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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On
+In It, Vol. 1, No. 35, July 8, 1897, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 35, July 8, 1897
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop
+
+Release Date: May 7, 2005 [EBook #15785]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+_FIVE CENTS._
+
+THE GREAT ROUND WORLD
+AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT
+
+  Vol. 1                JUNE 3, 1897                No. 30.
+[Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second class matter]
+
+[Illustration: A
+WEEKLY
+NEWSPAPER
+FOR
+BOYS AND
+GIRLS]
+
+Subscription
+$2.50 per year
+$1.25 6 months
+
+
+    WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON. PUBLISHER
+    NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY
+
+=Copyright, 1897, by WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration:
+     WOODEN PUTTER
+     BRASSIE SPOON
+     BRASSIE NIBLICK
+     DRIVER
+     CLEEK
+     IRON
+     LOFTING IRON
+     MASHIE
+     NIBLICK
+     IRON PUTTER]
+
+     =To any one sending us 2 new subscribers=
+
+     we will send, express paid, any one of the golf sticks shown in
+     cut...
+
+=These are the most approved shapes and styles and are made in the best
+possible manner=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     =2= special golf balls may be had for
+                   ... =1= new subscription
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD=
+     =3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     _Subscribers going out of town will please notify us as early as
+     possible of proposed change of address, in order to save delay in
+     receipt of magazines_
+
+     _THE GREAT ROUND WORLD_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=S.T.A. Vertical Writing Pens=
+
+[Illustration]
+
+     =PRICES:=
+
+     =Per Gross, $1.00; Per Dozen= (samples), =10 Cents=
+
+Vertical writing demands a commercial pen. The "S.T.A." pens are strictly
+a commercial pen, made after the famous models designed by John Jackson,
+originator of the
+
+     ------_System of Upright Writing._------
+
+The desirability of teaching children, boys especially, to write with such
+a pen as they will use in after life will be recognized by every good
+teacher.
+
+     _Introduced into the Schools of Denver, Colo., and elsewhere._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=The Second Bound Volume=
+
+OF
+
+=THE GREAT ROUND WORLD=
+
+(Containing Nos. 16 to 30)
+
+=IS NOW READY=
+
+     Handsomely bound in strong cloth, with title on side and back.
+     Price, postage paid, $1.25. Subscribers may exchange their numbers
+     by sending them to us (express paid) with 35 cents to cover cost of
+     binding, and 10 cents for return carriage.
+
+
+  Address
+=_3 and 5 West 18th Street, · · · · · · New York City_=
+
+    AS A
+    =SPECIAL INDUCEMENT=
+
+    for our subscribers to interest others in "The Great Round
+    World," we will give to each subscriber who sends us $2.50 to
+    pay for a year's subscription to a new name, a copy of
+
+    =Rand, McNally & Co.=
+      =1897 Atlas of the World.=
+
+    =160 pages of colored maps from new plates, size 11 1/2 x 14
+    inches, printed on special paper with marginal index, and well
+    worth its regular price - - - - $2.50.=
+
+
+Every one has some sort of an atlas, doubtless, but an old atlas is no
+better than an old directory; countries do not move away, as do people,
+but they do change and our knowledge of them increases, and this atlas,
+made in 1897 from =new= plates, is perfect and up to date and covers every
+point on
+
+    =The Great Round World.=
+
+Those not subscribers should secure the subscription of a friend and remit
+$5 to cover it and their own. A copy of the atlas will be sent to either
+address.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GREAT ROUND WORLD,
+_3 and 5 West 18th Street, · · · · · · · ·New York City._
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND
+WORLD
+AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.]
+
+    VOL. 1   JULY 8, 1897.   NO. 35
+
+
+England has been spending a very busy week celebrating the Queen's
+Jubilee.
+
+On such occasions, when the attention of the world is centred upon a
+country, it seems to be the custom to publish startling rumors, to keep
+up the excitement.
+
+The Jubilee has been no exception to this rule. The wildest reports have
+been circulated.
+
+One account declared that the Queen was totally blind, and would not be
+able to enjoy any of the festivities prepared in her honor.
+
+This was promptly contradicted, but was soon revived with the addition
+that the story was "strictly true," but that London was hushing it up
+until the Jubilee was over.
+
+Following closely on the heels of this came a new story, that Queen
+Victoria was about to abdicate. This story stated that the Prince of
+Wales would not be crowned King while his mother lived, but would occupy
+the throne.
+
+Abdication is the act of giving up or relinquishing the right to hold an
+office. It is the same as resigning, but the word is almost without
+exception used in the case of a sovereign or ruler of a country.
+
+Abdication should be an act of free will on the part of the person who
+resigns.
+
+Queen Liliuokalani claims that she is still the rightful Queen of
+Hawaii, because, though she signed an act of abdication, she says, she
+did not do it of her own free will, but was forced to sign by the
+present government of the islands.
+
+As to the story of Queen Victoria's abdicating: she is now seventy-eight
+years old, and she may well be wearied with the cares of government, but
+she cannot abdicate unless Parliament is willing that she shall do so.
+
+England has, in the past, had many troubles brought upon her by unwise,
+weak, or wicked kings, and when James II. fled to France the English
+people felt they had had enough ill treatment at the hands of kings, and
+determined to take away absolute power from future kings.
+
+The people had some cause to be afraid of too much power in the hands of
+the king at that time, for James II. was the son of Charles I., who had
+so mismanaged the country that the people finally had him beheaded. He
+was also the brother of Charles II., who had been called to the throne
+after the death of Cromwell, and who had spent the years of his reign in
+every kind of folly and wickedness. The English people made up their
+minds to stand no nonsense from James; so, when he showed himself
+utterly incapable of ruling the country, the nobles invited William of
+Orange, the husband of James' daughter Mary, to occupy the throne.
+
+When his last hope was gone, and he saw that he would be obliged to fly
+the country, James showed the people how wise they had been to get rid
+of him.
+
+He had dissolved Parliament and disbanded the army, so that there was no
+form of government in the country, no army to preserve order, and, as he
+thought, no possibility of calling a government together, because he had
+thrown the Great Seal into the Thames River, without which and his
+signature, as he supposed, no acts would be legal.
+
+James II., sworn to protect and preserve the rights of the English
+people, tried by these acts to hand them over to anarchy and mob-rule.
+
+But Cromwell had given the people some lessons in governing without the
+help of kings, and so Parliament overcame these difficulties, as you
+will see if you read the history of England.
+
+Because of the difficulties the King had caused, Parliament passed
+certain new laws, limiting the power of the sovereign.
+
+The sovereign of England therefore rules subject to the will of the
+people, and it is said that the British government is one of the most
+perfect forms of republican government existing.
+
+The Jubilee festivities began Sunday, June 20th, the actual sixtieth
+anniversary of the Queen's accession to the throne. This was celebrated
+by thanksgiving services throughout the entire kingdom and its colonies;
+the Queen and her family, the Members of Parliament, and the officials
+throughout the kingdom and the colonies, attending divine service.
+
+On Monday Her Majesty went to Buckingham Palace, her London residence,
+and received the notable foreigners who had come to do her honor, and
+the officers of her various governments throughout the world.
+
+Tuesday was the day of the great procession, when the Queen rode in
+state through London to take part in the public thanksgiving at St.
+Paul's Cathedral.
+
+This service was held on the steps of the Cathedral, the Queen remaining
+in her carriage, surrounded by her family, her guests, and the
+soldiers--joining in the service of praise with her people.
+
+It must have been an impressive ceremony--in the midst of a vast throng
+of princes, nobles, and soldiers in splendid uniforms, this quiet little
+old lady in black, listening with bowed head to the prayers, and then
+raising her face to smile on her people. The prayers being over, the
+crowds, that had silently watched the service, with one voice joined in
+the fine old anthem, "God Save the Queen."
+
+The Queen was escorted to and from the cathedral by the most brilliant
+array of princes this century has seen. Thirty-six princes, representing
+nearly every monarch on earth, rode three by three to escort Victoria.
+
+Before leaving Buckingham Palace to go to St. Paul's, the Queen sent a
+message of thanks to every part of her vast empire. Arrangements had
+been made that Her Majesty should personally despatch these telegrams;
+wires had been laid and everything arranged, so that when she pressed
+the button in the palace the telegrams were sent forth to her colonies,
+straight from the royal hand. In three hours replies had been received
+from all but three of the forty-three colonies to which her message had
+been despatched.
+
+The Jubilee celebrations were continued through the week, with state
+dinners and concerts, and an address from the Parliament on Wednesday; a
+visit to Eton College, the royal school, on Thursday; a review of the
+fire brigades on Friday, and of the navy on Saturday. A pretty busy week
+for a person of seventy-eight years.
+
+The celebration was considered very remarkable as a demonstration of
+naval and military strength.
+
+Fifty thousand troops marched in line on Tuesday, and at the naval
+review England was represented by more war-vessels than any other power
+possesses.
+
+Troops had been sent from British colonies in Asia, Africa, North and
+South America, and Oceanica. From all quarters of the globe people of
+many races, colors, and languages came together to acknowledge Victoria
+as their Queen.
+
+The Jubilee week must have been a proud season for Englishmen--they had
+a fine opportunity to show the world the power of their great empire.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Irish members of Parliament persisted in their refusal to join in
+the Jubilee ceremonies.
+
+When it was proposed in the House of Commons that an address of
+congratulation be sent to the Queen, the Irish members made a scene.
+
+They protested against any message being sent, unless it contained a
+statement that during the sixty years of Victoria's reign Ireland had
+been subject to much suffering and deprived of her rights, and that
+therefore the Irish members of Parliament were dissatisfied and unable
+to join in the celebrations.
+
+The House of Commons would not entertain this, and a motion was passed
+that the address should be sent to the Queen.
+
+The Irish members continued their protests after the vote had been
+taken, declaring it false and absurd to present the address when it did
+not express the sentiment of the House, but only of a portion of it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Captain Boycott has just died. You are probably familiar with the name,
+and with the meaning of the word "boycott," but it may interest you to
+know what a very young word it is, only seventeen years old, having been
+coined in 1880, and that it derives its origin from this very Captain
+Boycott who has just passed away.
+
+He was a captain in the English army. After a while he sold out his
+commission, and settled down as a farmer in Connemara, Ireland. He
+became the agent of an Irish landlord named Lord Erne, and it was his
+duty to manage the estate, see to the sowing and gathering of crops,
+keep the houses on the property in repair, and collect the rents from
+the tenants.
+
+The Irish had long been complaining that their rents were too heavy, and
+that their landlords did nothing for them in return for the money
+collected. There was a good deal of truth in these complaints; the
+landlords hardly ever went near their estates, and seemed to care only
+for the money they got from the tenants. The whole conduct of affairs
+was left in the hands of the agents, who were obliged to grind the money
+out of the tenants to supply the wants of their masters.
+
+It does not appear that Captain Boycott was more severe than other
+agents, but he does seem to have been less in sympathy with the
+peasants.
+
+There had been a long period of bad harvests followed by a famine, and
+the tenants could not pay their rents. They begged that their back rent
+might be forgiven them, and their future rents lowered.
+
+All over Ireland similar demands were being made. Irish agitators, as
+they were called, were holding meetings all over the country, advising
+the peasants to make these demands. Among the men who addressed the
+people were Charles Stewart Parnell, John Dillon, and Michael Davitt,
+all members of Parliament.
+
+Excitement had run so high that the peasants had murdered several agents
+who refused their demands.
+
+Mr. Parnell and his friends urged the people not to commit crimes, but
+to refuse to pay the rents demanded.
+
+These leaders bade the people stop buying from, selling to, or working
+for any landlord who refused to listen to their demands, and to prevent
+others from having any dealings with them.
+
+This is what is called "boycotting." Captain Boycott was its first
+victim. He not only refused to lower the rents, but, according to the
+story of the peasants, he reduced the wages of his laborers by a system
+of petty fines.
+
+Acting on Mr. Parnell's advice, the laborers refused to work for him,
+and the tenants refused to have any dealings with him.
+
+It was harvest-time, but the crops were left rotting in the fields,
+because no one would lend a hand to gather them. The farm servants left
+the farm, and there was no one to feed the cattle or milk the cows. The
+country people round would sell neither food, clothes, nor medicines to
+any of the family.
+
+The peasants cut Captain Boycott off from the rest of the world, and
+kept him thus isolated until the Government had to interfere.
+
+A gang of laborers was sent down, under the escort of a troop of
+soldiers, and gathered in the crops, and when the work was done, under
+the protection of the soldiers, the Captain and his family were taken
+from their home and safely guarded until they reached Dublin.
+
+In describing this most extraordinary affair there was no word which
+properly applied to it, and so the word "boycotting" was coined, after
+the man who first suffered from the system, and in the new editions of
+the dictionaries "boycott" and "boycotting" appear as regular words of
+the English language.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We may have an Arbitration Treaty with England after all.
+
+President McKinley is in favor of an understanding between England and
+the United States, and it is said that a new treaty has been prepared.
+
+Sir Julian Pauncefote has refused to take any steps in the matter until
+the United States has made a formal offer to his Government, but it is
+understood that he is as much in favor of the arrangement as the
+President.
+
+The new treaty will differ in many respects from the one prepared by Mr.
+Olney. It will be expressly stated that all matters relating to the
+Nicaragua Canal and the Monroe Doctrine shall not be included as
+subjects for arbitration. (For Monroe Doctrine, see p. 210.)
+
+It is intended to find out the feeling of the Senate toward the measure
+before the new treaty is signed. A second refusal to ratify might make
+bad feeling between the two countries.
+
+It is not expected that the new treaty will be sent to the Senate before
+December.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The terms of peace between Turkey and Greece have not yet been agreed
+upon, nor has the amount of money which Greece must pay been finally
+decided.
+
+It is rumored that it will be about twenty-three million dollars, which
+is the largest sum that Greece is able to pay. It is also reported that
+Turkey is now willing to give up Thessaly without further trouble.
+
+This may be true, but Turkey is posting guns on the mountains that mark
+the frontier between Greece and Turkey, and is despatching additional
+troops there.
+
+An announcement has also been made that the Sultan has formed twenty
+more cavalry regiments, and has raised the number of soldiers to be
+recruited for the Turkish army to seven hundred thousand, which gives
+him an immense number of fighting men at his command.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Little progress has been made with Cuban affairs, but they are still
+moving slowly forward.
+
+The Liberal party in the Spanish Cortes has declared itself in favor of
+honest reforms in Cuba.
+
+This party, which is led by Señor Sagasta, thinks that the reforms
+offered by Canovas, the Prime Minister, are not sufficient to pacify the
+insurgents. They think that a Commissioner should be sent out by Spain,
+to insure to the Cubans real home rule, and bring peace and prosperity
+back to the island.
+
+The Liberals say that the first step in the direction of peace must be
+the recall of General Weyler, and that the horrors of his rule must be
+stopped at once.
+
+Señor Comas, who had his ears boxed by the Duke of Tetuan, belongs to
+this Liberal party. His friends are still so incensed at this insult
+that they have issued a manifesto, refusing to have any relations with
+the Government so long as the Duke remains in power.
+
+This disagreement in the Cortes is a very serious thing for Spain. At
+this moment, when there is so much dissatisfaction over the expenses of
+the Cuban war and constant fears of a Carlist rising are entertained, it
+is most necessary that the two parties should agree.
+
+The fear of a Carlist rising is growing stronger. Only the other day a
+large store of rifles and ammunition was found in a house in Barcelona,
+one of the large cities of Spain. They had been stored there to be in
+readiness for the Carlists.
