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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/15789-8.txt b/15789-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..44c60a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/15789-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1654 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On +In It, Vol. 1, No. 36, July 15, 1897, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 36, July 15, 1897 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop + +Release Date: May 7, 2005 [EBook #15789] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + + + + +_FIVE CENTS._ + +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD +AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT + + Vol. 1 JULY 15, 1897 No. 36. +[Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second class matter] + +[Illustration: A +WEEKLY +NEWSPAPER +FOR +BOYS AND +GIRLS] + +Subscription +$2.50 per year +$1.25 6 months + + + WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON. PUBLISHER + NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY + +=Copyright, 1897, by WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON.= + + * * * * * + +[Illustration: Books] + +To any subscriber securing for us + ... ...1 NEW SUBSCRIPTION + + _we will send post-paid any one of the following books. Printed on + extra laid paper, bound in red buckram, gilt top._ + + Andersen's Fairy Tales. By Hans Andersen. + Allan Quatermain. By H. Rider Haggard. + Auld Lang Syne. By W. Clark Russell. + Adam Bede. By George Eliot. + Abbé Constantin. By Ludovic Halévy. + Ardath. By Marie Corelli. + Big Bow Mystery. By I. Zangwill. + Bondman. By Hall Caine. + Beyond the City. By A. Conan Doyle. + Black Beauty. By Anna Sewell. + Beatrice. By H. Rider Haggard. + Baron Munchausen. By Rudolph Raspe. + Bryant's Poems. By William Cullen Bryant. + Chouans. By Honoré de Balzac. + Cloister Wendhusen. By W. Heimburg. + Country Sweetheart. By Dora Russell. + Change of Air. By Anthony Hope. + Cowper's Poems. By William Cowper. + Cleopatra. By H. Rider Haggard. + Deerslayer. By J. Fenimore Cooper. + Desperate Remedies. By Thomas Hardy. + Danira. By E. Werner. + Duchess. By The Duchess. + Dorothy's Double. By G.A. Henty. + Diana of the Crossways. By George Meredith. + Doctor Rameau. By Georges Ohnet. + David Copperfield. By Charles Dickens. + Dombey & Son. By Charles Dickens. + Elsie. By W. Heimburg. + Evolution of Dodd. By William Hawley Smith. + Fromont Jr. and Risler Sr. By Alphonse Daudet. + Flower of France. By Marah Ellis Ryan. + Great Keinplatz Experiment. By A. Conan Doyle. + Gladiators. By C.J. Whyte-Melville. + Grimm's Fairy Tales. + House of the Wolf. By Stanley Weyman. + Harlequin Opal. By Fergus Hume. + Hortense. By W. Heimburg. + Heir of Redcliffe. By Charlotte M. Yonge. + Han of Iceland. By Victor Hugo. + Ironmaster. By Georges Ohnet. + In All Shades. By Grant Allen. + Jane Eyre. By Charlotte Brontë. + Kings in Exile. By Alphonse Daudet. + Kidnapped. By Robert Louis Stevenson. + Little Rebel. By The Duchess. + Last of the Mohicans. By J. Fenimore Cooper. + Light that Failed. By Rudyard Kipling. + Light of Asia. By Sir Edwin Arnold. + + THE GREAT ROUND WORLD + 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY + + * * * * * + +=The Second Bound Volume= + +OF + +=THE GREAT ROUND WORLD= + +(Containing Nos. 16 to 30) + +=IS NOW READY= + + Handsomely bound in strong cloth, with title on side and back. + Price, postage paid, $1.25. Subscribers may exchange their numbers + by sending them to us (express paid) with 35 cents to cover cost of + binding, and 10 cents for return carriage. + + Address +=_3 and 5 West 18th Street, ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇ New York City_= + + * * * * * + +=LIBRARIANS= + +will please note that the subscription price of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD--to +libraries--is $1.75 per year. + + * * * * * + +Do you Cover your Books? + + THE "ONE PIECE" + ADJUSTABLE BOOK COVERS + +are made of the strongest and best book-cover paper obtainable. This paper +is made in large quantities especially for these book covers and will +protect books perfectly. The book covers themselves are a marvel of +ingenuity, and, although they are in one piece and can be adjusted to fit +perfectly any sized book without cutting the paper, they are also so +simple that any boy or girl can use them; as they are already gummed they +are always ready for use. + +A sample dozen will be mailed to any address for 20 cents (or ten two-cent +stamps) if you write + + WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON + + 3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City + + * * * * * + + ILLINOIS STATE NORMAL UNIVERSITY. + + NORMAL, ILL. June 16, 1897. + + + To whom it may concern:-- + + I have examined the publication "The Great Round World". It seems + to me to be admirable in its design and also in its execution. It + abandons the formal style of the newspaper in the narration of + events, substituting instead a style that is at once conversational + and free. I commend it to the consideration of school men. + + [Illustration: handwritten signature, John W. Cook.] + + * * * * * + +="The Great Round World" PRIZE CONTEST= + + +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD is now over six months old, and it feels some +anxiety to know just how much interest its readers have taken in the +news and how much information they have gained from its pages. To +ascertain this, it has been decided to offer ten prizes for the best +answers to the following: + + =Name ten of the most important events that have been mentioned in + "The Great Round World" in the first 30 numbers, that is, up to + number of June 3d.= + + _In mentioning these events give briefly reasons for considering + them important._ + +This competition will be open to subscribers only, and any one desiring +to enter the competition must send to this office their name and the +date of their subscription; a number will then be given them. + +All new subscribers will be furnished with a card entitling them to +enter the competition. + +In making the selection of important events, remember that wars and +political events are not necessarily the most important. If, for +instance, the air-ship had turned out to be a genuine and successful +thing, it would have been most important as affecting the history of the +world. Or if by chance the telephone or telegraph had been invented in +this period, these inventions would have been _important_ events. + +Prizes will be awarded to those who make the best selection and who +mention the events in the best order of their importance. Answers may be +sent in any time before September 1st. + +The Great Round World does not want you to hurry over this contest, but +to take plenty of time and do the work carefully. It will be a pleasant +occupation for the summer months. + +We would advise you to take the magazines starting at No. 1, look them +over carefully, keep a note-book at your side, and jot down in it the +events that seem to you important; when you have finished them all, No. +1 to 30, look over your notes and select the ten events that seem to you +to be the most important, stating after each event your reason for +thinking it important. + +For instance: suppose you decide that the death of Dr. Ruiz was one of +these important events, you might say, "The killing of Dr. Ruiz in the +prison of Guanabacoa--because it brought the cruelties practised on +American citizens to the attention of our Government," etc., etc. + +In sending your answers put your number and the date only on them, for +the judges are not to know names and addresses of the contestants, that +there may be no favoritism shown. + +It is important to put date on, for if two or more are found of similar +standing, the one first received will be given preference. + +Address all letters to REVIEW PRIZE CONTEST DEPARTMENT, +GREAT ROUND WORLD, 3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City. + + _Write answer on one side of the paper only_ + =Prizes will be selections from the premium catalogue= + + No. 1. Premiums as given for 15 Subscriptions + No. 2. " " " " 12 " + No. 3. " " " " 10 " + No. 4. " " " " 9 " + No. 5. " " " " 8 " + No. 6. " " " " 7 " + No. 7. " " " " 5 " + No. 8. " " " " 5 " + No. 9. " " " " 5 " + No. 10. " " " " 5 " + + * * * * * + +[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND +WORLD +AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.] + + VOL. 1 JULY 15, 1897. NO. 36 + +It is reported from Thessaly that the Turks are ruining the country. + +The correspondent who sent the news, having managed to escape the notice +of the Turkish officials, claims to have made a personal examination of +the state of affairs in the city of Larissa. + +He found that all the houses, except those inhabited by Mohammedans, had +been stripped of their contents, and he was informed on the best +authority that many car-loads of plunder had been sent by the soldiers +to the Turkish town of Elassonna. + +In Turnavo, another city of Thessaly, the same condition of affairs +exists as in Larissa. Here, however, the inhabitants had some warning of +the coming of the Turks, and had time to remove many of their valuables +before the enemy arrived. + +The condition of Thessaly is desperate. The harvests are rotting in the +fields. The peasants dare not attempt to gather them in, for fear of the +Turkish soldiers, who, under pretence of seeking for arms, beat them +unmercifully until they hand over what money or valuables they have. + + * * * * * + +The governorship of Crete has been offered to Monsieur Droz, the +ex-president of Switzerland. + +It is said that he has accepted on condition that he is first to be +given an opportunity of seeing how he can get along with the Cretans. + + * * * * * + +The latest report from Cuba is that General Gomez has been wounded, and +some say killed. + +There was a fight in the province of Puerto Principe, and during the +action General Gomez's horse was killed under him and the old soldier +wounded. + +The whole story comes from the Spanish side, and so the Cubans, before +being disturbed by the news, are waiting for it to be confirmed. + +The insurgents have been very active during the last few days. + +It is reported that they have had the good fortune to intercept a couple +of valuable Spanish expeditions, securing in one a prize of $200,000, +and in the other $3,000 in cash, $1,700 worth of medicines and two carts +laden with provisions. + +We are, however, sorry to tell you that the Cubans are beginning to +adopt the same cruel methods toward the Spaniards that the Spaniards +have been using against them. + +A coach full of travellers was journeying with the expedition that +carried the medicines and provisions. The Cubans outnumbered the party, +and took them all prisoners. A woman and a little child who were of the +party were treated kindly and set at liberty, but every Spanish soldier +and every man with the expedition was put to death. + +If the Cubans continue to practise these cruelties they will lose the +strong sympathy which their bravery has so far gained for them. + +Many Spanish soldiers are still deserting to the Cuban lines. The +deserters say that life is unbearable in the Spanish army. The soldiers +are roughly treated, have scarcely anything to eat, and receive their +pay in worthless paper money. + +One entire battalion mutinied a short while ago, and refused to accept +this paper money. The colonel had to give the soldiers his solemn +promise that their pay should be given them half in gold and half in +silver before they would consent to return to duty. + +It is stated that the sum of $50,000,000 is needed for the payment of +the soldiers, and that there is little hope of getting it from Spain, +because the Rothschilds will not lend the Government any more money +unless Spain sacrifices the income of the famous Almaden quicksilver +mines for twenty years. + +The Rothschilds are the greatest and richest bankers in the world. + +This firm has branch houses in all the great capitals in Europe, and has +probably lent money to every government on the continent. + +If a war is contemplated, and a nation needs a large sum of ready money +to make preparations, it is to the Rothschilds that its government +generally turns. + +When good security is offered there is never any trouble in getting +money from them, but if the security is not of the best they never find +themselves in a position to lend the money. + +In 1870, Spain, needing money, applied to the Rothschilds and obtained +what she needed because she offered as security for the repayment of the +loan a lease of the Almaden mines for a term of thirty years. + +These mines are said to be the greatest quicksilver mines in the world, +and yield an immense profit. + +The Rothschilds worked the mines and realized their profits, the Spanish +Government receiving a royalty of so much money for each flask of +quicksilver sold. + +This royalty, in the twenty-six years the bankers have been working the +mines, has amounted to thirty-six millions of dollars. + +The contract with the Spanish Government expires in 1900, and so when +Spain needed money for the Cuban war and applied to the Rothschilds for +it, the bankers were very willing to lend it, asking in return that +their lease of the mines be extended for another term of twenty years. + +This, Spain was unwilling to do. + +She had been informed by her engineers that if she could get the control +of the mines into her own hands, she could realize a yearly income from +them of $6,000,000. + +The Government therefore decided that the lease could not be granted, +and the Rothschilds on their part said that they could not accommodate +Spain with the required money, and so the last loan for the Cuban war +had to be obtained from other sources. + +Spain is again in need of money. If she decides to grant a new lease of +the mines she can obtain it readily. + +If she does not make this arrangement, it is said that she will be +obliged to come to terms with Cuba for lack of funds to fight her. + +A plan to raise money for Cuba has been started in this country. + +A silver coin has been struck off, which is to be sold in the United +States, and the proceeds used to buy arms for Cuba. + +The coin is about the size of a silver dollar, one side bearing the head +of the Goddess of Liberty, and the reverse the arms of Cuba. Its price +will be one dollar. + +Ten thousand of these coins are to be ready during the first week in +July, and the Cubans have made arrangements for a further three millions +to be coined if they are required. + + * * * * * + +The fate of Gen. Rius Rivera is not absolutely decided. + +He was tried by court-martial in the Cabanas fortress and was condemned +to be shot. + +A cablegram was received by General Weyler from Madrid, ordering him to +delay the execution on account of the feeling in the United States. + +General Weyler is said to have cabled back that the United States should +not interfere with prisoners who are not Americans, and to have +requested that he be allowed to carry out the sentence of the court, +because the punishing of General Rivera would have a very desirable +effect on the insurgents. + +A Cabinet council has been called in Madrid, and the question is being +carefully discussed. The decision is anxiously awaited. + +A letter has been received from General Lee saying that food purchased +with the Relief Fund is being distributed to the needy Americans. + + * * * * * + +The _Dauntless_ is certainly a very lucky little vessel. + +We told you last week how she had been captured by the cutter _McLean_, +in consequence of an accident to her machinery. + +The crew of the _Dauntless_ were of course arrested with her, and were +brought to Key West for trial. + +To everybody's surprise they have been discharged on the ground that +there was no evidence to prove they were engaged in fitting out a +filibustering expedition. + +The Madrid newspapers are saying very bitter things about the United +States for not punishing the persons connected with these affairs. They +declare that we make a pretence of taking them prisoners to satisfy +Spain, and then set them at liberty to please ourselves. + + * * * * * + +It would seem that the reports from the Philippine Islands are as +unreliable as those from Cuba. + +It was only last week that we heard that the rebellion was on a stronger +footing than ever, and that there was little chance that it would soon +be put down. + +This week a steamer from Japan brings the news that the Governor-General +of the Philippines has issued a proclamation that the rebellion is at an +end, and announcing that Spanish rule had been re-established. + +It will be interesting to know whether this is really true or merely a +statement of the same kind as those General Weyler has been making for +so many months. + + * * * * * + +A curious experiment is being tried in Tennessee. + +A co-operative town has been established by a few workingmen, and from +all accounts it seems to be a great success. + +The town is called Ruskin, and at the present time has seventy families +in it. + +In this town all men are considered equal, every man, and woman too, +receiving the same amount of wage for his labor, whether it be skilled +or unskilled. The school teacher receives the same pay as the day +laborer; all stand on an equal footing. + +When a man wishes to go and live in Ruskin, he has first to ask for +permission to settle there. The Ruskinites own their town, and are +careful not to allow any people to settle in it who are not likely to be +agreeable to them. + +To every person who wishes to join them they send a list of questions, +asking the would-be settler what his ideas are on certain points. + +If the answers are unsatisfactory, the applicant is told that there is +no room for him in Ruskin. + +If, however, his ideas agree with those of the rest of the community, +his name is put up for membership, and he is elected by ballot, as he +would be to a club. + +When elected, the new member is obliged to pay an initiation fee of $500 +toward the general funds of the town, and he and his family are then +welcome to join the settlement as soon as they see fit. + +When they arrive they are given a house and lot rent free. There are no +taxes to pay in Ruskin; everything is free but furniture and food. +Schools and school-books, doctors, medicines, all are free; the family +washing is even undertaken by the community free of charge. + +In return for these advantages the family is required to work. + +The father must be willing to do any task that is assigned to him, +without complaint. It does not matter if he has never handled a spade in +his life, he must dig if required to, and dig to the best of his +ability. + +The payment in Ruskin is not in dollars and cents, but hours' labor, +notes of one, five, and ten hours' value being printed, and passing for +currency in the town. + +The community allows each man the value of fifty hours' labor a week, +his wife the same amount, and his children twenty hours each. + +The husband is required to work the full time for the community; the +wife is allowed four hours of the day to work for her home, and need +only give five hours to the general good. The four hours that she spends +in her housework are, however, credited to her as hours of labor, +because she is benefiting the community by keeping an orderly home. + +In the same way the twenty hours' weekly labor for which the children +are paid are