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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/15390-8.txt b/15390-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bfdd4ab --- /dev/null +++ b/15390-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3889 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Evangeline, by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Evangeline + with Notes and Plan of Study + +Author: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow + +Annotator: W. F. Conover + +Editor: W. F. Conover + + +Release Date: March 16, 2005 [EBook #15390] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EVANGELINE *** + + + + +Produced by John Hagerson, Kevin Handy, S.R.Ellison and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + + +[Illustration: EVANGELINE.] + + + + EVANGELINE + + A TALE OF ACADIE + + + BY + + HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW + + + + Edited with Introduction, Notes and a Plan of Study + + BY + + W.F. CONOVER. + + + A. FLANAGAN CO., PUBLISHERS, + CHICAGO + + +Copyright 1899 by W.F. CONOVER + + + + +NOTE. + + +The distinctive feature of this edition of Evangeline is the PLAN OF STUDY +which forms the latter part of the volume. + +This Plan for the study of "Evangeline" is the outgrowth of several years' +teaching of this delightful poem. It has proved successful in securing very +satisfactory work from classes varying greatly in ability. It has resulted, +in a considerable majority of cases, in (1) in awakening an interest in and +a love for good literature; (2) opening up the field of literature in a +new way, and showing that much wealth may be gotten by digging below +the surface; (3) developing a considerable power of discrimination; (4) +enlarging the pupil's working vocabulary. See "Argument" on page 113. + + THE AUTHOR. + + + + +CONTENTS. + + +NOTE Page 5 + +INTRODUCTION. + THE AUTHOR 7 + THE POEM 9 + ACADIA AND THE ACADIANS 12 + +EVANGELINE: A TALE OF ACADIE. + PART THE FIRST 20 + PART THE SECOND 60 + +NOTES ON EVANGELINE. + PART ONE 107 + PART TWO 110 + +A PLAN OF STUDY. + PART I 119 + PART II 124 + PART III 142 + + + + + +INTRODUCTION. + + +THE AUTHOR. + +Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was born in Portland, Maine, February 27, 1807. +His father and mother were of English stock, his mother being a descendant +of "John Alden and Priscilla." Stephen Longfellow, his father, was a lawyer +and statesman. Henry's school life began at the age of three. When he was +six years old he could read, spell and multiply, and at the age of seven was +half way through his Latin grammar. He early showed a taste for reading, and +read not only his father's small stock of books, but frequented the Portland +Library and book stores. "The Battle of Lovell's Pond" was his first poem, +written when he was thirteen. He entered Bowdoin College at the age of +fourteen, graduating in 1825. During the latter part of his student +life there he began to show a considerable literary bent. Shortly after +graduating from Bowdoin, Longfellow was elected Professor of Modern +Languages in that institution. Before entering upon his work, he spent three +years in study and travel in Europe, returning to America in 1829. For five +and one-half years he taught in Bowdoin, during which time he began serious +work as an author. In 1834, Harvard called him to the chair of Modern +Languages. He again made a trip to Europe for further study. Longfellow was +connected with Harvard for nineteen years, resigning his position in 1854 to +devote his whole time to literature. + +His two principal prose works are "Outre Mer" and "Hyperion." The latter was +followed by a volume of poems entitled "Voices of the Night." "Ballads and +Other Poems" appeared in 1841, and showed much more talent. "Evangeline" was +written in 1847; "Hiawatha" in 1855, and the "Courtship of Miles Standish" +in 1857. "Evangeline" and "Hiawatha" are considered the best of his longer +poems. "The Building of the Ship" and "Excelsior" are perhaps the best known +of his shorter poems. + +Longfellow died at Cambridge in 1882. + + + + +THE POEM. + +"Evangeline" is considered Longfellow's masterpiece among his longer +poems. It is said to have been the author's favorite. It has a universal +popularity, having been translated into many languages. + +E.C. Stedman styles it the "Flower of American Idyls." + +"Evangeline" is a Narrative poem, since it tells a story. Some of the +world's greatest poems have been of this kind, notably the "Iliad" and the +"Odyssey" of Homer, and the "Aeneid," of Virgil. It may be also classified +as an Idyl, which is a simple, pastoral poem of no great length. + +Poetry has been defined as "impassioned expression in verse or metrical +form." All modern English poetry has metre, and much of it rhyme. By +metre is meant a regular recurrence of accented syllables among unaccented +syllables. "Evangeline" is written in what is called hexameter, having +six accents to the line. An accented syllable is followed by one or two +unaccented. A line must begin with an accented syllable, the last accent +but one be followed by two unaccented syllables, and the last by one. +Representing an accented syllable by O and an unaccented syllable by a -, +the first line of the poem would be as follows: + + O - - O - - O - - O - - O - - O - +This is the forest primeval, the murmuring pines and the hemlocks, + + "The measure lends itself easily to the lingering melancholy which + marks a greater part of the poem." + + "In reading there should be a gentle labor of the former half of the + line and gentle acceleration of the latter half."--_Scudder_. + +[Illustration: NOVA SCOTIA AND VICINITY.] + + + + +ACADIA AND THE ACADIANS. + +Acadia, now known as Nova Scotia, was settled by the French in 1607. Many of +the colonists settled in the fertile region about the Bay of Minas, an arm +of the Bay of Fundy. One of these settlements was called Grand Pre, meaning +Great Meadow. The people were industrious and thrifty and they soon attained +a considerable prosperity. + +During the early period of American History, France and England were almost +continually at war with one another, and in these wars the colonists were +concerned. At the close of what is known as Queen Anne's war, in 1713, +France ceded Acadia to the English, and it has since remained in their +possession. Some thirty-five years passed before an English settlement +was made at Halifax, the Acadians in the meantime remaining in undisturbed +possession of the country. Soon after the settlement of Halifax trouble +began between the rival colonists. + +The Acadians were, as a whole, a quiet and peaceable people, content to till +their farms and let the mother countries settle any disputes. Some of them +were not thus minded and they succeeded in causing considerable trouble. +Frequent attacks were made upon Halifax by the Indians who were supposed to +have been aided and encouraged by the Acadians. The Acadians had refused +to take the oath of allegiance to the English and this caused them to be +regarded with suspicion and fear. They had sworn fidelity on the condition +that they should not be required to bear arms against the French, with +whom they naturally sympathized, being of the same blood and religion. They +persistently refused to go further and swear allegiance. + +The English were not without blame since it must be admitted they had +covetous eyes upon the rich farms of the Acadians and an opportunity to take +possession of them would not be unwelcome. + +[Illustration: Map of Annapolis and Kings Counties.] + +The strife that had so long been going on between France and England to +determine which should rule in the New World was now at a critical point. +England's power seemed to be trembling in the balance. Her defeat meant +great disaster to the Colonies. Alarmed by Braddock's failure, the Colonists +determined something must be done to prevent the Acadians giving assistance +to the French. To send them to Canada would be to strengthen the enemy, +while to transport them to any one of the Colonies would be equally unwise +since they would there be a source of danger. It was finally decided to +scatter them among the different settlements. An order was issued requiring +all the males of Grand Pre and vicinity ten years old and upwards to +assemble in the church to hear a Proclamation of the King. Failure to attend +would result in a forfeiture of all property of the individual. On the +appointed day the men gathered in the church and heard the Mandate directing +that all their property, excepting household goods and money, should be +forfeited to the Crown and they with their families should be transported to +other lands. They were held prisoners until the time of sailing, the women +and the children gathering their belongings on the beach. The expected +transports failed to arrive on time and fear of trouble led the English +to hurry their prisoners aboard the few ships in the harbor. These were +so crowded nearly all the goods had to be left behind, and in the haste +of embarking many families, lovers and friends were parted, being carried +aboard different ships bound for different ports. + +On October 29th, 1755, the Acadians sailed away into exile, an "exile +without an end, and without an example in story." + +There is a considerable difference of opinion as to whether such extreme +measures were justified. The English Colonists evidently felt that it was +a necessary act, an act of self-preservation. It is, perhaps, no worse than +many of the horrors of war. On the other hand the Acadians had, as a whole, +committed no overt act of disloyalty, though a few of them had done so. +Should a whole community thus suffer for the wrong doing of a few? This is +certainly a difficult question. + +Those interested in the subject should read an article by Parkman in +"Harper's Magazine" for November, 1884, where he justifies the action. For +the opposite view, see "Acadia" by Edouard Richards, vol. I, chap. IV. + +The following quotations will be found of interest. The first is from +Edouard Richards; the second and third from two of contemporaries of the +exiled Acadians, Moses de les Derniers and Brook Watson. + +"All that vast bay, around which but lately an industrious people worked +like a swarm of bees, was now deserted. In the silent village, where the +doors swung idly in the wind, nothing was heard but the tramp of soldiery +and the lowing of cattle, wandering anxiously around the stables as if +looking for their masters....The total amount of live-stock owned by the +Acadians at the time of the deportation has been variously estimated by +different historians, or to speak more correctly, very few have paid any +attention to this subject....Rameau, who has made a much deeper study than +any other historian of the Acadians, sets the total at 130,000, comprising +horned cattle, horses, sheep, and pigs." + +Edouard Richard quotes the following from two contemporaries of the exiled +Acadians. "The Acadians were the most innocent and virtuous people I have +ever known or read of in any history. They lived in a state of perfect +equality, without distinction of rank in society. The title of 'Mister' was +unknown among them. Knowing nothing of luxury, or even the conveniences of +life, they were content with a simple manner of living, which they easily +compassed by the tillage of their lands. Very little ambition or avarice +was to be seen among them; they anticipated each other's wants by kindly +liberality; they demanded no interest for loans of money or other property. +They were humane and hospitable to strangers, and very liberal toward those +who embraced their religion. They were very remarkable for their inviolable +purity of morals. If any disputes arose in their transactions, they always +submitted to the decision of an arbitrator, and their final appeal was to +their priest."--_Moses de les Derniers_. + +"Young men were not encouraged to marry unless the young girl could weave +a piece of cloth, and the young man make a pair of wheels. These +accomplishments were deemed essential for their marriage settlement, and +they hardly needed anything else; for every time there was a wedding the +whole village contributed to set up the newly married couple. They built a +house for them, and cleared enough land for their immediate needs; they gave +them live stock and poultry; and nature, seconded by their own labor, soon +put them in a position to help others."--_Brook Watson_. + +[Illustration: Village of Grand Pré. Rivers Gaspereau and Avon in the +distance.] + + + + +EVANGELINE. + +PRELUDE. + + + This is the forest primeval. The murmuring pines and the hemlocks, +Bearded with moss, and in garments green, indistinct in the twilight, +Stand like Druids of eld, with voices sad and prophetic, +Stand like harpers hoar, with beards that rest on their bosoms. +Loud from its rocky caverns, the deep-voiced neighboring ocean 5 +Speaks, and in accents disconsolate answers the wail of the forest. + + This is the forest primeval; but where are the hearts that beneath it +Leaped like the roe, when he hears in the woodland the voice of the huntsman? +Where is the thatch-roofed village, the home of Acadian farmers-- +Men whose lives glided on like rivers that water the woodlands, 10 +Darkened by shadows of earth, but reflecting an image of heaven? + + Waste are those pleasant farms, and the farmers forever departed! +Scattered like dust and leaves, when the mighty blasts of October +Seize them, and whirl them aloft, and sprinkle them far o'er the ocean. +Naught but tradition remains of the beautiful village of Grand-Pre. 15 +Ye who believe in affection that hopes, and endures, and is patient, +Ye who believe in the beauty and strength of woman's devotion. +List to the mournful tradition still sung by the pines of the forest; +List to a Tale of Love in Acadie, home of the happy. + + + +PART THE FIRST. + +SECTION I. + + + In the Acadian land, on the shores of the Basin of Minas, 20 +Distant, secluded, still, the little village of Grand-Pre +Lay in the fruitful valley. Vast meadows stretched to the eastward, +Giving the village its name and pasture to flocks without number. +Dikes, that the hands of the farmers had raised with labor incessant, +Shut out the turbulent tides; but at stated seasons the flood-gates 25 +Opened and welcomed the sea to wander at will o'er the meadows. +West and south there were fields of flax, and orchards and cornfields +Spreading afar and unfenced o'er the plain; and away to the northward +Blomidon rose, and the forests old, and aloft on the mountains +Sea-fogs pitched their tents, and mists from the mighty Atlantic 30 +Looked on the happy valley, but ne'er from their station descended. +There, in the midst of its farms, reposed the Acadian village. +Strongly built were the houses, with frames of oak and of hemlock, +Such as the peasants of Normandy built in the reign of the Henries. +Thatched were the roofs, with dormer-windows; and gables projecting 35 +Over the basement below protected and shaded the doorway. +There in the tranquil evenings of summer, when brightly the sunset +Lighted the village street, and gilded the vanes on the chimneys, +Matrons and maidens sat in snow-white caps and in kirtles +Scarlet and blue and green, with distaffs spinning the golden 40 +Flax for the gossiping looms, whose noisy shuttles within doors +Mingled their sound with the whir of the wheels and the songs of the maidens. +Solemnly down the street came the parish priest, and the children +Paused in their play to kiss the hand he extended to bless them. +Reverend walked he among them; and up rose matrons and maidens, 45 +Hailing his slow approach with words of affectionate welcome. +Then came the laborers home from the field, and serenely the sun sank +Down to his rest, and twilight prevailed. Anon from the belfry +Softly the Angelus sounded, and over the roofs of the village +Columns of pale blue smoke, like clouds of incense ascending, 50 +Rose from a hundred hearths, the homes of peace and contentment. +Thus dwelt together in love these simple Acadian farmers,-- +Dwelt in the love of God and of man. Alike were they free from +Fear, that reigns with the tyrant, and envy, the vice of republics. +Neither locks had they to their doors, nor bars to their windows; 55 +But their dwellings were open as day and the hearts of the owners; +There the richest was poor, and the poorest lived in abundance. + + Somewhat apart from the village, and nearer the Basin of Minas, +Benedict Bellefontaine, the wealthiest farmer of Grand-Pre, +Dwelt on his goodly acres; and with him, directing his household, 60 +Gentle Evangeline lived, his child, and the pride of the village. +Stalworth and stately in form was the man of seventy winters; +Hearty and hale was he, an oak that is covered with snow-flakes; +White as the snow were his locks, and his cheeks as brown as the oak-leaves. +Fair was she to behold, that maiden of seventeen summers; 65 +Black were her eyes as the berry that grows on the thorn by the wayside, +Black, yet how softly they gleamed beneath the brown shade of her tresses! +Sweet was her breath as the breath of kine that feed in the meadows. +When in the harvest heat she bore to the reapers at noontide +Flagons of home-brewed ale, ah! fair in sooth was the maiden. 