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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World And What Is Going On
+In It, April 22, 1897,  Vol. 1, No. 24, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World And What Is Going On In It, April 22, 1897,  Vol. 1, No. 24
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop
+
+Release Date: March 26, 2005 [EBook #15471]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the PG Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team. (www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+_FIVE CENTS._
+
+THE GREAT ROUND WORLD
+
+AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT
+
+    SUBSCRIPTION PRICE. APRIL 22, 1897  Vol. 1. NO. 24
+    $2.50 PER YEAR
+    [Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second-class matter]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER FOR BOYS AND GIRLS
+
+    WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON. PUBLISHER
+
+    NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY
+
+=Copyright, 1897, by WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: THE SPORTSMAN'S MAGAZINE PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY: SPORTSMAN'S
+MAGAZINE COMPANY NEW YORK]
+
+    An 80-Page Monthly Magazine, Written, Illustrated, Edited,
+    and Published
+
+    ="By Sportsmen and For Sportsmen."=
+
+    =_20 CENTS A COPY.    $2.00 A YEAR._=
+
+Send _Postal Card_ for 16-page illustrated prospectus for 1897, and
+_premium list_ of guns, pistols, bicycles, fishing-rods, and all other
+sporting goods offered free for new subscriptions to _The Sportsman's
+Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=Send five 2-cent stamps for SAMPLE COPY.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    =_Address_ THE SPORTSMAN'S MAGAZINE,
+                     377 Broadway, New York.=
+
+Mention THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND
+WORLD
+AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.]
+
+    VOL. 1   APRIL 22, 1897.   NO. 24
+
+        *       *       *       *       *
+
+The news from Cuba this week confirms the story of the capture of Gen.
+Ruis Rivera.
+
+It seems that the Spanish General, Velazco, was told by some of his scouts
+that Rivera was encamped in the near neighborhood, and only had a force of
+one hundred men with him.
+
+Acting on this information, the Spaniards surrounded the camp and attacked
+the Cubans, who fought bravely until they were finally overpowered.
+
+General Rivera was severely wounded, and was therefore unable to make his
+escape; the Spaniards captured him, just as his chief of staff was trying
+to carry him away to a place of safety.
+
+Both men were taken prisoner and conveyed to San Cristobal. They will be
+tried by court-martial, and it is feared that the General will be shot as
+a rebel. If Rivera is shot, it will create a great deal of indignation, as
+it is the custom to exchange prisoners of war, and not to kill them.
+General Weyler has, however, sent out a proclamation, that any man found
+outside the Spanish limits without a proper pass shall be shot, and as
+Rivera of course had no pass from the Spaniards, it is feared that Weyler
+may take advantage of his proclamation to have the unfortunate General
+shot.
+
+The Cuban war, however, seems to be on such a strong footing that even the
+loss of Ruis Rivera cannot seriously hurt the cause. Another General has
+already been appointed in his place, and though his loss will cause much
+sorrow, the affairs of the little island will not be interfered with.
+
+It is said that Gen. Julio Sanguily, the Cuban who has just been released
+from prison through the influence of our Government, will return to Cuba
+and take command of the army lately commanded by Rivera.
+
+A full account has reached us of the landing of the filibustering
+expedition that left our shores on board the _Laurada_, and under the
+charge of General Roloff.
+
+It appears that the Cubans have done very clever work in this expedition,
+both in getting the arms on board the _Laurada_, and in landing them when
+they reached Cuba.
+
+It was decided that the expedition should land at Banes, an important
+seaport on the northwestern coast of Santiago de Cuba. A few days before
+the ship was expected, the Cubans appeared in large numbers at Banes,
+ready to attack the Spanish soldiers, who occupied a small fort there.
+
+You will remember that Santiago de Cuba is the province which the Cubans
+have under control, and which is really "Free Cuba."
+
+The Cubans are so strong in this province, that the Spaniards remain in
+such forts as they hold, and make very few attempts to interfere with the
+insurgents.
+
+At Banes, the insurgents appeared in such numbers that the soldiers did
+not venture out of the fort, and left them to occupy the town in peace.
+
+When the _Laurada_ appeared in sight, the commander of the Cuban forces
+sent word to the fort that the _Laurada_ had some very heavy guns on
+board, which would be turned on the fort the instant the Spanish made an
+attempt to interfere with the unloading of the cargo. He added that the
+_Laurada's_ guns would blow the whole fort to pieces in a very few
+minutes.
+
+The Spanish commander decided that he would take their word for it, and
+not trouble the _Laurada_ to prove the truth of the statement. The vessel
+steamed up to the wharf, and the expedition disembarked with ease and
+comfort.
+
+Report says that the Cubans and Spaniards were so friendly together, that
+they even held a peaceful parley, in which the Spanish informed their new
+friends that they were a little short of water at the fort, and the
+obliging Cubans sent them up a fresh supply.
+
+It is a great advance for the Cubans to have the free use of a port, where
+they can safely receive their cargoes, and it shows very clearly that
+success is indeed, coming to the Cuban arms.
+
+Another filibustering expedition, supposed to be that taken by the
+_Bermuda_, has landed in Pinar del Rio, near Mariel, and about fifty miles
+from Havana.
+
+This section of the country is, however, the stronghold of the Spaniards,
+and so the insurgents did not have such an easy time in landing as they
+did in Santiago.
+
+The Spaniards had been warned of the arrival of the vessel, and allowed
+the cargo and men to be landed without interference, but prepared an
+ambush for the party, as it was making its way inland.
+
+[Illustration: Gen. Ruis Rivera]
+
+The Cubans fell into the trap set for them, and were beaten. The Spaniards
+in their turn were making off with the booty, when a larger body of
+insurgents arrived on the scene, fought the Spaniards, put them to flight,
+and carried off the recaptured cargo to a place of safety.
+
+The news from Havana is that Gomez has done exactly as it was said he
+would: he has slipped past Weyler, and left him hunting for him in Santa
+Clara. Weyler was sure of catching his enemy this time, for he had divided
+his army into two columns, and thought that with them he had covered the
+entire country. But Gomez was too smart for him. He slipped between the
+two columns, at one time camping within three miles of Weyler; and is now
+well on his way to join the Western army.
+
+All classes in Havana are uneasy and dissatisfied, and the anger against
+the Government and its manner of conducting the war is being expressed
+more openly every day.
+
+The soldiers are in such a state of anger that the officers no longer dare
+trust them in the towns, for fear that they will mutiny.
+
+The regular soldiers have received no pay for seven months, and are
+rebellious on that account. The volunteers are furious, because the
+weapons the Spanish Government gave them when they first enlisted, which
+were rifles of the very finest kind, have been taken from them, and
+replaced with old-fashioned weapons that have been in storage on the
+island since the war ten years ago.
+
+Their fine rifles have been taken from them since the rumors of the
+Carlist uprising, and they are angry because they declare that the
+Government is putting all the good weapons in the hands of the home
+soldiers, so that when they are sent back to Spain they can carry them
+along.
+
+There is a report that the governments of Spain and Cuba are discussing a
+plan for making peace.
+
+It is impossible to say whether this is true or false, but it is a
+splendid thing if true.
+
+Our Government is to send a commissioner to Cuba, to make full inquiries
+into the death of Dr. Ruiz.
+
+This commissioner will probably be Judge Day, a well-known lawyer of
+Canton, Ohio, and a personal friend of the President's.
+
+The duties of the commissioner, besides making the most careful
+investigation into the Ruiz case, will be to find out what the real state
+of affairs in Cuba is at the present time. If his report is favorable to
+Cuba, it may induce the President to help the Cubans.
+
+Gen. Fitz-Hugh Lee, our Consul-General in Havana, has absolutely refused
+to have anything to do with the Ruiz case. He declares that the
+examination will not be a fair one, and that nothing will be gained by it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There is very little change in the situation in Crete.
+
+The insurgents are fighting bravely, and the Powers, though doing their
+best to prevent trouble, are in much the same position that they were a
+week ago.
+
+The real excitement of the week has been the landing from the British
+warships of a troop of Highlanders. These soldiers, by their extraordinary
+dress, caused a panic among the Turks, who, not knowing whether they were
+friends or foes, mortals or bogies, proceeded to attack them.
+
+The Turkish officers with great difficulty succeeded in quieting their men
+and persuading them that the Highlanders were men and friends, but the
+fame and the terror of them spread all over the island.
+
+The insurgents heard that a new race of men had been landed by the allies,
+and in their ignorance and superstition they fancied that some new and
+terrible kind of creature had been sent against them.
+
+There was a small panic among the Cretans for a few days, and it was not
+until they had sent scouts to discover what kind of beings these were, and
+the report had come back that these terrible Highlanders were but men
+after all, that they had the courage to continue the fighting.
+
+This is not the first time that the appearance of these men has struck
+terror into the heart of an enemy, and in truth they are a very imposing
+body of men, all of them over six feet in height. They walk with the
+light, springing step that is peculiar to all Highlanders, and they hardly
+seem to touch the ground as they march over it. They march to the music of
+the bagpipes, which adds not a little to the awe which, they inspire. The
+bagpipe is of all instruments the most uncanny and weird. When you see a
+Highland regiment marching to the music of bagpipes, it seems to be the
+only true music to which soldiers should march. Its wails and shrieks
+sound like the groans of the dying, and the drone of the bass notes has a
+fierce sound as it throbs and marks the tramp of the soldiers' feet, that
+speaks of battle and conquests, and the advance of a victorious army.
+
+These are not the only things which help to make foreigners believe the
+Highlanders some uncommon kind of creature. In addition, the costume they
+wear is so strange, that it is easy to understand how terrible they must
+appear to foreign eyes.
+
+They are dressed in the old Scotch fashion, with short stockings, bare
+knees, and kilts (a short skirt which comes nearly to the knee). Over
+their shoulders hangs the "plaidie," which is a long shawl. They wear a
+tight coat, and in front of them hangs the sporran, a pocket made of white
+fur. The crowning glory of the Highland regiment is the bonnet. This is a
+hideous structure of brown beaver; it is over a foot in height, and from
+the side hang three mournful black plumes. This curious dress makes the
+men look about eight feet high, and as they are all strong,
+broad-shouldered fellows, they seem like giants.
+
+At the battle of the Alma, in the Crimean war, the Forty-Second
+Highlanders turned the fate of the fight by their appearance.
+
+They were ordered to attack a position held by the Russians, and when they
+sprang forward to the charge, their kilts and plaids floating around them,
+their bare knees glistening, and their huge bonnets and waving plumes
+making them look so tall, the Russians were terror-stricken. Seeing their
+white sporrans wave as they ran, the Russians mistook them for small
+horses, and could not believe that these terrible-looking creatures were
+but men running.
+
+Crying out to each other that the Angels of Death on their snow-white
+horses were riding them down, the Russians dropped their arms, and fled in
+the greatest confusion.
+
+Stories without number are told of the way Highlanders, left on the field
+of battle, have frightened the enemy into letting them escape, and a piper
+seems to need no protection but his pipes. In the Indian mutiny, one blast
+of them was enough to scatter a score of natives.
+
+[Illustration: Her Majesty's Scottish Highlanders.]
+
+It is not to be wondered at that both Cretans and Turks were a little
+alarmed at the sight of these brawny, petticoated soldiers.
+
+The main part of the interest in Greek and Turkish affairs is centring
+itself along the Greek frontier.
+
+The Powers sent word to Greece, that unless the troops are recalled from
+the frontier, they will blockade all her ports.
+
+In the mean while, the Crown Prince has arrived at Larissa, and taken the
+command of the troops in Thessaly. The Crown Princess is with him, to
+organize a Red Cross Society, to give aid to the wounded in case war
+breaks out. This good, kind woman has put aside all her own feelings, and
+is working for the benefit of her husband's people.
+
+The Greeks show no disposition to obey the demands of the Powers, and it
+is said that Russia refused to join in blockading the Greek ports, because
+she believed that it is no longer possible to keep peace between Greece
+and Turkey.
+
+The Greek army along the frontier is so large and powerful as to be beyond
+the control of diplomacy. It is stated, on good authority, that if the
+King of Greece were to listen to the Powers, and order the troops back
+from Thessaly, the army would revolt, dethrone him, and carry on a war on
+its own account.
+
+So incensed are the people against the Turks, that nothing will satisfy
+them but war, and the winning back of such of their provinces as are still
+under Turkish control.
+
+It is said that the Greeks are not attempting to make a strongly fortified
+position for themselves on the frontier. They consider themselves an
+invading army, and the moment war is declared, they intend to swarm over
+the border, and, if possible, conquer the provinces that once were theirs.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The inquiry into the Transvaal Raid is still going on.
+
+Dr. Jameson has been called before the Committee, and appears to have told
+all he knows of the matter.
+
+His story makes things look very black indeed for Mr. Cecil Rhodes, the
+Prime Minister of Cape Colony, and perhaps for the English Government
+also, if the whisper is true that Mr. Rhodes and the Government perfectly
+understood each other as regarded South African matters.
+
+Dr. Jameson said that before the raid occurred, he had various talks with
+Cecil Rhodes and John Hays Hammond, an American mining engineer, who lived
+in the town of Johannesburg, and was one of the principal movers in the
+plot.
+
+They spoke about the troubles of the foreigners in the Transvaal. Mr.
+Hammond declared that the Boers made life so difficult for foreigners that
+unless some change was made, the people of Johannesburg would revolt.
+
+Dr. Jameson went to Pretoria at Mr. Hammond's invitation, and saw for
+himself the condition of things.
+
+Plans were then made to overthrow the government, and to make a pretence
+of finding out who the people would prefer to have for a President, by
+taking a man-to-man vote of the whole population. The person chosen by
+this vote was to be declared President.
+
+Dr. Jameson was to bring his soldiers to Johannesburg, to keep order while
+the vote of the people was being taken.
+
+This plan, while it was fair enough in sound, was in fact an infamous
+scheme to trick the Boers out of their rights.
+
+The Uitlanders, as we told you before, far outnumber the Boers.
+
+By taking a vote of the whole population, every Uitlander would have had a
+vote; these foreigners would of course have voted for the person who would
+let them have things their own way, and as they outnumbered the natives,
+the poor Boers would have had their rights taken away from them by
+foreigners, who, according to their laws, had no right to vote at all.
+
+The scheme was as clever as it was infamous. To the world it would have
+seemed fair enough, and only those familiar with South African politics
+would have understood what a shameful trick it was.
+
+There is small doubt that Mr. Hammond was as deep in this fraud as Cecil
+Rhodes and Dr. Jameson. He may have hoped to win the presidency when Oom
+Paul Krueger was put out of office, and very probably did not realize that
+Mr. Rhodes and Jameson intended to annex the Transvaal to the English
+Territory, after they had stolen it from the Boers.
+
+It is, however, sure, from Dr. Jameson's own words, that the Raid was a
+deliberate attempt on the part of these three men to rob the Boers of
+their rights, and divide the spoil when the deed was done.
+
+Both Cecil Rhodes and Dr. Jameson have been bold enough to state this,
+cloaking their misdeed under a tale of gaining more lands for their
+beloved sovereign, and both have had the courage to say that they only
+made one mistake in the Transvaal matter, and that was to fail. Had they
+been successful, they would have been forgiven.
+
+The angry feeling between the Boers and the English is daily growing
+stronger. It is feared that war cannot be prevented.
+
+President Krueger is preparing for the worst by allying himself with the
+Orange Free State, his neighbor on the east.
+
+The treaty has just been made, and is waiting to be ratified by the
+Congress of each country. It gives the citizens of both republics the
+right of citizenship in either country, and binds each to fight for the
+other in case of war.
+
+Mr. Chamberlain, the English Colonial Secretary, is trying his best to
+upset this treaty.
+
+He declares that, according to an understanding made between England and
+the Transvaal in 1884, the Boers have the right to govern their country as
+they please, but they must not enter into any treaties or relations with
+other countries, without the consent of England.
+
+Mr. Chamberlain says that Her Majesty the Queen will insist upon the terms
+of this treaty being obeyed.
+
+Though England is taking such a very decided stand in the matter, she is
+far from feeling at ease as to the result. It seems that Germany is taking
+more interest in the affairs of South Africa than is pleasant to England.
+
+It is feared that if war does break out in the Transvaal, Germany will
+join with the Boers and the people of the Orange Free State in fighting
+England.
+
+Germany already owns a rich province in the neighborhood, and she has for
+some time been sending arms and soldiers, able to teach the Boers the art
+of war, across the continent, from her province on the West Coast, to the
+Transvaal.
+
+She has lately sent three thousand of her soldiers out to South Africa.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+While we are on the subject of Africa, we must speak of the expeditions
+that are being sent out from France to Abyssinia, with the object of
+making commercial treaties with King Menelik.
+
+England is also sending out an envoy to the same country.