the hours they spend in school. By going to school and +learning they, too, are benefiting the community, so that their labor is +also for the general good. + +When school is over, children who wish to do so can wait on table in the +community dining-hall, and then they earn more time-checks. + +These checks can be exchanged at the general store for goods, the prices +of articles not being reckoned at so many cents but at so many hours of +labor. + +The Ruskin people seem to be hopeful that they have solved the problem +of living. + +A similar experiment is to be tried under the management of Eugene Debs. +He is the man who led the strikers in Chicago, got into trouble with the +authorities, and was finally sent to prison. + +Debs proposes to start a co-operative town in the West, taking one +hundred thousand men and women along with him to settle it. + +He is going to build factories and start all kinds of industries, which +are to belong to all the people in common, the profits and the losses to +be shared by all the citizens alike. + +Peace and prosperity are promised to all who will enter this ideal town. +It will be interesting to watch the experiment and see just what results +can be achieved. + + * * * * * + +Foreign governments are beginning to be heard from on the subject of the +annexation of Hawaii. + +A member of the English House of Commons has asked the Government +whether it intends to allow this very important coaling-station to pass +out of its reach without protest. + +The Secretary of the Foreign Office replied that no decision had as yet +been reached by the United States, and therefore the Government did not +see that any action was necessary at present. + +The Secretary went on to state that the English ministers would be +careful that none of the rights of British subjects were interfered +with. + +Russia, on her part, has stated that she thinks that the annexation of +Hawaii may be followed by the seizure of Cuba, and considers it a step +very dangerous to Europe. She will not, however, join with Japan in her +protest. + +A report was circulated that Spain and Japan were forming an alliance to +resist the annexation of the Sandwich Islands, but this report has been +denied. + +The German Emperor is said to have declared that he fears the +interference of the United States with European affairs if she is +allowed to extend her territory in this way. + +With all these more or less unfriendly comments there has been but the +one serious objection to the project, and that has come from Japan. + +The State Department has replied to the protest from the Japanese +minister. The Department refuses to allow the claim that the treaty +between Japan and Hawaii was a perpetual treaty. The refusal was based +on the grounds that we gave you last week. + +The Japanese protest also declares that there are twenty-five thousand +of her people resident in the Sandwich Islands who have earned the right +to become citizens, and our Government is asked what it proposes to do +about these people in case the treaty is ratified. + +In replying to this point the State Department refused to give any +definite answer, saying that it was a matter to be settled by Congress +or the courts. + +This reply was sent to the Japanese minister, who immediately cabled it +to his Government. + +The next step in this matter must be taken by Japan, and there is a good +deal of anxiety as to what it will be. + +The arrival of the steamer from Honolulu was eagerly watched for, as it +was thought that the news from Hawaii might give some idea of the temper +of the Japanese. + +Every one was therefore very delighted to learn that the Japanese had +taken no aggressive steps. + +The steamer brought news of a slight alarm in Honolulu, but it had +amounted to nothing. + +A report had been spread that the Japanese warship _Naniwa_ was about to +land her marines and take possession of the Hawaiian Government +buildings and custom-house. + +The news soon reached Admiral Beardslee, who is in command of the +cruiser _Philadelphia_. + +Since the _Philadelphia_ has been in port the Admiral has held weekly +drills of the crews of his own ship, and also of the _Marion_, which has +long been on the Hawaiian station. + +At the time the news reached him, the crews were ashore drilling. + +The Admiral sent an order for them to hurry back to their ships and be +in readiness to prevent any such action on the part of the Japanese. + +When the Japanese minister heard of the matter, he made light of it, and +declared that there had never been any idea of landing marines from the +Japanese warship. + +The people of Honolulu say that the report was true nevertheless, and +that the prompt action of Admiral Beardslee prevented it from being +carried out. + +It seems that the Japanese minister in Hawaii is maintaining that he has +not yet received any reply to his letter to the Hawaiian Government. + +He absolutely declines to regard Mr. Cooper's letter, which was +published in the papers before it reached him, as a reply to his +official communication. + + * * * * * + +Prince Henry of Orleans has arrived safely at the court of Menelik of +Abyssinia, and has been received by him. + +Menelik is described by Prince Henry as an intelligent, good-humored +man, of about forty years of age. His skin is dark, but not nearly so +black as has been stated. + +The Prince found him an agreeable person, much interested in foreign +affairs, and he asked so many intelligent questions about the government +of foreign countries that his visitor was astonished. This savage +monarch knew all about the struggle between Japan and China, and +realized the immense progress the Japanese had made since the war. + +Menelik questioned the Prince about the French President, and seemed +fully acquainted with everything concerning him. He had also heard of +the Prince's voyages, and was extremely interested in his Chinese trip, +asking many questions about the way the people lived in China, their +manufactures and their food. + +This information is particularly interesting when we realize that +Menelik is the king of a savage nation. There are no schools or books in +his country, no manufactories or railroads,--indeed, little civilization +of any kind. + +In the heart of the wilderness this man has made himself familiar with +the doings of the outer world, and has made his power felt among the +great nations. + +The friendship of this savage is necessary to the great Powers of +Europe, and he is well aware of this fact, and is striving to make his +knowledge of practical value for the advancement of his people. + +[Illustration] + +It is toward Africa that the Powers of Europe are turning their +attention at the present day. England, France, Germany, and Italy are +all seeking to plant colonies there, and gather its riches for +themselves. + +For years the various countries have had their way in Africa and have +pursued their conquests practically unchecked. + +The few savage tribes that have resisted have been mastered with more or +less difficulty, and the country has been settled by the conquerors. + +No nation had been met with that was strong enough to check the onward +march of Europe, until Menelik, Negus of Abyssinia, defeated the +Italians at the battle of Adowa, and showed Europe that he, at least, +intended to bring the conquerors to terms. + +Since this battle all the nations interested in Africa have been seeking +the friendship of this swarthy monarch. + +England finds it necessary to make a friend of him, lest in her wars +with the Mahdi's followers, in the Soudan, she have Menelik also against +her. + +France and Italy both need the alliance of this powerful king, else they +will not be able to maintain the colonies they have already established. + +Most of the African rulers have been won over with presents of beads and +gaudy ornaments, but Menelik belongs to a different class. He has +studied and tried to fathom the intricacies of European government, and +if he gives his friendship to the nations that are suing for it, it will +be in exchange for benefits much more substantial than the Europeans +have been accustomed to give. + + * * * * * + +Steady progress has been made with the Tariff Bill, and it is expected +that it will be passed within a very few days. + +An attempt has been made to put a provision against Trusts in the bill. + +The proposed clause would make it unlawful for people to combine +together to restrain free competition or to increase the market price of +materials. All materials unfairly increased in price are to be forfeited +to the United States, and it is to be the duty of the Attorney-General +to enforce all laws against Trusts, and to do all in his power to +suppress them. + +It is thought that it will be difficult to add this clause to the bill, +but every effort will be made to accomplish it. + +Mr. Sherman expressed himself very strongly on the subject of Trusts the +other day. + +He said that in his belief the question of Trusts was the most important +one before the nation to-day. + +He said that the Trust Law was not strong enough in its present form, +and that he was in favor of making all combinations that restrained +trade unlawful. + +He declared that even if the effect of Trusts was to lower prices, he +considered them injurious to the public good, because they prevented +competition and drove the smaller men out of business. + +The Tobacco Trust trial has resulted in a disagreement of the jury. + + * * * * * + +A wonderful diving-bell is being tried in the Great Lakes. + +We described the method of using diving-bells in a previous number, but +this new invention is built on an entirely different plan, and can +accomplish results never before dreamed of. + +The kind formerly made could not withstand the pressure of the water at +any very great depth. No machine had been invented capable of bearing +this strain until the new Smith bell was tried. + +This bell has worked successfully in two hundred feet of water, and it +is claimed can withstand the pressure at a much greater depth. + +The most remarkable thing about the bell is that it can move about under +the water, instead of merely being let down to remain in one place like +an ordinary diving-bell. + +Attached to its cage are four long arms, which can be moved about at +will by the persons in the bell. + +With the aid of these arms the huge machine can move from place to place +like a great spider. + +The arms can also be drawn together like pincers, and made to grip +objects and carry them up to the surface. + +The interior of the bell is lighted by electricity. Outside it carries a +large headlight, which enables those in the bell to see around them for +a distance of a hundred feet. + +Experiments have been made in the Great Lakes with this bell, and its +first practical work has been to locate the exact position of the +steamer _Pewabic_, which was wrecked in Lake Michigan thirty-two years +ago. + +Many attempts have been made to find this steamer because she was laden +with a cargo of copper ingots, and had besides a large sum of money on +board, the two together amounting to about $140,000. + +All attempts had, however, been unsuccessful until the Smith bell was +used. The steamer was found lying in one hundred and sixty feet of +water. + +To prove the truth of the find, portions of the wreck were brought to +the surface. + +The success in Lake Michigan has determined the owner of the diving-bell +to try and raise the North German Lloyd steamer _Elbe_, which was +wrecked off the coast of England in 1895. + +The owners of the _Elbe_ have already spent about fifty thousand dollars +in efforts to recover their vessel. + +The position of the ship was located by divers, who, at a depth of one +hundred and seventy-one feet, found the upper works of the steamer. +These men, however, declare that it is utterly impossible to raise the +ship. + +The _Elbe_ had a valuable cargo and a large amount of gold on board. The +owners of the diving-bell are determined to make the effort to raise her +and secure for themselves the immense reward offered. + +They intend to remove the cargo first and then raise the hull, if it is +possible to do so. + +They are very hopeful of success, and say that the task does not appear +to them any more difficult than the raising of the cargo of the +_Pewabic_ which latter task they are sure of accomplishing. + + * * * * * + +On the 24th of June there was a celebration in Halifax, Nova Scotia, of +the four hundredth anniversary of the discovery of the mainland of +America. + +A tablet was placed in the Parliament building in honor of John Cabot, +who four hundred years ago sailed from Bristol, England, and finally +reached the shores of Newfoundland. + +An endeavor was made to make the celebration a general one throughout +Canada and the United States, but this was found to be impracticable. +Cabot's voyage could not be made of the same importance as that of +Columbus. + +The foundation-stone of a monument to Cabot was laid in his native town +of Bristol on the same day that the celebration took place in Halifax. + + * * * * * + +Lieutenant Peary has started on another Polar expedition, and feels +hopeful that this time he will be able to reach the Pole. + +His plans for his trip are much the same as those of Dr. Nansen; that is +to say, he will establish little colonies of Eskimos at certain +distances along his route, leaving supplies with each colony, which he +can fall back on in case of need. + +He intends to keep up a constant communication with these settlements by +means of dogs and sledges, so that he will not be entirely cut off from +the world as previous explorers have been. + +Lieutenant Peary has obtained five years' leave of absence from the Navy +Department. He will therefore have plenty of time for his experiment. He +says that if he fails the first time he will keep on trying until he +succeeds in reaching the Pole. + +There is a story that one of the men who expect to go north with +Lieutenant Peary has a scheme for reaching the Pole on a bicycle. + +This seems to be the strangest use thus far suggested for the bicycle. + +Mr. Lee, who is the inventor of this novel plan, was with Lieutenant +Peary on his last trip. + +He says that there are miles and miles of smooth surface in the Polar +regions that could easily be covered on a wheel. + +According to his statement the water freezes smoothly, and the salt +crystals that form on the top of the ice make the surface like a +gravelled path, and there is consequently no danger that the wheel would +slip. + +He says that where the snow covers the ice it is pounded so hard by the +winds that the crust is quite solid enough to bear the weight of a man. + +In his opinion a wheelman would find no difficulty in travelling over +it. + +He thinks wheeling to the Pole is the simplest and most practical plan +that has yet been proposed. + +If he goes with Lieutenant Peary, Mr. Lee declares that he will take his +wheel along with him and make the experiment. He thinks that a man could +wheel to the Pole and back from the north of Greenland in one week. + +The great difficulty in the way of his scheme is that it would not be +safe for one man to make the trip alone. + +He thinks that at least half a dozen ought to start together. In those +far northern lands the fewer white men there are in a party the better +its chance of success, because they require so much more food than the +Eskimos, and it has to be of a more dainty character. Where provisions +are so scarce, this is a serious consideration. + +Mr. Lee says that the present pneumatic tires would not be of the +slightest use, as rubber cracks and splits with the extreme cold. He has +a plan for a new kind of tire that could withstand the climate. + + * * * * * + +We saw an account the other day of a new sport for the wheel, which is +being indulged in by the cyclists of England and France. + +It is called bicycle duelling, and consists of fighting mock duels on +the wheel. + +It is said by those who have witnessed it to be a very interesting +sport. + +The contestants are masked; use foils with buttons on the points, and +fight according to the strict rules of fencing. The game is won by +touching the adversary over the heart with the sheathed point of the +foil. + +In fencing, a man has to keep his eye closely on his adversary, and +dares not allow his attention to be distracted for a moment. It is +therefore absolutely necessary that those who engage in a bicycle duel +should be expert riders. + +The mimic battle begins by the two riders circling slowly round each +other, waiting for an opportunity to dash in and strike a blow. + +This circling continues for a few moments until one darts forward--the +foils clash, and the aggressor passes swiftly on, only to turn and +recommence the circling until he sees another opportunity. + +They fight in this way, back and forth, round and round, until the final +touch is given; then the cyclist who is touched is obliged to dismount, +as a sign that he has been defeated. + +This pastime is particularly popular in France, where fencing forms a +part of every young man's education. + + * * * * * + +We have had several inquiries about the George Junior Republic at +Freeville, and are pleased to say that the young citizens are being +received there in as large numbers as the funds will permit. + +It might interest our readers to know that any one sending $15 to Mr. +A.G. Agnew, Treasurer of the George Junior Republic, 7 Nassau Street, +New York, can give a ten-weeks' holiday to one poor little lad of the +streets. + +It is a very small amount of money to do so much good with, and it is to +be hoped that people who have $15 to spare will send it to the Junior +Republic to help the good work along. + + G.H. ROSENFELD. + + + + +INVENTION AND DISCOVERY. + + +RECORDING THERMOMETER.--This is a very interesting little machine, +especially so at this time of year when the temperature is a constant +subject for thought. + +[Illustration: Thermometer] + +It is a recording thermometer, and consists of a thermometer and a +recording disk. By means of cleverly arranged mechanism the rise and +fall of the mercury is used as the motor power, and registers the +changes in temperature on an indicator card. Other simple mechanism +works a rotary drum by which this indicator card is carried. + + +[Illustration: Pencil Sharpener] + +PENCIL SHARPENER.--This is another helpful little contrivance, a pencil +sharpener. There are already numberless things of the kind, some of +which answer for a time, some not at all, and all being made for the +purpose of sharpening the pencil to a kind of regulation point. For my +own part I have always preferred a good sharp knife, or the simple +reason that I could then make exactly the kind of point suited to the +work to be done. The purpose of the new pencil sharpener is evidently +the same. This contrivance is a small and handy block for holding the +pencil in position for the knife, and has a cutting guide which will be +a joy to people who are awkward in using the knife. + + +COLORED PHOTOGRAPHY.