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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On
+In It, Vol. 1, No. 40, August 12, 1897, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 40, August 12, 1897
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop
+
+Release Date: May 27, 2005 [EBook #15917]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+_FIVE CENTS._
+
+THE GREAT ROUND WORLD
+AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT
+
+  Vol. 1                AUGUST 12, 1897                No. 40.
+[Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second class matter]
+
+[Illustration: A
+WEEKLY
+NEWSPAPER
+FOR
+BOYS AND
+GIRLS]
+
+Subscription
+$2.50 per year
+$1.25 6 months
+
+
+    WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON. PUBLISHER
+    NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY
+
+=Copyright, 1897, by WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+...PREMIUMS...
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TO ANY ONE SENDING US 4 NEW SUBSCRIBERS
+
+[Illustration: A Pocket Kodak
+
+     Measures 2-1/4 x 2-7/8 x 3-7/8 inches, makes a picture 1-1/2 x 2
+     inches, and weighs only 5 ounces. Delivered ready for 12 exposures
+     without reloading.]
+
+The Lens is of the fixed focus type, and of sufficient length of focus
+(2-1/2 inches) to avoid distortion.
+
+Has improved rotary shutter and set of three stops for lens. The slides
+for changing stops and for time exposures are alongside of the exposure
+lever and always show by their position what stop is before the lens and
+whether the shutter is set for time or instantaneous exposures, thus
+acting as a warning.
+
+In the _quality_ of the work they will do, Pocket Kodaks equal the best
+cameras on the market. They make negatives of such perfect quality that
+enlargements of any size can be made from them.
+
+The Pocket Kodaks are covered with fine leather, and the trimmings are
+handsomely finished and lacquered. They are elegant, artistic, and
+durable.
+
+=For one more subscription we will send with this camera a bicycle
+carrying-case=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TO ANY ONE SENDING US 9 NEW SUBSCRIBERS
+
+[Illustration: An Improved
+    =No. 4=
+   Bulls-Eye
+
+     For pictures 4x5 inches; delivered ready for 12 exposures without
+     reloading. Size of camera, 4-7/8 x 5-7/8 x 9-1/4 inches; weight 2
+     pounds 2 ounces; length of focus of lens, 6-1/4 inches.]
+
+Fitted with an achromatic lens of superior quality, having a set of
+three stops; has two finders, one for vertical and one for horizontal
+exposures; and is also provided with two sockets for tripod screws, one
+for vertical and one for horizontal exposures. Fitted with improved
+rotary shutter, for snap-shots or time exposures. Can be loaded in
+daylight. Handsomely finished and covered with leather.
+
+=Both of the above cameras are manufactured by the Eastman Kodak Co.,
+Rochester, N.Y., and this is a guarantee of their worth=
+
+                 =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD=
+     =3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST.         NEW YORK CITY=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+          WE ARE PREPARING
+
+                ==A==
+
+           =MAP OF ALASKA=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+      Corrected to Date, after the Latest
+      Russian and Government Surveys ...
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+             _PRICE, 10 CENTS_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+    EXAMINATIONS
+
+    Have you thought of the Relief Maps for examination work?
+    Are you following from day to day the war in the East?
+
+    Klemm's Relief Practice Maps
+
+     especially adapted to examination work, as they are
+     perfectly free from all political details. Any examination
+     work may be done on them.
+
+     For following the Eastern Question use Klemm's Roman Empire,
+     and record each day's events. Small flags attached to pins,
+     and moved on a map as the armies move, keep the details
+     before you in a most helpful way, especially when you use
+     the Relief Maps.
+
+    SAMPLE SET, RELIEF MAPS (15), $1.00
+    SAMPLE ROMAN EMPIRE, - 10 CENTS
+
+    WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON, - - 5 West 18th Street, N.Y.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Remember that text-books will
+be taken in exchange for subscriptions
+to
+
+                 =THE= .. ..
+              =GREAT ROUND WORLD=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+=The Second Bound Volume=
+
+OF
+
+=THE GREAT ROUND WORLD=
+
+(Containing Nos. 16 to 30)
+
+=IS NOW READY=
+
+     Handsomely bound in strong cloth, with title on side and back.
+     Price, postage paid, $1.25. Subscribers may exchange their numbers
+     by sending them to us (express paid) with 35 cents to cover cost of
+     binding, and 10 cents for return carriage.
+
+  Address
+=_3 and 5 West 18th Street, · · · · · · New York City_=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND
+WORLD
+AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.]
+
+    VOL. 1   AUGUST 12, 1897.   NO. 40
+
+
+Affairs in Spain are assuming a very grave aspect.
+
+The people are so enraged at the continued demands of the Government for
+soldiers and money that riots are breaking out all over the country.
+
+The most serious of the outbreaks has occurred at Barcelona.
+
+We told you some time ago that quantities of arms were stored in
+Barcelona for the use of the Carlists, and that in the event of a
+Carlist rising, Barcelona would be the headquarters of the revolution.
+
+During the past week the riots in that city have assumed such a serious
+character that the Government troops have been ordered out to quell
+them.
+
+These riots are attributed to Carlist influences, because the Carlists
+have long been in a very restless frame of mind, and waiting eagerly for
+Don Carlos to come forward and call them to arms.
+
+The mass of the people in the northern provinces are strongly in his
+favor, and believe that if he were placed on the throne peace and
+prosperity would be restored to Spain.
+
+The attitude of the Carlist party is now considered so threatening that
+the prime minister, Señor Canovas, is reported to have said that the
+most serious of the many troubles which Spain is now called upon to face
+is the probability of a Carlist rising.
+
+In the mean while Don Carlos, the leader of the party, remains quietly
+in his house in Lucerne, Switzerland, and appears to be making no effort
+to secure the throne of Spain.
+
+[Illustration: DON CARLOS.]
+
+The representative of a Swiss newspaper asked him his opinion of the
+Spanish situation.
+
+He replied that he considered it very grave. Speaking of the Cuban war,
+he said that it had been frightfully mismanaged, not so much by Weyler
+as by Gen. Martinez Campos, who was the first general sent out by Spain
+to conquer the insurgents.
+
+In the opinion of Don Carlos, General Weyler is the right man for Cuba.
+
+He refuses to believe that he has done all the cruel things he is
+accused of, but says that his sternness and severity were necessary for
+the occasion, and that Spain should be very grateful to have found such
+a leader at such a time.
+
+When asked about the chances of a Carlist rising, he said that the
+people were urging him to take up arms and come to the rescue of his
+country. He hesitated to do so because he felt that it would be a cruel
+thing for him to plunge his beloved country into the horrors of a civil
+war at a moment when she was already beset with enemies.
+
+He declared that it cost him a great effort to remain deaf to the call
+of his people, but that if matters did not improve, he should feel it
+his duty to come forward and save his country.
+
+In his opinion the United States is only interfering in Cuban affairs
+because she wants to annex Cuba. Were he on the throne of Spain he says
+he would grant such a liberal form of government to the Cubans that they
+would feel it a privilege to remain under the rule of Spain.
+
+The opportunities for Don Carlos to regain the throne of Spain were
+never so favorable as at this moment, and, in spite of his statement, it
+is quite probable that he will obey the wishes of his friends, and do
+his best to secure it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The evidence in the Ruiz case has been laid before our Government.
+
+After careful consideration the State Department has decided that Spain
+is in the wrong.
+
+General Woodford, the new minister to Spain, has therefore been
+instructed to present a claim to the Spanish government for $75,000
+damages to be paid to Mrs. Ruiz. Our minister is also instructed to say
+that his Government has concluded that, under the treaties existing
+between America and Spain, all the proceedings against Dr. Ruiz were
+illegal, and that Spain is absolutely responsible for his death. Under
+these circumstances Spain must pay this sum of money to the unfortunate
+widow.
+
+General Woodford is to add that while the United States would be
+justified in demanding a much larger indemnity for Mrs. Ruiz, the
+friendly feeling that our Government has for Spain has induced us to
+make the sum as moderate as possible.
+
+An endeavor was made on the part of Spain to compromise the matter with
+Mrs. Ruiz, but she refused to treat with the Spanish agents, saying that
+she preferred to leave her claim in the hands of the United States
+Government.
+
+Congress has also taken action in the _Competitor_ case.
+
+The _Competitor_ was an American schooner which sailed for Florida in
+April, 1896.
+
+According to the story told by the captain of the vessel, he was no
+sooner out of sight of land than the passengers took possession of the
+ship, and forced him to change his course and carry them to Cuba.
+
+Their luggage consisted of supplies and ammunition intended for the
+insurgents, and thus, against his will, the captain was forced to
+undertake a filibustering expedition.
+
+The _Competitor_ was sighted by the Spaniards, and captured by them, but
+all but five of the men on board escaped.
+
+Three of these men were Americans who had sailed the ship.
+
+The prisoners were taken ashore and tried by court-martial. They were
+accused of piracy. They pleaded that they had not undertaken the voyage
+to Cuba of their own free will, but had been forced to do so by the
+passengers. They insisted that they were innocent of any intention to
+wrong Spain.
+
+In spite of this they were sentenced to death. They declared themselves
+to be American citizens, and their sentence was suspended until the
+truth about their nationality could be learned.
+
+It was found that they were really Americans, and so the Government
+immediately sent a protest to Spain, and the three men were sent to
+prison until an answer could be received.
+
+After a long time word came from Madrid that the men were to be granted
+a new trial. Ten months have gone by since the new trial was ordered,
+and still these prisoners have not had justice done them. They have been
+kept in close confinement in the Cabanas prison, and have been punished
+as much as if they had been really guilty, but their trial has been put
+off for one reason or another until it now appears as if the authorities
+did not mean to give them an opportunity of securing their freedom.
+
+The schooner has also been held all this time by Spain, and her owners
+are anxious to have her returned that they may have the use of her
+services once more.
+
+After waiting patiently for nearly a year, Congress has at last taken a
+hand in the matter.
+
+A joint resolution has been passed, empowering the President to take
+such steps as he thinks fit to secure the release of the prisoners, and
+to have the boat restored to her owners.
+
+The resolution also gives the President authority to employ such means
+and use such power as he may think necessary to accomplish this purpose.
+
+The Spaniards are angry at the action we have taken in both the Ruiz and
+_Competitor_ cases, but their especial anger is vented on our consuls in
+Cuba.
+
+General Lee has been informed that if the Spaniards were revengeful
+instead of noble, he would not long be allowed to remain at his post and
+foment trouble between Spain and America.
+
+The consul in Matanzas has been forced to fortify the Consulate in
+consequence of the threats which have been made against the Americans
+there. He has done this to afford a safe shelter for the Americans in
+Matanzas in case trouble should break out.
+
+While the authorities in Cuba are feeling angry with us on account of
+the Ruiz and _Competitor_ cases, the Government in Spain has a fresh
+cause of annoyance against us.
+
+This has arisen through a despatch sent by the Spanish minister in
+Washington.
+
+Señor Dupuy de Lome writes his Government that he has received full
+information in regard to the instructions that have been given to
+General Woodford.
+
+He says that the minister has been instructed by the Secretary of State
+to tell Spain that the United States thinks the war in Cuba has lasted
+long enough, and that the Americans cannot stand quietly by and allow
+the struggle to go on as it has much longer. Our minister is to inform
+Spain that if the war is not soon brought to a close the United States
+will interfere, and that, under any circumstances, warfare, as carried
+on by General Weyler, must be stopped instantly, as the United States
+will not permit it to continue.
+
+The Spaniards are highly incensed at this, and are feeling very
+unfriendly toward General Woodford.
+
+If this statement is really true, it is a pity that it should have been
+made public, because it has been definitely stated that the President
+will not allow any unfriendly act toward Spain until it is absolutely
+sure that General Woodford is unable to make a peaceful settlement.
+
+Our minister leaves for Spain very shortly. At first it seemed as though
+there would be a long delay before he could be officially received by
+the Queen Regent, because the Court had left Madrid and gone to San
+Sebastian for the summer.
+
+It seems that the Spanish court observes very little ceremony during the
+summer season, and as the reception of an ambassador is a very important
+and ceremonious affair, the Queen Regent decided to put it off until the
+return to Madrid.
+
+This delay was very annoying to us. The Cuban questions are too pressing
+to be allowed to wait until the autumn, and no business could be
+transacted with the Spanish Government until we had a property
+recognized representative there.
+
+Happily for us, Japan has helped us out of the difficulty.
+
+The Mikado has sent a special mission to the Spanish court to present
+the young King Alphonso with his sacred order of the Chrysanthemum.
+
+It would not be at all polite to keep the Japanese ambassadors waiting
+all summer to make their presentation, and so there is to be a great
+court function to receive the messengers of the Mikado, and General
+Woodford will be recognized at the same time.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The condition of the Spanish troops is reported to grow worse every day.
+
+It is said that their uniforms are ragged and torn, and they look more
+like tramps than the representatives of a European army.
+
+They are said to go through the streets of Havana begging coppers from
+the passers-by, and asking bread from door to door.
+
+It is said that numbers of loyal Spanish merchants are leaving the
+island, because they are forced to supply the soldiers with food without
+receiving any payment in return. They prefer to leave Cuba rather than
+be ruined.
+
+In the mean while Havana has been thrown into a panic by the report that
+General Gomez is marching on the city. The truth of the rumor could not
+be ascertained, but the fear was strengthened by the sudden return of
+General Weyler, who had gone off on one of his famous pacifying
+expeditions.
+
+No sooner had Weyler returned than he began to make extraordinary
+preparations to defend the city, and so it is generally believed in
+Havana that the report is true.
+
+It is known positively that the Cubans are very near the city, and that
+Gomez has issued orders to all the insurgent leaders to press the war
+forward with unceasing activity.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It seems that the Sultan has really been brought to terms.
+
+The ambassadors, if you remember, gave him a stern refusal to treat with
+any one but Tewfik Pasha, and repeated their demand for a written
+acceptance of the frontier.
+
+After this meeting with Tewfik the diplomats held a conference which
+resulted in the preparation of a note to their governments in which they
+gave it as their opinion that the Sultan could never be brought to terms
+unless some decided action was taken.
+
+The Sultan heard of this, and became alarmed.
+
+He therefore sent one of his ministers, Yussuf Bey, to the ambassadors,
+urging them to do nothing hastily, but assuring them that if they would
+only have patience for a few days, everything could be satisfactorily
+arranged.
+
+But the ambassadors had had enough of delay, and they dismissed Yussuf
+Bey, telling him politely that they could not possibly wait any longer.
+
+The Sultan became still more uneasy, but he was anxious to put the
+matter off a little longer, until he could have a final understanding
+with Germany.
+
+It seems that the Emperor William's reply to his note gave the Sultan
+some hope that he was still inclined to side with him, in case of
+trouble.
+
+While he was still looking about for a good excuse, he received a
+message from the German Kaiser, which put a sudden end to all his hopes
+of an alliance.
+
+The German ambassador arrived at the palace of the Sultan with the
+information that the Kaiser, his master, had just telegraphed him to say
+to the Sultan from him that he must immediately obey the wishes of the
+Powers.
+
+Following closely on this unwelcome visit came a message from the Czar
+of Russia, telling the Sultan that unless he immediately withdrew his
+soldiers from Thessaly, the Russian troops would cross the Turkish
+border.
+
+Thus driven into a corner, the Sultan saw that the only thing left for
+him to do was to yield.
+
+He therefore sent a message to the representatives of the Powers, that
+he had at last been able to induce the Grand Vizier to consent to
+withdraw from Turkey, and as this had been the only stumbling-block in
+the pathway of peace, he had issued an order to the Porte (the Turkish
+Government) authorizing them to accept the frontier as laid out by the
+Powers.
+
+It would seem that this action on the part of Turkey had removed all
+obstacles, and that there would now be nothing to prevent the peace
+negotiations from being carried through. Nobody, however, believes that
+the trouble is over. It is thought that Turkey will make every possible
+delay in arranging to leave Thessaly, and also in accepting the new plan
+of government for Crete.
+
+The Turkish troops have not as yet been withdrawn from Crete, and while
+the Christian inhabitants are settling down, and becoming reconciled to
+the new plan of government, their hatred of the Turks is in no degree
+lessened.
+
+Conflicts between the Turks and the Christians are of daily occurrence.
+The allied fleets have had to make a demand on Turkey that the soldiers
+shall give up their arms, as the rioting is so incessant.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The British House of Commons will not allow the Transvaal scandal to
+die out as quietly as the Government hoped.
+
+We told you about the two reports that had been sent in; well, the
+member of Parliament who gave the second report has offered a resolution
+that Mr. Cecil Rhodes be removed from his position in the South African
+Company.
+
+Further than this, it has been decided that a complete change shall be
+made in the directors of this too powerful company, which has already
+been able to plunge the British Government into so much trouble.
+
+Complaints have been made that the company under its president, Mr.
+Cecil Rhodes, has abused the privileges thus given by the Government. In
+addition to the affair in the Transvaal, the company has treated the
+natives of Mashonaland with great severity, taking their cattle away
+from them, and forcing them to live in a condition bordering on slavery.