+
+Don Carlos has announced that if he secures the throne of Spain, it is
+his intention to give home rule to Cuba; and the Spanish people are so
+tired of the war, and the taxes, poverty, and sorrow that it has brought
+with it, that this statement brought many friends to his cause.
+
+General Woodford is known to have sympathized with the Cubans in their
+last struggle for liberty, and to have made some very severe speeches
+against Spain at that time.
+
+The Madrid papers have mentioned this fact, and it is thought that the
+Queen Regent may object to his appointment.
+
+In the mean while some strange plans have been offered as a solution of
+the difficulty.
+
+From Washington comes a report that the Sugar Trust has offered to buy
+Cuba, and keep it as a vast sugar plantation.
+
+Gomez is reported to have said that Cuba does not want the United States
+to go to war with Spain for her sake. All she asks is that she shall be
+granted belligerent rights, and be allowed to buy and ship her supplies
+without interference.
+
+The Morgan Resolution (for granting these rights) has not yet passed the
+House.
+
+Some of the Senators who are anxious that it shall be passed declare
+that they will force the House to consider it, by putting off action on
+the Tariff Bill until the Cuban Resolutions are brought before the
+House.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It seems that the _Dauntless_ has met the usual fate of sinners.
+
+She made a successful trip to Cuba after her release from custody, and,
+returning to this country, took on another forbidden cargo.
+
+She escaped the cruiser _Vesuvius_ by hiding herself among the Florida
+Keys, but fate overtook her; her boiler burst while she was off Indian
+Key, and she was easily captured by the cutter _McLean_.
+
+This time she will probably not escape so easily.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+When the President sent the Hawaiian Annexation Treaty to the Senate, he
+sent with it a message, giving reasons why the annexation of Hawaii
+seems advisable.
+
+His message stated that the idea of joining the two countries together
+is no new one, that all our dealings with the Sandwich Islands for the
+past three-quarters of a century have been leading toward this point,
+and that for seventy years the government of the Hawaiian Islands has
+leaned on the friendship of the United States, and annexation would be
+only the natural outcome of the existing relations.
+
+The Treaty has been published. It provides, in addition to the clauses
+regarding the debt and the public lands (about which we told you last
+week), that all existing treaties between Hawaii and foreign nations
+shall cease, and that no further immigration of Chinese shall be allowed
+to Hawaii, nor shall any of the Chinamen at present living in the
+Hawaiian Islands be allowed to visit the United States.
+
+These two clauses are objected to by both the Chinese and the Japanese.
+China declares that if Hawaii is annexed it will become a part of the
+United States, and protests that Chinamen living in Hawaii shall
+therefore have the same right to come to the United States that they
+have to journey from one State to another.
+
+Japan has entered a formal protest against the annexation.
+
+She claims that she has perpetual treaty rights with Hawaii; that is to
+say, that her treaties can never be ended. She declares that the
+Annexation Treaty must not have any clause cancelling existing treaties
+with other nations. Such a clause would seriously damage her interests.
+
+This protest from Japan comes in some degree from injured feelings.
+
+Japan complains that throughout her disagreement with Hawaii she
+recognized the interests of the United States, and caused copies of all
+papers relating to the matter to be sent from her embassy to this
+Government.
+
+Despite this courtesy on her part, she was kept in complete ignorance of
+the Annexation Treaty. When rumors of such an arrangement reached her
+minister, he went to the State Department to make inquiries, and claims
+that Mr. Sherman did not give satisfactory answers, but seemed purposely
+trying to keep Japan in ignorance of the true state of the case.
+
+Mr. Sherman replied to this protest that there can be no such thing as a
+perpetual treaty.
+
+According to his point of view, a treaty, no matter how strongly drawn,
+must end when one of the countries that made it ceases to be a nation
+any longer. Should the Senate ratify the treaty, Hawaii will become a
+part of the United States, her life as a nation will be at an end, and
+her treaties will cease with her.
+
+Mr. Sherman reminds Japan of the treaty between Japan and the United
+States that will go into effect in 1899, and which will give her the
+same privileges she had with Hawaii. He adds that if she is not content
+to wait the two years till the United States treaty begins, arrangements
+can be made to cover the intervening period.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There is a good deal of gossip over the fact that Mr. Sherman put his
+signature to the Annexation Treaty.
+
+From various speeches in the Senate, and from statements in his memoirs,
+it was believed that he was strongly opposed to the annexation of
+Hawaii. It is rumored, indeed, that Queen Liliuokalani based her
+strongest hopes of regaining her throne on the belief that the Secretary
+of State was opposed to the treaty and would use his influence to
+prevent its being ratified.
+
+Mr. Sherman, however, states that while he was opposed to such a step at
+one time, the trouble between Hawaii and Japan has caused him to change
+his mind, and he now thinks annexation will be most desirable for all
+parties concerned.
+
+The ex-Queen of the Sandwich Islands, Liliuokalani, has also sent in her
+protest against the Treaty. She objects because "her people," as she
+calls the Hawaiians, have not been consulted, and also because no
+provision has been made for her.
+
+This protest has been filed in the State Department, and will be
+attended to in due course.
+
+Notice of our intentions with regard to Hawaii has been sent to the
+various foreign powers, and so far no other protest has been received.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Christian Ross, the broken-hearted father of Charlie Ross, has just died
+in Philadelphia.
+
+You are all probably familiar with the story of little Charlie Ross, who
+was stolen away from his home; but it seems well to tell it you again,
+for it may serve as a warning against making chance acquaintances in the
+street.
+
+Charlie Ross and his brother Walter were playing in front of their home
+in Germantown, Pa., when two men drove by in a buggy. The men promised
+the boys a ride if they would walk up to the top of the hill on which
+the house stood.
+
+The boys ran gladly up the hill, and then, when they were safely out of
+sight of the house, the two men took them up and drove off with them.
+
+They gave them candy, and kept the boys happy and amused until they
+reached the town. Here they gave the older boy, Walter, a quarter to go
+and buy some more candy, and while he was in the store drove off with
+Charlie.
+
+All this happened twenty-three years ago, but from that day to this
+Charlie Ross has never been found.
+
+His father was frantic with grief, and a careful search was made for the
+child, but no traces of him could be found.
+
+Some days after Charlie had been stolen, a letter was brought to his
+father, saying that the boy was being held for ransom, and would be
+returned to his father on the payment of twenty thousand dollars.
+
+This money was raised, and would have been paid to the brigands, but
+that the police stepped in and insisted upon their right to manage the
+case.
+
+Mr. Ross had been warned against allowing the police to interfere. The
+thieves had written to him that if he did so they would kill the boy.
+
+The Mayor of Philadelphia offered the enormous reward of twenty thousand
+dollars for the recovery of the boy and the arrest of the persons who
+had stolen him. Notices of this were printed in every language, and sent
+all over the world; but though numbers of people were working to gain
+the great reward, Charlie Ross has never been found.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We told you last week of the new volcano which has appeared in Mexico.
+
+The shocks have done a great deal of damage. The town of Tehuantepec has
+been completely destroyed, and the people are living in tents on the
+outskirts of the place.
+
+Tremblings of the earth still continue to be felt along the Pacific
+Coast, and the people are terror-stricken.
+
+One very severe shock was felt in San Francisco, but little damage
+resulted from it. Some of the California towns have, however, suffered
+severely.
+
+Nature seems to be playing some strange tricks this year.
+
+The French people have been treated to a cyclone.
+
+They seemed to be really indignant over the visitation. They had always
+considered that cyclones were American institutions, and never expected
+that they would follow the example of American people and find their way
+to Paris.
+
+This storm was a regular Westerner, sweeping down everything in its
+path, blowing houses over, and destroying things generally.
+
+Having spent part of its rage in France, it rushed across the English
+Channel, raising such a gale there that many vessels were wrecked, both
+on the English and French shores.
+
+The storm crossed England and reached the Irish Channel, where it again
+played havoc with the shipping. Admiral Lord Nelson's flag-ship, the
+_Foudroyant_, was anchored off Liverpool. It had been touring up and
+down the coast as a show-ship. The storm put an end to its journeyings
+forever. It was caught in the gale, driven ashore, and is now a total
+wreck.
+
+If such storms are repeated, we shall have to tell our European cousins
+how they manage tornadoes and cyclones out West.
+
+In the State of Kansas, tornadoes are more dreaded than fires, and the
+Kansas children are taught a tornado drill as our Eastern children are
+taught a fire drill.
+
+According to the statements we receive, the citizens take to the
+prairies the moment a tornado strikes a Kansas town. As the children
+cannot run as fast as the grown-ups, they have often been caught and
+injured by the terrible storms before they could escape.
+
+To prevent such accidents in the future, some one decided to build
+tornado caves under the schoolhouses. These caves are large enough to
+shelter all the children while the blow lasts, and the scholars are
+regularly drilled in the methods of reaching these caves quickly and in
+good order.
+
+The teacher sounds the alarm, and instantly the pupils stand up, and to
+the music of their own singing march down the stairs and into the cave.
+
+Then, let the tornado rage as it will, they are safe.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The tailors' strike is over, and has resulted in a victory for the
+strikers.
+
+The contractors have signed the new agreement, and most of the tailors
+are now back at their work.
+
+This victory means a great deal to the workers. Their period of labor
+will be reduced from fifteen hours a day to ten, and by the new scale
+of wages they will be able to earn from $10 to $18 a week, instead of
+from $5 to $10 as formerly.
+
+The leader of the strike, Meyer Shoenfeld, has been working so hard in
+the interests of his fellow-laborers that he is quite ill. At one of the
+last meetings of the strikers he broke down in the midst of a speech he
+was making, and was unable to continue.
+
+When he heard that the contractors were about to sign, he insisted on
+getting out of his sick-bed and going to the meeting, to make sure
+everything was being properly arranged.
+
+The success of the strikers will cause a slight increase in the price of
+ready-made clothes, but few are likely to begrudge this when they
+realize what an increase of comfort it means to the poor workers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Austria and Hungary are not getting along as well as they might.
+
+There are two reasons for this unfriendly feeling.
+
+One is that Austria has asked Hungary to pay a larger proportion of the
+common expenses of the two countries. It was arranged that Hungary
+should pay thirty per cent. of these expenses, and Austria the other
+seventy per cent., because Austria was much larger and wealthier than
+the sister land.
+
+Since these arrangements were made Hungary has become exceedingly
+prosperous, and Austria now asks her to pay thirty-seven per cent. of
+the expenses instead of the former thirty per cent.
+
+Hungary will not listen to any arguments on the subject, and threatens
+to separate herself from Austria.
+
+These two countries are governed by one sovereign, and, like Sweden and
+Norway, or the various States of our own country, have each their own
+local government, but are united on all matters of foreign affairs,
+national defences, tariff, etc.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The Hungarians and Austrians are, however, people of very different
+races, and, in spite of the years they have been joined under one
+federal government, they have never grown to like each other.
+
+The Hungarians are Magyars, and were originally of Asiatic origin. They
+are a fierce, fiery race. The Austrians come of the same stock as the
+Germans, and are of a much milder temperament.
+
+Hungary is a conquered country. In the fourteenth and fifteenth
+centuries it was a very great kingdom, but in the sixteenth century its
+power declined, and, the king having died, Turkey and Austria fought
+for the possession of the crown, Austria eventually gaining the day.
+
+Ferdinand I., a prince of the Austrian House of Hapsburg, was declared
+King of Hungary, and ever since then the Emperor of Austria has been
+crowned King of Hungary.
+
+The Hungarians have never felt satisfied with the Austrian rule, and
+have frequently revolted. The last rising was in 1848, under Louis
+Kossuth. This rebellion was put down with the help of the Russians.
+
+Last June a great patriotic celebration took place in Hungary, and this
+possibly roused the national feeling so strongly in the hearts of the
+Hungarians that it has made them a little more restless than usual.
+
+This celebration was called the Banderium, and was to celebrate the
+thousandth year of Hungary's existence as a kingdom.
+
+The nobles of Hungary met together in Buda-Pesth, the capital city of
+the country, and went in procession to the Houses of Parliament, and
+swore allegiance to the battered golden crown which Pope Sylvester II.
+had given to the first King of Hungary, one thousand years before.
+
+It was said to have been a most wonderful and stirring sight to see
+these nobles "dressed in the clothes their ancestors had worn, carrying
+the banners under which their grandfathers had fought, weeping with
+emotion around a battered golden crown," a relic of the days when their
+fatherland was great and powerful.
+
+The description given by Mr. Richard Harding Davis in _Scribner's
+Magazine_ for March, and from which we quote the above statement, gives
+a living picture of this grand festival. There can be little doubt that
+such an occasion must have roused the patriotism of these people to
+fever heat.
+
+Whether this be true or not, it is certain that the Hungarians have been
+harder to manage, and that their dislike of the Austrians has been
+steadily gaining strength.
+
+We spoke of a second cause of disagreement. It arises from a measure
+that was intended to conciliate the Hungarians.
+
+This measure was an imperial edict, ordering that every official, in the
+districts where Hungarian is spoken, must be able to speak both the
+German and Hungarian language within five years.
+
+This has given great offence to the German-speaking part of the
+population; they cannot see why they should be forced to learn
+Hungarian, and the Hungarians insist that no officials can properly
+govern a people unless they can speak their language.
+
+These two questions have set Hungary and Austria at variance with each
+other, and it is feared that Hungary may not be satisfied until she has
+severed herself from Austria, and once more become an independent
+kingdom.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There is fresh news from the Greater Republic of Central America.
+
+We told you on page 222 that Guatemala and Costa Rica would be glad to
+enter the federation, but could not do so without the full consent of
+their congresses.
+
+Word has reached us that Guatemala has signed the treaty which makes
+her a part of the new Republic.
+
+Costa Rica has not joined as yet. It seems that she has a little private
+feud on hand with Guatemala, and is not ready to make up her mind to
+join any federation that holds her enemy.
+
+She declares that she is the most prosperous of the five countries of
+Central America, and that she has nothing to gain by the federation. She
+does not believe that the new republic will be a permanent affair, and
+does not wish to join it until she feels more sure that it will be.
+
+To assure her of their good faith, the four other republics have offered
+to name President Iglesias of Costa Rica as the first President of the
+Diet which is to govern the republic. But Costa Rica still holds aloof
+from the combination.
+
+The object of the federation was to bring about a more settled state of
+affairs, and arrange for the friendly adjustment of all disputes with
+foreign countries.
+
+These five small republics, joined together with a common interest,
+should play a very important part in the affairs of Central America.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+South American affairs are still in a state of turmoil, and Argentina
+has now been drawn into the quarrel.
+
+It seems that the Argentine Republic is in sympathy with the rebels, and
+has sent filibustering expeditions of men and supplies to them.
+
+The Uruguayan Government became extremely indignant at this, and
+endeavored to put a stop to such proceedings by invading Argentina. A
+force of soldiers was landed on the coast of Argentina, and a vessel
+flying the flag of that country was sunk by the guns of the Uruguayan
+cruiser.
+
+Argentina immediately replied by sending one of her gunboats to the
+scene of action, and making preparations for war with Uruguay.
+
+In the mean while the rebels have been gaining victories both in Brazil
+and Uruguay. The fanatics under Conselhiero (see page 741) have beaten
+back the Brazilian troops, and have recaptured Canudos. The Uruguayan
+rebels, on their part, have defeated the Government troops at Rivera,
+inflicting heavy loss on them.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There is a movement on foot to erect a monument to the memory of Harriet
+Beecher Stowe, the well-known authoress, who died on March 5, 1897, at
+the age of eighty-five.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Mrs. Stowe did much for the advancement of American letters. Before she
+wrote "Uncle Tom's Cabin," story-writing was in its infancy in America.