70 +Fairer was she, when on Sunday morn, while the bell from its turret +Sprinkled with holy sounds the air, as the priest with his hyssop +Sprinkles the congregation, and scatters blessings upon them +Down the long street she passed, with her chaplet of beads and her missal, +Wearing her Norman cap and her kirtle of blue, and the ear-rings 75 +Brought in the olden time from France, and since, as an heirloom, +Handed down from mother to child, through long generations. +But a celestial brightness--a more ethereal beauty-- +Shone on her face and encircled her form, when, after confession, +Homeward serenely she walked with God's benediction upon her. 80 +When she had passed, it seemed like the ceasing of exquisite music. + + Firmly builded with rafters of oak, the house of the farmer +Stood on the side of a hill commanding the sea; and a shady +Sycamore grew by the door, with a woodbine wreathing around it. +Rudely carved was the porch, with seats beneath; and a footpath 85 +Led through an orchard wide, and disappeared in the meadow. +Under the sycamore-tree were hives overhung by a penthouse, +Such as the traveler sees in regions remote by the roadside, +Built o'er a box for the poor, or the blessed image of Mary. +Farther down, on the slope of the hill, was the well with its moss-grown 90 +Bucket, fastened with iron, and near it a trough for the horses. +Shielding the house from storms, on the north, were the barns and the farmyard; +There stood the broad-wheeled wains and the antique plows and harrows; +There were the folds for the sheep, and there in his feathered seraglio, +Strutted the lordly turkey, and crowed the cock, with the selfsame 95 +Voice that in ages of old had startled the penitent Peter. +Bursting with hay were the barns, themselves a village. In each one +Far o'er the gable projected a roof of thatch; and a staircase, +Under the sheltering eaves, led up to the odorous cornloft. +There too the dove-cot stood, with its meek and innocent inmates 100 +Murmuring ever of love; while above in the variant breezes +Numberless noisy weathercocks rattled and sang of mutation. + + Thus, at peace with God and the world, the farmer of Grand-Pre +Lived on his sunny farm, and Evangeline governed his household. +Many a youth, as he knelt in the church and opened his missal, 105 +Fixed his eyes upon her as the saint of his deepest devotion; +Happy was he who might touch her hand or the hem of her garment! +Many a suitor came to her door, by the darkness befriended, +And, as he knocked and waited to hear the sound of her footsteps, +Knew not which beat the louder, his heart or the knocker of iron; 110 +Or, at the joyous feast of the Patron Saint of the village, +Bolder grew, and pressed her hand in the dance as he whispered +Hurried words of love, that seemed a part of the music. +But among all who came young Gabriel only was welcome; +Gabriel Lajeunesse, the son of Basil the blacksmith, 115 +Who was a mighty man in the village, and honored of all men; +For since the birth of time, throughout all ages and nations, +Has the craft of the smith been held in repute by the people. +Basil was Benedict's friend. Their children from earliest childhood +Grew up together as brother and sister; and Father Felician, 120 +Priest and pedagogue both in the village, had taught them their letters +Out of the selfsame book, with the hymns of the church and the plain-song. +But when the hymn was sung, and the daily lesson completed, +Swiftly they hurried away to the forge of Basil the blacksmith. +There at the door they stood, with wondering eyes to behold him 125 +Take in his leathern lap the hoof of the horse as a plaything, +Nailing the shoe in its place; while near him the tire of the cart-wheel +Lay like a fiery snake, coiled round in a circle of cinders. +Oft on autumnal eves, when without in the gathering darkness +Bursting with light seemed the smithy, through every cranny and crevice, 130 +Warm by the forge within they watched the laboring bellows, +And as its panting ceased, and the sparks expired in the ashes, +Merrily laughed, and said they were nuns going into the chapel. +Oft on sledges in winter, as swift as the swoop of the eagle, +Down the hillside bounding, they glided away o'er the meadow. 135 +Oft in the barns they climbed to the populous nests on the rafters, +Seeking with eager eyes that wondrous stone, which the swallow +Brings from the shore of the sea to restore the sight of its fledglings; +Lucky was he who found that stone in the nest of the swallow! +Thus passed a few swift years, and they no longer were children. 140 +He was a valiant youth, and his face, like the face of the morning, +Gladdened the earth with its light, and ripened thought into action. +She was a woman now, with the heart and hopes of a woman. +"Sunshine of St. Eulalie" was she called; for that was the sunshine +Which, as the farmers believed, would load their orchards with apples; 145 +She too would bring to her husband's house delight and abundance, +Filling it full of love and ruddy faces of children. + + +SECTION II. + + + Now had the season returned, when the nights grow colder and longer, +And the retreating sun the sign of the Scorpion enters. +Birds of passage sailed through the leaden air, from the ice-bound, 150 +Desolate northern bays to the shores of tropical islands. +Harvests were gathered in; and wild with the winds of September +Wrestled the trees of the forest, as Jacob of old with the angel. +All the signs foretold a winter long and inclement. +Bees, with prophetic instinct of want, had hoarded their honey 155 +Till the hives overflowed; and the Indian hunters asserted +Cold would the winter be, for thick was the fur of the foxes. +Such was the advent of autumn. Then followed that beautiful season, +Called by the pious Acadian peasants the Summer of All-Saints! +Filled was the air with a dreamy and magical light; and the landscape 160 +Lay as if new-created in all the freshness of childhood. +Peace seemed to reign upon earth, and the restless heart of the ocean +Was for a moment consoled. All sounds were in harmony blended. +Voices of children at play, the crowing of cocks in the farm-yards, +Whir of wings in the drowsy air, and the cooing of pigeons 165 +All were subdued and low as the murmurs of love, and the great sun +Looked with the eye of love through the golden vapors around him; +While arrayed in its robes of russet and scarlet and yellow, +Bright with the sheen of the dew, each glittering tree of the forest +Flashed like the plane-tree the Persian adorned with mantles and jewels. 170 + + Now recommenced the reign of rest and affection and stillness. +Day with its burden and heat had departed, and twilight descending +Brought back the evening star to the sky, and the herds to the homestead. +Pawing the ground they came, and resting their necks on each other, +And with their nostrils distended inhaling the freshness of evening. 175 +Foremost, bearing the bell, Evangeline's beautiful heifer, +Proud of her snow-white hide, and the ribbon that waved from her collar, +Quietly paced and slow, as if conscious of human affection. +Then came the shepherd back with his bleating flocks from the seaside, +Where was their favorite pasture. Behind them followed the watch-dog, 180 +Patient, full of importance, and grand in the pride of his instinct, +Walking from side to side with a lordly air, and superbly +Waving his bushy tail, and urging forward the stragglers; +Regent of flocks was he when the shepherd slept; their protector, +When from the forest at night, through the starry silence, the wolves howled. 185 +Late, with the rising moon, returned the wains from the marshes, +Laden with briny hay, that filled the air with its odor. +Cheerily neighed the steeds, with dew on their manes and their fetlocks, +While aloft on their shoulders the wooden and ponderous saddles, +Painted with brilliant dyes, and adorned with tassels of crimson, 190 +Nodded in bright array, like hollyhocks heavy with blossoms. +Patiently stood the cows meanwhile, and yielded their udders +Unto the milkmaid's hand; whilst loud and in regular cadence +Into the sounding pails the foaming streamlets descended. +Lowing of cattle and peals of laughter were heard in the farm-yard, 195 +Echoed back by the barns. Anon they sank into stillness; +Heavily closed, with a jarring sound, the valves of the barn-doors, +Rattled the wooden bars, and all for a season was silent. + + In-doors, warm by the wide-mouthed fireplace, idly the farmer +Sat in his elbow-chair, and watched how the flames and the smoke-wreaths 200 +Struggled together like foes in a burning city. Behind him, +Nodding and mocking along the wall with gestures fantastic, +Darted his own huge shadow, and vanished away into darkness. +Faces, clumsily carved in oak, on the back of his arm-chair, +Laughed in the flickering light, and the pewter plates on the dresser 205 +Caught and reflected the flame, as shields of armies the sunshine. +Fragments of song the old man sang, and carols of Christmas, +Such as at home, in the olden time, his fathers before him +Sang in their Norman orchards and bright Burgundian vineyards. +Close at her father's side was the gentle Evangeline seated, 210 +Spinning flax for the loom that stood in the corner behind her. +Silent awhile were its treadles, at rest was its diligent shuttle, +While the monotonous drone of the wheel, like the drone of a bagpipe, +Followed the old man's song, and united the fragments together. +As in a church, when the chant of the choir at intervals ceases, 215 +Footfalls are heard in the aisles, or words of priest at the altar, +So, in each pause of the song, with measured motion the clock clicked. + + Thus as they sat, there were footsteps heard, and, suddenly lifted, +Sounded the wooden latch, and the door swung back on its hinges. +Benedict knew by the hob-nailed shoes it was Basil the blacksmith, 220 +And by her beating heart Evangeline knew who was with him. +"Welcome!" the farmer exclaimed, as their footsteps paused on the threshold, +"Welcome, Basil, my friend! Come, take thy place on the settle +Close by the chimney-side, which is always empty without thee; +Take from the shelf overhead thy pipe and the box of tobacco; 225 +Never so much thyself art thou as when, through the curling +Smoke of the pipe or the forge, thy friendly and jovial face gleams +Round and red as the harvest moon through the mist of the marshes." +Then, with a smile of content, thus answered Basil the blacksmith, +Taking with easy air the accustomed seat by the fireside:-- 230 +"Benedict Bellefontaine, thou hast ever thy jest and thy ballad! +Ever in cheerfullest mood art thou, when others are filled with +Gloomy forebodings of ill, and see only ruin before them. +Happy art thou, as if every day thou hadst picked up a horseshoe." +Pausing a moment, to take the pipe that Evangeline brought him, 235 +And with a coal from the embers had lighted, he slowly continued:-- +"Four days now are passed since the English ships at their anchors +Ride in the Gaspereau's mouth, with their cannon pointed against us. +What their design may be is unknown; but all are commanded +On the morrow to meet in the church, where his Majesty's mandate 240 +Will be proclaimed as law in the land. Alas! in the mean time +Many surmises of evil alarm the hearts of the people." +Then made answer the farmer:--"Perhaps some friendlier purpose +Brings these ships to our shores. Perhaps the harvests in England +By untimely rains or untimelier heat have been blighted, 245 +And from our bursting barns they would feed their cattle and children." +"Not so thinketh the folk in the village," said warmly the blacksmith, +Shaking his head as in doubt; then, heaving a sigh, he continued:-- +"Louisburg is not forgotten, nor Beau Sejour, nor Port Royal. +Many already have fled to the forest, and lurk on its outskirts, 250 +Waiting with anxious hearts the dubious fate of to-morrow. +Arms have been taken from us, and warlike weapons of all kinds; +Nothing is left but the blacksmith's sledge and the scythe of the mower." +Then with a pleasant smile made answer the jovial farmer:-- +"Safer are we unarmed, in the midst of our flocks and our cornfields, 255 +Safer within these peaceful dikes besieged by the ocean, +Than our fathers in forts, besieged by the enemy's cannon. +Fear no evil, my friend, and to-night may no shadow of sorrow +Fall on this house and hearth; for this is the night of the contract. +Built are the house and the barn. The merry lads of the village 260 +Strongly have built them and well; and, breaking the glebe round about them, +Filled the barn with hay, and the house with food for a twelvemonth. +Rene Leblanc will be here anon, with his papers and inkhorn. +Shall we not then be glad, and rejoice in the joy of our children?" +As apart by the window she stood, with her hand in her lover's, 265 +Blushing Evangeline heard the words that her father had spoken, +And, as they died on his lips, the worthy notary entered. + + +SECTION III. + + + Bent like a laboring oar, that toils in the surf of the ocean, +Bent, but not broken, by age was the form of the notary public; +Shocks of yellow hair, like the silken floss of the maize, hung 270 +Over his shoulders; his forehead was high; and glasses with horn bows +Sat astride on his nose, with a look of wisdom supernal. +Father of twenty children was he, and more than a hundred +Children's children rode on his knee, and heard his great watch tick. +Four long years in the times of the war had he languished a captive, 275 +Suffering much in an old French fort as the friend of the English. +Now, though warier grown, without all guile or suspicion, +Ripe in wisdom was he, but patient, and simple, and childlike. +He was beloved by all, and most of all by the children; +For he told them tales of the Loup-garou in the forest, 280 +And of the goblin that came in the night to water the horses, +And of the white Letiche, the ghost of a child who unchristened +Died, and was doomed to haunt unseen the chambers of children; +And how on Christmas eve the oxen talked in the stable, +And how the fever was cured by a spider shut up in a nutshell, 285 +And of the marvelous powers of four-leaved clover and horseshoes, +With whatsoever else was writ in the lore of the village. +Then up rose from his seat by the fireside Basil the blacksmith, +Knocked from his pipe the ashes, and slowly extending his right hand, +"Father Leblanc," he exclaimed, "thou hast heard the talk in the village, 290 +And, perchance, canst tell us some news of these ships and their errand." +Then with modest demeanor made answer the notary public,-- +"Gossip enough have I heard, in sooth, yet am never the wiser; +And what their errand may be I know no better than others. +Yet am I not of those who imagine some evil intention 295 +Brings them here, for we are at peace; and why then molest us?" +"God's name!" shouted the hasty and somewhat irascible blacksmith; +"Must we in all things look for the how, and the why, and the wherefore? +Daily injustice is done, and might is the right of the strongest!" +But, without heeding his warmth, continued the notary public,-- 300 +"Man is unjust, but God is just; and finally justice +Triumphs; and well I remember a story, that often consoled me, +When as a captive I lay in the old French fort at Port Royal." +This was the old man's favorite tale, and he loved to repeat it +When his neighbors complained that any injustice was done them. 305 +"Once in an ancient city, whose name I no longer remember, +Raised aloft on a column, a brazen statute of Justice +Stood in the public square, upholding the scales in its left hand, +And in its right a sword, as an emblem that justice presided +Over the laws of the land, and the hearts and homes of the people. 