--The State Department has received a specimen from +Paris of Mr. Villedieu Chassaigne's work in colored photography. + +The claim made by Mr. Chassaigne is that he can photograph objects in +their exact colors. + +The coloring process is applied after the picture has been developed and +the print made. + +A colorless liquid is then applied to the print, and after that it is +washed again in blue, green, and red liquids. After each application the +print is wiped dry. The various parts of the picture choose their +original colors, and the result is an exact representation of the object +photographed. + +Several pictures have been brought over by Mr. Anthony, of New York. +Among them were several portraits in which the flesh tints and the +colors of the clothing were beautifully rendered. A view of the _Jardin +d'Acclimatation_ in Paris showed a group of storks, the red coloring of +their legs and beaks being distinctly visible. + +The liquids which produce these results are to be put on the market on +July 1st. + +It is but fair to say that there are some doubts as to the success of +this process. + +A Chassaigne photograph was sent to the State Department, which persons +who have seen it claim is a very crude affair, and cannot be pronounced +a success, as it only resembles a very poorly tinted photograph. + +These persons declare that the Chassaigne photographs are not nearly as +fine as those of Kurz, of New York. These latter are obtained by making +three negatives of a subject--one which photographs only the yellows, +one the reds, and the third the blues in a picture. + +By carefully printing the three negatives, one on the top of the other, +excellent colored pictures can be produced. + + +KITCHEN CABINET.--A new cabinet for the kitchen has been designed which +is a very handy thing for use. + +It is arranged to contain all the sugars and spices and various nice +things that are required in cooking. + +On one side is a large receptacle for coffee, with a mill fixed half-way +down, so the coffee is not only stored, but is always ready for +grinding. + +On the other side is another bin for flour, which is provided with a +sifter. + +By turning a handle the flour falls to the drawer at the bottom, sifted +and ready for use. + +There are handy drawers for sugars and tea, and at the bottom a large +place for bread. + +A clock is fixed into the top of the cabinet, and completes the very +useful little case. + + G.H.R. + + * * * * * + + * * * * * + + +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD +NATURAL HISTORY +STORIES. + +A Series of True Stories + +BY +JULIA TRUITT BISHOP. + +Attractively Illustrated by Barnes. + + * * * * * + +These stories will be issued in parts. Price, 10 cents each. Subscription +price (12 numbers), $1.00. Part 1. issued as supplement to GREAT ROUND +WORLD NO. 20. + + * * * * * + + =Author's Preface.= + + The stories published in this little volume have been issued + from time to time in the Philadelphia _Times_, and it is at the + request of many readers that they now greet the world in more + enduring form. They have been written as occasion suggested, + during several years; and they commemorate to me many of the + friends I have known and loved in the animal world. "Shep" and + "Dr. Jim," "Abdallah" and "Brownie," "Little Dryad" and + "Peek-a-Boo." I have been fast friends with every one, and have + watched them with such loving interest that I knew all their + ways and could almost read their thoughts. I send them on to + other lovers of dumb animals, hoping that the stories of these + friends of mine will carry pleasure to young and old. + + * * * * * + + =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON,= + =3 & 5 West 18th Street.= + + * * * * * + + =KLEMMS'= +=RELIEF PRACTICE MAPS.= + + * * * * * + +=LIST OF MAPS.= + + Small size, 9-1/2 x 11 { Plain, 5 cents each. + { With Waterproofed surface 10 " " + + Europe, Asia, Africa; North America, South America, East Central + States, New England, Middle Atlantic States, South Atlantic + States, Palestine, Australia. + + + Large size, 10 x 15 { Plain, 10 cents each. + { With Waterproofed Surface, 15 " " + + United States, British Isles, Roman Empire, Western Europe, + North America, South America, Asia. + + (POSTAGE ON SINGLE MAPS, 5 CENTS.) + + * * * * * + +"I would advise =Sunday-school teachers= to use, in connection with the +lessons of 1897, =Klemm's Relief Map of the Roman Empire=. Every scholar +who can draw should have a copy of it. Being blank, it can be beautifully +colored: waters, blue; mountains, brown; valleys, green; deserts, yellow; +cities marked with pin-holes; and the journeys of Paul can be traced upon +it."--MRS. WILBUR F. CRAFTS, _President International Union of +Primary Sabbath-School Teachers of the United States_. + + * * * * * + +=DESCRIPTION OF THE MAPS.= + +These maps are made in two forms, both with beautifully executed relief +(embossed)--the cheaper ones of plain stiff paper similar to drawing paper +(these are to be substituted for and used as outline map blanks), the +others covered with a durable waterproof surface, that can be quickly +cleaned with a damp sponge, adapted to receive a succession of markings +and cleansings. Oceans, lakes, and rivers, as well as land, appear in the +same color, white, so as to facilitate the use of the map as a +=_geographical slate_=. + + * * * * * + + =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON + _3 & 5 W. 18th St. ˇˇˇ New York City_= + + + * * * * * + + + + + =How the United States Has Grown= + + * * * * * + +Several years ago a modest little volume called "The Evolution of an +Empire" set forth, with a lucidity that was as remarkable as its +brevity, the beginnings and growth of Germany; its author, Mary Platt +Parmele, has since followed the same methods in treating France and +England, and now brings out a fourth volume in the noteworthy series, a +somewhat larger book, called in full, "The Evolution of an Empire: A +Brief Historical Sketch of the United States," published, as were the +others, by William Beverley Harison (New York). In an interesting +preface Mrs. Parmele boldly explains her chief intention, which is to +disclose, in so vivid a light that he who runs may read, the fundamental +causes and their resulting events which have formed and are still +shaping our life. She places the study of history upon a moral basis, as +it shows "the great lines of tendency which make for righteousness and +justice and human freedom." "To comprehend is higher than to remember," +is her text, and she adds some valuable advice to the teacher of +children: "With the growing complexity of life and events it is becoming +an impossible task for the memory to carry the increasing burden of +details; and even if it succeeds in performing this feat, it is at the +expense of a clear and intelligent comprehension of the meaning of the +whole. We may succeed in reducing the mental structure to a mere +storehouse. But if in achieving this the mind has lost the power to +grasp, and to combine, its acquisitions have been dearly purchased." + +Mindful of Huxley's definition of culture, that it "must consist of +criticism and comparison," Mrs. Parmele sweeps away all secondary +details, all the less important incidents, and proceeds to her narrative +of Columbus's discovery, the colonial period, the founding of our +Republic, and its subsequent life down to the present year, with the +simple directness of a dramatist; there is no halting in her impetuous +relation; it is infused throughout with the same degree of philosophical +ardor, and one follows as one does a wonder tale the rapid sequence of +events, tracing with an awakened interest the national issues, which, +presented in this new, concise, imaginative way, take on a fresh, an +enchanting charm. Nothing could be clearer to the mind of a child eager +to know the reason of things, nor to that of a grown person, fatigued by +the jostling memories of both important and useless events, than this +return to the fundamental, the philosophical, the moral causes which +underlie the life of the Republic. The tortuous channels by which the +currents bore us into the war of 1812 are described with such surprising +simplicity that one almost fails to realize how admirable a piece of +condensation the single chapter is; and the annexation of Texas is told +with equal precision. The earliest traces of our present policies, such +as the Monroe Doctrine, the protective tariff and free-silver issues, +are explained so clearly and impartially that the author's brevity helps +rather than mars the effect upon the mind. + +"The history of America should be an inspiration, not a task. It ought +to be known in its grand, simple lines by every child in the nation. Let +it be so acquired first in its utmost brevity, then enlarged, and +enlarged, and again, gradually approaching to a nearer view of the +multiplicity of detail. Pleased at finding new truths which fit +precisely into those already familiar, there will be no difficulty in +keeping alive the interest, nor in remembering. It will be grafting on +to the living, not on to the dead." This is good advice, and Mrs. +Parmele proves it may make good reading as well.--_Republican_, +Springfield, Mass. + + * * * * * + + A Good Agent + Wanted + In Every Town + for + "The Great Round World" + + * * * * * + +[Illustration: + WOODEN PUTTER + BRASSIE SPOON + BRASSIE NIBLICK + DRIVER + CLEEK + IRON + LOFTING IRON + MASHIE + NIBLICK + IRON PUTTER] + + =To any one sending us 2 new subscribers= + + we will send, express paid, any one of the golf sticks shown in + cut... + +=These are the most approved shapes and styles and are made in the best +possible manner= + + * * * * * + + =2= special golf balls may be had for + ... =1= new subscription + + * * * * * + + =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD= + =3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY= + + * * * * * + + +=PREMIUM LIST= + + In connection with our offer of any BICYCLE you wish for 100 new + subscriptions, we have prepared a + +=Premium Catalogue= + + This contains a list of selected articles which will be given to + those who may obtain a smaller number of subscriptions + + * * * * * + +Those who fail to secure the necessary number for the bicycle may make +selection from this catalogue. + + + * * * * * + + =Copy mailed on receipt of 5c.= + + * * * * * + + =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD= + =3 & 5 West 18th St, New York City= + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 36, July 15, 1897, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD *** + +***** This file should be named 15789-8.txt or 15789-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/7/8/15789/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 36, July 15, 1897 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop + +Release Date: May 7, 2005 [EBook #15789] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + +<div class="figcenter"><a href="./images/cover.png"><img src="./images/cover-tb.png" alt="Cover Illustration, Globe" title="Cover Illustration, Globe" /></a></div> +<div class='center'><b>Copyright, 1897, by <span class='smcap'>William Beverley Harison</span></b></div> +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<div class="figcenter"><a href="./images/books.png"><img src="./images/books-tb.png" alt="Books" title="Books" /></a></div> + + +<h3>To any subscriber securing for us</h3> +<h2>··· ··· 1 NEW SUBSCRIPTION</h2> + +<div class='blockquot'><i>we will send post-paid any one of the following books. Printed on extra +laid paper, bound in red buckram, gilt top.</i></div> + + +<ul><li> Andersen's Fairy Tales. By Hans Andersen.</li> +<li> Allan Quatermain. By H. Rider Haggard.</li> +<li> Auld Lang Syne. By W. Clark Russell.</li> +<li> Adam Bede. By George Eliot.</li> +<li> Abbé Constantin. By Ludovic Halévy.</li> +<li> Ardath. By Marie Corelli.</li> +<li> Big Bow Mystery. By I. Zangwill.</li> +<li> Bondman. By Hall Caine.</li> +<li> Beyond the City. By A. Conan Doyle.</li> +<li> Black Beauty. By Anna Sewell.</li> +<li> Beatrice. By H. Rider Haggard.</li> +<li> Baron Munchausen. By Rudolph Raspe.</li> +<li> Bryant's Poems. By William Cullen Bryant.</li> +<li> Chouans. By Honoré de Balzac.</li> +<li> Cloister Wendhusen. By W. Heimburg.</li> +<li> Country Sweetheart. By Dora Russell.</li> +<li> Change of Air. By Anthony Hope.</li> +<li> Cowper's Poems. By William Cowper.</li> +<li> Cleopatra. By H. Rider Haggard.</li> +<li> Deerslayer. By J. Fenimore Cooper.</li> +<li> Desperate Remedies. By Thomas Hardy.</li> +<li> Danira. By E. Werner.</li> +<li> Duchess. By The Duchess.</li> +<li> Dorothy's Double. By G.A. Henty.</li> +<li> Diana of the Crossways. By George Meredith.</li> +<li> Doctor Rameau. By Georges Ohnet.</li> +<li> David Copperfield. By Charles Dickens.</li> +<li> Dombey & Son. By Charles Dickens.</li> +<li> Elsie. By W. Heimburg.</li> +<li> Evolution of Dodd. By William Hawley Smith.</li> +<li> Fromont Jr. and Risler Sr. By Alphonse Daudet.</li> +<li> Flower of France. By Marah Ellis Ryan.</li> +<li> Great Keinplatz Experiment. By A. Conan Doyle.</li> +<li> Gladiators. By C.J. Whyte-Melville.</li> +<li> Grimm's Fairy Tales.</li> +<li> House of the Wolf. By Stanley Weyman.</li> +<li> Harlequin Opal. By Fergus Hume.</li> +<li> Hortense. By W. Heimburg.</li> +<li> Heir of Redcliffe. By Charlotte M. Yonge.</li> +<li> Han of Iceland. By Victor Hugo.</li> +<li> Ironmaster. By Georges Ohnet.</li> +<li> In All Shades. By Grant Allen.</li> +<li> Jane Eyre. By Charlotte Brontë.</li> +<li> Kings in Exile. By Alphonse Daudet.</li> +<li> Kidnapped. By Robert Louis Stevenson.</li> +<li> Little Rebel. By The Duchess.</li> +<li> Last of the Mohicans. By J. Fenimore Cooper.</li> +<li> Light that Failed. By Rudyard Kipling.</li> +<li> Light of Asia. By Sir Edwin Arnold.</li> +</ul> + +<div class='center'> +<span class="smcap"><b>The Great Round World</b></span><br /> +<span class="smcap"><b>3 and 5 West 18th St.</b></span> <b>NEW YORK CITY</b><br /> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>The Second Bound Volume</h2> + +<h4>OF</h4> + +<h3>THE GREAT ROUND WORLD</h3> + +<h4>(Containing Nos. 16 to 30)</h4> + +<h3><span class="u">IS NOW READY</span></h3> + + +<div class="blockquot">Handsomely bound in strong cloth, with title on side and back. Price, +postage paid, $1.25. Subscribers may exchange their numbers by sending +them to us (express paid) with 35 cents to cover cost of binding, and 10 +cents for return carriage.</div> + + +<p><span style="margin-left: 7em;">Address</span></p> + +<div class='center'><i>3 and 5 West 18th Street,· · · · · New York City</i><br /><br /><br /></div> + + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<h2><span class='smcap'>Librarians</span></h2> + +<div class="blockquot">will please note that the subscription price of <span class='smcap'>The Great Round +World</span>—to libraries—is $1.75 per year.</div> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> +<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/bookcover.png" alt="Do you Cover your Books?" title="Do you Cover your Books?" /></p> + + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 22em;">THE "ONE PIECE"</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 22em;">ADJUSTABLE BOOK COVERS</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>are made of the strongest and best book-cover paper obtainable. This paper +is made in large quantities especially for these book covers and will +protect books perfectly. The book covers themselves are a marvel of +ingenuity, and, although they are in one piece and can be adjusted to fit +perfectly any sized book without cutting the paper, they are also so +simple that any boy or girl can use them; as they are already gummed they +are always ready for use.</p> + +<p>A sample dozen will be mailed to any address for 20 cents (or ten two-cent +stamps) if you write</p> + +<div class='center'> +<b>WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON</b><br /> +<b>3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City</b> +</div> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> +<h4>ILLINOIS STATE NORMAL UNIVERSITY.</h4> + +<p><span style="margin-left: 18em;">NORMAL, ILL. June 16, 1897.</span></p> + +<div class='blockquot'>To whom it may concern:— + +<p>I have examined the publication "The Great Round World". It seems to me +to be admirable in its design and also in its execution. It abandons the +formal style of the newspaper in the narration of events, substituting +instead a style that is at once conversational and free. I commend it to +the consideration of school men.</p></div> + +<div class="figright"><img src="./images/signature.png" alt="John W. Cook" title="John W. Cook" /></div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>"The Great Round World" PRIZE CONTEST</h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span> is now over six months old, and it feels +some anxiety to know just how much interest its readers have taken in +the news and how much information they have gained from its pages. To +ascertain this, it has been decided to offer ten prizes for the best +answers to the following:</p> + +<div class='center'><span class='u'><b>Name ten of the most important events that have been mentioned in "The +Great Round World" in the first 30 numbers, that is, up to number of +June 3d.</b></span></div> + +<div class='center'><i>In mentioning these events give briefly reasons for considering them +important.</i></div> + +<p>This competition will be open to subscribers only, and any one desiring +to enter the competition must send to this office their name and the +date of their subscription; a number will then be given them.</p> + +<p>All new subscribers will be furnished with a card entitling them to +enter the competition.</p> + +<p>In making the selection of important events, remember that wars and +political events are not necessarily the most important. If, for +instance, the air-ship had turned out to be a genuine and successful +thing, it would have been most important as affecting the history of the +world. Or if by chance the telephone or telegraph had been invented in +this period, these inventions would have been <i>important</i> events.</p> + +<p>Prizes will be awarded to those who make the best selection and who +mention the events in the best order of their importance. Answers may be +sent in any time before September 1st.</p> + +<p>The Great Round World does not want you to hurry over this contest, but +to take plenty of time and do the work carefully. It will be a pleasant +occupation for the summer months.</p> + +<p>We would advise you to take the magazines starting at No. 1, look them +over carefully, keep a note-book at your side, and jot down in it the +events that seem to you important; when you have finished them all, No. +1 to 30, look over your notes and select the ten events that seem to you +to be the most important, stating after each event your reason for +thinking it important.</p> + +<p>For instance: suppose you decide that the death of Dr. Ruiz was one of +these important events, you might say, "The killing of Dr. Ruiz in the +prison of Guanabacoa—because it brought the cruelties practised on +American citizens to the attention of our Government," etc., etc.</p> + +<p>In sending your answers put your number and the date only on them, for +the judges are not to know names and addresses of the contestants, that +there may be no favoritism shown.</p> + +<p>It is important to put date on, for if two or more are found of similar +standing, the one first received will be given preference.</p> + +<p>Address all letters to REVIEW PRIZE CONTEST DEPARTMENT, +<span class="smcap">Great Round World</span>, 3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City.</p> + +<div class='center'><i>Write answer on one side of the paper only</i></div> + +<div class='center'><b>Prizes will be selections from the premium catalogue</b></div> + + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Prizes"> +<tr><td align='left'>No. 1.