+
+The reason for this sudden interest in Abyssinia comes from the great
+victory won by the Abyssinians last year, a victory which brought them
+into importance as a nation.
+
+In 1896 the Italians, who have colonized a portion of Eastern Africa,
+bordering on Abyssinia, invaded their neighbor's country, with the
+intention of conquering it and adding it to their own.
+
+The Abyssinians, a race of dark-skinned people whom we have been
+accustomed to look upon as savages, met the Italians on the open field of
+battle, and, without ambush or any of the usual savage methods of warfare,
+defeated them, the Italians leaving twelve thousand killed on the field.
+
+The civilized nations had hardly recovered from their surprise at this
+defeat, when they were astounded afresh to find that the savage king
+Menelik had no desire to overrun the Italian country and punish the
+invaders for their attack, but having put them outside his borders, he
+settled quietly down to enjoy the blessings of peace.
+
+The eyes of the world were turned on Abyssinia and its wonderful king, and
+the result has been that the various nations interested in Eastern Africa
+have decided that the friendship of Menelik is well worth having, and they
+are all hastening to make friends with this powerful king.
+
+The French have been especially eager to make an alliance with him, before
+any other nations could get ahead of them. Abyssinia is a country rich in
+gold and ivory, and the friendship of Menelik is also valuable, because of
+the trade that can be done with his country. One expedition has been sent
+by the government to make the treaty, and at the same time another has
+started under the command of Prince Henry of Orleans.
+
+This last has no political work to do, but is going in the interest of
+science and commerce. The Prince intends to explore the country, and find
+out what its chief products are, and what part of its commerce will be of
+value to his country.
+
+He is writing most interesting accounts of his journey, which are being
+published in the papers, and we shall probably hear much that is new and
+interesting of this country.
+
+In one of his letters he gave an amusing account of the astonishment of
+the natives over a graphophone (a present for King Menelik).
+
+He at first put in a cylinder on which was recorded a song, sung by a
+great singer.
+
+Strange to say, the natives received this with neither interest nor
+astonishment; the single voice did not seem anything out of the way to
+them. When, however, a cylinder with orchestral music, bugle calls, and a
+stirring march was put in place, their delight and surprise knew no
+bounds.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The mention of this brings another wonderful invention to mind, the
+animatograph, the machine which throws pictures on a sheet; the figures in
+them move as though they are alive.
+
+During the Queen's Jubilee, which will be celebrated in London this
+spring, it has been arranged to have a number of animatograph pictures
+taken of the procession and all the finest part of the ceremonies. These,
+it is said, are to be kept in the library of the British Museum, to show
+future generations what kind of people lived in the nineteenth century.
+
+This should be a very interesting collection, and probably, if the idea is
+successfully carried out, we shall have a set of these same pictures
+brought to this country, and be able to see just how our English cousins
+celebrated their great festival.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The news of the floods continues to be very serious.
+
+At New Orleans the Mississippi River has reached the danger level, and the
+severe rain-storms which have visited the country during the past week
+have made the people in the city very anxious.
+
+Certain of the streets are already swamps, and the river has risen within
+a foot and a half of the top of the levees.
+
+The convicts have been sent out from the prisons to help pile the sacks of
+earth on the levees, and companies of engineers are stationed at all the
+weak spots along them, to guard against the banks giving way.
+
+All along the river people are sending petitions to the various mayors
+and governors, begging them to forbid the river steamers travelling during
+the night, and to have them move as slowly as possible during the day. The
+wash from the paddle-wheels after they pass has done a great deal of
+damage, and in many places has helped to break the levees.
+
+[Illustration: _The Mississippi flood. A Typical scene._]
+
+In several of the river towns all business has been forbidden, and all the
+men ordered to go to the levees and help to shore them up.
+
+The slightest extra ripple of the waters at New Orleans brings them over
+the banks and floods the streets, but the banks are still safe.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+England has just presented a very valuable manuscript to us, that has long
+been kept in the Bishop of London's palace at Fulham.
+
+This book is called the log of the _Mayflower_, and is an account of the
+first voyage of the Pilgrim Fathers, and a history of the Plymouth
+Plantation.
+
+Several previous attempts have been made to get this manuscript from
+England, but it has remained for Ambassador Bayard to secure the gift for
+us.
+
+The manuscript is supposed to have been written by Gov. William Bradford,
+and if this is true, it can hardly be the log of the _Mayflower_, because
+the log is usually kept by the captain.
+
+Every ship that sails the sea keeps a log, or log-book, in which is
+entered the progress the ship is making, and any facts of interest as they
+occur. It is in reality the ship's diary, but it is called a log-book,
+because its chief object is to record the speed of the vessel.
+
+This speed is found by using an instrument called a log, which is attached
+to a line, divided into equal spaces by knots. These are placed certain
+distances apart, so many to a mile. The log is made in such a way that it
+will remain almost stationary in the water when thrown overboard. The
+line, wound upon a reel, is allowed to run out for a few seconds; the
+number of knots that have been paid off the reel are counted, and in this
+way the speed of the vessel is calculated.
+
+The book in which the record is kept is called a "log"-book.
+
+The book that England is giving to us is probably the diary of William
+Bradford, which he kept while on board the _Mayflower_, and it is said to
+record the account of the colony after the landing, and to contain many
+interesting accounts of the treaties with the Indians.
+
+It is to be kept in the Boston Public Library.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Tariff Bill has been hurried through the House of Representatives,
+and, having passed that House, has now gone up to the Senate.
+
+There seems to have been a good deal of haste in the manner this was done.
+
+Talking over alterations was not allowed, and the bill was forced to a
+vote, in spite of the fact that many of the Republicans were against it.
+
+Several Congressmen said they would not have voted for it, unless quite
+sure that it would be much altered by the Senate before it is allowed to
+pass.
+
+The Senate is still busy with the Arbitration Treaty.
+
+Amendment after amendment has been made, until it is now a very different
+paper from the one handed in by Mr. Olney. Many of the Senators are so
+disgusted with all the talk and trouble over it, that they are inclined to
+vote against it, and put an end to the whole affair.
+
+       *        *        *        *        *
+
+The Charter of the City of Greater New York has been prepared, and New
+York City is now ready to begin its life as the second largest city in the
+world, London being the largest.
+
+Greater New York will take in the whole of Staten Island, Brooklyn, the
+Lower Bay as far as Far Rockaway, the whole of Queens County Long Island,
+then across the Sound to Pelham, and along the line of Westchester County,
+taking in Woodlawn Cemetery, the town of Mt. Vernon, and on until it
+reaches the Hudson River at Mount St. Vincent.
+
+The new city will come into existence January 1, 1898.
+
+The Charter for its government, which has been prepared, provides that
+the entire city shall be governed by one mayor, who shall hold office for
+four years.
+
+The new city can build schoolhouses, public buildings, bridges, docks,
+tunnels, construct parks, establish ferries, open streets, and make
+railroads without going to the State Legislature in Albany for permission.
+
+The number of square miles contained in the new city will be 360; the
+greatest length will be 35 miles, measured from Mt. St. Vincent on the
+Hudson to Tottenville on Staten Island.
+
+It is expected that with the wonderful harbors and docks the new city will
+possess, its future as a centre of commerce will be most prosperous.
+
+The Mayor of this great city will be a very important person, and great
+care must be taken in choosing the right man.
+
+The election of the officers of Greater New York will take place next
+November.
+
+                                    GENIE H. ROSENFELD.
+
+
+
+
+INVENTION AND DISCOVERY.
+
+
+FISH-HOOK BOOK.--A book has been invented for carrying
+fish-hooks, and it promises to be of great use to all those who find
+pleasure in the gentle art of angling.
+
+It is a book arranged somewhat like a wallet. At one end is a strong
+leather pocket for flies, then stretched across it are four ledges. Each
+ledge has a number of slits in it. At the end opposite the pocket is the
+first ledge, and into the slits in this ledge the hooks are placed. The
+short line attached to the hook is carried to the next ledge, and
+carefully slipped into a slit opposite to the one which holds the hook.
+The line is carried over another ledge to be finally anchored in the one
+nearer the pocket. When the book is closed the ledges fit into each other,
+and the fish-hooks are kept in place and therefore cannot get tangled.
+
+The book is of a convenient size and is likely to find many admirers.
+
+A patent was lately issued to a man who has invented a means of cutting
+the pages of the magazines for us.
+
+His idea is to bind a strong thread into every page that needs cutting,
+and when we would cut the pages there is nothing to be done but to pull
+the thread and this cuts the page.
+
+The next thing to be invented should be a machine that reads the magazine
+for us, and tells us what is in them.
+
+The nearest approach we have made to this idea is in reading stories to
+the phonograph, and having the instrument repeat them to us.
+
+    G.H.R.
+
+
+
+
+LETTERS FROM OUR YOUNG FRIENDS.
+
+
+Another heavy mail this week. The Editor's friends are getting so numerous
+that a strike of the postmen on the route may be expected.
+
+    DEAR EDITOR:
+
+    Three daily readers of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD wish to
+    know if Queen Victoria is allowed to see the daily papers. We
+    once heard or read somewhere that certain things are cut from
+    the papers and handed to her on a beautiful silver tray--such
+    articles as her advisors think it best for her to see; but she
+    cannot read all the daily papers as common folks do. Will you
+    kindly answer in next week's number of the Magazine, and oblige
+    three constant and interested readers of the Magazine?
+
+                                     JOHN ELIOT R.
+                                     URSULA FRANCIS R.
+                                     HELEN L.H.
+
+PLAINFIELD, NEW JERSEY, March 31st, 1897.
+
+
+MY DEAR YOUNG FRIENDS:
+
+In reply to your letter asking how Queen Victoria gets her news, I must
+tell you that she is perhaps the most advanced and progressive woman in
+the world.
+
+Though she is such an old lady, she keeps herself thoroughly posted about
+everything that goes on in the world. There is no question as to what she
+shall be allowed to read--she reads everything that is of interest to her;
+but that she may not waste her precious time looking over worthless
+articles, her secretaries are instructed to read the papers first every
+morning, and see what is worthy the Queen's reading.
+
+From long habit they know the subjects that are of interest to Her
+Majesty, and these they carefully outline with a blue pencil.
+
+It has always been the custom for one of the Princesses, the Queen's
+daughters, to read these items to her.
+
+No clippings are sent to the Queen; the papers are marked and sent to her
+as they are.
+
+Her Majesty really has a Great Round World made for herself every day, for
+the secretaries are like your Editor--they do their best to call the
+Sovereign's attention only to such matters as are really important and
+true.
+
+                                             EDITOR.
+
+
+
+
+    _To Ernest K., Lakewood, N.J._
+
+
+DEAR ERNEST:--We were very pleased to receive your letter, but we
+will not publish it, because we think you could write us a much better
+one, that would be well worth putting in our paper.
+
+Won't you tell us something about golf, or what you see when you go out
+riding? We think you could write a very interesting letter on either of
+these subjects.
+
+                                             EDITOR.
+
+
+    _Sydney G., Baltimore, and A.V.N. Myers, Cornwall-on-Hudson:_
+
+
+Thank you for your kind letter. We are glad you find THE GREAT ROUND
+WORLD interesting.
+
+                                                       EDITOR.
+
+
+    DEAR MR. EDITOR:
+
+    I have had only two of your papers. I like them very much. I am
+    going to save them and have them bound. It is so muddy here, and
+    it was muddier last week; the mud was half a foot deep. There is
+    a man that runs a dray-wagon here, and he has two little mules.
+    He whips them almost to death.
+
+    A little while ago a poor dog went by with a tin can tied to his
+    tail; the boys that did this filled it full of dirt, and the
+    poor dog was half scared to death.
+
+    Perhaps I ought not to be so familiar, as this is the first
+    letter I have written to you.
+
+    Our neighbors are nice people. They have a little pug dog. There
+    was a black cat in the yard, and the dog ran after it. It seemed
+    as if the cat was crazy. It dragged its hind legs behind it, and
+    pulled them with its front legs, and crawled under the barn
+    before the dog got to it.
+
+    I guess I will close now.
+
+                        Your loving friend,
+
+                                            GRAY F.
+    WAYNE, NEBR., March, 1897.
+
+
+
+MY DEAR GRAY:
+
+We enjoyed your letter very much; it is very bright and interesting.
+
+When we read it we said, Master Gray has gone off with his pen and paper
+all by himself to write to us, and that pleased us very much, because we
+want all our boys and girls to talk to us in their letters just as if they
+were speaking to us.
+
+You seem to be a friend of dumb animals. Read Little Friend's letter to
+us, in No. 19, page 498. Would you not like to form a Band of Mercy to
+help your animal friends? Think of that poor cat, who was probably
+half-dead with fright, and the doggie with the can tied to his tail. Would
+you not like to know just how to help these poor little kindly things, who
+cannot help themselves?                    EDITOR.
+
+
+    DEAR MR. EDITOR:
+
+    I wish to tell Grace of some good books. Three of C.M. Yonge's
+    books, "Dynevor Terrace," "The Daisy Chain," and its sequel,
+    "The Trial," are stories of English boys and girls, much like
+    "Little Women." Elizabeth Stuart Phelps' "Gypsy Breynton" series
+    are good. The last of the series "Gypsy's Year at the Golden
+    Crescent" is a boarding-school story. "The Five Little Peppers"
+    series by Margaret Sidney are her best books. The five little
+    Pepper boys and girls live in "the little brown house" with
+    "Mamsy." Their father is dead, and they are very poor. They gain
+    a rich friend, a very nice boy named Jasper, and all go to live
+    in his father's house, "Mamsy" becoming the housekeeper. It is
+    all written in a delightful and natural manner.
+
+    Flora Shaw's three books, "Hector," "Phyllis Browne," and
+    "Castle Blair," are also good. In the first, Hector, a little
+    English boy, goes to France to live with his little country
+    cousin Zélie. In the second a little Pole, Count Ladislas
+    Starinski, comes to England to live with his English cousins.
+    The last is the story of five Irish boys and girls, their big
+    dog Royal, and their two cousins Frankie and a French girl
+    Adrienne (whose name they could not pronounce, and so they
+    called her Nessa, after one of their dogs which had died, and
+    which they said looked like her).
+
+    Elizabeth Champney's "Witch Winnie" series are very interesting.
+    The first two, "Witch Winnie" and "Witch Winnie's Mystery," are
+    boarding-school stories.
+
+    Other good books are: "When I Was Your Age," by Laura Richards;
+    "Two Girls," and "Girls Together," by Miss Blanchard; "Half a
+    Dozen Girls," by Anna Chapin Ray; "Dr. Gilbert's Daughters," by
+    Margaret Matthews; "Captain Polly," "Flying Hill Farm," and "The
+    Mate of The Mary Ann," by Sophie Sweet; "Summer in a Canon," and
+    "Polly Oliver's Problem," by Kate D. Wiggin; The "Katy Did"
+    series, by Susan Coolidge; the Quinnebasset Series, by Sophie
+    May, comprising "The Doctor's Daughter," "Asbury Twins," "Our
+    Helen," "Janet," and "Quinnebasset Girls"; "The Jolly Good Time"
+    books, by Mary P. Wells Smith; and all the books of Lucy C.
+    Lillie, Nora Perry, Mrs. Mead, and Mrs. Molesworth.
+
+    I have read and enjoyed all the above, and can recommend them to
+    any one as delightful stories of boys and girls.
+
+                                           EDITH.
+
+
+MY DEAR EDITH:
+
+We are glad to have your nice letter to publish, and will be pleased to
+have you read for us.
+
+    EDITOR.
+
+    DEAR MR. EDITOR:
+
+    Miss Bessy reads THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, and will you
+    please send me a pattern of the kite of Lieutenant Wise?
+
+                                        Yours truly,
+                                           SYDNEY G.
+    BALTIMORE, MD., March 26th, 1897.
+
+
+MY DEAR SYDNEY G.:
+
+"The American Boy's Book of Sport," published by Charles Scribner's Sons,
+and mentioned in No. 21 of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, will tell you
+how to make kites of all kinds. We cannot promise that you will find
+Lieutenant Wise's kite there, because we think he has kept the manner of
+making his kite a secret, and will do so until he has quite finished his
+experiments with it.
+
+                                              THE EDITOR.
+
+
+    DEAR MR. EDITOR:
+
+    I take THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, and like it very much. In
+    your last number you spoke of "Singing Mice." Can you tell me,
+    where can they be got? If they can be bought, where and how
+    much?
+
+                                               Yours truly,
+                                                    WILLIE T.H.
+
+
+DEAR WILLIE:
+
+Singing mice are very rare; but we have been to the store where we get our
+lizards, and tadpoles, and goldfish, and the man who keeps it has promised
+to see if he can hear of one. If he is fortunate enough to find such a
+mouse he is to let us know, and if you send us your address we will tell
+you how much he wants for it, and where you can see it.