310 +Even the birds had built their nests in the scales of the balance, +Having no fear of the sword that flashed in the sunshine above them. +But in the course of time the laws of the land were corrupted; +Might took the place of right, and the weak were oppressed, and the mighty +Ruled with an iron rod. Then it chanced in a nobleman's palace 315 +That a necklace of pearls was lost, and ere long a suspicion +Fell on an orphan girl who lived as maid in the household. +She, after form of trial condemned to die on the scaffold, +Patiently met her doom at the foot of the statue of Justice. +As to her Father in heaven her innocent spirit ascended, 320 +Lo! o'er the city a tempest rose; and the bolts of the thunder +Smote the statue of bronze, and hurled in wrath from its left hand +Down on the pavement below the clattering scales of the balance, +And in the hollow thereof was found the nest of a magpie, +Into whose clay-built walls the necklace of pearls was inwoven." 325 +Silenced, but not convinced, when the story was ended, the blacksmith +Stood like a man who fain would speak, but findeth no language; +All his thoughts were congealed into lines on his face, as the vapors +Freeze in fantastic shapes on the window-panes in the winter. + + Then Evangeline lighted the brazen lamp on the table, 330 +Filled, till it overflowed, the pewter tankard with home-brewed +Nut-brown ale, that was famed for its strength in the village of Grand-Pre; +While from his pocket the notary drew his papers and inkhorn, +Wrote with a steady hand the date and the age of the parties, +Naming the dower of the bride in flocks of sheep and in cattle. 335 +Orderly all things proceeded, and duly and well were completed, +And the great seal of the law was set like a sun on the margin. +Then from his leathern pouch the farmer threw on the table +Three times the old man's fee in solid pieces of silver; +And the notary rising, and blessing the bride and bridegroom, 340 +Lifted aloft the tankard of ale and drank to their welfare. +Wiping the foam from his lip, he solemnly bowed and departed, +While in silence the others sat and mused by the fireside, +Till Evangeline brought the draught-board out of its corner. +Soon was the game begun. In friendly contention the old men 345 +Laughed at each lucky hit, or unsuccessful manoeuvre, +Laughed when a man was crowned, or a breach was made in the king-row. +Meanwhile, apart, in the twilight gloom of a window's embrasure, +Sat the lovers and whispered together, beholding the moon rise +Over the pallid sea and the silvery mist of the meadows. 350 + + Silently, one by one, in the infinite meadows of heaven, +Blossomed the lovely stars, the forget-me-nots of the angels. + + Thus was the evening passed. Anon the bell from the belfry +Rang out the hour of nine, the village curfew, and straightway +Rose the guests and departed; and silence reigned in the household. 355 +Many a farewell word and sweet good-night on the door-step +Lingered long in Evangeline's heart, and filled it with gladness. +Carefully then were covered the embers that glowed on the hearth-stone, +And on the oaken stairs resounded the tread of the farmer. +Soon with a soundless step the foot of Evangeline followed. 360 +Up the staircase moved a luminous space in the darkness, +Lighted less by the lamp than the shining face of the maiden. +Silent she passed through the hall, and entered the door of her chamber. +Simple that chamber was, with its curtains of white, and its clothes-press +Ample and high, on whose spacious shelves were carefully folded 365 +Linen and woolen stuffs, by the hand of Evangeline woven +This was the precious dower she would bring to her husband in marriage, +Better than flocks and herds, being proofs of her skill as a housewife. +Soon she extinguished her lamp, for the mellow and radiant moonlight +Streamed through the windows, and lighted the room, till the heart of the maiden 370 +Swelled and obeyed its power, like the tremulous tides of the ocean. +Ah! she was fair, exceeding fair to behold, as she stood with +Naked snow-white feet on the gleaming floor of her chamber! +Little she dreamed that below, among the trees of the orchard, +Waited her lover and watched for the gleam of her lamp and her shadow. 375 +Yet were her thoughts of him, and at times a feeling of sadness +Passed o'er her soul, as the sailing shade of clouds in the moonlight +Flitted across the floor and darkened the room for a moment. +And, as she gazed from the window, she saw serenely the moon pass +Forth from the folds of a cloud, and one star follow her footsteps, 380 +As out of Abraham's tent young Ishmael wandered with Hagar. + + +SECTION IV. + + Pleasantly rose next morn the sun on the village of Grand-Pre. +Pleasantly gleamed in the soft, sweet air the Basin of Minas, +Where the ships, with their wavering shadows, were riding at anchor. +Life had been long astir in the village, and clamorous labor 385 +Knocked with its hundred hands at the golden gates of the morning. +Now from the country around, from the farms and neighboring hamlets, +Came in their holiday dresses the blithe Acadian peasants. +Many a glad good-morrow and jocund laugh from the young folk +Made the bright air brighter, as up from the numerous meadows, 390 +Where no path could be seen but the track of wheels in the greensward, +Group after group appeared, and joined, or passed on the highway. +Long ere noon, in the village all sounds of labor were silenced. +Thronged were the streets with people; and noisy groups at the house-doors +Sat in the cheerful sun, and rejoiced and gossiped together. 395 +Every house was an inn, where all were welcomed and feasted; +For with this simple people, who lived like brothers together, +All things were held in common, and what one had was another's. +Yet under Benedict's roof hospitality seemed more abundant: +For Evangeline stood among the guests of her father. 400 +Bright was her face with smiles, and words of welcome and gladness +Fell from her beautiful lips, and blessed the cup as she gave it. + + Under the open sky, in the odorous air of the orchard, +Stript of its golden fruit, was spread the feast of betrothal. +There in the shade of the porch were the priest and the notary seated; 405 +There good Benedict sat, and sturdy Basil the blacksmith. +Not far withdrawn from these, by the cider press and the bee-hives, +Michael the fiddler was placed, with the gayest of hearts and of waistcoats. +Shadow and light from the leaves alternately played on his snow-white +Hair, as it waved in the wind; and the jolly face of the fiddler 410 +Glowed like a living coal when the ashes are blown from the embers. +Gaily the old man sang to the vibrant sound of his fiddle, +_Tous les Bourgeois de Chartres_, and _Le Carillon de Dunkerque_, +And anon with his wooden shoes beat time to the music. +Merrily, merrily whirled the wheels of the dizzying dances 415 +Under the orchard-trees and down the path to the meadows; +Old folk and young together, and children mingled among them. +Fairest of all maids was Evangeline, Benedict's daughter! +Noblest of all the youths was Gabriel, son of the blacksmith! + + So passed the morning away. And lo! with a summons sonorous 420 +Sounded the bell from its tower, and over the meadows a drum beat. +Thronged ere long was the church with men. Without, in the churchyard, +Waited the women. They stood by the graves, and hung on the headstones +Garlands of autumn-leaves and evergreens fresh from the forest. +Then came the guard from the ships, and marching proudly among them 425 +Entered the sacred portal. With loud and dissonant clangor +Echoed the sound of their brazen drums from ceiling and casement,-- +Echoed a moment only, and slowly the ponderous portal +Closed, and in silence the crowd awaited the will of the soldiers. +Then uprose their commander, and spake from the steps of the altar, 430 +Holding aloft in his hands, with the seals, the royal commission. +"You are convened this day," he said, "by his Majesty's orders. +Clement and kind has he been; but how you have answered his kindness +Let your own hearts reply! To my natural make and my temper +Painful the task is I do, which to you I know must be grievous. 435 +Yet must I bow and obey, and deliver the will of our monarch: +Namely, that all your lands, and dwellings, and cattle of all kinds +Forfeited be to the crown; and that you yourselves from this province +Be transported to other lands. God grant you may dwell there +Ever as faithful subjects, a happy and peaceable people! 440 +Prisoners now I declare you, for such is his Majesty's pleasure!" +As, when the air is serene in the sultry solstice of summer, +Suddenly gathers a storm, and the deadly sling of the hailstones +Beats down the farmer's corn in the field, and shatters his windows, +Hiding the sun, and strewing the ground with thatch from the house-roofs, 445 +Bellowing fly the herds, and seek to break their enclosures; +So on the hearts of the people descended the words of the speaker. +Silent a moment they stood in speechless wonder, and then rose +Louder and ever louder a wail of sorrow and anger, +And, by one impulse moved, they madly rushed to the door-way. 450 +Vain was the hope of escape; and cries and fierce imprecations +Rang through the house of prayer; and high o'er the heads of the others +Rose, with his arms uplifted, the figure of Basil the blacksmith, +As, on a stormy sea, a spar is tossed by the billows. +Flushed was his face and distorted with passion; and wildly he shouted,-- 455 +"Down with the tyrants of England! we never have sworn them allegiance! +Death to these foreign soldiers, who seize on our homes and our harvests!" +More he fain would have said, but the merciless hand of a soldier +Smote him upon the mouth, and dragged him down to the pavement. + + In the midst of the strife and tumult of angry contention, 460 +Lo! the door of the chancel opened, and Father Felician +Entered, with serious mien, and ascended the steps of the altar. +Raising his reverend hand, with a gesture he awed into silence +All that clamorous throng; and thus he spake to his people; +Deep were his tones and solemn; in accents measured and mournful 465 +Spake he, as, after the tocsin's alarum, distinctly the clock strikes. +"What is this that ye do, my children? what madness has seized you? +Forty years of my life have I labored among you, and taught you, +Not in word alone, but in deed, to love one another! +Is this the fruit of my toils, of my vigils and prayers and privations? 470 +Have you so soon forgotten all lessons of love and forgiveness? +This is the house of the Prince of Peace, and would you profane it +Thus with violent deeds and hearts overflowing with hatred? +Lo! where the crucified Christ from His cross is gazing upon you! +See! in those sorrowful eyes what meekness and holy compassion! 475 +Hark! how those lips still repeat the prayer, 'O Father, forgive them!' +Let us repeat that prayer in the hour when the wicked assail us, +Let us repeat it now, and say, 'O Father, forgive them!'" +Few were his words of rebuke, but deep in the hearts of his people +Sank they, and sobs of contrition succeeded the passionate outbreak, 480 +While they repeated his prayer and said, "O Father, forgive them!" + + Then came the evening service. The tapers gleamed from the altar; +Fervent and deep was the voice of the priest, and the people responded, +Not with their lips alone, but their hearts; and the Ave Maria +Sang they, and fell on their knees, and their souls, with devotion translated, 485 +Rose on the ardor of prayer, like Elijah ascending to heaven. + + Meanwhile had spread in the village the tidings of ill, and on all sides +Wandered, wailing, from house to house the women and children. +Long at her father's door Evangeline stood, with her right hand +Shielding her eyes from the level rays of the sun, that, descending, 490 +Lighted the village street with mysterious splendor, and roofed each +Peasant's cottage with golden thatch, and emblazoned its windows. +Long within had been spread the snow-white cloth on the table; +There stood the wheaten loaf, and the honey fragrant with wild flowers; +There stood the tankard of ale, and the cheese fresh brought from the dairy; 495 +And at the head of the board the great arm-chair of the farmer. +Thus did Evangeline wait at her father's door, as the sunset +Threw the long shadows of trees o'er the broad ambrosial meadows. +Ah! on her spirit within a deeper shadow had fallen, +And from the fields of her soul a fragrance celestial ascended,-- 500 +Charity, meekness, love, and hope, and forgiveness, and patience! +Then, all forgetful of self, she wandered into the village, +Cheering with looks and words the mournful hearts of the women, +As o'er the darkening fields with lingering steps they departed, +Urged by their household cares, and the weary feet of their children. 505 +Down sank the great red sun, and in golden, glimmering vapors +Veiled the light of his face, like the Prophet descending from Sinai. +Sweetly over the village the bell of the Angelus sounded. + + Meanwhile, amid the gloom, by the church Evangeline lingered. +All was silent within; and in vain at the door and the windows 510 +Stood she, and listened and looked, until, overcome by emotion +"Gabriel!" cried she aloud with tremulous voice; but no answer +Came from the graves of the dead, nor the gloomier grave of the living. +Slowly at length she returned to the tenantless house of her father. +Smouldered the fire on the hearth, on the board was the supper untasted. 515 +Empty and drear was each room, and haunted with phantoms of terror. +Sadly echoed her step on the stair and the floor of her chamber. +In the dead of the night she heard the disconsolate rain fall +Loud on the withered leaves of the sycamore-tree by the window. +Keenly the lightning flashed; and the voice of the echoing thunder 520 +Told her that God was in heaven and governed the world He created! +Then she remembered the tale she had heard of the justice of Heaven; +Soothed was her troubled soul, and she peacefully slumbered till morning. + + +SECTION V. + + + Four times the sun had risen and set; and now on the fifth day +Cheerily called the cock to the sleeping maids of the farm-house. 525 +Soon o'er the yellow fields, in silent and mournful procession, +Came from the neighboring hamlets and farms the Acadian women, +Driving in ponderous wains their household goods to the sea-shore, +Pausing and looking back to gaze once more on their dwellings, +Ere they were shut from sight by the winding road and the woodland. 530 +Close at their sides their children ran, and urged on the oxen, +While in their little hands they clasped some fragments of playthings. + + Thus to the Gaspereau's mouth they hurried; and there on the sea-beach +Piled in confusion lay the household goods of the peasants. +All day long between the shore and the ships did the boats ply; 535 +All day long the wains came laboring down from the village. +Late in the afternoon, when the sun was near to his setting, +Echoed far o'er the fields came the roll of drums from the churchyard. +Thither the women and children thronged. On a sudden the church-doors +Opened, and forth came the guard, and marching in gloomy procession 540 +Followed the long-imprisoned, but patient, Acadian farmers. +Even as pilgrims, who journey afar from their homes and their country, +Sing as they go, and in singing forget they are weary and wayworn, +So with songs on their lips the Acadian peasants descended +Down from the church to the shore, amid their wives and their daughters. 545 +Foremost the young men came; and raising together their voices, +Sang with tremulous lips a chant of the Catholic Missions:-- +"Sacred heart of the Saviour! O inexhaustible fountain! +Fill our hearts this day with strength and submission and patience!" +Then the old men, as they marched, and the women that stood by the wayside 550 +Joined in the sacred psalm, and the birds in the sunshine above them +Mingled their notes therewith, like voices of spirits departed. + + Half-way down to the shore Evangeline waited in silence, +Not overcome with grief, but strong in the hour of affliction,-- +Calmly and sadly she waited, until the procession approached her, 555 +And she beheld the face of Gabriel pale with emotion. +Tears then filled her eyes, and, eagerly running to meet him, +Clasped she his hands, and laid her head on his shoulder, and whispered,-- +"Gabriel! be of good cheer! for if we love one another +Nothing, in truth, can harm us, whatever mischances may happen!" 