</td> +<td align='left'>Premiums</td> +<td align='left'> as</td> +<td align='left'> given</td> +<td align='left'> for</td> +<td align='left'> 15</td> +<td align='left'> Subscriptions</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>No. 2.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='right'>12</td> +<td align='center'>"</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>No. 3.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='right'>10</td> +<td align='center'>"</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>No. 4.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='right'>9</td> +<td align='center'>"</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>No. 5.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='right'>8</td> +<td align='center'>"</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>No. 6.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='right'>7</td> +<td align='center'>"</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>No. 7.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='right'>5</td> +<td align='center'>"</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>No. 8.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='right'>5</td> +<td align='center'>"</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>No. 9.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='right'>5</td> +<td align='center'>"</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>No. 10.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='right'>5</td> +<td align='center'>"</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p><a name="Page_1021" id="Page_1021"></a></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/title.png" alt="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" title="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" /></p> + +<div class='center'><b><span class='smcap'>Vol.</span> 1 <span class='smcap'>July</span> 15, 1897. <span class='smcap'>No.</span> 36</b></div> + + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p>It is reported from Thessaly that the Turks are ruining the country.</p> + +<p>The correspondent who sent the news, having managed to escape the notice +of the Turkish officials, claims to have made a personal examination of +the state of affairs in the city of Larissa.</p> + +<p>He found that all the houses, except those inhabited by Mohammedans, had +been stripped of their contents, and he was informed on the best +authority that many car-loads of plunder had been sent by the soldiers +to the Turkish town of Elassonna.</p> + +<p>In Turnavo, another city of Thessaly, the same condition of affairs +exists as in Larissa. Here, however, the inhabitants had some warning of +the coming of the Turks, and had time to remove many of their valuables +before the enemy arrived.</p> + +<p>The condition of Thessaly is desperate. The harvests are rotting in the +fields. The peasants dare not attempt to gather them in, for fear of the +Turkish soldiers, who, under pretence of seeking for arms, beat <a name="Page_1022" id="Page_1022"></a>them +unmercifully until they hand over what money or valuables they have.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>The governorship of Crete has been offered to Monsieur Droz, the +ex-president of Switzerland.</p> + +<p>It is said that he has accepted on condition that he is first to be +given an opportunity of seeing how he can get along with the Cretans.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>The latest report from Cuba is that General Gomez has been wounded, and +some say killed.</p> + +<p>There was a fight in the province of Puerto Principe, and during the +action General Gomez's horse was killed under him and the old soldier +wounded.</p> + +<p>The whole story comes from the Spanish side, and so the Cubans, before +being disturbed by the news, are waiting for it to be confirmed.</p> + +<p>The insurgents have been very active during the last few days.</p> + +<p>It is reported that they have had the good fortune to intercept a couple +of valuable Spanish expeditions, securing in one a prize of $200,000, +and in the other $3,000 in cash, $1,700 worth of medicines and two carts +laden with provisions.</p> + +<p>We are, however, sorry to tell you that the Cubans are beginning to +adopt the same cruel methods toward the Spaniards that the Spaniards +have been using against them.</p> + +<p>A coach full of travellers was journeying with the expedition that +carried the medicines and provisions. The Cubans outnumbered the party, +and took them all prisoners. A woman and a little child who were of the +party were treated kindly and set at liberty, but <a name="Page_1023" id="Page_1023"></a>every Spanish soldier +and every man with the expedition was put to death.</p> + +<p>If the Cubans continue to practise these cruelties they will lose the +strong sympathy which their bravery has so far gained for them.</p> + +<p>Many Spanish soldiers are still deserting to the Cuban lines. The +deserters say that life is unbearable in the Spanish army. The soldiers +are roughly treated, have scarcely anything to eat, and receive their +pay in worthless paper money.</p> + +<p>One entire battalion mutinied a short while ago, and refused to accept +this paper money. The colonel had to give the soldiers his solemn +promise that their pay should be given them half in gold and half in +silver before they would consent to return to duty.</p> + +<p>It is stated that the sum of $50,000,000 is needed for the payment of +the soldiers, and that there is little hope of getting it from Spain, +because the Rothschilds will not lend the Government any more money +unless Spain sacrifices the income of the famous Almaden quicksilver +mines for twenty years.</p> + +<p>The Rothschilds are the greatest and richest bankers in the world.</p> + +<p>This firm has branch houses in all the great capitals in Europe, and has +probably lent money to every government on the continent.</p> + +<p>If a war is contemplated, and a nation needs a large sum of ready money +to make preparations, it is to the Rothschilds that its government +generally turns.</p> + +<p>When good security is offered there is never any trouble in getting +money from them, but if the security is not of the best they never find +themselves in a position to lend the money.</p><p><a name="Page_1024" id="Page_1024"></a></p> + +<p>In 1870, Spain, needing money, applied to the Rothschilds and obtained +what she needed because she offered as security for the repayment of the +loan a lease of the Almaden mines for a term of thirty years.</p> + +<p>These mines are said to be the greatest quicksilver mines in the world, +and yield an immense profit.</p> + +<p>The Rothschilds worked the mines and realized their profits, the Spanish +Government receiving a royalty of so much money for each flask of +quicksilver sold.</p> + +<p>This royalty, in the twenty-six years the bankers have been working the +mines, has amounted to thirty-six millions of dollars.</p> + +<p>The contract with the Spanish Government expires in 1900, and so when +Spain needed money for the Cuban war and applied to the Rothschilds for +it, the bankers were very willing to lend it, asking in return that +their lease of the mines be extended for another term of twenty years.</p> + +<p>This, Spain was unwilling to do.</p> + +<p>She had been informed by her engineers that if she could get the control +of the mines into her own hands, she could realize a yearly income from +them of $6,000,000.</p> + +<p>The Government therefore decided that the lease could not be granted, +and the Rothschilds on their part said that they could not accommodate +Spain with the required money, and so the last loan for the Cuban war +had to be obtained from other sources.</p> + +<p>Spain is again in need of money. If she decides to grant a new lease of +the mines she can obtain it readily.</p> + +<p>If she does not make this arrangement, it is said <a name="Page_1025" id="Page_1025"></a>that she will be +obliged to come to terms with Cuba for lack of funds to fight her.</p> + +<p>A plan to raise money for Cuba has been started in this country.</p> + +<p>A silver coin has been struck off, which is to be sold in the United +States, and the proceeds used to buy arms for Cuba.</p> + +<p>The coin is about the size of a silver dollar, one side bearing the head +of the Goddess of Liberty, and the reverse the arms of Cuba. Its price +will be one dollar.</p> + +<p>Ten thousand of these coins are to be ready during the first week in +July, and the Cubans have made arrangements for a further three millions +to be coined if they are required.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>The fate of Gen. Rius Rivera is not absolutely decided.</p> + +<p>He was tried by court-martial in the Cabanas fortress and was condemned +to be shot.</p> + +<p>A cablegram was received by General Weyler from Madrid, ordering him to +delay the execution on account of the feeling in the United States.</p> + +<p>General Weyler is said to have cabled back that the United States should +not interfere with prisoners who are not Americans, and to have +requested that he be allowed to carry out the sentence of the court, +because the punishing of General Rivera would have a very desirable +effect on the insurgents.</p> + +<p>A Cabinet council has been called in Madrid, and the question is being +carefully discussed. The decision is anxiously awaited.</p> + +<p>A letter has been received from General Lee saying <a name="Page_1026" id="Page_1026"></a>that food purchased +with the Relief Fund is being distributed to the needy Americans.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>The <i>Dauntless</i> is certainly a very lucky little vessel.</p> + +<p>We told you last week how she had been captured by the cutter <i>McLean</i>, +in consequence of an accident to her machinery.</p> + +<p>The crew of the <i>Dauntless</i> were of course arrested with her, and were +brought to Key West for trial.</p> + +<p>To everybody's surprise they have been discharged on the ground that +there was no evidence to prove they were engaged in fitting out a +filibustering expedition.</p> + +<p>The Madrid newspapers are saying very bitter things about the United +States for not punishing the persons connected with these affairs. They +declare that we make a pretence of taking them prisoners to satisfy +Spain, and then set them at liberty to please ourselves.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>It would seem that the reports from the Philippine Islands are as +unreliable as those from Cuba.</p> + +<p>It was only last week that we heard that the rebellion was on a stronger +footing than ever, and that there was little chance that it would soon +be put down.</p> + +<p>This week a steamer from Japan brings the news that the Governor-General +of the Philippines has issued a proclamation that the rebellion is at an +end, and announcing that Spanish rule had been re-established.</p> + +<p>It will be interesting to know whether this is really true or merely a +statement of the same kind as those General Weyler has been making for +so many months.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /><p><a name="Page_1027" id="Page_1027"></a></p> + +<p>A curious experiment is being tried in Tennessee.</p> + +<p>A co-operative town has been established by a few workingmen, and from +all accounts it seems to be a great success.</p> + +<p>The town is called Ruskin, and at the present time has seventy families +in it.</p> + +<p>In this town all men are considered equal, every man, and woman too, +receiving the same amount of wage for his labor, whether it be skilled +or unskilled. The school teacher receives the same pay as the day +laborer; all stand on an equal footing.</p> + +<p>When a man wishes to go and live in Ruskin, he has first to ask for +permission to settle there. The Ruskinites own their town, and are +careful not to allow any people to settle in it who are not likely to be +agreeable to them.</p> + +<p>To every person who wishes to join them they send a list of questions, +asking the would-be settler what his ideas are on certain points.</p> + +<p>If the answers are unsatisfactory, the applicant is told that there is +no room for him in Ruskin.</p> + +<p>If, however, his ideas agree with those of the rest of the community, +his name is put up for membership, and he is elected by ballot, as he +would be to a club.</p> + +<p>When elected, the new member is obliged to pay an initiation fee of $500 +toward the general funds of the town, and he and his family are then +welcome to join the settlement as soon as they see fit.</p> + +<p>When they arrive they are given a house and lot rent free. There are no +taxes to pay in Ruskin; everything is free but furniture and food. +Schools and school-books, doctors, medicines, all are free; the <a name="Page_1028" id="Page_1028"></a>family +washing is even undertaken by the community free of charge.</p> + +<p>In return for these advantages the family is required to work.</p> + +<p>The father must be willing to do any task that is assigned to him, +without complaint. It does not matter if he has never handled a spade in +his life, he must dig if required to, and dig to the best of his +ability.</p> + +<p>The payment in Ruskin is not in dollars and cents, but hours' labor, +notes of one, five, and ten hours' value being printed, and passing for +currency in the town.</p> + +<p>The community allows each man the value of fifty hours' labor a week, +his wife the same amount, and his children twenty hours each.</p> + +<p>The husband is required to work the full time for the community; the +wife is allowed four hours of the day to work for her home, and need +only give five hours to the general good. The four hours that she spends +in her housework are, however, credited to her as hours of labor, +because she is benefiting the community by keeping an orderly home.</p> + +<p>In the same way the twenty hours' weekly labor for which the children +are paid are the hours they spend in school. By going to school and +learning they, too, are benefiting the community, so that their labor is +also for the general good.</p> + +<p>When school is over, children who wish to do so can wait on table in the +community dining-hall, and then they earn more time-checks.</p> + +<p>These checks can be exchanged at the general store for goods, the prices +of articles not being reckoned at so many cents but at so many hours of +labor.</p><p><a name="Page_1029" id="Page_1029"></a></p> + +<p>The Ruskin people seem to be hopeful that they have solved the problem +of living.</p> + +<p>A similar experiment is to be tried under the management of Eugene Debs. +He is the man who led the strikers in Chicago, got into trouble with the +authorities, and was finally sent to prison.</p> + +<p>Debs proposes to start a co-operative town in the West, taking one +hundred thousand men and women along with him to settle it.</p> + +<p>He is going to build factories and start all kinds of industries, which +are to belong to all the people in common, the profits and the losses to +be shared by all the citizens alike.</p> + +<p>Peace and prosperity are promised to all who will enter this ideal town. +It will be interesting to watch the experiment and see just what results +can be achieved.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Foreign governments are beginning to be heard from on the subject of the +annexation of Hawaii.</p> + +<p>A member of the English House of Commons has asked the Government +whether it intends to allow this very important coaling-station to pass +out of its reach without protest.</p> + +<p>The Secretary of the Foreign Office replied that no decision had as yet +been reached by the United States, and therefore the Government did not +see that any action was necessary at present.</p> + +<p>The Secretary went on to state that the English ministers would be +careful that none of the rights of British subjects were interfered +with.</p> + +<p>Russia, on her part, has stated that she thinks that the annexation of +Hawaii may be followed by the <a name="Page_1030" id="Page_1030"></a>seizure of Cuba, and considers it a step +very dangerous to Europe. She will not, however, join with Japan in her +protest.</p> + +<p>A report was circulated that Spain and Japan were forming an alliance to +resist the annexation of the Sandwich Islands, but this report has been +denied.</p> + +<p>The German Emperor is said to have declared that he fears the +interference of the United States with European affairs if she is +allowed to extend her territory in this way.</p> + +<p>With all these more or less unfriendly comments there has been but the +one serious objection to the project, and that has come from Japan.</p> + +<p>The State Department has replied to the protest from the Japanese +minister. The Department refuses to allow the claim that the treaty +between Japan and Hawaii was a perpetual treaty. The refusal was based +on the grounds that we gave you last week.</p> + +<p>The Japanese protest also declares that there are twenty-five thousand +of her people resident in the Sandwich Islands who have earned the right +to become citizens, and our Government is asked what it proposes to do +about these people in case the treaty is ratified.</p> + +<p>In replying to this point the State Department refused to give any +definite answer, saying that it was a matter to be settled by Congress +or the courts.</p> + +<p>This reply was sent to the Japanese minister, who immediately cabled it +to his Government.</p> + +<p>The next step in this matter must be taken by Japan, and there is a good +deal of anxiety as to what it will be.</p> + +<p>The arrival of the steamer from Honolulu was <a name="Page_1031" id="Page_1031"></a>eagerly watched for, as it +was thought that the news from Hawaii might give some idea of the temper +of the Japanese.</p> + +<p>Every one was therefore very delighted to learn that the Japanese had +taken no aggressive steps.</p> + +<p>The steamer brought news of a slight alarm in Honolulu, but it had +amounted to nothing.</p> + +<p>A report had been spread that the Japanese warship <i>Naniwa</i> was about to +land her marines and take possession of the Hawaiian Government +buildings and custom-house.</p> + +<p>The news soon reached Admiral Beardslee, who is in command of the +cruiser <i>Philadelphia</i>.</p> + +<p>Since the <i>Philadelphia</i> has been in port the Admiral has held weekly +drills of the crews of his own ship, and also of the <i>Marion</i>, which has +long been on the Hawaiian station.</p> + +<p>At the time the news reached him, the crews were ashore drilling.</p> + +<p>The Admiral sent an order for them to hurry back to their ships and be +in readiness to prevent any such action on the part of the Japanese.</p> + +<p>When the Japanese minister heard of the matter, he made light of it, and +declared that there had never been any idea of landing marines from the +Japanese warship.</p> + +<p>The people of Honolulu say that the report was true nevertheless, and +that the prompt action of Admiral Beardslee prevented it from being +carried out.</p> + +<p>It seems that the Japanese minister in Hawaii is maintaining that he has +not yet received any reply to his letter to the Hawaiian Government.</p> + +<p>He absolutely declines to regard Mr. Cooper's letter, which <a name="Page_1032" id="Page_1032"></a>was +published in the papers before it reached him, as a reply to his +official communication.