+It is hard for young people to realize how the times have changed with
+the coming of the many magazines and papers that we have to-day. Balzac,
+Thackeray, Dickens, Dumas, and Hawthorne were publishing their wonderful
+romances at the time Mrs. Stowe appeared as an authoress. She wrote many
+other stories during her long life, although her fame rests very largely
+upon the one book, "Uncle Tom's Cabin," of which many hundreds of
+thousands of copies have been sold.
+
+                                               GENIE H. ROSENFELD.
+
+
+
+
+INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES.
+
+
+PNEUMATIC TIRE.--It is hard upon bicyclists that the early summer
+season, when everything should be most favorable for cycling, is just
+the time chosen to mend the country roads.
+
+Woe to the tires of the unwary cycler who comes suddenly upon such a
+mended road! There was one the other day, a lady, coming home hot and
+tired after a long run. She slackened her speed, gazed in despair at the
+wicked little sharp-pointed stones which lined her path for many yards
+to come, and finally, hot and tired as she was, she dismounted and
+carried her bicycle to a spot where the road was again worn to a
+comfortable smoothness.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+All cyclists meet with the same experience, and it has set the clever
+heads among tire-makers thinking how the inconvenience can be remedied.
+There are several new kinds of tires suggested, and one seems to be
+quite a good idea. It is to be composed of a series of inflated balls,
+with an outer rim to protect them from the stones, nails, etc., which
+are the nightmare of the bicycle-rider. In this way, should an accident
+happen to one ball, the others need not be in any way injured, and the
+horror of a punctured tire would be greatly lessened.
+
+
+SEWING-MACHINE THAT WILL CUT AND MAKE BUTTON-HOLES.--Here is an
+invention that will delight the girls.
+
+Our sewing-machines do so much of the work for us nowadays that one
+quite resents the idea, after a garment is otherwise completed, of
+sitting patiently down to make button-holes, just as our grandmothers
+used to do, and their grandmothers before them. Some one has come to the
+help of busy workers with a machine that has a double action. It not
+only sews button-holes but cuts them. It is provided with an appliance
+which stops the sewing while the hole is being cut, and again stops the
+cutting movement to give place to the sewing.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+This ought to be a great and successful invention.
+
+
+SILK MADE FROM WOOD-FIBRE.--A new process of making silk has just been
+put on the market, and if it is as successful as is claimed for it,
+silk may soon be as cheap as cotton.
+
+The secret was discovered by a Frenchman, but it was no accidental
+discovery--he only achieved his success after forty years of patient
+study.
+
+This Frenchman, Count Hilaire de Cordonnet, had watched and studied the
+work of the silkworm, and had long thought that there ought to be some
+simpler process of spinning silk than the tedious and complicated method
+employed by the worms.
+
+The Count had noticed the preference silkworms have for the leaves of
+the mulberry and osage-orange trees, and, after experimenting with these
+plants for some time, he decided that if he could reduce them to pulp
+and treat them in certain ways, the result would be silk-fibre. But the
+result was not altogether satisfactory. He found that something was
+wanting to make his silk like that the silkworm produced.
+
+He studied their work again, and found that they covered the fibre with
+a kind of gum, which gave it gloss and strength.
+
+After years of patient study he discovered the materials of which this
+gum was composed, and then made another trial to see whether he had not
+learned the secret at last.
+
+By the aid of machines he tore the plants bit from bit, until they were
+reduced to pulp, just as the insect reduced the leaves in the process of
+eating and swallowing.
+
+He then added the gum, and with the aid of more machinery spun out the
+threads of fibre, imitating the methods of the insect as closely as
+possible.
+
+This time the experiment proved a great success. His fibre silk was as
+strong, as glossy, and as brilliant as the silkworm silk, and had one
+advantage over it, that when woven into breadths it did not crease so
+readily.
+
+
+NEW CAR.--Here is a new form of street car which is interesting.
+
+The closed cars and the open cars have heretofore been made on different
+patterns, and the companies have had to provide two kinds of cars, one
+for summer and one for winter. This new car is built with movable sides,
+which can be taken out with ease.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The car companies should welcome this invention, for, if it is as simple
+and practical as it seems, it will save them large sums of money.
+
+                                               G.H.R.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+="The Great Round World" PRIZE CONTEST=
+
+
+THE GREAT ROUND WORLD is now over six months old, and it feels some
+anxiety to know just how much interest its readers have taken in the
+news and how much information they have gained from its pages. To
+ascertain this, it has been decided to offer ten prizes for the best
+answers to the following:
+
+     =Name ten of the most important events that have been mentioned in
+     "The Great Round World" in the first 30 numbers, that is, up to
+     number of June 3d.=
+
+     _In mentioning these events give briefly reasons for considering
+     them important._
+
+This competition will be open to subscribers only, and any one desiring
+to enter the competition must send to this office their name and the
+date of their subscription; a number will then be given them.
+
+All new subscribers will be furnished with a card entitling them to
+enter the competition.
+
+In making the selection of important events, remember that wars and
+political events are not necessarily the most important. If, for
+instance, the air-ship had turned out to be a genuine and successful
+thing, it would have been most important as affecting the history of the
+world. Or if by chance the telephone or telegraph had been invented in
+this period, these inventions would have been _important_ events.
+
+Prizes will be awarded to those who make the best selection and who
+mention the events in the best order of their importance. Answers may be
+sent in any time before September 1st.
+
+The Great Round World does not want you to hurry over this contest, but
+to take plenty of time and do the work carefully. It will be a pleasant
+occupation for the summer months.
+
+We would advise you to take the magazines starting at No. 1, look them
+over carefully, keep a note-book at your side, and jot down in it the
+events that seem to you important; when you have finished them all, No.
+1 to 30, look over your notes and select the ten events that seem to you
+to be the most important, stating after each event your reason for
+thinking it important.
+
+For instance: suppose you decide that the death of Dr. Ruiz was one of
+these important events, you might say, "The killing of Dr. Ruiz in the
+prison of Guanabacoa--because it brought the cruelties practised on
+American citizens to the attention of our Government," etc., etc.
+
+In sending your answers put your number and the date only on them, for
+the judges are not to know names and addresses of the contestants, that
+there may be no favoritism shown.
+
+It is important to put date on, for if two or more are found of similar
+standing, the one first received will be given preference.
+
+Address all letters to REVIEW PRIZE CONTEST DEPARTMENT,
+GREAT ROUND WORLD, 3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City.
+
+          _Write answer on one side of the paper only_
+     =Prizes will be selections from the premium catalogue=
+
+         No. 1. Premiums as given for 15 Subscriptions
+         No. 2.    "      "   "    "  12        "
+         No. 3.    "      "   "    "  10        "
+         No. 4.    "      "   "    "   9        "
+         No. 5.    "      "   "    "   8        "
+         No. 6.    "      "   "    "   7        "
+         No. 7.    "      "   "    "   5        "
+         No. 8.    "      "   "    "   5        "
+         No. 9.    "      "   "    "   5        "
+         No. 10.   "      "   "    "   5        "
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Do you Cover your Books?
+
+    THE "ONE PIECE"
+    ADJUSTABLE BOOK COVERS
+
+are made of the strongest and best book-cover paper obtainable. This paper
+is made in large quantities especially for these book covers and will
+protect books perfectly. The book covers themselves are a marvel of
+ingenuity, and, although they are in one piece and can be adjusted to fit
+perfectly any sized book without cutting the paper, they are also so
+simple that any boy or girl can use them; as they are already gummed they
+are always ready for use.
+
+A sample dozen will be mailed to any address for 20 cents (or ten two-cent
+stamps) if you write
+
+    WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON
+    3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+  A Good Agent
+    Wanted
+  In Every Town
+              for
+    "The Great Round World"
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=PREMIUM LIST=
+
+    In connection with our offer of any BICYCLE you wish for 100 new
+    subscriptions, we have prepared a
+
+=Premium Catalogue=
+
+    This contains a list of selected articles which will be given to
+    those who may obtain a smaller number of subscriptions
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Those who fail to secure the necessary number for the bicycle may make
+selection from this catalogue.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    =Copy mailed on receipt of 5c.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD=
+    =3 & 5 West 18th St, New York City=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is
+Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 35, July 8, 1897, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
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+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 35, July 8, 1897, by Julia Truitt Bishop.
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On
+In It, Vol. 1, No. 35, July 8, 1897, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 35, July 8, 1897
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop
+
+Release Date: May 7, 2005 [EBook #15785]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter"><a href="./images/cover.png"><img src="./images/cover-tb.png" alt="Cover Illustration, Globe" title="Cover Illustration, Globe" /></a></div>
+<div class='center'><b>Copyright, 1897, by <span class='smcap'>William Beverley Harison</span></b></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+<div class="figcenter"><a href="./images/golf.png"><img src="./images/golf-tb.png" alt="Golf Clubs" title="Golf Clubs" /></a></div>
+
+
+<h2>To any one sending us 2 new subscribers</h2>
+
+<div class="center">we will send, express paid, any one of<br />
+the golf sticks shown in cut. .. .. .. .. </div>
+
+<div class='blockquot'><b>THESE ARE THE MOST APPROVED SHAPES AND STYLES AND ARE MADE IN THE BEST
+POSSIBLE MANNER</b></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 15%;' />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 12.5em;"><b>2</b> special golf balls may be had for</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 18.5em;">. . . <b>1</b></span><span class="u">new subscription</span></p>
+
+<hr style='width: 15%;' />
+
+<div class="center"><span class='smcap'><b>THE GREAT ROUND WORLD</b></span><br />
+<b>3 &amp; 5 West 18th St.,  &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; New York City</b></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+
+<div class='blockquot'><i>Subscribers going out of town will please notify us as early as
+possible of proposed change of address, in order to save delay in
+receipt of magazines</i></div>
+
+<h4><i>THE GREAT ROUND WORLD</i></h4>
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+
+<h3>S.T.A. Vertical Writing Pens</h3>
+
+<p class="figcenter"><a href="./images/verticalpens.png"><img src="./images/verticalpens-tb.png" alt="Vertical Pens" title="Vertical Pens" /></a></p>
+
+<p class='center'><b>PRICES:</b><br />
+<b>Per Gross, $1.00; Per Dozen</b> (samples), <b>10 Cents</b></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Vertical writing demands a commercial pen. The &quot;S.T.A.&quot; pens are strictly
+a commercial pen, made after the famous models designed by John Jackson,
+originator of the</p>
+
+<p class='center'>
+&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;<i>System of Upright Writing.</i>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>The desirability of teaching children, boys especially, to write with such
+a pen as they will use in after life will be recognized by every good
+teacher.</p></div>
+
+<div class='center'><i>Introduced into the Schools of Denver, Colo., and elsewhere.</i></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+
+<h2>The Second Bound Volume</h2>
+
+<h4>OF</h4>
+
+<h3>THE GREAT ROUND WORLD</h3>
+
+<h4>(Containing Nos. 16 to 30)</h4>
+
+<h3><span class="u">IS NOW READY</span></h3>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot">Handsomely bound in strong cloth, with title on side and back. Price,
+postage paid, $1.25. Subscribers may exchange their numbers by sending
+them to us (express paid) with 35 cents to cover cost of binding, and 10
+cents for return carriage.</div>
+
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Address</span></p>
+
+<div class='center'><i>3 and 5 West 18th Street,&middot; &middot; &middot; &middot; &middot; New York City</i><br /><br /><br /></div>
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+<h4>AS A</h4>
+<h2>SPECIAL INDUCEMENT
+</h2>
+
+<div class="blockquot">for our subscribers to interest others in &quot;The Great Round
+    World,&quot; we will give to each subscriber who sends us $2.50 to
+    pay for a year's subscription to a new name, a copy of</div>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/randmcnalley.png" alt="Rand, McNalley amp; Co.'s 1897 Atlas of the World." title="Rand, McNalley amp; Co.'s 1897 Atlas of the World." /></div>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><b>160 pages of colored maps from new plates, size 11 1/2 x 14
+    inches, printed on special paper with marginal index, and well
+    worth its regular price&mdash;&mdash; $2.50.</b></div>
+
+
+<p>Every one has some sort of an atlas, doubtless, but an old atlas is no
+better than an old directory; countries do not move away, as do people,
+but they do change and our knowledge of them increases, and this atlas,
+made in 1897 from <b>new</b> plates, is perfect and up to date and covers every
+point on</p>
+
+<h3>The Great Round World.</h3>
+
+<p>Those not subscribers should secure the subscription of a friend and remit
+$5 to cover it and their own. A copy of the atlas will be sent to either
+address.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class='center'>GREAT ROUND WORLD,</div>
+
+<div class='center'><i>3 and 5 West 18th Street, &middot; &middot; &middot; &middot; &middot; &middot; &middot; &middot;New York City.</i></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/title.png" alt="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" title="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" /></p>
+
+<div class='center'><b><span class='smcap'>Vol.</span> 1 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp;  <span class='smcap'>July</span> 8, 1897. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp;  <span class='smcap'>No.</span> 35</b></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<p>England has been spending a very busy week celebrating the Queen's
+Jubilee.</p>
+
+<p>On such occasions, when the attention of the world is centred upon a
+country, it seems to be the custom to publish startling rumors, to keep
+up the excitement.</p>
+
+<p>The Jubilee has been no exception to this rule. The wildest reports have
+been circulated.</p>
+
+<p>One account declared that the Queen was totally blind, and would not be
+able to enjoy any of the festivities prepared in her honor.</p>
+
+<p>This was promptly contradicted, but was soon revived with the addition
+that the story was "strictly true," but that London was hushing it up
+until the Jubilee was over.</p>
+
+<p>Following closely on the heels of this came a new story, that Queen
+Victoria was about to abdicate. This story stated that the Prince of
+Wales would not be crowned King while his mother lived, but would occupy
+the throne.</p>
+
+<p>Abdication is the act of giving up or relinquishing the right to hold an
+office. It is the same as resigning, but <a name="Page_994" id="Page_994"></a>the word is almost without
+exception used in the case of a sovereign or ruler of a country.</p>
+
+<p>Abdication should be an act of free will on the part of the person who
+resigns.</p>
+
+<p>Queen Liliuokalani claims that she is still the rightful Queen of
+Hawaii, because, though she signed an act of abdication, she says, she
+did not do it of her own free will, but was forced to sign by the
+present government of the islands.</p>
+
+<p>As to the story of Queen Victoria's abdicating: she is now seventy-eight
+years old, and she may well be wearied with the cares of government, but
+she cannot abdicate unless Parliament is willing that she shall do so.</p>
+
+<p>England has, in the past, had many troubles brought upon her by unwise,
+weak, or wicked kings, and when James II. fled to France the English
+people felt they had had enough ill treatment at the hands of kings, and
+determined to take away absolute power from future kings.</p>
+
+<p>The people had some cause to be afraid of too much power in the hands of
+the king at that time, for James II. was the son of Charles I., who had
+so mismanaged the country that the people finally had him beheaded. He
+was also the brother of Charles II., who had been called to the throne
+after the death of Cromwell, and who had spent the years of his reign in
+every kind of folly and wickedness. The English people made up their
+minds to stand no nonsense from James; so, when he showed himself
+utterly incapable of ruling the country, the nobles invited William of
+Orange, the husband of James' daughter Mary, to occupy the throne.</p><p><a name="Page_995" id="Page_995"></a></p>
+
+<p>When his last hope was gone, and he saw that he would be obliged to fly
+the country, James showed the people how wise they had been to get rid
+of him.</p>
+
+<p>He had dissolved Parliament and disbanded the army, so that there was no
+form of government in the country, no army to preserve order, and, as he
+thought, no possibility of calling a government together, because he had
+thrown the Great Seal into the Thames River, without which and his
+signature, as he supposed, no acts would be legal.</p>
+
+<p>James II., sworn to protect and preserve the rights of the English
+people, tried by these acts to hand them over to anarchy and mob-rule.</p>
+
+<p>But Cromwell had given the people some lessons in governing without the
+help of kings, and so Parliament overcame these difficulties, as you
+will see if you read the history of England.</p>
+
+<p>Because of the difficulties the King had caused, Parliament passed
+certain new laws, limiting the power of the sovereign.</p>
+
+<p>The sovereign of England therefore rules subject to the will of the
+people, and it is said that the British government is one of the most
+perfect forms of republican government existing.</p>
+
+<p>The Jubilee festivities began Sunday, June 20th, the actual sixtieth
+anniversary of the Queen's accession to the throne. This was celebrated
+by thanksgiving services throughout the entire kingdom and its colonies;
+the Queen and her family, the Members of Parliament, and the officials
+throughout the kingdom and the colonies, attending divine service.</p>
+
+<p>On Monday Her Majesty went to Buckingham Palace, her London residence,
+and received the notable <a name="Page_996" id="Page_996"></a>foreigners who had come to do her honor, and
+the officers of her various governments throughout the world.</p>
+
+<p>Tuesday was the day of the great procession, when the Queen rode in
+state through London to take part in the public thanksgiving at St.