560 +Smiling she spake these words; then suddenly paused, for her father +Saw she, slowly advancing. Alas! how changed was his aspect! +Gone was the glow from his cheek, and the fire from his eye, and his footstep +Heavier seemed with the weight of the heavy heart in his bosom. +But with a smile and a sigh, she clasped his neck and embraced him, 565 +Speaking words of endearment where words of comfort availed not. +Thus to the Gasperau's mouth moved on that mournful procession. + + There disorder prevailed, and the tumult and stir of embarking. +Busily plied the freighted boats; and in the confusion +Wives were torn from their husbands, and mothers, too late, saw their children 570 +Left on the land, extending their arms, with wildest entreaties. +So unto separate ships were Basil and Gabriel carried, +While in despair on the shore Evangeline stood with her father. +Half the task was not done when the sun went down, and the twilight +Deepened and darkened around; and in haste the refluent ocean 575 +Fled away from the shore, and left the line of the sand-beach +Covered with waifs of the tide, with kelp and the slippery sea-weed. +Farther back in the midst of the household goods and the wagons, +Like to a gypsy camp, or a leaguer after a battle, +All escape cut off by the sea, and the sentinels near them, 580 +Lay encamped for the night the houseless Acadian farmers. +Back to its nethermost caves retreated the bellowing ocean, +Dragging adown the beach the rattling pebbles, and leaving +Inland and far up the shore the stranded boats of the sailors. +Then, as the night descended, the herds returned from their pastures, 585 +Sweet was the moist still air with the odor of milk from their udders +Lowing they waited, and long, at the well-known bars of the farm-yard,-- +Waited and looked in vain for the voice and the hand of the milkmaid. +Silence reigned in the streets; from the church no Angelus sounded, +Rose no smoke from the roofs, and gleamed no lights from the windows. 590 + + But on the shores meanwhile the evening fires had been kindled, +Built of the drift-wood thrown on the sands from wrecks in the tempest. +Round them shapes of gloom and sorrowful faces were gathered, +Voices of women were heard, and of men, and the crying of children. +Onward from fire to fire, as from hearth to hearth in his parish, 595 +Wandered the faithful priest, consoling and blessing and cheering, +Like unto shipwrecked Paul on Melita's desolate sea-shore. +Thus he approached the place where Evangeline sat with her father, +And in the flickering light beheld the face of the old man, +Haggard and hollow and wan, and without either thought or emotion, 600 +E'en as the face of a clock from which the hands have been taken. +Vainly Evangeline strove with words and caresses to cheer him, +Vainly offered him food; yet he moved not, he looked not, he spake not, +But, with a vacant stare, ever gazed at the flickering fire-light. +_Benedicite!_ murmured the priest, in tones of compassion. 605 +More he fain would have said, but his heart was full, and his accents +Faltered and paused on his lips, as the feet of a child on a threshold, +Hushed by the scene he beholds, and the awful presence of sorrow. +Silently, therefore, he laid his hand on the head of the maiden, +Raising his tearful eyes to the silent stars that above them 610 +Moved on their way, unperturbed by the wrongs and sorrows of mortals. +Then sat he down at her side, and they wept together in silence. + + Suddenly rose from the south a light, as in autumn the blood-red +Moon climbs the crystal walls of heaven, and o'er the horizon +Titan-like stretches its hundred hands upon mountain and meadow, 615 +Seizing the rocks and the rivers, and piling huge shadows together. +Broader and ever broader it gleamed on the roofs of the village, +Gleamed on the sky and the sea, and the ships that lay in the roadstead. +Columns of shining smoke uprose, and flashes of flame were +Thrust through their folds and withdrawn, like the quivering hands of a martyr. 620 +Then, as the wind seized the gleeds and the burning thatch, and, uplifting, +Whirled them aloft through the air, at once from a hundred house-tops +Started the sheeted smoke with flashes of flame intermingled. + + These things beheld in dismay the crowd on the shore and on shipboard. +Speechless at first they stood, then cried aloud in their anguish, 625 +"We shall behold no more our homes in the village of Grand-Pre!" +Loud on a sudden the cocks began to crow in the farmyards, +Thinking the day had dawned; and anon the lowing of cattle +Came on the evening breeze, by the barking of dogs interrupted. +Then rose a sound of dread, such as startles the sleeping encampments 630 +Far in the western prairies of forests that skirt the Nebraska, +When the wild horses affrighted sweep by with the speed of the whirlwind, +Or the loud bellowing herds of buffaloes rush to the river. +Such was the sound that arose on the night, as the herds and the horses +Broke through their folds and fences, and madly rushed o'er the meadows. 635 + + Overwhelmed with the sight, yet speechless, the priest and the maiden +Gazed on the scene of terror that reddened and widened before them; +And as they turned at length to speak to their silent companion, +Lo! from his seat he had fallen, and stretched abroad on the seashore +Motionless lay his form, from which the soul had departed. 640 +Slowly the priest uplifted the lifeless head, and the maiden +Knelt at her father's side, and wailed aloud in her terror. +Then in a swoon she sank and lay with her head on his bosom. +Through the long night she lay in deep, oblivious slumber; +And when she woke from the trance, she beheld a multitude near her. 645 +Faces of friends she beheld, that were mournfully gazing upon her, +Pallid, with tearful eyes, and looks of saddest compassion. +Still the blaze of the burning village illumined the landscape. +Reddened the sky overhead, and gleamed on the faces around her, +And like the day of doom it seemed to her wavering senses. 650 +Then a familiar voice she heard, as it said to the people,-- +"Let us bury him here by the sea. When a happier season +Brings us again to our homes from the unknown land of our exile, +Then shall his sacred dust be piously laid in the churchyard." +Such were the words of the priest. And there in haste by the sea-side, 655 +Having the glare of the burning village for funeral torches, +But without bell or book, they buried the farmer of Grand-Pre. +And as the voice of the priest repeated the service of sorrow, +Lo! with a mournful sound like the voice of a vast congregation, +Solemnly answered the sea, and mingled its roar with the dirges. 660 +'T was the returning tide, that afar from the waste of the ocean, +With the first dawn of the day, came heaving and hurrying landward. +Then recommenced once more the stir and noise of embarking; +And with the ebb of the tide the ships sailed out of the harbor, +Leaving behind them the dead on the shore, and the village in ruins. 665 + + + + +PART THE SECOND. + + +SECTION I. + + Many a weary year had passed since the burning of Grand-Pre. +When on the falling tide the freighted vessels departed, +Bearing a nation, with all its household Gods, into exile, +Exile without an end, and without an example in story. +Far asunder, on separate coasts, the Acadians landed; 670 +Scattered were they, like flakes of snow, when the wind from the northeast +Strikes aslant through the fogs that darken the Banks of Newfoundland. +Friendless, homeless, hopeless, they wandered from city to city, +From the cold lakes of the North to sultry Southern savannas-- +From the bleak shores of the sea to the lands where the Father of Waters 675 +Seizes the hills in his hands, and drags them down to the ocean, +Deep in their sands to bury the scattered bones of the mammoth. +Friends they sought and homes; and many, despairing, heart-broken, +Asked of the earth but a grave, and no longer a friend nor a fireside. +Written their history stands on tablets of stone in the churchyards. 680 +Long among them was seen a maiden who waited and wandered, +Lowly and meek in spirit, and patiently suffering all things. +Fair was she and young; but, alas! before her extended, +Dreary and vast and silent, the desert of life, with its pathway +Marked by the graves of those who had sorrowed and suffered before her, 685 +Passions long extinguished, and hopes long dead and abandoned, +As the emigrant's way o'er the Western desert is marked by +Camp-fires long consumed, and bones that bleach in the sunshine. +Something there was in her life incomplete, imperfect, unfinished; +As if a morning of June, with all its music and sunshine, 690 +Suddenly paused in the sky, and fading, slowly descended +Into the east again, from whence it late had arisen. +Sometimes she lingered in towns, till, urged by the fever within her, +Urged by a restless longing, the hunger and thirst of the spirit, +She would commence again her endless search and endeavor; 695 +Sometimes in churchyards strayed, and gazed on the crosses and tombstones, +Sat by some nameless grave, and thought that perhaps in its bosom, +He was already at rest, and she longed to slumber beside him. +Sometimes a rumor, a hearsay, an inarticulate whisper, +Came with its airy hand to point and beckon her forward. 700 +Sometimes she spake with those who had seen her beloved and known him, +But it was long ago, in some far-off place or forgotten. +"Gabriel Lajeunesse!" they said; "Oh, yes! we have seen him. +He was with Basil the blacksmith, and both have gone to the prairies; +Coureurs-des-bois are they, and famous hunters and trappers." 705 +"Gabriel Lajeunesse!" said others; "Oh, yes! we have seen him. +He is a voyageur in the lowlands of Louisiana." +Then would they say, "Dear child! why dream and wait for him longer? +Are there not other youths as fair as Gabriel? Others +Who have hearts as tender and true, and spirits as loyal? 710 +Here is Baptiste Leblanc, the notary's son, who has loved thee +Many a tedious year; come, give him thy hand and be happy! +Thou art too fair to be left to braid St. Catherine's tresses." +Then would Evangeline answer, serenely but sadly, "I cannot! +Whither my heart has gone, there follows my hand, and not elsewhere. 715 +For when the heart goes before, like a lamp, and illumines the pathway, +Many things are made clear, that else lie hidden in darkness." +Thereupon the priest, her friend and father-confessor, +Said, with a smile, "O daughter! thy God thus speaketh within thee! +Talk not of wasted affection, affection never was wasted; 720 +If it enrich not the heart of another, its waters, returning +Back to their springs, like the rain, shall fill them full of refreshment; +That which the fountain sends forth returns again to the fountain. +Patience; accomplish thy labor; accomplish thy work of affection! +Sorrow and silence are strong, and patient endurance is godlike. 725 +Therefore accomplish thy labor of love, till the heart is made godlike, +Purified, strengthened, perfected, and rendered more worthy of heaven!" +Cheered by the good man's words, Evangeline labored and waited. +Still in her heart she heard the funeral dirge of the ocean, +But with its sound there was mingled a voice that whispered, "Despair not!" 730 +Thus did that poor soul wander in want and cheerless discomfort, +Bleeding, barefooted, over the shards and thorns of existence. +Let me essay, O Muse! to follow the wanderer's footsteps;-- +Not through each devious path, each changeful year of existence; +But as a traveler follows a streamlet's course through the valley: 735 +Far from its margin at times, and seeing the gleam of its water +Here and there, in some open space, and at intervals only; +Then drawing nearer its banks, through sylvan glooms that conceal it, +Though he behold it not, he can hear its continuous murmur; +Happy, at length, if he find a spot where it reaches an outlet. 740 + + +SECTION II. + + It was the month of May. Far down the Beautiful River, +Past the Ohio shore and past the mouth of the Wabash, +Into the golden stream of the broad and swift Mississippi, +Floated a cumbrous boat, that was rowed by Acadian boatmen. +It was a band of exiles: a raft, as it were, from the shipwrecked 745 +Nation, scattered along the coast, now floating together, +Bound by the bonds of a common belief and a common misfortune; +Men and women and children, who, guided by hope or by hearsay, +Sought for their kith and their kin among the few-acred farmers +On the Acadian coast, and the prairies of fair Opelousas. 750 +With them Evangeline went, and her guide, the Father Felician. +Onward o'er sunken sands, through a wilderness sombre with forests, +Day after day they glided adown the turbulent river; +Night after night, by their blazing fires, encamped on its borders. +Now through rushing chutes, among green islands, where plumelike 755 +Cotton-trees nodded their shadowy crests, they swept with the current, +Then emerged into broad lagoons, where silvery sand-bars +Lay in the stream, and along the wimpling waves of their margin, +Shining with snow-white plumes, large flocks of pelicans waded. +Level the landscape grew, and along the shores of the river, 760 +Shaded by china-trees, in the midst of luxuriant gardens, +Stood the houses of planters, with negro cabins and dove-cots. +They were approaching the region where reigns perpetual summer, +Where through the Golden Coast, and groves of orange and citron, +Sweeps with majestic curve the river away to the eastward. 765 +They, too, swerved from their course; and, entering the Bayou of Plaquemine, +Soon were lost in a maze of sluggish and devious waters, +Which, like a network of steel, extended in every direction. +Over their heads the towering and tenebrous boughs of the cypress +Met in a dusky arch, and trailing mosses in mid-air 770 +Waved like banners that hang on the walls of ancient cathedrals. +Deathlike the silence seemed, and unbroken, save by the herons +Home to their roosts in the cedar-trees returning at sunset, +Or by the owl, as he greeted the moon with demoniac laughter. +Lovely the moonlight was as it glanced and gleamed on the water, 775 +Gleamed on the columns of cypress and cedar sustaining the arches, +Down through whose broken vaults it fell as through chinks in a ruin. +Dreamlike, and indistinct, and strange were all things around them; +And o'er their spirits there came a feeling of wonder and sadness,-- +Strange forebodings of ill, unseen and that cannot be compassed. 780 +As, at the tramp of a horse's hoof on the turf of the prairies, +Far in advance are closed the leaves of the shrinking mimosa, +So, at the hoof-beats of fate, with sad forebodings of evil, +Shrinks and closes the heart, ere the stroke of doom has attained it. +But Evangeline's heart was sustained by a vision, that faintly 785 +Floated before her eyes, and beckoned her on through the moonlight. +It was the thought of her brain that assumed the shape of a phantom. +Through those shadowy aisles had Gabriel wandered before her, +And every stroke of the oar now brought him nearer and nearer. + + Then, in his place, at the prow of the boat, rose one of the oarsmen, 790 +And, as a signal sound, if others like them peradventure +Sailed on those gloomy and midnight streams, blew a blast on his bugle. +Wild through the dark colonnades and corridors leafy the blast rang, +Breaking the seal of silence and giving tongues to the forest. +Soundless above them the banners of moss just stirred to the music. 795 +Multitudinous echoes awoke and died in the distance, +Over the watery floor, and beneath the reverberant branches; +But not a voice replied; no answer came from the darkness; +And when the echoes had ceased, like a sense of pain was the silence. +Then Evangeline slept; but the boatmen rowed through the midnight, 800 +Silent at times, then singing familiar Canadian boat-songs, +Such as they sang of old on their own Acadian rivers. +While through the night were heard the mysterious sounds of the desert, +Far off,--indistinct,--as of wave or wind in the forest, +Mixed with the whoop of the crane and the roar of the grim alligator. 805 + + Thus ere another noon they emerged from the shades; and before them +Lay, in the golden sun, the lakes of the Atchafalaya. +Water-lilies in myriads rocked on the slight undulations +Made by the passing oars, and, resplendent in beauty, the lotus +Lifted her golden crown above the heads of the boatmen. 810 +Faint was the air with the odorous breath of magnolia blossoms, +And with the heat of noon; and numberless sylvan islands, +Fragrant and thickly embowered with blossoming hedges of roses, +Near to whose shores they glided along, invited to slumber. +Soon by the fairest of these their weary oars were suspended. 815 +Under the boughs of Wachita willows, that grew by the margin, +Safely their boat was moored; and scattered about on the greensward, +Tired with their midnight toil, the weary travellers slumbered. +Over them vast and high extended the cope of a cedar. +Swinging from its great arms, the trumpet-flower and the grapevine 820 +Hung their ladder of ropes aloft like the ladder of Jacob, +On whose pendulous stairs the angels ascending, descending, +Were the swift humming-birds, that flitted from blossom to blossom. +Such was the vision Evangeline saw as she slumbered beneath it. +Filled was her heart with love, and the dawn of an opening heaven 825 +Lighted her soul in sleep with the glory of regions celestial. + + Nearer, ever nearer, among the numberless islands, +Darted a light, swift boat, that sped away o'er the water, +Urged on its course by the sinewy arms of hunters and trappers. +Northward its prow was turned, to the land of the bison and beaver. 