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Prince Henry of Orleans has arrived safely at the court of Menelik of +Abyssinia, and has been received by him.</p> + +<p>Menelik is described by Prince Henry as an intelligent, good-humored +man, of about forty years of age. His skin is dark, but not nearly so +black as has been stated.</p> + +<p>The Prince found him an agreeable person, much interested in foreign +affairs, and he asked so many intelligent questions about the government +of foreign countries that his visitor was astonished. This savage +monarch knew all about the struggle between Japan and China, and +realized the immense progress the Japanese had made since the war.</p> + +<p>Menelik questioned the Prince about the French President, and seemed +fully acquainted with everything concerning him. He had also heard of +the Prince's voyages, and was extremely interested in his Chinese trip, +asking many questions about the way the people lived in China, their +manufactures and their food.</p> + +<p>This information is particularly interesting when we realize that +Menelik is the king of a savage nation. There are no schools or books in +his country, no manufactories or railroads,—indeed, little civilization +of any kind.</p> + +<p>In the heart of the wilderness this man has made himself familiar with +the doings of the outer world, and has made his power felt among the +great nations.</p> + +<p>The friendship of this savage is necessary to the <a name="Page_1033" id="Page_1033"></a>great Powers of +Europe, and he is well aware of this fact, and is striving to make his +knowledge of practical value for the advancement of his people.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a href="./images/19.png"><img src="./images/19-tb.png" alt="Menelik of Abyssinia" title="Mennelik of Abyssinia" /></a></div> + +<p>It is toward Africa that the Powers of Europe are turning their +attention at the present day. England, France, Germany, and Italy are +all seeking to plant colonies there, and gather its riches for +themselves.</p> + +<p>For years the various countries have had their way <a name="Page_1034" id="Page_1034"></a>in Africa and have +pursued their conquests practically unchecked.</p> + +<p>The few savage tribes that have resisted have been mastered with more or +less difficulty, and the country has been settled by the conquerors.</p> + +<p>No nation had been met with that was strong enough to check the onward +march of Europe, until Menelik, Negus of Abyssinia, defeated the +Italians at the battle of Adowa, and showed Europe that he, at least, +intended to bring the conquerors to terms.</p> + +<p>Since this battle all the nations interested in Africa have been seeking +the friendship of this swarthy monarch.</p> + +<p>England finds it necessary to make a friend of him, lest in her wars +with the Mahdi's followers, in the Soudan, she have Menelik also against +her.</p> + +<p>France and Italy both need the alliance of this powerful king, else they +will not be able to maintain the colonies they have already established.</p> + +<p>Most of the African rulers have been won over with presents of beads and +gaudy ornaments, but Menelik belongs to a different class. He has +studied and tried to fathom the intricacies of European government, and +if he gives his friendship to the nations that are suing for it, it will +be in exchange for benefits much more substantial than the Europeans +have been accustomed to give.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Steady progress has been made with the Tariff Bill, and it is expected +that it will be passed within a very few days.</p> + +<p>An attempt has been made to put a provision against Trusts in the bill.</p><p><a name="Page_1035" id="Page_1035"></a></p> + +<p>The proposed clause would make it unlawful for people to combine +together to restrain free competition or to increase the market price of +materials. All materials unfairly increased in price are to be forfeited +to the United States, and it is to be the duty of the Attorney-General +to enforce all laws against Trusts, and to do all in his power to +suppress them.</p> + +<p>It is thought that it will be difficult to add this clause to the bill, +but every effort will be made to accomplish it.</p> + +<p>Mr. Sherman expressed himself very strongly on the subject of Trusts the +other day.</p> + +<p>He said that in his belief the question of Trusts was the most important +one before the nation to-day.</p> + +<p>He said that the Trust Law was not strong enough in its present form, +and that he was in favor of making all combinations that restrained +trade unlawful.</p> + +<p>He declared that even if the effect of Trusts was to lower prices, he +considered them injurious to the public good, because they prevented +competition and drove the smaller men out of business.</p> + +<p>The Tobacco Trust trial has resulted in a disagreement of the jury.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>A wonderful diving-bell is being tried in the Great Lakes.</p> + +<p>We described the method of using diving-bells in a previous number, but +this new invention is built on an entirely different plan, and can +accomplish results never before dreamed of.</p> + +<p>The kind formerly made could not withstand the pressure of the water at +any very great depth. No <a name="Page_1036" id="Page_1036"></a>machine had been invented capable of bearing +this strain until the new Smith bell was tried.</p> + +<p>This bell has worked successfully in two hundred feet of water, and it +is claimed can withstand the pressure at a much greater depth.</p> + +<p>The most remarkable thing about the bell is that it can move about under +the water, instead of merely being let down to remain in one place like +an ordinary diving-bell.</p> + +<p>Attached to its cage are four long arms, which can be moved about at +will by the persons in the bell.</p> + +<p>With the aid of these arms the huge machine can move from place to place +like a great spider.</p> + +<p>The arms can also be drawn together like pincers, and made to grip +objects and carry them up to the surface.</p> + +<p>The interior of the bell is lighted by electricity. Outside it carries a +large headlight, which enables those in the bell to see around them for +a distance of a hundred feet.</p> + +<p>Experiments have been made in the Great Lakes with this bell, and its +first practical work has been to locate the exact position of the +steamer <i>Pewabic</i>, which was wrecked in Lake Michigan thirty-two years +ago.</p> + +<p>Many attempts have been made to find this steamer because she was laden +with a cargo of copper ingots, and had besides a large sum of money on +board, the two together amounting to about $140,000.</p> + +<p>All attempts had, however, been unsuccessful until the Smith bell was +used. The steamer was found lying in one hundred and sixty feet of +water.</p> + +<p>To prove the truth of the find, portions of the wreck were brought to +the surface.</p><p><a name="Page_1037" id="Page_1037"></a></p> + +<p>The success in Lake Michigan has determined the owner of the diving-bell +to try and raise the North German Lloyd steamer <i>Elbe</i>, which was +wrecked off the coast of England in 1895.</p> + +<p>The owners of the <i>Elbe</i> have already spent about fifty thousand dollars +in efforts to recover their vessel.</p> + +<p>The position of the ship was located by divers, who, at a depth of one +hundred and seventy-one feet, found the upper works of the steamer. +These men, however, declare that it is utterly impossible to raise the +ship.</p> + +<p>The <i>Elbe</i> had a valuable cargo and a large amount of gold on board. The +owners of the diving-bell are determined to make the effort to raise her +and secure for themselves the immense reward offered.</p> + +<p>They intend to remove the cargo first and then raise the hull, if it is +possible to do so.</p> + +<p>They are very hopeful of success, and say that the task does not appear +to them any more difficult than the raising of the cargo of the +<i>Pewabic</i> which latter task they are sure of accomplishing.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>On the 24th of June there was a celebration in Halifax, Nova Scotia, of +the four hundredth anniversary of the discovery of the mainland of +America.</p> + +<p>A tablet was placed in the Parliament building in honor of John Cabot, +who four hundred years ago sailed from Bristol, England, and finally +reached the shores of Newfoundland.</p> + +<p>An endeavor was made to make the celebration a general one throughout +Canada and the United States, but this was found to be impracticable. +Cabot's voyage <a name="Page_1038" id="Page_1038"></a>could not be made of the same importance as that of +Columbus.</p> + +<p>The foundation-stone of a monument to Cabot was laid in his native town +of Bristol on the same day that the celebration took place in Halifax.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Lieutenant Peary has started on another Polar expedition, and feels +hopeful that this time he will be able to reach the Pole.</p> + +<p>His plans for his trip are much the same as those of Dr. Nansen; that is +to say, he will establish little colonies of Eskimos at certain +distances along his route, leaving supplies with each colony, which he +can fall back on in case of need.</p> + +<p>He intends to keep up a constant communication with these settlements by +means of dogs and sledges, so that he will not be entirely cut off from +the world as previous explorers have been.</p> + +<p>Lieutenant Peary has obtained five years' leave of absence from the Navy +Department. He will therefore have plenty of time for his experiment. He +says that if he fails the first time he will keep on trying until he +succeeds in reaching the Pole.</p> + +<p>There is a story that one of the men who expect to go north with +Lieutenant Peary has a scheme for reaching the Pole on a bicycle.</p> + +<p>This seems to be the strangest use thus far suggested for the bicycle.</p> + +<p>Mr. Lee, who is the inventor of this novel plan, was with Lieutenant +Peary on his last trip.</p> + +<p>He says that there are miles and miles of smooth surface in the Polar +regions that could easily be covered on a wheel.</p><p><a name="Page_1039" id="Page_1039"></a></p> + +<p>According to his statement the water freezes smoothly, and the salt +crystals that form on the top of the ice make the surface like a +gravelled path, and there is consequently no danger that the wheel would +slip.</p> + +<p>He says that where the snow covers the ice it is pounded so hard by the +winds that the crust is quite solid enough to bear the weight of a man.</p> + +<p>In his opinion a wheelman would find no difficulty in travelling over +it.</p> + +<p>He thinks wheeling to the Pole is the simplest and most practical plan +that has yet been proposed.</p> + +<p>If he goes with Lieutenant Peary, Mr. Lee declares that he will take his +wheel along with him and make the experiment. He thinks that a man could +wheel to the Pole and back from the north of Greenland in one week.</p> + +<p>The great difficulty in the way of his scheme is that it would not be +safe for one man to make the trip alone.</p> + +<p>He thinks that at least half a dozen ought to start together. In those +far northern lands the fewer white men there are in a party the better +its chance of success, because they require so much more food than the +Eskimos, and it has to be of a more dainty character. Where provisions +are so scarce, this is a serious consideration.</p> + +<p>Mr. Lee says that the present pneumatic tires would not be of the +slightest use, as rubber cracks and splits with the extreme cold. He has +a plan for a new kind of tire that could withstand the climate.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>We saw an account the other day of a new sport <a name="Page_1040" id="Page_1040"></a>for the wheel, which is +being indulged in by the cyclists of England and France.</p> + +<p>It is called bicycle duelling, and consists of fighting mock duels on +the wheel.</p> + +<p>It is said by those who have witnessed it to be a very interesting +sport.</p> + +<p>The contestants are masked; use foils with buttons on the points, and +fight according to the strict rules of fencing. The game is won by +touching the adversary over the heart with the sheathed point of the +foil.</p> + +<p>In fencing, a man has to keep his eye closely on his adversary, and +dares not allow his attention to be distracted for a moment. It is +therefore absolutely necessary that those who engage in a bicycle duel +should be expert riders.</p> + +<p>The mimic battle begins by the two riders circling slowly round each +other, waiting for an opportunity to dash in and strike a blow.</p> + +<p>This circling continues for a few moments until one darts forward—the +foils clash, and the aggressor passes swiftly on, only to turn and +recommence the circling until he sees another opportunity.</p> + +<p>They fight in this way, back and forth, round and round, until the final +touch is given; then the cyclist who is touched is obliged to dismount, +as a sign that he has been defeated.</p> + +<p>This pastime is particularly popular in France, where fencing forms a +part of every young man's education.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>We have had several inquiries about the George Junior Republic at +Freeville, and are pleased to say <a name="Page_1041" id="Page_1041"></a>that the young citizens are being +received there in as large numbers as the funds will permit.</p> + +<p>It might interest our readers to know that any one sending $15 to Mr. +A.G. Agnew, Treasurer of the George Junior Republic, 7 Nassau Street, +New York, can give a ten-weeks' holiday to one poor little lad of the +streets.</p> + +<p>It is a very small amount of money to do so much good with, and it is to +be hoped that people who have $15 to spare will send it to the Junior +Republic to help the good work along.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">G.H.</span> <span class="smcap">Rosenfeld</span>.<br /> +</p><p><a name="Page_1042" id="Page_1042"></a></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>INVENTION AND DISCOVERY.</h2> + +<div class="figleft"><a href="./images/28a.png"><img src="./images/28a-tb.png" alt="Thermometer" title="Thermometer" /></a></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Recording Thermometer</span>.—This is a very interesting little +machine, especially so at this time of year when the temperature is a +constant subject for thought.</p> + +<p>It is a recording thermometer, and consists of a thermometer and a +recording disk. By means of cleverly arranged mechanism the rise and +fall of the mercury is used as the motor power, and registers the +changes in temperature on an indicator card. Other simple mechanism +works a rotary drum by which this indicator card is carried.</p> + +<div class="figright"><a href="./images/28b.png"><img src="./images/28b-tb.png" alt="Pencil Sharpener" title="Pencil Sharpener" /></a></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Pencil Sharpener</span>.—This is another helpful little contrivance, +a pencil sharpener. There are already numberless things of the kind, +some of which answer for a time, some not at all, and all being made for +the purpose of sharpening the pencil to a kind of regulation point. For +my own part I have always preferred a good sharp knife, or the simple +reason that I could then make exactly the kind of point suited to the +work to be done. The purpose of the new pencil sharpener is evidently +the <a name="Page_1043" id="Page_1043"></a>same. This contrivance is a small and handy block for holding the +pencil in position for the knife, and has a cutting guide which will be +a joy to people who are awkward in using the knife.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Colored Photography</span>.—The State Department has received a +specimen from Paris of Mr. Villedieu Chassaigne's work in colored +photography.</p> + +<p>The claim made by Mr. Chassaigne is that he can photograph objects in +their exact colors.</p> + +<p>The coloring process is applied after the picture has been developed and +the print made.</p> + +<p>A colorless liquid is then applied to the print, and after that it is +washed again in blue, green, and red liquids. After each application the +print is wiped dry. The various parts of the picture choose their +original colors, and the result is an exact representation of the object +photographed.</p> + +<p>Several pictures have been brought over by Mr. Anthony, of New York. +Among them were several portraits in which the flesh tints and the +colors of the clothing were beautifully rendered. A view of the <i>Jardin +d'Acclimatation</i> in Paris showed a group of storks, the red coloring of +their legs and beaks being distinctly visible.</p> + +<p>The liquids which produce these results are to be put on the market on +July 1st.</p> + +<p>It is but fair to say that there are some doubts as to the success of +this process.</p> + +<p>A Chassaigne photograph was sent to the State Department, which persons +who have seen it claim is a very crude affair, and cannot be pronounced +a success, as it only resembles a very poorly tinted photograph.</p><p><a name="Page_1044" id="Page_1044"></a></p> + +<p>These persons declare that the Chassaigne photographs are not nearly as +fine as those of Kurz, of New York. These latter are obtained by making +three negatives of a subject—one which photographs only the yellows, +one the reds, and the third the blues in a picture.</p> + +<p>By carefully printing the three negatives, one on the top of the other, +excellent colored pictures can be produced.<br /><br /></p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Kitchen Cabinet</span>.—A new cabinet for the kitchen has been +designed which is a very handy thing for use.</p> + +<p>It is arranged to contain all the sugars and spices and various nice +things that are required in cooking.</p> + +<p>On one side is a large receptacle for coffee, with a mill fixed half-way +down, so the coffee is not only stored, but is always ready for +grinding.</p> + +<p>On the other side is another bin for flour, which is provided with a +sifter.</p> + +<p>By turning a handle the flour falls to the drawer at the bottom, sifted +and ready for use.</p> + +<p>There are handy drawers for sugars and tea, and at the bottom a large +place for bread.</p> + +<p>A clock is fixed into the top of the cabinet, and completes the very +useful little case.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 22em;">G.H.R.</span><br /> +</p> + + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> +<h2>THE GREAT ROUND WORLD</h2> + +<h2>NATURAL HISTORY</h2> + +<h2>STORIES.</h2> + +<h3>A Series of True Stories</h3> + +<h4>BY</h4> + +<h3>JULIA TRUITT BISHOP.</h3> + +<h4>Attractively Illustrated by Barnes.</h4> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<h3>SAMPLE SENT ON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS</h3> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<h3>Author's Preface.</h3> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>The stories published in this little volume have been issued +from time to time in the Philadelphia <i>Times</i>, and it is at the +request of many readers that they now greet the world in more +enduring form. They have been written as occasion suggested, +during several years; and they commemorate to me many of the +friends I have known and loved in the animal world. "Shep" and +"Dr. Jim," "Abdallah" and "Brownie," "Little Dryad" and + +"Peek-a-Boo." I have been fast friends with every one, and have +watched them with such loving interest that I knew all their +ways and could almost read their thoughts. I send them on to +other lovers of dumb animals, hoping that the stories of these +friends of mine will carry pleasure to young and old.