outbreak was totally unexpected. The Swats, as the people of +this region are called, appeared to be perfectly contented under British +rule. Industry had been encouraged among them, trade developed, and they +seemed a very peaceful and prosperous people.</p> + +<p>Suddenly, without any warning, the whole population rose against the +British.</p> + +<p>The Swats had intended to attack Camp Malakand unawares, and massacre +the soldiers, but through the kindness of a friendly native a warning +was given. Preparations were quickly made for defence, messengers sent +off to ask for re-enforcements, and the soldiers were able to repulse +the enemy when the attack was made.</p> + +<p>Six thousand Swats were said to be in arms against the British.<a name="Page_1159" id="Page_1159"></a></p> + +<p>The Government at once despatched a large force of soldiers to relieve +the little camp.</p> + +<p>On their arrival the enemy was soon routed, the cavalry chasing them +back toward the hills. All danger was supposed to be over, when word was +brought that the natives had re-formed, and were preparing to attack a +fort in the neighborhood, called Fort Chakdara.</p> + +<p>Leaving a few men at the camp to defend it, the commander of the relief +column started for Chakdara.</p> + +<p>They arrived only just in time. The Swats had laid siege to the fort, +and the little garrison in it were despairing, when, from the hills, +they saw the lights flashed by a heliograph, and learned by this means +that help was coming. The heliograph is an instrument for signalling by +means of flashes of light reflected from mirrors.</p> + +<p>When the relief party reached Chakdara, they had a severe fight with the +Swats, but they at length routed the tribesmen.</p> + +<p>The situation is growing more serious.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>News has just arrived that Great Britain has taken possession of one of +the smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, which is claimed by the +Hawaiian Government.</p> + +<p>This island is known as Palmyra Island, and is situated about a thousand +miles to the southward of Hawaii. The Hawaiian Government claims that it +is one of the dependencies of the Sandwich Island group.</p> + +<p>It was discovered by Captain Cook, the famous navigator who explored the +Pacific Ocean in 1768, <a name="Page_1160" id="Page_1160"></a>and secured Australia and New Zealand for the +British.</p> + +<p>It has long been marked on the maps as a British possession, but it +appears that it was occupied years ago by Hawaiians, who raised the +Hawaiian flag over it, and claimed it for their Government.</p> + +<p>The action of Great Britain in claiming the island at this time is +considered of the highest importance, as it is feared that it may have +been claimed merely for the sake of complicating Hawaiian matters, and +preventing annexation.</p> + +<p>Our Government will look very closely into the rights of the affair, and +insist upon their being respected.</p> + +<p>The State Department will gather all information possible in regard to +Palmyra Island. Should it be found that Hawaii's claims are good, our +minister in the Sandwich Islands will be instructed to ask the +Government there to protest against the action of Great Britain. The +United States will then uphold this protest, and the officials believe +that it will result in the removal of the British flag from the island.</p> + +<p>An American guano company located on Palmyra Island some years ago, +building sheds and a wharf, but after the guano deposit was exhausted +they abandoned the island. It was at one time known as Americus Island.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>A despatch from Japan says that the Government has decided to submit the +Hawaiian emigrant question to arbitration.</p> + +<p>It is also stated that Japan will endeavor to prevent <a name="Page_1161" id="Page_1161"></a>the annexation by +every means in her power, but that she will not resort to hostile +measures.</p> + +<p>The friends of arbitration are very pleased at the news about the +Japanese emigrant question.</p> + +<p>Arbitration seems to have been making rapid strides lately. Every one is +satisfied with the settlement of the Venezuelan difficulties, and now +Spain and Peru have entered upon a new treaty based upon similar +grounds.</p> + +<p>In this last treaty all differences are to be laid before a +disinterested country for settlement, and the decision of that country +is to be final.</p> + +<p>There is a curious clause in this treaty which relates to the frequent +revolutions which occur in the South American republics.</p> + +<p>This clause states that the claims of Spanish residents for damage done +their property during these disturbances shall be placed on the same +footing as those of the Peruvians. Formerly there were diplomatic +squabbles and troubles like the Ruiz affair, after every revolution, but +under the new treaty all this will be avoided.</p> + +<p>There are still rumors of a new arbitration treaty between England and +the United States. It is probable that the question may be raised again +at the next session of Congress.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Affairs are progressing peacefully in Turkey.</p> + +<p>The ambassadors have presented the Sultan with a rough draft of the +treaty. It provides that Europe shall arbitrate any difficulties that +may arise between Turkey and Greece over the details of the arrangement.</p> + +<p><a name="Page_1162" id="Page_1162"></a><a name="Page_1163" id="Page_1163"></a><a name="Page_1164" id="Page_1164"></a>So far the ambassadors and Turkish officials are on the best of terms, +and meet with the utmost friendliness.</p> + +<p>But despite this fact, the peace is not yet concluded.</p> + +<p>Germany has made a fresh difficulty by insisting that the Powers shall +control the money matters of Greece until the war indemnity has been +paid.</p> + +<p>The Sultan has persisted in his refusal to give up Thessaly until this +money has been paid, and to meet this objection the German Kaiser +proposes to take charge of Greece's pocketbook and see that she settles +her debts.</p> + +<p>Greece has something to say on this subject, however. Her ministers will +not hear of any such arrangement, and it was rumored that King George +would abdicate if Germany's plan was carried out.</p> + +<p>In addition to this, there is a likelihood of fresh trouble in Crete.</p> + +<p>Turkey has been trying to send fresh troops to the island to re-enforce +her present army. The admirals of the allied fleets have sternly +objected to any such proceeding, and, learning that the Turkish troops +are on their way, have refused to allow them to land, threatening to use +force to prevent them, if necessary.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>It is now openly stated in Havana that General Weyler is to leave Cuba +as soon as it has been definitely settled what leader is to take his +place.</p> + +<p>Having failed in all his attempts to pacify the island, General Weyler +was seized with a great idea the other day. He decided to meet Gomez and +discuss the making of peace on the terms of Home Rule for Cuba.<a name="Page_1165" id="Page_1165"></a></p> + +<p>General Weyler has frequently tried to obtain an interview with Gomez, +but has not been successful. Since the killing of Maceo the Cuban +leaders have been very careful how they trusted themselves in the hands +of their treacherous foe.</p> + +<p>On this occasion General Weyler sent his messenger to Gomez, with a very +polite request.</p> + +<p>Gomez, however, wasted neither time nor politeness over his reply.</p> + +<p>"Tell your general," he said to the messenger, "that I do not consider +him a man of honor, and that he has lowered himself too deeply to be on +a level where he can confer with me."</p> + +<p>The insurgents are in great numbers around Havana, and are making +constant attacks on the suburbs of that city.</p> + +<p>Their force is now so strong that no one can leave the city by land, and +no provisions can be brought into it.</p> + +<p>It was decided that an army should be led against the besiegers, and +General Weyler (having been commanded to do so from Madrid) decided to +lead this army himself.</p> + +<p>He found himself so hemmed in by insurgents that he was unable to leave +the city except by boat, as all the roads are now in the hands of the +Cubans.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>The results of the military bicycle trial on Long Island were most +satisfactory.</p> + +<p>The company started out with thirty-two men, and arrived home with +twenty-eight, three having been sent back on business, the fourth man +being the only one whose wheel was too badly damaged to be ridden.<a name="Page_1166" id="Page_1166"></a></p> + +<p>The company travelled three hundred and ninety-eight out of the five +hundred miles planned. The rest of the distance could not be made on +account of the dreadful weather.</p> + +<p>It rained every day of the trip, and the soldiers had to contend with +muddy roads from start to finish.</p> + +<p>In spite of these drawbacks the expedition was a complete success, and +it is said that it will prove of the greatest value from a military +standpoint.</p> + +<p>The bicycle ambulance had to be abandoned on the second day out, as it +was unsuited to the heavy roads over which the troop had to travel.</p> + +<p>The accidents to the wheels were: ten rims broken, seven tires +punctured, twenty spokes, two bearings, a handle-bar, and a pedal +broken.</p> + +<p>Happily there were two bicycle machinists in the party and they were +able to make the necessary repairs, so that all the wheels were usable +throughout the entire trip except one, which was so badly broken that +the rider had to leave the company.</p> + +<p>Captain Lyon, who was in command, says that it has been shown that the +bicycle can be of great service in military operations. He says that +under the very worst conditions a wheel can accomplish much more than a +horse.</p> + +<p>He thinks that the weight carried on the machine has very little to do +with its endurance, but at the same time in future trips would recommend +that a carbine be carried instead of the musket, which he considers too +heavy and cumbersome to carry on a wheel.</p> + +<p>An effort was made to send a despatch by one of the troopers from +Jamaica, L.I., to the camp at<a name="Page_1167" id="Page_1167"></a> Peekskill in seven hours, a distance of +one hundred miles.