830 +At the helm sat a youth, with countenance thoughtful and careworn. +Dark and neglected locks overshadowed his brow, and a sadness +Somewhat beyond his years on his face was legibly written. +Gabriel was it, who, weary with waiting, unhappy and restless, +Sought in the Western wilds oblivion of self and of sorrow. 835 +Swiftly they glided along, close under the lee of the island, +But by the opposite bank, and behind a screen of palmettos; +So that they saw not the boat, where it lay concealed in the willows; +All undisturbed by the dash of their oars, and unseen, were the sleepers; +Angel of God was there none to awaken the slumbering maiden. 840 +Swiftly they glided away, like the shade of a cloud on the prairie. +After the sound of their oars on the tholes had died in the distance, +As from a magic trance the sleepers awoke, and the maiden +Said with a sigh to the friendly priest, "O Father Felician! +Something says in my heart that near me Gabriel wanders. 845 +Is it a foolish dream, an idle and vague superstition? +Or has an angel passed, and revealed the truth to my spirit?" +Then, with a blush, she added, "Alas for my credulous fancy! +Unto ears like thine such words as these have no meaning." +But made answer the reverend man, and he smiled as he answered,-- 850 +"Daughter, thy words are not idle; nor are they to me without meaning, +Feeling is deep and still; and the word that floats on the surface +Is as the tossing buoy, that betrays where the anchor is hidden. +Therefore trust to thy heart, and to what the world calls illusions. +Gabriel truly is near thee; for not far away to the southward, 855 +On the banks of the Teche, are the towns of St. Maur and St. Martin. +There the long-wandering bride shall be given again to her bridegroom, +There the long-absent pastor regain his flock and his sheepfold. +Beautiful is the land, with its prairies and forests of fruit-trees; +Under the feet a garden of flowers, and the bluest of heavens 860 +Bending above, and resting its dome on the walls of the forest. +They who dwell there have named it the Eden of Louisiana." + + With these words of cheer they arose and continued their journey. +Softly the evening came. The sun from the western horizon +Like a magician extended his golden wand o'er the landscape; 865 +Twinkling vapors arose; and sky and water and forest +Seemed all on fire at the touch, and melted and mingled together. +Hanging between two skies, a cloud with edges of silver, +Floated the boat, with its dripping oars, on the motionless water. +Filled was Evangeline's heart with inexpressible sweetness. 870 +Touched by the magic spell, the sacred fountains of feeling +Glowed with the light of love, as the skies and waters around her. +Then from a neighboring thicket the mocking-bird, wildest of singers, +Swinging aloft on a willow spray that hung o'er the water, +Shook from his little throat such floods of delirious music 875 +That the whole air and the woods and the waves seemed silent to listen. +Plaintive at first were the tones, and sad; then soaring to madness +Seemed they to follow or guide the revel of frenzied Bacchantes. +Single notes were then heard, in sorrowful, low, lamentation; +Till, having gathered them all, he flung them abroad in derision, 880 +As when, after a storm, a gust of wind through the tree-tops +Shakes down the rattling rain in a crystal shower on the branches. +With such a prelude as this, and hearts that throbbed with emotion, +Slowly they entered the Teche, where it flows through the green Opelousas, +And, through the amber air, above the crest of the woodland, 885 +Saw the column of smoke that arose from a neighboring dwelling;-- +Sounds of a horn they heard, and the distant lowing of cattle. + + +SECTION III. + + + Near to the bank of the river, o'ershadowed by oaks from whose branches +Garlands of Spanish moss and of mystic mistletoe flaunted, +Such as the Druids cut down with golden hatchets at Yule-tide, 890 +Stood, secluded and still, the house of the herdsman. A garden +Girded it round about with a belt of luxuriant blossoms, +Filling the air with fragrance. The house itself was of timbers +Hewn from the cypress-tree, and carefully fitted together. +Large and low was the roof; and on slender columns supported, 895 +Rose-wreathed, vine-encircled, a broad and spacious veranda, +Haunt of the humming-bird and the bee, extended around it. +At each end of the house, amid the flowers of the garden, +Stationed the dove-cots were, as love's perpetual symbol, +Scenes of endless wooing, and endless contentions of rivals. 900 +Silence reigned o'er the place. The line of shadow and sunshine +Ran near the tops of the trees; but the house itself was in shadow, +And from its chimney-top, ascending and slowly expanding +Into the evening air, a thin blue column of smoke rose. +In the rear of the house, from the garden gate, ran a pathway 905 +Through the great groves of oak to the skirts of the limitless prairie, +Into whose sea of flowers the sun was slowly descending. +Full in his track of light, like ships with shadowy canvas +Hanging loose from their spars in a motionless calm in the tropics, +Stood a cluster of trees, with tangled cordage of grapevines. 910 + + Just where the woodlands met the flowery surf of the prairie, +Mounted upon his horse, with Spanish saddle and stirrups, +Sat a herdsman, arrayed in gaiters and doublet of deerskin. +Broad and brown was the face that from under the Spanish sombrero +Gazed on the peaceful scene, with the lordly look of its master. 915 +Round about him were numberless herds of kine that were grazing +Quietly in the meadows, and breathing the vapory freshness +That uprose from the river, and spread itself over the landscape. +Slowly lifting the horn that hung at his side, and expanding +Fully his broad, deep chest, he blew a blast, that resounded 920 +Wildly and sweet and far, through the still damp air of the evening. +Suddenly out of the grass the long white horns of the cattle +Rose like flakes of foam on the adverse currents of ocean. +Silent a moment they gazed, then bellowing rushed o'er the prairie, +And the whole mass became a cloud, a shade in the distance. 925 +Then, as the herdsman turned to the house, through the gate of the garden +Saw he the forms of the priest and the maiden advancing to meet him. +Suddenly down from his horse he sprang in amazement, and forward +Pushed with extended arms and exclamations of wonder; +When they beheld his face, they recognized Basil the blacksmith. 930 +Hearty his welcome was, as he led his guests to the garden. +There in an arbor of roses with endless question and answer +Gave they vent to their hearts, and renewed their friendly embraces, +Laughing and weeping by turns, or sitting silent and thoughtful. +Thoughtful, for Gabriel came not; and now dark doubts and misgivings 935 +Stole o'er the maiden's heart; and Basil, somewhat embarrassed, +Broke the silence and said, "If you came by the Atchafalaya, +How have you nowhere encountered my Gabriel's boat on the bayous?" +Over Evangeline's face at the words of Basil a shade passed. +Tears came into her eyes, and she said, with a tremulous accent, 940 +"Gone? is Gabriel gone?" and, concealing her face on his shoulder, +All her o'erburdened heart gave way, and she wept and lamented. +Then the good Basil said,--and his voice grew blithe as he said it,-- +"Be of good cheer, my child; it is only today he departed. +Foolish boy! he has left me alone with my herds and my horses. 945 +Moody and restless grown, and tried and troubled, his spirit +Could no longer endure the calm of this quiet existence. +Thinking ever of thee, uncertain and sorrowful ever, +Ever silent, or speaking only of thee and his troubles, +He at length had become so tedious to men and to maidens, 950 +Tedious even to me, that at length I bethought me, and sent him +Unto the town of Adayes to trade for mules with the Spaniards. +Thence he will follow the Indian trails to the Ozark Mountains, +Hunting for furs in the forests, on rivers trapping the beaver. +Therefore be of good cheer; we will follow the fugitive lover; 955 +He is not far on his way, and the Fates and the streams are against him. +Up and away tomorrow, and through the red dew of the morning, +We will follow him fast, and bring him back to his prison." + + Then glad voices were heard, and up from the banks of the river, +Borne aloft on his comrades' arms, came Michael the fiddler. 960 +Long under Basil's roof had he lived, like a god on Olympus, +Having no other care than dispensing music to mortals. +Far renowned was he for his silver locks and his fiddle. +"Long live Michael," they cried, "our brave Acadian minstrel!" +As they bore him aloft in triumphal procession; and straightway 965 +Father Felician advanced with Evangeline, greeting the old man +Kindly and oft, and recalling the past, while Basil, enraptured, +Hailed with hilarious joy his old companions and gossips, +Laughing loud and long, and embracing mothers and daughters. +Much they marvelled to see the wealth of the ci-devant blacksmith, 970 +All his domains and his herds, and his patriarchal demeanor; +Much they marvelled to hear his tales of the soil and the climate, +And of the prairies, whose numberless herds were his who would take them; +Each one thought in his heart, that he, too, would go and do likewise. +Thus they ascended the steps, and, crossing the breezy veranda, 975 +Entered the hall of the house, where already the supper of Basil +Waited his late return; and they rested and feasted together. + + Over the joyous feast the sudden darkness descended. +All was silent without, and, illuming the landscape with silver, +Fair rose the dewy moon and the myriad stars; but within doors, 980 +Brighter than these, shone the faces of friends in the glimmering lamplight. +Then from his station aloft, at the head of the table, the herdsman +Poured forth his heart and his wine together in endless profusion. +Lighting his pipe, that was filled with sweet Natchitoches tobacco, +Thus he spake to his guests, who listened, and smiled as they listened:-- 985 +"Welcome once more, my friends, who long have been friendless and homeless, +Welcome once more to a home, that is better perchance than the old one! +Here no hungry winter congeals our blood like the rivers; +Here no stony ground provokes the wrath of the farmer; +Smoothly the plowshare runs through the soil, as a keel through the water. 990 +All the year round the orange-groves are in blossom; and grass grows +More in a single night than a whole Canadian summer. +Here, too, numberless herds run wild and unclaimed in the prairies; +Here, too, lands may be had for the asking, and forests of timber +With a few blows of the axe are hewn and framed into houses. 995 +After your houses are built, and your fields are yellow with harvests, +No King George of England shall drive you away from your homesteads, +Burning your dwellings and barns, and stealing your farms and your cattle." +Speaking these words, he blew a wrathful cloud from his nostrils, +While his huge, brown hand came thundering down on the table, 1000 +So that the guests all started; and Father Felician, astounded, +Suddenly paused, with a pinch of snuff half-way to his nostrils. +But the brave Basil resumed, and his words were milder and gayer:-- +"Only beware of the fever, my friends, beware of the fever! +For it is not like that of our cold Acadian climate, 1005 +Cured by wearing a spider hung round one's neck in a nutshell!" +Then there were voices heard at the door, and footsteps approaching +Sounded upon the stairs and the floor of the breezy veranda. +It was the neighboring Creoles and small Acadian planters, +Who had been summoned all to the house of Basil the herdsman. 1010 +Merry the meeting was of ancient comrades and neighbors: +Friend clasped friend in his arms; and they who before were as strangers, +Meeting in exile, became straightway as friends to each other, +Drawn by the gentle bond of a common country together. +But in the neighboring hall a strain of music, proceeding 1015 +From the accordant strings of Michael's melodious fiddle, +Broke up all further speech. Away, like children delighted, +All things forgotten beside, they gave themselves to the maddening +Whirl of the dizzy dance as it swept and swayed to the music, +Dreamlike, with beaming eyes and the rush of fluttering garments. 1020 + + Meanwhile, apart, at the head of the hall, the priest and the herdsman +Sat, conversing together of past and present and future; +While Evangeline stood like one entranced, for within her +Olden memories rose, and loud in the midst of the music +Heard she the sound of the sea, and an irrepressible sadness 1025 +Came o'er her heart, and unseen she stole forth into the garden. +Beautiful was the night. Behind the black wall of the forest, +Tipping its summit with silver, arose the moon. On the river +Fell here and there through the branches a tremulous gleam of the moonlight, +Like the sweet thoughts of love on a darkened and devious spirit. 1030 +Nearer and round about her, the manifold flowers of the garden +Poured out their souls in odors, that were their prayers and confessions +Unto the night, as it went its way, like a silent Carthusian. +Fuller of fragrance than they, and as heavy with shadows and night-dews, +Hung the heart of the maiden. The calm and the magical moonlight 1035 +Seemed to inundate her soul with indefinable longings, +As, through the garden gate, and beneath the shade of the oak-trees, +Passed she along the path to the edge of the measureless prairie. +Silent it lay, with a silvery haze upon it, and fire-flies +Gleaming and floating away in mingled and infinite numbers. 1040 +Over her head the stars, the thoughts of God in the heavens, +Shone on the eyes of man, who had ceased to marvel and worship, +Save when a blazing comet was seen on the walls of that temple, +As if a hand had appeared and written upon them, "Upharsin." +And the soul of the maiden, between the stars and the fire-flies, 1045 +Wandered alone, and she cried, "O Gabriel! O my beloved! +Art thou so near unto me, and yet I cannot behold thee? +Art thou so near unto me, and yet thy voice does not reach me? +Ah! how often thy feet have trod this path to the prairie! +Ah! how often thine eyes have looked on the woodlands around me! 1050 +Ah! how often beneath this oak, returning from labor, +Thou hast lain down to rest, and to dream of me in thy slumbers! +When shall these eyes behold, these arms be folded about thee?" +Loud and sudden and near the note of a whippoorwill sounded +Like a flute in the woods; and anon, through the neighboring thickets, 1055 +Farther and farther away it floated and dropped into silence. +"Patience!" whispered the oaks from oracular caverns of darkness; +And, from the moonlit meadow, a sigh responded, "To-morrow!" + + Bright rose the sun next day; and all the flowers of the garden +Bathed his shining feet with their tears, and anointed his tresses 1060 +With the delicious balm that they bore in their vases of crystal. +"Farewell!" said the priest, as he stood at the shadowy threshold; +"See that you bring us the Prodigal Son from his fasting and famine, +And, too, the Foolish Virgin, who slept when the bridegroom was coming." +"Farewell!" answered the maiden, and, smiling, with Basil descended 1065 +Down to the river's brink, where the boatmen already were waiting. +Thus beginning their journey with morning, and sunshine, and gladness, +Swiftly they followed the flight of him who was speeding before them, +Blown by the blast of fate like a dead leaf over the desert. +Not that day, nor the next, nor yet the day that succeeded, 1070 +Found they trace of his course, in lake or forest or river, +Nor, after many days, had they found him; but vague and uncertain +Rumors alone were their guides through a wild and desolate country; +Till, at the little inn of the Spanish town of Adayes, +Weary and worn, they alighted, and learned from the garrulous landlord 1075 +That on the day before, with horses and guides and companions, +Gabriel left the village, and took the road of the prairies. + + +SECTION IV + + + Far in the West there lies a desert land, where the mountains +Lift, through perpetual snows, their lofty and luminous summits. +Down from their jagged, deep ravines, where the gorge, like a gateway, 1080 +Opens a passage rude to the wheels of the emigrant's wagon, +Westward the Oregon flows and the Walleway and