+
+
+                                                EDITOR.
+
+
+    DEAR EDITOR:
+
+    A number of us girls have formed a society named The Daffodil
+    Reading Circle, of which I am the president. We meet at the
+    different girls' houses every week. I subscribe for THE
+    GREAT ROUND WORLD. It is one of the principal things we
+    read, and we all enjoy it very much. We were very much
+    interested in the article about the cuttlefish or octopus found
+    on the coast of Florida, in Number 16. I am surprised to hear
+    to-day that it has been examined by some scientific men, who say
+    that it is not an octopus at all, but only the head of a
+    deformed whale. I am very anxious to hear what the truth is
+    about it.
+
+                      Your interested reader,
+                                        FLORENCE C.R.
+
+    JERSEY CITY, N.J., March 20, 1897.
+
+
+DEAR FLORENCE:
+
+We have written to the Smithsonian Institution about the cuttlefish. The
+reply has not reached us in time for this number, but next week we hope to
+be able to tell you what the scientific men have decided about it. That
+the monster found was the head of a whale was only the opinion of some of
+the gentlemen who examined it. We believe that no absolute decision was
+arrived at.
+
+                                                  THE EDITOR.
+
+
+We were very much pleased to get an account of a gold mine published in a
+recent number, for we want our boys and girls to write letters describing
+the different industries of the United States. A number of New York boys a
+few days since went to Waterbury, Conn., and visited various factories; we
+publish two of their letters, and hope that we may receive similar letters
+from boys and girls in different parts of the country. In almost every
+town there is something which can be written about.
+
+
+
+
+OUR EXCURSION TO WATERBURY.
+
+
+On Thursday last the three upper classes visited Waterbury, Conn., to
+inspect some of the numerous industries for which the town is so famous,
+and returned Friday night, filled with great thoughts of the wonders of
+Yankee inventive genius.
+
+While there we had the good fortune to be admitted to a pin-factory, an
+iron-foundry, a watch-factory, and the most extensive brass-works in the
+world.
+
+I shall here limit myself to a brief description of the last.
+
+Brass is made by melting together in large crucibles certain proportions
+of copper and zinc. The heat applied must be considerable, for during the
+fusion of the two metals a white flame from the zinc and a green one from
+the copper flash from the mouth of the crucible. When properly mixed the
+molten alloy is poured into rectangular or cylindrical moulds. After
+cooling, the bars are driven between immense rollers, to be formed into
+sheet-brass. This process is very much like rolling out dough for
+pie-crust, and is repeated many times. But the great pressure to which the
+sheets are subjected makes the alloy very brittle, so that it has to be
+softened or "annealed," as it is called, by being heated red-hot in very
+large ovens before each re-rolling. When the sheets have attained the
+required thinness, they are cut into widths and lengths suitable for easy
+handling, transportation, and manufacture.
+
+We also saw sheets of copper and German silver made in a similar manner.
+The latter is simply brass that has had some nickel added to it to make it
+white like silver.
+
+The cylindrical casts above mentioned are placed in machines that draw
+them into wire or tubing. The process is a most interesting one, though
+rather difficult to describe.
+
+A large quantity of the products of these works is used directly in the
+very town, in factories for making clocks, watches, pins, and other
+articles.
+
+It is interesting and curious to note how the manufacture of brass in this
+country originally started.
+
+During the war of 1812 many useful articles became scarce; among these
+were buttons. A man named Benedict, who lived in Waterbury, began to make
+them out of bone, and became very prosperous.
+
+About 1830 "Dame Fashion" ordained that brass or gilt buttons should be
+worn. At first Benedict imported brass from England, but as he could not
+get it of the required thinness, he resolved to make it himself. As copper
+was scarce, he travelled about the country, buying up old copper kettles
+and other things made of copper, which he melted with zinc, and had the
+resulting brass slabs rolled at a neighboring iron rolling-mill. In this
+way the great brass industry of the United States started. Its product is
+now valued at $60,000,000 a year.
+
+                              H.H. ROGERS, JR.
+
+    APRIL 6th, 1897.
+
+
+
+
+PINS.
+
+
+Among the factories of interest in and around Waterbury, Conn., is the
+Clinton Pin Factory. This is one of the largest in America, and has
+perhaps the most highly developed machinery in the world.
+
+It is well to remember that the pin-machine is a purely American
+invention, and its immense advantage can be fully appreciated if we recall
+that it does the work that was required of eighteen distinct hands hardly
+more than fifty years ago.
+
+Pins are made of either brass or iron wire. Those made of the latter are
+much cheaper, as the price of iron wire varies from three to five cents a
+pound, while brass wire is usually worth fourteen.
+
+The wire is fed to the machine from large reels. It is first cut into the
+proper lengths by a small steel knife, so arranged that when the regular
+length of wire is drawn, the knife descends and cuts it off. Next, each
+small piece of wire, for we can hardly call it anything else yet, is
+headed by a sharp rap from a small automatic hammer. Lastly, the blunt
+ends are pointed by passing over a series of rapidly revolving
+emery-wheels, and the pin falls, the essentially completed article, into a
+large box, at the rate of three or four per second.
+
+The pins are now placed in large vats, filled with soft soap and water, to
+be freed from the dirt and grease gathered while passing through the
+machine. After being thoroughly washed, they are put in the "hopper,"
+mixed with bran or sawdust, to be dried. The hopper is shaken rapidly,
+and the clean, dry pins fall out at one side, the sawdust at the other.
+
+The tinning or "silvering" process is next in order. To accomplish this,
+the pins are put into a vessel containing a solution of cream of tartar
+and tin, and boiled for four or five hours. From this they come forth
+bright and silvery-looking, to be dried again as before, previous to the
+final operation of polishing.
+
+The pins are now ready to be put on papers. The machine which does this is
+perhaps one of the most ingenious ever constructed. Quantities of pins are
+thrown from time to time into a rapidly vibrating hopper, which causes
+them to pass, one by one, into a trough-like slide, that holds the pins by
+the head; consequently the imperfect ones are automatically rejected. They
+then slide along a groove to the main body of the machine, where they fall
+into slits properly distanced, and are pressed into the paper in rows,
+twelve in all, containing five hundred and sixteen pins.
+
+Shield or safety-pins are made in about the same way, only there are
+twelve instead of three different stages before the pin issues from the
+machine absolutely complete. After this it has to be washed and tinned as
+above described.
+
+The factory has more than fifty machines, which operate themselves so
+perfectly that they require the supervision of about ten men only.
+
+It has been estimated that more than fifteen thousand gross of pins per
+day, or five million gross per annum, are turned out by this one concern.
+
+                                 GEORGE C. CANNON.
+
+    March 29th, 1897.
+
+
+
+
+=That Rust=
+
+ON YOUR WHEEL CAN BE TAKEN OFF IN TWO MINUTES WITH A RAG AND SOME
+
+=Great Round World Polisher=
+
+PRICE 25 CENTS
+
+FOR SALE BY ALL DEALERS
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+=EXAMINATIONS=
+
+    Have you thought of the Relief Maps for examination work?
+    Are you following from day to day the war in the East?
+
+
+=Klemm's Relief Practice Maps=
+
+are especially adapted to examination work, as they are perfectly free
+from all political details. ANY examination work may be done on them.
+
+For following the EASTERN QUESTION use Klemm's Roman Empire, and record
+each day's events. Small flags attached to pins, and moved on a map as the
+armies move, keep the details before you in a most helpful way, especially
+when you use the Relief Maps.
+
+    =SAMPLE SET RELIEF MAPS (15), $1.00=
+    =SAMPLE ROMAN EMPIRE,      10 CENTS=
+
+=WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON, · · 5 West 18th Street, N.Y.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Which Is Your Favorite
+
+_BICYCLE_
+
+You have your choice of any wheel in the market if you send us one hundred
+regular subscriptions to the
+
+"Great Round World"
+
+Show the paper to your friends, and you will soon find one hundred people
+who will be glad to subscribe. Send the subscriptions in to us as fast as
+received, and when the one hundredth, reaches us you can go to ANY dealer
+YOU choose, buy ANY wheel YOU choose, and we will pay the bill.
+
+Six-months' subscriptions will be counted as one-half, three-months' as
+one-quarter,
+
+_SAMPLE COPIES WILL BE FURNISHED AT HALF PRICE. (SEE OTHER OFFERS)_
+
+Great Round World
+3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World And What Is
+Going On In It, April 22, 1897,  Vol. 1, No. 24, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
+***** This file should be named 15471-8.txt or 15471-8.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
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+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Great Round World, April 22, 1897, by Julia Truitt Bishop.
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World And What Is Going On
+In It, April 22, 1897,  Vol. 1, No. 24, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World And What Is Going On In It, April 22, 1897,  Vol. 1, No. 24
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop
+
+Release Date: March 26, 2005 [EBook #15471]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the PG Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team. (www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<p><a name="Page_655" id="Page_655"></a></p>
+
+
+<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/covera.jpg" alt="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" title="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" /></p>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="subscription, date and volume">
+<tr><td align='center'><span class='smcap'>Subscription Price</span>,</td>
+<td align='center'><b>April 22, 1897</b></td>
+<td align='left'><b>Vol. 1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class='smcap'>No</span>. 24</b></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='center'>$2.50 PER YEAR</td>
+<td align='left'>[Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second-class matter]</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p class="figcenter"><a href="./images/coverb.jpg"><img src="./images/coverb-tb.jpg" alt="Cover Illlustration, Globe" title="Cover Illlustration, Globe" /></a></p>
+
+<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/coverc.jpg" alt="William Beverley Harison, Publisher" title="William Beverley Harison, Publisher" /></p>
+
+<div class='center'><b>Copyright, 1897, by <span class='smcap'>William Beverley Harison.</span></b><a name="Page_656" id="Page_656"></a></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+<p class="figcenter"><a href="./images/sportsmag.jpg"><img src="./images/sportsmag-tb.jpg" alt="THE SPORTSMAN'S MAGAZINE PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY: SPORTSMAN'S MAGAZINE COMPANY NEW YORK" title="THE SPORTSMAN'S MAGAZINE PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY: SPORTSMAN'S MAGAZINE COMPANY NEW YORK" /></a></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+An 80-Page Monthly Magazine, Written, Illustrated, Edited,
+and Published</div>
+
+<h3>&quot;By Sportsmen and For Sportsmen.&quot;</h3>
+
+<div class='center'><b><i><span class="u">20 CENTS A COPY.&nbsp; &nbsp; $2.00 A YEAR.</span></i></b></div>
+
+
+<p>Send <i>Postal Card</i> for 16-page illustrated prospectus for 1897, and
+<i>premium list</i> of guns, pistols, bicycles, fishing-rods, and all other
+sporting goods offered free for new subscriptions to <i>The Sportsman's
+Magazine</i>.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class='center'><b>Send five 2-cent stamps for SAMPLE COPY.</b></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class='center'>
+<b><i>Address</i> THE SPORTSMAN'S MAGAZINE,</b><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 10.5em;"><b>377 Broadway, New York.</b></span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Mention <span class='smcap'>The Great Round World.</span><a name="Page_657" id="Page_657"></a></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/title.jpg" alt="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" title="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" /></p>
+
+<div class='center'><b><span class='smcap'>Vol.</span> 1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class='smcap'>April</span> 22, 1897.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class='smcap'>No.</span> 24</b></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+
+<p>The news from Cuba this week confirms the story of the capture of Gen.
+Ruis Rivera.</p>
+
+<p>It seems that the Spanish General, Velazco, was told by some of his scouts
+that Rivera was encamped in the near neighborhood, and only had a force of
+one hundred men with him.</p>
+
+<p>Acting on this information, the Spaniards surrounded the camp and attacked
+the Cubans, who fought bravely until they were finally overpowered.</p>
+
+<p>General Rivera was severely wounded, and was therefore unable to make his
+escape; the Spaniards captured him, just as his chief of staff was trying
+to carry him away to a place of safety.</p>
+
+<p>Both men were taken prisoner and conveyed to San Cristobal. They will be
+tried by court-martial, and it is feared that the General will be shot as
+a rebel. If Rivera is shot, it will create a great deal of indignation, as
+it is the custom to exchange prisoners of war, and not to kill them.