</p> + +<p>Private Walter Dixon was chosen for the service and started out at seven +o'clock in the morning.</p> + +<p>He did not reach the State camp till six in the evening, owing to +mishaps. He was thrown from his wheel and stunned during his journey, +and lost a long time while recovering. His actual time in the saddle was +eight hours.</p> + +<p>This was considered the most important event of the trip.</p> + +<p>In war time the carrying of despatches is one of the most essential +duties, and much depends on the promptness of their delivery. To be able +to send a despatch a hundred miles in eight hours means a revolution in +modern warfare.</p> + +<p>The weather and the mosquitoes combined in an effort to make the trip as +difficult as possible. When the men arrived in New York they were tired, +grimy, mud-stained, and punctured with mosquito bites, but very happy +over the success they had had.</p> + +<p>They never once sought shelter in hotels, but, rain or no rain, camped +out as they had intended to.</p> + +<p>Another trial of the bicycle has been made in the West, and it has again +come off with flying colors.</p> + +<p>The Twenty-Fifth United States Infantry Bicycle Corps has just completed +a two-thousand-mile ride from Fort Missoula, Montana, to St. Louis. The +trip took forty days.</p> + +<p>The riders and wheels stood the journey remarkably well, and the +lieutenant in command considered the trip a great success.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /><p><a name="Page_1168" id="Page_1168"></a></p> + +<p>The constant rain that we have had for the last few weeks has called to +mind a very curious old superstition which will amuse and interest you.</p> + +<p>There is an ancient English rhyme which runs:</p> + + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="St. Swithin's Day"> +<tr><td align='left'>"St. Swithin's Day, if then doth rain,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><span style="margin-left: .5em;">For forty days it will remain;</span></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><span style="margin-left: .5em;">St. Swithin's Day, if then be fair,</span></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><span style="margin-left: .5em;">For forty days 'twill rain nae mair!"</span></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>The history of the origin of this legend has been handed down to us +through the chronicles of William of Malmesbury.</p> + +<p>In the early days, before printing was invented, the records were kept +by the monks in the monasteries.</p> + +<p>The monks were, indeed, the only people who understood how to read and +write.</p> + +<p>The records were written by them on parchment or vellum. The margin of +every sheet was very wide, and beautiful designs were often painted +thereon The first letter of a new paragraph was always beautifully +illuminated, as this method of decoration was called.</p> + +<p>These ancient manuscripts have afforded us much of our knowledge of the +world's history.</p> + +<p>William of Malmesbury, to whose patient care we are indebted for the +story of St. Swithin, was a monk in the monastery of Malmesbury, a town +in England, about fifty miles from Stratford-on-Avon where Shakespeare +was born. It is situated on the Lower Avon, a branch of the same river +which flows through Stratford.</p> + +<p>William was librarian of the monastery of Malmesbury, and was also a +noted historian. He was born in 1095, and died in 1142.<a name="Page_1169" id="Page_1169"></a></p> + +<p>His "History of the English Kings" and "Modern History" have formed the +foundation of the later histories of England that have been written.</p> + +<p>William also wrote several other books telling the history of his +church, and it is in one of these that the story of St. Swithin is +found.</p> + +<p>In those days the people were very superstitious, and believed in signs +and wonders, and frightened themselves silly with every strange noise or +unusual occurrence, for everything that occurred was supposed to be a +sign that something was going to happen.</p> + +<p>According to the record of William of Malmesbury, Swithin was a great +scholar in his day, and was chosen by King Ethelwulf as the tutor of his +son Alfred. This was the Alfred who afterward became Alfred the Great. +He was the king who was scolded by the old woman for burning the cakes.</p> + +<p>When Alfred came to the throne he made his old tutor bishop of +Winchester, and Swithin became a very great man indeed.</p> + +<p>In spite of his greatness he was a very modest man, and did not care for +pomp or show.</p> + +<p>When he died he left strict instructions to the monks of Winchester, +that he was to be buried in a "vile and unworthy place," outside the +monastery.</p> + +<p>The monks obeyed his wishes.</p> + +<p>The fame and piety of this good man lived after him, and when many years +had passed, and the memory of his dying wishes had grown fainter, the +monks determined to adopt the good Swithin as their patron saint, and +give him a magnificent resting-place inside the cathedral.</p> + +<p>Some of the older monks protested, but their objections <a name="Page_1170" id="Page_1170"></a>were overruled, +and a day was set apart for transferring the good man's bones to their +new resting-place.</p> + +<p>According to William of Malmesbury this act was performed on July 15th, +and St. Swithin's bones were no sooner lifted from their humble +resting-place than the most awful storm of rain that England had ever +known burst over the country. For forty days it rained without ceasing, +until another flood was feared.</p> + +<p>The monks were terribly frightened, and expressed great sorrow for the +mischief they had done, but they did not give up their prize. The bones +of St. Swithin were kept in Winchester Cathedral, rain or no rain.</p> + +<p>Ever since then, according to the same chronicler, if it rained on the +15th of July, or St. Swithin's day, it was sure to rain every day for +forty days.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>A new postal regulation has just come into use.</p> + +<p>It is at present only in force in thirty-six of our principal cities, +but if found to be as satisfactory as it is expected to be, will be used +all over the country where there is a free delivery of mail.</p> + +<p>This new plan provides for a house-to-house collection, as well as +delivery of mail, and also for the sale of stamps by letter-carriers.</p> + +<p>This is accomplished through the use of a combination letter-box, with +which each householder is supposed to supply himself.</p> + +<p>The box is to be placed where the postman can easily have access to it +without whistling or ringing bells. Instead he will unlock the mail-box, +take from it all the letters that want mailing, and put in their place +those which he has to deliver.<a name="Page_1171" id="Page_1171"></a></p> + +<p>It will be a very pleasant thing to be able to post letters without +going off our own doorsteps, but this is only half of the comfort which +the new box is going to be to us.</p> + +<p>In each post-box will be a special envelope containing blanks, on which +the householder can order one and two cent stamps and postal-cards, +putting the money to pay for them into the envelope with his order.</p> + +<p>The postman collects this envelope with the regular mail, and hands it +to a special clerk, who takes out the money, fills the order, and drops +the envelope in the mail for the postman to deliver on his next round.</p> + +<p>Unstamped letters can also be posted in this very delightful box, and +special delivery stamps can be secured by stating on the blank the +number of letters that are to be stamped, and enclosing the money for +the same in the special envelope.</p> + +<p>All unstamped matter is turned over to the clerk who has charge of the +envelope department. He buys the stamps, sticks them on, and despatches +the letters.</p> + +<p>This service is only rendered to people who buy their own boxes.</p> + +<p>The post-office does not undertake to furnish them, but only to give +good service with them when they are purchased.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>A wonderful feat of swimming has just been performed in England.</p> + +<p>A man named McNally, a champion swimmer, and a native of Boston, Mass., +has attempted to swim <a name="Page_1172" id="Page_1172"></a>across the English Channel from Dover, England, +to Calais, France, a distance of thirty-five miles.</p> + +<p>This body of water is the most uncertain and the roughest of seas.</p> + +<p>Many people who are fine sailors and have made many voyages to Europe +say they would rather cross the Atlantic than the English Channel.</p> + +<p>The reason for this is that the vast body of water which forms the North +Sea, in forcing its way between the narrow straits of Dover, is driven +into short cross-waves and currents, which make the sea always choppy +and rough.</p> + +<p>Many swimmers have made the attempt to swim this Channel before, among +them Boyton, and Captain Webb who lost his life in an attempt to swim +the Niagara Rapids.</p> + +<p>No one has so far achieved success.</p> + +<p>McNally succeeded in reaching within three miles of the French coast, +but he was then so exhausted that he had to be pulled into the boat and +give up the attempt.</p> + +<p>He had announced that he would swim the Channel, and had been some days +in Dover, swimming over a part of the course, and getting himself in +training for the final effort.</p> + +<p>He started from the Dover pier, followed by a row-boat in which were two +sailors, a newspaper man, and his trainer.</p> + +<p>When he started out he had no intention of taking the swim. He merely +went out for exercise. The weather was so foggy that his companions +urged him to turn back and exercise later in the day.</p> + +<p>He, however, kept on, and when he was about six <a name="Page_1173" id="Page_1173"></a>miles from the shore +the fog lifted, and wind and tide all being in his favor, he determined +to make the trial then and there.</p> + +<p>He was in the water fifteen and a half hours, and swam steadily all the +time at the rate of about a mile and a half an hour.</p> + +<p>Swimmers will be interested to know that McNally used the breast stroke +continually, only occasionally changing to a side stroke for relief.