+Paul's Cathedral.</p>
+
+<p>This service was held on the steps of the Cathedral, the Queen remaining
+in her carriage, surrounded by her family, her guests, and the
+soldiers&mdash;joining in the service of praise with her people.</p>
+
+<p>It must have been an impressive ceremony&mdash;in the midst of a vast throng
+of princes, nobles, and soldiers in splendid uniforms, this quiet little
+old lady in black, listening with bowed head to the prayers, and then
+raising her face to smile on her people. The prayers being over, the
+crowds, that had silently watched the service, with one voice joined in
+the fine old anthem, "God Save the Queen."</p>
+
+<p>The Queen was escorted to and from the cathedral by the most brilliant
+array of princes this century has seen. Thirty-six princes, representing
+nearly every monarch on earth, rode three by three to escort Victoria.</p>
+
+<p>Before leaving Buckingham Palace to go to St. Paul's, the Queen sent a
+message of thanks to every part of her vast empire. Arrangements had
+been made that Her Majesty should personally despatch these telegrams;
+wires had been laid and everything arranged, so that when she pressed
+the button in the palace the telegrams were sent forth to her colonies,
+straight from the royal hand. In three hours replies had been received
+from all but three of the forty-three colonies to which her message had
+been despatched.</p><p><a name="Page_997" id="Page_997"></a></p>
+
+<p>The Jubilee celebrations were continued through the week, with state
+dinners and concerts, and an address from the Parliament on Wednesday; a
+visit to Eton College, the royal school, on Thursday; a review of the
+fire brigades on Friday, and of the navy on Saturday. A pretty busy week
+for a person of seventy-eight years.</p>
+
+<p>The celebration was considered very remarkable as a demonstration of
+naval and military strength.</p>
+
+<p>Fifty thousand troops marched in line on Tuesday, and at the naval
+review England was represented by more war-vessels than any other power
+possesses.</p>
+
+<p>Troops had been sent from British colonies in Asia, Africa, North and
+South America, and Oceanica. From all quarters of the globe people of
+many races, colors, and languages came together to acknowledge Victoria
+as their Queen.</p>
+
+<p>The Jubilee week must have been a proud season for Englishmen&mdash;they had
+a fine opportunity to show the world the power of their great empire.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The Irish members of Parliament persisted in their refusal to join in
+the Jubilee ceremonies.</p>
+
+<p>When it was proposed in the House of Commons that an address of
+congratulation be sent to the Queen, the Irish members made a scene.</p>
+
+<p>They protested against any message being sent, unless it contained a
+statement that during the sixty years of Victoria's reign Ireland had
+been subject to much suffering and deprived of her rights, and that
+therefore the Irish members of Parliament were dissatisfied and unable
+to join in the celebrations.</p><p><a name="Page_998" id="Page_998"></a></p>
+
+<p>The House of Commons would not entertain this, and a motion was passed
+that the address should be sent to the Queen.</p>
+
+<p>The Irish members continued their protests after the vote had been
+taken, declaring it false and absurd to present the address when it did
+not express the sentiment of the House, but only of a portion of it.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>Captain Boycott has just died. You are probably familiar with the name,
+and with the meaning of the word "boycott," but it may interest you to
+know what a very young word it is, only seventeen years old, having been
+coined in 1880, and that it derives its origin from this very Captain
+Boycott who has just passed away.</p>
+
+<p>He was a captain in the English army. After a while he sold out his
+commission, and settled down as a farmer in Connemara, Ireland. He
+became the agent of an Irish landlord named Lord Erne, and it was his
+duty to manage the estate, see to the sowing and gathering of crops,
+keep the houses on the property in repair, and collect the rents from
+the tenants.</p>
+
+<p>The Irish had long been complaining that their rents were too heavy, and
+that their landlords did nothing for them in return for the money
+collected. There was a good deal of truth in these complaints; the
+landlords hardly ever went near their estates, and seemed to care only
+for the money they got from the tenants. The whole conduct of affairs
+was left in the hands of the agents, who were obliged to grind the money
+out of the tenants to supply the wants of their masters.</p>
+
+<p>It does not appear that Captain Boycott was more <a name="Page_999" id="Page_999"></a>severe than other
+agents, but he does seem to have been less in sympathy with the
+peasants.</p>
+
+<p>There had been a long period of bad harvests followed by a famine, and
+the tenants could not pay their rents. They begged that their back rent
+might be forgiven them, and their future rents lowered.</p>
+
+<p>All over Ireland similar demands were being made. Irish agitators, as
+they were called, were holding meetings all over the country, advising
+the peasants to make these demands. Among the men who addressed the
+people were Charles Stewart Parnell, John Dillon, and Michael Davitt,
+all members of Parliament.</p>
+
+<p>Excitement had run so high that the peasants had murdered several agents
+who refused their demands.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Parnell and his friends urged the people not to commit crimes, but
+to refuse to pay the rents demanded.</p>
+
+<p>These leaders bade the people stop buying from, selling to, or working
+for any landlord who refused to listen to their demands, and to prevent
+others from having any dealings with them.</p>
+
+<p>This is what is called "boycotting." Captain Boycott was its first
+victim. He not only refused to lower the rents, but, according to the
+story of the peasants, he reduced the wages of his laborers by a system
+of petty fines.</p>
+
+<p>Acting on Mr. Parnell's advice, the laborers refused to work for him,
+and the tenants refused to have any dealings with him.</p>
+
+<p>It was harvest-time, but the crops were left rotting in the fields,
+because no one would lend a hand to gather them. The farm servants left
+the farm, and <a name="Page_1000" id="Page_1000"></a>there was no one to feed the cattle or milk the cows. The
+country people round would sell neither food, clothes, nor medicines to
+any of the family.</p>
+
+<p>The peasants cut Captain Boycott off from the rest of the world, and
+kept him thus isolated until the Government had to interfere.</p>
+
+<p>A gang of laborers was sent down, under the escort of a troop of
+soldiers, and gathered in the crops, and when the work was done, under
+the protection of the soldiers, the Captain and his family were taken
+from their home and safely guarded until they reached Dublin.</p>
+
+<p>In describing this most extraordinary affair there was no word which
+properly applied to it, and so the word "boycotting" was coined, after
+the man who first suffered from the system, and in the new editions of
+the dictionaries "boycott" and "boycotting" appear as regular words of
+the English language.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>We may have an Arbitration Treaty with England after all.</p>
+
+<p>President McKinley is in favor of an understanding between England and
+the United States, and it is said that a new treaty has been prepared.</p>
+
+<p>Sir Julian Pauncefote has refused to take any steps in the matter until
+the United States has made a formal offer to his Government, but it is
+understood that he is as much in favor of the arrangement as the
+President.</p>
+
+<p>The new treaty will differ in many respects from the one prepared by Mr.
+Olney. It will be expressly stated that all matters relating to the
+Nicaragua Canal and the Monroe Doctrine shall not be included as
+subjects <a name="Page_1001" id="Page_1001"></a>for arbitration. (For Monroe Doctrine, see p. 210.)</p>
+
+<p>It is intended to find out the feeling of the Senate toward the measure
+before the new treaty is signed. A second refusal to ratify might make
+bad feeling between the two countries.</p>
+
+<p>It is not expected that the new treaty will be sent to the Senate before
+December.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The terms of peace between Turkey and Greece have not yet been agreed
+upon, nor has the amount of money which Greece must pay been finally
+decided.</p>
+
+<p>It is rumored that it will be about twenty-three million dollars, which
+is the largest sum that Greece is able to pay. It is also reported that
+Turkey is now willing to give up Thessaly without further trouble.</p>
+
+<p>This may be true, but Turkey is posting guns on the mountains that mark
+the frontier between Greece and Turkey, and is despatching additional
+troops there.</p>
+
+<p>An announcement has also been made that the Sultan has formed twenty
+more cavalry regiments, and has raised the number of soldiers to be
+recruited for the Turkish army to seven hundred thousand, which gives
+him an immense number of fighting men at his command.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>Little progress has been made with Cuban affairs, but they are still
+moving slowly forward.</p>
+
+<p>The Liberal party in the Spanish Cortes has declared itself in favor of
+honest reforms in Cuba.</p>
+
+<p>This party, which is led by Se&ntilde;or Sagasta, thinks <a name="Page_1002" id="Page_1002"></a>that the reforms
+offered by Canovas, the Prime Minister, are not sufficient to pacify the
+insurgents. They think that a Commissioner should be sent out by Spain,
+to insure to the Cubans real home rule, and bring peace and prosperity
+back to the island.</p>
+
+<p>The Liberals say that the first step in the direction of peace must be
+the recall of General Weyler, and that the horrors of his rule must be
+stopped at once.</p>
+
+<p>Se&ntilde;or Comas, who had his ears boxed by the Duke of Tetuan, belongs to
+this Liberal party. His friends are still so incensed at this insult
+that they have issued a manifesto, refusing to have any relations with
+the Government so long as the Duke remains in power.</p>
+
+<p>This disagreement in the Cortes is a very serious thing for Spain. At
+this moment, when there is so much dissatisfaction over the expenses of
+the Cuban war and constant fears of a Carlist rising are entertained, it
+is most necessary that the two parties should agree.</p>
+
+<p>The fear of a Carlist rising is growing stronger. Only the other day a
+large store of rifles and ammunition was found in a house in Barcelona,
+one of the large cities of Spain. They had been stored there to be in
+readiness for the Carlists.</p>
+
+<p>Don Carlos has announced that if he secures the throne of Spain, it is
+his intention to give home rule to Cuba; and the Spanish people are so
+tired of the war, and the taxes, poverty, and sorrow that it has brought
+with it, that this statement brought many friends to his cause.</p>
+
+<p>General Woodford is known to have sympathized with the Cubans in their
+last struggle for liberty, and <a name="Page_1003" id="Page_1003"></a>to have made some very severe speeches
+against Spain at that time.</p>
+
+<p>The Madrid papers have mentioned this fact, and it is thought that the
+Queen Regent may object to his appointment.</p>
+
+<p>In the mean while some strange plans have been offered as a solution of
+the difficulty.</p>
+
+<p>From Washington comes a report that the Sugar Trust has offered to buy
+Cuba, and keep it as a vast sugar plantation.</p>
+
+<p>Gomez is reported to have said that Cuba does not want the United States
+to go to war with Spain for her sake. All she asks is that she shall be
+granted belligerent rights, and be allowed to buy and ship her supplies
+without interference.</p>
+
+<p>The Morgan Resolution (for granting these rights) has not yet passed the
+House.</p>
+
+<p>Some of the Senators who are anxious that it shall be passed declare
+that they will force the House to consider it, by putting off action on
+the Tariff Bill until the Cuban Resolutions are brought before the
+House.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>It seems that the <i>Dauntless</i> has met the usual fate of sinners.</p>
+
+<p>She made a successful trip to Cuba after her release from custody, and,
+returning to this country, took on another forbidden cargo.</p>
+
+<p>She escaped the cruiser <i>Vesuvius</i> by hiding herself among the Florida
+Keys, but fate overtook her; her boiler burst while she was off Indian
+Key, and she was easily captured by the cutter <i>McLean</i>.</p>
+
+<p>This time she will probably not escape so easily.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' /><p><a name="Page_1004" id="Page_1004"></a></p>
+
+<p>When the President sent the Hawaiian Annexation Treaty to the Senate, he
+sent with it a message, giving reasons why the annexation of Hawaii
+seems advisable.</p>
+
+<p>His message stated that the idea of joining the two countries together
+is no new one, that all our dealings with the Sandwich Islands for the
+past three-quarters of a century have been leading toward this point,
+and that for seventy years the government of the Hawaiian Islands has
+leaned on the friendship of the United States, and annexation would be
+only the natural outcome of the existing relations.</p>
+
+<p>The Treaty has been published. It provides, in addition to the clauses
+regarding the debt and the public lands (about which we told you last
+week), that all existing treaties between Hawaii and foreign nations
+shall cease, and that no further immigration of Chinese shall be allowed
+to Hawaii, nor shall any of the Chinamen at present living in the
+Hawaiian Islands be allowed to visit the United States.</p>
+
+<p>These two clauses are objected to by both the Chinese and the Japanese.