+General Weyler has, however, sent out a proclamation, that any man found
+outside the Spanish limits without a proper pass shall be shot, and as<a name="Page_658" id="Page_658"></a>
+Rivera of course had no pass from the Spaniards, it is feared that Weyler
+may take advantage of his proclamation to have the unfortunate General
+shot.</p>
+
+<p>The Cuban war, however, seems to be on such a strong footing that even the
+loss of Ruis Rivera cannot seriously hurt the cause. Another General has
+already been appointed in his place, and though his loss will cause much
+sorrow, the affairs of the little island will not be interfered with.</p>
+
+<p>It is said that Gen. Julio Sanguily, the Cuban who has just been released
+from prison through the influence of our Government, will return to Cuba
+and take command of the army lately commanded by Rivera.</p>
+
+<p>A full account has reached us of the landing of the filibustering
+expedition that left our shores on board the <i>Laurada</i>, and under the
+charge of General Roloff.</p>
+
+<p>It appears that the Cubans have done very clever work in this expedition,
+both in getting the arms on board the <i>Laurada</i>, and in landing them when
+they reached Cuba.</p>
+
+<p>It was decided that the expedition should land at Banes, an important
+seaport on the northwestern coast of Santiago de Cuba. A few days before
+the ship was expected, the Cubans appeared in large numbers at Banes,
+ready to attack the Spanish soldiers, who occupied a small fort there.</p>
+
+<p>You will remember that Santiago de Cuba is the province which the Cubans
+have under control, and which is really &quot;Free Cuba.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The Cubans are so strong in this province, that the Spaniards remain in
+such forts as they hold, and <a name="Page_659" id="Page_659"></a>make very few attempts to interfere with the
+insurgents.</p>
+
+<p>At Banes, the insurgents appeared in such numbers that the soldiers did
+not venture out of the fort, and left them to occupy the town in peace.</p>
+
+<p>When the <i>Laurada</i> appeared in sight, the commander of the Cuban forces
+sent word to the fort that the <i>Laurada</i> had some very heavy guns on
+board, which would be turned on the fort the instant the Spanish made an
+attempt to interfere with the unloading of the cargo. He added that the
+<i>Laurada's</i> guns would blow the whole fort to pieces in a very few
+minutes.</p>
+
+<p>The Spanish commander decided that he would take their word for it, and
+not trouble the <i>Laurada</i> to prove the truth of the statement. The vessel
+steamed up to the wharf, and the expedition disembarked with ease and
+comfort.</p>
+
+<p>Report says that the Cubans and Spaniards were so friendly together, that
+they even held a peaceful parley, in which the Spanish informed their new
+friends that they were a little short of water at the fort, and the
+obliging Cubans sent them up a fresh supply.</p>
+
+<p>It is a great advance for the Cubans to have the free use of a port, where
+they can safely receive their cargoes, and it shows very clearly that
+success is indeed, coming to the Cuban arms.</p>
+
+<p>Another filibustering expedition, supposed to be that taken by the
+<i>Bermuda</i>, has landed in Pinar del Rio, near Mariel, and about fifty miles
+from Havana.</p>
+
+<p>This section of the country is, however, the stronghold of the Spaniards,
+and so the insurgents did not have such an easy time in landing as they
+did in Santiago.<a name="Page_660" id="Page_660"></a></p>
+
+<p>The Spaniards had been warned of the arrival of the vessel, and allowed
+the cargo and men to be landed without interference, but prepared an
+ambush for the party, as it was making its way inland.</p>
+
+<p class="figcenter"><a href="./images/6.jpg"><img src="./images/6-tb.jpg" alt="Gen. Ruis Rivera" title="Gen. Ruis Rivera" /></a></p>
+
+<p>The Cubans fell into the trap set for them, and were beaten. The Spaniards
+in their turn were making off <a name="Page_661" id="Page_661"></a>with the booty, when a larger body of
+insurgents arrived on the scene, fought the Spaniards, put them to flight,
+and carried off the recaptured cargo to a place of safety.</p>
+
+<p>The news from Havana is that Gomez has done exactly as it was said he
+would: he has slipped past Weyler, and left him hunting for him in Santa
+Clara. Weyler was sure of catching his enemy this time, for he had divided
+his army into two columns, and thought that with them he had covered the
+entire country. But Gomez was too smart for him. He slipped between the
+two columns, at one time camping within three miles of Weyler; and is now
+well on his way to join the Western army.</p>
+
+<p>All classes in Havana are uneasy and dissatisfied, and the anger against
+the Government and its manner of conducting the war is being expressed
+more openly every day.</p>
+
+<p>The soldiers are in such a state of anger that the officers no longer dare
+trust them in the towns, for fear that they will mutiny.</p>
+
+<p>The regular soldiers have received no pay for seven months, and are
+rebellious on that account. The volunteers are furious, because the
+weapons the Spanish Government gave them when they first enlisted, which
+were rifles of the very finest kind, have been taken from them, and
+replaced with old-fashioned weapons that have been in storage on the
+island since the war ten years ago.</p>
+
+<p>Their fine rifles have been taken from them since the rumors of the
+Carlist uprising, and they are angry because they declare that the
+Government is putting all the good weapons in the hands of the home
+soldiers, so <a name="Page_662" id="Page_662"></a>that when they are sent back to Spain they can carry them
+along.</p>
+
+<p>There is a report that the governments of Spain and Cuba are discussing a
+plan for making peace.</p>
+
+<p>It is impossible to say whether this is true or false, but it is a
+splendid thing if true.</p>
+
+<p>Our Government is to send a commissioner to Cuba, to make full inquiries
+into the death of Dr. Ruiz.</p>
+
+<p>This commissioner will probably be Judge Day, a well-known lawyer of
+Canton, Ohio, and a personal friend of the President's.</p>
+
+<p>The duties of the commissioner, besides making the most careful
+investigation into the Ruiz case, will be to find out what the real state
+of affairs in Cuba is at the present time. If his report is favorable to
+Cuba, it may induce the President to help the Cubans.</p>
+
+<p>Gen. Fitz-Hugh Lee, our Consul-General in Havana, has absolutely refused
+to have anything to do with the Ruiz case. He declares that the
+examination will not be a fair one, and that nothing will be gained by it.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>There is very little change in the situation in Crete.</p>
+
+<p>The insurgents are fighting bravely, and the Powers, though doing their
+best to prevent trouble, are in much the same position that they were a
+week ago.</p>
+
+<p>The real excitement of the week has been the landing from the British
+warships of a troop of Highlanders. These soldiers, by their extraordinary
+dress, caused a panic among the Turks, who, not knowing whether they were
+friends or foes, mortals or bogies, proceeded to attack them.<a name="Page_663" id="Page_663"></a></p>
+
+<p>The Turkish officers with great difficulty succeeded in quieting their men
+and persuading them that the Highlanders were men and friends, but the
+fame and the terror of them spread all over the island.</p>
+
+<p>The insurgents heard that a new race of men had been landed by the allies,
+and in their ignorance and superstition they fancied that some new and
+terrible kind of creature had been sent against them.</p>
+
+<p>There was a small panic among the Cretans for a few days, and it was not
+until they had sent scouts to discover what kind of beings these were, and
+the report had come back that these terrible Highlanders were but men
+after all, that they had the courage to continue the fighting.</p>
+
+<p>This is not the first time that the appearance of these men has struck
+terror into the heart of an enemy, and in truth they are a very imposing
+body of men, all of them over six feet in height. They walk with the
+light, springing step that is peculiar to all Highlanders, and they hardly
+seem to touch the ground as they march over it. They march to the music of
+the bagpipes, which adds not a little to the awe which, they inspire. The
+bagpipe is of all instruments the most uncanny and weird. When you see a
+Highland regiment marching to the music of bagpipes, it seems to be the
+only true music to which soldiers should march. Its wails and shrieks
+sound like the groans of the dying, and the drone of the bass notes has a
+fierce sound as it throbs and marks the tramp of the soldiers' feet, that
+speaks of battle and conquests, and the advance of a victorious army.</p>
+
+<p>These are not the only things which help to make foreigners believe the
+Highlanders some uncommon <a name="Page_664" id="Page_664"></a>kind of creature. In addition, the costume they
+wear is so strange, that it is easy to understand how terrible they must
+appear to foreign eyes.</p>
+
+<p>They are dressed in the old Scotch fashion, with short stockings, bare
+knees, and kilts (a short skirt which comes nearly to the knee). Over
+their shoulders hangs the &quot;plaidie,&quot; which is a long shawl. They wear a
+tight coat, and in front of them hangs the sporran, a pocket made of white
+fur. The crowning glory of the Highland regiment is the bonnet. This is a
+hideous structure of brown beaver; it is over a foot in height, and from
+the side hang three mournful black plumes. This curious dress makes the
+men look about eight feet high, and as they are all strong,
+broad-shouldered fellows, they seem like giants.</p>
+
+<p>At the battle of the Alma, in the Crimean war, the Forty-Second
+Highlanders turned the fate of the fight by their appearance.</p>
+
+<p>They were ordered to attack a position held by the Russians, and when they
+sprang forward to the charge, their kilts and plaids floating around them,
+their bare knees glistening, and their huge bonnets and waving plumes
+making them look so tall, the Russians were terror-stricken. Seeing their
+white sporrans wave as they ran, the Russians mistook them for small
+horses, and could not believe that these terrible-looking creatures were
+but men running.</p>
+
+<p>Crying out to each other that the Angels of Death on their snow-white
+horses were riding them down, the Russians dropped their arms, and fled in
+the greatest confusion.</p>
+
+<p>Stories without number are told of the way Highlanders, left <a name="Page_665" id="Page_665"></a>on the field
+of battle, have frightened the enemy into letting them escape, and a piper
+seems to need no protection but his pipes. In the Indian mutiny, one blast
+of them was enough to scatter a score of natives.</p>
+
+<p class="figcenter"><a href="./images/11.jpg"><img src="./images/11-tb.jpg" alt="Her Majesty's Scottish Highlanders." title="Her Majesty's Scottish Highlanders." /></a></p>
+
+
+<p>It is not to be wondered at that both Cretans and Turks were a little
+alarmed at the sight of these brawny, petticoated soldiers.<a name="Page_666" id="Page_666"></a></p>
+
+<p>The main part of the interest in Greek and Turkish affairs is centring
+itself along the Greek frontier.</p>
+
+<p>The Powers sent word to Greece, that unless the troops are recalled from
+the frontier, they will blockade all her ports.</p>
+
+<p>In the mean while, the Crown Prince has arrived at Larissa, and taken the
+command of the troops in Thessaly. The Crown Princess is with him, to
+organize a Red Cross Society, to give aid to the wounded in case war
+breaks out. This good, kind woman has put aside all her own feelings, and
+is working for the benefit of her husband's people.</p>
+
+<p>The Greeks show no disposition to obey the demands of the Powers, and it
+is said that Russia refused to join in blockading the Greek ports, because
+she believed that it is no longer possible to keep peace between Greece
+and Turkey.</p>
+
+<p>The Greek army along the frontier is so large and powerful as to be beyond
+the control of diplomacy. It is stated, on good authority, that if the
+King of Greece were to listen to the Powers, and order the troops back
+from Thessaly, the army would revolt, dethrone him, and carry on a war on
+its own account.</p>
+
+<p>So incensed are the people against the Turks, that nothing will satisfy
+them but war, and the winning back of such of their provinces as are still
+under Turkish control.</p>
+
+<p>It is said that the Greeks are not attempting to make a strongly fortified
+position for themselves on the frontier. They consider themselves an
+invading army, and the moment war is declared, they intend <a name="Page_667" id="Page_667"></a>to swarm over
+the border, and, if possible, conquer the provinces that once were theirs.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The inquiry into the Transvaal Raid is still going on.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Jameson has been called before the Committee, and appears to have told
+all he knows of the matter.</p>
+
+<p>His story makes things look very black indeed for Mr. Cecil Rhodes, the
+Prime Minister of Cape Colony, and perhaps for the English Government
+also, if the whisper is true that Mr. Rhodes and the Government perfectly
+understood each other as regarded South African matters.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Jameson said that before the raid occurred, he had various talks with
+Cecil Rhodes and John Hays Hammond, an American mining engineer, who lived
+in the town of Johannesburg, and was one of the principal movers in the
+plot.</p>
+
+<p>They spoke about the troubles of the foreigners in the Transvaal. Mr.
+Hammond declared that the Boers made life so difficult for foreigners that
+unless some change was made, the people of Johannesburg would revolt.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Jameson went to Pretoria at Mr. Hammond's invitation, and saw for
+himself the condition of things.</p>
+
+<p>Plans were then made to overthrow the government, and to make a pretence
+of finding out who the people would prefer to have for a President, by
+taking a man-to-man vote of the whole population. The person chosen by
+this vote was to be declared President.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Jameson was to bring his soldiers to Johannesburg, to keep order while
+the vote of the people was being taken.<a name="Page_668" id="Page_668"></a></p>
+
+<p>This plan, while it was fair enough in sound, was in fact an infamous
+scheme to trick the Boers out of their rights.</p>
+
+<p>The Uitlanders, as we told you before, far outnumber the Boers.</p>
+
+<p>By taking a vote of the whole population, every Uitlander would have had a
+vote; these foreigners would of course have voted for the person who would
+let them have things their own way, and as they outnumbered the natives,
+the poor Boers would have had their rights taken away from them by
+foreigners, who, according to their laws, had no right to vote at all.</p>
+
+<p>The scheme was as clever as it was infamous. To the world it would have
+seemed fair enough, and only those familiar with South African politics
+would have understood what a shameful trick it was.</p>
+
+<p>There is small doubt that Mr. Hammond was as deep in this fraud as Cecil
+Rhodes and Dr. Jameson. He may have hoped to win the presidency when Oom
+Paul Krueger was put out of office, and very probably did not realize that
+Mr. Rhodes and Jameson intended to annex the Transvaal to the English
+Territory, after they had stolen it from the Boers.</p>
+
+<p>It is, however, sure, from Dr. Jameson's own words, that the Raid was a
+deliberate attempt on the part of these three men to rob the Boers of
+their rights, and divide the spoil when the deed was done.</p>
+
+<p>Both Cecil Rhodes and Dr. Jameson have been bold enough to state this,
+cloaking their misdeed under a tale of gaining more lands for their
+beloved sovereign, and both have had the courage to say that they only
+made one mistake in the Transvaal matter, and that <a name="Page_669" id="Page_669"></a>was to fail. Had they
+been successful, they would have been forgiven.</p>
+
+<p>The angry feeling between the Boers and the English is daily growing
+stronger. It is feared that war cannot be prevented.</p>
+
+<p>President Krueger is preparing for the worst by allying himself with the
+Orange Free State, his neighbor on the east.</p>
+
+<p>The treaty has just been made, and is waiting to be ratified by the
+Congress of each country. It gives the citizens of both republics the
+right of citizenship in either country, and binds each to fight for the
+other in case of war.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Chamberlain, the English Colonial Secretary, is trying his best to
+upset this treaty.</p>
+
+<p>He declares that, according to an understanding made between England and
+the Transvaal in 1884, the Boers have the right to govern their country as
+they please, but they must not enter into any treaties or relations with
+other countries, without the consent of England.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Chamberlain says that Her Majesty the Queen will insist upon the terms
+of this treaty being obeyed.</p>
+
+<p>Though England is taking such a very decided stand in the matter, she is
+far from feeling at ease as to the result. It seems that Germany is taking
+more interest in the affairs of South Africa than is pleasant to England.</p>
+
+<p>It is feared that if war does break out in the Transvaal, Germany will
+join with the Boers and the people of the Orange Free State in fighting
+England.</p>
+
+<p>Germany already owns a rich province in the neighborhood, and she has for
+some time been sending arms <a name="Page_670" id="Page_670"></a>and soldiers, able to teach the Boers the art
+of war, across the continent, from her province on the West Coast, to the
+Transvaal.</p>
+
+<p>She has lately sent three thousand of her soldiers out to South Africa.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>While we are on the subject of Africa, we must speak of the expeditions
+that are being sent out from France to Abyssinia, with the object of
+making commercial treaties with King Menelik.</p>
+
+<p>England is also sending out an envoy to the same country.</p>
+
+<p>The reason for this sudden interest in Abyssinia comes from the great
+victory won by the Abyssinians last year, a victory which brought them
+into importance as a nation.</p>
+
+<p>In 1896 the Italians, who have colonized a portion of Eastern Africa,
+bordering on Abyssinia, invaded their neighbor's country, with the
+intention of conquering it and adding it to their own.</p>
+
+<p>The Abyssinians, a race of dark-skinned people whom we have been
+accustomed to look upon as savages, met the Italians on the open field of
+battle, and, without ambush or any of the usual savage methods of warfare,
+defeated them, the Italians leaving twelve thousand killed on the field.</p>
+
+<p>The civilized nations had hardly recovered from their surprise at this
+defeat, when they were astounded afresh to find that the savage king
+Menelik had no desire to overrun the Italian country and punish the
+invaders for their attack, but having put them outside his borders, he
+settled quietly down to enjoy the blessings of peace.<a name="Page_671" id="Page_671"></a></p>
+
+<p>The eyes of the world were turned on Abyssinia and its wonderful king, and
+the result has been that the various nations interested in Eastern Africa
+have decided that the friendship of Menelik is well worth having, and they
+are all hastening to make friends with this powerful king.</p>
+
+<p>The French have been especially eager to make an alliance with him, before
+any other nations could get ahead of them. Abyssinia is a country rich in
+gold and ivory, and the friendship of Menelik is also valuable, because of
+the trade that can be done with his country. One expedition has been sent
+by the government to make the treaty, and at the same time another has
+started under the command of Prince Henry of Orleans.</p>
+
+<p>This last has no political work to do, but is going in the interest of
+science and commerce. The Prince intends to explore the country, and find
+out what its chief products are, and what part of its commerce will be of
+value to his country.</p>
+
+<p>He is writing most interesting accounts of his journey, which are being
+published in the papers, and we shall probably hear much that is new and
+interesting of this country.</p>
+
+<p>In one of his letters he gave an amusing account of the astonishment of
+the natives over a graphophone (a present for King Menelik).</p>
+
+<p>He at first put in a cylinder on which was recorded a song, sung by a
+great singer.</p>
+
+<p>Strange to say, the natives received this with neither interest nor
+astonishment; the single voice did not seem anything out of the way to
+them. When, however, a cylinder with orchestral music, bugle calls, and <a name="Page_672" id="Page_672"></a>a
+stirring march was put in place, their delight and surprise knew no
+bounds.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The mention of this brings another wonderful invention to mind, the
+animatograph, the machine which throws pictures on a sheet; the figures in
+them move as though they are alive.</p>
+
+<p>During the Queen's Jubilee, which will be celebrated in London this
+spring, it has been arranged to have a number of animatograph pictures
+taken of the procession and all the finest part of the ceremonies. These,
+it is said, are to be kept in the library of the British Museum, to show
+future generations what kind of people lived in the nineteenth century.</p>
+
+<p>This should be a very interesting collection, and probably, if the idea is
+successfully carried out, we shall have a set of these same pictures
+brought to this country, and be able to see just how our English cousins
+celebrated their great festival.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The news of the floods continues to be very serious.</p>
+
+<p>At New Orleans the Mississippi River has reached the danger level, and the
+severe rain-storms which have visited the country during the past week
+have made the people in the city very anxious.</p>
+
+<p>Certain of the streets are already swamps, and the river has risen within
+a foot and a half of the top of the levees.</p>
+
+<p>The convicts have been sent out from the prisons to help pile the sacks of
+earth on the levees, and companies of engineers are stationed at all the
+weak spots along them, to guard against the banks giving way.</p>
+
+<p>All along the river people are sending petitions to <a name="Page_673" id="Page_673"></a>the various mayors
+and governors, begging them to forbid the river steamers travelling during
+the night, and to have them move as slowly as possible during the day. The
+wash from the paddle-wheels after they pass has done a great deal of
+damage, and in many places has helped to break the levees.</p>
+
+<p class="figcenter"><a href="./images/19.jpg"><img src="./images/19-tb.jpg" alt="The Mississippi flood. A Typical scene." title="The Mississippi flood. A Typical scene." /></a></p>
+
+<p>In several of the river towns all business has been forbidden, and all the
+men ordered to go to the levees and help to shore them up.</p>
+
+<p>The slightest extra ripple of the waters at New Orleans brings them over
+the banks and floods the streets, but the banks are still safe.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>England has just presented a very valuable manuscript to us, that has long
+been kept in the Bishop of London's palace at Fulham.</p>
+
+<p>This book is called the log of the <i>Mayflower</i>, and is an account of the
+first voyage of the Pilgrim Fathers, and a history of the Plymouth
+Plantation.<a name="Page_674" id="Page_674"></a></p>
+
+<p>Several previous attempts have been made to get this manuscript from
+England, but it has remained for Ambassador Bayard to secure the gift for
+us.</p>
+
+<p>The manuscript is supposed to have been written by Gov. William Bradford,
+and if this is true, it can hardly be the log of the <i>Mayflower</i>, because
+the log is usually kept by the captain.</p>
+
+<p>Every ship that sails the sea keeps a log, or log-book, in which is
+entered the progress the ship is making, and any facts of interest as they
+occur. It is in reality the ship's diary, but it is called a log-book,
+because its chief object is to record the speed of the vessel.</p>
+
+<p>This speed is found by using an instrument called a log, which is attached
+to a line, divided into equal spaces by knots. These are placed certain
+distances apart, so many to a mile. The log is made in such a way that it
+will remain almost stationary in the water when thrown overboard. The
+line, wound upon a reel, is allowed to run out for a few seconds; the
+number of knots that have been paid off the reel are counted, and in this
+way the speed of the vessel is calculated.</p>
+
+<p>The book in which the record is kept is called a &quot;log&quot;-book.</p>
+
+<p>The book that England is giving to us is probably the diary of William
+Bradford, which he kept while on board the <i>Mayflower</i>, and it is said to
+record the account of the colony after the landing, and to contain many
+interesting accounts of the treaties with the Indians.</p>
+
+<p>It is to be kept in the Boston Public Library.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+<p><a name="Page_675" id="Page_675"></a></p>
+
+<p>The Tariff Bill has been hurried through the House of Representatives,
+and, having passed that House, has now gone up to the Senate.</p>
+
+<p>There seems to have been a good deal of haste in the manner this was done.</p>
+
+<p>Talking over alterations was not allowed, and the bill was forced to a
+vote, in spite of the fact that many of the Republicans were against it.</p>
+
+<p>Several Congressmen said they would not have voted for it, unless quite
+sure that it would be much altered by the Senate before it is allowed to
+pass.</p>
+
+<p>The Senate is still busy with the Arbitration Treaty.</p>
+
+<p>Amendment after amendment has been made, until it is now a very different
+paper from the one handed in by Mr. Olney. Many of the Senators are so
+disgusted with all the talk and trouble over it, that they are inclined to
+vote against it, and put an end to the whole affair.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The Charter of the City of Greater New York has been prepared, and New
+York City is now ready to begin its life as the second largest city in the
+world, London being the largest.</p>
+
+<p>Greater New York will take in the whole of Staten Island, Brooklyn, the
+Lower Bay as far as Far Rockaway, the whole of Queens County Long Island,
+then across the Sound to Pelham, and along the line of Westchester County,
+taking in Woodlawn Cemetery, the town of Mt. Vernon, and on until it
+reaches the Hudson River at Mount St. Vincent.</p>
+
+<p>The new city will come into existence January 1, 1898.</p>
+
+<p>The Charter for its government, which has been prepared, provides <a name="Page_676" id="Page_676"></a>that
+the entire city shall be governed by one mayor, who shall hold office for
+four years.</p>
+
+<p>The new city can build schoolhouses, public buildings, bridges, docks,
+tunnels, construct parks, establish ferries, open streets, and make
+railroads without going to the State Legislature in Albany for permission.</p>
+
+<p>The number of square miles contained in the new city will be 360; the
+greatest length will be 35 miles, measured from Mt. St. Vincent on the
+Hudson to Tottenville on Staten Island.</p>
+
+<p>It is expected that with the wonderful harbors and docks the new city will
+possess, its future as a centre of commerce will be most prosperous.</p>
+
+<p>The Mayor of this great city will be a very important person, and great
+care must be taken in choosing the right man.</p>
+
+<p>The election of the officers of Greater New York will take place next
+November.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 20.5em;">G</span><span class='smcap'>enie H. Rosenfeld.</span><br />
+<a name="Page_677" id="Page_677"></a></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>INVENTION AND DISCOVERY.</h2>
+
+
+<p><span class='smcap'>Fish-Hook Book</span>.&mdash;A book has been invented for carrying
+fish-hooks, and it promises to be of great use to all those who find
+pleasure in the gentle art of angling.</p>
+
+<p>It is a book arranged somewhat like a wallet. At one end is a strong
+leather pocket for flies, then stretched across it are four ledges. Each
+ledge has a number of slits in it. At the end opposite the pocket is the
+first ledge, and into the slits in this ledge the hooks are placed. The
+short line attached to the hook is carried to the next ledge, and
+carefully slipped into a slit opposite to the one which holds the hook.