</p> + +<p>He never swam on his back. He says that this method of swimming +interferes with the muscles, and gets them out of condition for resuming +the breast stroke.</p> + +<p>Swimmers as a rule seek rest and relief by turning on their backs, so +the opinion of an expert on such a subject is well worth having.</p> + +<p>Apart from the interest we all feel in great feats of strength and +endurance, such an attempt as that made by McNally is valuable to us, as +it shows us the length of time it is possible for a swimmer to remain in +the water without becoming exhausted.</p> + +<p>Swimming is an accomplishment that every boy and girl should acquire, +and the knowledge that if a swimmer keeps cool, and has his wits about +him, he can remain in the water for a considerable period without danger +of drowning, should be taken to heart by every lad and lass who +contemplates boating as a part of the summer's enjoyment.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">G.</span><span class="smcap">H. Rosenfeld.</span><br /> +<a name="Page_1174" id="Page_1174"></a></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>INVENTION AND DISCOVERY</h2> + +<div class="figright"> +<a href="./images/29a.png"><img src="./images/29a-tb.png" alt="Fruit-Picker" title="Fruit-Picker" /></a> +</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Fruit-Picker</span>.—Fruit-picking is such an easy matter for boys +that I think it is the girls who will chiefly appreciate this +contrivance. It too often happens that there will be a very tall tree +with fruit well out of reach, and a girl at the foot of it who is not an +expert climber. Her mouth need no longer water in vain. This +fruit-picker is very ingenious. It consists of scoop-shaped jaws worked +by cords and springs, and mounted on a pole of suitable length. Attached +to the jaws is a long, funnel-shaped bag, which receives the fruit and +allows it to drop without injury right into the fruit-picker's hands.</p> + +<div class="figleft"><a href="./images/29b.png"><img src="./images/29b-tb.png" alt="Safety-Brake" title="Safety-Brake" /></a></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Safety-brake For Children's Carriages</span>.—So many accidents occur +with baby-carriages that this ought to be a great comfort to mothers, +and a great help to the "little mothers" who mind the babies. Children's +carriages are made so light that their weight is very slight, and a puff +of wind is often enough to set them in motion; and if they chance to be +on an uneven sidewalk they <a name="Page_1175" id="Page_1175"></a>are likely to roll into the road among the +vehicles. This simple brake, which keeps the wheels from moving when the +handle is released, will render this impossible, and make it safe to +leave the carriage, baby and all, without the fear of harm coming to it.</p> + +<p>It seems as if the danger to the children attracted the attention of +more than one person at the same time, for other brakes also have been +brought to our notice, the same in intention, but differing in design.</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<a href="./images/30a.png"><img src="./images/30a-tb.png" alt="Garment Hanger and Stretcher" title="Garment Hanger and Stretcher" /></a> +</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Garment Hanger and Stretcher</span>.—This is a very simple and +ingenious arrangement to combine a garment hanger and stretcher. The two +are made in one, and consist of a single piece of wire bent backward on +itself. The ends are secured to a support which can be attached to the +wall, and at the other end of the double wire it is bent upward and +downward, so as to form a strong spring holding the two parallel parts +closely together.</p> + +<div class="figleft"><a href="./images/30b.png"><img src="./images/30b-tb.png" alt="Combination Eraser" title="Combination Eraser" /></a></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Combination Eraser</span>.—The combination eraser is a handy little +tool, and seems calculated to find its way to every writing-table. As +its name implies, we find combined in the one tool an eraser, a blade, +and a smoothing-tip fitted in the stem of the blade. Besides this, a +brush can be at will secured to an extension of the tip, thus bringing +together all the implements necessary for erasing.<a name="Page_1176" id="Page_1176"></a></p> + +<div class="figright"><a href="./images/31.png"><img src="./images/31-tb.png" alt="Corn-Holder" title="Corn-Holder" /></a></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Corn-Holder</span>.—Corn is never so sweet as when it is eaten off +the cob, and in spite of burned and greasy fingers too, most people +prefer to enjoy it in that way. This corn-holder will enable one to so +enjoy it without any such drawbacks. It consists of a pair of lever-arms +which work like scissors or shears. One end of each curves inwardly and +has a pointed end which will enter the corn. There is a chain below +which will keep them fixed in the necessary position for firmly holding +it.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>CORRESPONDENCE.</h2> + + +<div class="blockquot"><span class="smcap">Mr. William B. Harison.</span> + +<p><span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>: Pardon me for calling your attention to +an error in your valuable paper, <span class="smcap">The Great Round +World</span>, which has many friends here. On page 1,036 you +speak of the steamer <i>Pewabic</i> on Lake Michigan. This should +read Lake Huron. The wreck lays about twenty miles from +Alpena. Some of the readers thought this should be +corrected. Hence I take the liberty of this letter.</p> + +<p>Wishing you best success for the paper, I remain </p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 19.5em;">Yours truly,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 19em;">H.</span><span class="smcap">H. Wittelshofer.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">A</span><span class="smcap">lpena, Mich.</span>, July 19th, 1897.<br /> +</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>:</p> + +<p>We acknowledge the receipt of your letter, with many thanks, and are +much obliged to you for calling our attention to the matter. +<span class="smcap">Editor.</span></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<div><big><span class="u"><i>To Any Subscriber Securing</i></span></big></div> + +<h3>For Us <b><big>1</big></b> <i>NEW SUBSCRIPTION</i></h3> + +<div class='center'><i><span class="u">We Will Send, Post-Paid,<br /> A BOUND +VOLUME OF ...</span></i></div> + +<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/bound1.png" alt="The Great Round World" title="The Great ROund World" /></div> + + +<div class='center'><span class="u"><i>These volumes are neatly bound in cloth,<br /> with title stamped on side and +back, and<br /> make a neat library book, handy in size<br /> and weight, and +tasteful in appearance.</i></span></div> + +<div><br /><span style="margin-left: 8em;"><b>PART I.</b> <i>contains</i></span> + <br /><span style="margin-left: 12em;"><b>NOVEMBER 11th, 1896 to FEBRUARY 18th, 1897</b></span></div> + +<div><br /><span style="margin-left: 8em;"><b>PART II.</b> <i>contains</i></span> + <br /><span style="margin-left: 12em;"><b>FEBRUARY 25th, 1897 to JUNE 3d, 1897</b></span></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Albert Ross Parsons</span>, <i>President, American College of Musicians,</i> writes +concerning his son, aged 10: "The bound volume of the first fifteen +numbers has remained his daily mental food and amusement ever since it +arrived. I thank you for your great service both to our young people and +to their elders."</p> + +<hr style="width: 25%;" /> +<div class='center'> +<b><span class="smcap"><big>The Great Round World</big></span></b><br /> +<span class="smcap"><b>3 and 5 West 18th street NEW YORK CITY</b></span><br /> +</div> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<div class='blockquot'><p class="hangindent"><span class="smcap">Remember</span> that text-books will <br /> +be taken in exchange for subscriptions to</p></div> + +<h3><span class="smcap">the</span></h3> +<h3><span class="smcap">Great Round World</span></h3> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<h2>The Second Bound Volume</h2> + +<h4>OF</h4> + +<h3>THE GREAT ROUND WORLD</h3> + +<h4>(Containing Nos. 16 to 30)</h4> + +<h3><span class="u">IS NOW READY</span></h3> + + +<div class="blockquot">Handsomely bound in strong cloth, with title on side and back. Price, +postage paid, $1.25. Subscribers may exchange their numbers by sending +them to us (express paid) with 35 cents to cover cost of binding, and 10 +cents for return carriage.</div> + + +<p><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Address</span></p> + +<div class='center'><i>3 and 5 West 18th Street,· · · · · New York City</i><br /><br /><br /></div> + + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<h3><span class="smcap">To any one sending us</span></h3> + +<div class="figleft"><img src="./images/gun.png" alt="Rifle" title="Rifle" /></div> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="For 8 Subscribers"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figleft"><img src="./images/gun8.png" alt="Flourish and 8" title="Flourish and 8" /></div> +</td><td align='left'><div><i>NEW....</i><br /><i>SUBSCRIBERS</i></div></td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<div class='center'>WE WILL SEND A</div> + +<div class='center'><big><b>JUNIOR RIFLE</b></big></div> + +<div class="center"><span class="u">22 calibre, highly finished, with rebounding<br /> +lock, case-hardened frame, detachable<br /> +barrel, automatic shell ejector.<br /> +Weight 4-1/2 pounds.</span></div> + +<div class='center'>OR</div> + + +<div class='center'><big><b>A "Shattuck New</b></big><br /> +<big><b>Model" Shot=Gun</b></big></div> + +<div class="center"><span class="u">Side-snap action, rebounding lock,<br /> +walnut pistol-grip stock, patent<br /> +fore end, rubber butt, and pistol-grip<br /> +cap, nickel frame, choke-bored,<br /> +twist-steel barrel.<br /> +12 or 16 gauge.