Owyhee. +Eastward, with devious course, among the Wind-river Mountains, +Through the Sweet-water Valley precipitate leaps the Nebraska; +And to the south, from Fontaine-quibout and the Spanish sierras, 1085 +Fretted with sands and rocks, and swept by the wind of the desert, +Numberless torrents, with ceaseless sound, descend to the ocean, +Like the great chords of a harp, in loud and solemn vibrations. +Spreading between these streams are the wondrous, beautiful prairies, +Billowy bays of grass ever rolling in shadow and sunshine, 1090 +Bright with luxuriant clusters of roses and purple amorphas. +Over them wandered the buffalo herds, and the elk, and the roebuck; +Over them wandered the wolves, and herds of riderless horses; +Fires that blast and blight, and winds that are weary with travel; +Over them wander the scattered tribes of Ishmael's children, 1095 +Staining the desert with blood; and above their terrible war-trails +Circles and sails aloft, on pinions majestic, the vulture, +Like the implacable soul of a chieftain slaughtered in battle, +By invisible stairs ascending and scaling the heavens. +Here and there rise smokes from the camps of these savage marauders; 1100 +Here and there rise groves from the margins of swift-running rivers; +And the grim, taciturn bear, the anchorite monk of the desert, +Climbs down their dark ravines to dig for roots by the brook-side, +And over all is the sky, the clear and crystalline heaven, +Like the protecting hand of God inverted above them. 1105 + + Into this wonderful land, at the base of the Ozark Mountains, +Gabriel far had entered, with hunters and trappers behind him. +Day after day, with their Indian guides, the maiden and Basil +Followed his flying steps, and thought each day to o'ertake him. +Sometimes they saw, or thought they saw, the smoke of his camp-fire 1110 +Rise in the morning air from the distant plain; but at nightfall, +When they had reached the place, they found only embers and ashes. +And, though their hearts were sad at times and their bodies were weary, +Hope still guided them on, as the magic Fata Morgana +Showed them her lakes of light, that retreated and vanished before them. 1115 + + Once, as they sat by their evening fire, there silently entered +Into the little camp an Indian woman, whose features +Wore deep traces of sorrow, and patience as great as her sorrow. +She was a Shawnee woman returning home to her people, +From the far-off hunting-grounds of the cruel Camanches, 1120 +Where her Canadian husband, a coureur-des-bois, had been murdered. +Touched were their hearts at her story, and warmest and friendliest welcome +Gave they, the words of cheer, and she sat and feasted among them +On the buffalo-meat and the venison cooked on the embers. +But when their meal was done, and Basil and all his companions, 1125 +Worn with the long day's march and the chase of the deer and the bison, +Stretched themselves on the ground, and slept where the quivering fire-light +Flashed on their swarthy cheeks, and their forms wrapped up in their blankets, +Then at the door of Evangeline's tent she sat and repeated +Slowly, with soft, low voice, and the charm of her Indian accent, 1130 +All the tale of her love, with its pleasures, and pains, and reverses. +Much Evangeline wept at the tale, and to know that another +Hapless heart like her own had loved and had been disappointed. +Moved to the depths of her soul by pity and woman's compassion, +Yet in her sorrow pleased that one who had suffered was near her, 1135 +She in turn related her love and all its disasters. +Mute with wonder the Shawnee sat, and when she had ended +Still was mute; but at length, as if a mysterious horror +Passed through her brain, she spake, and repeated the tale of the Mowis; +Mowis, the bridegroom of snow, who won and wedded a maiden. 1140 +But, when the morning came, arose and passed from the wigwam, +Fading and melting away and dissolving into the sunshine, +Till she beheld him no more, though she followed far into the forest. +Then, in those sweet, low tones, that seemed like a weird incantation, +Told she the tale of the fair Lilinau, who was wooed by a phantom, 1145 +That, through the pines o'er her father's lodge, in the hush of the twilight, +Breathed like the evening wind, and whispered love to the maiden, +Till she followed his green and waving plume through the forest, +And nevermore returned, nor was seen again by her people. +Silent with wonder and strange surprise, Evangeline listened 1150 +To the soft flow of her magical words, till the region around her +Seemed like enchanted ground, and her swarthy guest the enchantress. +Slowly over the tops of the Ozark Mountains the moon rose, +Lighting the little tent, and with a mysterious splendor +Touching the sombre leaves, and embracing and filling the woodland. 1155 +With a delicious sound the brook rushed by, and the branches +Swayed and sighed overhead in scarcely audible whispers. +Filled with the thoughts of love was Evangeline's heart, but a secret, +Subtile sense crept in of pain and indefinite terror, +As the cold, poisonous snake creeps into the nest of the swallow. 1160 +It was no earthly fear. A breath from the region of spirits +Seemed to float in the air of night; and she felt for a moment +That, like the Indian maid, she, too, was pursuing a phantom. +With this thought she slept, and the fear and the phantom had vanished. +Early upon the morrow the march was resumed, and the Shawnee 1165 +Said, as they journeyed along,--"On the western slope of these mountains +Dwells in his little village the Black Robe chief of the Mission. +Much he teaches the people, and tells them of Mary and Jesus; +Loud laugh their hearts with joy, and weep with pain, as they hear him." +Then, with a sudden and secret emotion, Evangeline answered, 1170 +"Let us go to the Mission, for there good tidings await us!" +Thither they turned their steeds; and behind a spur of the mountains, +Just as the sun went down, they heard a murmur of voices, +And in a meadow green and broad, by the bank of a river, +Saw the tents of the Christians, the tents of the Jesuit Mission. 1175 +Under a towering oak, that stood in the midst of the village, +Knelt the Black Robe chief with his children. A crucifix fastened +High on the trunk of the tree, and overshadowed by grapevines, +Looked with its agonized face on the multitude kneeling beneath it. +This was their rural chapel. Aloft, through the intricate arches 1180 +Of its aerial roof, arose the chant of their vespers, +Mingling its notes with the soft susurrus and sighs of the branches. +Silent, with heads uncovered, the travellers, nearer approaching, +Knelt on the swarded floor, and joined in the evening devotions. +But when the service was done, and the benediction had fallen 1185 +Forth from the hands of the priest, like seed from the hands of the sower, +Slowly the reverend man advanced to the strangers, and bade them +Welcome; and when they replied, he smiled with benignant expression, +Hearing the homelike sounds of his mother-tongue in the forest, +And with words of kindness conducted them into his wigwam. 1190 +There upon mats and skins they reposed, and on cakes of the maize-ear +Feasted, and slaked their thirst from the water-gourd of the teacher. +Soon was their story told; and the priest with solemnity answered:-- +"Not six suns have risen and set since Gabriel, seated +On this mat by my side, where now the maiden reposes, 1195 +Told me the same sad tale; then arose and continued his journey!" +Soft was the voice of the priest, and he spake with an accent of kindness; +But on Evangeline's heart fell his words as in winter the snow-flakes +Fall into some lone nest from which the birds have departed. +"Far to the north he has gone," continued the priest; "but in autumn, 1200 +When the chase is done, will return again to the Mission." +Then Evangeline said, and her voice was meek and submissive, +"Let me remain with thee, for my soul is sad and afflicted." +So seemed it wise and well unto all; and betimes on the morrow, +Mounting his Mexican steed, with his Indian guides and companions, 1205 +Homeward Basil returned, and Evangeline stayed at the Mission. + + Slowly, slowly, slowly the days succeeded each other,-- +Days and weeks and months; and the fields of maize that were springing +Green from the ground when a stranger she came, now waving about her, +Lifted their slender shafts, with leaves interlacing, and forming 1210 +Cloisters for mendicant crows and granaries pillaged by squirrels. +Then in the golden weather the maize was husked, and the maidens +Blushed at each blood-red ear, for that betokened a lover, +But at the crooked laughed, and called it a thief in the corn-field. +Even the blood-red ear to Evangeline brought not her lover. 1215 +"Patience!" the priest would say; "have faith, and thy prayer will be answered! +Look at this vigorous plant that lifts its head from the meadow, +See how its leaves are turned to the north, as true as the magnet; +This is the compass-flower, that the finger of God has planted +Here in the houseless wild, to direct the traveller's journey 1220 +Over the sea-like, pathless, limitless waste of the desert. +Such in the soul of man is faith. The blossoms of passion, +Gay and luxuriant flowers, are brighter and fuller of fragrance, +But they beguile us, and lead us astray, and their odor is deadly. +Only this humble plant can guide us here, and hereafter 1225 +Crown us with asphodel flowers, that are wet with the dews of nepenthe." + + So came the autumn, and passed, and the winter--yet Gabriel came not; +Blossomed the opening spring, and the notes of the robin and bluebird +Sounded sweet upon wold and in wood, yet Gabriel came not. +But on the breath of the summer winds a rumor was wafted 1230 +Sweeter than the song of bird, or hue or odor of blossom. +Far to the north and east, it is said, in the Michigan forests, +Gabriel had his lodge by the banks of the Saginaw River. +And, with returning guides, that sought the lakes of St. Lawrence, +Saying a sad farewell, Evangeline went from the Mission. 1235 +When over weary ways, by long and perilous marches, +She had attained at length the depths of the Michigan forests, +Found she the hunter's lodge deserted and fallen to ruin! + + Thus did the long sad years glide on, and in seasons and places +Divers and distant far was seen the wandering maiden;-- 1240 +Now in the Tents of Grace of the meek Moravian Missions, +Now in the noisy camps and the battle-fields of the army, +Now in secluded hamlets, in towns and populous cities. +Like a phantom she came, and passed away unremembered. +Fair was she and young, when in hope began the long journey; 1245 +Faded was she and old, when in disappointment it ended. +Each succeeding year stole something away from her beauty, +Leaving behind it, broader and deeper, the gloom and the shadow. +Then there appeared and spread faint streaks of gray o'er her forehead, +Dawn of another life, that broke o'er her earthly horizon, 1250 +As in the eastern sky the first faint streaks of the morning. + + +SECTION V. + + +In that delightful land which is washed by the Delaware's waters, +Guarding in sylvan shades the name of Penn the apostle, +Stands on the banks of its beautiful stream the city he founded. +There all the air is balm, and the peach is the emblem of beauty. 1255 +And the streets still re-echo the names of the trees of the forest, +As if they fain would appease the Dryads whose haunts they molested. +There from the troubled sea had Evangeline landed, an exile, +Finding among the children of Penn a home and a country. +There old Rene Leblanc had died; and when he departed, 1260 +Saw at his side only one of all his hundred descendants. +Something at least there was in the friendly streets of the city, +Something that spake to her heart, and made her no longer a stranger; +And her ear was pleased with the Thee and Thou of the Quakers, +For it recalled the past, the old Acadian country, 1265 +Where all men were equal, and all were brothers and sisters. +So, when the fruitless search, the disappointed endeavor, +Ended, to recommence no more upon earth, uncomplainingly, +Thither, as leaves to the light, were turned her thoughts and her footsteps. +As from a mountain's top the rainy mists of the morning 1270 +Roll away, and afar we behold the landscape below us, +Sun-illumined, with shining rivers and cities and hamlets, +So fell the mists from her mind, and she saw the world far below her, +Dark no longer, but all illumined with love; and the pathway +Which she had climbed so far, lying smooth and fair in the distance. 1275 +Gabriel was not forgotten. Within her heart was his image, +Clothed in the beauty of love and youth, as last she beheld him, +Only more beautiful made by his deathlike silence and absence. +Into her thoughts of him time entered not, for it was not. +Over him years had no power; he was not changed, but transfigured; 1280 +He had become to her heart as one who is dead, and not absent; +Patience and abnegation of self, and devotion to others, +This was the lesson a life of trial and sorrow had taught her. +So was her love diffused, but, like to some odorous spices, +Suffered no waste nor loss, though filling the air with aroma. 1285 +Other hope had she none, nor wish in life, but to follow, +Meekly with reverent steps, the sacred feet of her Saviour. +Thus many years she lived as a Sister of Mercy; frequenting +Lonely and wretched roofs in the crowded lanes of the city, +Where distress and want concealed themselves from the sunlight, 1290 +Where disease and sorrow in garrets languished neglected. +Night after night when the world was asleep, as the watchman repeated +Loud, through the gusty streets, that all was well in the city, +High at some lonely window he saw the light of her taper. +Day after day, in the gray of the dawn, as slow through the suburbs 1295 +Plodded the German farmer, with flowers and fruits for the market, +Met he that meek, pale face, returning home from its watchings. + + Then it came to pass that a pestilence fell on the city, +Presaged by wondrous signs, and mostly by flocks of wild pigeons, +Darkening the sun in their flight, with naught in their craws but an acorn. 1300 +And, as the tides of the sea arise in the month of September, +Flooding some silver stream, till it spreads to a lake in the meadow, +So death flooded life, and, o'erflowing its natural margin, +Spread to a brackish lake the silver stream of existence. +Wealth had no power to bribe, nor beauty to charm, the oppressor; 1305 +But all perished alike beneath the scourge of his anger;-- +Only, alas! the poor, who had neither friends nor attendants, +Crept away to die in the almshouse, home of the homeless. +Then in the suburbs it stood, in the midst of meadows and woodlands;-- +Now the city surrounds it; but still, with its gateway and wicket 1310 +Meek, in the midst of splendor, its humble walls seem to echo +Softly the words of the Lord:--"The poor ye always have with you." +Thither, by night and by day, came the Sister of Mercy. The dying +Looked up into her face, and thought, indeed, to behold there +Gleams of celestial light encircle her forehead with splendor, 1315 +Such as the artist paints o'er the brows of saints and apostles, +Or such as hangs by night o'er a city seen at a distance. +Unto their eyes it seemed the lamps of the city celestial, +Into whose shining gates erelong their spirits would enter. + + Thus, on a Sabbath morn, through the streets, deserted and silent, 1320 +Wending her quiet way, she entered the door of the almshouse. +Sweet on the summer air was the odor of flowers in the garden, +And she paused on her way to gather the fairest among them, +That the dying once more might rejoice in their fragrance and beauty. +Then, as she mounted the stairs to the corridors, cooled by the east wind, 1325 +Distant and soft on her ear fell the chimes from the belfry of Christ Church, +While, intermingled with these, across the meadows were wafted +Sounds of psalms, that were sung by the Swedes in their church at Wicaco. +Soft as descending wings fell the calm of the hour on her spirit; +Something within her said, "At length thy trials are ended;" 1330 +And, with light in her looks, she entered the chambers of sickness. +Noiselessly moved about the assiduous, careful attendants, +Moistening the feverish lip, and the aching brow, and in silence +Closing the sightless eyes of the dead, and concealing their faces, +Where on their pallets they lay, like drifts of snow by the roadside. 1335 +Many a languid head, upraised as Evangeline entered, +Turned on its pillow of pain to gaze while she passed, for her presence +Fell on their hearts like a ray of the sun on the walls of a prison. +And, as she looked around, she saw how Death the consoler, +Laying his hand upon many a heart, had healed it forever. 