+
+It has therefore been decided to modify the terms of the charter to such
+a degree that the South African Company can only manage the commercial
+affairs of their territory, all matters relating to its foreign policy
+being henceforth in the hands of the British Government.
+
+The House of Commons has been forced to agree to an open discussion of
+the Transvaal Raid, when the matter of punishing Mr. Rhodes is to be
+decided upon. Mr. Hawkesly, the lawyer who holds the missing cablegrams,
+is also to be summoned before Parliament, and forced to produce them.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The last steamer from Japan brought a renewed protest from the
+Government against the annexation of Hawaii.
+
+Japan insists that Hawaii must remain an independent country. She says
+that as soon as the Panama or Nicaragua canals are opened the importance
+of the Sandwich Islands will be greatly increased, and that it is
+necessary to the welfare of Japan that her independence be preserved.
+
+The Japanese minister is reported to have declared that "annexation must
+not be recognized. Japan must oppose it to the utmost."
+
+In spite of this the Senate is going right ahead with the business of
+the treaty.
+
+In the mean while the Secretary of the Navy is making all the ships at
+his command ready for service, so that we shall not be altogether
+unprepared to defend ourselves if occasion arises.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There is not very much to tell in regard to the strike. No settlement
+has been reached, and there is not much likelihood that the miners and
+masters will come to any understanding at present.
+
+We told you that some of the miners had stood out against the offer of
+better wages, and refused to go to work until the condition of their
+fellows throughout the country had been improved.
+
+All the miners have not been as brave and loyal as these men.
+
+In some parts of Western Virginia, such excellent wages have been
+offered to the men, that they have weakened and gone back to work in
+spite of the fact that the labor agitators have been constantly urging
+them to remain firm.
+
+They have been telling the men that they will secure great benefits if
+they will only hold together.
+
+At one time there was some hope that the men might submit the whole
+matter to arbitration, but this seems doubtful.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Another report about the use of the X rays in the French Custom-House
+has reached us.
+
+This time the rays were applied to thirty packages which had arrived by
+parcels-post. It took but fifteen minutes to examine the whole of these
+packets, and their contents were discovered without the necessity of
+breaking a seal or untying a string.
+
+The amusing part of the story is that the thirty persons to whom the
+parcels were addressed had been asked by the officers if there was
+anything dutiable in them, and all had replied in the negative.
+
+The confusion and trouble were therefore great when forbidden articles
+were found in twenty-seven out of the thirty packets.
+
+The French officials are very strict about such matters, and enforce
+heavy fines for attempting to bring things into their country without
+paying duty on them.
+
+The senders had had no idea that the X rays would be used on the
+packages, and had arranged them so that on opening they would appear to
+contain nothing dutiable.
+
+One basket was labelled fruit. Had it been opened in the ordinary way
+the officers would have found nothing but apricots and plums, unless
+they went to the trouble of emptying the whole basket out--a thing that
+is seldom done. When the X rays got to work on this packet a pair of
+patent-leather shoes was revealed, hidden away amongst the fruit.
+
+Another bundle was labelled, "Specimens of clothing--without value."
+
+No sooner was it held before the X rays than it was seen that a quantity
+of cigarettes and English matches were rolled away inside the linen.
+
+All this was found out without so much as breaking a seal or untying a
+string.
+
+At the same time that the news of this excellent use for the X ray
+reached us, we observed statements from several prominent doctors and
+electricians, warning people of the danger of using this wonderful light
+without a proper knowledge of its properties.
+
+It seems that under certain circumstances the X ray is capable of
+inflicting a very serious wound. It acts in the same way as fire does,
+and burns the skin so severely that it is a very long time in healing.
+
+Nikola Tesla, the great electrician, says, however, that this trouble
+only arises from want of knowledge as to the proper way to handle the
+rays. If they are held at a certain distance from the skin, there is not
+the slightest danger of accident.
+
+The curious part of the wound inflicted by the X ray is that the burn is
+not felt at the time the mischief is being done. A person can allow his
+skin to be exposed to the X rays until it is badly burned without
+experiencing any pain until some time after the damage has been done.
+The injured part first swells, and then shows all the symptoms of a
+burn.
+
+One man who had exposed his foot to the rays to discover a rifle-ball
+that was lodged in his heel received a burn that took eleven months to
+heal.
+
+It seems curious that such a severe injury could be inflicted without
+any warning of pain. No sensation of warmth is felt until the part is
+burned, and then, according to Mr. Tesla, the pain does not seem to be
+on the surface as in ordinary burns, but deep-seated, in the very bones
+themselves.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There is fresh news from Brazil and Uruguay.
+
+In Brazil, the insurgents, under their leader, Anton Conselhiero, were
+defeated, and the town of Canudos, which had been their stronghold, was
+taken from them.
+
+So severe and crushing was the defeat which they sustained, that it is
+thought that the revolution has been brought to an end.
+
+The battle lasted four hours, the rebels fighting with great courage and
+determination. The well-trained government troops proved too strong for
+them, however, and when the Brazilian artillery was brought to the
+front, and began to pour a steady fire into the rebel army, the ranks
+were broken and the insurgents fled for their lives.
+
+The Brazilians pursued them hotly, and it is said that when the fight
+was over Conselhiero's army was almost annihilated.
+
+In Uruguay the rebels have gained the upper hand, and it is hoped that
+that war will also be brought to a close very shortly.
+
+The Uruguayan insurgents were much stronger than the Brazilian; indeed,
+they outnumbered the government troops, and fought so fiercely that
+Uruguay had to give in and ask for an armistice.
+
+This the rebels granted, and during the cessation of hostilities
+negotiations for peace were immediately set on foot.
+
+The terms of peace which the rebels offered were that they should have
+the right to choose the next President of Uruguay, and the governors of
+six of its provinces. They also demanded that all insurgents who had
+been dismissed from the regular army should be reinstated, and all who
+had been exiled on account of the rebellion should be allowed to return
+to their homes.
+
+The Government is not willing to grant these terms, but it is thought
+that the rebels are so strong that they will be able to insist on the
+acceptance of their conditions.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Company E, of the Eighth New York Regiment, has started on an important
+military expedition.
+
+It is the desire of the commanders to find out just what the practical
+value of a bicycle would be in time of war.
+
+To demonstrate this, Company E, which is the bicycle company of the
+regiment, received orders to make a week's trip on Long Island, instead
+of going to the state camp as usual.
+
+It is the intention to have the command cover a distance of five hundred
+miles during the week, each man carrying with him the regulation kit of
+a soldier on the march.
+
+This outfit consists of the canteen or water-bottle, knife, fork, spoon,
+and combination frying-pan and plate, a blanket to sleep in, and of
+course a rifle, bayonet, and cartridge-box.
+
+With the bicycle command, all these articles had to be stowed away so
+that the hands should be free to control the wheel.
+
+The blanket was therefore strapped on the handle-bars, the musket slung
+under the saddle, the cartridge-box and bayonet hung from the soldier's
+belt, and slung across the shoulders were the canteen and a haversack
+containing all the other articles.
+
+With all these articles the bicycle will be heavily loaded, and one of
+the points which the authorities especially wish to prove is whether it
+is possible for men to make any distance on wheels when they are so
+heavily weighted.
+
+The baggage that we have described is the very least that a soldier can
+carry, and if no great distance can be accomplished with such a load,
+the wheel is of little value for purposes of war.
+
+The military authorities are also desirous of proving just how reliable
+the bicycle itself is. Every one knows what the wheel can do on a level
+road or smooth track, but it has not been demonstrated how a troop of
+wheels will last on rough country roads.
+
+Company E has taken no tents; the men are to sleep under such cover as
+they may find on the way. No food has been taken, or provided for; the
+men will have to forage, or seek for their own rations.
+
+Their one extra is a bicycle ambulance. This is a very novel affair, and
+is made of a covered stretcher slung between two tandems. The men have
+been allowed to put kettles and coffee-pots inside the stretcher at the
+start, but if in case of illness the ambulance is needed, even these
+small comforts will be left behind.
+
+They have with them an engineer to make maps, and a photographer, who
+has a camera slung under his saddle instead of a musket.
+
+The experiment is to be made on Long Island. When the Shinnecock Hills
+are reached, two days will be spent in scouting and reconnoitring, with
+skirmishes and sham fights to follow.
+
+They will thus have a week of practical campaigning.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+While we are on the subject of wheels we are reminded of a recent
+decision that bicycling is illegal on Sunday in New Jersey.
+
+This fact came out through a lawsuit. Two cyclists were riding in the
+town of Westfield, N.J., one Sunday, and came into collision, one of
+their wheels being wrecked.
+
+The man whose wheel was damaged claimed that the accident was due to the
+other's carelessness, and sued for twenty-five dollars to cover repairs
+to his machine.
+
+When the case came into court, and the judge heard that the affair had
+occurred on Sunday, he dismissed the complaint.
+
+He stated that bicycling on Sunday was an illegal practice, and that no
+one could come before a court and ask for protection from an accident
+that had happened to him when he was engaged in an occupation that was
+against the law.
+
+This decision will be a great surprise to a good many young folks, who
+have hitherto regarded Sunday as their best day to go a-wheeling.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We told you about Mr. Andrée, who made an effort last year to reach the
+North Pole by balloon, and who intended to repeat the experiment this
+year from Spitzbergen. The news has just reached us that he has made his
+start.
+
+On the 15th of July, the wind being in a favorable direction, Mr. Andrée
+determined to begin his dangerous voyage.
+
+Being anxious to get away before the wind should change or die out, the
+preparations were hurried forward, and in three hours and a half after
+he decided to make his attempt, all was in readiness.
+
+Accompanying the daring explorer were two other venturesome men, Mr.
+Strindberg and Mr. Fraenkel.
+
+Stepping into the car, they gave the word to have the balloon cut loose.
+They rose rapidly till they were about six hundred feet in the air, but
+at this altitude a cross-current struck them, and they were driven
+earthward again until they almost touched a projecting rock.
+
+It was feared that the attempt had failed, but the three men in the car
+set to work vigorously throwing out some of the sand-bags that had been
+put in the car for ballast, to steady it, and the balloon soon rose
+again and continued on her course.
+
+The weather was clear, and the _Eagle_, as the balloon was called, was
+visible for an hour. It appeared to be moving at the rate of twenty-two
+miles an hour, and to be taking the exact direction that Mr. Andrée had
+wished that it should.
+
+The adventurers expected to reach the Pole in two or three days, but had
+prepared themselves for a trip of as many months.
+
+Nothing has as yet been heard or seen of the balloon. Russian steamers
+have been sent along the coast of Siberia in search of it, and it is
+hoped that some news may be gleaned through the circulars that the Czar
+caused to be sent among all the peoples around the Polar regions, asking
+them to watch for the balloon, and report it as soon as seen (see page
+860).
+
+[Illustration: A Homing Pigeon]
+
+A good deal of excitement was caused by the capture of a carrier-pigeon
+in Norway.
+
+Stamped on the bird's wings was "North Pole, 142 W. 47.62."
+
+It was thought at first that it was one of the birds which had been
+taken by Andrée on his expedition, and that the North Pole had been
+discovered.
+
+It was found, however, that Andrée's birds were all marked "Andrée,
+A.D. 1897," and after a few days of excitement and wonder, it came out
+that the bird belonged to a German pigeon-flying society, and that it
+had been released in Heligoland.
+
+Carrier-pigeons are a particular breed of pigeon which have the
+wonderful quality of flying home no matter how far away they are
+carried.
+
+Societies have been formed to fly these wonderful birds, and they have
+been taken hundreds of miles away, over seas, to test this strange
+quality.
+
+The result has always been the same: the moment they are released they
+circle round and round for a time, as if trying to make out their
+bearings, and then fly off straight for home.
+
+This attribute has made them of great value to man in many ways.
+
+In times of war, messages have been sent by their aid.
+
+A man has made his way out of a besieged city, taking one of the birds
+with him, and by its aid has been able to send word back that he has
+reached his friends and will bring the needed help.
+
+The Emperor of Germany has just got himself into trouble over
+carrier-pigeons.
+
+Wishing to see for how long a distance they could be relied on in case
+of war, he sent a messenger over to England, who carried with him a
+great number of these clever birds.
+
+They were all marked so that they could be recognized, and on the shores
+of Dover, England, they were set free. Six hours after they had all
+found their way back to Düsseldorf, Germany.
+
+The despatching of these birds attracted the attention of the English
+people about Dover, and when it was discovered that they were the
+property of the Emperor of Germany there was a good deal of talk over
+it.
+
+The English people are always afraid that some foreign nation is going
+to try and invade their country, and imagining there was some deep and
+dark foreign plot underlying the pigeon-flying, they demanded of the
+authorities if the German Emperor had obtained permission to fly his
+birds.
+
+When it was found that permission had neither been asked nor accorded,
+the fear of a plot grew so strong that the matter was finally carried to
+the House of Commons, and an explanation demanded.
+
+The Under Secretary of War stated that the subject was already under
+consideration.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A rock covered with curious characters has recently been discovered in
+Mexico, in the mountains of the Magdalena district, state of Sonora.
+
+The characters appeared to resemble the Chinese so closely that a
+well-educated Chinaman was asked to go to see the rock and give his
+opinion about it.
+
+He had no sooner looked at it than he declared it to be a veritable
+Chinese inscription. He made a copy of it, and has already translated
+enough to show that the writing was cut in the stone about two thousand
+years ago.
+
+There are ten lines of characters on the parts of the rock exposed to
+view.
+
+The Chinaman who translated the inscription said it was an account of a
+Chinese settlement that had once been established in the place where the
+stone was found. He said that in the history of China there was a
+record of an expedition which had been sent to that portion of the
+western coast which is now Mexico.
+
+If this is true, the Continent of North America was discovered by the
+Chinese centuries before the time of Columbus.
+
+Evidence is coming to light in various parts of the globe of the
+tremendous journeys that were undertaken by the Chinese in the early
+days of civilization.
+
+It has lately been discovered that they at one time formed colonies in
+the islands of the Pacific Ocean.
+
+In Australia evidences have also been discovered of Chinese habitation.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It has been reported that King Menelik of Abyssinia has appointed a
+Russian General to be the Governor-General of those provinces of
+Abyssinia which lie in and around the equator.
+
+The appointment of a foreigner to such a post shows very distinctly that
+the Negus is really anxious to shed the light of civilization upon his
+people.
+
+M. de Leontieff, the Russian appointed by King Menelik, has already made
+two visits to Abyssinia, and is therefore well known to the King. He was
+at one time the bearer of rich presents from the Czar to the Negus.
+
+The position which M. de Leontieff will hold under Menelik is similar to
+that held by General Gordon in Egypt. Gordon found many opportunities to
+improve the condition of the people under his authority, and as M. de
+Leontieff is a very intelligent man, he will undoubtedly do all in his
+power to help King Menelik to develop his country.      G.H. ROSENFELD.
+
+
+
+
+THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND THE
+PEOPLE WHO LIVED ON IT.  1144
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+
+It is not for nothing, then, that we are taught in church to call all
+men our brethren, and we must learn to realize that all the nations of
+the earth are akin to us and to one another, and that the differences
+between them in looks, in moral qualities, and in mind are really not
+much more than what we often see in the members of one large family,
+where one brother may be a genius and make a great name or a fortune for
+himself, while another will never get beyond the simplest schooling and,
+later on, the plainest work as laborer or poorly paid clerk. Take the
+most light-complexioned child to the tropics, and there let him lead an
+outdoor life--hunting, herding cattle, building, ploughing, and
+harvesting--then look at the middle-aged man; you will find him burnt by
+the sun, tanned by wind and weather to a dark brown which will not
+bleach off even should he return to his native northern country to live.
+His children will be born darker than he was, his grandchildren probably
+darker still, and so on. What, then, must be the change should the
+descendants of a particular set of men live thousands--not hundreds, but
+thousands--of years in one particular zone of the earth, under the same
+conditions of climate, food, and local nature generally--what we call
+"environment"?
+
+This is exactly what happened to those detachments which once upon a
+time separated from the original human family. Each may have gone forth
+at random, but there was the earth to choose from and to be had for the
+taking; and, wherever such a detachment settled, there was nothing to
+prevent its posterity staying on and on, and developing their own
+peculiarities under local influences; for it would take many, many
+centuries before there would again be a lack of room and the process of
+separation would be repeated. Thus were formed the subdivisions of the
+human kind, with their striking characteristics and distinctive
+peculiarities, which we call the great Races of the World.
+
+Now, if this thing were to happen to any one of us--that we should
+discover brothers and kinsfolk of whom we knew nothing before--we would
+be very curious to find out all we could about them: where they came
+from, what had happened to them during all those years until they
+settled where we found them, and when and why they separated from their
+forefathers, who were also our own. These are the very things we want to
+find out about the various nations who live in the world now, and those
+who have lived in it before anything existed of what is now in the
+world, all the way back to the beginning.