</span></div> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/gundiv.png" alt="Divider" title="Divider" /></div> + +<div class='center'> +<b><span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span></b><br /> +<span class="smcap">3 and 5 West 18th St. new york city</span><br /> +</div> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> +<h2>"The Great Round World" PRIZE CONTEST</h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span> is now over six months old, and it feels +some anxiety to know just how much interest its readers have taken in +the news and how much information they have gained from its pages. To +ascertain this, it has been decided to offer ten prizes for the best +answers to the following:</p> + +<div class='center'><span class='u'><b>Name ten of the most important events that have been mentioned in "The +Great Round World" in the first 30 numbers, that is, up to number of +June 3d.</b></span></div> + +<div class='center'><i>In mentioning these events give briefly reasons for considering them +important.</i></div> + +<p>This competition will be open to subscribers only, and any one desiring +to enter the competition must send to this office their name and the +date of their subscription; a number will then be given them.</p> + +<p>All new subscribers will be furnished with a card entitling them to +enter the competition.</p> + +<p>In making the selection of important events, remember that wars and +political events are not necessarily the most important. If, for +instance, the air-ship had turned out to be a genuine and successful +thing, it would have been most important as affecting the history of the +world. Or if by chance the telephone or telegraph had been invented in +this period, these inventions would have been <i>important</i> events.</p> + +<p>Prizes will be awarded to those who make the best selection and who +mention the events in the best order of their importance. Answers may be +sent in any time before September 1st.</p> + +<p>The Great Round World does not want you to hurry over this contest, but +to take plenty of time and do the work carefully. It will be a pleasant +occupation for the summer months.</p> + +<p>We would advise you to take the magazines starting at No. 1, look them +over carefully, keep a note-book at your side, and jot down in it the +events that seem to you important; when you have finished them all, No. +1 to 30, look over your notes and select the ten events that seem to you +to be the most important, stating after each event your reason for +thinking it important.</p> + +<p>For instance: suppose you decide that the death of Dr. Ruiz was one of +these important events, you might say, "The killing of Dr. Ruiz in the +prison of Guanabacoa—because it brought the cruelties practised on +American citizens to the attention of our Government," etc., etc.</p> + +<p>In sending your answers put your number and the date only on them, for +the judges are not to know names and addresses of the contestants, that +there may be no favoritism shown.</p> + +<p>It is important to put date on, for if two or more are found of similar +standing, the one first received will be given preference.</p> + +<p>Address all letters to REVIEW PRIZE CONTEST DEPARTMENT, +<span class="smcap">Great Round World</span>, 3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City.</p> + +<div class='center'><i>Write answer on one side of the paper only</i></div> + +<div class='center'><b>Prizes will be selections from the premium catalogue</b></div> + + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Prizes"> +<tr><td align='left'>No. 1.</td> +<td align='left'>Premiums</td> +<td align='left'> as</td> +<td align='left'> given</td> +<td align='left'> for</td> +<td align='left'> 15</td> +<td align='left'> Subscriptions</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>No. 2.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='right'>12</td> +<td align='center'>"</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>No. 3.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='right'>10</td> +<td align='center'>"</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>No. 4.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='right'>9</td> +<td align='center'>"</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>No. 5.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='right'>8</td> +<td align='center'>"</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>No. 6.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='right'>7</td> +<td align='center'>"</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>No. 7.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='right'>5</td> +<td align='center'>"</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>No. 8.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='right'>5</td> +<td align='center'>"</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>No. 9.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='right'>5</td> +<td align='center'>"</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>No. 10.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='right'>5</td> +<td align='center'>"</td></tr> +</table></div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 41, August 19, 1897, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + +***** This file should be named 15918-h.htm or 15918-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/9/1/15918/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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b/15918-h/images/title.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c47dd65 --- /dev/null +++ b/15918-h/images/title.png diff --git a/15918.txt b/15918.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8d05760 --- /dev/null +++ b/15918.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1536 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On +In It, Vol. 1, No. 41, August 19, 1897, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 41, August 19, 1897 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop + +Release Date: May 27, 2005 [EBook #15918] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + + + + + +_FIVE CENTS._ + +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD +AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT + + Vol. 1 AUGUST 19, 1897 No. 41. +[Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second class matter] + +[Illustration: A +WEEKLY +NEWSPAPER +FOR +BOYS AND +GIRLS] + +Subscription +$2.50 per year +$1.25 6 months + + + WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON. PUBLISHER + NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY + +=Copyright, 1897, by WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON.= + + * * * * * + +...PREMIUMS... + + * * * * * + +TO ANY ONE SENDING US 4 NEW SUBSCRIBERS + +[Illustration: A Pocket Kodak + + Measures 2-1/4 x 2-7/8 x 3-7/8 inches, makes a picture 1-1/2 x 2 + inches, and weighs only 5 ounces. Delivered ready for 12 exposures + without reloading.] + +The Lens is of the fixed focus type, and of sufficient length of focus +(2-1/2 inches) to avoid distortion. + +Has improved rotary shutter and set of three stops for lens. The slides +for changing stops and for time exposures are alongside of the exposure +lever and always show by their position what stop is before the lens and +whether the shutter is set for time or instantaneous exposures, thus +acting as a warning. + +In the _quality_ of the work they will do, Pocket Kodaks equal the best +cameras on the market. They make negatives of such perfect quality that +enlargements of any size can be made from them. + +The Pocket Kodaks are covered with fine leather, and the trimmings are +handsomely finished and lacquered. They are elegant, artistic, and +durable. + +=For one more subscription we will send with this camera a bicycle +carrying-case= + + * * * * * + +TO ANY ONE SENDING US 9 NEW SUBSCRIBERS + +[Illustration: An Improved + =No. 4= + Bulls-Eye + + For pictures 4x5 inches; delivered ready for 12 exposures without + reloading. Size of camera, 4-7/8 x 5-7/8 x 9-1/4 inches; weight 2 + pounds 2 ounces; length of focus of lens, 6-1/4 inches.] + +Fitted with an achromatic lens of superior quality, having a set of +three stops; has two finders, one for vertical and one for horizontal +exposures; and is also provided with two sockets for tripod screws, one +for vertical and one for horizontal exposures. Fitted with improved +rotary shutter, for snap-shots or time exposures. Can be loaded in +daylight. Handsomely finished and covered with leather. + +=Both of the above cameras are manufactured by the Eastman Kodak Co., +Rochester, N.Y., and this is a guarantee of their worth= + + =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD= + =3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY= + + * * * * * + + at.... + =SCHOOL BOOKS= Wholesale + Prices.... + + POSTPAID TO ANY ADDRESS + + [Illustration: Divider] + + =SCHOOL BOOKS= + + TAKEN + IN EXCHANGE + + =For Other Books....= + =For Great Round World= + =For Cash....= + + [Illustration: Divider] + +WHY not dispose of those books that you consider valueless? There are +thousands of boys and girls all over the country who cannot pay the +price of new books and can use those you no longer want. + + =---- SEND A LIST TO---- = + + =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON= + =_3 and 5 West 18th Street New York City_= + + * * * * * + +Do you Cover your Books? + + THE "ONE PIECE" + ADJUSTABLE BOOK COVERS + +are made of the strongest and best book-cover paper obtainable. This paper +is made in large quantities especially for these book covers and will +protect books perfectly. The book covers themselves are a marvel of +ingenuity, and, although they are in one piece and can be adjusted to fit +perfectly any sized book without cutting the paper, they are also so +simple that any boy or girl can use them; as they are already gummed they +are always ready for use. + +A sample dozen will be mailed to any address for 20 cents (or ten two-cent +stamps) if you write + + WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON + 3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City + + * * * * * + + +[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND +WORLD +AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.] + + VOL. 1 AUGUST 19, 1897. NO. 41 + +The stories from the Klondike fields seem to grow more wonderful day by +day. + +The first accounts have not only been verified, but surpassed by the +later news. Four million dollars' worth of gold is said to be waiting +shipment at St. Michael's, Alaska, and miners at the Klondike say that +fifty millions more will be taken out next season. + +Men who went out poor a year ago are now returning with fortunes. Two +miners found $10,000 worth of gold in twenty days. + +One man who has just come