1340 +Many familiar forms had disappeared in the night time; +Vacant their places were, or filled already by strangers. + + Suddenly, as if arrested, by fear or a feeling of wonder, +Still she stood, with her colorless lips apart, while a shudder +Ran through her frame, and, forgotten, the flowerets dropped from her fingers, 1345 +And from her eyes and cheeks the light and bloom of the morning. +Then there escaped from her lips a cry of such terrible anguish, +That the dying heard it, and started up from their pillows. +On the pallet before her was stretched the form of an old man. +Long, and thin, and gray were the locks that shaded his temples; 1350 +But, as he lay in the morning light, his face for a moment +Seemed to assume once more the forms of its earlier manhood; +So are wont to be changed the faces of those who are dying. +Hot and red on his lips still burned the flush of the fever, +As if life, like the Hebrew, with blood had besprinkled its portals, 1355 +That the Angel of Death might see the sign, and pass over. +Motionless, senseless, dying, he lay, and his spirit exhausted +Seemed to be sinking down through infinite depths in the darkness, +Darkness of slumber and death, forever sinking and sinking. +Then through those realms of shade, in multiplied reverberations, 1360 +Heard he that cry of pain, and through the hush that succeeded +Whispered a gentle voice, in accents tender and saint-like, +"Gabriel! O my beloved!" and died away into silence. +Then he beheld, in a dream, once more the home of his childhood; +Green Acadian meadows, with sylvan rivers among them, 1365 +Village, and mountain, and woodlands; and, walking under their shadow, +As in the days of her youth, Evangeline rose in his vision. +Tears came into his eyes; and as slowly he lifted his eyelids, +Vanished the vision away, but Evangeline knelt by his bedside. +Vainly he strove to whisper her name, for the accents unuttered 1370 +Died on his lips, and their motion revealed what his tongue would have spoken. +Vainly he strove to rise; and Evangeline, kneeling beside him, +Kissed his dying lips, and laid his head on her bosom. +Sweet was the light of his eyes; but it suddenly sank into darkness, +As when a lamp is blown out by a gust of wind at a casement. 1375 + + All was ended now, the hope, and the fear, and the sorrow, +All the aching of heart, the restless, unsatisfied longing, +All the dull, deep pain, and constant anguish of patience! +And, as she pressed once more the lifeless head to her bosom, +Meekly she bowed her own, and murmured, "Father, I thank thee!" 1380 + + Still stands the forest primeval; but far away from its shadow, +Side by side, in their nameless graves, the lovers are sleeping. +Under the humble walls of the little Catholic churchyard, +In the heart of the city, they lie, unknown and unnoticed. +Daily the tides of life go ebbing and flowing beside them, 1385 +Thousands of throbbing hearts, where theirs are at rest and forever, +Thousands of aching brains, where theirs no longer are busy, +Thousands of toiling hands, where theirs have ceased from their labors, +Thousands of weary feet, where theirs have completed their journey! + + Still stands the forest primeval; but under the shade of its branches 1390 +Dwells another race, with other customs and language. +Only along the shore of the mournful and misty Atlantic +Linger a few Acadian peasants, whose fathers from exile +Wandered back to their native land to die in its bosom. +In the fisherman's cot the wheel and the loom are still busy; 1395 +Maidens still wear their Norman caps and their kirtles of homespun, +And by the evening fire repeat Evangeline's story, +While from its rocky caverns the deep-voiced, neighboring ocean +Speaks, and in accents disconsolate answers the wail of the forest. + + + + +PICTURES + + +Perry Pictures helpful in the Study of Evangeline: + +Christ Church, Boston, 1357; The Sheepfold, 3049; The Blacksmith, 887; +Evangeline, 23; The Wave, 3197; Spring, 484; Pasturage in the Forest, 506; +Sheep-Spring, 757; Milking Time, 601; Angelus, 509; Haymaker's Rest, 605; +Landscape, 490; Priscilla Spinning, 3298; Shoeing the Horse, 908; Henry +Wadsworth Longfellow, 15; Priscilla, 1338; Autumn, 615; September, 1071; +Deer by Moonlight, 1005; Winter Scene, 27-B. + + * * * * * + +We supply the above at one cent each, if twenty or more are ordered. They +may be assorted, as desired. + + + +NOTES. + + +PART ONE. + +I + + +1. A PRIMEVAL FOREST is one which has not been disturbed by the axe. + +3. DRUIDS were Celtic priests. Their religious ceremonies were carried on in +oak groves, the trees being regarded as sacred. + +10. GRAND PRE (grän-pr[=a]) means large meadow. + +20. BASIN OF MINAS, an arm of the Bay of Fundy. + +25. THE TIDES in the Bay of Fundy rise to the height of 60 feet. What is the +ordinary rise of the tide? + +29. BLOMIDON is a promontory about four hundred feet high at the entrance of +the Bay of Minas. + +33. THE HENRIES were rulers of France in the sixteenth and seventeenth +centuries. + +34. NORMANDY, a district in northern France bordering on the English +channel. + +39. KIRTLE, a petticoat. + +49. THE ANGELUS was a bell which called people to prayer. What do you know +of the painting called "The Angelus?" + +57. Real misery was wholly unknown, and benevolence anticipated the demands +of poverty. Every misfortune was relieved, as it were, before it could be +felt, without ostentation on the one hand and without meanness on the other. +It was in short, a society of brethren. ABBE REYNAL. + +72. HYSSOP, a plant. A branch of it could be used like a sponge. It was a +symbol of purification from sin. + +74. CHAPLET OF BEADS, a string of beads used in praying. MISSAL, a prayer +book. + +96. See Luke XXII, 60, 61. + +111. A PATRON SAINT was a Saint who was supposed to exercise a special care +over the people of a town or district. + +115. Lajeunesse (lä-zhę-n[)e]s´). + +144. There was a saying among the people that "If the sun shines on St. +Eulalie's day there will be a good crop of apples." It was February 12th. + + +II. + + +149. THE SCORPION is one of the twelve signs of the zodiac. The sun enters +this sign in late October. + +153. For the reference to Jacob, see Gen. XXXII, 24-30. + +159. THE SUMMER OF ALL-SAINTS corresponds to our Indian Summer. All-Saints +day is Nov. 1st. + +170. PLANE TREE, a species of sycamore. Xerxes, a Persian, admired one of +them so much he put a mantle upon it and adorned it with jewels. + +209. BURGUNDY is a section of eastern France famous for its fine wines. + +238. THE GASPEREAU is a river that flows into the Basin of Minas, east of +Grand Pre. + +242. GLEBE, soil. + +249. LOUISBURG, BEAUSEJOUR (b[=o] s[=e]´ zh[=o][=o]r,) and PORT ROYAL were +towns which had been taken from the French by the British. + +259. THE CONTRACT was considered almost as binding as a marriage. Remember +this. + +260-2. As soon as a young man arrived at the proper age, the community +built him a house, broke the land about it, and supplied him with all the +necessaries of life for twelve months. Then he received the partner whom he +had chosen, and who brought him her portion in flocks. ABBE REYNAL. + + +III. + + +280. LOUP GAROU ( l[=o][=o]-ga-r[=o][=o] ) means man-wolf. There was a +tradition that a man had the power to change himself into a wolf to devour +children. + +282. LETICHE (l[=a]-t[=e]sh´). + +293. IN SOOTH, in truth. + +307. A figure with scales in the left hand and a sword in the right is +sometimes used to represent Justice. + +354. THE CURFEW was a bell tolled in the evening as a signal to put out the +fires and go to bed. + +381. See Gen. XXI, 14. + + +IV. + + +413. The names of two French songs. + +442. The summer solstice is on the 21st of June. The sun is then farthest +north, being over the Tropic of Cancer. It seems to stand still for a short +time. + +466. The author contrasts the clamor of the throng and the quiet words of +Father Felician by referring to rapid strokes of the alarm and the quiet, +measured strokes of the hour. + +476. See Luke XXIII, 34. + +484. AVE MARIA (äh-v[=a]-mah-r[=e]´-a), a prayer to the Virgin Mary. + +486. See 2 Kings II, 11. + +507. See Exodus XXIV, 29-35. + + +V. + + +572-3. Parents were separated from children and husbands from wives, some of +whom have not to this day met again; and we were so crowded in the transport +vessels that we had not even room to lay down, and consequently were +prevented from carrying with us proper necessaries, especially for the +support and comfort of the aged and weak, many of whom quickly ended their +lives. PETITION OF THE ACADIANS TO THE KING. + +579. LEAGUER, an army camp. + +589. See lines 49, 50. + +597. See Acts XXVII-XXVIII. + +604. BENEDICITE, bless you. + +631. NEBRASKA, now known as the Platte River. + +667. BELL OR BOOK, funeral bell, or book of funeral service. + + + + +PART TWO. + + +I. + +674. SAVANNAHS, grassy plains. + +678-9. We have already seen, in this province of Pennsylvania, two hundred +and fifty of our people, which is more than half the number that were landed +here, perish through misery and various diseases. PETITION OF THE ACADIANS +TO THE KING. + +705. COUREURS-DES-BOIS (k[=o][=o]-rur-d[=a]-bwä'), guides. + +707. VOYAGEUR (vwä-yä-zh[=u]r,) river boatmen. + +713. To braid St. Catherine's tresses means to remain unmarried. + +733. MUSE, here the Goddess of Song. There were nine Muses in all. + + +II. + +741. THE BEAUTIFUL RIVER, the Ohio. + +749. ACADIAN COAST, districts near the mouth of the Mississippi river where +many Acadians had settled. + +OPELOUSAS, a district in Louisana. + +764. GOLDEN COAST, banks of the Mississippi above New Orleans. + +766. PLAQUEMINE (pl[)a]k-m[=e]n.) + +782. Mimosa, a plant which closes its leaves when agitated. + +807. ATCHAFALAYA ([)a]ch-[.a]-f[=a]-l[=i]'-á,) a river in Louisiana. + +815. WACHITA (w[)o]sh-[=e]-täw,) a river in Louisiana. + +821. See Genesis XXVIII, 10-15. + +856. TECHE (t[=a]sh,) a bayou. + +ST. MAUR (s[)a]n-m[=o]r´.) + +879. BACCHANTES, followers of Bacchus, God of wine. + + +III. + + +889. MISTLETOE, a parasite plant which grows on many trees. + +890. YULE-TIDE, Christmas time. + +952. ADAYES (a-d[=a]´-yes) town in Texas. + +956. THE FATES, three Goddesses who were supposed to control human +destinies. + +961. OLYMPUS, a mountain of Greece supposed by the ancient Greeks to be the +home of the Gods. + +970. CI-DEVANT, (s[=e]`-dč-van) former. + +984. NATCHITOCHES (n[)a]ck´-é-t[)o]sh,) a district of Louisiana. + +1033. CARTHUSIAN, a Monk of an order where only occasional speech is +permitted. + +1044. UPHARSIN, divided. See Daniel V, 5-29. + +1054. This was considered a bad omen. + +1063. See Luke XV, 11-32. + +1064. See Matthew XXV, 1-13. + + +IV. + + +1082. OREGON, the Columbia River. + +WALLEWAY, a branch of the Snake river. + +OWYHEE (Owy´-hee) river in same region. + +1083. WIND RIVER MOUNTAINS, a chain of the Rocky Mountains, in Wyoming. + +1084. SWEET WATER VALLEY, in Wyoming. NEBRASKA, the Platte river. + +1085. FONTAINE-QUI-BOUT (f[)o]n´-t[=a]n-k[=e]-b[=o][=o]) a creek in +Colorado. + +SPANISH SIERRAS, Mountain range in New Mexico. + +1091. AMORPHAS, a shrub having clusters of blue flowers. + +1095. ISHMAEL'S CHILDREN. The Arabs are considered descendents of Ishmael. +Because of their warlike spirit the American Indians have been thought to be +descents of Ishmael. See Genesis XXI, 14-21. + +1114. FATA MORGANA (Fä-tä-Môr-gä´-nä,) mirage. + +1139. MOWIS (m[=o]´-w[=e]s.) + +1167. BLACK ROBE CHIEF, Jesuit priest at the head of the mission, so called +because of his black robe. + +1182. SUSURRUS, whisperings. + +1219. HUMBLE PLANT, a plant that grows on the prairies whose leaves point +north and south, thus serving as a guide. + +1241. MORAVIAN MISSIONS. The Moravians are a Christian sect noted for their +missionary zeal. + + +V. + + +1256. A number of streets in Philadelphia have the name of trees, as Walnut, +Chestnut, etc. + +1257. DRYADS, Goddesses of the woods. + +1288. SISTER OF MERCY, a member of an order in the Roman Catholic church. +The members devote their lives to works of charity. + +1355. See Exodus XII, 22-23. + + + + +ARGUMENT. + + +"Evangeline" is usually studied in the seventh school year--a time when a +somewhat intensive study of a piece of literature may be undertaken with +profit. This poem offers a most delightful introduction into the wider +realms of literature--an introduction fraught with much consequence since +the manner of it is likely to have a considerable bearing on the pupil's +future in this subject. It is certainly important that the most be made of +the opportunity. + +We believe that the common lack of interest and effort in school work +is often due to an absence of definite and visible ends, and of proper +directions for the reaching of those ends. Pupils do not object to work, and +hard work, with something tangible. What they do object to is groping in +the dark for something that may turn up--which is too frequently the case +in their study of a piece of literature. Such a course may be commendable +later, but at this period, suggestion and direction are necessary. These are +furnished by our "Suggestive Questions," which indicate lines of study and +research. + +In the ordinary reading class the work is largely done by a few of the +brighter pupils. It is quite difficult to secure a careful preparation by +the whole class. It is also difficult to ascertain how well the pupils are +prepared. The "Suggestive Questions" will be found very helpful here. + +Care has been exercised in the division of the subject matter that each +lesson may, in a sense, be complete in itself. The lessons are supposed to +occupy twenty-five or thirty minutes; this, with the nature of the subject +matter and the number of unfamiliar words, determining the length of the +lessons. + +The poem is to be studied twice:-- + +First, a general survey to get the story and the characters clearly in mind. + +Second, a careful study of the text that the beauty and richness, the +artistic and ethical values of the poem may be realized. + +It is obvious that no scheme, however carefully wrought out, can in any +sense be a substitute for earnestness, enthusiasm and sympathy; and careful +preparation is an absolute essential of all successful teaching. With these, +it is believed, excellent results may be secured by use of this plan. + + W.F. CONOVER. + + _"B" St. School, + San Diego, Cal._ + + + + +PART I. + +A GENERAL SURVEY. + + +_Lesson I._ The Author and the Poem. + +_Lesson II._ Acadia and the Acadians. + +_Lesson III._ Discuss the structure of the poem and how it should be read. +Read. + +_Lessons IV-XIII._ Read a section each day to get the outlines of the story. + +Notice carefully the Topics given on the following pages, and be able to +tell with what lines each Topic begins and ends. In the other Sections +make lists of Topics, filling out the outlines. Be careful to choose the +principal Topics and not subordinate ones. + + + + +EVANGELINE--PART I. + + + SEC. I. + + _Acadia._ + + + 1. Grand Pre. + 2. Benedict Bellefontaine. + 3. Bvangeline. + 4. The Home. + 5. Gabriel, Basil, Father Felician. + 6. Childhood of Evangeline and Gabriel. + 7. Manhood and Womanhood. + + + SEC. II. + + _The Home._ + + + 1. + 2. + 3. + 4. + 5. + 6. + + + SEC. III. + + _The Interview._ + + + 1. The Notary. + 2. The Argument and Story. + 3. The Betrothal. + 4. The Game. + 5. Departure of Guests. + 6. Evangeline. + + + SEC. IV. + + _The Summons._ + + + 1. + 2. + 3. + 4. + 5. + 6. + 7. + + + SEC. V. + + _The Embarking._ + + + 1. Gathering of Goods. + 2. Evangeline's Message. + 3. Separated. + 4. The Camp. + 5. Fire. + 6. Death of Benedict. + 7. Exiled. + + + + +EVANGELINE--PART II. + + SEC. I. + + _The Search Begun._ + + + 1. + 2. + 3. + 4. + 5. + + + SEC. II. + + _On the Mississippi._ + + + 1. The Boatmen. + 2. The Journey. + 3. Forebodings of Ill. + 4. The Sleep. + 5. The Bugle. + 6. The Passing. + 7. Evangeline's Dream. + 8. Journey Continued. + 9. Arrival. + + + SEC. III. + + _Re-union. Search Again._ + + + 1. + 2. + 3. + 4. + 5. + 6. + 7. + 8. + 9. + 10. + + + SEC. IV. + + _Search Continued._ + + + 1. The Great West. + 2. Old Camp Fires. + 3. The Shawnee--Confidences. + 4. March Resumed. + 5. The Mission. + 6. Patience. + 7. Rumors. On to Michigan. + 8. Years of Search. + + + SEC. V. + + _Search Ended._ + + + 1. + 2. + 3. + 4. + 5. + 6. + + + + +PART II. + +STUDY OF THE TEXT. + + +(1.) Lessons I-XXVII. + +(2.) Composition Subjects. + +The questions on the following pages are intended to be suggestive of lines +of study. Others of like or different import will occur to the teacher. +Don't be confined to the written questions. Many others will be needed to +bring out the