</p></div> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<div class='center'> +<b>WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON,</b><br /> +<b>3 & 5 West 18th Street.</b> +</div> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> +<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/klemms.png" alt="Klemm's Relief Practice Maps" title="Klemm's Relief Practice Maps" /></p> + + + + +<p class='center'><b>LIST OF MAPS.</b></p> + + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Maps 1"> +<tr><td align='left'>Small size, 9-1/2 x 11</td><td align='left'>{ Plain,</td><td align='left'>5</td><td align='left'>cents</td><td align='left'>each.</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>{ With Waterproofed surface</td><td align='left'>10</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='center'>"</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p class="center"> +Europe, Asia, Africa; North America, South America, East Central States, +New England, Middle Atlantic States, South Atlantic States, +Palestine, Australia.</p> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Maps 2"> +<tr><td align='left'>Large size, 10 x 15</td><td align='left'>{ Plain,</td><td align='left'>10 </td><td align='left'>cents</td><td align='left'> each.</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>{ With Waterproofed Surface,</td><td align='left'>15</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='center'>"</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p class="center"> +United States, British Isles, Roman Empire, Western Europe, +North America, South America, Asia.<br /> +<br /> +(POSTAGE ON SINGLE MAPS, 5 CENTS.)<br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p>"I would advise <b>Sunday-school teachers</b> to use, in connection with the +lessons of 1897, <b>Klemm's Relief Map of the Roman Empire</b>. Every scholar +who can draw should have a copy of it. Being blank, it can be beautifully +colored: waters, blue; mountains, brown; valleys, green; deserts, yellow; +cities marked with pin-holes; and the journeys of Paul can be traced upon +it."—<span class='smcap'>Mrs. Wilbur F. Crafts</span>, <i>President International Union of +Primary Sabbath-School Teachers of the United States</i>.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p class='center'><b>DESCRIPTION OF THE MAPS.</b></p> + +<p>These maps are made in two forms, both with beautifully executed relief +(embossed)—the cheaper ones of plain stiff paper similar to drawing paper +(these are to be substituted for and used as outline map blanks), the +others covered with a durable waterproof surface, that can be quickly +cleaned with a damp sponge, adapted to receive a succession of markings +and cleansings. Oceans, lakes, and rivers, as well as land, appear in the +same color, white, so as to facilitate the use of the map as a +<b><i>geographical slate</i></b>.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p class="center"> +<b>WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON</b><br /> + +<b><i>3 & 5 W. 18th St. · · · New York City</i></b> +</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2>How the United States Has Grown</h2> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p>Several years ago a modest little volume called "The Evolution of an +Empire" set forth, with a lucidity that was as remarkable as its +brevity, the beginnings and growth of Germany; its author, Mary Platt +Parmele, has since followed the same methods in treating France and +England, and now brings out a fourth volume in the noteworthy series, a +somewhat larger book, called in full, "The Evolution of an Empire: A +Brief Historical Sketch of the United States," published, as were the +others, by William Beverley Harison (New York). In an interesting +preface Mrs. Parmele boldly explains her chief intention, which is to +disclose, in so vivid a light that he who runs may read, the fundamental +causes and their resulting events which have formed and are still +shaping our life. She places the study of history upon a moral basis, as +it shows "the great lines of tendency which make for righteousness and +justice and human freedom." "To comprehend is higher than to remember," +is her text, and she adds some valuable advice to the teacher of +children: "With the growing complexity of life and events it is becoming +an impossible task for the memory to carry the increasing burden of +details; and even if it succeeds in performing this feat, it is at the +expense of a clear and intelligent comprehension of the meaning of the +whole. We may succeed in reducing the mental structure to a mere +storehouse. But if in achieving this the mind has lost the power to +grasp, and to combine, its acquisitions have been dearly purchased."</p> + +<p>Mindful of Huxley's definition of culture, that it "must consist of +criticism and comparison," Mrs. Parmele sweeps away all secondary +details, all the less important incidents, and proceeds to her narrative +of Columbus's discovery, the colonial period, the founding of our +Republic, and its subsequent life down to the present year, with the +simple directness of a dramatist; there is no halting in her impetuous +relation; it is infused throughout with the same degree of philosophical +ardor, and one follows as one does a wonder tale the rapid sequence of +events, tracing with an awakened interest the national issues, which, +presented in this new, concise, imaginative way, take on a fresh, an +enchanting charm. Nothing could be clearer to the mind of a child eager +to know the reason of things, nor to that of a grown person, fatigued by +the jostling memories of both important and useless events, than this +return to the fundamental, the philosophical, the moral causes which +underlie the life of the Republic. The tortuous channels by which the +currents bore us into the war of 1812 are described with such surprising +simplicity that one almost fails to realize how admirable a piece of +condensation the single chapter is; and the annexation of Texas is told +with equal precision. The earliest traces of our present policies, such +as the Monroe Doctrine, the protective tariff and free-silver issues, +are explained so clearly and impartially that the author's brevity helps +rather than mars the effect upon the mind.</p> + +<p>"The history of America should be an inspiration, not a task. It ought +to be known in its grand, simple lines by every child in the nation. Let +it be so acquired first in its utmost brevity, then enlarged, and +enlarged, and again, gradually approaching to a nearer view of the +multiplicity of detail. Pleased at finding new truths which fit +precisely into those already familiar, there will be no difficulty in +keeping alive the interest, nor in remembering. It will be grafting on +to the living, not on to the dead." This is good advice, and Mrs. +Parmele proves it may make good reading as well.—<i>Republican</i>, +Springfield, Mass.</p> +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/agent.png" alt="A Good Agent Wanted in Every Town For The Great Round World" title="A Good Agent Wanted in Every Town For The Great Round World" /></div> + + + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> +<div class="figcenter"><a href="./images/golf.png"><img src="./images/golf-tb.png" alt="Golf Clubs" title="Golf Clubs" /></a></div> + + +<h2>To any one sending us 2 new subscribers</h2> + +<div class="center">we will send, express paid, any one of<br /> +the golf sticks shown in cut. .. .. .. .. </div> + +<div class='blockquot'><b>THESE ARE THE MOST APPROVED SHAPES AND STYLES AND ARE MADE IN THE BEST +POSSIBLE MANNER</b></div> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 12.5em;"><b>2</b> special golf balls may be had for</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 18.5em;">. . . <b>1</b></span><span class="u">new subscription</span></p> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<div class="center"><span class='smcap'><b>THE GREAT ROUND WORLD</b></span><br /> +<b>3 & 5 West 18th St., New York City</b></div> + + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> +<h2>PREMIUM LIST</h2> + +<div class="center"><span class="u">In connection with our offer of<br /> +any BICYCLE you wish for 100 <br />new +subscriptions, we have prepared a</span></div> + +<h3>Premium Catalogue</h3> + +<div class="center"><span class="u">This contains a list of selected <br /> +articles which will be given <br /> +to those who may obtain a smaller <br /> +number of subscriptions.</span></div> + +<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/premiumlist.png" alt="divider" title="divider" /></div> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Those who fail to secure the necessary number for the bicycle may make +selection from this catalogue.</p></div> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> +<div class='center'><b>Copy mailed on receipt of 5c.</b></div> +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> +<div class="center"><span class='smcap'><b>THE GREAT ROUND WORLD</b></span><br /> +<b>3 & 5 West 18th St., New York City</b></div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 36, July 15, 1897, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD *** + +***** This file should be named 15789-h.htm or 15789-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/7/8/15789/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 36, July 15, 1897 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop + +Release Date: May 7, 2005 [EBook #15789] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + + + + +_FIVE CENTS._ + +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD +AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT + + Vol. 1 JULY 15, 1897 No. 36. +[Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second class matter] + +[Illustration: A +WEEKLY +NEWSPAPER +FOR +BOYS AND +GIRLS] + +Subscription +$2.50 per year +$1.25 6 months + + + WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON. PUBLISHER + NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY + +=Copyright, 1897, by WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON.= + + * * * * * + +[Illustration: Books] + +To any subscriber securing for us + ... ...1 NEW SUBSCRIPTION + + _we will send post-paid any one of the following books. Printed on + extra laid paper, bound in red buckram, gilt top._ + + Andersen's Fairy Tales. By Hans Andersen. + Allan Quatermain. By H. Rider Haggard. + Auld Lang Syne. By W. Clark Russell. + Adam Bede. By George Eliot. + Abbe Constantin. By Ludovic Halevy. + Ardath. By Marie Corelli. + Big Bow Mystery. By I. Zangwill. + Bondman. By Hall Caine. + Beyond the City. By A. Conan Doyle. + Black Beauty. By Anna Sewell. + Beatrice. By H. Rider Haggard. + Baron Munchausen. By Rudolph Raspe. + Bryant's Poems. By William Cullen Bryant. + Chouans. By Honore de Balzac. + Cloister Wendhusen. By W. Heimburg. + Country Sweetheart. By Dora Russell. + Change of Air. By Anthony Hope. + Cowper's Poems. By William Cowper. + Cleopatra. By H. Rider Haggard. + Deerslayer. By J. Fenimore Cooper. + Desperate Remedies. By Thomas Hardy. + Danira. By E. Werner. + Duchess. By The Duchess. + Dorothy's Double. By G.A. Henty. + Diana of the Crossways. By George Meredith. + Doctor Rameau. By Georges Ohnet. + David Copperfield. By Charles Dickens. + Dombey & Son. By Charles Dickens. + Elsie. By W. Heimburg. + Evolution of Dodd. By William Hawley Smith. + Fromont Jr. and Risler Sr. By Alphonse Daudet. + Flower of France. By Marah Ellis Ryan. + Great Keinplatz Experiment. By A. Conan Doyle. + Gladiators. By C.J. Whyte-Melville. + Grimm's Fairy Tales. + House of the Wolf. By Stanley Weyman. + Harlequin Opal. By Fergus Hume. + Hortense. By W. Heimburg. + Heir of Redcliffe. By Charlotte M. Yonge. + Han of Iceland. By Victor Hugo. + Ironmaster. By Georges Ohnet. + In All Shades. By Grant Allen. + Jane Eyre. By Charlotte Bronte. + Kings in Exile. By Alphonse Daudet. + Kidnapped. By Robert Louis Stevenson. + Little Rebel. By The Duchess. + Last of the Mohicans. By J. Fenimore Cooper. + Light that Failed. By Rudyard Kipling. + Light of Asia. By Sir Edwin Arnold. + + THE GREAT ROUND WORLD + 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY + + * * * * * + +=The Second Bound Volume= + +OF + +=THE GREAT ROUND WORLD= + +(Containing Nos. 16 to 30) + +=IS NOW READY= + + Handsomely bound in strong cloth, with title on side and back. + Price, postage paid, $1.25. Subscribers may exchange their numbers + by sending them to us (express paid) with 35 cents to cover cost of + binding, and 10 cents for return carriage. + + Address +=_3 and 5 West 18th Street, . . . . . . New York City_= + + * * * * * + +=LIBRARIANS= + +will please note that the subscription price of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD--to +libraries--is $1.75 per year. + + * * * * * + +Do you Cover your Books? + + THE "ONE PIECE" + ADJUSTABLE BOOK COVERS + +are made of the strongest and best book-cover paper obtainable. This paper +is made in large quantities especially for these book covers and will +protect books perfectly. The book covers themselves are a marvel of +ingenuity, and, although they are in one piece and can be adjusted to fit +perfectly any sized book without cutting the paper, they are also so +simple that any boy or girl can use them; as they are already gummed they +are always ready for use. + +A sample dozen will be mailed to any address for 20 cents (or ten two-cent +stamps) if you write + + WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON + + 3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City + + * * * * * + + ILLINOIS STATE NORMAL UNIVERSITY. + + NORMAL, ILL. June 16, 1897. + + + To whom it may concern:-- + + I have examined the publication "The Great Round World". It seems + to me to be admirable in its design and also in its execution. It + abandons the formal style of the newspaper in the narration of + events, substituting instead a style that is at once conversational + and free. I commend it to the consideration of school men. + + [Illustration: handwritten signature, John W. Cook.] + + * * * * * + +="The Great Round World" PRIZE CONTEST= + + +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD is now over six months old, and it feels some +anxiety to know just how much interest its readers have taken in the +news and how much information they have gained from its pages. To +ascertain this, it has been decided to offer ten prizes for the best +answers to the following: + + =Name ten of the most important events that have been mentioned in + "The Great Round World" in the first 30 numbers, that is, up to + number of June 3d.= + + _In mentioning these events give briefly reasons for considering + them important._ + +This competition will be open to subscribers only, and any one desiring +to enter the competition must send to this office their name and the +date of their subscription; a number will then be given them. + +All new subscribers will be furnished with a card entitling them to +enter the competition. + +In making the selection of important events, remember that wars and +political events are not necessarily the most important. If, for +instance, the air-ship had turned out to be a genuine and successful +thing, it would have been most important as affecting the history of the +world. Or if by chance the telephone or telegraph had been invented in +this period, these inventions would have been _important_ events. + +Prizes will be awarded to those who make the best selection and who +mention the events in the best order of their importance. Answers may be +sent in any time before September 1st. + +The Great Round World does not want you to hurry over this contest, but +to take plenty of time and do the work carefully. It will be a pleasant +occupation for the summer months. + +We would advise you to take the magazines starting at No. 1, look them +over carefully, keep a note-book at your side, and jot down in it the +events that seem to you important; when you have finished them all, No. +1 to 30, look over your notes and select the ten events that seem to you +to be the most important, stating after each event your reason for +thinking it important. + +For instance: suppose you decide that the death of Dr. Ruiz was one of +these important events, you might say, "The killing of Dr. Ruiz in the +prison of Guanabacoa--because it brought the cruelties practised on +American citizens to the attention of our Government," etc., etc. + +In sending your answers put your number and the date only on them, for +the judges are not to know names and addresses of the contestants, that +there may be no favoritism shown. + +It is important to put date on, for if two or more are found of similar +standing, the one first received will be given preference. + +Address all letters to REVIEW PRIZE CONTEST DEPARTMENT, +GREAT ROUND WORLD, 3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City. + + _Write answer on one side of the paper only_ + =Prizes will be selections from the premium catalogue= + + No. 1. Premiums as given for 15 Subscriptions + No. 2. " " " " 12 " + No. 3. " " " " 10 " + No. 4. " " " " 9 " + No. 5. " " " " 8 " + No. 6. " " " " 7 " + No. 7. " " " " 5 " + No. 8. " " " " 5 " + No. 9. " " " " 5 " + No. 10. " " " " 5 " + + * * * * * + +[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND +WORLD +AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.] + + VOL. 1 JULY 15, 1897. NO. 36 + +It is reported from Thessaly that the Turks are ruining the country. + +The correspondent who sent the news, having managed to escape the notice +of the Turkish officials, claims to have made a personal examination of +the state of affairs in the city of Larissa. + +He found that all the houses, except those inhabited by Mohammedans, had +been stripped of their contents, and he was informed on the best +authority that many car-loads of plunder had been sent by the soldiers +to the Turkish town of Elassonna. + +In Turnavo, another city of Thessaly, the same condition of affairs +exists as in Larissa. Here, however, the inhabitants had some warning of +the coming of the Turks, and had time to remove many of their valuables +before the enemy arrived. + +The condition of Thessaly is desperate. The harvests are rotting in the +fields. The peasants dare not attempt to gather them in, for fear of the +Turkish soldiers, who, under pretence of seeking for arms, beat them +unmercifully until they hand over what money or valuables they have. + + * * * * * + +The governorship of Crete has been offered to Monsieur Droz, the +ex-president of Switzerland. + +It is said that he has accepted on condition that he is first to be +given an opportunity of seeing how he can get along with the Cretans. + + * * * * * + +The latest report from Cuba is that General Gomez has been wounded, and +some say killed. + +There was a fight in the province of Puerto Principe, and during the +action General Gomez's horse was killed under him and the old soldier +wounded. + +The whole story comes from the Spanish side, and so the Cubans, before +being disturbed by the news, are waiting for it to be confirmed. + +The insurgents have been very active during the last few days. + +It is reported that they have had the good fortune to intercept a couple +of