+The line is carried over another ledge to be finally anchored in the one
+nearer the pocket. When the book is closed the ledges fit into each other,
+and the fish-hooks are kept in place and therefore cannot get tangled.</p>
+
+<p>The book is of a convenient size and is likely to find many admirers.</p>
+
+<p>A patent was lately issued to a man who has invented a means of cutting
+the pages of the magazines for us.</p>
+
+<p>His idea is to bind a strong thread into every page that needs cutting,
+and when we would cut the pages there is nothing to be done but to pull
+the thread and this cuts the page.</p>
+
+<p>The next thing to be invented should be a machine that reads the magazine
+for us, and tells us what is in them.</p>
+
+<p>The nearest approach we have made to this idea is in reading stories to
+the phonograph, and having the instrument repeat them to us.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 22em;">G.H.R.</span><br />
+<a name="Page_678" id="Page_678"></a></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>LETTERS FROM OUR YOUNG FRIENDS.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Another heavy mail this week. The Editor's friends are getting so numerous
+that a strike of the postmen on the route may be expected.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><span class='smcap'>Dear Editor:</span>
+
+<p>    Three daily readers of <span class='smcap'>The Great Round World</span> wish to
+    know if Queen Victoria is allowed to see the daily papers. We
+    once heard or read somewhere that certain things are cut from
+    the papers and handed to her on a beautiful silver tray&mdash;such
+    articles as her advisors think it best for her to see; but she
+    cannot read all the daily papers as common folks do. Will you
+    kindly answer in next week's number of the Magazine, and oblige
+    three constant and interested readers of the Magazine?</p></div>
+
+<div>
+<span style="margin-left: 21em;">J</span><span class='smcap'>ohn Eliot R.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 21em;">U</span><span class='smcap'>rsula Francis R.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 21em;">H</span><span class='smcap'>elen L.H.</span><br />
+</div>
+
+<div><span style="margin-left: 2em;">P</span><span class='smcap'>lainfield, New Jersey</span>, March 31st, 1897.<br /><br /></div>
+
+
+<div><span class='smcap'>My Dear Young Friends:</span></div>
+
+<p>In reply to your letter asking how Queen Victoria gets her news, I must
+tell you that she is perhaps the most advanced and progressive woman in
+the world.</p>
+
+<p>Though she is such an old lady, she keeps herself thoroughly posted about
+everything that goes on in the world. There is no question as to what she
+shall be allowed to read&mdash;she reads everything that is of interest to her;
+but that she may not waste her precious time looking over worthless
+articles, her secretaries are instructed to read the papers first every
+morning, and see what is worthy the Queen's reading.</p>
+
+<p>From long habit they know the subjects that are of interest to Her
+Majesty, and these they carefully outline with a blue pencil.<a name="Page_679" id="Page_679"></a></p>
+
+<p>It has always been the custom for one of the Princesses, the Queen's
+daughters, to read these items to her.</p>
+
+<p>No clippings are sent to the Queen; the papers are marked and sent to her
+as they are.</p>
+
+<p>Her Majesty really has a Great Round World made for herself every day, for
+the secretaries are like your Editor&mdash;they do their best to call the
+Sovereign's attention only to such matters as are really important and
+true.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 22.5em;">E</span><span class='smcap'>ditor.</span><br />
+<br /><br /></p>
+
+<div>
+<i>To Ernest K., Lakewood, N.J.</i>
+</div>
+
+
+<p><span class='smcap'>Dear Ernest</span>:&mdash;We were very pleased to receive your letter, but we
+will not publish it, because we think you could write us a much better
+one, that would be well worth putting in our paper.</p>
+
+<p>Won't you tell us something about golf, or what you see when you go out
+riding? We think you could write a very interesting letter on either of
+these subjects.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 22.5em;">E</span><span class='smcap'>ditor.</span><br />
+<br /><br /></p>
+
+<div>
+<i>Sydney G., Baltimore, and A.V.N. Myers, Cornwall-on-Hudson:</i><br />
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Thank you for your kind letter. We are glad you find <span class='smcap'>The Great Round
+World</span> interesting.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 27.5em;">E</span><span class='smcap'>ditor.</span><br />
+<br /><br /></p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><span class='smcap'>Dear Mr. Editor:</span>
+
+<p>    I have had only two of your papers. I like them very much. I am
+    going to save them and have them bound. It is so muddy here, and
+    it was muddier last week; the mud was half a foot deep. There is
+    a man that runs a dray-wagon here, and he has two little mules.
+    He whips them almost to death.<a name="Page_680" id="Page_680"></a></p>
+
+<p>    A little while ago a poor dog went by with a tin can tied to his
+    tail; the boys that did this filled it full of dirt, and the
+    poor dog was half scared to death.</p>
+
+<p>    Perhaps I ought not to be so familiar, as this is the first
+    letter I have written to you.</p>
+
+<p>    Our neighbors are nice people. They have a little pug dog. There
+    was a black cat in the yard, and the dog ran after it. It seemed
+    as if the cat was crazy. It dragged its hind legs behind it, and
+    pulled them with its front legs, and crawled under the barn
+    before the dog got to it.</p>
+
+<p>    I guess I will close now.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 22em;">Your loving friend,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 28em;">G</span><span class='smcap'>ray F.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">W</span><span class='smcap'>ayne, Nebr.</span>, March, 1897.<br />
+<br /><br /></p>
+
+
+
+<div><span class='smcap'>My Dear Gray:</span></div>
+
+<p>We enjoyed your letter very much; it is very bright and interesting.</p>
+
+<p>When we read it we said, Master Gray has gone off with his pen and paper
+all by himself to write to us, and that pleased us very much, because we
+want all our boys and girls to talk to us in their letters just as if they
+were speaking to us.</p>
+
+<p>You seem to be a friend of dumb animals. Read Little Friend's letter to
+us, in No. 19, page 498. Would you not like to form a Band of Mercy to
+help your animal friends? Think of that poor cat, who was probably
+half-dead with fright, and the doggie with the can tied to his tail. Would
+you not like to know just how to help these poor little kindly things, who
+cannot help themselves?    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class='smcap'>Editor.</span><br /><br /></p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><span class='smcap'>Dear Mr. Editor:</span>
+
+<p>    I wish to tell Grace of some good books. Three of C.M. Yonge's
+    books, &quot;Dynevor Terrace,&quot; &quot;The Daisy Chain,&quot;<a name="Page_681" id="Page_681"></a> and its sequel,
+    &quot;The Trial,&quot; are stories of English boys and girls, much like
+    &quot;Little Women.&quot; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps' &quot;Gypsy Breynton&quot; series
+    are good. The last of the series &quot;Gypsy's Year at the Golden
+    Crescent&quot; is a boarding-school story. &quot;The Five Little Peppers&quot;
+    series by Margaret Sidney are her best books. The five little
+    Pepper boys and girls live in &quot;the little brown house&quot; with
+    &quot;Mamsy.&quot; Their father is dead, and they are very poor. They gain
+    a rich friend, a very nice boy named Jasper, and all go to live
+    in his father's house, &quot;Mamsy&quot; becoming the housekeeper. It is
+    all written in a delightful and natural manner.</p>
+
+<p>    Flora Shaw's three books, &quot;Hector,&quot; &quot;Phyllis Browne,&quot; and
+    &quot;Castle Blair,&quot; are also good. In the first, Hector, a little
+    English boy, goes to France to live with his little country
+    cousin Z&eacute;lie. In the second a little Pole, Count Ladislas
+    Starinski, comes to England to live with his English cousins.
+    The last is the story of five Irish boys and girls, their big
+    dog Royal, and their two cousins Frankie and a French girl
+    Adrienne (whose name they could not pronounce, and so they
+    called her Nessa, after one of their dogs which had died, and
+    which they said looked like her).</p>
+
+<p>    Elizabeth Champney's &quot;Witch Winnie&quot; series are very interesting.
+    The first two, &quot;Witch Winnie&quot; and &quot;Witch Winnie's Mystery,&quot; are
+    boarding-school stories.</p>
+
+<p>    Other good books are: &quot;When I Was Your Age,&quot; by Laura Richards;
+    &quot;Two Girls,&quot; and &quot;Girls Together,&quot; by Miss Blanchard; &quot;Half a
+    Dozen Girls,&quot; by Anna Chapin Ray; &quot;Dr. Gilbert's Daughters,&quot; by
+    Margaret Matthews; &quot;Captain Polly,&quot; &quot;Flying Hill Farm,&quot; and &quot;The
+    Mate of The Mary Ann,&quot; by Sophie Sweet; &quot;Summer in a Canon,&quot; and
+    &quot;Polly Oliver's Problem,&quot; by Kate D. Wiggin; The &quot;Katy Did&quot;
+    series, by Susan Coolidge; the Quinnebasset Series, by Sophie
+    May, comprising &quot;The Doctor's Daughter,&quot; &quot;Asbury Twins,&quot; &quot;Our
+    Helen,&quot; &quot;Janet,&quot; and &quot;Quinnebasset Girls&quot;; &quot;The Jolly Good Time&quot;
+    books, by Mary P. Wells Smith; and all <a name="Page_682" id="Page_682"></a>the books of Lucy C.
+    Lillie, Nora Perry, Mrs. Mead, and Mrs. Molesworth.</p>
+
+<p>    I have read and enjoyed all the above, and can recommend them to
+    any one as delightful stories of boys and girls.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 28em;">E</span><span class='smcap'>dith.</span><br />
+<br /></p>
+
+
+<div><span class='smcap'>My Dear Edith:</span></div>
+
+<p>We are glad to have your nice letter to publish, and will be pleased to
+have you read for us.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 26em;">E</span><span class='smcap'>ditor.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><span class='smcap'>Dear Mr. Editor:</span>
+
+<p>    Miss Bessy reads <span class='smcap'>The Great Round World</span>, and will you
+    please send me a pattern of the kite of Lieutenant Wise?</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 20em;">Yours truly,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 21.5em;">S</span><span class='smcap'>ydney G.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">B</span><span class='smcap'>altimore, Md.</span>, March 26th, 1897.<br />
+<br /></p>
+
+
+<div><span class='smcap'>My Dear Sydney G.:</span></div>
+
+<p>&quot;The American Boy's Book of Sport,&quot; published by Charles Scribner's Sons,
+and mentioned in No. 21 of <span class='smcap'>The Great Round World</span>, will tell you
+how to make kites of all kinds. We cannot promise that you will find
+Lieutenant Wise's kite there, because we think he has kept the manner of
+making his kite a secret, and will do so until he has quite finished his
+experiments with it.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 25em;">T</span><span class='smcap'>he Editor.</span><br />
+<br /></p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><span class='smcap'>Dear Mr. Editor:</span>
+
+<p>    I take <span class='smcap'>The Great Round World</span>, and like it very much. In
+    your last number you spoke of &quot;Singing Mice.&quot; Can you tell me,
+    where can they be got? If they can be bought, where and how
+    much?</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">Yours truly,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 27em;">W</span><span class='smcap'>illie T.H.</span><br />
+<a name="Page_683" id="Page_683"></a><br /></p>
+
+
+<div><span class='smcap'>Dear Willie:</span></div>
+
+<p>Singing mice are very rare; but we have been to the store where we get our
+lizards, and tadpoles, and goldfish, and the man who keeps it has promised
+to see if he can hear of one. If he is fortunate enough to find such a
+mouse he is to let us know, and if you send us your address we will tell
+you how much he wants for it, and where you can see it.</p>
+
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 29.5em;">E</span><span class='smcap'>ditor.</span><br />
+<br /></p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><span class='smcap'>Dear Editor:</span>
+
+<p>    A number of us girls have formed a society named The Daffodil
+    Reading Circle, of which I am the president. We meet at the
+    different girls' houses every week. I subscribe for <span class='smcap'>The
+    Great Round World</span>. It is one of the principal things we
+    read, and we all enjoy it very much. We were very much
+    interested in the article about the cuttlefish or octopus found
+    on the coast of Florida, in Number 16. I am surprised to hear
+    to-day that it has been examined by some scientific men, who say
+    that it is not an octopus at all, but only the head of a
+    deformed whale. I am very anxious to hear what the truth is
+    about it.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 21em;">Your interested reader,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 29em;">F</span><span class='smcap'>lorence C.R.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">J</span><span class='smcap'>ersey City, N.J.,</span> March 20, 1897.<br />
+<br /></p>
+
+
+<div><span class='smcap'>Dear Florence:</span></div>
+
+<p>We have written to the Smithsonian Institution about the cuttlefish. The
+reply has not reached us in time for this number, but next week we hope to
+be able to tell you what the scientific men have decided about it. That
+the monster found was the head of a whale was only the opinion of some of
+the gentlemen who examined it. We believe that no absolute decision was
+arrived at.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 22em;">T</span><span class='smcap'>he Editor.</span><br />
+<a name="Page_684" id="Page_684"></a></p>
+
+
+<p>We were very much pleased to get an account of a gold mine published in a
+recent number, for we want our boys and girls to write letters describing
+the different industries of the United States. A number of New York boys a
+few days since went to Waterbury, Conn., and visited various factories; we
+publish two of their letters, and hope that we may receive similar letters
+from boys and girls in different parts of the country. In almost every
+town there is something which can be written about.<a name="Page_685" id="Page_685"></a></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>OUR EXCURSION TO WATERBURY.</h2>
+
+
+<p>On Thursday last the three upper classes visited Waterbury, Conn., to
+inspect some of the numerous industries for which the town is so famous,
+and returned Friday night, filled with great thoughts of the wonders of
+Yankee inventive genius.</p>
+
+<p>While there we had the good fortune to be admitted to a pin-factory, an
+iron-foundry, a watch-factory, and the most extensive brass-works in the
+world.</p>
+
+<p>I shall here limit myself to a brief description of the last.</p>
+
+<p>Brass is made by melting together in large crucibles certain proportions
+of copper and zinc. The heat applied must be considerable, for during the
+fusion of the two metals a white flame from the zinc and a green one from
+the copper flash from the mouth of the crucible. When properly mixed the
+molten alloy is poured into rectangular or cylindrical moulds. After
+cooling, the bars are driven between immense rollers, to be formed into
+sheet-brass. This process is very much like rolling out dough for
+pie-crust, and is repeated many times. But the great pressure to which the
+sheets are subjected makes the alloy very brittle, so that it has to be
+softened or &quot;annealed,&quot; as it is called, by being heated red-hot in very
+large ovens before each re-rolling. When the sheets have attained the
+required thinness, they are cut into widths and lengths suitable for easy
+handling, transportation, and manufacture.</p>
+
+<p>We also saw sheets of copper and German silver <a name="Page_686" id="Page_686"></a>made in a similar manner.