back bringing $180,000 worth with him gave a +reception at his hotel in San Francisco, and invited all who cared for +the sight to come and see the nuggets he had brought. + +It is said to have been the largest exhibit of gold since the famous +times of '49. He had scores of nuggets as large as a man's thumb, but +the feature of the collection was one about the shape and size of a +full-grown potato. This nugget was said to be worth $250. Those who have +seen the Alaska gold say it is very bright, and brassy in color, but not +as fine in quality as the California gold. + +The stories of these enormous fortunes have set the Californian and +Northwestern towns in a fever of excitement. A tremendous rush is being +made for the Klondike. Men are leaving good employment and hurrying off +to the gold-fields. Professional men (lawyers and doctors), business +men, merchants, clerks, and laborers are all joining in the mad rush for +the land of gold. + +The excitement is as great as it was in '49, but the terrible +experiences of that year have now become ancient history, and the +gold-seekers have to learn the sad lesson anew. It looks as if this land +of gold would, like California in '49, become a land of death. + +When the gold fever reached the Eastern States in the spring of '49, +there was just the same mad rush for California that is now being made +for the Klondike. + +The emigrants had in those days to cross the prairies in wagons. None of +them understood the rigors of the journey they had to undertake, and +many fell by the wayside and died before the promised land was reached. +After a while the track across this great American desert was marked by +the skeletons of oxen and horses, and boxes and barrels which people had +thrown out of their wagons to lighten the load of their poor weary +beasts, to enable them to reach water and shade. Here and there a rough +mound would mark where some poor soul had been unable to bear the +sufferings and had given up his life. + +Thousands died in the awful trip across the continent, and thousands +more, who thought to make an easier journey by sea, died of fevers +contracted in crossing the unhealthy Isthmus of Panama, the strip of +land that divides North and South America, separating the Atlantic from +the Pacific Ocean. + +The historian Bancroft says that while between four and five hundred +millions of gold were obtained in the seven years following the find in +'49, the gold cost, in human life and labor, three times what it was +actually worth. + +A few of the Forty-niners gained the riches they sought, but the greater +part of the gold-seekers barely made a living by the most exhausting +toil. + +[Illustration: FORTY-NINERS CROSSING THE PLAINS.] + +As regards the Klondike, all the miners who have returned declare that +the life is so hard that only the very healthy can stand it. In spite of +this warning, weak and delicate men, and men who have lived in luxury +all their lives, are setting their faces toward the north, to undertake +a life of untiring labor and privation, in the intense cold of an Arctic +region in winter, and the most extreme heat in the three short months of +summer. + +During this latter season the sun does not set till 10.30, and rises +again at 3 A.M. There is no darkness, midnight being almost as light as +midday. During the hot months all kinds of insects pester the +inhabitants. The horseflies and mosquitoes swarm in such numbers that +the rigors of winter are considered preferable to the warmth of summer. + +In addition to the horrors of the climate, there is no real supply of +food obtainable from the Klondike region. There is practically no +farming done, and so no crops to amount to anything are raised. +Practically all the food used at the gold-fields must be carried there +by the miners, and the method of travel is such that it is impossible +for one man to carry all the food he will need until the open season +comes round again, and he can secure fresh provisions. + +When the winter once sets in in the Klondike country the people are +completely shut off from the rest of the world, the only way to reach +civilization being by a long and exhausting journey on snowshoes over +mountains and through fearful gorges, through which it would be +impossible to carry baggage. The only communication with the outer world +is through the mail, which reaches the district twice during the winter, +the mail-carriers being mountaineers who understand how to travel these +Arctic mountains over glaciers and snowy peaks. + +The returning miners have all told the same story of the journey and the +lack of provisions, but, in spite of this, crowds of men are hurrying +into this country which is already on the verge of famine. Those who +have taken food with them are unable to get it carried to its +destination, and it is said that the road is now blocked with it. The +only means of transportation is by Indians on mule-back; the mules are +very scarce, and the Indians only work when they feel like it. The +chances are that many men will be starving in the Klondike this winter, +while barrels and boxes of food will be piled mountain-high at the last +station, waiting to be carried through the long succession of waterways +and portages. A portage is a place between lakes and rivers where the +waters become so shallow or rapid that they cannot be navigated, and the +boats have to be lifted ashore and carried overland until it is possible +to take to the water again. + +[Illustration: CROSSING THE CHILKOOT PASS] + +The word Klondike is said to be a mispronunciation of the Indian words +"thron dak" or "duick," which means "plenty of fish," from the fact +that the Klondike is a famous salmon stream. The river is marked +"Tondak" on the Canadian maps. + +In the Klondike district are a number of rivers flowing eastward from +the Yukon. In all of these gold has been found. The Stewart River, which +lies south of the Klondike, has been found to be as rich in gold as the +Klondike, and it is confidently asserted that the Alaskan side of this +region is as rich in gold as the British Columbian. + +But, so far, all the gold-fields have been located in British Columbia, +and the great rush for them has been from the United States. + +The Canadians do not like this, and feel that it is not fair that Canada +should be making nothing out of these fabulous finds. + +There is very little redress for her, however. Americans have taken up +the greater part of the claims in the Yukon district, and have been +careful to comply with the very strict laws which Canada has laid down +to govern mining claims. She can therefore make no objections on that +score, but she is determined to get some share of the new riches. + +At the present time the Americans are taking their goods into the new +country free of duty, and are making what purchases they need in Alaskan +towns. + +Prominent men in Canada are demanding that custom officials shall be +placed at all the Canadian mountain passes. + +It is expected that the taxing of the Americans will produce a large +income for the Government. One Canadian firm has offered $50,000 for the +privilege of collecting the customs for ten years. + +A cry has gone up that imposing duties on the miners will make their lot +still harder than it is at present, but this will not be heeded. Men who +start out expecting to make a large fortune in a few months ought to be +willing to pay handsomely for the privilege. + +Besides establishing custom-houses, the Canadian Government is seriously +discussing the idea of making foreign miners pay a heavy royalty for the +right to work in the mines. + +There was some talk of excluding aliens--that is, all who are not +British subjects--from working on the gold-fields, and thus keeping the +Canadian find for Canadians. + +You remember the Kootenai matter (see page 850), and how the Canadian +Government made it impossible for aliens to take up claims, and insisted +that all mine owners must give up their citizenship in other countries +and become British subjects. There was some talk of doing the same thing +at Klondike, but it was thought that such a course would make a great +deal of trouble, and that it would be much simpler to force each man to +pay a certain sum of money (fifty dollars a day has been suggested) for +his right to work in the gold-fields. + +It is strange how the search for gold brings envy, hatred, malice, and +all uncharitableness in its train. + +No sooner was gold discovered than Canada began to fret because America +was profiting by it, and America began to fume because Canada wanted to +make her profit out of the great find. + +Ugly threats were made of what the American miners would do if Canada +tried to make things hard for them. In consequence the Secretary of War +has been asked to establish a military post on the route to the +gold-fields in Alaska, to protect the American miners if Canada +interferes unreasonably with them. + + * * * * * + +This seems to be a great year for the finding of gold. + +A discovery has just been made in Trinity County, Cal., which leads +people to hope that the mother lode of the Californian gold-fields has +been found. + +This main lode had been lost sight of north of El Dorado County, but its +reappearance in Trinity has caused a great deal of excitement and turned +many gold-seekers thither, in preference to the frozen Klondike region. +The first discovery of gold in California was made in what is now El +Dorado County, and it was in consequence of the gold find that the +county got its name. + +El Dorado was the name of a mythical king, about whom the most +astonishing stories were told. He was supposed to be lord of a country +where gold was as plentiful as dust. It was in search of these golden +lands that many of the famous discoverers undertook their voyages. + +The conquest and settlement of New Granada (now the Republic of +Colombia), the discovery of the Amazon and Orinoco rivers, of the great +forests of the Andes, and of the mountainous regions of Venezuela, were +all due to the quest for El Dorado. + +This king, according to the tradition, dwelt in a city called Manoa, +built on a lake called Parima. This city was supposed to be somewhere in +the northern part of South America, and it was confidently asserted that +its streets were paved with gold. + +As the story has it, the wealth of this country was so great that the +people wore gold for clothes, it being their custom to smear