+
+The task is quite easy, so long as we have books to help us, histories
+to tell us year by year all that went on in every part of the Great
+Round World, as our newspapers tell us day by day what is going on in it
+now. But books do not take us very far back. It is only four hundred
+years since printing was invented, and not more than six hundred since
+the art of making paper out of rags has been known. But people could
+write hundreds and hundreds of years before that was invented, and used
+almost anything to record the memorable doings of their day--bark of
+trees, skins of animals (parchment), "papyrus," a material made of the
+fibres of a plant. Short inscriptions over the entrances of temples and
+palaces, or cut with the chisel on monuments erected in memory of great
+events or above the graves of famous men, and long inscriptions covering
+whole walls or even the face of high rocks smoothed for the purpose,
+were like so many stone books, pages of which are continually discovered
+and read by our scholars.
+
+But we come at last to times so remote that there is not a trace of the
+roughest writing, not a fragment of the crudest monument, to tell us the
+story of the men who, then as now, must have thought and labored and
+invented, only so much more slowly, under difficulties which we can
+hardly picture to ourselves. "What, then," is the natural question,
+"what can we know of such times, and of earlier ones still? How do we
+know things happened in the manner described a few pages back?" We know
+it, in the first place, _by analogy_, _i.e._, because the same things
+have happened over and over again in the same manner in times which we
+know all about, _and are happening now, under our eyes_--for what is the
+constant tide of immigration which keeps coming in from the East but,
+under modern conditions, the same swarming off from overcrowded native
+hives of seekers after more land and new fortunes? In the second place,
+the oldest races of the world left abundant traces by which we can
+determine not only the places of their settlements, but their mode of
+life and the degree of culture they successively reached.
+
+There has certainly been a time when men did not know enough to build
+dwellings for themselves--or, not to be unfair, had not the necessary
+tools--but lived in the forests which then very nearly covered the
+globe, using such natural shelter as they found ready for them, almost
+like the savage animals which it was their main business to fight and
+kill in self-defence and also for food and clothing. Caverns in steep
+mountain-sides must have been their most luxurious, because safest and
+best-protected, retreats. Many dozens of such caverns are known in all
+parts of the world, and the tale they tell is not difficult to read.
+Several have become very famous, from the wealth of finds with which
+they rewarded the searchers. Some appear to have been used as
+burying-places, for the ground in them is covered to a great depth with
+broken-up human skulls and skeletons, while outside, on the rocky ledges
+or platforms before the mouth of the cavern, are found the traces of
+large fires, built again and again on the same spot--ashes, and cinders,
+and charred bones of animals; also broken marrow-bones, horns, hoofs,
+and other remains of plentiful meals, showing that then already it was
+the custom to feast at funerals.
+
+Other caverns have as certainly been used as dwellings. Hence the name
+of "cave-dwellers," which has been given to those otherwise unknown
+races. How very crude and primitive their mode of life is shown by the
+vast quantities of tools and weapons in hard flint--generally
+broken--which are found intermixed with the other remains. They are very
+simple: heads of spears, blades of knives and scrapers, some indented
+like coarse saws, hatchets and mallets chipped into shape with no
+attempt at polishing--such, with occasional variations in bone, was the
+sum total of the cave-dwellers' equipment for the chase, for war, and
+for domestic purposes. That they could, with such slender resources,
+hold their own against the animals whose haunts they shared and who then
+were so much more numerous than men, is the more wonderful that those
+animals were of monstrous size, more than twice the size of the same
+kinds now, not to speak of some huge beasts which then roamed woods and
+plains in herds and are now wholly extinct--such as the mammoth, the
+ancestor of our elephant.
+
+In all those heaps of tools and fragments, not a trace of any metal has
+been found; wherefore this oldest of all times of which we can catch
+stray glimpses has been given the general name of "Age of Stone."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+        _To Any Subscriber Securing_
+
+             For Us =1= _NEW_
+                        _SUBSCRIPTION_
+
+              _We Will Send, Post-Paid,
+                A BOUND VOLUME OF ..._
+
+               =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD=
+
+     _These volumes are neatly bound in cloth, with title stamped
+     on side and back, and make a neat library book, handy in
+     size and weight, and tasteful in appearance._
+
+    =PART I.= _contains_
+       =NOVEMBER 11th, 1896 to FEBRUARY 18th, 1897=
+
+    =PART II.= _contains_
+       =FEBRUARY 25th, 1897 to JUNE 3d, 1897=
+
+     ALBERT ROSS PARSONS, _President, American College of
+     Musicians,_ writes concerning his son, aged 10: "The bound
+     volume of the first fifteen numbers has remained his daily
+     mental food and amusement ever since it arrived. I thank you
+     for your great service both to our young people and to their
+     elders."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                            =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD=
+                =3 & 5 WEST 18TH STREET       NEW YORK CITY=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Do you Cover your Books?
+
+    THE "ONE PIECE"
+    ADJUSTABLE BOOK COVERS
+
+are made of the strongest and best book-cover paper obtainable. This paper
+is made in large quantities especially for these book covers and will
+protect books perfectly. The book covers themselves are a marvel of
+ingenuity, and, although they are in one piece and can be adjusted to fit
+perfectly any sized book without cutting the paper, they are also so
+simple that any boy or girl can use them; as they are already gummed they
+are always ready for use.
+
+A sample dozen will be mailed to any address for 20 cents (or ten two-cent
+stamps) if you write
+
+               WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON
+    3 and 5 West 18th Street,       New York City
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: Net]
+
+TO ANY ONE SENDING US
+
+     =12 New ...=
+        =Subscribers=
+
+                    WE WILL SEND (EXPRESS PAID) A FULL
+
+                           =Lawn Tennis Set=
+
+                            CONSISTING OF
+
+                          3 "BOY'S" RACQUETS
+                          1 "DRIVE" RACQUET
+                          4 STANDARD TENNIS BALLS
+                          1 NET, 27 x 3 FEET
+                          2 JOINTED POLES
+                          1 MALLET
+                          1 SET OF GUY ROPES
+
+     Complete in neat box, with set of this year's rules.
+
+[Illustration: Divider]
+
+            THE GREAT ROUND WORLD
+     3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST.  NEW YORK CITY
+
+       *       *       *       *
+
+="The Great Round World" PRIZE CONTEST=
+
+THE GREAT ROUND WORLD is now over six months old, and it feels some
+anxiety to know just how much interest its readers have taken in the
+news and how much information they have gained from its pages. To
+ascertain this, it has been decided to offer ten prizes for the best
+answers to the following:
+
+     =Name ten of the most important events that have been mentioned in
+     "The Great Round World" in the first 30 numbers, that is, up to
+     number of June 3d.=
+
+     _In mentioning these events give briefly reasons for considering
+     them important._
+
+This competition will be open to subscribers only, and any one desiring
+to enter the competition must send to this office their name and the
+date of their subscription; a number will then be given them.
+
+All new subscribers will be furnished with a card entitling them to
+enter the competition.
+
+In making the selection of important events, remember that wars and
+political events are not necessarily the most important. If, for
+instance, the air-ship had turned out to be a genuine and successful
+thing, it would have been most important as affecting the history of the
+world. Or if by chance the telephone or telegraph had been invented in
+this period, these inventions would have been _important_ events.
+
+Prizes will be awarded to those who make the best selection and who
+mention the events in the best order of their importance. Answers may be
+sent in any time before September 1st.
+
+The Great Round World does not want you to hurry over this contest, but
+to take plenty of time and do the work carefully. It will be a pleasant
+occupation for the summer months.
+
+We would advise you to take the magazines starting at No. 1, look them
+over carefully, keep a note-book at your side, and jot down in it the
+events that seem to you important; when you have finished them all, No.
+1 to 30, look over your notes and select the ten events that seem to you
+to be the most important, stating after each event your reason for
+thinking it important.
+
+For instance: suppose you decide that the death of Dr. Ruiz was one of
+these important events, you might say, "The killing of Dr. Ruiz in the
+prison of Guanabacoa--because it brought the cruelties practised on
+American citizens to the attention of our Government," etc., etc.
+
+In sending your answers put your number and the date only on them, for
+the judges are not to know names and addresses of the contestants, that
+there may be no favoritism shown.
+
+It is important to put date on, for if two or more are found of similar
+standing, the one first received will be given preference.
+
+Address all letters to REVIEW PRIZE CONTEST DEPARTMENT,
+GREAT ROUND WORLD, 3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City.
+
+          _Write answer on one side of the paper only_
+     =Prizes will be selections from the premium catalogue=
+
+         No. 1. Premiums as given for 15 Subscriptions
+         No. 2.    "      "   "    "  12        "
+         No. 3.    "      "   "    "  10        "
+         No. 4.    "      "   "    "   9        "
+         No. 5.    "      "   "    "   8        "
+         No. 6.    "      "   "    "   7        "
+         No. 7.    "      "   "    "   5        "
+         No. 8.    "      "   "    "   5        "
+         No. 9.    "      "   "    "   5        "
+         No. 10.   "      "   "    "   5        "
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is
+Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 40, August 12, 1897, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND ***
+
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diff --git a/15917-8.zip b/15917-8.zip
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" />
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 40, August 12, 1897, by Julia Truitt Bishop.
+    </title>
+    <style type="text/css">
+/*<![CDATA[  XML blockout */
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+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On
+In It, Vol. 1, No. 40, August 12, 1897, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 40, August 12, 1897
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop
+
+Release Date: May 27, 2005 [EBook #15917]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="figcenter"><a href="./images/cover.png"><img src="./images/cover-tb.png" alt="Cover Illustration, Globe" title="Cover Illustration, Globe" /></a></div>
+<div class='center'><b>Copyright, 1897, by <span class='smcap'>William Beverley Harison</span></b></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+
+<h1>...PREMIUMS...</h1>
+
+<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/premiumsdiv.png" alt="divider" title="divider" /></div>
+
+
+<h3>TO ANY ONE SENDING US 4 NEW SUBSCRIBERS</h3>
+
+
+<h2>A Pocket Kodak</h2>
+
+<div class="figleft"><img src="./images/pocketkodak.png" alt="A Pocket Kodak" title="A Pocket Kodak" /></div>
+
+<p>Measures 2-1/4 x 2-7/8 x 3-7/8 inches, makes a picture 1-1/2 x 2 inches,
+and weighs only 5 ounces. Delivered ready for 12 exposures without
+reloading.</p>
+
+<p>The Lens is of the fixed focus type, and of sufficient length of focus
+(2-1/2 inches) to avoid distortion.</p>
+
+<p>Has improved rotary shutter and set of three stops for lens. The slides
+for changing stops and for time exposures are alongside of the exposure
+lever and always show by their position what stop is before the lens and
+whether the shutter is set for time or instantaneous exposures, thus
+acting as a warning.</p>
+
+<p>In the <i>quality</i> of the work they will do, Pocket Kodaks equal the best
+cameras on the market. They make negatives of such perfect quality that
+enlargements of any size can be made from them.</p>
+
+<p>The Pocket Kodaks are covered with fine leather, and the trimmings are
+handsomely finished and lacquered. They are elegant, artistic, and
+durable.</p>
+
+<div class='center'><b>For one more subscription we will send with this camera a bicycle
+carrying-case</b></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<h3>TO ANY ONE SENDING US 9 NEW SUBSCRIBERS</h3>
+
+<h2>An Improved</h2>
+<h4>No. 4 </h4>
+<h2>Bulls-Eye</h2>
+
+<div class="figright"><img src="./images/bullseye.png" alt="A Pocket Kodak" title="A Pocket Kodak" /></div>
+
+<p>For pictures 4x5 inches; delivered ready for 12 exposures without
+reloading. Size of camera, 4-7/8 x 5-7/8 x 9-1/4 inches; weight 2 pounds
+2 ounces; length of focus of lens, 6-1/4 inches.</p>
+
+<p>Fitted with an achromatic lens of superior quality, having a set of
+three stops; has two finders, one for vertical and one for horizontal
+exposures; and is also provided with two sockets for tripod screws, one
+for vertical and one for horizontal exposures. Fitted with improved
+rotary shutter, for snap-shots or time exposures. Can be loaded in
+daylight. Handsomely finished and covered with leather.</p>
+
+<div class='center'><b>Both of the above cameras are manufactured by the Eastman Kodak Co.,
+Rochester, N.Y., and this is a guarantee of their worth</b></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class='center'>
+<span class='smcap'><b>The Great Round World</b></span><br />
+<span class='smcap'><b>3 and 5 West 18th St.</b></span> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;    <b>NEW YORK CITY</b><br />
+</div>
+
+
+<h2>WE ARE PREPARING</h2>
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">==a==</span></h3>
+
+<h2>MAP OF ALASKA</h2>
+
+<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/alaskadiv.png" alt="Divider" title="Divider" /></div>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<span class="u">Corrected to Date, after the Latest<br />
+Russian and Government Surveys ...</span><br /><br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/alaskadiv.png" alt="Divider" title="Divider" /></div>
+
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 22em;"><i>P</i></span><span class="smcap"><i>rice, 10 Cents</i></span>
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+
+<h2><span class="u"><b>EXAMINATIONS</b></span></h2>
+
+<div>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Have you thought of the Relief Maps for examination work?</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Are you following from day to day the war in the East?</span><br />
+</div>
+
+
+<h2>Klemm's Relief Practice Maps</h2>
+
+<div>are especially adapted to examination work, as they are perfectly free
+from all political details. ANY examination work may be done on them.</div>
+
+<p>For following the EASTERN QUESTION use Klemm's Roman Empire, and record
+each day's events. Small flags attached to pins, and moved on a map as the
+armies move, keep the details before you in a most helpful way, especially
+when you use the Relief Maps.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Klemm's Maps">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>SAMPLE SET RELIEF MAPS (15), $1.00</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>SAMPLE ROMAN EMPIRE,&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 10 CENTS</b></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<div class='center'><b>WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON, &middot; &middot; 5 West 18th Street, N.Y.</b></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+
+<div class='blockquot'><p class="hangindent"><span class="smcap">Remember</span> that text-books will <br />
+be taken in exchange for subscriptions to</p></div>
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">the</span></h3>
+<h3><span class="smcap">Great Round World</span></h3>
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+
+<h2>The Second Bound Volume</h2>
+
+<h4>OF</h4>
+
+<h3>THE GREAT ROUND WORLD</h3>
+
+<h4>(Containing Nos. 16 to 30)</h4>
+
+<h3><span class="u">IS NOW READY</span></h3>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot">Handsomely bound in strong cloth, with title on side and back. Price,
+postage paid, $1.25. Subscribers may exchange their numbers by sending
+them to us (express paid) with 35 cents to cover cost of binding, and 10
+cents for return carriage.</div>
+
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Address</span></p>
+
+<div class='center'><i>3 and 5 West 18th Street,&middot;&nbsp;&middot;&nbsp;&middot;&nbsp;&middot;&nbsp;&middot; New York City</i><br /><br /><br /></div>
+
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+
+<p><a name="Page_1121" id="Page_1121"></a></p>
+
+<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/title.png" alt="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" title="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" /></p>
+
+<div class='center'><b><span class='smcap'>Vol.</span> 1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class='smcap'>August</span> 12, 1897.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class='smcap'>No.</span> 40</b></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<p>Affairs in Spain are assuming a very grave aspect.</p>
+
+<p>The people are so enraged at the continued demands of the Government for
+soldiers and money that riots are breaking out all over the country.</p>
+
+<p>The most serious of the outbreaks has occurred at Barcelona.</p>
+
+<p>We told you some time ago that quantities of arms were stored in
+Barcelona for the use of the Carlists, and that in the event of a
+Carlist rising, Barcelona would be the headquarters of the revolution.</p>
+
+<p>During the past week the riots in that city have assumed such a serious
+character that the Government troops have been ordered out to quell
+them.</p>
+
+<p>These riots are attributed to Carlist influences, because the Carlists
+have long been in a very restless frame of mind, and waiting eagerly for
+Don Carlos to come forward and call them to arms.</p>
+
+<p>The mass of the people in the northern provinces are strongly in his
+favor, and believe that if he were placed on the throne peace and
+prosperity would be restored to Spain.</p>
+
+<p>The attitude of the Carlist party is now considered <a name="Page_1122" id="Page_1122"></a>so threatening that
+the prime minister, Se&ntilde;or Canovas, is reported to have said that the
+most serious of the many troubles which Spain is now called upon to face
+is the probability of a Carlist rising.</p>
+
+<p>In the mean while Don Carlos, the leader of the party, remains quietly
+in his house in Lucerne, Switzerland, and appears to be making no effort
+to secure the throne of Spain.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/6.png" alt="DON CARLOS." title="DON CARLOS." /></div>
+
+<div class='center'>DON CARLOS</div>