+The latter is simply brass that has had some nickel added to it to make it
+white like silver.</p>
+
+<p>The cylindrical casts above mentioned are placed in machines that draw
+them into wire or tubing. The process is a most interesting one, though
+rather difficult to describe.</p>
+
+<p>A large quantity of the products of these works is used directly in the
+very town, in factories for making clocks, watches, pins, and other
+articles.</p>
+
+<p>It is interesting and curious to note how the manufacture of brass in this
+country originally started.</p>
+
+<p>During the war of 1812 many useful articles became scarce; among these
+were buttons. A man named Benedict, who lived in Waterbury, began to make
+them out of bone, and became very prosperous.</p>
+
+<p>About 1830 &quot;Dame Fashion&quot; ordained that brass or gilt buttons should be
+worn. At first Benedict imported brass from England, but as he could not
+get it of the required thinness, he resolved to make it himself. As copper
+was scarce, he travelled about the country, buying up old copper kettles
+and other things made of copper, which he melted with zinc, and had the
+resulting brass slabs rolled at a neighboring iron rolling-mill. In this
+way the great brass industry of the United States started. Its product is
+now valued at $60,000,000 a year.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 27.5em;">H</span><span class='smcap'>.H. Rogers, Jr.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">A</span><span class='smcap'>pril</span> 6th, 1897.<br />
+<a name="Page_687" id="Page_687"></a></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>PINS.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Among the factories of interest in and around Waterbury, Conn., is the
+Clinton Pin Factory. This is one of the largest in America, and has
+perhaps the most highly developed machinery in the world.</p>
+
+<p>It is well to remember that the pin-machine is a purely American
+invention, and its immense advantage can be fully appreciated if we recall
+that it does the work that was required of eighteen distinct hands hardly
+more than fifty years ago.</p>
+
+<p>Pins are made of either brass or iron wire. Those made of the latter are
+much cheaper, as the price of iron wire varies from three to five cents a
+pound, while brass wire is usually worth fourteen.</p>
+
+<p>The wire is fed to the machine from large reels. It is first cut into the
+proper lengths by a small steel knife, so arranged that when the regular
+length of wire is drawn, the knife descends and cuts it off. Next, each
+small piece of wire, for we can hardly call it anything else yet, is
+headed by a sharp rap from a small automatic hammer. Lastly, the blunt
+ends are pointed by passing over a series of rapidly revolving
+emery-wheels, and the pin falls, the essentially completed article, into a
+large box, at the rate of three or four per second.</p>
+
+<p>The pins are now placed in large vats, filled with soft soap and water, to
+be freed from the dirt and grease gathered while passing through the
+machine. After being thoroughly washed, they are put in the &quot;hopper,&quot;
+mixed with bran or sawdust, to be dried. The <a name="Page_688" id="Page_688"></a>hopper is shaken rapidly,
+and the clean, dry pins fall out at one side, the sawdust at the other.</p>
+
+<p>The tinning or &quot;silvering&quot; process is next in order. To accomplish this,
+the pins are put into a vessel containing a solution of cream of tartar
+and tin, and boiled for four or five hours. From this they come forth
+bright and silvery-looking, to be dried again as before, previous to the
+final operation of polishing.</p>
+
+<p>The pins are now ready to be put on papers. The machine which does this is
+perhaps one of the most ingenious ever constructed. Quantities of pins are
+thrown from time to time into a rapidly vibrating hopper, which causes
+them to pass, one by one, into a trough-like slide, that holds the pins by
+the head; consequently the imperfect ones are automatically rejected. They
+then slide along a groove to the main body of the machine, where they fall
+into slits properly distanced, and are pressed into the paper in rows,
+twelve in all, containing five hundred and sixteen pins.</p>
+
+<p>Shield or safety-pins are made in about the same way, only there are
+twelve instead of three different stages before the pin issues from the
+machine absolutely complete. After this it has to be washed and tinned as
+above described.</p>
+
+<p>The factory has more than fifty machines, which operate themselves so
+perfectly that they require the supervision of about ten men only.</p>
+
+<p>It has been estimated that more than fifteen thousand gross of pins per
+day, or five million gross per annum, are turned out by this one concern.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 22em;">G</span><span class='smcap'>eorge C. Cannon.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">March 29th, 1897.</span><br />
+<a name="Page_689" id="Page_689"></a></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Great Round World Polisher">
+<tr><td align='left'><h2 style="text-align: left;">That Rust</h2></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='center'>ON YOUR WHEEL CAN BE<br /> TAKEN OFF IN TWO MINUTES<br /> WITH A RAG AND SOME</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>PRICE<br />25 CENTS</td>
+<td align='left'><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span class="u">Great Round</span></h2>
+<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span class="u">World Polisher</span></h2></td></tr>
+
+</table></div>
+
+
+<div class='center'>FOR SALE BY ALL DEALERS</div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><span class="u"><b>EXAMINATIONS</b></span></h2>
+
+<div>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Have you thought of the Relief Maps for examination work?</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Are you following from day to day the war in the East?</span><br />
+</div>
+
+
+<h2>Klemm's Relief Practice Maps</h2>
+
+<div>are especially adapted to examination work, as they are perfectly free
+from all political details. ANY examination work may be done on them.</div>
+
+<p>For following the EASTERN QUESTION use Klemm's Roman Empire, and record
+each day's events. Small flags attached to pins, and moved on a map as the
+armies move, keep the details before you in a most helpful way, especially
+when you use the Relief Maps.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Klemm's Maps">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>SAMPLE SET RELIEF MAPS (15), $1.00</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>SAMPLE ROMAN EMPIRE,&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 10 CENTS</b></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<div class='center'><b>WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON, &middot; &middot; 5 West 18th Street, N.Y.</b><a name="Page_690" id="Page_690"></a></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/favbicycle.jpg" alt="Which is your favorite bicycle?" title="Which is your favorite bicycle?" /></p>
+
+<p class='center'>You have your choice of any wheel in the market if you send us one hundred
+regular subscriptions to the</p>
+
+<h2>&quot;Great Round World&quot;</h2>
+
+<p>Show the paper to your friends, and you will soon find one hundred people
+who will be glad to subscribe. Send the subscriptions in to us as fast as
+received, and when the one hundredth, reaches us you can go to ANY dealer
+YOU choose, buy ANY wheel YOU choose, and we will pay the bill.</p>
+
+<p>Six-months' subscriptions will be counted as one-half, three-months' as
+one-quarter.</p>
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+<div class='center'><span class="u"><i>SAMPLE COPIES WILL BE FURNISHED AT HALF PRICE. (SEE OTHER OFFERS)</i></span></div>
+
+<div class='center'><br /><br /><br />Great Round World<br />
+3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World And What Is
+Going On In It, April 22, 1897,  Vol. 1, No. 24, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
+***** This file should be named 15471-h.htm or 15471-h.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/4/7/15471/
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+</body>
+</html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,1519 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World And What Is Going On
+In It, April 22, 1897,  Vol. 1, No. 24, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World And What Is Going On In It, April 22, 1897,  Vol. 1, No. 24
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop
+
+Release Date: March 26, 2005 [EBook #15471]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the PG Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team. (www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+_FIVE CENTS._
+
+THE GREAT ROUND WORLD
+
+AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT
+
+    SUBSCRIPTION PRICE. APRIL 22, 1897  Vol. 1. NO. 24
+    $2.50 PER YEAR
+    [Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second-class matter]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER FOR BOYS AND GIRLS
+
+    WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON. PUBLISHER
+
+    NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY
+
+=Copyright, 1897, by WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: THE SPORTSMAN'S MAGAZINE PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY: SPORTSMAN'S
+MAGAZINE COMPANY NEW YORK]
+
+    An 80-Page Monthly Magazine, Written, Illustrated, Edited,
+    and Published
+
+    ="By Sportsmen and For Sportsmen."=
+
+    =_20 CENTS A COPY.    $2.00 A YEAR._=
+
+Send _Postal Card_ for 16-page illustrated prospectus for 1897, and
+_premium list_ of guns, pistols, bicycles, fishing-rods, and all other
+sporting goods offered free for new subscriptions to _The Sportsman's
+Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=Send five 2-cent stamps for SAMPLE COPY.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    =_Address_ THE SPORTSMAN'S MAGAZINE,
+                     377 Broadway, New York.=
+
+Mention THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND
+WORLD
+AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.]
+
+    VOL. 1   APRIL 22, 1897.   NO. 24
+
+        *       *       *       *       *
+
+The news from Cuba this week confirms the story of the capture of Gen.
+Ruis Rivera.
+
+It seems that the Spanish General, Velazco, was told by some of his scouts
+that Rivera was encamped in the near neighborhood, and only had a force of
+one hundred men with him.
+
+Acting on this information, the Spaniards surrounded the camp and attacked
+the Cubans, who fought bravely until they were finally overpowered.
+
+General Rivera was severely wounded, and was therefore unable to make his
+escape; the Spaniards captured him, just as his chief of staff was trying
+to carry him away to a place of safety.
+
+Both men were taken prisoner and conveyed to San Cristobal. They will be
+tried by court-martial, and it is feared that the General will be shot as
+a rebel. If Rivera is shot, it will create a great deal of indignation, as
+it is the custom to exchange prisoners of war, and not to kill them.
+General Weyler has, however, sent out a proclamation, that any man found
+outside the Spanish limits without a proper pass shall be shot, and as
+Rivera of course had no pass from the Spaniards, it is feared that Weyler
+may take advantage of his proclamation to have the unfortunate General
+shot.
+
+The Cuban war, however, seems to be on such a strong footing that even the
+loss of Ruis Rivera cannot seriously hurt the cause. Another General has
+already been appointed in his place, and though his loss will cause much
+sorrow, the affairs of the little island will not be interfered with.
+
+It is said that Gen. Julio Sanguily, the Cuban who has just been released
+from prison through the influence of our Government, will return to Cuba
+and take command of the army lately commanded by Rivera.
+
+A full account has reached us of the landing of the filibustering
+expedition that left our shores on board the _Laurada_, and under the
+charge of General Roloff.
+
+It appears that the Cubans have done very clever work in this expedition,
+both in getting the arms on board the _Laurada_, and in landing them when
+they reached Cuba.
+
+It was decided that the expedition should land at Banes, an important
+seaport on the northwestern coast of Santiago de Cuba. A few days before
+the ship was expected, the Cubans appeared in large numbers at Banes,
+ready to attack the Spanish soldiers, who occupied a small fort there.
+
+You will remember that Santiago de Cuba is the province which the Cubans
+have under control, and which is really "Free Cuba."
+
+The Cubans are so strong in this province, that the Spaniards remain in
+such forts as they hold, and make very few attempts to interfere with the
+insurgents.
+
+At Banes, the insurgents appeared in such numbers that the soldiers did
+not venture out of the fort, and left them to occupy the town in peace.
+
+When the _Laurada_ appeared in sight, the commander of the Cuban forces
+sent word to the fort that the _Laurada_ had some very heavy guns on
+board, which would be turned on the fort the instant the Spanish made an
+attempt to interfere with the unloading of the cargo. He added that the
+_Laurada's_ guns would blow the whole fort to pieces in a very few
+minutes.
+
+The Spanish commander decided that he would take their word for it, and
+not trouble the _Laurada_ to prove the truth of the statement. The vessel
+steamed up to the wharf, and the expedition disembarked with ease and
+comfort.
+
+Report says that the Cubans and Spaniards were so friendly together, that
+they even held a peaceful parley, in which the Spanish informed their new
+friends that they were a little short of water at the fort, and the
+obliging Cubans sent them up a fresh supply.
+
+It is a great advance for the Cubans to have the free use of a port, where
+they can safely receive their cargoes, and it shows very clearly that
+success is indeed, coming to the Cuban arms.
+
+Another filibustering expedition, supposed to be that taken by the
+_Bermuda_, has landed in Pinar del Rio, near Mariel, and about fifty miles
+from Havana.
+
+This section of the country is, however, the stronghold of the Spaniards,
+and so the insurgents did not have such an easy time in landing as they
+did in Santiago.
+
+The Spaniards had been warned of the arrival of the vessel, and allowed
+the cargo and men to be landed without interference, but prepared an
+ambush for the party, as it was making its way inland.
+
+[Illustration: Gen. Ruis Rivera]
+
+The Cubans fell into the trap set for them, and were beaten. The Spaniards
+in their turn were making off with the booty, when a larger body of
+insurgents arrived on the scene, fought the Spaniards, put them to flight,
+and carried off the recaptured cargo to a place of safety.
+
+The news from Havana is that Gomez has done exactly as it was said he
+would: he has slipped past Weyler, and left him hunting for him in Santa
+Clara. Weyler was sure of catching his enemy this time, for he had divided
+his army into two columns, and thought that with them he had covered the
+entire country. But Gomez was too smart for him. He slipped between the
+two columns, at one time camping within three miles of Weyler; and is now
+well on his way to join the Western army.
+
+All classes in Havana are uneasy and dissatisfied, and the anger against
+the Government and its manner of conducting the war is being expressed
+more openly every day.
+
+The soldiers are in such a state of anger that the officers no longer dare
+trust them in the towns, for fear that they will mutiny.
+
+The regular soldiers have received no pay for seven months, and are
+rebellious on that account. The volunteers are furious, because the
+weapons the Spanish Government gave them when they first enlisted, which
+were rifles of the very finest kind, have been taken from them, and
+replaced with old-fashioned weapons that have been in storage on the
+island since the war ten years ago.
+
+Their fine rifles have been taken from them since the rumors of the
+Carlist uprising, and they are angry because they declare that the
+Government is putting all the good weapons in the hands of the home
+soldiers, so that when they are sent back to Spain they can carry them
+along.
+
+There is a report that the governments of Spain and Cuba are discussing a
+plan for making peace.
+
+It is impossible to say whether this is true or false, but it is a
+splendid thing if true.
+
+Our Government is to send a commissioner to Cuba, to make full inquiries
+into the death of Dr. Ruiz.
+
+This commissioner will probably be Judge Day, a well-known lawyer of
+Canton, Ohio, and a personal friend of the President's.
+
+The duties of the commissioner, besides making the most careful
+investigation into the Ruiz case, will be to find out what the real state
+of affairs in Cuba is at the present time. If his report is favorable to
+Cuba, it may induce the President to help the Cubans.
+
+Gen. Fitz-Hugh Lee, our Consul-General in Havana, has absolutely refused
+to have anything to do with the Ruiz case. He declares that the
+examination will not be a fair one, and that nothing will be gained by it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There is very little change in the situation in Crete.
+
+The insurgents are fighting bravely, and the Powers, though doing their
+best to prevent trouble, are in much the same position that they were a
+week ago.
+
+The real excitement of the week has been the landing from the British
+warships of a troop of Highlanders. These soldiers, by their extraordinary
+dress, caused a panic among the Turks, who, not knowing whether they were
+friends or foes, mortals or bogies, proceeded to attack them.
+
+The Turkish officers with great difficulty succeeded in quieting their men
+and persuading them that the Highlanders were men and friends, but the
+fame and the terror of them spread all over the island.
+
+The insurgents heard that a new race of men had been landed by the allies,
+and in their ignorance and superstition they fancied that some new and
+terrible kind of creature had been sent against them.