+China declares that if Hawaii is annexed it will become a part of the
+United States, and protests that Chinamen living in Hawaii shall
+therefore have the same right to come to the United States that they
+have to journey from one State to another.</p>
+
+<p>Japan has entered a formal protest against the annexation.</p>
+
+<p>She claims that she has perpetual treaty rights with Hawaii; that is to
+say, that her treaties can never be ended. She declares that the
+Annexation Treaty must not have any clause cancelling existing treaties
+with <a name="Page_1005" id="Page_1005"></a>other nations. Such a clause would seriously damage her interests.</p>
+
+<p>This protest from Japan comes in some degree from injured feelings.</p>
+
+<p>Japan complains that throughout her disagreement with Hawaii she
+recognized the interests of the United States, and caused copies of all
+papers relating to the matter to be sent from her embassy to this
+Government.</p>
+
+<p>Despite this courtesy on her part, she was kept in complete ignorance of
+the Annexation Treaty. When rumors of such an arrangement reached her
+minister, he went to the State Department to make inquiries, and claims
+that Mr. Sherman did not give satisfactory answers, but seemed purposely
+trying to keep Japan in ignorance of the true state of the case.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Sherman replied to this protest that there can be no such thing as a
+perpetual treaty.</p>
+
+<p>According to his point of view, a treaty, no matter how strongly drawn,
+must end when one of the countries that made it ceases to be a nation
+any longer. Should the Senate ratify the treaty, Hawaii will become a
+part of the United States, her life as a nation will be at an end, and
+her treaties will cease with her.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Sherman reminds Japan of the treaty between Japan and the United
+States that will go into effect in 1899, and which will give her the
+same privileges she had with Hawaii. He adds that if she is not content
+to wait the two years till the United States treaty begins, arrangements
+can be made to cover the intervening period.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' /><p><a name="Page_1006" id="Page_1006"></a></p>
+
+<p>There is a good deal of gossip over the fact that Mr. Sherman put his
+signature to the Annexation Treaty.</p>
+
+<p>From various speeches in the Senate, and from statements in his memoirs,
+it was believed that he was strongly opposed to the annexation of
+Hawaii. It is rumored, indeed, that Queen Liliuokalani based her
+strongest hopes of regaining her throne on the belief that the Secretary
+of State was opposed to the treaty and would use his influence to
+prevent its being ratified.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Sherman, however, states that while he was opposed to such a step at
+one time, the trouble between Hawaii and Japan has caused him to change
+his mind, and he now thinks annexation will be most desirable for all
+parties concerned.</p>
+
+<p>The ex-Queen of the Sandwich Islands, Liliuokalani, has also sent in her
+protest against the Treaty. She objects because "her people," as she
+calls the Hawaiians, have not been consulted, and also because no
+provision has been made for her.</p>
+
+<p>This protest has been filed in the State Department, and will be
+attended to in due course.</p>
+
+<p>Notice of our intentions with regard to Hawaii has been sent to the
+various foreign powers, and so far no other protest has been received.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>Christian Ross, the broken-hearted father of Charlie Ross, has just died
+in Philadelphia.</p>
+
+<p>You are all probably familiar with the story of little Charlie Ross, who
+was stolen away from his home; but it seems well to tell it you again,
+for it may serve as a warning against making chance acquaintances in the
+street.</p><p><a name="Page_1007" id="Page_1007"></a></p>
+
+<p>Charlie Ross and his brother Walter were playing in front of their home
+in Germantown, Pa., when two men drove by in a buggy. The men promised
+the boys a ride if they would walk up to the top of the hill on which
+the house stood.</p>
+
+<p>The boys ran gladly up the hill, and then, when they were safely out of
+sight of the house, the two men took them up and drove off with them.</p>
+
+<p>They gave them candy, and kept the boys happy and amused until they
+reached the town. Here they gave the older boy, Walter, a quarter to go
+and buy some more candy, and while he was in the store drove off with
+Charlie.</p>
+
+<p>All this happened twenty-three years ago, but from that day to this
+Charlie Ross has never been found.</p>
+
+<p>His father was frantic with grief, and a careful search was made for the
+child, but no traces of him could be found.</p>
+
+<p>Some days after Charlie had been stolen, a letter was brought to his
+father, saying that the boy was being held for ransom, and would be
+returned to his father on the payment of twenty thousand dollars.</p>
+
+<p>This money was raised, and would have been paid to the brigands, but
+that the police stepped in and insisted upon their right to manage the
+case.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Ross had been warned against allowing the police to interfere. The
+thieves had written to him that if he did so they would kill the boy.</p>
+
+<p>The Mayor of Philadelphia offered the enormous reward of twenty thousand
+dollars for the recovery of the boy and the arrest of the persons who
+had stolen him. Notices of this were printed in every language, and sent
+all over the world; but though numbers of <a name="Page_1008" id="Page_1008"></a>people were working to gain
+the great reward, Charlie Ross has never been found.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>We told you last week of the new volcano which has appeared in Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>The shocks have done a great deal of damage. The town of Tehuantepec has
+been completely destroyed, and the people are living in tents on the
+outskirts of the place.</p>
+
+<p>Tremblings of the earth still continue to be felt along the Pacific
+Coast, and the people are terror-stricken.</p>
+
+<p>One very severe shock was felt in San Francisco, but little damage
+resulted from it. Some of the California towns have, however, suffered
+severely.</p>
+
+<p>Nature seems to be playing some strange tricks this year.</p>
+
+<p>The French people have been treated to a cyclone.</p>
+
+<p>They seemed to be really indignant over the visitation. They had always
+considered that cyclones were American institutions, and never expected
+that they would follow the example of American people and find their way
+to Paris.</p>
+
+<p>This storm was a regular Westerner, sweeping down everything in its
+path, blowing houses over, and destroying things generally.</p>
+
+<p>Having spent part of its rage in France, it rushed across the English
+Channel, raising such a gale there that many vessels were wrecked, both
+on the English and French shores.</p>
+
+<p>The storm crossed England and reached the Irish Channel, where it again
+played havoc with the shipping. Admiral Lord Nelson's flag-ship, the
+<i>Foudroyant</i>, was <a name="Page_1009" id="Page_1009"></a>anchored off Liverpool. It had been touring up and
+down the coast as a show-ship. The storm put an end to its journeyings
+forever. It was caught in the gale, driven ashore, and is now a total
+wreck.</p>
+
+<p>If such storms are repeated, we shall have to tell our European cousins
+how they manage tornadoes and cyclones out West.</p>
+
+<p>In the State of Kansas, tornadoes are more dreaded than fires, and the
+Kansas children are taught a tornado drill as our Eastern children are
+taught a fire drill.</p>
+
+<p>According to the statements we receive, the citizens take to the
+prairies the moment a tornado strikes a Kansas town. As the children
+cannot run as fast as the grown-ups, they have often been caught and
+injured by the terrible storms before they could escape.</p>
+
+<p>To prevent such accidents in the future, some one decided to build
+tornado caves under the schoolhouses. These caves are large enough to
+shelter all the children while the blow lasts, and the scholars are
+regularly drilled in the methods of reaching these caves quickly and in
+good order.</p>
+
+<p>The teacher sounds the alarm, and instantly the pupils stand up, and to
+the music of their own singing march down the stairs and into the cave.</p>
+
+<p>Then, let the tornado rage as it will, they are safe.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The tailors' strike is over, and has resulted in a victory for the
+strikers.</p>
+
+<p>The contractors have signed the new agreement, and most of the tailors
+are now back at their work.</p>
+
+<p>This victory means a great deal to the workers. Their period of labor
+will be reduced from fifteen <a name="Page_1010" id="Page_1010"></a>hours a day to ten, and by the new scale
+of wages they will be able to earn from $10 to $18 a week, instead of
+from $5 to $10 as formerly.</p>
+
+<p>The leader of the strike, Meyer Shoenfeld, has been working so hard in
+the interests of his fellow-laborers that he is quite ill. At one of the
+last meetings of the strikers he broke down in the midst of a speech he
+was making, and was unable to continue.</p>
+
+<p>When he heard that the contractors were about to sign, he insisted on
+getting out of his sick-bed and going to the meeting, to make sure
+everything was being properly arranged.</p>
+
+<p>The success of the strikers will cause a slight increase in the price of
+ready-made clothes, but few are likely to begrudge this when they
+realize what an increase of comfort it means to the poor workers.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>Austria and Hungary are not getting along as well as they might.</p>
+
+<p>There are two reasons for this unfriendly feeling.</p>
+
+<p>One is that Austria has asked Hungary to pay a larger proportion of the
+common expenses of the two countries. It was arranged that Hungary
+should pay thirty per cent. of these expenses, and Austria the other
+seventy per cent., because Austria was much larger and wealthier than
+the sister land.</p>
+
+<p>Since these arrangements were made Hungary has become exceedingly
+prosperous, and Austria now asks her to pay thirty-seven per cent. of
+the expenses instead of the former thirty per cent.</p>
+
+<p>Hungary will not listen to any arguments on the subject, and threatens
+to separate herself from Austria.</p><p><a name="Page_1011" id="Page_1011"></a></p>
+
+<p>These two countries are governed by one sovereign, and, like Sweden and
+Norway, or the various States of our own country, have each their own
+local government, but are united on all matters of foreign affairs,
+national defences, tariff, etc.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter"><a href="./images/23.png"><img src="./images/23-tb.png" alt="Soldiers" title="Soldiers" /></a></div>
+
+<p>The Hungarians and Austrians are, however, people of very different
+races, and, in spite of the years they have been joined under one
+federal government, they have never grown to like each other.</p>
+
+<p>The Hungarians are Magyars, and were originally of Asiatic origin. They
+are a fierce, fiery race. The Austrians come of the same stock as the
+Germans, and are of a much milder temperament.</p>
+
+<p>Hungary is a conquered country. In the fourteenth and fifteenth
+centuries it was a very great kingdom, but in the sixteenth century its
+power declined, and, the <a name="Page_1012" id="Page_1012"></a>king having died, Turkey and Austria fought
+for the possession of the crown, Austria eventually gaining the day.</p>
+
+<p>Ferdinand I., a prince of the Austrian House of Hapsburg, was declared
+King of Hungary, and ever since then the Emperor of Austria has been
+crowned King of Hungary.</p>
+
+<p>The Hungarians have never felt satisfied with the Austrian rule, and
+have frequently revolted. The last rising was in 1848, under Louis
+Kossuth. This rebellion was put down with the help of the Russians.</p>
+
+<p>Last June a great patriotic celebration took place in Hungary, and this
+possibly roused the national feeling so strongly in the hearts of the
+Hungarians that it has made them a little more restless than usual.</p>
+
+<p>This celebration was called the Banderium, and was to celebrate the
+thousandth year of Hungary's existence as a kingdom.</p>
+
+<p>The nobles of Hungary met together in Buda-Pesth, the capital city of
+the country, and went in procession to the Houses of Parliament, and
+swore allegiance to the battered golden crown which Pope Sylvester II.
+had given to the first King of Hungary, one thousand years before.</p>
+
+<p>It was said to have been a most wonderful and stirring sight to see
+these nobles "dressed in the clothes their ancestors had worn, carrying
+the banners under which their grandfathers had fought, weeping with
+emotion around a battered golden crown," a relic of the days when their
+fatherland was great and powerful.</p>
+
+<p>The description given by Mr. Richard Harding Davis in <i>Scribner's
+Magazine</i> for March, and from which <a name="Page_1013" id="Page_1013"></a>we quote the above statement, gives
+a living picture of this grand festival. There can be little doubt that
+such an occasion must have roused the patriotism of these people to
+fever heat.</p>
+
+<p>Whether this be true or not, it is certain that the Hungarians have been
+harder to manage, and that their dislike of the Austrians has been
+steadily gaining strength.</p>
+
+<p>We spoke of a second cause of disagreement. It arises from a measure
+that was intended to conciliate the Hungarians.</p>
+
+<p>This measure was an imperial edict, ordering that every official, in the
+districts where Hungarian is spoken, must be able to speak both the
+German and Hungarian language within five years.</p>
+
+<p>This has given great offence to the German-speaking part of the
+population; they cannot see why they should be forced to learn
+Hungarian, and the Hungarians insist that no officials can properly
+govern a people unless they can speak their language.</p>
+
+<p>These two questions have set Hungary and Austria at variance with each
+other, and it is feared that Hungary may not be satisfied until she has
+severed herself from Austria, and once more become an independent
+kingdom.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>There is fresh news from the Greater Republic of Central America.</p>
+
+<p>We told you on page 222 that Guatemala and Costa Rica would be glad to
+enter the federation, but could not do so without the full consent of
+their congresses.</p>
+
+<p>Word has reached us that Guatemala has signed <a name="Page_1014" id="Page_1014"></a>the treaty which makes
+her a part of the new Republic.</p>
+
+<p>Costa Rica has not joined as yet. It seems that she has a little private
+feud on hand with Guatemala, and is not ready to make up her mind to
+join any federation that holds her enemy.</p>
+
+<p>She declares that she is the most prosperous of the five countries of
+Central America, and that she has nothing to gain by the federation. She
+does not believe that the new republic will be a permanent affair, and
+does not wish to join it until she feels more sure that it will be.</p>
+
+<p>To assure her of their good faith, the four other republics have offered
+to name President Iglesias of Costa Rica as the first President of the
+Diet which is to govern the republic. But Costa Rica still holds aloof
+from the combination.</p>
+
+<p>The object of the federation was to bring about a more settled state of
+affairs, and arrange for the friendly adjustment of all disputes with
+foreign countries.</p>
+
+<p>These five small republics, joined together with a common interest,
+should play a very important part in the affairs of Central America.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>South American affairs are still in a state of turmoil, and Argentina
+has now been drawn into the quarrel.</p>
+
+<p>It seems that the Argentine Republic is in sympathy with the rebels, and
+has sent filibustering expeditions of men and supplies to them.</p>
+
+<p>The Uruguayan Government became extremely indignant at this, and
+endeavored to put a stop to such <a name="Page_1015" id="Page_1015"></a>proceedings by invading Argentina. A
+force of soldiers was landed on the coast of Argentina, and a vessel
+flying the flag of that country was sunk by the guns of the Uruguayan
+cruiser.</p>
+
+<p>Argentina immediately replied by sending one of her gunboats to the
+scene of action, and making preparations for war with Uruguay.</p>
+
+<p>In the mean while the rebels have been gaining victories both in Brazil
+and Uruguay. The fanatics under Conselhiero (see page 741) have beaten
+back the Brazilian troops, and have recaptured Canudos. The Uruguayan
+rebels, on their part, have defeated the Government troops at Rivera,
+inflicting heavy loss on them.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>There is a movement on foot to erect a monument to the memory of Harriet
+Beecher Stowe, the well-known <a name="Page_1016" id="Page_1016"></a>authoress, who died on March 5, 1897, at
+the age of eighty-five.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter"><a href="./images/27.png"><img src="./images/27-tb.png" alt="Harriet Beecher Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe" /></a></div>
+
+<p>Mrs. Stowe did much for the advancement of American letters. Before she
+wrote "Uncle Tom's Cabin," story-writing was in its infancy in America.
+It is hard for young people to realize how the times have changed with
+the coming of the many magazines and papers that we have to-day. Balzac,
+Thackeray, Dickens, Dumas, and Hawthorne were publishing their wonderful
+romances at the time Mrs. Stowe appeared as an authoress. She wrote many
+other stories during her long life, although her fame rests very largely
+upon the one book, "Uncle Tom's Cabin," of which many hundreds of
+thousands of copies have been sold.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 22em;">G</span><span class="smcap">enie H. Rosenfeld.</span><br />
+</p><p><a name="Page_1017" id="Page_1017"></a></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES.</h2>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Pneumatic Tire</span>.&mdash;It is hard upon bicyclists that the early
+summer season, when everything should be most favorable for cycling, is
+just the time chosen to mend the country roads.</p>
+
+<p>Woe to the tires of the unwary cycler who comes suddenly upon such a
+mended road! There was one the other day, a lady, coming home hot and
+tired after a long run. She slackened her speed, gazed in despair at the
+wicked little sharp-pointed stones which lined her path for many yards
+to come, and finally, hot and tired as she was, she dismounted and
+carried her bicycle to a spot where the road was again worn to a
+comfortable smoothness.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter"><a href="./images/29.png"><img src="./images/29-tb.png" alt="Pneumatic Tire" title="Pneumatic Tire" /></a></div>
+
+<p>All cyclists meet with the same experience, and it has set the clever
+heads among tire-makers thinking how the inconvenience can be remedied.