+
+<p>The representative of a Swiss newspaper asked him his opinion of the
+Spanish situation.</p>
+
+<p>He replied that he considered it very grave. Speaking of the Cuban war,
+he said that it had been frightfully mismanaged, not so much by Weyler
+as by Gen. Martinez Campos, who was the first general sent out by Spain
+to conquer the insurgents.</p>
+
+<p>In the opinion of Don Carlos, General Weyler is the right man for Cuba.</p>
+
+<p>He refuses to believe that he has done all the cruel things he is
+accused of, but says that his sternness <a name="Page_1123" id="Page_1123"></a>and severity were necessary for
+the occasion, and that Spain should be very grateful to have found such
+a leader at such a time.</p>
+
+<p>When asked about the chances of a Carlist rising, he said that the
+people were urging him to take up arms and come to the rescue of his
+country. He hesitated to do so because he felt that it would be a cruel
+thing for him to plunge his beloved country into the horrors of a civil
+war at a moment when she was already beset with enemies.</p>
+
+<p>He declared that it cost him a great effort to remain deaf to the call
+of his people, but that if matters did not improve, he should feel it
+his duty to come forward and save his country.</p>
+
+<p>In his opinion the United States is only interfering in Cuban affairs
+because she wants to annex Cuba. Were he on the throne of Spain he says
+he would grant such a liberal form of government to the Cubans that they
+would feel it a privilege to remain under the rule of Spain.</p>
+
+<p>The opportunities for Don Carlos to regain the throne of Spain were
+never so favorable as at this moment, and, in spite of his statement, it
+is quite probable that he will obey the wishes of his friends, and do
+his best to secure it.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The evidence in the Ruiz case has been laid before our Government.</p>
+
+<p>After careful consideration the State Department has decided that Spain
+is in the wrong.</p>
+
+<p>General Woodford, the new minister to Spain, has therefore been
+instructed to present a claim to the Spanish government for $75,000
+damages to be paid <a name="Page_1124" id="Page_1124"></a>to Mrs. Ruiz. Our minister is also instructed to say
+that his Government has concluded that, under the treaties existing
+between America and Spain, all the proceedings against Dr. Ruiz were
+illegal, and that Spain is absolutely responsible for his death. Under
+these circumstances Spain must pay this sum of money to the unfortunate
+widow.</p>
+
+<p>General Woodford is to add that while the United States would be
+justified in demanding a much larger indemnity for Mrs. Ruiz, the
+friendly feeling that our Government has for Spain has induced us to
+make the sum as moderate as possible.</p>
+
+<p>An endeavor was made on the part of Spain to compromise the matter with
+Mrs. Ruiz, but she refused to treat with the Spanish agents, saying that
+she preferred to leave her claim in the hands of the United States
+Government.</p>
+
+<p>Congress has also taken action in the <i>Competitor</i> case.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Competitor</i> was an American schooner which sailed for Florida in
+April, 1896.</p>
+
+<p>According to the story told by the captain of the vessel, he was no
+sooner out of sight of land than the passengers took possession of the
+ship, and forced him to change his course and carry them to Cuba.</p>
+
+<p>Their luggage consisted of supplies and ammunition intended for the
+insurgents, and thus, against his will, the captain was forced to
+undertake a filibustering expedition.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Competitor</i> was sighted by the Spaniards, and captured by them, but
+all but five of the men on board escaped.</p>
+
+<p>Three of these men were Americans who had sailed the ship.</p><p><a name="Page_1125" id="Page_1125"></a></p>
+
+<p>The prisoners were taken ashore and tried by court-martial. They were
+accused of piracy. They pleaded that they had not undertaken the voyage
+to Cuba of their own free will, but had been forced to do so by the
+passengers. They insisted that they were innocent of any intention to
+wrong Spain.</p>
+
+<p>In spite of this they were sentenced to death. They declared themselves
+to be American citizens, and their sentence was suspended until the
+truth about their nationality could be learned.</p>
+
+<p>It was found that they were really Americans, and so the Government
+immediately sent a protest to Spain, and the three men were sent to
+prison until an answer could be received.</p>
+
+<p>After a long time word came from Madrid that the men were to be granted
+a new trial. Ten months have gone by since the new trial was ordered,
+and still these prisoners have not had justice done them. They have been
+kept in close confinement in the Cabanas prison, and have been punished
+as much as if they had been really guilty, but their trial has been put
+off for one reason or another until it now appears as if the authorities
+did not mean to give them an opportunity of securing their freedom.</p>
+
+<p>The schooner has also been held all this time by Spain, and her owners
+are anxious to have her returned that they may have the use of her
+services once more.</p>
+
+<p>After waiting patiently for nearly a year, Congress has at last taken a
+hand in the matter.</p>
+
+<p>A joint resolution has been passed, empowering the President to take
+such steps as he thinks fit to secure the release of the prisoners, and
+to have the boat restored to her owners.</p><p><a name="Page_1126" id="Page_1126"></a></p>
+
+<p>The resolution also gives the President authority to employ such means
+and use such power as he may think necessary to accomplish this purpose.</p>
+
+<p>The Spaniards are angry at the action we have taken in both the Ruiz and
+<i>Competitor</i> cases, but their especial anger is vented on our consuls in
+Cuba.</p>
+
+<p>General Lee has been informed that if the Spaniards were revengeful
+instead of noble, he would not long be allowed to remain at his post and
+foment trouble between Spain and America.</p>
+
+<p>The consul in Matanzas has been forced to fortify the Consulate in
+consequence of the threats which have been made against the Americans
+there. He has done this to afford a safe shelter for the Americans in
+Matanzas in case trouble should break out.</p>
+
+<p>While the authorities in Cuba are feeling angry with us on account of
+the Ruiz and <i>Competitor</i> cases, the Government in Spain has a fresh
+cause of annoyance against us.</p>
+
+<p>This has arisen through a despatch sent by the Spanish minister in
+Washington.</p>
+
+<p>Se&ntilde;or Dupuy de Lome writes his Government that he has received full
+information in regard to the instructions that have been given to
+General Woodford.</p>
+
+<p>He says that the minister has been instructed by the Secretary of State
+to tell Spain that the United States thinks the war in Cuba has lasted
+long enough, and that the Americans cannot stand quietly by and allow
+the struggle to go on as it has much longer. Our minister is to inform
+Spain that if the war is not soon brought to a close the United States
+will interfere, and that, under any circumstances, warfare, as carried
+on by General Weyler, must be stopped instantly, as <a name="Page_1127" id="Page_1127"></a>the United States
+will not permit it to continue.</p>
+
+<p>The Spaniards are highly incensed at this, and are feeling very
+unfriendly toward General Woodford.</p>
+
+<p>If this statement is really true, it is a pity that it should have been
+made public, because it has been definitely stated that the President
+will not allow any unfriendly act toward Spain until it is absolutely
+sure that General Woodford is unable to make a peaceful settlement.</p>
+
+<p>Our minister leaves for Spain very shortly. At first it seemed as though
+there would be a long delay before he could be officially received by
+the Queen Regent, because the Court had left Madrid and gone to San
+Sebastian for the summer.</p>
+
+<p>It seems that the Spanish court observes very little ceremony during the
+summer season, and as the reception of an ambassador is a very important
+and ceremonious affair, the Queen Regent decided to put it off until the
+return to Madrid.</p>
+
+<p>This delay was very annoying to us. The Cuban questions are too pressing
+to be allowed to wait until the autumn, and no business could be
+transacted with the Spanish Government until we had a property
+recognized representative there.</p>
+
+<p>Happily for us, Japan has helped us out of the difficulty.</p>
+
+<p>The Mikado has sent a special mission to the Spanish court to present
+the young King Alphonso with his sacred order of the Chrysanthemum.</p>
+
+<p>It would not be at all polite to keep the Japanese ambassadors waiting
+all summer to make their presentation, and so there is to be a great
+court function <a name="Page_1128" id="Page_1128"></a>to receive the messengers of the Mikado, and General
+Woodford will be recognized at the same time.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The condition of the Spanish troops is reported to grow worse every day.</p>
+
+<p>It is said that their uniforms are ragged and torn, and they look more
+like tramps than the representatives of a European army.</p>
+
+<p>They are said to go through the streets of Havana begging coppers from
+the passers-by, and asking bread from door to door.</p>
+
+<p>It is said that numbers of loyal Spanish merchants are leaving the
+island, because they are forced to supply the soldiers with food without
+receiving any payment in return. They prefer to leave Cuba rather than
+be ruined.</p>
+
+<p>In the mean while Havana has been thrown into a panic by the report that
+General Gomez is marching on the city. The truth of the rumor could not
+be ascertained, but the fear was strengthened by the sudden return of
+General Weyler, who had gone off on one of his famous pacifying
+expeditions.</p>
+
+<p>No sooner had Weyler returned than he began to make extraordinary
+preparations to defend the city, and so it is generally believed in
+Havana that the report is true.</p>
+
+<p>It is known positively that the Cubans are very near the city, and that
+Gomez has issued orders to all the insurgent leaders to press the war
+forward with unceasing activity.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>It seems that the Sultan has really been brought to terms.</p><p><a name="Page_1129" id="Page_1129"></a></p>
+
+<p>The ambassadors, if you remember, gave him a stern refusal to treat with
+any one but Tewfik Pasha, and repeated their demand for a written
+acceptance of the frontier.</p>
+
+<p>After this meeting with Tewfik the diplomats held a conference which
+resulted in the preparation of a note to their governments in which they
+gave it as their opinion that the Sultan could never be brought to terms
+unless some decided action was taken.</p>
+
+<p>The Sultan heard of this, and became alarmed.</p>
+
+<p>He therefore sent one of his ministers, Yussuf Bey, to the ambassadors,
+urging them to do nothing hastily, but assuring them that if they would
+only have patience for a few days, everything could be satisfactorily
+arranged.</p>
+
+<p>But the ambassadors had had enough of delay, and they dismissed Yussuf
+Bey, telling him politely that they could not possibly wait any longer.</p>
+
+<p>The Sultan became still more uneasy, but he was anxious to put the
+matter off a little longer, until he could have a final understanding
+with Germany.</p>
+
+<p>It seems that the Emperor William's reply to his note gave the Sultan
+some hope that he was still inclined to side with him, in case of
+trouble.</p>
+
+<p>While he was still looking about for a good excuse, he received a
+message from the German Kaiser, which put a sudden end to all his hopes
+of an alliance.</p>
+
+<p>The German ambassador arrived at the palace of the Sultan with the
+information that the Kaiser, his master, had just telegraphed him to say
+to the Sultan from him that he must immediately obey the wishes of the
+Powers.</p>
+
+<p>Following closely on this unwelcome visit came a <a name="Page_1130" id="Page_1130"></a>message from the Czar
+of Russia, telling the Sultan that unless he immediately withdrew his
+soldiers from Thessaly, the Russian troops would cross the Turkish
+border.</p>
+
+<p>Thus driven into a corner, the Sultan saw that the only thing left for
+him to do was to yield.</p>
+
+<p>He therefore sent a message to the representatives of the Powers, that
+he had at last been able to induce the Grand Vizier to consent to
+withdraw from Turkey, and as this had been the only stumbling-block in
+the pathway of peace, he had issued an order to the Porte (the Turkish
+Government) authorizing them to accept the frontier as laid out by the
+Powers.</p>
+
+<p>It would seem that this action on the part of Turkey had removed all
+obstacles, and that there would now be nothing to prevent the peace
+negotiations from being carried through. Nobody, however, believes that
+the trouble is over. It is thought that Turkey will make every possible
+delay in arranging to leave Thessaly, and also in accepting the new plan
+of government for Crete.</p>
+
+<p>The Turkish troops have not as yet been withdrawn from Crete, and while
+the Christian inhabitants are settling down, and becoming reconciled to
+the new plan of government, their hatred of the Turks is in no degree
+lessened.</p>
+
+<p>Conflicts between the Turks and the Christians are of daily occurrence.
+The allied fleets have had to make a demand on Turkey that the soldiers
+shall give up their arms, as the rioting is so incessant.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The British House of Commons will not allow the<a name="Page_1131" id="Page_1131"></a> Transvaal scandal to
+die out as quietly as the Government hoped.</p>
+
+<p>We told you about the two reports that had been sent in; well, the
+member of Parliament who gave the second report has offered a resolution
+that Mr. Cecil Rhodes be removed from his position in the South African
+Company.</p>
+
+<p>Further than this, it has been decided that a complete change shall be
+made in the directors of this too powerful company, which has already
+been able to plunge the British Government into so much trouble.</p>
+
+<p>Complaints have been made that the company under its president, Mr.
+Cecil Rhodes, has abused the privileges thus given by the Government. In
+addition to the affair in the Transvaal, the company has treated the
+natives of Mashonaland with great severity, taking their cattle away
+from them, and forcing them to live in a condition bordering on slavery.</p>
+
+<p>It has therefore been decided to modify the terms of the charter to such
+a degree that the South African Company can only manage the commercial
+affairs of their territory, all matters relating to its foreign policy
+being henceforth in the hands of the British Government.</p>
+
+<p>The House of Commons has been forced to agree to an open discussion of
+the Transvaal Raid, when the matter of punishing Mr. Rhodes is to be
+decided upon. Mr. Hawkesly, the lawyer who holds the missing cablegrams,
+is also to be summoned before Parliament, and forced to produce them.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The last steamer from Japan brought a renewed <a name="Page_1132" id="Page_1132"></a>protest from the
+Government against the annexation of Hawaii.</p>
+
+<p>Japan insists that Hawaii must remain an independent country. She says
+that as soon as the Panama or Nicaragua canals are opened the importance
+of the Sandwich Islands will be greatly increased, and that it is
+necessary to the welfare of Japan that her independence be preserved.</p>
+
+<p>The Japanese minister is reported to have declared that "annexation must
+not be recognized. Japan must oppose it to the utmost."</p>
+
+<p>In spite of this the Senate is going right ahead with the business of
+the treaty.</p>
+
+<p>In the mean while the Secretary of the Navy is making all the ships at
+his command ready for service, so that we shall not be altogether
+unprepared to defend ourselves if occasion arises.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>There is not very much to tell in regard to the strike. No settlement
+has been reached, and there is not much likelihood that the miners and
+masters will come to any understanding at present.</p>
+
+<p>We told you that some of the miners had stood out against the offer of
+better wages, and refused to go to work until the condition of their
+fellows throughout the country had been improved.</p>
+
+<p>All the miners have not been as brave and loyal as these men.</p>
+
+<p>In some parts of Western Virginia, such excellent wages have been
+offered to the men, that they have weakened and gone back to work in
+spite of the fact that the labor agitators have been constantly urging
+them to remain firm.</p><p><a name="Page_1133" id="Page_1133"></a></p>
+
+<p>They have been telling the men that they will secure great benefits if
+they will only hold together.</p>
+
+<p>At one time there was some hope that the men might submit the whole
+matter to arbitration, but this seems doubtful.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>Another report about the use of the X rays in the French Custom-House
+has reached us.</p>
+
+<p>This time the rays were applied to thirty packages which had arrived by
+parcels-post. It took but fifteen minutes to examine the whole of these
+packets, and their contents were discovered without the necessity of
+breaking a seal or untying a string.</p>
+
+<p>The amusing part of the story is that the thirty persons to whom the
+parcels were addressed had been asked by the officers if there was
+anything dutiable in them, and all had replied in the negative.</p>
+
+<p>The confusion and trouble were therefore great when forbidden articles
+were found in twenty-seven out of the thirty packets.</p>
+
+<p>The French officials are very strict about such matters, and enforce
+heavy fines for attempting to bring things into their country without
+paying duty on them.</p>
+
+<p>The senders had had no idea that the X rays would be used on the
+packages, and had arranged them so that on opening they would appear to
+contain nothing dutiable.</p>
+
+<p>One basket was labelled fruit. Had it been opened in the ordinary way
+the officers would have found nothing but apricots and plums, unless
+they went to the trouble of emptying the whole basket out&mdash;a thing that
+is seldom done. When the X rays got to work <a name="Page_1134" id="Page_1134"></a>on this packet a pair of
+patent-leather shoes was revealed, hidden away amongst the fruit.</p>
+
+<p>Another bundle was labelled, "Specimens of clothing&mdash;without value."</p>
+
+<p>No sooner was it held before the X rays than it was seen that a quantity
+of cigarettes and English matches were rolled away inside the linen.</p>
+
+<p>All this was found out without so much as breaking a seal or untying a
+string.</p>
+
+<p>At the same time that the news of this excellent use for the X ray
+reached us, we observed statements from several prominent doctors and
+electricians, warning people of the danger of using this wonderful light
+without a proper knowledge of its properties.</p>
+
+<p>It seems that under certain circumstances the X ray is capable of
+inflicting a very serious wound. It acts in the same way as fire does,
+and burns the skin so severely that it is a very long time in healing.</p>
+
+<p>Nikola Tesla, the great electrician, says, however, that this trouble
+only arises from want of knowledge as to the proper way to handle the
+rays. If they are held at a certain distance from the skin, there is not
+the slightest danger of accident.</p>
+
+<p>The curious part of the wound inflicted by the X ray is that the burn is
+not felt at the time the mischief is being done. A person can allow his
+skin to be exposed to the X rays until it is badly burned without
+experiencing any pain until some time after the damage has been done.