valuable Spanish expeditions, securing in one a prize of $200,000, +and in the other $3,000 in cash, $1,700 worth of medicines and two carts +laden with provisions. + +We are, however, sorry to tell you that the Cubans are beginning to +adopt the same cruel methods toward the Spaniards that the Spaniards +have been using against them. + +A coach full of travellers was journeying with the expedition that +carried the medicines and provisions. The Cubans outnumbered the party, +and took them all prisoners. A woman and a little child who were of the +party were treated kindly and set at liberty, but every Spanish soldier +and every man with the expedition was put to death. + +If the Cubans continue to practise these cruelties they will lose the +strong sympathy which their bravery has so far gained for them. + +Many Spanish soldiers are still deserting to the Cuban lines. The +deserters say that life is unbearable in the Spanish army. The soldiers +are roughly treated, have scarcely anything to eat, and receive their +pay in worthless paper money. + +One entire battalion mutinied a short while ago, and refused to accept +this paper money. The colonel had to give the soldiers his solemn +promise that their pay should be given them half in gold and half in +silver before they would consent to return to duty. + +It is stated that the sum of $50,000,000 is needed for the payment of +the soldiers, and that there is little hope of getting it from Spain, +because the Rothschilds will not lend the Government any more money +unless Spain sacrifices the income of the famous Almaden quicksilver +mines for twenty years. + +The Rothschilds are the greatest and richest bankers in the world. + +This firm has branch houses in all the great capitals in Europe, and has +probably lent money to every government on the continent. + +If a war is contemplated, and a nation needs a large sum of ready money +to make preparations, it is to the Rothschilds that its government +generally turns. + +When good security is offered there is never any trouble in getting +money from them, but if the security is not of the best they never find +themselves in a position to lend the money. + +In 1870, Spain, needing money, applied to the Rothschilds and obtained +what she needed because she offered as security for the repayment of the +loan a lease of the Almaden mines for a term of thirty years. + +These mines are said to be the greatest quicksilver mines in the world, +and yield an immense profit. + +The Rothschilds worked the mines and realized their profits, the Spanish +Government receiving a royalty of so much money for each flask of +quicksilver sold. + +This royalty, in the twenty-six years the bankers have been working the +mines, has amounted to thirty-six millions of dollars. + +The contract with the Spanish Government expires in 1900, and so when +Spain needed money for the Cuban war and applied to the Rothschilds for +it, the bankers were very willing to lend it, asking in return that +their lease of the mines be extended for another term of twenty years. + +This, Spain was unwilling to do. + +She had been informed by her engineers that if she could get the control +of the mines into her own hands, she could realize a yearly income from +them of $6,000,000. + +The Government therefore decided that the lease could not be granted, +and the Rothschilds on their part said that they could not accommodate +Spain with the required money, and so the last loan for the Cuban war +had to be obtained from other sources. + +Spain is again in need of money. If she decides to grant a new lease of +the mines she can obtain it readily. + +If she does not make this arrangement, it is said that she will be +obliged to come to terms with Cuba for lack of funds to fight her. + +A plan to raise money for Cuba has been started in this country. + +A silver coin has been struck off, which is to be sold in the United +States, and the proceeds used to buy arms for Cuba. + +The coin is about the size of a silver dollar, one side bearing the head +of the Goddess of Liberty, and the reverse the arms of Cuba. Its price +will be one dollar. + +Ten thousand of these coins are to be ready during the first week in +July, and the Cubans have made arrangements for a further three millions +to be coined if they are required. + + * * * * * + +The fate of Gen. Rius Rivera is not absolutely decided. + +He was tried by court-martial in the Cabanas fortress and was condemned +to be shot. + +A cablegram was received by General Weyler from Madrid, ordering him to +delay the execution on account of the feeling in the United States. + +General Weyler is said to have cabled back that the United States should +not interfere with prisoners who are not Americans, and to have +requested that he be allowed to carry out the sentence of the court, +because the punishing of General Rivera would have a very desirable +effect on the insurgents. + +A Cabinet council has been called in Madrid, and the question is being +carefully discussed. The decision is anxiously awaited. + +A letter has been received from General Lee saying that food purchased +with the Relief Fund is being distributed to the needy Americans. + + * * * * * + +The _Dauntless_ is certainly a very lucky little vessel. + +We told you last week how she had been captured by the cutter _McLean_, +in consequence of an accident to her machinery. + +The crew of the _Dauntless_ were of course arrested with her, and were +brought to Key West for trial. + +To everybody's surprise they have been discharged on the ground that +there was no evidence to prove they were engaged in fitting out a +filibustering expedition. + +The Madrid newspapers are saying very bitter things about the United +States for not punishing the persons connected with these affairs. They +declare that we make a pretence of taking them prisoners to satisfy +Spain, and then set them at liberty to please ourselves. + + * * * * * + +It would seem that the reports from the Philippine Islands are as +unreliable as those from Cuba. + +It was only last week that we heard that the rebellion was on a stronger +footing than ever, and that there was little chance that it would soon +be put down. + +This week a steamer from Japan brings the news that the Governor-General +of the Philippines has issued a proclamation that the rebellion is at an +end, and announcing that Spanish rule had been re-established. + +It will be interesting to know whether this is really true or merely a +statement of the same kind as those General Weyler has been making for +so many months. + + * * * * * + +A curious experiment is being tried in Tennessee. + +A co-operative town has been established by a few workingmen, and from +all accounts it seems to be a great success. + +The town is called Ruskin, and at the present time has seventy families +in it. + +In this town all men are considered equal, every man, and woman too, +receiving the same amount of wage for his labor, whether it be skilled +or unskilled. The school teacher receives the same pay as the day +laborer; all stand on an equal footing. + +When a man wishes to go and live in Ruskin, he has first to ask for +permission to settle there. The Ruskinites own their town, and are +careful not to allow any people to settle in it who are not likely to be +agreeable to them. + +To every person who wishes to join them they send a list of questions, +asking the would-be settler what his ideas are on certain points. + +If the answers are unsatisfactory, the applicant is told that there is +no room for him in Ruskin. + +If, however, his ideas agree with those of the rest of the community, +his name is put up for membership, and he is elected by ballot, as he +would be to a club. + +When elected, the new member is obliged to pay an initiation fee of $500 +toward the general funds of the town, and he and his family are then +welcome to join the settlement as soon as they see fit. + +When they arrive they are given a house and lot rent free. There are no +taxes to pay in Ruskin; everything is free but furniture and food. +Schools and school-books, doctors, medicines, all are free; the family +washing is even undertaken by the community free of charge. + +In return for these advantages the family is required to work. + +The father must be willing to do any task that is assigned to him, +without complaint. It does not matter if he has never handled a spade in +his life, he must dig if required to, and dig to the best of his +ability. + +The payment in Ruskin is not in dollars and cents, but hours' labor, +notes of one, five, and ten hours' value being printed, and passing for +currency in the town. + +The community allows each man the value of fifty hours' labor a week, +his wife the same amount, and his children twenty hours each. + +The husband is required to work the full time for the community; the +wife is allowed four hours of the day to work for her home, and need +only give five hours to the general good. The four hours that she spends +in her housework are, however, credited to her as hours of labor, +because she is benefiting the community by keeping an orderly home. + +In the same way the twenty hours' weekly labor for which the children +are paid are the hours they spend in school. By going to school and +learning they, too, are benefiting the community, so that their labor is +also for the general good. + +When school is over, children who wish to do so can wait on table in the +community dining-hall, and then they earn more time-checks. + +These checks can be exchanged at the general store for goods, the prices +of articles not being reckoned at so many cents but at so many hours of +labor. + +The Ruskin people seem to be hopeful that they have solved the problem +of living. + +A similar experiment is to be tried under the management of Eugene Debs. +He is the man who led the strikers in Chicago, got into trouble with the +authorities, and was finally sent to prison. + +Debs proposes to start a co-operative town in the West, taking one +hundred thousand men and women along with him to settle it. + +He is going to build factories and start all kinds of industries, which +are to belong to all the people in common, the profits and the losses to +be shared by all the citizens alike. + +Peace and prosperity are promised to all who will enter this ideal town. +It will be interesting to watch the experiment and see just what results +can be achieved. + + * * * * * + +Foreign governments are beginning to be heard from on the subject of the +annexation of Hawaii. + +A member of the English House of Commons has asked the Government +whether it intends to allow this very important coaling-station to pass +out of its reach without protest. + +The Secretary of the Foreign Office replied that no decision had as yet +been reached by the United States, and therefore the Government did not +see that any action was necessary at present. + +The Secretary went on to state that the English ministers would be +careful that none of the rights of British subjects were interfered +with. + +Russia, on her part, has stated that she thinks that the annexation of +Hawaii may be followed by the seizure of Cuba, and considers it a step +very dangerous to Europe. She will not, however, join with Japan in her +protest. + +A report was circulated that Spain and Japan were forming an alliance to +resist the annexation of the Sandwich Islands, but this report has been +denied. + +The German Emperor is said to have declared that he fears the +interference of the United States with European affairs if she is +allowed to extend her territory in this way. + +With all these more or less unfriendly comments there has been but the +one serious objection to the project, and that has come from Japan. + +The State Department has replied to the protest from the Japanese +minister. The Department refuses to allow the claim that the treaty +between Japan and Hawaii was a perpetual treaty. The refusal was based +on the grounds that we gave you last week. + +The Japanese protest also declares that there are twenty-five thousand +of her people resident in the Sandwich Islands who have earned the right +to become citizens, and our Government is asked what it proposes to do +about these people in case the treaty is ratified. + +In replying to this point the State Department refused to give any +definite answer, saying that it was a matter to be settled by Congress +or the courts. + +This reply was sent to the Japanese minister, who immediately cabled it +to his Government. + +The next step in this matter must be taken by Japan, and there is a good +deal of anxiety as to what it will be. + +The arrival of the steamer from Honolulu was eagerly watched for, as it +was thought that the news from Hawaii might give some idea of the temper +of the Japanese. + +Every one was therefore very delighted to learn that the Japanese had +taken no aggressive steps. + +The steamer brought news of a slight alarm in Honolulu, but it had +amounted to nothing. + +A report had been spread that the Japanese warship _Naniwa_ was about to +land her marines and take possession of the Hawaiian Government +buildings and custom-house. + +The news soon reached Admiral Beardslee, who is in command of the +cruiser _Philadelphia_. + +Since the _Philadelphia_ has been in port the Admiral has held weekly +drills of the crews of his own ship, and also of the _Marion_, which has +long been on the Hawaiian station. + +At the time the news reached him, the crews were ashore drilling. + +The Admiral sent an order for them to hurry back to their ships and be +in readiness to prevent any such action on the part of the Japanese. + +When the Japanese minister heard of the matter, he made light of it, and +declared that there had never been any idea of landing marines from the +Japanese warship. + +The people of Honolulu say that the report was true nevertheless, and +that the prompt action of Admiral Beardslee prevented it from being +carried out. + +It seems that the Japanese minister in Hawaii is maintaining that he has +not yet received any reply to his letter to the Hawaiian Government. + +He absolutely declines to regard Mr. Cooper's letter, which was +published in the papers before it reached him, as a reply to his +official communication. + + * * * * * + +Prince Henry of Orleans has arrived safely at the court of Menelik of +Abyssinia, and has been received by him. + +Menelik is described by Prince Henry as an intelligent, good-humored +man, of about forty years of age. His skin is dark, but not nearly so +black as has been stated. + +The Prince found him an agreeable person, much interested in foreign +affairs, and he asked so many intelligent questions about the government +of foreign countries that his visitor was astonished. This savage +monarch knew all about the struggle between Japan and China, and +realized the immense progress the Japanese had made since the war. + +Menelik questioned the Prince about the French President, and seemed +fully acquainted with everything concerning him. He had also heard of +the Prince's voyages, and was extremely interested in his Chinese trip, +asking many questions about the way the people lived in China, their +manufactures and their food. + +This information is particularly interesting when we realize that +Menelik is the king of a savage nation. There are no schools or books in +his country, no manufactories or railroads,--indeed, little civilization +of any kind. + +In the heart of the wilderness this man has made himself familiar with +the doings of the outer world, and has made his power felt among the +great nations. + +The friendship of this savage is necessary to the great Powers of +Europe, and he is well aware of this fact, and is striving to make his +knowledge of practical value for the advancement of his people. + +[Illustration] + +It is toward Africa that the Powers of Europe are turning their +attention at the present day. England, France, Germany, and Italy are +all seeking to plant colonies there, and gather its riches for +themselves. + +For years the various countries have had their way in Africa and have +pursued their conquests practically unchecked. + +The few savage tribes that have resisted have been mastered with more or +less difficulty, and the country has been settled by the conquerors. + +No nation had been met with that was strong enough to check the onward +march of Europe, until Menelik, Negus of Abyssinia, defeated the +Italians at the battle of Adowa, and showed Europe that he, at least, +intended to bring the conquerors to terms. + +Since this battle all the nations interested in Africa have been seeking +the friendship of this swarthy monarch. + +England finds it necessary to make a friend of him, lest in her wars +with the Mahdi's followers, in the Soudan, she have Menelik also against +her. + +France and Italy both need the alliance of this powerful king, else they +will not be able to maintain the colonies they have already established. + +Most of the African rulers have been won over with presents of beads and +gaudy ornaments, but Menelik belongs to a different class. He has +studied and tried to fathom the intricacies of European government, and +if he gives his friendship to the nations that are suing for it, it will +be in exchange for benefits much more substantial than the Europeans +have been accustomed to give. + + * * * * * + +Steady progress has been made with the Tariff Bill, and it is expected +that it will be passed within a very few days. + +An attempt has been made to put a provision against Trusts in the bill. + +The proposed clause would make it unlawful for people to combine +together to restrain free competition or to increase the market price of +materials. All materials unfairly increased in price are to be forfeited +to the United States, and it is to be the duty of the Attorney-General +to enforce all laws against Trusts, and to do all in his power to +suppress them. + +It is thought that it will be difficult to add this clause to the bill, +but every effort will be made to accomplish it. + +Mr. Sherman expressed himself very strongly on the subject of Trusts the +other day. + +He said that in his belief the question of Trusts was the most important +one before the nation to-day. + +He said that the Trust Law was not strong enough in its present form, +and that he was in favor of making all combinations that restrained +trade unlawful. + +He declared that even if the effect of Trusts was to lower prices, he +considered them injurious to the public good, because they prevented +competition and drove the smaller men out of business. + +The Tobacco Trust trial has resulted in a disagreement of the jury. + + * * * * * + +A wonderful diving-bell is being tried in the Great Lakes. + +We described the method of using diving-bells in a previous number, but +this new invention is built on an entirely different plan, and can +accomplish results never before dreamed of. + +The kind formerly made could not withstand the pressure of the water at +any very great depth. No machine had been invented capable of bearing +this strain until the new Smith bell was tried. + +This bell has worked successfully in two hundred feet of water, and it +is claimed can withstand the pressure at a much greater depth. + +The most remarkable thing about the bell is that it can move about under +the water, instead of merely being let down to remain in one place like +an ordinary diving-bell. + +Attached to its cage are four long arms, which can be moved about at +will by the persons in the bell. + +With the aid of these arms