+There are several new kinds of tires suggested, and one seems to be
+quite a good idea. It is to be composed of a series of inflated balls,
+with an outer rim to protect them from the stones, nails, etc., which
+are the nightmare of the bicycle-rider. In this way, should an accident
+happen to one ball, the others need not be in any way injured, and the
+horror of a punctured tire would be greatly lessened.</p><p><a name="Page_1018" id="Page_1018"></a></p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Sewing-Machine that will Cut and Make Button-Holes</span>.&mdash;Here is an
+invention that will delight the girls.</p>
+
+<p>Our sewing-machines do so much of the work for us nowadays that one
+quite resents the idea, after a garment is otherwise completed, of
+sitting patiently down to make button-holes, just as our grandmothers
+used to do, and their grandmothers before them. Some one has come to the
+help of busy workers with a machine that has a double action. It not
+only sews button-holes but cuts them. It is provided with an appliance
+which stops the sewing while the hole is being cut, and again stops the
+cutting movement to give place to the sewing.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter"><a href="./images/30.png"><img src="./images/30-tb.png" alt="Sewing Machine" title="Sewing Machine" /></a></div>
+
+<p>This ought to be a great and successful invention.<br /><br /></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Silk Made from Wood-fibre</span>.&mdash;A new process of making silk has
+just been put on the market, and if it <a name="Page_1019" id="Page_1019"></a>is as successful as is claimed
+for it, silk may soon be as cheap as cotton.</p>
+
+<p>The secret was discovered by a Frenchman, but it was no accidental
+discovery&mdash;he only achieved his success after forty years of patient
+study.</p>
+
+<p>This Frenchman, Count Hilaire de Cordonnet, had watched and studied the
+work of the silkworm, and had long thought that there ought to be some
+simpler process of spinning silk than the tedious and complicated method
+employed by the worms.</p>
+
+<p>The Count had noticed the preference silkworms have for the leaves of
+the mulberry and osage-orange trees, and, after experimenting with these
+plants for some time, he decided that if he could reduce them to pulp
+and treat them in certain ways, the result would be silk-fibre. But the
+result was not altogether satisfactory. He found that something was
+wanting to make his silk like that the silkworm produced.</p>
+
+<p>He studied their work again, and found that they covered the fibre with
+a kind of gum, which gave it gloss and strength.</p>
+
+<p>After years of patient study he discovered the materials of which this
+gum was composed, and then made another trial to see whether he had not
+learned the secret at last.</p>
+
+<p>By the aid of machines he tore the plants bit from bit, until they were
+reduced to pulp, just as the insect reduced the leaves in the process of
+eating and swallowing.</p>
+
+<p>He then added the gum, and with the aid of more machinery spun out the
+threads of fibre, imitating the methods of the insect as closely as
+possible.</p>
+
+<p>This time the experiment proved a great success. His <a name="Page_1020" id="Page_1020"></a>fibre silk was as
+strong, as glossy, and as brilliant as the silkworm silk, and had one
+advantage over it, that when woven into breadths it did not crease so
+readily.<br /><br /></p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">New Car</span>.&mdash;Here is a new form of street car which is
+interesting.</p>
+
+<p>The closed cars and the open cars have heretofore been made on different
+patterns, and the companies have had to provide two kinds of cars, one
+for summer and one for winter. This new car is built with movable sides,
+which can be taken out with ease.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter"><a href="./images/32.png"><img src="./images/32-tb.png" alt="Streetcar" title="Streetcar" /></a></div>
+
+
+<p>The car companies should welcome this invention, for, if it is as simple
+and practical as it seems, it will save them large sums of money.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 22em;">G.H.R.</span><br />
+</p><p><a name="Page_1021" id="Page_1021"></a></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>"The Great Round World" PRIZE CONTEST</h2>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span> is now over six months old, and it feels
+some anxiety to know just how much interest its readers have taken in
+the news and how much information they have gained from its pages. To
+ascertain this, it has been decided to offer ten prizes for the best
+answers to the following:</p>
+
+<div class='center'><span class='u'><b>Name ten of the most important events that have been mentioned in "The
+Great Round World" in the first 30 numbers, that is, up to number of
+June 3d.</b></span></div>
+
+<div class='center'><i>In mentioning these events give briefly reasons for considering them
+important.</i></div>
+
+<p>This competition will be open to subscribers only, and any one desiring
+to enter the competition must send to this office their name and the
+date of their subscription; a number will then be given them.</p>
+
+<p>All new subscribers will be furnished with a card entitling them to
+enter the competition.</p>
+
+<p>In making the selection of important events, remember that wars and
+political events are not necessarily the most important. If, for
+instance, the air-ship had turned out to be a genuine and successful
+thing, it would have been most important as affecting the history of the
+world. Or if by chance the telephone or telegraph had been invented in
+this period, these inventions would have been <i>important</i> events.</p>
+
+<p>Prizes will be awarded to those who make the best selection and who
+mention the events in the best order of their importance. Answers may be
+sent in any time before September 1st.</p>
+
+<p>The Great Round World does not want you to hurry over this contest, but
+to take plenty of time and do the work carefully. It will be a pleasant
+occupation for the summer months.</p>
+
+<p>We would advise you to take the magazines starting at No. 1, look them
+over carefully, keep a note-book at your side, and jot down in it the
+events that seem to you important; when you have finished them all, No.
+1 to 30, look over your notes and select the ten events that seem to you
+to be the most important, stating after each event your reason for
+thinking it important.</p>
+
+<p>For instance: suppose you decide that the death of Dr. Ruiz was one of
+these important events, you might say, "The killing of Dr. Ruiz in the
+prison of Guanabacoa&mdash;because it brought the cruelties practised on
+American citizens to the attention of our Government," etc., etc.</p>
+
+<p>In sending your answers put your number and the date only on them, for
+the judges are not to know names and addresses of the contestants, that
+there may be no favoritism shown.</p>
+
+<p>It is important to put date on, for if two or more are found of similar
+standing, the one first received will be given preference.</p>
+
+<p>Address all letters to REVIEW PRIZE CONTEST DEPARTMENT,
+<span class="smcap">Great Round World</span>, 3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City.</p>
+
+<div class='center'><i>Write answer on one side of the paper only</i></div>
+
+<div class='center'><b>Prizes will be selections from the premium catalogue</b></div>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Prizes">
+<tr><td align='left'>No. 1.</td>
+<td align='left'>Premiums</td>
+<td align='left'>&nbsp; as</td>
+<td align='left'>&nbsp;given</td>
+<td align='left'>&nbsp;for</td>
+<td align='left'>&nbsp;15</td>
+<td align='left'>&nbsp;Subscriptions</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>No. 2.</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='right'>12</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>No. 3.</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='right'>10</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>No. 4.</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='right'>9</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>No. 5.</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='right'>8</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>No. 6.</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='right'>7</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>No. 7.</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='right'>5</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>No. 8.</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='right'>5</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>No. 9.</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='right'>5</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>No. 10.</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td>
+<td align='right'>5</td>
+<td align='center'>&quot;</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/bookcover.png" alt="Do you Cover your Books?" title="Do you Cover your Books?" /></p>
+
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 22em;">THE &quot;ONE PIECE&quot;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 22em;">ADJUSTABLE BOOK COVERS</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>are made of the strongest and best book-cover paper obtainable. This paper
+is made in large quantities especially for these book covers and will
+protect books perfectly. The book covers themselves are a marvel of
+ingenuity, and, although they are in one piece and can be adjusted to fit
+perfectly any sized book without cutting the paper, they are also so
+simple that any boy or girl can use them; as they are already gummed they
+are always ready for use.</p>
+
+<p>A sample dozen will be mailed to any address for 20 cents (or ten two-cent
+stamps) if you write</p>
+
+<p class='center'>
+<b>WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON</b><br />
+<b>3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City</b>
+</p>
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+
+
+
+<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/agent.png" alt="A Good Agent Wanted in Every Town For The Great Round World" title="A Good Agent Wanted in Every Town For The Great Round World" /></div>
+
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+<h2>PREMIUM LIST</h2>
+
+<div class="center"><span class="u">In connection with our offer of<br />
+any BICYCLE you wish for 100 <br />new
+subscriptions, we have prepared a</span></div>
+
+<h3>Premium Catalogue</h3>
+
+<div class="center"><span class="u">This contains a list of selected <br />
+articles which will be given <br />
+to those who may obtain a smaller <br />
+number of subscriptions.</span></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/premiumlist.png" alt="divider" title="divider" /></div>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Those who fail to secure the necessary number for the bicycle may make
+selection from this catalogue.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 15%;' />
+<div class='center'><b>Copy mailed on receipt of 5c.</b></div>
+<hr style='width: 15%;' />
+<div class="center"><span class='smcap'><b>THE GREAT ROUND WORLD</b></span><br />
+<b>3 &amp; 5 West 18th St., New York City</b></div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is
+Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 35, July 8, 1897, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
+***** This file should be named 15785-h.htm or 15785-h.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
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@@ -0,0 +1,1535 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On
+In It, Vol. 1, No. 35, July 8, 1897, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 35, July 8, 1897
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop
+
+Release Date: May 7, 2005 [EBook #15785]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+_FIVE CENTS._
+
+THE GREAT ROUND WORLD
+AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT
+
+  Vol. 1                JUNE 3, 1897                No. 30.
+[Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second class matter]
+
+[Illustration: A
+WEEKLY
+NEWSPAPER
+FOR
+BOYS AND
+GIRLS]
+
+Subscription
+$2.50 per year
+$1.25 6 months
+
+
+    WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON. PUBLISHER
+    NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY
+
+=Copyright, 1897, by WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration:
+     WOODEN PUTTER
+     BRASSIE SPOON
+     BRASSIE NIBLICK
+     DRIVER
+     CLEEK
+     IRON
+     LOFTING IRON
+     MASHIE
+     NIBLICK
+     IRON PUTTER]
+
+     =To any one sending us 2 new subscribers=
+
+     we will send, express paid, any one of the golf sticks shown in
+     cut...
+
+=These are the most approved shapes and styles and are made in the best
+possible manner=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     =2= special golf balls may be had for
+                   ... =1= new subscription
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD=
+     =3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     _Subscribers going out of town will please notify us as early as
+     possible of proposed change of address, in order to save delay in
+     receipt of magazines_
+
+     _THE GREAT ROUND WORLD_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=S.T.A. Vertical Writing Pens=
+
+[Illustration]
+
+     =PRICES:=
+
+     =Per Gross, $1.00; Per Dozen= (samples), =10 Cents=
+
+Vertical writing demands a commercial pen. The "S.T.A." pens are strictly
+a commercial pen, made after the famous models designed by John Jackson,
+originator of the
+
+     ------_System of Upright Writing._------
+
+The desirability of teaching children, boys especially, to write with such
+a pen as they will use in after life will be recognized by every good
+teacher.
+
+     _Introduced into the Schools of Denver, Colo., and elsewhere._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=The Second Bound Volume=
+
+OF
+
+=THE GREAT ROUND WORLD=
+
+(Containing Nos. 16 to 30)
+
+=IS NOW READY=
+
+     Handsomely bound in strong cloth, with title on side and back.
+     Price, postage paid, $1.25. Subscribers may exchange their numbers
+     by sending them to us (express paid) with 35 cents to cover cost of
+     binding, and 10 cents for return carriage.
+
+
+  Address
+=_3 and 5 West 18th Street, . . . . . . New York City_=
+
+    AS A
+    =SPECIAL INDUCEMENT=
+
+    for our subscribers to interest others in "The Great Round
+    World," we will give to each subscriber who sends us $2.50 to
+    pay for a year's subscription to a new name, a copy of
+
+    =Rand, McNally & Co.=
+      =1897 Atlas of the World.=
+
+    =160 pages of colored maps from new plates, size 11 1/2 x 14
+    inches, printed on special paper with marginal index, and well
+    worth its regular price - - - - $2.50.=
+
+
+Every one has some sort of an atlas, doubtless, but an old atlas is no
+better than an old directory; countries do not move away, as do people,
+but they do change and our knowledge of them increases, and this atlas,
+made in 1897 from =new= plates, is perfect and up to date and covers every
+point on
+
+    =The Great Round World.=
+
+Those not subscribers should secure the subscription of a friend and remit
+$5 to cover it and their own. A copy of the atlas will be sent to either
+address.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GREAT ROUND WORLD,
+_3 and 5 West 18th Street, . . . . . . . .New York City._
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND
+WORLD
+AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.]
+
+    VOL. 1   JULY 8, 1897.   NO. 35
+
+
+England has been spending a very busy week celebrating the Queen's
+Jubilee.
+
+On such occasions, when the attention of the world is centred upon a
+country, it seems to be the custom to publish startling rumors, to keep
+up the excitement.
+
+The Jubilee has been no exception to this rule. The wildest reports have
+been circulated.
+
+One account declared that the Queen was totally blind, and would not be
+able to enjoy any of the festivities prepared in her honor.
+
+This was promptly contradicted, but was soon revived with the addition
+that the story was "strictly true," but that London was hushing it up
+until the Jubilee was over.
+
+Following closely on the heels of this came a new story, that Queen
+Victoria was about to abdicate. This story stated that the Prince of
+Wales would not be crowned King while his mother lived, but would occupy
+the throne.
+
+Abdication is the act of giving up or relinquishing the right to hold an
+office. It is the same as resigning, but the word is almost without
+exception used in the case of a sovereign or ruler of a country.
+
+Abdication should be an act of free will on the part of the person who
+resigns.
+
+Queen Liliuokalani claims that she is still the rightful Queen of
+Hawaii, because, though she signed an act of abdication, she says, she
+did not do it of her own free will, but was forced to sign by the
+present government of the islands.
+
+As to the story of Queen Victoria's abdicating: she is now seventy-eight
+years old, and she may well be wearied with the cares of government, but
+she cannot abdicate unless Parliament is willing that she shall do so.
+
+England has, in the past, had many troubles brought upon her by unwise,
+weak, or wicked kings, and when James II. fled to France the English
+people felt they had had enough ill treatment at the hands of kings, and
+determined to take away absolute power from future kings.
+
+The people had some cause to be afraid of too much power in the hands of
+the king at that time, for James II. was the son of Charles I., who had
+so mismanaged the country that the people finally had him beheaded. He
+was also the brother of Charles II., who had been called to the throne
+after the death of Cromwell, and who had spent the years of his reign in
+every kind of folly and wickedness. The English people made up their
+minds to stand no nonsense from James; so, when he showed himself
+utterly incapable of ruling the country, the nobles invited William of
+Orange, the husband of James' daughter Mary, to occupy the throne.
+
+When his last hope was gone, and he saw that he would be obliged to fly
+the country, James showed the people how wise they had been to get rid
+of him.
+
+He had dissolved Parliament and disbanded the army, so that there was no
+form of government in the country, no army to preserve order, and, as he
+thought, no possibility of calling a government together, because he had
+thrown the Great Seal into the Thames River, without which and his
+signature, as he supposed, no acts would be legal.
+
+James II., sworn to protect and preserve the rights of the English
+people, tried by these acts to hand them over to anarchy and mob-rule.
+
+But Cromwell had given the people some lessons in governing without the
+help of kings, and so Parliament overcame these difficulties, as you
+will see if you read the history of England.
+
+Because of the difficulties the King had caused, Parliament passed
+certain new laws, limiting the power of the sovereign.
+
+The sovereign of England therefore rules subject to the will of the
+people, and it is said that the British government is one of the most
+perfect forms of republican government existing.
+
+The Jubilee festivities began Sunday, June 20th, the actual sixtieth
+anniversary of the Queen's accession to the throne. This was celebrated
+by thanksgiving services throughout the entire kingdom and its colonies;
+the Queen and her family, the Members of Parliament, and the officials
+throughout the kingdom and the colonies, attending divine service.
+
+On Monday Her Majesty went to Buckingham Palace, her London residence,
+and received the notable foreigners who had come to do her honor, and
+the officers of her various governments throughout the world.
+
+Tuesday was the day of the great procession, when the Queen rode in
+state through London to take part in the public thanksgiving at St.
+Paul's Cathedral.
+
+This service was held on the steps of the Cathedral, the Queen remaining
+in her carriage, surrounded by her family, her guests, and the
+soldiers--joining in the service of praise with her people.
+
+It must have been an impressive ceremony--in the midst of a vast throng
+of princes, nobles, and soldiers in splendid uniforms, this quiet little
+old lady in black, listening with bowed head to the prayers, and then
+raising her face to smile on her people. The prayers being over, the
+crowds, that had silently watched the service, with one voice joined in
+the fine old anthem, "God Save the Queen."
+
+The Queen was escorted to and from the cathedral by the most brilliant
+array of princes this century has seen. Thirty-six princes, representing
+nearly every monarch on earth, rode three by three to escort Victoria.