+The injured part first swells, and then shows all the symptoms of a
+burn.</p>
+
+<p>One man who had exposed his foot to the rays to discover a rifle-ball
+that was lodged in his heel received a burn that took eleven months to
+heal.</p><p><a name="Page_1135" id="Page_1135"></a></p>
+
+<p>It seems curious that such a severe injury could be inflicted without
+any warning of pain. No sensation of warmth is felt until the part is
+burned, and then, according to Mr. Tesla, the pain does not seem to be
+on the surface as in ordinary burns, but deep-seated, in the very bones
+themselves.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>There is fresh news from Brazil and Uruguay.</p>
+
+<p>In Brazil, the insurgents, under their leader, Anton Conselhiero, were
+defeated, and the town of Canudos, which had been their stronghold, was
+taken from them.</p>
+
+<p>So severe and crushing was the defeat which they sustained, that it is
+thought that the revolution has been brought to an end.</p>
+
+<p>The battle lasted four hours, the rebels fighting with great courage and
+determination. The well-trained government troops proved too strong for
+them, however, and when the Brazilian artillery was brought to the
+front, and began to pour a steady fire into the rebel army, the ranks
+were broken and the insurgents fled for their lives.</p>
+
+<p>The Brazilians pursued them hotly, and it is said that when the fight
+was over Conselhiero's army was almost annihilated.</p>
+
+<p>In Uruguay the rebels have gained the upper hand, and it is hoped that
+that war will also be brought to a close very shortly.</p>
+
+<p>The Uruguayan insurgents were much stronger than the Brazilian; indeed,
+they outnumbered the government troops, and fought so fiercely that
+Uruguay had to give in and ask for an armistice.</p>
+
+<p>This the rebels granted, and during the cessation of <a name="Page_1136" id="Page_1136"></a>hostilities
+negotiations for peace were immediately set on foot.</p>
+
+<p>The terms of peace which the rebels offered were that they should have
+the right to choose the next President of Uruguay, and the governors of
+six of its provinces. They also demanded that all insurgents who had
+been dismissed from the regular army should be reinstated, and all who
+had been exiled on account of the rebellion should be allowed to return
+to their homes.</p>
+
+<p>The Government is not willing to grant these terms, but it is thought
+that the rebels are so strong that they will be able to insist on the
+acceptance of their conditions.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>Company E, of the Eighth New York Regiment, has started on an important
+military expedition.</p>
+
+<p>It is the desire of the commanders to find out just what the practical
+value of a bicycle would be in time of war.</p>
+
+<p>To demonstrate this, Company E, which is the bicycle company of the
+regiment, received orders to make a week's trip on Long Island, instead
+of going to the state camp as usual.</p>
+
+<p>It is the intention to have the command cover a distance of five hundred
+miles during the week, each man carrying with him the regulation kit of
+a soldier on the march.</p>
+
+<p>This outfit consists of the canteen or water-bottle, knife, fork, spoon,
+and combination frying-pan and plate, a blanket to sleep in, and of
+course a rifle, bayonet, and cartridge-box.</p><p><a name="Page_1137" id="Page_1137"></a></p>
+
+<p>With the bicycle command, all these articles had to be stowed away so
+that the hands should be free to control the wheel.</p>
+
+<p>The blanket was therefore strapped on the handle-bars, the musket slung
+under the saddle, the cartridge-box and bayonet hung from the soldier's
+belt, and slung across the shoulders were the canteen and a haversack
+containing all the other articles.</p>
+
+<p>With all these articles the bicycle will be heavily loaded, and one of
+the points which the authorities especially wish to prove is whether it
+is possible for men to make any distance on wheels when they are so
+heavily weighted.</p>
+
+<p>The baggage that we have described is the very least that a soldier can
+carry, and if no great distance can be accomplished with such a load,
+the wheel is of little value for purposes of war.</p>
+
+<p>The military authorities are also desirous of proving just how reliable
+the bicycle itself is. Every one knows what the wheel can do on a level
+road or smooth track, but it has not been demonstrated how a troop of
+wheels will last on rough country roads.</p>
+
+<p>Company E has taken no tents; the men are to sleep under such cover as
+they may find on the way. No food has been taken, or provided for; the
+men will have to forage, or seek for their own rations.</p>
+
+<p>Their one extra is a bicycle ambulance. This is a very novel affair, and
+is made of a covered stretcher slung between two tandems. The men have
+been allowed to put kettles and coffee-pots inside the stretcher at the
+start, but if in case of illness the ambulance is needed, even these
+small comforts will be left behind.</p>
+
+<p>They have with them an engineer to make maps, <a name="Page_1138" id="Page_1138"></a>and a photographer, who
+has a camera slung under his saddle instead of a musket.</p>
+
+<p>The experiment is to be made on Long Island. When the Shinnecock Hills
+are reached, two days will be spent in scouting and reconnoitring, with
+skirmishes and sham fights to follow.</p>
+
+<p>They will thus have a week of practical campaigning.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>While we are on the subject of wheels we are reminded of a recent
+decision that bicycling is illegal on Sunday in New Jersey.</p>
+
+<p>This fact came out through a lawsuit. Two cyclists were riding in the
+town of Westfield, N.J., one Sunday, and came into collision, one of
+their wheels being wrecked.</p>
+
+<p>The man whose wheel was damaged claimed that the accident was due to the
+other's carelessness, and sued for twenty-five dollars to cover repairs
+to his machine.</p>
+
+<p>When the case came into court, and the judge heard that the affair had
+occurred on Sunday, he dismissed the complaint.</p>
+
+<p>He stated that bicycling on Sunday was an illegal practice, and that no
+one could come before a court and ask for protection from an accident
+that had happened to him when he was engaged in an occupation that was
+against the law.</p>
+
+<p>This decision will be a great surprise to a good many young folks, who
+have hitherto regarded Sunday as their best day to go a-wheeling.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>We told you about Mr. Andr&eacute;e, who made an effort <a name="Page_1139" id="Page_1139"></a>last year to reach the
+North Pole by balloon, and who intended to repeat the experiment this
+year from Spitzbergen. The news has just reached us that he has made his
+start.</p>
+
+<p>On the 15th of July, the wind being in a favorable direction, Mr. Andr&eacute;e
+determined to begin his dangerous voyage.</p>
+
+<p>Being anxious to get away before the wind should change or die out, the
+preparations were hurried forward, and in three hours and a half after
+he decided to make his attempt, all was in readiness.</p>
+
+<p>Accompanying the daring explorer were two other venturesome men, Mr.
+Strindberg and Mr. Fraenkel.</p>
+
+<p>Stepping into the car, they gave the word to have the balloon cut loose.
+They rose rapidly till they were about six hundred feet in the air, but
+at this altitude a cross-current struck them, and they were driven
+earthward again until they almost touched a projecting rock.</p>
+
+<p>It was feared that the attempt had failed, but the three men in the car
+set to work vigorously throwing out some of the sand-bags that had been
+put in the car for ballast, to steady it, and the balloon soon rose
+again and continued on her course.</p>
+
+<p>The weather was clear, and the <i>Eagle</i>, as the balloon was called, was
+visible for an hour. It appeared to be moving at the rate of twenty-two
+miles an hour, and to be taking the exact direction that Mr. Andr&eacute;e had
+wished that it should.</p>
+
+<p>The adventurers expected to reach the Pole in two or three days, but had
+prepared themselves for a trip of as many months.</p>
+
+<p>Nothing has as yet been heard or seen of the balloon.<a name="Page_1140" id="Page_1140"></a> Russian steamers
+have been sent along the coast of Siberia in search of it, and it is
+hoped that some news may be gleaned through the circulars that the Czar
+caused to be sent among all the peoples around the Polar regions, asking
+them to watch for the balloon, and report it as soon as seen (see page
+860).</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/24.png" alt="A Homing Pigeon" title="A Homing Pigeon" /></div>
+
+<p>A good deal of excitement was caused by the capture of a carrier-pigeon
+in Norway.</p>
+
+<p>Stamped on the bird's wings was "North Pole, 142 W. 47.62."</p>
+
+<p>It was thought at first that it was one of the birds which had been
+taken by Andr&eacute;e on his expedition, and that the North Pole had been
+discovered.</p>
+
+<p>It was found, however, that Andr&eacute;e's birds were all <a name="Page_1141" id="Page_1141"></a>marked "Andr&eacute;e,
+A.D. 1897," and after a few days of excitement and wonder, it came out
+that the bird belonged to a German pigeon-flying society, and that it
+had been released in Heligoland.</p>
+
+<p>Carrier-pigeons are a particular breed of pigeon which have the
+wonderful quality of flying home no matter how far away they are
+carried.</p>
+
+<p>Societies have been formed to fly these wonderful birds, and they have
+been taken hundreds of miles away, over seas, to test this strange
+quality.</p>
+
+<p>The result has always been the same: the moment they are released they
+circle round and round for a time, as if trying to make out their
+bearings, and then fly off straight for home.</p>
+
+<p>This attribute has made them of great value to man in many ways.</p>
+
+<p>In times of war, messages have been sent by their aid.</p>
+
+<p>A man has made his way out of a besieged city, taking one of the birds
+with him, and by its aid has been able to send word back that he has
+reached his friends and will bring the needed help.</p>
+
+<p>The Emperor of Germany has just got himself into trouble over
+carrier-pigeons.</p>
+
+<p>Wishing to see for how long a distance they could be relied on in case
+of war, he sent a messenger over to England, who carried with him a
+great number of these clever birds.</p>
+
+<p>They were all marked so that they could be recognized, and on the shores
+of Dover, England, they were set free. Six hours after they had all
+found their way back to D&uuml;sseldorf, Germany.</p>
+
+<p>The despatching of these birds attracted the atten<a name="Page_1142" id="Page_1142"></a>tion of the English
+people about Dover, and when it was discovered that they were the
+property of the Emperor of Germany there was a good deal of talk over
+it.</p>
+
+<p>The English people are always afraid that some foreign nation is going
+to try and invade their country, and imagining there was some deep and
+dark foreign plot underlying the pigeon-flying, they demanded of the
+authorities if the German Emperor had obtained permission to fly his
+birds.</p>
+
+<p>When it was found that permission had neither been asked nor accorded,
+the fear of a plot grew so strong that the matter was finally carried to
+the House of Commons, and an explanation demanded.</p>
+
+<p>The Under Secretary of War stated that the subject was already under
+consideration.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>A rock covered with curious characters has recently been discovered in
+Mexico, in the mountains of the Magdalena district, state of Sonora.</p>
+
+<p>The characters appeared to resemble the Chinese so closely that a
+well-educated Chinaman was asked to go to see the rock and give his
+opinion about it.</p>
+
+<p>He had no sooner looked at it than he declared it to be a veritable
+Chinese inscription. He made a copy of it, and has already translated
+enough to show that the writing was cut in the stone about two thousand
+years ago.</p>
+
+<p>There are ten lines of characters on the parts of the rock exposed to
+view.</p>
+
+<p>The Chinaman who translated the inscription said it was an account of a
+Chinese settlement that had once been established in the place where the
+stone was <a name="Page_1143" id="Page_1143"></a>found. He said that in the history of China there was a
+record of an expedition which had been sent to that portion of the
+western coast which is now Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>If this is true, the Continent of North America was discovered by the
+Chinese centuries before the time of Columbus.</p>
+
+<p>Evidence is coming to light in various parts of the globe of the
+tremendous journeys that were undertaken by the Chinese in the early
+days of civilization.</p>
+
+<p>It has lately been discovered that they at one time formed colonies in
+the islands of the Pacific Ocean.</p>
+
+<p>In Australia evidences have also been discovered of Chinese habitation.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>It has been reported that King Menelik of Abyssinia has appointed a
+Russian General to be the Governor-General of those provinces of
+Abyssinia which lie in and around the equator.</p>
+
+<p>The appointment of a foreigner to such a post shows very distinctly that
+the Negus is really anxious to shed the light of civilization upon his
+people.</p>
+
+<p>M. de Leontieff, the Russian appointed by King Menelik, has already made
+two visits to Abyssinia, and is therefore well known to the King. He was
+at one time the bearer of rich presents from the Czar to the Negus.</p>
+
+<p>The position which M. de Leontieff will hold under Menelik is similar to
+that held by General Gordon in Egypt. Gordon found many opportunities to
+improve the condition of the people under his authority, and as M. de
+Leontieff is a very intelligent man, he will undoubtedly do all in his
+power to help King Menelik to develop his country. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="smcap">G.H.
+Rosenfeld.</span></p><p><a name="Page_1144" id="Page_1144"></a></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND THE</h2>
+<h2>PEOPLE WHO LIVED ON IT. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1144</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 25%;" />
+<h2>CHAPTER II.</h2>
+
+
+<p>It is not for nothing, then, that we are taught in church to call all
+men our brethren, and we must learn to realize that all the nations of
+the earth are akin to us and to one another, and that the differences
+between them in looks, in moral qualities, and in mind are really not
+much more than what we often see in the members of one large family,
+where one brother may be a genius and make a great name or a fortune for
+himself, while another will never get beyond the simplest schooling and,
+later on, the plainest work as laborer or poorly paid clerk. Take the
+most light-complexioned child to the tropics, and there let him lead an
+outdoor life&mdash;hunting, herding cattle, building, ploughing, and
+harvesting&mdash;then look at the middle-aged man; you will find him burnt by
+the sun, tanned by wind and weather to a dark brown which will not
+bleach off even should he return to his native northern country to live.
+His children will be born darker than he was, his grandchildren probably
+darker still, and so on. What, then, must be the change should the
+descendants of a particular set of men live thousands&mdash;not hundreds, but
+thousands&mdash;of years in one particular zone of the earth, under the same
+conditions <a name="Page_1145" id="Page_1145"></a>of climate, food, and local nature generally&mdash;what we call
+"environment"?</p>
+
+<p>This is exactly what happened to those detachments which once upon a
+time separated from the original human family. Each may have gone forth
+at random, but there was the earth to choose from and to be had for the
+taking; and, wherever such a detachment settled, there was nothing to
+prevent its posterity staying on and on, and developing their own
+peculiarities under local influences; for it would take many, many
+centuries before there would again be a lack of room and the process of
+separation would be repeated. Thus were formed the subdivisions of the
+human kind, with their striking characteristics and distinctive
+peculiarities, which we call the great Races of the World.</p>
+
+<p>Now, if this thing were to happen to any one of us&mdash;that we should
+discover brothers and kinsfolk of whom we knew nothing before&mdash;we would
+be very curious to find out all we could about them: where they came
+from, what had happened to them during all those years until they
+settled where we found them, and when and why they separated from their
+forefathers, who were also our own. These are the very things we want to
+find out about the various nations who live in the world now, and those
+who have lived in it before anything existed of what is now in the
+world, all the way back to the beginning.</p>
+
+<p>The task is quite easy, so long as we have books to help us, histories
+to tell us year by year all that went on in every part of the Great
+Round World, as our newspapers tell us day by day what is going on in it
+now. But books do not take us very far back. It <a name="Page_1146" id="Page_1146"></a>is only four hundred
+years since printing was invented, and not more than six hundred since
+the art of making paper out of rags has been known. But people could
+write hundreds and hundreds of years before that was invented, and used
+almost anything to record the memorable doings of their day&mdash;bark of
+trees, skins of animals (parchment), "papyrus," a material made of the
+fibres of a plant. Short inscriptions over the entrances of temples and
+palaces, or cut with the chisel on monuments erected in memory of great
+events or above the graves of famous men, and long inscriptions covering
+whole walls or even the face of high rocks smoothed for the purpose,
+were like so many stone books, pages of which are continually discovered
+and read by our scholars.</p>
+
+<p>But we come at last to times so remote that there is not a trace of the
+roughest writing, not a fragment of the crudest monument, to tell us the
+story of the men who, then as now, must have thought and labored and
+invented, only so much more slowly, under difficulties which we can
+hardly picture to ourselves. "What, then," is the natural question,
+"what can we know of such times, and of earlier ones still? How do we
+know things happened in the manner described a few pages back?" We know
+it, in the first place, <i>by analogy</i>, <i>i.e.</i>, because the same things
+have happened over and over again in the same manner in times which we
+know all about, <i>and are happening now, under our eyes</i>&mdash;for what is the
+constant tide of immigration which keeps coming in from the East but,
+under modern conditions, the same swarming off from overcrowded native
+hives of seekers after more land and new fortunes? In the second place,
+the oldest<a name="Page_1147" id="Page_1147"></a> races of the world left abundant traces by which we can
+determine not only the places of their settlements, but their mode of
+life and the degree of culture they successively reached.</p>
+
+<p>There has certainly been a time when men did not know enough to build
+dwellings for themselves&mdash;or, not to be unfair, had not the necessary
+tools&mdash;but lived in the forests which then very nearly covered the
+globe, using such natural shelter as they found ready for them, almost
+like the savage animals which it was their main business to fight and
+kill in self-defence and also for food and clothing. Caverns in steep
+mountain-sides must have been their most luxurious, because safest and
+best-protected, retreats. Many dozens of such caverns are known in all
+parts of the world, and the tale they tell is not difficult to read.