+
+There was a small panic among the Cretans for a few days, and it was not
+until they had sent scouts to discover what kind of beings these were, and
+the report had come back that these terrible Highlanders were but men
+after all, that they had the courage to continue the fighting.
+
+This is not the first time that the appearance of these men has struck
+terror into the heart of an enemy, and in truth they are a very imposing
+body of men, all of them over six feet in height. They walk with the
+light, springing step that is peculiar to all Highlanders, and they hardly
+seem to touch the ground as they march over it. They march to the music of
+the bagpipes, which adds not a little to the awe which, they inspire. The
+bagpipe is of all instruments the most uncanny and weird. When you see a
+Highland regiment marching to the music of bagpipes, it seems to be the
+only true music to which soldiers should march. Its wails and shrieks
+sound like the groans of the dying, and the drone of the bass notes has a
+fierce sound as it throbs and marks the tramp of the soldiers' feet, that
+speaks of battle and conquests, and the advance of a victorious army.
+
+These are not the only things which help to make foreigners believe the
+Highlanders some uncommon kind of creature. In addition, the costume they
+wear is so strange, that it is easy to understand how terrible they must
+appear to foreign eyes.
+
+They are dressed in the old Scotch fashion, with short stockings, bare
+knees, and kilts (a short skirt which comes nearly to the knee). Over
+their shoulders hangs the "plaidie," which is a long shawl. They wear a
+tight coat, and in front of them hangs the sporran, a pocket made of white
+fur. The crowning glory of the Highland regiment is the bonnet. This is a
+hideous structure of brown beaver; it is over a foot in height, and from
+the side hang three mournful black plumes. This curious dress makes the
+men look about eight feet high, and as they are all strong,
+broad-shouldered fellows, they seem like giants.
+
+At the battle of the Alma, in the Crimean war, the Forty-Second
+Highlanders turned the fate of the fight by their appearance.
+
+They were ordered to attack a position held by the Russians, and when they
+sprang forward to the charge, their kilts and plaids floating around them,
+their bare knees glistening, and their huge bonnets and waving plumes
+making them look so tall, the Russians were terror-stricken. Seeing their
+white sporrans wave as they ran, the Russians mistook them for small
+horses, and could not believe that these terrible-looking creatures were
+but men running.
+
+Crying out to each other that the Angels of Death on their snow-white
+horses were riding them down, the Russians dropped their arms, and fled in
+the greatest confusion.
+
+Stories without number are told of the way Highlanders, left on the field
+of battle, have frightened the enemy into letting them escape, and a piper
+seems to need no protection but his pipes. In the Indian mutiny, one blast
+of them was enough to scatter a score of natives.
+
+[Illustration: Her Majesty's Scottish Highlanders.]
+
+It is not to be wondered at that both Cretans and Turks were a little
+alarmed at the sight of these brawny, petticoated soldiers.
+
+The main part of the interest in Greek and Turkish affairs is centring
+itself along the Greek frontier.
+
+The Powers sent word to Greece, that unless the troops are recalled from
+the frontier, they will blockade all her ports.
+
+In the mean while, the Crown Prince has arrived at Larissa, and taken the
+command of the troops in Thessaly. The Crown Princess is with him, to
+organize a Red Cross Society, to give aid to the wounded in case war
+breaks out. This good, kind woman has put aside all her own feelings, and
+is working for the benefit of her husband's people.
+
+The Greeks show no disposition to obey the demands of the Powers, and it
+is said that Russia refused to join in blockading the Greek ports, because
+she believed that it is no longer possible to keep peace between Greece
+and Turkey.
+
+The Greek army along the frontier is so large and powerful as to be beyond
+the control of diplomacy. It is stated, on good authority, that if the
+King of Greece were to listen to the Powers, and order the troops back
+from Thessaly, the army would revolt, dethrone him, and carry on a war on
+its own account.
+
+So incensed are the people against the Turks, that nothing will satisfy
+them but war, and the winning back of such of their provinces as are still
+under Turkish control.
+
+It is said that the Greeks are not attempting to make a strongly fortified
+position for themselves on the frontier. They consider themselves an
+invading army, and the moment war is declared, they intend to swarm over
+the border, and, if possible, conquer the provinces that once were theirs.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The inquiry into the Transvaal Raid is still going on.
+
+Dr. Jameson has been called before the Committee, and appears to have told
+all he knows of the matter.
+
+His story makes things look very black indeed for Mr. Cecil Rhodes, the
+Prime Minister of Cape Colony, and perhaps for the English Government
+also, if the whisper is true that Mr. Rhodes and the Government perfectly
+understood each other as regarded South African matters.
+
+Dr. Jameson said that before the raid occurred, he had various talks with
+Cecil Rhodes and John Hays Hammond, an American mining engineer, who lived
+in the town of Johannesburg, and was one of the principal movers in the
+plot.
+
+They spoke about the troubles of the foreigners in the Transvaal. Mr.
+Hammond declared that the Boers made life so difficult for foreigners that
+unless some change was made, the people of Johannesburg would revolt.
+
+Dr. Jameson went to Pretoria at Mr. Hammond's invitation, and saw for
+himself the condition of things.
+
+Plans were then made to overthrow the government, and to make a pretence
+of finding out who the people would prefer to have for a President, by
+taking a man-to-man vote of the whole population. The person chosen by
+this vote was to be declared President.
+
+Dr. Jameson was to bring his soldiers to Johannesburg, to keep order while
+the vote of the people was being taken.
+
+This plan, while it was fair enough in sound, was in fact an infamous
+scheme to trick the Boers out of their rights.
+
+The Uitlanders, as we told you before, far outnumber the Boers.
+
+By taking a vote of the whole population, every Uitlander would have had a
+vote; these foreigners would of course have voted for the person who would
+let them have things their own way, and as they outnumbered the natives,
+the poor Boers would have had their rights taken away from them by
+foreigners, who, according to their laws, had no right to vote at all.
+
+The scheme was as clever as it was infamous. To the world it would have
+seemed fair enough, and only those familiar with South African politics
+would have understood what a shameful trick it was.
+
+There is small doubt that Mr. Hammond was as deep in this fraud as Cecil
+Rhodes and Dr. Jameson. He may have hoped to win the presidency when Oom
+Paul Krueger was put out of office, and very probably did not realize that
+Mr. Rhodes and Jameson intended to annex the Transvaal to the English
+Territory, after they had stolen it from the Boers.
+
+It is, however, sure, from Dr. Jameson's own words, that the Raid was a
+deliberate attempt on the part of these three men to rob the Boers of
+their rights, and divide the spoil when the deed was done.
+
+Both Cecil Rhodes and Dr. Jameson have been bold enough to state this,
+cloaking their misdeed under a tale of gaining more lands for their
+beloved sovereign, and both have had the courage to say that they only
+made one mistake in the Transvaal matter, and that was to fail. Had they
+been successful, they would have been forgiven.
+
+The angry feeling between the Boers and the English is daily growing
+stronger. It is feared that war cannot be prevented.
+
+President Krueger is preparing for the worst by allying himself with the
+Orange Free State, his neighbor on the east.
+
+The treaty has just been made, and is waiting to be ratified by the
+Congress of each country. It gives the citizens of both republics the
+right of citizenship in either country, and binds each to fight for the
+other in case of war.
+
+Mr. Chamberlain, the English Colonial Secretary, is trying his best to
+upset this treaty.
+
+He declares that, according to an understanding made between England and
+the Transvaal in 1884, the Boers have the right to govern their country as
+they please, but they must not enter into any treaties or relations with
+other countries, without the consent of England.
+
+Mr. Chamberlain says that Her Majesty the Queen will insist upon the terms
+of this treaty being obeyed.
+
+Though England is taking such a very decided stand in the matter, she is
+far from feeling at ease as to the result. It seems that Germany is taking
+more interest in the affairs of South Africa than is pleasant to England.
+
+It is feared that if war does break out in the Transvaal, Germany will
+join with the Boers and the people of the Orange Free State in fighting
+England.
+
+Germany already owns a rich province in the neighborhood, and she has for
+some time been sending arms and soldiers, able to teach the Boers the art
+of war, across the continent, from her province on the West Coast, to the
+Transvaal.
+
+She has lately sent three thousand of her soldiers out to South Africa.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+While we are on the subject of Africa, we must speak of the expeditions
+that are being sent out from France to Abyssinia, with the object of
+making commercial treaties with King Menelik.
+
+England is also sending out an envoy to the same country.
+
+The reason for this sudden interest in Abyssinia comes from the great
+victory won by the Abyssinians last year, a victory which brought them
+into importance as a nation.
+
+In 1896 the Italians, who have colonized a portion of Eastern Africa,
+bordering on Abyssinia, invaded their neighbor's country, with the
+intention of conquering it and adding it to their own.
+
+The Abyssinians, a race of dark-skinned people whom we have been
+accustomed to look upon as savages, met the Italians on the open field of
+battle, and, without ambush or any of the usual savage methods of warfare,
+defeated them, the Italians leaving twelve thousand killed on the field.
+
+The civilized nations had hardly recovered from their surprise at this
+defeat, when they were astounded afresh to find that the savage king
+Menelik had no desire to overrun the Italian country and punish the
+invaders for their attack, but having put them outside his borders, he
+settled quietly down to enjoy the blessings of peace.
+
+The eyes of the world were turned on Abyssinia and its wonderful king, and
+the result has been that the various nations interested in Eastern Africa
+have decided that the friendship of Menelik is well worth having, and they
+are all hastening to make friends with this powerful king.
+
+The French have been especially eager to make an alliance with him, before
+any other nations could get ahead of them. Abyssinia is a country rich in
+gold and ivory, and the friendship of Menelik is also valuable, because of
+the trade that can be done with his country. One expedition has been sent
+by the government to make the treaty, and at the same time another has
+started under the command of Prince Henry of Orleans.
+
+This last has no political work to do, but is going in the interest of
+science and commerce. The Prince intends to explore the country, and find
+out what its chief products are, and what part of its commerce will be of
+value to his country.
+
+He is writing most interesting accounts of his journey, which are being
+published in the papers, and we shall probably hear much that is new and
+interesting of this country.
+
+In one of his letters he gave an amusing account of the astonishment of
+the natives over a graphophone (a present for King Menelik).
+
+He at first put in a cylinder on which was recorded a song, sung by a
+great singer.
+
+Strange to say, the natives received this with neither interest nor
+astonishment; the single voice did not seem anything out of the way to
+them. When, however, a cylinder with orchestral music, bugle calls, and a
+stirring march was put in place, their delight and surprise knew no
+bounds.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The mention of this brings another wonderful invention to mind, the
+animatograph, the machine which throws pictures on a sheet; the figures in
+them move as though they are alive.
+
+During the Queen's Jubilee, which will be celebrated in London this
+spring, it has been arranged to have a number of animatograph pictures
+taken of the procession and all the finest part of the ceremonies. These,
+it is said, are to be kept in the library of the British Museum, to show
+future generations what kind of people lived in the nineteenth century.
+
+This should be a very interesting collection, and probably, if the idea is
+successfully carried out, we shall have a set of these same pictures
+brought to this country, and be able to see just how our English cousins
+celebrated their great festival.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The news of the floods continues to be very serious.
+
+At New Orleans the Mississippi River has reached the danger level, and the
+severe rain-storms which have visited the country during the past week
+have made the people in the city very anxious.
+
+Certain of the streets are already swamps, and the river has risen within
+a foot and a half of the top of the levees.
+
+The convicts have been sent out from the prisons to help pile the sacks of
+earth on the levees, and companies of engineers are stationed at all the
+weak spots along them, to guard against the banks giving way.
+
+All along the river people are sending petitions to the various mayors
+and governors, begging them to forbid the river steamers travelling during
+the night, and to have them move as slowly as possible during the day. The
+wash from the paddle-wheels after they pass has done a great deal of
+damage, and in many places has helped to break the levees.
+
+[Illustration: _The Mississippi flood. A Typical scene._]
+
+In several of the river towns all business has been forbidden, and all the
+men ordered to go to the levees and help to shore them up.
+
+The slightest extra ripple of the waters at New Orleans brings them over
+the banks and floods the streets, but the banks are still safe.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+England has just presented a very valuable manuscript to us, that has long
+been kept in the Bishop of London's palace at Fulham.
+
+This book is called the log of the _Mayflower_, and is an account of the
+first voyage of the Pilgrim Fathers, and a history of the Plymouth
+Plantation.
+
+Several previous attempts have been made to get this manuscript from
+England, but it has remained for Ambassador Bayard to secure the gift for
+us.
+
+The manuscript is supposed to have been written by Gov. William Bradford,
+and if this is true, it can hardly be the log of the _Mayflower_, because
+the log is usually kept by the captain.
+
+Every ship that sails the sea keeps a log, or log-book, in which is
+entered the progress the ship is making, and any facts of interest as they
+occur. It is in reality the ship's diary, but it is called a log-book,
+because its chief object is to record the speed of the vessel.
+
+This speed is found by using an instrument called a log, which is attached
+to a line, divided into equal spaces by knots. These are placed certain
+distances apart, so many to a mile. The log is made in such a way that it
+will remain almost stationary in the water when thrown overboard. The
+line, wound upon a reel, is allowed to run out for a few seconds; the
+number of knots that have been paid off the reel are counted, and in this
+way the speed of the vessel is calculated.
+
+The book in which the record is kept is called a "log"-book.
+
+The book that England is giving to us is probably the diary of William
+Bradford, which he kept while on board the _Mayflower_, and it is said to
+record the account of the colony after the landing, and to contain many
+interesting accounts of the treaties with the Indians.
+
+It is to be kept in the Boston Public Library.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Tariff Bill has been hurried through the House of Representatives,
+and, having passed that House, has now gone up to the Senate.
+
+There seems to have been a good deal of haste in the manner this was done.
+
+Talking over alterations was not allowed, and the bill was forced to a
+vote, in spite of the fact that many of the Republicans were against it.
+
+Several Congressmen said they would not have voted for it, unless quite
+sure that it would be much altered by the Senate before it is allowed to
+pass.
+
+The Senate is still busy with the Arbitration Treaty.
+
+Amendment after amendment has been made, until it is now a very different
+paper from the one handed in by Mr. Olney. Many of the Senators are so
+disgusted with all the talk and trouble over it, that they are inclined to
+vote against it, and put an end to the whole affair.
+
+       *        *        *        *        *
+
+The Charter of the City of Greater New York has been prepared, and New
+York City is now ready to begin its life as the second largest city in the
+world, London being the largest.
+
+Greater New York will take in the whole of Staten Island, Brooklyn, the
+Lower Bay as far as Far Rockaway, the whole of Queens County Long Island,
+then across the Sound to Pelham, and along the line of Westchester County,
+taking in Woodlawn Cemetery, the town of Mt. Vernon, and on until it
+reaches the Hudson River at Mount St. Vincent.
+
+The new city will come into existence January 1, 1898.
+
+The Charter for its government, which has been prepared, provides that
+the entire city shall be governed by one mayor, who shall hold office for
+four years.
+
+The new city can build schoolhouses, public buildings, bridges, docks,
+tunnels, construct parks, establish ferries, open streets, and make
+railroads without going to the State Legislature in Albany for permission.
+
+The number of square miles contained in the new city will be 360; the
+greatest length will be 35 miles, measured from Mt. St. Vincent on the
+Hudson to Tottenville on Staten Island.
+
+It is expected that with the wonderful harbors and docks the new city will
+possess, its future as a centre of commerce will be most prosperous.
+
+The Mayor of this great city will be a very important person, and great
+care must be taken in choosing the right man.
+
+The election of the officers of Greater New York will take place next
+November.
+
+                                    GENIE H. ROSENFELD.
+
+
+
+
+INVENTION AND DISCOVERY.
+
+
+FISH-HOOK BOOK.--A book has been invented for carrying
+fish-hooks, and it promises to be of great use to all those who find
+pleasure in the gentle art of angling.
+
+It is a book arranged somewhat like a wallet. At one end is a strong
+leather pocket for flies, then stretched across it are four ledges. Each
+ledge has a number of slits in it. At the end opposite the pocket is the
+first ledge, and into the slits in this ledge the hooks are placed. The
+short line attached to the hook is carried to the next ledge, and
+carefully slipped into a slit opposite to the one which holds the hook.
+The line is carried over another ledge to be finally anchored in the one
+nearer the pocket. When the book is closed the ledges fit into each other,
+and the fish-hooks are kept in place and therefore cannot get tangled.
+
+The book is of a convenient size and is likely to find many admirers.
+
+A patent was lately issued to a man who has invented a means of cutting
+the pages of the magazines for us.
+
+His idea is to bind a strong thread into every page that needs cutting,
+and when we would cut the pages there is nothing to be done but to pull
+the thread and this cuts the page.