their +bodies with oil of balsam, and then sprinkle themselves with gold-dust, +till they looked like gilded statues. + +To the people of the Old World it seemed that a country which could +afford to dress its inhabitants in this fashion must be well worth +finding, and so the old navigators were always trying to find it. + +Of course they never did, but the source of the legend of El Dorado has +been traced to the yearly ceremony of an Indian tribe near Bogota, in +the Republic of Colombia. + +The Spaniards declared that it was part of the religious duty of this +tribe to have their chief bathed once a year in a certain lake which was +sacred to them. + +Great preparations were made for this ceremony. The body of the chief +was first smeared with gold-dust and oil of balsam, and, a handful of +gold and precious stones was given to him. He then advanced to the +shores of the lake, and amid the prayers and chants of his tribe, first +cast the gold and jewels into the water, and then plunged in himself. + +This ceremony was supposed to bring his people good luck for the coming +year. + +The Spaniards who conquered New Granada, or the Republic of +Colombia, declared this story to be strictly true, but as none of them +had ever witnessed the ceremony, it is supposed to be merely another +form of the El Dorado legend. + + * * * * * + +In British India there is a fresh uprising which appears to be of a very +serious character. + +A body of tribesmen attacked a camp in the Chitral District, killing +some of the British soldiers, and severely wounding others. + +Chitral is on the northeast border of India, where it joins Afghanistan. + +The tribes in this portion of the Empire have always given the English a +great deal of trouble. They are very bold, and good fighters. + +The country they inhabit is very mountainous, and they have one mode of +warfare which makes them a very ugly foe to attack. They throw down +rocks on an invading force, and long practice has made them so expert in +this art that they are most formidable. When once they have taken to +their mountain fastnesses, soldiers do not like the task of pursuing and +punishing them. + +The present outbreak was totally unexpected. The Swats, as the people of +this region are called, appeared to be perfectly contented under British +rule. Industry had been encouraged among them, trade developed, and they +seemed a very peaceful and prosperous people. + +Suddenly, without any warning, the whole population rose against the +British. + +The Swats had intended to attack Camp Malakand unawares, and massacre +the soldiers, but through the kindness of a friendly native a warning +was given. Preparations were quickly made for defence, messengers sent +off to ask for re-enforcements, and the soldiers were able to repulse +the enemy when the attack was made. + +Six thousand Swats were said to be in arms against the British. + +The Government at once despatched a large force of soldiers to relieve +the little camp. + +On their arrival the enemy was soon routed, the cavalry chasing them +back toward the hills. All danger was supposed to be over, when word was +brought that the natives had re-formed, and were preparing to attack a +fort in the neighborhood, called Fort Chakdara. + +Leaving a few men at the camp to defend it, the commander of the relief +column started for Chakdara. + +They arrived only just in time. The Swats had laid siege to the fort, +and the little garrison in it were despairing, when, from the hills, +they saw the lights flashed by a heliograph, and learned by this means +that help was coming. The heliograph is an instrument for signalling by +means of flashes of light reflected from mirrors. + +When the relief party reached Chakdara, they had a severe fight with the +Swats, but they at length routed the tribesmen. + +The situation is growing more serious. + + * * * * * + +News has just arrived that Great Britain has taken possession of one of +the smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, which is claimed by the +Hawaiian Government. + +This island is known as Palmyra Island, and is situated about a thousand +miles to the southward of Hawaii. The Hawaiian Government claims that it +is one of the dependencies of the Sandwich Island group. + +It was discovered by Captain Cook, the famous navigator who explored the +Pacific Ocean in 1768, and secured Australia and New Zealand for the +British. + +It has long been marked on the maps as a British possession, but it +appears that it was occupied years ago by Hawaiians, who raised the +Hawaiian flag over it, and claimed it for their Government. + +The action of Great Britain in claiming the island at this time is +considered of the highest importance, as it is feared that it may have +been claimed merely for the sake of complicating Hawaiian matters, and +preventing annexation. + +Our Government will look very closely into the rights of the affair, and +insist upon their being respected. + +The State Department will gather all information possible in regard to +Palmyra Island. Should it be found that Hawaii's claims are good, our +minister in the Sandwich Islands will be instructed to ask the +Government there to protest against the action of Great Britain. The +United States will then uphold this protest, and the officials believe +that it will result in the removal of the British flag from the island. + +An American guano company located on Palmyra Island some years ago, +building sheds and a wharf, but after the guano deposit was exhausted +they abandoned the island. It was at one time known as Americus Island. + + * * * * * + +A despatch from Japan says that the Government has decided to submit the +Hawaiian emigrant question to arbitration. + +It is also stated that Japan will endeavor to prevent the annexation by +every means in her power, but that she will not resort to hostile +measures. + +The friends of arbitration are very pleased at the news about the +Japanese emigrant question. + +Arbitration seems to have been making rapid strides lately. Every one is +satisfied with the settlement of the Venezuelan difficulties, and now +Spain and Peru have entered upon a new treaty based upon similar +grounds. + +In this last treaty all differences are to be laid before a +disinterested country for settlement, and the decision of that country +is to be final. + +There is a curious clause in this treaty which relates to the frequent +revolutions which occur in the South American republics. + +This clause states that the claims of Spanish residents for damage done +their property during these disturbances shall be placed on the same +footing as those of the Peruvians. Formerly there were diplomatic +squabbles and troubles like the Ruiz affair, after every revolution, but +under the new treaty all this will be avoided. + +There are still rumors of a new arbitration treaty between England and +the United States. It is probable that the question may be raised again +at the next session of Congress. + + * * * * * + +Affairs are progressing peacefully in Turkey. + +The ambassadors have presented the Sultan with a rough draft of the +treaty. It provides that Europe shall arbitrate any difficulties that +may arise between Turkey and Greece over the details of the arrangement. + +So far the ambassadors and Turkish officials are on the best of terms, +and meet with the utmost friendliness. + +But despite this fact, the peace is not yet concluded. + +Germany has made a fresh difficulty by insisting that the Powers shall +control the money matters of Greece until the war indemnity has been +paid. + +The Sultan has persisted in his refusal to give up Thessaly until this +money has been paid, and to meet this objection the German Kaiser +proposes to take charge of Greece's pocketbook and see that she settles +her debts. + +Greece has something to say on this subject, however. Her ministers will +not hear of any such arrangement, and it was rumored that King George +would abdicate if Germany's plan was carried out. + +In addition to this, there is a likelihood of fresh trouble in Crete. + +Turkey has been trying to send fresh troops to the island to re-enforce +her present army. The admirals of the allied fleets have sternly +objected to any such proceeding, and, learning that the Turkish troops +are on their way, have refused to allow them to land, threatening to use +force to prevent them, if necessary. + + * * * * * + +It is now openly stated in Havana that General Weyler is to leave Cuba +as soon as it has been definitely settled what leader is to take his +place. + +Having failed in all his attempts to pacify the island, General Weyler +was seized with a great idea the other day. He decided to meet Gomez and +discuss the making of peace on the terms of Home Rule for Cuba. + +General Weyler has frequently tried to obtain an interview with Gomez, +but has not been successful. Since the killing of Maceo the Cuban +leaders have been very careful how they trusted themselves in the hands +of their treacherous foe. + +On this occasion General Weyler sent his messenger to Gomez, with a very +polite request. + +Gomez, however, wasted neither time nor politeness over his reply. + +"Tell your general," he said to the messenger, "that I do not consider +him a man of honor, and that he has lowered himself too deeply to be on +a level where he can confer with me." + +The insurgents are in great numbers around Havana, and are making +constant attacks on the suburbs of that city. + +Their force is now so strong that no one can leave the city by land, and +no provisions can be brought into it. + +It was decided that an army should be led against the besiegers, and +General Weyler (having been commanded to do so from Madrid) decided to +lead this army himself. + +He found himself so hemmed in by insurgents that he was unable to leave +the city except by boat, as all the roads are now in the hands of the +Cubans. + + * * * * * + +The results of the military bicycle trial on Long Island were most +satisfactory. + +The company started out with thirty-two men, and arrived home with +twenty-eight, three having been sent back on business, the fourth man +being the only one whose wheel was too badly damaged to be ridden. + +The company travelled three hundred and ninety-eight out of the five +hundred miles planned. The rest of the distance could not be made on +account of the dreadful weather. + +It rained every day of the trip, and the soldiers had to contend with +muddy roads from start to finish. + +In spite of these drawbacks the expedition was a complete success, and +it is said that it will prove of the greatest value from a military +standpoint. + +The bicycle ambulance had to be abandoned on the second day out, as it +was unsuited to the heavy roads over which the troop had to travel. + +The accidents to the wheels were: ten rims broken, seven tires +punctured, twenty spokes, two bearings, a handle-bar, and a pedal +broken. + +Happily there were two bicycle machinists in the party and they were +able to make the necessary repairs, so that all the wheels were usable +throughout the entire trip except one, which was so badly broken that +the rider had to leave the company. + +Captain Lyon, who was in command, says that it has been shown that the +bicycle can be of great service in military operations. He says that +under the very worst conditions a wheel can accomplish much more than a +horse. + +He thinks that the weight carried on the machine has very little to do +with its endurance, but at the same time in future trips would recommend +that a carbine be carried instead of the musket, which he considers too +heavy and cumbersome to carry on a wheel. + +An effort was made to send a despatch by one of the troopers from +Jamaica, L.I., to the camp at Peekskill in seven hours, a distance of +one hundred miles. + +Private Walter Dixon was chosen for the service and started out at seven +o'clock in the morning. + +He did not reach the State camp till six in the evening, owing to +mishaps. He was thrown from his wheel and stunned during his journey, +and lost a long time while recovering. His actual time in the saddle was +eight hours. + +This was considered the most important event of the trip. + +In war time the carrying of despatches is one of the most essential +duties, and much depends on the promptness of their delivery. To be able +to send a despatch a hundred miles in eight hours means a revolution in +modern warfare. + +The weather and the mosquitoes combined in an effort to make the trip as +difficult as possible. When the men arrived in New York they were tired, +grimy, mud-stained, and punctured with mosquito bites, but very happy +over the success they had had. + +They never once sought shelter in hotels, but, rain or no rain, camped +out as they had intended to. + +Another trial of the bicycle has been made in the West, and it has again +come off with flying colors. + +The Twenty-Fifth United States Infantry Bicycle Corps has just completed +a two-thousand-mile ride from Fort Missoula, Montana, to St. Louis. The +trip took forty days. + +The riders and wheels stood the journey remarkably well, and the +lieutenant in command considered the trip a great success. + + * * * * * + +The constant rain that we have had for the last few weeks has called to +mind a very curious old superstition which will amuse and interest you. + +There is an ancient English rhyme which runs: + + "St. Swithin's Day, if then doth rain, + For forty days it will remain; + St. Swithin's Day, if then be fair, + For forty days 'twill rain nae mair!" + +The history of the origin of this legend has been handed down to us +through the chronicles of William of Malmesbury. + +In the early days, before printing was invented, the records were kept +by the monks in the monasteries. + +The monks were, indeed, the only people who understood how to read and +write. + +The records were written by them on parchment or vellum. The margin of +every sheet was very wide, and beautiful designs were often painted +thereon The first letter of a new paragraph was always beautifully +illuminated, as this method of decoration was called. + +These ancient manuscripts have afforded us much of our knowledge of the +world's history. + +William of Malmesbury, to whose patient care we are indebted for the +story of St. Swithin, was a monk in the monastery of Malmesbury, a town +in England, about fifty miles from Stratford-on-Avon where Shakespeare +was born. It is situated on the Lower Avon, a branch of the same river +which flows through Stratford. + +William was librarian of the monastery of Malmesbury, and was also a +noted historian. He was born in 1095, and died in 1142. + +His "History of the English Kings" and "Modern History" have formed the +foundation of the later histories of England that have been written. + +William also wrote several other books telling the history of his +church, and it is in one of these that the story of St. Swithin is +found. + +In those days the people were very superstitious, and believed in signs +and wonders, and frightened themselves silly with every strange noise or +unusual occurrence, for everything that occurred was supposed to be a +sign that something was going to happen. + +According to the record of William of Malmesbury, Swithin was a great +scholar in his day, and was chosen by King Ethelwulf as the tutor of his +son Alfred. This was the Alfred who afterward became Alfred the Great. +He was the king who was scolded by the old woman for burning the cakes. + +When Alfred came to the throne he made his old tutor bishop of +Winchester, and Swithin became a very great man indeed. + +In spite of his greatness he was a very modest man, and did not care for +pomp or show. + +When he died he left strict instructions to the monks of Winchester, +that he was to be buried in a "vile and unworthy place," outside the +monastery. + +The monks obeyed his wishes. + +The fame and piety of this good man lived after him, and when many years +had passed, and the memory of his dying wishes had grown fainter, the +monks determined to adopt the good Swithin as their patron saint, and +give him a magnificent resting-place inside the cathedral. + +Some of the older monks protested, but their objections were overruled, +and a day was set apart for transferring the good man's bones to their +new resting-place. + +According to William of Malmesbury this act was performed on July 15th, +and St. Swithin's bones were no sooner lifted from their humble +resting-place than the most awful storm of rain that England had ever +known burst over the country. For forty days it rained without ceasing, +until another flood was feared. + +The monks were terribly frightened, and expressed great sorrow for the +mischief they had done, but they did not give up their prize. The bones +of St. Swithin were kept in Winchester Cathedral, rain or no rain. + +Ever since then, according to the same chronicler, if it rained on the +15th of July, or St. Swithin's day, it was sure to rain every day for +forty days. + + * * * * * + +A new postal regulation has just come into use. + +It is at present only in force in thirty-six of our principal cities, +but if found to be as satisfactory as it is expected to be, will be used +all over the country where there is a free delivery of mail. + +This new plan provides for a house-to-house collection, as well as +delivery of mail, and also for the sale of stamps by letter-carriers. + +This is accomplished through the use of a combination letter-box, with +which each householder is supposed to supply himself. + +The box is to be placed where the postman can easily have access to it +without whistling or ringing bells. Instead he will unlock the mail-box, +take from it all the letters that want mailing, and put in their place +those which he has to deliver. + +It will be a very pleasant thing to be able to post letters without +going off our own doorsteps, but this is only half of the comfort which +the new box is going to be to us. + +In each post-box will be a special envelope containing blanks, on which +the householder can order one and two cent stamps and postal-cards, +putting the money to pay for them into the envelope with his order. + +The postman collects this envelope with the regular mail, and hands it +to a special clerk, who takes out the money, fills the order, and drops +the envelope in the mail for the postman to deliver on his next round. + +Unstamped letters can also be posted in this very delightful box, and +special delivery stamps can be secured by stating on the blank the +number of letters that are to be stamped, and enclosing the money for +the same in the special envelope. + +All unstamped matter is turned over to the clerk who has charge of the +envelope department. He buys the stamps, sticks them on, and despatches +the letters. + +This service is only rendered to people who buy their own boxes. + +The post-office does not undertake to furnish them, but only to give +good service with them when they are purchased. + + * * * * * + +A wonderful feat of swimming has just been performed in England. + +A man named McNally, a champion swimmer, and a native of Boston, Mass., +has attempted to swim across the English Channel from Dover, England, +to Calais, France, a distance of thirty-five miles. + +This body of water is the most uncertain and the roughest of seas. + +Many people who are fine sailors and have made many voyages to Europe +say they would rather cross the Atlantic than the English Channel. + +The reason for this is that the vast body of water which forms the North +Sea, in forcing its way between the narrow straits of Dover, is driven +into short cross-waves and currents, which make the sea always choppy +and rough. + +Many swimmers have made the attempt to swim this Channel before, among +them Boyton, and Captain Webb who lost his life in an attempt to swim +the Niagara Rapids. + +No one has so far achieved success. + +McNally succeeded in reaching within three miles of the French coast, +but he was then so exhausted that he had to be pulled into the boat and +give up the attempt. + +He had announced that he would swim the Channel, and had been some days +in Dover, swimming over a part of the course, and getting himself in +training for the final effort. + +He started from the Dover pier, followed by a row-boat in which were two +sailors, a newspaper man, and his trainer. + +When he started out he had no intention of taking the swim. He merely +went out for exercise. The weather was so foggy that his companions +urged him to turn back and exercise later in the day. + +He, however, kept on, and when he was about six miles from the shore +the fog lifted, and wind and tide all being in his favor, he determined +to make the trial then and there. + +He was in the water fifteen and a half hours, and swam steadily all the +time at the rate of about a mile and a half an hour. + +Swimmers will be interested to know that McNally used the breast stroke +continually, only occasionally changing to a side stroke for relief. + +He never swam on his back. He says that this method of swimming +interferes with the muscles, and gets them out of condition for resuming +the breast stroke. + +Swimmers as a rule seek rest and relief by turning on their backs, so +the opinion of an expert on such a subject is well worth having. + +Apart from the interest we all feel in great feats of strength and +endurance, such an attempt as that made by McNally is valuable to us, as +it shows us the length of time it is possible for a swimmer to remain in +the water without becoming exhausted. + +Swimming is an accomplishment that every boy and girl should acquire, +and the knowledge that if a swimmer keeps cool, and has his wits about +him, he can remain in the water for a considerable period without danger +of drowning, should be taken to heart by every lad and lass who +contemplates boating as a part of the summer's enjoyment. + + G.H. ROSENFELD. + + + + +INVENTION AND DISCOVERY + + +FRUIT-PICKER.