+Several have become very famous, from the wealth of finds with which
+they rewarded the searchers. Some appear to have been used as
+burying-places, for the ground in them is covered to a great depth with
+broken-up human skulls and skeletons, while outside, on the rocky ledges
+or platforms before the mouth of the cavern, are found the traces of
+large fires, built again and again on the same spot&mdash;ashes, and cinders,
+and charred bones of animals; also broken marrow-bones, horns, hoofs,
+and other remains of plentiful meals, showing that then already it was
+the custom to feast at funerals.</p>
+
+<p>Other caverns have as certainly been used as dwellings. Hence the name
+of "cave-dwellers," which has been given to those otherwise unknown
+races. How very crude and primitive their mode of life is shown by the
+vast quantities of tools and weapons in hard<a name="Page_1148" id="Page_1148"></a> flint&mdash;generally
+broken&mdash;which are found intermixed with the other remains. They are very
+simple: heads of spears, blades of knives and scrapers, some indented
+like coarse saws, hatchets and mallets chipped into shape with no
+attempt at polishing&mdash;such, with occasional variations in bone, was the
+sum total of the cave-dwellers' equipment for the chase, for war, and
+for domestic purposes. That they could, with such slender resources,
+hold their own against the animals whose haunts they shared and who then
+were so much more numerous than men, is the more wonderful that those
+animals were of monstrous size, more than twice the size of the same
+kinds now, not to speak of some huge beasts which then roamed woods and
+plains in herds and are now wholly extinct&mdash;such as the mammoth, the
+ancestor of our elephant.</p>
+
+<p>In all those heaps of tools and fragments, not a trace of any metal has
+been found; wherefore this oldest of all times of which we can catch
+stray glimpses has been given the general name of "Age of Stone."</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<div><big><span class="u"><i>To Any Subscriber Securing</i></span></big></div>
+
+<h3>For Us <b><big>1</big></b> <i>NEW SUBSCRIPTION</i></h3>
+
+<div class='center'><i><span class="u">We Will Send, Post-Paid,<br /> A BOUND
+VOLUME OF ...</span></i></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/bound1.png" alt="The Great Round World" title="The Great ROund World" /></div>
+
+
+<div class='center'><span class="u"><i>These volumes are neatly bound in cloth,<br /> with title stamped on side and
+back, and<br /> make a neat library book, handy in size<br /> and weight, and
+tasteful in appearance.</i></span></div>
+
+<div><br /><span style="margin-left: 8em;"><b>PART I.</b> <i>contains</i></span>
+ <br /><span style="margin-left: 12em;"><b>NOVEMBER 11th, 1896 to FEBRUARY 18th, 1897</b></span></div>
+
+<div><br /><span style="margin-left: 8em;"><b>PART II.</b> <i>contains</i></span>
+ <br /><span style="margin-left: 12em;"><b>FEBRUARY 25th, 1897 to JUNE 3d, 1897</b></span></div>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Albert Ross Parsons</span>, <i>President, American College of Musicians,</i> writes
+concerning his son, aged 10: "The bound volume of the first fifteen
+numbers has remained his daily mental food and amusement ever since it
+arrived. I thank you for your great service both to our young people and
+to their elders."</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 25%;" />
+<div class='center'>
+<b><span class="smcap"><big>The Great Round World</big></span></b><br />
+<span class="smcap"><b>3 and 5 West 18th street  &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; NEW YORK CITY</b></span><br />
+</div>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/bookcover.png" alt="Do you Cover your Books?" title="Do you Cover your Books?" /></p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 22em;">THE &quot;ONE PIECE&quot;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 22em;">ADJUSTABLE BOOK COVERS</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>are made of the strongest and best book-cover paper obtainable. This paper
+is made in large quantities especially for these book covers and will
+protect books perfectly. The book covers themselves are a marvel of
+ingenuity, and, although they are in one piece and can be adjusted to fit
+perfectly any sized book without cutting the paper, they are also so
+simple that any boy or girl can use them; as they are already gummed they
+are always ready for use.</p>
+
+<p>A sample dozen will be mailed to any address for 20 cents (or ten two-cent
+stamps) if you write</p>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<b>WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON</b><br />
+<b>3 and 5 West 18th Street, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; New York City</b>
+</div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/net.png" alt="Lawn Tennis Net" title="Lawn Tennis Net" /></div>
+
+<h3>TO ANY ONE SENDING US</h3>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="For 8 Subscribers">
+<tr><td align='left'><div class="figleft"><img src="./images/net12.png" alt="Flourish and 8" title="Flourish and 8" /></div>
+</td><td align='left'><i>NEW....</i><br /><i>SUBSCRIBERS</i></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<div class='center'><span class="u"><b>WE WILL SEND (EXPRESS PAID) A FULL</b></span></div>
+
+<h2>Lawn Tennis Set</h2>
+
+<div class='center'>CONSISTING OF</div>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Lawn Tennis Gear">
+<tr><td align='left'>3 "BOY'S" RACQUETS</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>1 "DRIVE" RACQUET</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>4 STANDARD TENNIS BALLS</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>1 NET, 27 x 3 FEET</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>2 JOINTED POLES</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>1 MALLET</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>1 SET OF GUY ROPES</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<div class='center'>Complete in neat box, with set of
+this year's rules.</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/tennisdiv.png" alt="Divider" title="Divider" /></div>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<span class="smcap"><b>The Great Round World</b></span><br />
+<span class="smcap"><b>3 and 5 west 18th St. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; new york city</b></span><br />
+</div>
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+
+<h2>"The Great Round World" PRIZE CONTEST</h2>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span> is now over six months old, and it feels
+some anxiety to know just how much interest its readers have taken in
+the news and how much information they have gained from its pages. To
+ascertain this, it has been decided to offer ten prizes for the best
+answers to the following:</p>
+
+<div class='center'><span class='u'><b>Name ten of the most important events that have been mentioned in "The
+Great Round World" in the first 30 numbers, that is, up to number of
+June 3d.</b></span></div>
+
+<div class='center'><i>In mentioning these events give briefly reasons for considering them
+important.</i></div>
+
+<p>This competition will be open to subscribers only, and any one desiring
+to enter the competition must send to this office their name and the
+date of their subscription; a number will then be given them.</p>
+
+<p>All new subscribers will be furnished with a card entitling them to
+enter the competition.</p>
+
+<p>In making the selection of important events, remember that wars and
+political events are not necessarily the most important. If, for
+instance, the air-ship had turned out to be a genuine and successful
+thing, it would have been most important as affecting the history of the
+world. Or if by chance the telephone or telegraph had been invented in
+this period, these inventions would have been <i>important</i> events.</p>
+
+<p>Prizes will be awarded to those who make the best selection and who
+mention the events in the best order of their importance. Answers may be
+sent in any time before September 1st.</p>
+
+<p>The Great Round World does not want you to hurry over this contest, but
+to take plenty of time and do the work carefully. It will be a pleasant
+occupation for the summer months.</p>
+
+<p>We would advise you to take the magazines starting at No. 1, look them
+over carefully, keep a note-book at your side, and jot down in it the
+events that seem to you important; when you have finished them all, No.
+1 to 30, look over your notes and select the ten events that seem to you
+to be the most important, stating after each event your reason for
+thinking it important.</p>
+
+<p>For instance: suppose you decide that the death of Dr. Ruiz was one of
+these important events, you might say, "The killing of Dr. Ruiz in the
+prison of Guanabacoa&mdash;because it brought the cruelties practised on
+American citizens to the attention of our Government," etc., etc.</p>
+
+<p>In sending your answers put your number and the date only on them, for
+the judges are not to know names and addresses of the contestants, that
+there may be no favoritism shown.</p>
+
+<p>It is important to put date on, for if two or more are found of similar
+standing, the one first received will be given preference.</p>
+
+<p>Address all letters to REVIEW PRIZE CONTEST DEPARTMENT,
+<span class="smcap">Great Round World</span>, 3 and 5 West 18th Street, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;New York City.</p>
+
+<div class='center'><i>Write answer on one side of the paper only</i></div>
+
+<div class='center'><b>Prizes will be selections from the premium catalogue</b></div>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Prizes">
+<tr><td align='left'>No. 1.</td>
+<td align='left'>Premiums</td>
+<td align='left'>&nbsp; as</td>
+<td align='left'>&nbsp;given</td>
+<td align='left'>&nbsp;for</td>
+<td align='left'>&nbsp;15</td>
+<td align='left'>&nbsp;Subscriptions</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>No. 2.</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='right'>12</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>No. 3.</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='right'>10</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>No. 4.</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='right'>9</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>No. 5.</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='right'>8</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>No. 6.</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='right'>7</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>No. 7.</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='right'>5</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>No. 8.</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='right'>5</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>No. 9.</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='right'>5</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>No. 10.</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='right'>5</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is
+Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 40, August 12, 1897, by Various
+
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+</pre>
+
+</body>
+</html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,1600 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On
+In It, Vol. 1, No. 40, August 12, 1897, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 40, August 12, 1897
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop
+
+Release Date: May 27, 2005 [EBook #15917]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+_FIVE CENTS._
+
+THE GREAT ROUND WORLD
+AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT
+
+  Vol. 1                AUGUST 12, 1897                No. 40.
+[Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second class matter]
+
+[Illustration: A
+WEEKLY
+NEWSPAPER
+FOR
+BOYS AND
+GIRLS]
+
+Subscription
+$2.50 per year
+$1.25 6 months
+
+
+    WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON. PUBLISHER
+    NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY
+
+=Copyright, 1897, by WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+...PREMIUMS...
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TO ANY ONE SENDING US 4 NEW SUBSCRIBERS
+
+[Illustration: A Pocket Kodak
+
+     Measures 2-1/4 x 2-7/8 x 3-7/8 inches, makes a picture 1-1/2 x 2
+     inches, and weighs only 5 ounces. Delivered ready for 12 exposures
+     without reloading.]
+
+The Lens is of the fixed focus type, and of sufficient length of focus
+(2-1/2 inches) to avoid distortion.
+
+Has improved rotary shutter and set of three stops for lens. The slides
+for changing stops and for time exposures are alongside of the exposure
+lever and always show by their position what stop is before the lens and
+whether the shutter is set for time or instantaneous exposures, thus
+acting as a warning.
+
+In the _quality_ of the work they will do, Pocket Kodaks equal the best
+cameras on the market. They make negatives of such perfect quality that
+enlargements of any size can be made from them.
+
+The Pocket Kodaks are covered with fine leather, and the trimmings are
+handsomely finished and lacquered. They are elegant, artistic, and
+durable.
+
+=For one more subscription we will send with this camera a bicycle
+carrying-case=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TO ANY ONE SENDING US 9 NEW SUBSCRIBERS
+
+[Illustration: An Improved
+    =No. 4=
+   Bulls-Eye
+
+     For pictures 4x5 inches; delivered ready for 12 exposures without
+     reloading. Size of camera, 4-7/8 x 5-7/8 x 9-1/4 inches; weight 2
+     pounds 2 ounces; length of focus of lens, 6-1/4 inches.]
+
+Fitted with an achromatic lens of superior quality, having a set of
+three stops; has two finders, one for vertical and one for horizontal
+exposures; and is also provided with two sockets for tripod screws, one
+for vertical and one for horizontal exposures. Fitted with improved
+rotary shutter, for snap-shots or time exposures. Can be loaded in
+daylight. Handsomely finished and covered with leather.
+
+=Both of the above cameras are manufactured by the Eastman Kodak Co.,
+Rochester, N.Y., and this is a guarantee of their worth=
+
+                 =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD=
+     =3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST.         NEW YORK CITY=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+          WE ARE PREPARING
+
+                ==A==
+
+           =MAP OF ALASKA=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+      Corrected to Date, after the Latest
+      Russian and Government Surveys ...
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+             _PRICE, 10 CENTS_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+    EXAMINATIONS
+
+    Have you thought of the Relief Maps for examination work?
+    Are you following from day to day the war in the East?
+
+    Klemm's Relief Practice Maps
+
+     especially adapted to examination work, as they are
+     perfectly free from all political details. Any examination
+     work may be done on them.
+
+     For following the Eastern Question use Klemm's Roman Empire,
+     and record each day's events. Small flags attached to pins,
+     and moved on a map as the armies move, keep the details
+     before you in a most helpful way, especially when you use
+     the Relief Maps.
+
+    SAMPLE SET, RELIEF MAPS (15), $1.00
+    SAMPLE ROMAN EMPIRE, - 10 CENTS
+
+    WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON, - - 5 West 18th Street, N.Y.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Remember that text-books will
+be taken in exchange for subscriptions
+to
+
+                 =THE= .. ..
+              =GREAT ROUND WORLD=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+=The Second Bound Volume=
+
+OF
+
+=THE GREAT ROUND WORLD=
+
+(Containing Nos. 16 to 30)
+
+=IS NOW READY=
+
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+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND
+WORLD
+AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.]
+
+    VOL. 1   AUGUST 12, 1897.   NO. 40
+
+
+Affairs in Spain are assuming a very grave aspect.
+
+The people are so enraged at the continued demands of the Government for
+soldiers and money that riots are breaking out all over the country.
+
+The most serious of the outbreaks has occurred at Barcelona.
+
+We told you some time ago that quantities of arms were stored in
+Barcelona for the use of the Carlists, and that in the event of a
+Carlist rising, Barcelona would be the headquarters of the revolution.
+
+During the past week the riots in that city have assumed such a serious
+character that the Government troops have been ordered out to quell
+them.
+
+These riots are attributed to Carlist influences, because the Carlists
+have long been in a very restless frame of mind, and waiting eagerly for
+Don Carlos to come forward and call them to arms.
+
+The mass of the people in the northern provinces are strongly in his
+favor, and believe that if he were placed on the throne peace and
+prosperity would be restored to Spain.
+
+The attitude of the Carlist party is now considered so threatening that
+the prime minister, Senor Canovas, is reported to have said that the
+most serious of the many troubles which Spain is now called upon to face
+is the probability of a Carlist rising.
+
+In the mean while Don Carlos, the leader of the party, remains quietly
+in his house in Lucerne, Switzerland, and appears to be making no effort
+to secure the throne of Spain.
+
+[Illustration: DON CARLOS.]
+
+The representative of a Swiss newspaper asked him his opinion of the
+Spanish situation.
+
+He replied that he considered it very grave. Speaking of the Cuban war,
+he said that it had been frightfully mismanaged, not so much by Weyler
+as by Gen. Martinez Campos, who was the first general sent out by Spain
+to conquer the insurgents.
+
+In the opinion of Don Carlos, General Weyler is the right man for Cuba.
+
+He refuses to believe that he has done all the cruel things he is
+accused of, but says that his sternness and severity were necessary for
+the occasion, and that Spain should be very grateful to have found such
+a leader at such a time.
+
+When asked about the chances of a Carlist rising, he said that the
+people were urging him to take up arms and come to the rescue of his
+country. He hesitated to do so because he felt that it would be a cruel
+thing for him to plunge his beloved country into the horrors of a civil
+war at a moment when she was already beset with enemies.
+
+He declared that it cost him a great effort to remain deaf to the call
+of his people, but that if matters did not improve, he should feel it
+his duty to come forward and save his country.
+
+In his opinion the United States is only interfering in Cuban affairs
+because she wants to annex Cuba. Were he on the throne of Spain he says
+he would grant such a liberal form of government to the Cubans that they
+would feel it a privilege to remain under the rule of Spain.
+
+The opportunities for Don Carlos to regain the throne of Spain were
+never so favorable as at this moment, and, in spite of his statement, it
+is quite probable that he will obey the wishes of his friends, and do
+his best to secure it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The evidence in the Ruiz case has been laid before our Government.
+
+After careful consideration the State Department has decided that Spain
+is in the wrong.
+
+General Woodford, the new minister to Spain, has therefore been
+instructed to present a claim to the Spanish government for $75,000
+damages to be paid to Mrs. Ruiz. Our minister is also instructed to say
+that his Government has concluded that, under the treaties existing
+between America and Spain, all the proceedings against Dr. Ruiz were
+illegal, and that Spain is absolutely responsible for his death. Under
+these circumstances Spain must pay this sum of money to the unfortunate
+widow.
+
+General Woodford is to add that while the United States would be
+justified in demanding a much larger indemnity for Mrs. Ruiz, the
+friendly feeling that our Government has for Spain has induced us to
+make the sum as moderate as possible.
+
+An endeavor was made on the part of Spain to compromise the matter with
+Mrs. Ruiz, but she refused to treat with the Spanish agents, saying that
+she preferred to leave her claim in the hands of the United States
+Government.
+
+Congress has also taken action in the _Competitor_ case.
+
+The _Competitor_ was an American schooner which sailed for Florida in
+April, 1896.
+
+According to the story told by the captain of the vessel, he was no
+sooner out of sight of land than the passengers took possession of the
+ship, and forced him to change his course and carry them to Cuba.
+
+Their luggage consisted of supplies and ammunition intended for the
+insurgents, and thus, against his will, the captain was forced to
+undertake a filibustering expedition.
+
+The _Competitor_ was sighted by the Spaniards, and captured by them, but
+all but five of the men on board escaped.
+
+Three of these men were Americans who had sailed the ship.