the huge machine can move from place to place +like a great spider. + +The arms can also be drawn together like pincers, and made to grip +objects and carry them up to the surface. + +The interior of the bell is lighted by electricity. Outside it carries a +large headlight, which enables those in the bell to see around them for +a distance of a hundred feet. + +Experiments have been made in the Great Lakes with this bell, and its +first practical work has been to locate the exact position of the +steamer _Pewabic_, which was wrecked in Lake Michigan thirty-two years +ago. + +Many attempts have been made to find this steamer because she was laden +with a cargo of copper ingots, and had besides a large sum of money on +board, the two together amounting to about $140,000. + +All attempts had, however, been unsuccessful until the Smith bell was +used. The steamer was found lying in one hundred and sixty feet of +water. + +To prove the truth of the find, portions of the wreck were brought to +the surface. + +The success in Lake Michigan has determined the owner of the diving-bell +to try and raise the North German Lloyd steamer _Elbe_, which was +wrecked off the coast of England in 1895. + +The owners of the _Elbe_ have already spent about fifty thousand dollars +in efforts to recover their vessel. + +The position of the ship was located by divers, who, at a depth of one +hundred and seventy-one feet, found the upper works of the steamer. +These men, however, declare that it is utterly impossible to raise the +ship. + +The _Elbe_ had a valuable cargo and a large amount of gold on board. The +owners of the diving-bell are determined to make the effort to raise her +and secure for themselves the immense reward offered. + +They intend to remove the cargo first and then raise the hull, if it is +possible to do so. + +They are very hopeful of success, and say that the task does not appear +to them any more difficult than the raising of the cargo of the +_Pewabic_ which latter task they are sure of accomplishing. + + * * * * * + +On the 24th of June there was a celebration in Halifax, Nova Scotia, of +the four hundredth anniversary of the discovery of the mainland of +America. + +A tablet was placed in the Parliament building in honor of John Cabot, +who four hundred years ago sailed from Bristol, England, and finally +reached the shores of Newfoundland. + +An endeavor was made to make the celebration a general one throughout +Canada and the United States, but this was found to be impracticable. +Cabot's voyage could not be made of the same importance as that of +Columbus. + +The foundation-stone of a monument to Cabot was laid in his native town +of Bristol on the same day that the celebration took place in Halifax. + + * * * * * + +Lieutenant Peary has started on another Polar expedition, and feels +hopeful that this time he will be able to reach the Pole. + +His plans for his trip are much the same as those of Dr. Nansen; that is +to say, he will establish little colonies of Eskimos at certain +distances along his route, leaving supplies with each colony, which he +can fall back on in case of need. + +He intends to keep up a constant communication with these settlements by +means of dogs and sledges, so that he will not be entirely cut off from +the world as previous explorers have been. + +Lieutenant Peary has obtained five years' leave of absence from the Navy +Department. He will therefore have plenty of time for his experiment. He +says that if he fails the first time he will keep on trying until he +succeeds in reaching the Pole. + +There is a story that one of the men who expect to go north with +Lieutenant Peary has a scheme for reaching the Pole on a bicycle. + +This seems to be the strangest use thus far suggested for the bicycle. + +Mr. Lee, who is the inventor of this novel plan, was with Lieutenant +Peary on his last trip. + +He says that there are miles and miles of smooth surface in the Polar +regions that could easily be covered on a wheel. + +According to his statement the water freezes smoothly, and the salt +crystals that form on the top of the ice make the surface like a +gravelled path, and there is consequently no danger that the wheel would +slip. + +He says that where the snow covers the ice it is pounded so hard by the +winds that the crust is quite solid enough to bear the weight of a man. + +In his opinion a wheelman would find no difficulty in travelling over +it. + +He thinks wheeling to the Pole is the simplest and most practical plan +that has yet been proposed. + +If he goes with Lieutenant Peary, Mr. Lee declares that he will take his +wheel along with him and make the experiment. He thinks that a man could +wheel to the Pole and back from the north of Greenland in one week. + +The great difficulty in the way of his scheme is that it would not be +safe for one man to make the trip alone. + +He thinks that at least half a dozen ought to start together. In those +far northern lands the fewer white men there are in a party the better +its chance of success, because they require so much more food than the +Eskimos, and it has to be of a more dainty character. Where provisions +are so scarce, this is a serious consideration. + +Mr. Lee says that the present pneumatic tires would not be of the +slightest use, as rubber cracks and splits with the extreme cold. He has +a plan for a new kind of tire that could withstand the climate. + + * * * * * + +We saw an account the other day of a new sport for the wheel, which is +being indulged in by the cyclists of England and France. + +It is called bicycle duelling, and consists of fighting mock duels on +the wheel. + +It is said by those who have witnessed it to be a very interesting +sport. + +The contestants are masked; use foils with buttons on the points, and +fight according to the strict rules of fencing. The game is won by +touching the adversary over the heart with the sheathed point of the +foil. + +In fencing, a man has to keep his eye closely on his adversary, and +dares not allow his attention to be distracted for a moment. It is +therefore absolutely necessary that those who engage in a bicycle duel +should be expert riders. + +The mimic battle begins by the two riders circling slowly round each +other, waiting for an opportunity to dash in and strike a blow. + +This circling continues for a few moments until one darts forward--the +foils clash, and the aggressor passes swiftly on, only to turn and +recommence the circling until he sees another opportunity. + +They fight in this way, back and forth, round and round, until the final +touch is given; then the cyclist who is touched is obliged to dismount, +as a sign that he has been defeated. + +This pastime is particularly popular in France, where fencing forms a +part of every young man's education. + + * * * * * + +We have had several inquiries about the George Junior Republic at +Freeville, and are pleased to say that the young citizens are being +received there in as large numbers as the funds will permit. + +It might interest our readers to know that any one sending $15 to Mr. +A.G. Agnew, Treasurer of the George Junior Republic, 7 Nassau Street, +New York, can give a ten-weeks' holiday to one poor little lad of the +streets. + +It is a very small amount of money to do so much good with, and it is to +be hoped that people who have $15 to spare will send it to the Junior +Republic to help the good work along. + + G.H. ROSENFELD. + + + + +INVENTION AND DISCOVERY. + + +RECORDING THERMOMETER.--This is a very interesting little machine, +especially so at this time of year when the temperature is a constant +subject for thought. + +[Illustration: Thermometer] + +It is a recording thermometer, and consists of a thermometer and a +recording disk. By means of cleverly arranged mechanism the rise and +fall of the mercury is used as the motor power, and registers the +changes in temperature on an indicator card. Other simple mechanism +works a rotary drum by which this indicator card is carried. + + +[Illustration: Pencil Sharpener] + +PENCIL SHARPENER.--This is another helpful little contrivance, a pencil +sharpener. There are already numberless things of the kind, some of +which answer for a time, some not at all, and all being made for the +purpose of sharpening the pencil to a kind of regulation point. For my +own part I have always preferred a good sharp knife, or the simple +reason that I could then make exactly the kind of point suited to the +work to be done. The purpose of the new pencil sharpener is evidently +the same. This contrivance is a small and handy block for holding the +pencil in position for the knife, and has a cutting guide which will be +a joy to people who are awkward in using the knife. + + +COLORED PHOTOGRAPHY.--The State Department has received a specimen from +Paris of Mr. Villedieu Chassaigne's work in colored photography. + +The claim made by Mr. Chassaigne is that he can photograph objects in +their exact colors. + +The coloring process is applied after the picture has been developed and +the print made. + +A colorless liquid is then applied to the print, and after that it is +washed again in blue, green, and red liquids. After each application the +print is wiped dry. The various parts of the picture choose their +original colors, and the result is an exact representation of the object +photographed. + +Several pictures have been brought over by Mr. Anthony, of New York. +Among them were several portraits in which the flesh tints and the +colors of the clothing were beautifully rendered. A view of the _Jardin +d'Acclimatation_ in Paris showed a group of storks, the red coloring of +their legs and beaks being distinctly visible. + +The liquids which produce these results are to be put on the market on +July 1st. + +It is but fair to say that there are some doubts as to the success of +this process. + +A Chassaigne photograph was sent to the State Department, which persons +who have seen it claim is a very crude affair, and cannot be pronounced +a success, as it only resembles a very poorly tinted photograph. + +These persons declare that the Chassaigne photographs are not nearly as +fine as those of Kurz, of New York. These latter are obtained by making +three negatives of a subject--one which photographs only the yellows, +one the reds, and the third the blues in a picture. + +By carefully printing the three negatives, one on the top of the other, +excellent colored pictures can be produced. + + +KITCHEN CABINET.--A new cabinet for the kitchen has been designed which +is a very handy thing for use. + +It is arranged to contain all the sugars and spices and various nice +things that are required in cooking. + +On one side is a large receptacle for coffee, with a mill fixed half-way +down, so the coffee is not only stored, but is always ready for +grinding. + +On the other side is another bin for flour, which is provided with a +sifter. + +By turning a handle the flour falls to the drawer at the bottom, sifted +and ready for use. + +There are handy drawers for sugars and tea, and at the bottom a large +place for bread. + +A clock is fixed into the top of the cabinet, and completes the very +useful little case. + + G.H.R. + + * * * * * + + * * * * * + + +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD +NATURAL HISTORY +STORIES. + +A Series of True Stories + +BY +JULIA TRUITT BISHOP. + +Attractively Illustrated by Barnes. + + * * * * * + +These stories will be issued in parts. Price, 10 cents each. Subscription +price (12 numbers), $1.00. Part 1. issued as supplement to GREAT ROUND +WORLD NO. 20. + + * * * * * + + =Author's Preface.= + + The stories published in this little volume have been issued + from time to time in the Philadelphia _Times_, and it is at the + request of many readers that they now greet the world in more + enduring form. They have been written as occasion suggested, + during several years; and they commemorate to me many of the + friends I have known and loved in the animal world. "Shep" and + "Dr. Jim," "Abdallah" and "Brownie," "Little Dryad" and + "Peek-a-Boo." I have been fast friends with every one, and have + watched them with such loving interest that I knew all their + ways and could almost read their thoughts. I send them on to + other lovers of dumb animals, hoping that the stories of these + friends of mine will carry pleasure to young and old. + + * * * * * + + =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON,= + =3 & 5 West 18th Street.= + + * * * * * + + =KLEMMS'= +=RELIEF PRACTICE MAPS.= + + * * * * * + +=LIST OF MAPS.= + + Small size, 9-1/2 x 11 { Plain, 5 cents each. + { With Waterproofed surface 10 " " + + Europe, Asia, Africa; North America, South America, East Central + States, New England, Middle Atlantic States, South Atlantic + States, Palestine, Australia. + + + Large size, 10 x 15 { Plain, 10 cents each. + { With Waterproofed Surface, 15 " " + + United States, British Isles, Roman Empire, Western Europe, + North America, South America, Asia. + + (POSTAGE ON SINGLE MAPS, 5 CENTS.) + + * * * * * + +"I would advise =Sunday-school teachers= to use, in connection with the +lessons of 1897, =Klemm's Relief Map of the Roman Empire=. Every scholar +who can draw should have a copy of it. Being blank, it can be beautifully +colored: waters, blue; mountains, brown; valleys, green; deserts, yellow; +cities marked with pin-holes; and the journeys of Paul can be traced upon +it."--MRS. WILBUR F. CRAFTS, _President International Union of +Primary Sabbath-School Teachers of the United States_. + + * * * * * + +=DESCRIPTION OF THE MAPS.= + +These maps are made in two forms, both with beautifully executed relief +(embossed)--the cheaper ones of plain stiff paper similar to drawing paper +(these are to be substituted for and used as outline map blanks), the +others covered with a durable waterproof surface, that can be quickly +cleaned with a damp sponge, adapted to receive a succession of markings +and cleansings. Oceans, lakes, and rivers, as well as land, appear in the +same color, white, so as to facilitate the use of the map as a +=_geographical slate_=. + + * * * * * + + =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON + _3 & 5 W. 18th St. ... New York City_= + + + * * * * * + + + + + =How the United States Has Grown= + + * * * * * + +Several years ago a modest little volume called "The Evolution of an +Empire" set forth, with a lucidity that was as remarkable as its +brevity, the beginnings and growth of Germany; its author, Mary Platt +Parmele, has since followed the same methods in treating France and +England, and now brings out a fourth volume in the noteworthy series, a +somewhat larger book, called in full, "The Evolution of an Empire: A +Brief Historical Sketch of the United States," published, as were the +others, by William Beverley Harison (New York). In an interesting +preface Mrs. Parmele boldly explains her chief intention, which is to +disclose, in so vivid a light that he who runs may read, the fundamental +causes and their resulting events which have formed and are still +shaping our life. She places the study of history upon a moral basis, as +it shows "the great lines of tendency which make for righteousness and +justice and human freedom." "To comprehend is higher than to remember," +is her text, and she adds some valuable advice to the teacher of +children: "With the growing complexity of life and events it is becoming +an impossible task for the memory to carry the increasing burden of +details; and even if it succeeds in performing this feat, it is at the +expense of a clear and intelligent comprehension of the meaning of the +whole. We may succeed in reducing the mental structure to a mere +storehouse. But if in achieving this the mind has lost the power to +grasp, and to combine, its acquisitions have been dearly purchased." + +Mindful of Huxley's definition of culture, that it "must consist of +criticism and comparison," Mrs. Parmele sweeps away all secondary +details, all the less important incidents, and proceeds to her narrative +of Columbus's discovery, the colonial period, the founding of our +Republic, and its subsequent life down to the present year, with the +simple directness of a dramatist; there is no halting in her impetuous +relation; it is infused throughout with the same degree of philosophical +ardor, and one follows as one does a wonder tale the rapid sequence of +events, tracing with an awakened interest the national issues, which, +presented in this new, concise, imaginative way, take on a fresh, an +enchanting charm. Nothing could be clearer to the mind of a child eager +to know the reason of things, nor to that of a grown person, fatigued by +the jostling memories of both important and useless events, than this +return to the fundamental, the philosophical, the moral causes which +underlie the life of the Republic. The tortuous channels by which the +currents bore us into the war of 1812 are described with such surprising +simplicity that one almost fails to realize how admirable a piece of +condensation the single chapter is; and the annexation of Texas is told +with equal precision. The earliest traces of our present policies, such +as the Monroe Doctrine, the protective tariff and free-silver issues, +are explained so clearly and impartially that the author's brevity helps +rather than mars the effect upon the mind. + +"The history of America should be an inspiration, not a task. It ought +to be known in its grand, simple lines by every child in the nation. Let +it be so acquired first in its utmost brevity, then enlarged, and +enlarged, and again, gradually approaching to a nearer view of the +multiplicity of detail. Pleased at finding new truths which fit +precisely into those already familiar, there will be no difficulty in +keeping alive the interest, nor in remembering. It will be grafting on +to the living, not on to the dead." This is good advice, and Mrs. +Parmele proves it may make good reading as well.--_Republican_, +Springfield, Mass. + + * * * * * + + A Good Agent + Wanted + In Every Town + for + "The Great Round World" + + * * * * * + +[Illustration: + WOODEN PUTTER + BRASSIE SPOON + BRASSIE NIBLICK + DRIVER + CLEEK + IRON + LOFTING IRON + MASHIE + NIBLICK + IRON PUTTER] + + =To any one sending us 2 new subscribers= + + we will send, express paid, any one of the golf sticks shown in + cut... + +=These are the most approved shapes and styles and are made in the best +possible manner= + + * * * * * + + =2= special golf balls may be had for + ... =1= new subscription + + * * * * * + + =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD= + =3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY= + + * * * * * + + +=PREMIUM LIST= + + In connection with our offer of any BICYCLE you wish for 100 new + subscriptions, we have prepared a + +=Premium Catalogue= + + This contains a list of selected articles which will be given to + those who may obtain a smaller number of subscriptions + + * * * * * + +Those who fail to secure the necessary number for the bicycle may make +selection from this catalogue. + + + * * * * * + + =Copy mailed on receipt of 5c.= + + * * * * * + + =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD= + =3 & 5 West 18th St, New York City= + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 36, July 15, 1897, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD *** + +***** This file should be named 15789.txt or 15789.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/7/8/15789/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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