+
+Before leaving Buckingham Palace to go to St. Paul's, the Queen sent a
+message of thanks to every part of her vast empire. Arrangements had
+been made that Her Majesty should personally despatch these telegrams;
+wires had been laid and everything arranged, so that when she pressed
+the button in the palace the telegrams were sent forth to her colonies,
+straight from the royal hand. In three hours replies had been received
+from all but three of the forty-three colonies to which her message had
+been despatched.
+
+The Jubilee celebrations were continued through the week, with state
+dinners and concerts, and an address from the Parliament on Wednesday; a
+visit to Eton College, the royal school, on Thursday; a review of the
+fire brigades on Friday, and of the navy on Saturday. A pretty busy week
+for a person of seventy-eight years.
+
+The celebration was considered very remarkable as a demonstration of
+naval and military strength.
+
+Fifty thousand troops marched in line on Tuesday, and at the naval
+review England was represented by more war-vessels than any other power
+possesses.
+
+Troops had been sent from British colonies in Asia, Africa, North and
+South America, and Oceanica. From all quarters of the globe people of
+many races, colors, and languages came together to acknowledge Victoria
+as their Queen.
+
+The Jubilee week must have been a proud season for Englishmen--they had
+a fine opportunity to show the world the power of their great empire.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Irish members of Parliament persisted in their refusal to join in
+the Jubilee ceremonies.
+
+When it was proposed in the House of Commons that an address of
+congratulation be sent to the Queen, the Irish members made a scene.
+
+They protested against any message being sent, unless it contained a
+statement that during the sixty years of Victoria's reign Ireland had
+been subject to much suffering and deprived of her rights, and that
+therefore the Irish members of Parliament were dissatisfied and unable
+to join in the celebrations.
+
+The House of Commons would not entertain this, and a motion was passed
+that the address should be sent to the Queen.
+
+The Irish members continued their protests after the vote had been
+taken, declaring it false and absurd to present the address when it did
+not express the sentiment of the House, but only of a portion of it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Captain Boycott has just died. You are probably familiar with the name,
+and with the meaning of the word "boycott," but it may interest you to
+know what a very young word it is, only seventeen years old, having been
+coined in 1880, and that it derives its origin from this very Captain
+Boycott who has just passed away.
+
+He was a captain in the English army. After a while he sold out his
+commission, and settled down as a farmer in Connemara, Ireland. He
+became the agent of an Irish landlord named Lord Erne, and it was his
+duty to manage the estate, see to the sowing and gathering of crops,
+keep the houses on the property in repair, and collect the rents from
+the tenants.
+
+The Irish had long been complaining that their rents were too heavy, and
+that their landlords did nothing for them in return for the money
+collected. There was a good deal of truth in these complaints; the
+landlords hardly ever went near their estates, and seemed to care only
+for the money they got from the tenants. The whole conduct of affairs
+was left in the hands of the agents, who were obliged to grind the money
+out of the tenants to supply the wants of their masters.
+
+It does not appear that Captain Boycott was more severe than other
+agents, but he does seem to have been less in sympathy with the
+peasants.
+
+There had been a long period of bad harvests followed by a famine, and
+the tenants could not pay their rents. They begged that their back rent
+might be forgiven them, and their future rents lowered.
+
+All over Ireland similar demands were being made. Irish agitators, as
+they were called, were holding meetings all over the country, advising
+the peasants to make these demands. Among the men who addressed the
+people were Charles Stewart Parnell, John Dillon, and Michael Davitt,
+all members of Parliament.
+
+Excitement had run so high that the peasants had murdered several agents
+who refused their demands.
+
+Mr. Parnell and his friends urged the people not to commit crimes, but
+to refuse to pay the rents demanded.
+
+These leaders bade the people stop buying from, selling to, or working
+for any landlord who refused to listen to their demands, and to prevent
+others from having any dealings with them.
+
+This is what is called "boycotting." Captain Boycott was its first
+victim. He not only refused to lower the rents, but, according to the
+story of the peasants, he reduced the wages of his laborers by a system
+of petty fines.
+
+Acting on Mr. Parnell's advice, the laborers refused to work for him,
+and the tenants refused to have any dealings with him.
+
+It was harvest-time, but the crops were left rotting in the fields,
+because no one would lend a hand to gather them. The farm servants left
+the farm, and there was no one to feed the cattle or milk the cows. The
+country people round would sell neither food, clothes, nor medicines to
+any of the family.
+
+The peasants cut Captain Boycott off from the rest of the world, and
+kept him thus isolated until the Government had to interfere.
+
+A gang of laborers was sent down, under the escort of a troop of
+soldiers, and gathered in the crops, and when the work was done, under
+the protection of the soldiers, the Captain and his family were taken
+from their home and safely guarded until they reached Dublin.
+
+In describing this most extraordinary affair there was no word which
+properly applied to it, and so the word "boycotting" was coined, after
+the man who first suffered from the system, and in the new editions of
+the dictionaries "boycott" and "boycotting" appear as regular words of
+the English language.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We may have an Arbitration Treaty with England after all.
+
+President McKinley is in favor of an understanding between England and
+the United States, and it is said that a new treaty has been prepared.
+
+Sir Julian Pauncefote has refused to take any steps in the matter until
+the United States has made a formal offer to his Government, but it is
+understood that he is as much in favor of the arrangement as the
+President.
+
+The new treaty will differ in many respects from the one prepared by Mr.
+Olney. It will be expressly stated that all matters relating to the
+Nicaragua Canal and the Monroe Doctrine shall not be included as
+subjects for arbitration. (For Monroe Doctrine, see p. 210.)
+
+It is intended to find out the feeling of the Senate toward the measure
+before the new treaty is signed. A second refusal to ratify might make
+bad feeling between the two countries.
+
+It is not expected that the new treaty will be sent to the Senate before
+December.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The terms of peace between Turkey and Greece have not yet been agreed
+upon, nor has the amount of money which Greece must pay been finally
+decided.
+
+It is rumored that it will be about twenty-three million dollars, which
+is the largest sum that Greece is able to pay. It is also reported that
+Turkey is now willing to give up Thessaly without further trouble.
+
+This may be true, but Turkey is posting guns on the mountains that mark
+the frontier between Greece and Turkey, and is despatching additional
+troops there.
+
+An announcement has also been made that the Sultan has formed twenty
+more cavalry regiments, and has raised the number of soldiers to be
+recruited for the Turkish army to seven hundred thousand, which gives
+him an immense number of fighting men at his command.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Little progress has been made with Cuban affairs, but they are still
+moving slowly forward.
+
+The Liberal party in the Spanish Cortes has declared itself in favor of
+honest reforms in Cuba.
+
+This party, which is led by Senor Sagasta, thinks that the reforms
+offered by Canovas, the Prime Minister, are not sufficient to pacify the
+insurgents. They think that a Commissioner should be sent out by Spain,
+to insure to the Cubans real home rule, and bring peace and prosperity
+back to the island.
+
+The Liberals say that the first step in the direction of peace must be
+the recall of General Weyler, and that the horrors of his rule must be
+stopped at once.
+
+Senor Comas, who had his ears boxed by the Duke of Tetuan, belongs to
+this Liberal party. His friends are still so incensed at this insult
+that they have issued a manifesto, refusing to have any relations with
+the Government so long as the Duke remains in power.
+
+This disagreement in the Cortes is a very serious thing for Spain. At
+this moment, when there is so much dissatisfaction over the expenses of
+the Cuban war and constant fears of a Carlist rising are entertained, it
+is most necessary that the two parties should agree.
+
+The fear of a Carlist rising is growing stronger. Only the other day a
+large store of rifles and ammunition was found in a house in Barcelona,
+one of the large cities of Spain. They had been stored there to be in
+readiness for the Carlists.
+
+Don Carlos has announced that if he secures the throne of Spain, it is
+his intention to give home rule to Cuba; and the Spanish people are so
+tired of the war, and the taxes, poverty, and sorrow that it has brought
+with it, that this statement brought many friends to his cause.
+
+General Woodford is known to have sympathized with the Cubans in their
+last struggle for liberty, and to have made some very severe speeches
+against Spain at that time.
+
+The Madrid papers have mentioned this fact, and it is thought that the
+Queen Regent may object to his appointment.
+
+In the mean while some strange plans have been offered as a solution of
+the difficulty.
+
+From Washington comes a report that the Sugar Trust has offered to buy
+Cuba, and keep it as a vast sugar plantation.
+
+Gomez is reported to have said that Cuba does not want the United States
+to go to war with Spain for her sake. All she asks is that she shall be
+granted belligerent rights, and be allowed to buy and ship her supplies
+without interference.
+
+The Morgan Resolution (for granting these rights) has not yet passed the
+House.
+
+Some of the Senators who are anxious that it shall be passed declare
+that they will force the House to consider it, by putting off action on
+the Tariff Bill until the Cuban Resolutions are brought before the
+House.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It seems that the _Dauntless_ has met the usual fate of sinners.
+
+She made a successful trip to Cuba after her release from custody, and,
+returning to this country, took on another forbidden cargo.
+
+She escaped the cruiser _Vesuvius_ by hiding herself among the Florida
+Keys, but fate overtook her; her boiler burst while she was off Indian
+Key, and she was easily captured by the cutter _McLean_.
+
+This time she will probably not escape so easily.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+When the President sent the Hawaiian Annexation Treaty to the Senate, he
+sent with it a message, giving reasons why the annexation of Hawaii
+seems advisable.
+
+His message stated that the idea of joining the two countries together
+is no new one, that all our dealings with the Sandwich Islands for the
+past three-quarters of a century have been leading toward this point,
+and that for seventy years the government of the Hawaiian Islands has
+leaned on the friendship of the United States, and annexation would be
+only the natural outcome of the existing relations.
+
+The Treaty has been published. It provides, in addition to the clauses
+regarding the debt and the public lands (about which we told you last
+week), that all existing treaties between Hawaii and foreign nations
+shall cease, and that no further immigration of Chinese shall be allowed
+to Hawaii, nor shall any of the Chinamen at present living in the
+Hawaiian Islands be allowed to visit the United States.
+
+These two clauses are objected to by both the Chinese and the Japanese.
+China declares that if Hawaii is annexed it will become a part of the
+United States, and protests that Chinamen living in Hawaii shall
+therefore have the same right to come to the United States that they
+have to journey from one State to another.
+
+Japan has entered a formal protest against the annexation.
+
+She claims that she has perpetual treaty rights with Hawaii; that is to
+say, that her treaties can never be ended. She declares that the
+Annexation Treaty must not have any clause cancelling existing treaties
+with other nations. Such a clause would seriously damage her interests.
+
+This protest from Japan comes in some degree from injured feelings.
+
+Japan complains that throughout her disagreement with Hawaii she
+recognized the interests of the United States, and caused copies of all
+papers relating to the matter to be sent from her embassy to this
+Government.
+
+Despite this courtesy on her part, she was kept in complete ignorance of
+the Annexation Treaty. When rumors of such an arrangement reached her
+minister, he went to the State Department to make inquiries, and claims
+that Mr. Sherman did not give satisfactory answers, but seemed purposely
+trying to keep Japan in ignorance of the true state of the case.
+
+Mr. Sherman replied to this protest that there can be no such thing as a
+perpetual treaty.
+
+According to his point of view, a treaty, no matter how strongly drawn,
+must end when one of the countries that made it ceases to be a nation
+any longer. Should the Senate ratify the treaty, Hawaii will become a
+part of the United States, her life as a nation will be at an end, and
+her treaties will cease with her.
+
+Mr. Sherman reminds Japan of the treaty between Japan and the United
+States that will go into effect in 1899, and which will give her the
+same privileges she had with Hawaii. He adds that if she is not content
+to wait the two years till the United States treaty begins, arrangements
+can be made to cover the intervening period.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There is a good deal of gossip over the fact that Mr. Sherman put his
+signature to the Annexation Treaty.
+
+From various speeches in the Senate, and from statements in his memoirs,
+it was believed that he was strongly opposed to the annexation of
+Hawaii. It is rumored, indeed, that Queen Liliuokalani based her
+strongest hopes of regaining her throne on the belief that the Secretary
+of State was opposed to the treaty and would use his influence to
+prevent its being ratified.
+
+Mr. Sherman, however, states that while he was opposed to such a step at
+one time, the trouble between Hawaii and Japan has caused him to change
+his mind, and he now thinks annexation will be most desirable for all
+parties concerned.
+
+The ex-Queen of the Sandwich Islands, Liliuokalani, has also sent in her
+protest against the Treaty. She objects because "her people," as she
+calls the Hawaiians, have not been consulted, and also because no
+provision has been made for her.
+
+This protest has been filed in the State Department, and will be
+attended to in due course.
+
+Notice of our intentions with regard to Hawaii has been sent to the
+various foreign powers, and so far no other protest has been received.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Christian Ross, the broken-hearted father of Charlie Ross, has just died
+in Philadelphia.
+
+You are all probably familiar with the story of little Charlie Ross, who
+was stolen away from his home; but it seems well to tell it you again,
+for it may serve as a warning against making chance acquaintances in the
+street.
+
+Charlie Ross and his brother Walter were playing in front of their home
+in Germantown, Pa., when two men drove by in a buggy. The men promised
+the boys a ride if they would walk up to the top of the hill on which
+the house stood.
+
+The boys ran gladly up the hill, and then, when they were safely out of
+sight of the house, the two men took them up and drove off with them.
+
+They gave them candy, and kept the boys happy and amused until they
+reached the town. Here they gave the older boy, Walter, a quarter to go
+and buy some more candy, and while he was in the store drove off with
+Charlie.
+
+All this happened twenty-three years ago, but from that day to this
+Charlie Ross has never been found.
+
+His father was frantic with grief, and a careful search was made for the
+child, but no traces of him could be found.
+
+Some days after Charlie had been stolen, a letter was brought to his
+father, saying that the boy was being held for ransom, and would be
+returned to his father on the payment of twenty thousand dollars.
+
+This money was raised, and would have been paid to the brigands, but
+that the police stepped in and insisted upon their right to manage the
+case.
+
+Mr. Ross had been warned against allowing the police to interfere. The
+thieves had written to him that if he did so they would kill the boy.
+
+The Mayor of Philadelphia offered the enormous reward of twenty thousand
+dollars for the recovery of the boy and the arrest of the persons who
+had stolen him. Notices of this were printed in every language, and sent
+all over the world; but though numbers of people were working to gain
+the great reward, Charlie Ross has never been found.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We told you last week of the new volcano which has appeared in Mexico.
+
+The shocks have done a great deal of damage. The town of Tehuantepec has
+been completely destroyed, and the people are living in tents on the
+outskirts of the place.
+
+Tremblings of the earth still continue to be felt along the Pacific
+Coast, and the people are terror-stricken.
+
+One very severe shock was felt in San Francisco, but little damage
+resulted from it. Some of the California towns have, however, suffered
+severely.
+
+Nature seems to be playing some strange tricks this year.
+
+The French people have been treated to a cyclone.
+
+They seemed to be really indignant over the visitation. They had always
+considered that cyclones were American institutions, and never expected
+that they would follow the example of American people and find their way
+to Paris.
+
+This storm was a regular Westerner, sweeping down everything in its
+path, blowing houses over, and destroying things generally.
+
+Having spent part of its rage in France, it rushed across the English
+Channel, raising such a gale there that many vessels were wrecked, both
+on the English and French shores.
+
+The storm crossed England and reached the Irish Channel, where it again
+played havoc with the shipping. Admiral Lord Nelson's flag-ship, the
+_Foudroyant_, was anchored off Liverpool. It had been touring up and
+down the coast as a show-ship. The storm put an end to its journeyings
+forever. It was caught in the gale, driven ashore, and is now a total
+wreck.
+
+If such storms are repeated, we shall have to tell our European cousins
+how they manage tornadoes and cyclones out West.