--Fruit-picking is such an easy matter for boys that I +think it is the girls who will chiefly appreciate this contrivance. It +too often happens that there will be a very tall tree with fruit well +out of reach, and a girl at the foot of it who is not an expert climber. +Her mouth need no longer water in vain. This fruit-picker is very +ingenious. It consists of scoop-shaped jaws worked by cords and springs, +and mounted on a pole of suitable length. Attached to the jaws is a +long, funnel-shaped bag, which receives the fruit and allows it to drop +without injury right into the fruit-picker's hands. + +[Illustration: Fruit Picker] + +[Illustration: Safety-Brake] + +SAFETY-BRAKE FOR CHILDREN'S CARRIAGES.--So many accidents occur with +baby-carriages that this ought to be a great comfort to mothers, and a +great help to the "little mothers" who mind the babies. Children's +carriages are made so light that their weight is very slight, and a puff +of wind is often enough to set them in motion; and if they chance to be +on an uneven sidewalk they are likely to roll into the road among the +vehicles. This simple brake, which keeps the wheels from moving when the +handle is released, will render this impossible, and make it safe to +leave the carriage, baby and all, without the fear of harm coming to it. + +It seems as if the danger to the children attracted the attention of +more than one person at the same time, for other brakes also have been +brought to our notice, the same in intention, but differing in design. + +[Illustration: Garment Hanger and Stretcher] + +GARMENT HANGER AND STRETCHER.--This is a very simple and ingenious +arrangement to combine a garment hanger and stretcher. The two are made +in one, and consist of a single piece of wire bent backward on itself. +The ends are secured to a support which can be attached to the wall, and +at the other end of the double wire it is bent upward and downward, so +as to form a strong spring holding the two parallel parts closely +together. + +[Illustration: Combination Eraser] + +COMBINATION ERASER.--The combination eraser is a handy little tool, and +seems calculated to find its way to every writing-table. As its name +implies, we find combined in the one tool an eraser, a blade, and a +smoothing-tip fitted in the stem of the blade. Besides this, a brush can +be at will secured to an extension of the tip, thus bringing together +all the implements necessary for erasing. + +[Illustration: Corn-Holder] + +CORN-HOLDER.--Corn is never so sweet as when it is eaten off the cob, +and in spite of burned and greasy fingers too, most people prefer to +enjoy it in that way. This corn-holder will enable one to so enjoy it +without any such drawbacks. It consists of a pair of lever-arms which +work like scissors or shears. One end of each curves inwardly and has a +pointed end which will enter the corn. There is a chain below which will +keep them fixed in the necessary position for firmly holding it. + + + + +CORRESPONDENCE. + + + MR. WILLIAM B. HARISON. + + DEAR SIR: Pardon me for calling your attention to an error + in your valuable paper, THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, which has + many friends here. On page 1,036 you speak of the steamer + _Pewabic_ on Lake Michigan. This should read Lake Huron. The + wreck lays about twenty miles from Alpena. Some of the + readers thought this should be corrected. Hence I take the + liberty of this letter. + + Wishing you best success for the paper, I remain + + Yours truly, + H.H. WITTELSHOFER. + ALPENA, MICH., July 19th, 1897. + + +DEAR SIR: + +We acknowledge the receipt of your letter, with many thanks, and are +much obliged to you for calling our attention to the matter. EDITOR. + + * * * * * + + _To Any Subscriber Securing_ + + For Us =1= _NEW_ + _SUBSCRIPTION_ + + _We Will Send, Post-Paid, + A BOUND VOLUME OF ..._ + + =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD= + + _These volumes are neatly bound in cloth, with title stamped + on side and back, and make a neat library book, handy in + size and weight, and tasteful in appearance._ + + =PART I.= _contains_ + =NOVEMBER 11th, 1896 to FEBRUARY 18th, 1897= + + =PART II.= _contains_ + =FEBRUARY 25th, 1897 to JUNE 3d, 1897= + + ALBERT ROSS PARSONS, _President, American College of + Musicians,_ writes concerning his son, aged 10: "The bound + volume of the first fifteen numbers has remained his daily + mental food and amusement ever since it arrived. I thank you + for your great service both to our young people and to their + elders." + + * * * * * + + =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD= + =3 & 5 WEST 18TH STREET NEW YORK CITY= + + * * * * * + +Remember that text-books will +be taken in exchange for subscriptions +to + + =THE= .. .. + =GREAT ROUND WORLD= + + * * * * * + +=The Second Bound Volume= + +OF + +=THE GREAT ROUND WORLD= + +(Containing Nos. 16 to 30) + +=IS NOW READY= + + + Handsomely bound in strong cloth, with title on side and back. + Price, postage paid, $1.25. Subscribers may exchange their numbers + by sending them to us (express paid) with 35 cents to cover cost of + binding, and 10 cents for return carriage. + + Address +=_3 and 5 West 18th Street, . . . . . . New York City_= + + * * * * * + +TO ANY ONE SENDING US + + + =8= _NEW...._ + _SUBSCRIBERS_ + + WE WILL SEND A + + =JUNIOR RIFLE= + + 22 calibre, highly finished, with rebounding lock, case-hardened + frame, detachable barrel, automatic shell ejector. Weight 4-1/2 + pounds. + +[Illustration: Rifle] + + OR + + + =A "Shattuck New= + =Model" Shot=Gun= + + + Side-snap action, rebounding lock, walnut pistol-grip stock, patent + fore end, rubber butt, and pistol-grip cap, nickel frame, + choke-bored, twist-steel barrel. 12 or 16 gauge. + + =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD= + 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY + + * * * * * + +="The Great Round World" PRIZE CONTEST= + +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD is now over six months old, and it feels some +anxiety to know just how much interest its readers have taken in the +news and how much information they have gained from its pages. To +ascertain this, it has been decided to offer ten prizes for the best +answers to the following: + + =Name ten of the most important events that have been mentioned in + "The Great Round World" in the first 30 numbers, that is, up to + number of June 3d.= + + _In mentioning these events give briefly reasons for considering + them important._ + +This competition will be open to subscribers only, and any one desiring +to enter the competition must send to this office their name and the +date of their subscription; a number will then be given them. + +All new subscribers will be furnished with a card entitling them to +enter the competition. + +In making the selection of important events, remember that wars and +political events are not necessarily the most important. If, for +instance, the air-ship had turned out to be a genuine and successful +thing, it would have been most important as affecting the history of the +world. Or if by chance the telephone or telegraph had been invented in +this period, these inventions would have been _important_ events. + +Prizes will be awarded to those who make the best selection and who +mention the events in the best order of their importance. Answers may be +sent in any time before September 1st. + +The Great Round World does not want you to hurry over this contest, but +to take plenty of time and do the work carefully. It will be a pleasant +occupation for the summer months. + +We would advise you to take the magazines starting at No. 1, look them +over carefully, keep a note-book at your side, and jot down in it the +events that seem to you important; when you have finished them all, No. +1 to 30, look over your notes and select the ten events that seem to you +to be the most important, stating after each event your reason for +thinking it important. + +For instance: suppose you decide that the death of Dr. Ruiz was one of +these important events, you might say, "The killing of Dr. Ruiz in the +prison of Guanabacoa--because it brought the cruelties practised on +American citizens to the attention of our Government," etc., etc. + +In sending your answers put your number and the date only on them, for +the judges are not to know names and addresses of the contestants, that +there may be no favoritism shown. + +It is important to put date on, for if two or more are found of similar +standing, the one first received will be given preference. + +Address all letters to REVIEW PRIZE CONTEST DEPARTMENT, +GREAT ROUND WORLD, 3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City. + + _Write answer on one side of the paper only_ + =Prizes will be selections from the premium catalogue= + + No. 1. Premiums as given for 15 Subscriptions + No. 2. " " " " 12 " + No. 3. " " " " 10 " + No. 4. " " " " 9 " + No. 5. " " " " 8 " + No. 6. " " " " 7 " + No. 7. " " " " 5 " + No. 8. " " " " 5 " + No. 9. " " " " 5 " + No. 10. " " " " 5 " + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 41, August 19, 1897, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + +***** This file should be named 15918.txt or 15918.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/9/1/15918/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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