+
+The prisoners were taken ashore and tried by court-martial. They were
+accused of piracy. They pleaded that they had not undertaken the voyage
+to Cuba of their own free will, but had been forced to do so by the
+passengers. They insisted that they were innocent of any intention to
+wrong Spain.
+
+In spite of this they were sentenced to death. They declared themselves
+to be American citizens, and their sentence was suspended until the
+truth about their nationality could be learned.
+
+It was found that they were really Americans, and so the Government
+immediately sent a protest to Spain, and the three men were sent to
+prison until an answer could be received.
+
+After a long time word came from Madrid that the men were to be granted
+a new trial. Ten months have gone by since the new trial was ordered,
+and still these prisoners have not had justice done them. They have been
+kept in close confinement in the Cabanas prison, and have been punished
+as much as if they had been really guilty, but their trial has been put
+off for one reason or another until it now appears as if the authorities
+did not mean to give them an opportunity of securing their freedom.
+
+The schooner has also been held all this time by Spain, and her owners
+are anxious to have her returned that they may have the use of her
+services once more.
+
+After waiting patiently for nearly a year, Congress has at last taken a
+hand in the matter.
+
+A joint resolution has been passed, empowering the President to take
+such steps as he thinks fit to secure the release of the prisoners, and
+to have the boat restored to her owners.
+
+The resolution also gives the President authority to employ such means
+and use such power as he may think necessary to accomplish this purpose.
+
+The Spaniards are angry at the action we have taken in both the Ruiz and
+_Competitor_ cases, but their especial anger is vented on our consuls in
+Cuba.
+
+General Lee has been informed that if the Spaniards were revengeful
+instead of noble, he would not long be allowed to remain at his post and
+foment trouble between Spain and America.
+
+The consul in Matanzas has been forced to fortify the Consulate in
+consequence of the threats which have been made against the Americans
+there. He has done this to afford a safe shelter for the Americans in
+Matanzas in case trouble should break out.
+
+While the authorities in Cuba are feeling angry with us on account of
+the Ruiz and _Competitor_ cases, the Government in Spain has a fresh
+cause of annoyance against us.
+
+This has arisen through a despatch sent by the Spanish minister in
+Washington.
+
+Senor Dupuy de Lome writes his Government that he has received full
+information in regard to the instructions that have been given to
+General Woodford.
+
+He says that the minister has been instructed by the Secretary of State
+to tell Spain that the United States thinks the war in Cuba has lasted
+long enough, and that the Americans cannot stand quietly by and allow
+the struggle to go on as it has much longer. Our minister is to inform
+Spain that if the war is not soon brought to a close the United States
+will interfere, and that, under any circumstances, warfare, as carried
+on by General Weyler, must be stopped instantly, as the United States
+will not permit it to continue.
+
+The Spaniards are highly incensed at this, and are feeling very
+unfriendly toward General Woodford.
+
+If this statement is really true, it is a pity that it should have been
+made public, because it has been definitely stated that the President
+will not allow any unfriendly act toward Spain until it is absolutely
+sure that General Woodford is unable to make a peaceful settlement.
+
+Our minister leaves for Spain very shortly. At first it seemed as though
+there would be a long delay before he could be officially received by
+the Queen Regent, because the Court had left Madrid and gone to San
+Sebastian for the summer.
+
+It seems that the Spanish court observes very little ceremony during the
+summer season, and as the reception of an ambassador is a very important
+and ceremonious affair, the Queen Regent decided to put it off until the
+return to Madrid.
+
+This delay was very annoying to us. The Cuban questions are too pressing
+to be allowed to wait until the autumn, and no business could be
+transacted with the Spanish Government until we had a property
+recognized representative there.
+
+Happily for us, Japan has helped us out of the difficulty.
+
+The Mikado has sent a special mission to the Spanish court to present
+the young King Alphonso with his sacred order of the Chrysanthemum.
+
+It would not be at all polite to keep the Japanese ambassadors waiting
+all summer to make their presentation, and so there is to be a great
+court function to receive the messengers of the Mikado, and General
+Woodford will be recognized at the same time.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The condition of the Spanish troops is reported to grow worse every day.
+
+It is said that their uniforms are ragged and torn, and they look more
+like tramps than the representatives of a European army.
+
+They are said to go through the streets of Havana begging coppers from
+the passers-by, and asking bread from door to door.
+
+It is said that numbers of loyal Spanish merchants are leaving the
+island, because they are forced to supply the soldiers with food without
+receiving any payment in return. They prefer to leave Cuba rather than
+be ruined.
+
+In the mean while Havana has been thrown into a panic by the report that
+General Gomez is marching on the city. The truth of the rumor could not
+be ascertained, but the fear was strengthened by the sudden return of
+General Weyler, who had gone off on one of his famous pacifying
+expeditions.
+
+No sooner had Weyler returned than he began to make extraordinary
+preparations to defend the city, and so it is generally believed in
+Havana that the report is true.
+
+It is known positively that the Cubans are very near the city, and that
+Gomez has issued orders to all the insurgent leaders to press the war
+forward with unceasing activity.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It seems that the Sultan has really been brought to terms.
+
+The ambassadors, if you remember, gave him a stern refusal to treat with
+any one but Tewfik Pasha, and repeated their demand for a written
+acceptance of the frontier.
+
+After this meeting with Tewfik the diplomats held a conference which
+resulted in the preparation of a note to their governments in which they
+gave it as their opinion that the Sultan could never be brought to terms
+unless some decided action was taken.
+
+The Sultan heard of this, and became alarmed.
+
+He therefore sent one of his ministers, Yussuf Bey, to the ambassadors,
+urging them to do nothing hastily, but assuring them that if they would
+only have patience for a few days, everything could be satisfactorily
+arranged.
+
+But the ambassadors had had enough of delay, and they dismissed Yussuf
+Bey, telling him politely that they could not possibly wait any longer.
+
+The Sultan became still more uneasy, but he was anxious to put the
+matter off a little longer, until he could have a final understanding
+with Germany.
+
+It seems that the Emperor William's reply to his note gave the Sultan
+some hope that he was still inclined to side with him, in case of
+trouble.
+
+While he was still looking about for a good excuse, he received a
+message from the German Kaiser, which put a sudden end to all his hopes
+of an alliance.
+
+The German ambassador arrived at the palace of the Sultan with the
+information that the Kaiser, his master, had just telegraphed him to say
+to the Sultan from him that he must immediately obey the wishes of the
+Powers.
+
+Following closely on this unwelcome visit came a message from the Czar
+of Russia, telling the Sultan that unless he immediately withdrew his
+soldiers from Thessaly, the Russian troops would cross the Turkish
+border.
+
+Thus driven into a corner, the Sultan saw that the only thing left for
+him to do was to yield.
+
+He therefore sent a message to the representatives of the Powers, that
+he had at last been able to induce the Grand Vizier to consent to
+withdraw from Turkey, and as this had been the only stumbling-block in
+the pathway of peace, he had issued an order to the Porte (the Turkish
+Government) authorizing them to accept the frontier as laid out by the
+Powers.
+
+It would seem that this action on the part of Turkey had removed all
+obstacles, and that there would now be nothing to prevent the peace
+negotiations from being carried through. Nobody, however, believes that
+the trouble is over. It is thought that Turkey will make every possible
+delay in arranging to leave Thessaly, and also in accepting the new plan
+of government for Crete.
+
+The Turkish troops have not as yet been withdrawn from Crete, and while
+the Christian inhabitants are settling down, and becoming reconciled to
+the new plan of government, their hatred of the Turks is in no degree
+lessened.
+
+Conflicts between the Turks and the Christians are of daily occurrence.
+The allied fleets have had to make a demand on Turkey that the soldiers
+shall give up their arms, as the rioting is so incessant.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The British House of Commons will not allow the Transvaal scandal to
+die out as quietly as the Government hoped.
+
+We told you about the two reports that had been sent in; well, the
+member of Parliament who gave the second report has offered a resolution
+that Mr. Cecil Rhodes be removed from his position in the South African
+Company.
+
+Further than this, it has been decided that a complete change shall be
+made in the directors of this too powerful company, which has already
+been able to plunge the British Government into so much trouble.
+
+Complaints have been made that the company under its president, Mr.
+Cecil Rhodes, has abused the privileges thus given by the Government. In
+addition to the affair in the Transvaal, the company has treated the
+natives of Mashonaland with great severity, taking their cattle away
+from them, and forcing them to live in a condition bordering on slavery.
+
+It has therefore been decided to modify the terms of the charter to such
+a degree that the South African Company can only manage the commercial
+affairs of their territory, all matters relating to its foreign policy
+being henceforth in the hands of the British Government.
+
+The House of Commons has been forced to agree to an open discussion of
+the Transvaal Raid, when the matter of punishing Mr. Rhodes is to be
+decided upon. Mr. Hawkesly, the lawyer who holds the missing cablegrams,
+is also to be summoned before Parliament, and forced to produce them.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The last steamer from Japan brought a renewed protest from the
+Government against the annexation of Hawaii.
+
+Japan insists that Hawaii must remain an independent country. She says
+that as soon as the Panama or Nicaragua canals are opened the importance
+of the Sandwich Islands will be greatly increased, and that it is
+necessary to the welfare of Japan that her independence be preserved.
+
+The Japanese minister is reported to have declared that "annexation must
+not be recognized. Japan must oppose it to the utmost."
+
+In spite of this the Senate is going right ahead with the business of
+the treaty.
+
+In the mean while the Secretary of the Navy is making all the ships at
+his command ready for service, so that we shall not be altogether
+unprepared to defend ourselves if occasion arises.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There is not very much to tell in regard to the strike. No settlement
+has been reached, and there is not much likelihood that the miners and
+masters will come to any understanding at present.
+
+We told you that some of the miners had stood out against the offer of
+better wages, and refused to go to work until the condition of their
+fellows throughout the country had been improved.
+
+All the miners have not been as brave and loyal as these men.
+
+In some parts of Western Virginia, such excellent wages have been
+offered to the men, that they have weakened and gone back to work in
+spite of the fact that the labor agitators have been constantly urging
+them to remain firm.
+
+They have been telling the men that they will secure great benefits if
+they will only hold together.
+
+At one time there was some hope that the men might submit the whole
+matter to arbitration, but this seems doubtful.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Another report about the use of the X rays in the French Custom-House
+has reached us.
+
+This time the rays were applied to thirty packages which had arrived by
+parcels-post. It took but fifteen minutes to examine the whole of these
+packets, and their contents were discovered without the necessity of
+breaking a seal or untying a string.
+
+The amusing part of the story is that the thirty persons to whom the
+parcels were addressed had been asked by the officers if there was
+anything dutiable in them, and all had replied in the negative.
+
+The confusion and trouble were therefore great when forbidden articles
+were found in twenty-seven out of the thirty packets.
+
+The French officials are very strict about such matters, and enforce
+heavy fines for attempting to bring things into their country without
+paying duty on them.
+
+The senders had had no idea that the X rays would be used on the
+packages, and had arranged them so that on opening they would appear to
+contain nothing dutiable.
+
+One basket was labelled fruit. Had it been opened in the ordinary way
+the officers would have found nothing but apricots and plums, unless
+they went to the trouble of emptying the whole basket out--a thing that
+is seldom done. When the X rays got to work on this packet a pair of
+patent-leather shoes was revealed, hidden away amongst the fruit.
+
+Another bundle was labelled, "Specimens of clothing--without value."
+
+No sooner was it held before the X rays than it was seen that a quantity
+of cigarettes and English matches were rolled away inside the linen.
+
+All this was found out without so much as breaking a seal or untying a
+string.
+
+At the same time that the news of this excellent use for the X ray
+reached us, we observed statements from several prominent doctors and
+electricians, warning people of the danger of using this wonderful light
+without a proper knowledge of its properties.
+
+It seems that under certain circumstances the X ray is capable of
+inflicting a very serious wound. It acts in the same way as fire does,
+and burns the skin so severely that it is a very long time in healing.
+
+Nikola Tesla, the great electrician, says, however, that this trouble
+only arises from want of knowledge as to the proper way to handle the
+rays. If they are held at a certain distance from the skin, there is not
+the slightest danger of accident.
+
+The curious part of the wound inflicted by the X ray is that the burn is
+not felt at the time the mischief is being done. A person can allow his
+skin to be exposed to the X rays until it is badly burned without
+experiencing any pain until some time after the damage has been done.
+The injured part first swells, and then shows all the symptoms of a
+burn.
+
+One man who had exposed his foot to the rays to discover a rifle-ball
+that was lodged in his heel received a burn that took eleven months to
+heal.
+
+It seems curious that such a severe injury could be inflicted without
+any warning of pain. No sensation of warmth is felt until the part is
+burned, and then, according to Mr. Tesla, the pain does not seem to be
+on the surface as in ordinary burns, but deep-seated, in the very bones
+themselves.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There is fresh news from Brazil and Uruguay.
+
+In Brazil, the insurgents, under their leader, Anton Conselhiero, were
+defeated, and the town of Canudos, which had been their stronghold, was
+taken from them.
+
+So severe and crushing was the defeat which they sustained, that it is
+thought that the revolution has been brought to an end.
+
+The battle lasted four hours, the rebels fighting with great courage and
+determination. The well-trained government troops proved too strong for
+them, however, and when the Brazilian artillery was brought to the
+front, and began to pour a steady fire into the rebel army, the ranks
+were broken and the insurgents fled for their lives.
+
+The Brazilians pursued them hotly, and it is said that when the fight
+was over Conselhiero's army was almost annihilated.
+
+In Uruguay the rebels have gained the upper hand, and it is hoped that
+that war will also be brought to a close very shortly.
+
+The Uruguayan insurgents were much stronger than the Brazilian; indeed,
+they outnumbered the government troops, and fought so fiercely that
+Uruguay had to give in and ask for an armistice.
+
+This the rebels granted, and during the cessation of hostilities
+negotiations for peace were immediately set on foot.
+
+The terms of peace which the rebels offered were that they should have
+the right to choose the next President of Uruguay, and the governors of
+six of its provinces. They also demanded that all insurgents who had
+been dismissed from the regular army should be reinstated, and all who
+had been exiled on account of the rebellion should be allowed to return
+to their homes.
+
+The Government is not willing to grant these terms, but it is thought
+that the rebels are so strong that they will be able to insist on the
+acceptance of their conditions.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Company E, of the Eighth New York Regiment, has started on an important
+military expedition.
+
+It is the desire of the commanders to find out just what the practical
+value of a bicycle would be in time of war.
+
+To demonstrate this, Company E, which is the bicycle company of the
+regiment, received orders to make a week's trip on Long Island, instead
+of going to the state camp as usual.
+
+It is the intention to have the command cover a distance of five hundred
+miles during the week, each man carrying with him the regulation kit of
+a soldier on the march.
+
+This outfit consists of the canteen or water-bottle, knife, fork, spoon,
+and combination frying-pan and plate, a blanket to sleep in, and of
+course a rifle, bayonet, and cartridge-box.
+
+With the bicycle command, all these articles had to be stowed away so
+that the hands should be free to control the wheel.
+
+The blanket was therefore strapped on the handle-bars, the musket slung
+under the saddle, the cartridge-box and bayonet hung from the soldier's
+belt, and slung across the shoulders were the canteen and a haversack
+containing all the other articles.
+
+With all these articles the bicycle will be heavily loaded, and one of
+the points which the authorities especially wish to prove is whether it
+is possible for men to make any distance on wheels when they are so
+heavily weighted.
+
+The baggage that we have described is the very least that a soldier can
+carry, and if no great distance can be accomplished with such a load,
+the wheel is of little value for purposes of war.
+
+The military authorities are also desirous of proving just how reliable
+the bicycle itself is. Every one knows what the wheel can do on a level
+road or smooth track, but it has not been demonstrated how a troop of
+wheels will last on rough country roads.
+
+Company E has taken no tents; the men are to sleep under such cover as
+they may find on the way. No food has been taken, or provided for; the
+men will have to forage, or seek for their own rations.
+
+Their one extra is a bicycle ambulance. This is a very novel affair, and
+is made of a covered stretcher slung between two tandems. The men have
+been allowed to put kettles and coffee-pots inside the stretcher at the
+start, but if in case of illness the ambulance is needed, even these
+small comforts will be left behind.
+
+They have with them an engineer to make maps, and a photographer, who
+has a camera slung under his saddle instead of a musket.
+
+The experiment is to be made on Long Island. When the Shinnecock Hills
+are reached, two days will be spent in scouting and reconnoitring, with
+skirmishes and sham fights to follow.
+
+They will thus have a week of practical campaigning.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+While we are on the subject of wheels we are reminded of a recent
+decision that bicycling is illegal on Sunday in New Jersey.
+
+This fact came out through a lawsuit. Two cyclists were riding in the
+town of Westfield, N.J., one Sunday, and came into collision, one of
+their wheels being wrecked.
+
+The man whose wheel was damaged claimed that the accident was due to the
+other's carelessness, and sued for twenty-five dollars to cover repairs
+to his machine.
+
+When the case came into court, and the judge heard that the affair had
+occurred on Sunday, he dismissed the complaint.