+
+The next thing to be invented should be a machine that reads the magazine
+for us, and tells us what is in them.
+
+The nearest approach we have made to this idea is in reading stories to
+the phonograph, and having the instrument repeat them to us.
+
+    G.H.R.
+
+
+
+
+LETTERS FROM OUR YOUNG FRIENDS.
+
+
+Another heavy mail this week. The Editor's friends are getting so numerous
+that a strike of the postmen on the route may be expected.
+
+    DEAR EDITOR:
+
+    Three daily readers of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD wish to
+    know if Queen Victoria is allowed to see the daily papers. We
+    once heard or read somewhere that certain things are cut from
+    the papers and handed to her on a beautiful silver tray--such
+    articles as her advisors think it best for her to see; but she
+    cannot read all the daily papers as common folks do. Will you
+    kindly answer in next week's number of the Magazine, and oblige
+    three constant and interested readers of the Magazine?
+
+                                     JOHN ELIOT R.
+                                     URSULA FRANCIS R.
+                                     HELEN L.H.
+
+PLAINFIELD, NEW JERSEY, March 31st, 1897.
+
+
+MY DEAR YOUNG FRIENDS:
+
+In reply to your letter asking how Queen Victoria gets her news, I must
+tell you that she is perhaps the most advanced and progressive woman in
+the world.
+
+Though she is such an old lady, she keeps herself thoroughly posted about
+everything that goes on in the world. There is no question as to what she
+shall be allowed to read--she reads everything that is of interest to her;
+but that she may not waste her precious time looking over worthless
+articles, her secretaries are instructed to read the papers first every
+morning, and see what is worthy the Queen's reading.
+
+From long habit they know the subjects that are of interest to Her
+Majesty, and these they carefully outline with a blue pencil.
+
+It has always been the custom for one of the Princesses, the Queen's
+daughters, to read these items to her.
+
+No clippings are sent to the Queen; the papers are marked and sent to her
+as they are.
+
+Her Majesty really has a Great Round World made for herself every day, for
+the secretaries are like your Editor--they do their best to call the
+Sovereign's attention only to such matters as are really important and
+true.
+
+                                             EDITOR.
+
+
+
+
+    _To Ernest K., Lakewood, N.J._
+
+
+DEAR ERNEST:--We were very pleased to receive your letter, but we
+will not publish it, because we think you could write us a much better
+one, that would be well worth putting in our paper.
+
+Won't you tell us something about golf, or what you see when you go out
+riding? We think you could write a very interesting letter on either of
+these subjects.
+
+                                             EDITOR.
+
+
+    _Sydney G., Baltimore, and A.V.N. Myers, Cornwall-on-Hudson:_
+
+
+Thank you for your kind letter. We are glad you find THE GREAT ROUND
+WORLD interesting.
+
+                                                       EDITOR.
+
+
+    DEAR MR. EDITOR:
+
+    I have had only two of your papers. I like them very much. I am
+    going to save them and have them bound. It is so muddy here, and
+    it was muddier last week; the mud was half a foot deep. There is
+    a man that runs a dray-wagon here, and he has two little mules.
+    He whips them almost to death.
+
+    A little while ago a poor dog went by with a tin can tied to his
+    tail; the boys that did this filled it full of dirt, and the
+    poor dog was half scared to death.
+
+    Perhaps I ought not to be so familiar, as this is the first
+    letter I have written to you.
+
+    Our neighbors are nice people. They have a little pug dog. There
+    was a black cat in the yard, and the dog ran after it. It seemed
+    as if the cat was crazy. It dragged its hind legs behind it, and
+    pulled them with its front legs, and crawled under the barn
+    before the dog got to it.
+
+    I guess I will close now.
+
+                        Your loving friend,
+
+                                            GRAY F.
+    WAYNE, NEBR., March, 1897.
+
+
+
+MY DEAR GRAY:
+
+We enjoyed your letter very much; it is very bright and interesting.
+
+When we read it we said, Master Gray has gone off with his pen and paper
+all by himself to write to us, and that pleased us very much, because we
+want all our boys and girls to talk to us in their letters just as if they
+were speaking to us.
+
+You seem to be a friend of dumb animals. Read Little Friend's letter to
+us, in No. 19, page 498. Would you not like to form a Band of Mercy to
+help your animal friends? Think of that poor cat, who was probably
+half-dead with fright, and the doggie with the can tied to his tail. Would
+you not like to know just how to help these poor little kindly things, who
+cannot help themselves?                    EDITOR.
+
+
+    DEAR MR. EDITOR:
+
+    I wish to tell Grace of some good books. Three of C.M. Yonge's
+    books, "Dynevor Terrace," "The Daisy Chain," and its sequel,
+    "The Trial," are stories of English boys and girls, much like
+    "Little Women." Elizabeth Stuart Phelps' "Gypsy Breynton" series
+    are good. The last of the series "Gypsy's Year at the Golden
+    Crescent" is a boarding-school story. "The Five Little Peppers"
+    series by Margaret Sidney are her best books. The five little
+    Pepper boys and girls live in "the little brown house" with
+    "Mamsy." Their father is dead, and they are very poor. They gain
+    a rich friend, a very nice boy named Jasper, and all go to live
+    in his father's house, "Mamsy" becoming the housekeeper. It is
+    all written in a delightful and natural manner.
+
+    Flora Shaw's three books, "Hector," "Phyllis Browne," and
+    "Castle Blair," are also good. In the first, Hector, a little
+    English boy, goes to France to live with his little country
+    cousin Zelie. In the second a little Pole, Count Ladislas
+    Starinski, comes to England to live with his English cousins.
+    The last is the story of five Irish boys and girls, their big
+    dog Royal, and their two cousins Frankie and a French girl
+    Adrienne (whose name they could not pronounce, and so they
+    called her Nessa, after one of their dogs which had died, and
+    which they said looked like her).
+
+    Elizabeth Champney's "Witch Winnie" series are very interesting.
+    The first two, "Witch Winnie" and "Witch Winnie's Mystery," are
+    boarding-school stories.
+
+    Other good books are: "When I Was Your Age," by Laura Richards;
+    "Two Girls," and "Girls Together," by Miss Blanchard; "Half a
+    Dozen Girls," by Anna Chapin Ray; "Dr. Gilbert's Daughters," by
+    Margaret Matthews; "Captain Polly," "Flying Hill Farm," and "The
+    Mate of The Mary Ann," by Sophie Sweet; "Summer in a Canon," and
+    "Polly Oliver's Problem," by Kate D. Wiggin; The "Katy Did"
+    series, by Susan Coolidge; the Quinnebasset Series, by Sophie
+    May, comprising "The Doctor's Daughter," "Asbury Twins," "Our
+    Helen," "Janet," and "Quinnebasset Girls"; "The Jolly Good Time"
+    books, by Mary P. Wells Smith; and all the books of Lucy C.
+    Lillie, Nora Perry, Mrs. Mead, and Mrs. Molesworth.
+
+    I have read and enjoyed all the above, and can recommend them to
+    any one as delightful stories of boys and girls.
+
+                                           EDITH.
+
+
+MY DEAR EDITH:
+
+We are glad to have your nice letter to publish, and will be pleased to
+have you read for us.
+
+    EDITOR.
+
+    DEAR MR. EDITOR:
+
+    Miss Bessy reads THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, and will you
+    please send me a pattern of the kite of Lieutenant Wise?
+
+                                        Yours truly,
+                                           SYDNEY G.
+    BALTIMORE, MD., March 26th, 1897.
+
+
+MY DEAR SYDNEY G.:
+
+"The American Boy's Book of Sport," published by Charles Scribner's Sons,
+and mentioned in No. 21 of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, will tell you
+how to make kites of all kinds. We cannot promise that you will find
+Lieutenant Wise's kite there, because we think he has kept the manner of
+making his kite a secret, and will do so until he has quite finished his
+experiments with it.
+
+                                              THE EDITOR.
+
+
+    DEAR MR. EDITOR:
+
+    I take THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, and like it very much. In
+    your last number you spoke of "Singing Mice." Can you tell me,
+    where can they be got? If they can be bought, where and how
+    much?
+
+                                               Yours truly,
+                                                    WILLIE T.H.
+
+
+DEAR WILLIE:
+
+Singing mice are very rare; but we have been to the store where we get our
+lizards, and tadpoles, and goldfish, and the man who keeps it has promised
+to see if he can hear of one. If he is fortunate enough to find such a
+mouse he is to let us know, and if you send us your address we will tell
+you how much he wants for it, and where you can see it.
+
+
+                                                EDITOR.
+
+
+    DEAR EDITOR:
+
+    A number of us girls have formed a society named The Daffodil
+    Reading Circle, of which I am the president. We meet at the
+    different girls' houses every week. I subscribe for THE
+    GREAT ROUND WORLD. It is one of the principal things we
+    read, and we all enjoy it very much. We were very much
+    interested in the article about the cuttlefish or octopus found
+    on the coast of Florida, in Number 16. I am surprised to hear
+    to-day that it has been examined by some scientific men, who say
+    that it is not an octopus at all, but only the head of a
+    deformed whale. I am very anxious to hear what the truth is
+    about it.
+
+                      Your interested reader,
+                                        FLORENCE C.R.
+
+    JERSEY CITY, N.J., March 20, 1897.
+
+
+DEAR FLORENCE:
+
+We have written to the Smithsonian Institution about the cuttlefish. The
+reply has not reached us in time for this number, but next week we hope to
+be able to tell you what the scientific men have decided about it. That
+the monster found was the head of a whale was only the opinion of some of
+the gentlemen who examined it. We believe that no absolute decision was
+arrived at.
+
+                                                  THE EDITOR.
+
+
+We were very much pleased to get an account of a gold mine published in a
+recent number, for we want our boys and girls to write letters describing
+the different industries of the United States. A number of New York boys a
+few days since went to Waterbury, Conn., and visited various factories; we
+publish two of their letters, and hope that we may receive similar letters
+from boys and girls in different parts of the country. In almost every
+town there is something which can be written about.
+
+
+
+
+OUR EXCURSION TO WATERBURY.
+
+
+On Thursday last the three upper classes visited Waterbury, Conn., to
+inspect some of the numerous industries for which the town is so famous,
+and returned Friday night, filled with great thoughts of the wonders of
+Yankee inventive genius.
+
+While there we had the good fortune to be admitted to a pin-factory, an
+iron-foundry, a watch-factory, and the most extensive brass-works in the
+world.
+
+I shall here limit myself to a brief description of the last.
+
+Brass is made by melting together in large crucibles certain proportions
+of copper and zinc. The heat applied must be considerable, for during the
+fusion of the two metals a white flame from the zinc and a green one from
+the copper flash from the mouth of the crucible. When properly mixed the
+molten alloy is poured into rectangular or cylindrical moulds. After
+cooling, the bars are driven between immense rollers, to be formed into
+sheet-brass. This process is very much like rolling out dough for
+pie-crust, and is repeated many times. But the great pressure to which the
+sheets are subjected makes the alloy very brittle, so that it has to be
+softened or "annealed," as it is called, by being heated red-hot in very
+large ovens before each re-rolling. When the sheets have attained the
+required thinness, they are cut into widths and lengths suitable for easy
+handling, transportation, and manufacture.
+
+We also saw sheets of copper and German silver made in a similar manner.
+The latter is simply brass that has had some nickel added to it to make it
+white like silver.
+
+The cylindrical casts above mentioned are placed in machines that draw
+them into wire or tubing. The process is a most interesting one, though
+rather difficult to describe.
+
+A large quantity of the products of these works is used directly in the
+very town, in factories for making clocks, watches, pins, and other
+articles.
+
+It is interesting and curious to note how the manufacture of brass in this
+country originally started.
+
+During the war of 1812 many useful articles became scarce; among these
+were buttons. A man named Benedict, who lived in Waterbury, began to make
+them out of bone, and became very prosperous.
+
+About 1830 "Dame Fashion" ordained that brass or gilt buttons should be
+worn. At first Benedict imported brass from England, but as he could not
+get it of the required thinness, he resolved to make it himself. As copper
+was scarce, he travelled about the country, buying up old copper kettles
+and other things made of copper, which he melted with zinc, and had the
+resulting brass slabs rolled at a neighboring iron rolling-mill. In this
+way the great brass industry of the United States started. Its product is
+now valued at $60,000,000 a year.
+
+                              H.H. ROGERS, JR.
+
+    APRIL 6th, 1897.
+
+
+
+
+PINS.
+
+
+Among the factories of interest in and around Waterbury, Conn., is the
+Clinton Pin Factory. This is one of the largest in America, and has
+perhaps the most highly developed machinery in the world.
+
+It is well to remember that the pin-machine is a purely American
+invention, and its immense advantage can be fully appreciated if we recall
+that it does the work that was required of eighteen distinct hands hardly
+more than fifty years ago.
+
+Pins are made of either brass or iron wire. Those made of the latter are
+much cheaper, as the price of iron wire varies from three to five cents a
+pound, while brass wire is usually worth fourteen.
+
+The wire is fed to the machine from large reels. It is first cut into the
+proper lengths by a small steel knife, so arranged that when the regular
+length of wire is drawn, the knife descends and cuts it off. Next, each
+small piece of wire, for we can hardly call it anything else yet, is
+headed by a sharp rap from a small automatic hammer. Lastly, the blunt
+ends are pointed by passing over a series of rapidly revolving
+emery-wheels, and the pin falls, the essentially completed article, into a
+large box, at the rate of three or four per second.
+
+The pins are now placed in large vats, filled with soft soap and water, to
+be freed from the dirt and grease gathered while passing through the
+machine. After being thoroughly washed, they are put in the "hopper,"
+mixed with bran or sawdust, to be dried. The hopper is shaken rapidly,
+and the clean, dry pins fall out at one side, the sawdust at the other.
+
+The tinning or "silvering" process is next in order. To accomplish this,
+the pins are put into a vessel containing a solution of cream of tartar
+and tin, and boiled for four or five hours. From this they come forth
+bright and silvery-looking, to be dried again as before, previous to the
+final operation of polishing.
+
+The pins are now ready to be put on papers. The machine which does this is
+perhaps one of the most ingenious ever constructed. Quantities of pins are
+thrown from time to time into a rapidly vibrating hopper, which causes
+them to pass, one by one, into a trough-like slide, that holds the pins by
+the head; consequently the imperfect ones are automatically rejected. They
+then slide along a groove to the main body of the machine, where they fall
+into slits properly distanced, and are pressed into the paper in rows,
+twelve in all, containing five hundred and sixteen pins.
+
+Shield or safety-pins are made in about the same way, only there are
+twelve instead of three different stages before the pin issues from the
+machine absolutely complete. After this it has to be washed and tinned as
+above described.
+
+The factory has more than fifty machines, which operate themselves so
+perfectly that they require the supervision of about ten men only.
+
+It has been estimated that more than fifteen thousand gross of pins per
+day, or five million gross per annum, are turned out by this one concern.
+
+                                 GEORGE C. CANNON.
+
+    March 29th, 1897.
+
+
+
+
+=That Rust=
+
+ON YOUR WHEEL CAN BE TAKEN OFF IN TWO MINUTES WITH A RAG AND SOME
+
+=Great Round World Polisher=
+
+PRICE 25 CENTS
+
+FOR SALE BY ALL DEALERS
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+=EXAMINATIONS=
+
+    Have you thought of the Relief Maps for examination work?
+    Are you following from day to day the war in the East?
+
+
+=Klemm's Relief Practice Maps=
+
+are especially adapted to examination work, as they are perfectly free
+from all political details. ANY examination work may be done on them.
+
+For following the EASTERN QUESTION use Klemm's Roman Empire, and record
+each day's events. Small flags attached to pins, and moved on a map as the
+armies move, keep the details before you in a most helpful way, especially
+when you use the Relief Maps.
+
+    =SAMPLE SET RELIEF MAPS (15), $1.00=
+    =SAMPLE ROMAN EMPIRE,      10 CENTS=
+
+=WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON, . . 5 West 18th Street, N.Y.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Which Is Your Favorite
+
+_BICYCLE_
+
+You have your choice of any wheel in the market if you send us one hundred
+regular subscriptions to the
+
+"Great Round World"
+
+Show the paper to your friends, and you will soon find one hundred people
+who will be glad to subscribe. Send the subscriptions in to us as fast as
+received, and when the one hundredth, reaches us you can go to ANY dealer
+YOU choose, buy ANY wheel YOU choose, and we will pay the bill.
+
+Six-months' subscriptions will be counted as one-half, three-months' as
+one-quarter,
+
+_SAMPLE COPIES WILL BE FURNISHED AT HALF PRICE. (SEE OTHER OFFERS)_
+
+Great Round World
+3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World And What Is
+Going On In It, April 22, 1897,  Vol. 1, No. 24, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
+***** This file should be named 15471.txt or 15471.zip *****
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