+
+In the State of Kansas, tornadoes are more dreaded than fires, and the
+Kansas children are taught a tornado drill as our Eastern children are
+taught a fire drill.
+
+According to the statements we receive, the citizens take to the
+prairies the moment a tornado strikes a Kansas town. As the children
+cannot run as fast as the grown-ups, they have often been caught and
+injured by the terrible storms before they could escape.
+
+To prevent such accidents in the future, some one decided to build
+tornado caves under the schoolhouses. These caves are large enough to
+shelter all the children while the blow lasts, and the scholars are
+regularly drilled in the methods of reaching these caves quickly and in
+good order.
+
+The teacher sounds the alarm, and instantly the pupils stand up, and to
+the music of their own singing march down the stairs and into the cave.
+
+Then, let the tornado rage as it will, they are safe.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The tailors' strike is over, and has resulted in a victory for the
+strikers.
+
+The contractors have signed the new agreement, and most of the tailors
+are now back at their work.
+
+This victory means a great deal to the workers. Their period of labor
+will be reduced from fifteen hours a day to ten, and by the new scale
+of wages they will be able to earn from $10 to $18 a week, instead of
+from $5 to $10 as formerly.
+
+The leader of the strike, Meyer Shoenfeld, has been working so hard in
+the interests of his fellow-laborers that he is quite ill. At one of the
+last meetings of the strikers he broke down in the midst of a speech he
+was making, and was unable to continue.
+
+When he heard that the contractors were about to sign, he insisted on
+getting out of his sick-bed and going to the meeting, to make sure
+everything was being properly arranged.
+
+The success of the strikers will cause a slight increase in the price of
+ready-made clothes, but few are likely to begrudge this when they
+realize what an increase of comfort it means to the poor workers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Austria and Hungary are not getting along as well as they might.
+
+There are two reasons for this unfriendly feeling.
+
+One is that Austria has asked Hungary to pay a larger proportion of the
+common expenses of the two countries. It was arranged that Hungary
+should pay thirty per cent. of these expenses, and Austria the other
+seventy per cent., because Austria was much larger and wealthier than
+the sister land.
+
+Since these arrangements were made Hungary has become exceedingly
+prosperous, and Austria now asks her to pay thirty-seven per cent. of
+the expenses instead of the former thirty per cent.
+
+Hungary will not listen to any arguments on the subject, and threatens
+to separate herself from Austria.
+
+These two countries are governed by one sovereign, and, like Sweden and
+Norway, or the various States of our own country, have each their own
+local government, but are united on all matters of foreign affairs,
+national defences, tariff, etc.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The Hungarians and Austrians are, however, people of very different
+races, and, in spite of the years they have been joined under one
+federal government, they have never grown to like each other.
+
+The Hungarians are Magyars, and were originally of Asiatic origin. They
+are a fierce, fiery race. The Austrians come of the same stock as the
+Germans, and are of a much milder temperament.
+
+Hungary is a conquered country. In the fourteenth and fifteenth
+centuries it was a very great kingdom, but in the sixteenth century its
+power declined, and, the king having died, Turkey and Austria fought
+for the possession of the crown, Austria eventually gaining the day.
+
+Ferdinand I., a prince of the Austrian House of Hapsburg, was declared
+King of Hungary, and ever since then the Emperor of Austria has been
+crowned King of Hungary.
+
+The Hungarians have never felt satisfied with the Austrian rule, and
+have frequently revolted. The last rising was in 1848, under Louis
+Kossuth. This rebellion was put down with the help of the Russians.
+
+Last June a great patriotic celebration took place in Hungary, and this
+possibly roused the national feeling so strongly in the hearts of the
+Hungarians that it has made them a little more restless than usual.
+
+This celebration was called the Banderium, and was to celebrate the
+thousandth year of Hungary's existence as a kingdom.
+
+The nobles of Hungary met together in Buda-Pesth, the capital city of
+the country, and went in procession to the Houses of Parliament, and
+swore allegiance to the battered golden crown which Pope Sylvester II.
+had given to the first King of Hungary, one thousand years before.
+
+It was said to have been a most wonderful and stirring sight to see
+these nobles "dressed in the clothes their ancestors had worn, carrying
+the banners under which their grandfathers had fought, weeping with
+emotion around a battered golden crown," a relic of the days when their
+fatherland was great and powerful.
+
+The description given by Mr. Richard Harding Davis in _Scribner's
+Magazine_ for March, and from which we quote the above statement, gives
+a living picture of this grand festival. There can be little doubt that
+such an occasion must have roused the patriotism of these people to
+fever heat.
+
+Whether this be true or not, it is certain that the Hungarians have been
+harder to manage, and that their dislike of the Austrians has been
+steadily gaining strength.
+
+We spoke of a second cause of disagreement. It arises from a measure
+that was intended to conciliate the Hungarians.
+
+This measure was an imperial edict, ordering that every official, in the
+districts where Hungarian is spoken, must be able to speak both the
+German and Hungarian language within five years.
+
+This has given great offence to the German-speaking part of the
+population; they cannot see why they should be forced to learn
+Hungarian, and the Hungarians insist that no officials can properly
+govern a people unless they can speak their language.
+
+These two questions have set Hungary and Austria at variance with each
+other, and it is feared that Hungary may not be satisfied until she has
+severed herself from Austria, and once more become an independent
+kingdom.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There is fresh news from the Greater Republic of Central America.
+
+We told you on page 222 that Guatemala and Costa Rica would be glad to
+enter the federation, but could not do so without the full consent of
+their congresses.
+
+Word has reached us that Guatemala has signed the treaty which makes
+her a part of the new Republic.
+
+Costa Rica has not joined as yet. It seems that she has a little private
+feud on hand with Guatemala, and is not ready to make up her mind to
+join any federation that holds her enemy.
+
+She declares that she is the most prosperous of the five countries of
+Central America, and that she has nothing to gain by the federation. She
+does not believe that the new republic will be a permanent affair, and
+does not wish to join it until she feels more sure that it will be.
+
+To assure her of their good faith, the four other republics have offered
+to name President Iglesias of Costa Rica as the first President of the
+Diet which is to govern the republic. But Costa Rica still holds aloof
+from the combination.
+
+The object of the federation was to bring about a more settled state of
+affairs, and arrange for the friendly adjustment of all disputes with
+foreign countries.
+
+These five small republics, joined together with a common interest,
+should play a very important part in the affairs of Central America.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+South American affairs are still in a state of turmoil, and Argentina
+has now been drawn into the quarrel.
+
+It seems that the Argentine Republic is in sympathy with the rebels, and
+has sent filibustering expeditions of men and supplies to them.
+
+The Uruguayan Government became extremely indignant at this, and
+endeavored to put a stop to such proceedings by invading Argentina. A
+force of soldiers was landed on the coast of Argentina, and a vessel
+flying the flag of that country was sunk by the guns of the Uruguayan
+cruiser.
+
+Argentina immediately replied by sending one of her gunboats to the
+scene of action, and making preparations for war with Uruguay.
+
+In the mean while the rebels have been gaining victories both in Brazil
+and Uruguay. The fanatics under Conselhiero (see page 741) have beaten
+back the Brazilian troops, and have recaptured Canudos. The Uruguayan
+rebels, on their part, have defeated the Government troops at Rivera,
+inflicting heavy loss on them.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There is a movement on foot to erect a monument to the memory of Harriet
+Beecher Stowe, the well-known authoress, who died on March 5, 1897, at
+the age of eighty-five.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Mrs. Stowe did much for the advancement of American letters. Before she
+wrote "Uncle Tom's Cabin," story-writing was in its infancy in America.
+It is hard for young people to realize how the times have changed with
+the coming of the many magazines and papers that we have to-day. Balzac,
+Thackeray, Dickens, Dumas, and Hawthorne were publishing their wonderful
+romances at the time Mrs. Stowe appeared as an authoress. She wrote many
+other stories during her long life, although her fame rests very largely
+upon the one book, "Uncle Tom's Cabin," of which many hundreds of
+thousands of copies have been sold.
+
+                                               GENIE H. ROSENFELD.
+
+
+
+
+INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES.
+
+
+PNEUMATIC TIRE.--It is hard upon bicyclists that the early summer
+season, when everything should be most favorable for cycling, is just
+the time chosen to mend the country roads.
+
+Woe to the tires of the unwary cycler who comes suddenly upon such a
+mended road! There was one the other day, a lady, coming home hot and
+tired after a long run. She slackened her speed, gazed in despair at the
+wicked little sharp-pointed stones which lined her path for many yards
+to come, and finally, hot and tired as she was, she dismounted and
+carried her bicycle to a spot where the road was again worn to a
+comfortable smoothness.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+All cyclists meet with the same experience, and it has set the clever
+heads among tire-makers thinking how the inconvenience can be remedied.
+There are several new kinds of tires suggested, and one seems to be
+quite a good idea. It is to be composed of a series of inflated balls,
+with an outer rim to protect them from the stones, nails, etc., which
+are the nightmare of the bicycle-rider. In this way, should an accident
+happen to one ball, the others need not be in any way injured, and the
+horror of a punctured tire would be greatly lessened.
+
+
+SEWING-MACHINE THAT WILL CUT AND MAKE BUTTON-HOLES.--Here is an
+invention that will delight the girls.
+
+Our sewing-machines do so much of the work for us nowadays that one
+quite resents the idea, after a garment is otherwise completed, of
+sitting patiently down to make button-holes, just as our grandmothers
+used to do, and their grandmothers before them. Some one has come to the
+help of busy workers with a machine that has a double action. It not
+only sews button-holes but cuts them. It is provided with an appliance
+which stops the sewing while the hole is being cut, and again stops the
+cutting movement to give place to the sewing.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+This ought to be a great and successful invention.
+
+
+SILK MADE FROM WOOD-FIBRE.--A new process of making silk has just been
+put on the market, and if it is as successful as is claimed for it,
+silk may soon be as cheap as cotton.
+
+The secret was discovered by a Frenchman, but it was no accidental
+discovery--he only achieved his success after forty years of patient
+study.
+
+This Frenchman, Count Hilaire de Cordonnet, had watched and studied the
+work of the silkworm, and had long thought that there ought to be some
+simpler process of spinning silk than the tedious and complicated method
+employed by the worms.
+
+The Count had noticed the preference silkworms have for the leaves of
+the mulberry and osage-orange trees, and, after experimenting with these
+plants for some time, he decided that if he could reduce them to pulp
+and treat them in certain ways, the result would be silk-fibre. But the
+result was not altogether satisfactory. He found that something was
+wanting to make his silk like that the silkworm produced.
+
+He studied their work again, and found that they covered the fibre with
+a kind of gum, which gave it gloss and strength.
+
+After years of patient study he discovered the materials of which this
+gum was composed, and then made another trial to see whether he had not
+learned the secret at last.
+
+By the aid of machines he tore the plants bit from bit, until they were
+reduced to pulp, just as the insect reduced the leaves in the process of
+eating and swallowing.
+
+He then added the gum, and with the aid of more machinery spun out the
+threads of fibre, imitating the methods of the insect as closely as
+possible.
+
+This time the experiment proved a great success. His fibre silk was as
+strong, as glossy, and as brilliant as the silkworm silk, and had one
+advantage over it, that when woven into breadths it did not crease so
+readily.
+
+
+NEW CAR.--Here is a new form of street car which is interesting.
+
+The closed cars and the open cars have heretofore been made on different
+patterns, and the companies have had to provide two kinds of cars, one
+for summer and one for winter. This new car is built with movable sides,
+which can be taken out with ease.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The car companies should welcome this invention, for, if it is as simple
+and practical as it seems, it will save them large sums of money.
+
+                                               G.H.R.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+="The Great Round World" PRIZE CONTEST=
+
+
+THE GREAT ROUND WORLD is now over six months old, and it feels some
+anxiety to know just how much interest its readers have taken in the
+news and how much information they have gained from its pages. To
+ascertain this, it has been decided to offer ten prizes for the best
+answers to the following:
+
+     =Name ten of the most important events that have been mentioned in
+     "The Great Round World" in the first 30 numbers, that is, up to
+     number of June 3d.=
+
+     _In mentioning these events give briefly reasons for considering
+     them important._
+
+This competition will be open to subscribers only, and any one desiring
+to enter the competition must send to this office their name and the
+date of their subscription; a number will then be given them.
+
+All new subscribers will be furnished with a card entitling them to
+enter the competition.
+
+In making the selection of important events, remember that wars and
+political events are not necessarily the most important. If, for
+instance, the air-ship had turned out to be a genuine and successful
+thing, it would have been most important as affecting the history of the
+world. Or if by chance the telephone or telegraph had been invented in
+this period, these inventions would have been _important_ events.
+
+Prizes will be awarded to those who make the best selection and who
+mention the events in the best order of their importance. Answers may be
+sent in any time before September 1st.
+
+The Great Round World does not want you to hurry over this contest, but
+to take plenty of time and do the work carefully. It will be a pleasant
+occupation for the summer months.
+
+We would advise you to take the magazines starting at No. 1, look them
+over carefully, keep a note-book at your side, and jot down in it the
+events that seem to you important; when you have finished them all, No.
+1 to 30, look over your notes and select the ten events that seem to you
+to be the most important, stating after each event your reason for
+thinking it important.
+
+For instance: suppose you decide that the death of Dr. Ruiz was one of
+these important events, you might say, "The killing of Dr. Ruiz in the
+prison of Guanabacoa--because it brought the cruelties practised on
+American citizens to the attention of our Government," etc., etc.
+
+In sending your answers put your number and the date only on them, for
+the judges are not to know names and addresses of the contestants, that
+there may be no favoritism shown.
+
+It is important to put date on, for if two or more are found of similar
+standing, the one first received will be given preference.
+
+Address all letters to REVIEW PRIZE CONTEST DEPARTMENT,
+GREAT ROUND WORLD, 3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City.
+
+          _Write answer on one side of the paper only_
+     =Prizes will be selections from the premium catalogue=
+
+         No. 1. Premiums as given for 15 Subscriptions
+         No. 2.    "      "   "    "  12        "
+         No. 3.    "      "   "    "  10        "
+         No. 4.    "      "   "    "   9        "
+         No. 5.    "      "   "    "   8        "
+         No. 6.    "      "   "    "   7        "
+         No. 7.    "      "   "    "   5        "
+         No. 8.    "      "   "    "   5        "
+         No. 9.    "      "   "    "   5        "
+         No. 10.   "      "   "    "   5        "
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Do you Cover your Books?
+
+    THE "ONE PIECE"
+    ADJUSTABLE BOOK COVERS
+
+are made of the strongest and best book-cover paper obtainable. This paper
+is made in large quantities especially for these book covers and will
+protect books perfectly. The book covers themselves are a marvel of
+ingenuity, and, although they are in one piece and can be adjusted to fit
+perfectly any sized book without cutting the paper, they are also so
+simple that any boy or girl can use them; as they are already gummed they
+are always ready for use.
+
+A sample dozen will be mailed to any address for 20 cents (or ten two-cent
+stamps) if you write
+
+    WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON
+    3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+  A Good Agent
+    Wanted
+  In Every Town
+              for
+    "The Great Round World"
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=PREMIUM LIST=
+
+    In connection with our offer of any BICYCLE you wish for 100 new
+    subscriptions, we have prepared a
+
+=Premium Catalogue=
+
+    This contains a list of selected articles which will be given to
+    those who may obtain a smaller number of subscriptions
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Those who fail to secure the necessary number for the bicycle may make
+selection from this catalogue.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    =Copy mailed on receipt of 5c.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD=
+    =3 & 5 West 18th St, New York City=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is
+Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 35, July 8, 1897, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
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