+
+He stated that bicycling on Sunday was an illegal practice, and that no
+one could come before a court and ask for protection from an accident
+that had happened to him when he was engaged in an occupation that was
+against the law.
+
+This decision will be a great surprise to a good many young folks, who
+have hitherto regarded Sunday as their best day to go a-wheeling.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We told you about Mr. Andree, who made an effort last year to reach the
+North Pole by balloon, and who intended to repeat the experiment this
+year from Spitzbergen. The news has just reached us that he has made his
+start.
+
+On the 15th of July, the wind being in a favorable direction, Mr. Andree
+determined to begin his dangerous voyage.
+
+Being anxious to get away before the wind should change or die out, the
+preparations were hurried forward, and in three hours and a half after
+he decided to make his attempt, all was in readiness.
+
+Accompanying the daring explorer were two other venturesome men, Mr.
+Strindberg and Mr. Fraenkel.
+
+Stepping into the car, they gave the word to have the balloon cut loose.
+They rose rapidly till they were about six hundred feet in the air, but
+at this altitude a cross-current struck them, and they were driven
+earthward again until they almost touched a projecting rock.
+
+It was feared that the attempt had failed, but the three men in the car
+set to work vigorously throwing out some of the sand-bags that had been
+put in the car for ballast, to steady it, and the balloon soon rose
+again and continued on her course.
+
+The weather was clear, and the _Eagle_, as the balloon was called, was
+visible for an hour. It appeared to be moving at the rate of twenty-two
+miles an hour, and to be taking the exact direction that Mr. Andree had
+wished that it should.
+
+The adventurers expected to reach the Pole in two or three days, but had
+prepared themselves for a trip of as many months.
+
+Nothing has as yet been heard or seen of the balloon. Russian steamers
+have been sent along the coast of Siberia in search of it, and it is
+hoped that some news may be gleaned through the circulars that the Czar
+caused to be sent among all the peoples around the Polar regions, asking
+them to watch for the balloon, and report it as soon as seen (see page
+860).
+
+[Illustration: A Homing Pigeon]
+
+A good deal of excitement was caused by the capture of a carrier-pigeon
+in Norway.
+
+Stamped on the bird's wings was "North Pole, 142 W. 47.62."
+
+It was thought at first that it was one of the birds which had been
+taken by Andree on his expedition, and that the North Pole had been
+discovered.
+
+It was found, however, that Andree's birds were all marked "Andree,
+A.D. 1897," and after a few days of excitement and wonder, it came out
+that the bird belonged to a German pigeon-flying society, and that it
+had been released in Heligoland.
+
+Carrier-pigeons are a particular breed of pigeon which have the
+wonderful quality of flying home no matter how far away they are
+carried.
+
+Societies have been formed to fly these wonderful birds, and they have
+been taken hundreds of miles away, over seas, to test this strange
+quality.
+
+The result has always been the same: the moment they are released they
+circle round and round for a time, as if trying to make out their
+bearings, and then fly off straight for home.
+
+This attribute has made them of great value to man in many ways.
+
+In times of war, messages have been sent by their aid.
+
+A man has made his way out of a besieged city, taking one of the birds
+with him, and by its aid has been able to send word back that he has
+reached his friends and will bring the needed help.
+
+The Emperor of Germany has just got himself into trouble over
+carrier-pigeons.
+
+Wishing to see for how long a distance they could be relied on in case
+of war, he sent a messenger over to England, who carried with him a
+great number of these clever birds.
+
+They were all marked so that they could be recognized, and on the shores
+of Dover, England, they were set free. Six hours after they had all
+found their way back to Duesseldorf, Germany.
+
+The despatching of these birds attracted the attention of the English
+people about Dover, and when it was discovered that they were the
+property of the Emperor of Germany there was a good deal of talk over
+it.
+
+The English people are always afraid that some foreign nation is going
+to try and invade their country, and imagining there was some deep and
+dark foreign plot underlying the pigeon-flying, they demanded of the
+authorities if the German Emperor had obtained permission to fly his
+birds.
+
+When it was found that permission had neither been asked nor accorded,
+the fear of a plot grew so strong that the matter was finally carried to
+the House of Commons, and an explanation demanded.
+
+The Under Secretary of War stated that the subject was already under
+consideration.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A rock covered with curious characters has recently been discovered in
+Mexico, in the mountains of the Magdalena district, state of Sonora.
+
+The characters appeared to resemble the Chinese so closely that a
+well-educated Chinaman was asked to go to see the rock and give his
+opinion about it.
+
+He had no sooner looked at it than he declared it to be a veritable
+Chinese inscription. He made a copy of it, and has already translated
+enough to show that the writing was cut in the stone about two thousand
+years ago.
+
+There are ten lines of characters on the parts of the rock exposed to
+view.
+
+The Chinaman who translated the inscription said it was an account of a
+Chinese settlement that had once been established in the place where the
+stone was found. He said that in the history of China there was a
+record of an expedition which had been sent to that portion of the
+western coast which is now Mexico.
+
+If this is true, the Continent of North America was discovered by the
+Chinese centuries before the time of Columbus.
+
+Evidence is coming to light in various parts of the globe of the
+tremendous journeys that were undertaken by the Chinese in the early
+days of civilization.
+
+It has lately been discovered that they at one time formed colonies in
+the islands of the Pacific Ocean.
+
+In Australia evidences have also been discovered of Chinese habitation.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It has been reported that King Menelik of Abyssinia has appointed a
+Russian General to be the Governor-General of those provinces of
+Abyssinia which lie in and around the equator.
+
+The appointment of a foreigner to such a post shows very distinctly that
+the Negus is really anxious to shed the light of civilization upon his
+people.
+
+M. de Leontieff, the Russian appointed by King Menelik, has already made
+two visits to Abyssinia, and is therefore well known to the King. He was
+at one time the bearer of rich presents from the Czar to the Negus.
+
+The position which M. de Leontieff will hold under Menelik is similar to
+that held by General Gordon in Egypt. Gordon found many opportunities to
+improve the condition of the people under his authority, and as M. de
+Leontieff is a very intelligent man, he will undoubtedly do all in his
+power to help King Menelik to develop his country.      G.H. ROSENFELD.
+
+
+
+
+THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND THE
+PEOPLE WHO LIVED ON IT.  1144
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+
+It is not for nothing, then, that we are taught in church to call all
+men our brethren, and we must learn to realize that all the nations of
+the earth are akin to us and to one another, and that the differences
+between them in looks, in moral qualities, and in mind are really not
+much more than what we often see in the members of one large family,
+where one brother may be a genius and make a great name or a fortune for
+himself, while another will never get beyond the simplest schooling and,
+later on, the plainest work as laborer or poorly paid clerk. Take the
+most light-complexioned child to the tropics, and there let him lead an
+outdoor life--hunting, herding cattle, building, ploughing, and
+harvesting--then look at the middle-aged man; you will find him burnt by
+the sun, tanned by wind and weather to a dark brown which will not
+bleach off even should he return to his native northern country to live.
+His children will be born darker than he was, his grandchildren probably
+darker still, and so on. What, then, must be the change should the
+descendants of a particular set of men live thousands--not hundreds, but
+thousands--of years in one particular zone of the earth, under the same
+conditions of climate, food, and local nature generally--what we call
+"environment"?
+
+This is exactly what happened to those detachments which once upon a
+time separated from the original human family. Each may have gone forth
+at random, but there was the earth to choose from and to be had for the
+taking; and, wherever such a detachment settled, there was nothing to
+prevent its posterity staying on and on, and developing their own
+peculiarities under local influences; for it would take many, many
+centuries before there would again be a lack of room and the process of
+separation would be repeated. Thus were formed the subdivisions of the
+human kind, with their striking characteristics and distinctive
+peculiarities, which we call the great Races of the World.
+
+Now, if this thing were to happen to any one of us--that we should
+discover brothers and kinsfolk of whom we knew nothing before--we would
+be very curious to find out all we could about them: where they came
+from, what had happened to them during all those years until they
+settled where we found them, and when and why they separated from their
+forefathers, who were also our own. These are the very things we want to
+find out about the various nations who live in the world now, and those
+who have lived in it before anything existed of what is now in the
+world, all the way back to the beginning.
+
+The task is quite easy, so long as we have books to help us, histories
+to tell us year by year all that went on in every part of the Great
+Round World, as our newspapers tell us day by day what is going on in it
+now. But books do not take us very far back. It is only four hundred
+years since printing was invented, and not more than six hundred since
+the art of making paper out of rags has been known. But people could
+write hundreds and hundreds of years before that was invented, and used
+almost anything to record the memorable doings of their day--bark of
+trees, skins of animals (parchment), "papyrus," a material made of the
+fibres of a plant. Short inscriptions over the entrances of temples and
+palaces, or cut with the chisel on monuments erected in memory of great
+events or above the graves of famous men, and long inscriptions covering
+whole walls or even the face of high rocks smoothed for the purpose,
+were like so many stone books, pages of which are continually discovered
+and read by our scholars.
+
+But we come at last to times so remote that there is not a trace of the
+roughest writing, not a fragment of the crudest monument, to tell us the
+story of the men who, then as now, must have thought and labored and
+invented, only so much more slowly, under difficulties which we can
+hardly picture to ourselves. "What, then," is the natural question,
+"what can we know of such times, and of earlier ones still? How do we
+know things happened in the manner described a few pages back?" We know
+it, in the first place, _by analogy_, _i.e._, because the same things
+have happened over and over again in the same manner in times which we
+know all about, _and are happening now, under our eyes_--for what is the
+constant tide of immigration which keeps coming in from the East but,
+under modern conditions, the same swarming off from overcrowded native
+hives of seekers after more land and new fortunes? In the second place,
+the oldest races of the world left abundant traces by which we can
+determine not only the places of their settlements, but their mode of
+life and the degree of culture they successively reached.
+
+There has certainly been a time when men did not know enough to build
+dwellings for themselves--or, not to be unfair, had not the necessary
+tools--but lived in the forests which then very nearly covered the
+globe, using such natural shelter as they found ready for them, almost
+like the savage animals which it was their main business to fight and
+kill in self-defence and also for food and clothing. Caverns in steep
+mountain-sides must have been their most luxurious, because safest and
+best-protected, retreats. Many dozens of such caverns are known in all
+parts of the world, and the tale they tell is not difficult to read.
+Several have become very famous, from the wealth of finds with which
+they rewarded the searchers. Some appear to have been used as
+burying-places, for the ground in them is covered to a great depth with
+broken-up human skulls and skeletons, while outside, on the rocky ledges
+or platforms before the mouth of the cavern, are found the traces of
+large fires, built again and again on the same spot--ashes, and cinders,
+and charred bones of animals; also broken marrow-bones, horns, hoofs,
+and other remains of plentiful meals, showing that then already it was
+the custom to feast at funerals.
+
+Other caverns have as certainly been used as dwellings. Hence the name
+of "cave-dwellers," which has been given to those otherwise unknown
+races. How very crude and primitive their mode of life is shown by the
+vast quantities of tools and weapons in hard flint--generally
+broken--which are found intermixed with the other remains. They are very
+simple: heads of spears, blades of knives and scrapers, some indented
+like coarse saws, hatchets and mallets chipped into shape with no
+attempt at polishing--such, with occasional variations in bone, was the
+sum total of the cave-dwellers' equipment for the chase, for war, and
+for domestic purposes. That they could, with such slender resources,
+hold their own against the animals whose haunts they shared and who then
+were so much more numerous than men, is the more wonderful that those
+animals were of monstrous size, more than twice the size of the same
+kinds now, not to speak of some huge beasts which then roamed woods and
+plains in herds and are now wholly extinct--such as the mammoth, the
+ancestor of our elephant.
+
+In all those heaps of tools and fragments, not a trace of any metal has
+been found; wherefore this oldest of all times of which we can catch
+stray glimpses has been given the general name of "Age of Stone."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+        _To Any Subscriber Securing_
+
+             For Us =1= _NEW_
+                        _SUBSCRIPTION_
+
+              _We Will Send, Post-Paid,
+                A BOUND VOLUME OF ..._
+
+               =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD=
+
+     _These volumes are neatly bound in cloth, with title stamped
+     on side and back, and make a neat library book, handy in
+     size and weight, and tasteful in appearance._
+
+    =PART I.= _contains_
+       =NOVEMBER 11th, 1896 to FEBRUARY 18th, 1897=
+
+    =PART II.= _contains_
+       =FEBRUARY 25th, 1897 to JUNE 3d, 1897=
+
+     ALBERT ROSS PARSONS, _President, American College of
+     Musicians,_ writes concerning his son, aged 10: "The bound
+     volume of the first fifteen numbers has remained his daily
+     mental food and amusement ever since it arrived. I thank you
+     for your great service both to our young people and to their
+     elders."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                            =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD=
+                =3 & 5 WEST 18TH STREET       NEW YORK CITY=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Do you Cover your Books?
+
+    THE "ONE PIECE"
+    ADJUSTABLE BOOK COVERS
+
+are made of the strongest and best book-cover paper obtainable. This paper
+is made in large quantities especially for these book covers and will
+protect books perfectly. The book covers themselves are a marvel of
+ingenuity, and, although they are in one piece and can be adjusted to fit
+perfectly any sized book without cutting the paper, they are also so
+simple that any boy or girl can use them; as they are already gummed they
+are always ready for use.
+
+A sample dozen will be mailed to any address for 20 cents (or ten two-cent
+stamps) if you write
+
+               WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON
+    3 and 5 West 18th Street,       New York City
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: Net]
+
+TO ANY ONE SENDING US
+
+     =12 New ...=
+        =Subscribers=
+
+                    WE WILL SEND (EXPRESS PAID) A FULL
+
+                           =Lawn Tennis Set=
+
+                            CONSISTING OF
+
+                          3 "BOY'S" RACQUETS
+                          1 "DRIVE" RACQUET
+                          4 STANDARD TENNIS BALLS
+                          1 NET, 27 x 3 FEET
+                          2 JOINTED POLES
+                          1 MALLET
+                          1 SET OF GUY ROPES
+
+     Complete in neat box, with set of this year's rules.
+
+[Illustration: Divider]
+
+            THE GREAT ROUND WORLD
+     3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST.  NEW YORK CITY
+
+       *       *       *       *
+
+="The Great Round World" PRIZE CONTEST=
+
+THE GREAT ROUND WORLD is now over six months old, and it feels some
+anxiety to know just how much interest its readers have taken in the
+news and how much information they have gained from its pages. To
+ascertain this, it has been decided to offer ten prizes for the best
+answers to the following:
+
+     =Name ten of the most important events that have been mentioned in
+     "The Great Round World" in the first 30 numbers, that is, up to
+     number of June 3d.=
+
+     _In mentioning these events give briefly reasons for considering
+     them important._
+
+This competition will be open to subscribers only, and any one desiring
+to enter the competition must send to this office their name and the
+date of their subscription; a number will then be given them.
+
+All new subscribers will be furnished with a card entitling them to
+enter the competition.
+
+In making the selection of important events, remember that wars and
+political events are not necessarily the most important. If, for
+instance, the air-ship had turned out to be a genuine and successful
+thing, it would have been most important as affecting the history of the
+world. Or if by chance the telephone or telegraph had been invented in
+this period, these inventions would have been _important_ events.
+
+Prizes will be awarded to those who make the best selection and who
+mention the events in the best order of their importance. Answers may be
+sent in any time before September 1st.
+
+The Great Round World does not want you to hurry over this contest, but
+to take plenty of time and do the work carefully. It will be a pleasant
+occupation for the summer months.
+
+We would advise you to take the magazines starting at No. 1, look them
+over carefully, keep a note-book at your side, and jot down in it the
+events that seem to you important; when you have finished them all, No.
+1 to 30, look over your notes and select the ten events that seem to you
+to be the most important, stating after each event your reason for
+thinking it important.
+
+For instance: suppose you decide that the death of Dr. Ruiz was one of
+these important events, you might say, "The killing of Dr. Ruiz in the
+prison of Guanabacoa--because it brought the cruelties practised on
+American citizens to the attention of our Government," etc., etc.
+
+In sending your answers put your number and the date only on them, for
+the judges are not to know names and addresses of the contestants, that
+there may be no favoritism shown.
+
+It is important to put date on, for if two or more are found of similar
+standing, the one first received will be given preference.
+
+Address all letters to REVIEW PRIZE CONTEST DEPARTMENT,
+GREAT ROUND WORLD, 3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City.
+
+          _Write answer on one side of the paper only_
+     =Prizes will be selections from the premium catalogue=
+
+         No. 1. Premiums as given for 15 Subscriptions
+         No. 2.    "      "   "    "  12        "
+         No. 3.    "      "   "    "  10        "
+         No. 4.    "      "   "    "   9        "
+         No. 5.    "      "   "    "   8        "
+         No. 6.    "      "   "    "   7        "
+         No. 7.    "      "   "    "   5        "
+         No. 8.    "      "   "    "   5        "
+         No. 9.    "      "   "    "   5        "
+         No. 10.   "      "   "    "   5        "
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is
+Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 40, August 12, 1897, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND ***
+
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