artistic and spiritual values of the poem and to keep the +thread of the story in mind. + +Pupils are expected to know the meaning of words and the particular one the +author employs. The understanding of a passage often depends on the meaning +of a single word. (See Part III.) + + + + +SUGGESTIVE QUESTIONS. + +EVANGELINE--PART I. + +SEC. I. + +_Introduction. Grand Pre._ + +Lesson I, Lines 1-57. + + +The author gives us a hint of the nature of his narrative. In what lines +does he directly refer to it? This is a story of what? What three qualities +had this thing? What two pictures does the author contrast, lines 6-15? Why +murmuring pines? What two parts of one picture, lines 1-5? Why compare to +the roe? In what ways did their lives resemble a river? Why October leaves? +Remember--this is a story of what? Its three qualities are what? What is +the first picture in Section I? What quality of the people is referred to +in line 24? The Acadians were engaged in what industry? Would their lives +be more peaceful in this than in other lines of labor? Why use reposed, line +32? Who was intimately associated with all the life of the village? Explain +lines 52-56 and 57. + + +_Evangeline._ + +Lesson II, Lines 58-81. + + +What is the topic of this lesson? Who is also introduced to us? Describe. +What does the comparison with an oak suggest? What was Evangeline's age? +Describe her appearance. What qualities does this description show of her? +What was Benedict's most marked characteristic? Evangeline's? + + +_Home and Childhood of Evangeline and Gabriel._ + +Lesson III, Lines 82-147. + + +Why does the author describe the home so carefully? What do we learn of +Evangeline, lines 104-114? What two characters are here introduced? Tell +about their childhood days. Note the early attraction of these two for each +other. What about the wondrous stone? Have stones such powers? Evangeline's +name (line 144) indicates what? + + +SEC. II. + +_Autumn. Evening Out-of-doors. In-doors._ + +Lesson IV, Lines 148-198. + + +What is the season? What is the sign of the scorpion? What season follows? +Signs point to what? Why should the author refer to signs of a hard winter? +What idea does the author reiterate, lines 160-175? Note--the author brings +up one picture after another to impress us in this way. Why? Does he picture +the home clearly? Describe. What things of old time life does he mention? +Give topic, lines 199-217. Where were the Norman orchards? What does the +loom suggest? + +_Visitors. The News. Argument._ + +Lesson V, Lines 247-267. + + +What relations existed between Basil and Benedict? How do you know? Note +carefully how the talk shows character. How did each view the news? Does the +author make many simple statements of facts, or does he use much imagery? Is +this so common in prose? + +Which was the better way of viewing the news? Why refer to Louisburg, Beau +Sejour and Port Royal? Had Basil good reasons for his suspicions? Why were +the Acadians safer than their fathers? Why did Benedict wish to have no +fear? What was the purpose of the call? What preparations had been made for +the marriage? + + +SEC. III. + +_The Notary and His Story._ + +Lesson VI, Lines 268-329. + + +A new character in the story. What others have we met thus far? In what +regard was the Notary held? Describe him. Why did the children like him? +What was the lore of the village? Contrast the blacksmith's and the Notary's +manner. Explain line 299. Does the Notary's story prove his point--that +Justice finally triumphs? Why? What effect upon Basil has the story? Explain +lines 328-329. + + +_Signing the Contract. The Last Good-Night._ + +Lesson VII, Lines 330-381. + + +What do you learn from line 333? What characteristic does Benedict show, +line 339? Learn 351-352. + +Were these marriage papers that were signed? What? What three facts of +old time life, lines 353-368? What are compared, lines 368-371? Why should +Evangleline feel sad at this time? Was it natural? How could the star follow +her footsteps? Look up reference line 381. + + +SEC. IV. + +_The Betrothal Feast. The Mandate._ + +Lesson VIII, Lines 382-459. + + +Was the betrothal feast an important event in Grand Pre? So much thought of +now? Explain 385-386. For what purpose were the people gathering? How did +Acadian life differ from that of today? Why was hospitality greater under +Benedict's roof? Who were some of the principal persons at the feast? Who is +now introduced? Was there a peculiar sadness in the occurances of the day? +Why? + +We have three pictures strongly contrasted in this, the preceding and the +succeeding lessons. Try to get a clear idea of each of these three scenes. +Contrast the feast and the reception of the Mandate. Why refer to the +solstice? What was the immediate effect of the news? Then what? Was it a +time when character would show? Explain. Who shows clearly his temperament? + + +_Father Felician's Rebuke._ + +Lesson IX, Lines 460-486. + + +(To me, this selection is one of the finest in the poem. It is a fine +tribute to _character_. We have in this and the preceding lesson two +pictures in marked contrast. Recall the effects the Mandate must have had +on the pioneers; how we of the class would feel if we now received such an +order. Think of the homes made by long years of patient toil, the familiar +and much loved scenes--all that made life dear--must be left behind and life +begun anew amid strange scenes and among strange people. What utter despair +must have possessed them.) + +What scene of wild passion Father Felician met when he opened the church +door! Could force have quieted this mob? Could they have been _made_ quiet? +Then Father Felician enters, raises his hand and stillness reigns. What +causes this great change? What wisdom does the priest show? Does he say +much? To what does he turn their thoughts? Why? Who is the "Prince of +Peace"? What great character in history had a like power over a multitude? +Was it a great thing that the people could say from their hearts "O Father, +Forgive Them"? Who said it before this? The evening service is held +and quiet after the storm. How were their souls translated? What is the +reference to Elijah? + + +_Evangeline's Service. Shadows._ + +Lesson X, Lines 487-523. + + +What change here introduced? Why should it come in here? Any reason except +a continuation of the story? (A well written play or story has a careful +mixture of pathos and humor. Explain and apply.) Note lines 499-501. What +was the source of Evangeline's great strength of character? Who was the +prophet? Has the reference to the Angelus any suggestive sadness? Why graves +of the living? Why did the thunder speak to her? What did it suggest? + + +SEC. V. + +_Gathering on the Beach._ + +Lesson XI, lines 524-590. + + +How long were they in the church? What was the attitude of the Acadians? +What happens similarly in nature? What characteristic of woman is shown in +lines 553-567? Compare Evangeline, Gabriel and Benedict at this point. Did +Evangeline meet her father and Gabriel in different ways? Why? Did she +show wisdom in so doing? What turning point now comes? Imagine a different +circumstance--how would it affect the remainder of the story? Picture the +village. Why refer to the waifs of the tide? + + +_The Camp. Burning Village._ + +Lesson XII, Lines 591-635. + + +Picture the camp. Why refer to Paul? What was the condition of Benedict? +What disposition did he show in this trouble? Do you suppose Basil was +affected in the same way? How do an oak and a willow take a storm? Which +is the better way? Who was the oak and who the willow? What does Father +Felician do? Does he show discernment? Explain 612-615. How many and what +distinct pictures do you find in the lesson? Write lines 613-620 in your own +words and compare. + + +_Death. Separation._ + +Lesson XIII, Lines 636-665. + + +What was the effect of the fire on Benedict? The effect of her father's +death on Evangeline? What does "without bell or book" mean? What of +nature seemed in harmony with the occasion? What two great sorrows came to +Evangeline so closely? Review closing incidents and Part One. + + +EVANGELINE--PART II. + +SEC. I. + +_Landing. Search Begun._ + +Lesson XIV, Lines 666-705. + + +How long time has elapsed since the embarking? What were the Acadian's +Household Gods? Why was the exile without an end? Why should the author use +this comparison about their scattering? Explain fully about the seizing of +the hills. What was the attitude of many Acadians? Of Evangeline? What is +the desert of life? Why so called? What makes life a desert? Explain fully +lines 683-687. What was there singular about Evangeline's life? What effect +had this on her life? What was the inarticulate whisper that came to her? + + +_Pressing On._ + +Lesson XV, Lines 706-740. + + +What is a voyageur? What was Evangeline advised to do by her friends? +Should she have followed their advice? Give reason. What was it to braid St. +Catherine's tresses? What do you think of Evangeline's reply? Learn lines +720-727. Explain. What was the funeral dirge which she heard What was the +voice that replied? What is the Muse? Who appeals to it? How is it to be +followed? + + +SEC. II. + +_On the River. Forebodings._ + +Lesson XVI, Lines 741-789. + + +Has the author followed the wanderer's footsteps in Sec. I, Part II? Locate +scene pictured in lines 741-745. How were these people bound together? How +strongly? Picture the scene in lines 757-765 clearly. Why Golden Coast? +What is a maze? What did the moss look like? What is demoniac laughter? What +purpose does the author serve in bringing in this incident? Describe scene +in lines 763-767. How did the exiles feel this night? What about the mimosa? +What are the hoof-beats of fate? What effect have the hoof-beats? Was +Evangeline in the same mood as the others? Read to line 863, and then +consider carefully the scene and events to line 790. Study with care. + + +_Night on the River. The Passing._ + +Lesson XVII, Lines 790-841. + + +Explain lines 790-794 and lines 798-799. Why do you suppose the bugle was +not heard? What if it was? Why did they row at midnight? Why does the author +bring in something weird again as in line 805? Note change from night with +its weird uncertainty to day with its quiet peace and beauty. Why refer to +Jacob's ladder? How can you account for conditions given in lines 824-5? +Note that here a calm precedes the storm. Who were in the boat speeding +north? What was the last we heard of Gabriel? What changes had occurred in +his appearance? How did he take his lot and disappointment? How different +from Evangeline? Does the account of the passing seem reasonable? Are such +occurrences common in general life? + + +_Evangeline's Dream. Arrival._ + +Lesson XVIII, Lines 842-887. + + +Does it seem reasonable that Evangeline felt Gabriel was near? Explain and +learn lines 852-4. Explain 858. Why Eden of Louisiana? Has Father Felician +given up to despair on any occasion? What kept him from despairing? Had he +despaired how would it have affected Evangeline and the story? Note scene in +lines 864-868. Does the author here give a picture of nature in harmony with +a condition of mind? Where? Find like treatment in this section. The mocking +bird here reminds one of what bird in another scene? Does each seem an +appropriate part of the picture? What was the prelude? Why were their hearts +moved with emotion? + + +SEC. III. + +_Meeting Basil. Disappointment._ + +Lesson XIX, Lines 888-958. + + +Find subject and predicate of first sentence. Describe house and +surroundings. Would flowers grow thus in Acadia? What was love's symbol? Why +sea of flowers? Explain 904-910. Why surf? Contrast Basil's home in Grand +Pre and the one here. Explain lines 933. Was Basil's way of breaking the +news about Gabriel a good one? Why should she be deeply disappointed? Did +Gabriel bear his disappointment as did Evangeline? What was the result of +Evangeline's longing? Of Gabriel's? Why a fugitive lover? Why fates and +streams against him? What did Basil mean line 958? + + +_Re-union and Feast._ + +Lesson XX, Lines 959-1020. + + +Note here change of scene. Is it from pathos to humor or from humor to +pathos? What do you gather from lines 959-960 and 964-965? From 961-2? Why +should they marvel? Compare conditions of life in Acadia and in Louisiana. +What familiar fact does Basil show, line 982? Why refer to King George? Note +the very attractive picture Basil draws--almost a picture of Eden. Was +there an _if_ about it, a final word that quite changed the shading of the +picture? Is it usually thus? Were the Acadians naturally light-hearted? + + +_Despair. Hope. On Again._ + +Lesson XXI, Lines 1021-1077. + + +What effect had this scene on Evangeline? Why should she hear the sounds +of the sea? Why desire to leave the merriment? Explain 1028-1038. Stars +are here spoken of as God's thoughts--what else has the author called them? +Explain 1041-1044. Was the evening in harmony with Evangeline's mood? Why +was it the oaks whispered "Patience" and not the beeches or other trees? +Explain 1059-1061. Who were going in quest of Gabriel? Explain references of +"Prodigal Son" and "Foolish Virgin" and apply. How was Gabriel blown by +fate like the dead leaf? How long before they found traces of Gabriel? What +traces? What news finally? Where were they now? + + +SEC. IV. + +_The Great West. The Shawnee. Confidences._ + +Lesson XXII, lines 1078-1164. + + +What are amorphas? Why describe thus this territory? Who were Ishmael's +children? Why bring out clearly the many dangers to be encountered here? +What is Fata Morgana? Who was the anchorite monk? Why taciturn? How could +they follow his footsteps? Who were _they_? How were traces of sorrow and +patience visible? Were they unusually touched by the Shawnee's story? Why? +Was it natural for Evangeline and the Shawnee to be drawn together? What +common bond had they? What was the effect of Evangeline's story? Were the +Shawnee's stories appropriate? Were they comforting or disheartening? What +was the snake that crept into Evangeline's thoughts? Was it lasting? +What would naturally dispell it? Are people more brave at night or in the +morning? More cheerful when? Why? + + +_At the Mission. Waiting._ + +Lesson XXIII, Lines 1165-1205. + + +Why Black Robe Chief? Why expect good tidings at the Mission? What is a +rural chapel? What were vespers and sussuras? What was the cause of the +priest's pleasure? Look up Jesuit work in North America. Why were the +priest's words like snow flakes to Evangeline? How did Evangeline receive +the news? Why should she desire to remain at the Mission rather than return +to Basil's home? Was there an unselfish purpose in her remaining? + + +_A Long Search. Age._ + +Lesson XXIV, Lines 1206-1291. + + +How long did Evangeline remain at the Mission? What old custom referred +to in lines 1212-1214? What do you know of old husking bees? Who urged +patience? The compass flower illustrates what truth? Why is life in a +true sense pathless and limitless? What quality is suggested by the gay, +luxuriant flower? By the humble plant? Evangeline leaves the Mission to +seek Gabriel where? Result? How did she spend the following years? Would you +think from the text here her life was wholly given to the thought of Gabriel +and to search for him? Why? What was the dawn of another life? + + +SEC. V. + +_Devotion._ + +Lesson XXV, Lines 1252-1297. + + +Why was Penn an apostle? What city did he found? How do the streets echo the +names of the forest? Who are the Dryads? Why did she feel at home here? Does +she finally give up hope? Explain lines 1270-1275. What made the world look +bright to her? Does one's state of mind determine to a large extent how the +world looks? Does the world look the same at night and in the morning? When +are we most likely to see it as it is? Was Gabriel forgotten? What were the +lessons her life had taught her? What became of her love? How did she act +practically upon her feeling? What was the word or the thing that drew her? +She shows what quality 1291-1293? What is a Sister of Mercy? Why had she +not joined the Order before? Had she in a true sense been a sister of mercy +before joining the Order? Do you think she regretted the long struggle that +fitted her so well for this work? + + +_The Pestilence._ + +Lesson XXVI, Lines 1298-1342. + + +How did death flood life? What made the lake brackish? Why silver stream? +What is the usual cause of a pestilence? Why call it a scourge of his anger? +Where was the almshouse? Where is the spot now? This was an opportunity for +whom? What was the appearance of the sister? What occasioned it? Is what +we _are_ written in our faces? What morning did she visit the almshouse? +In what season? Had she a premonition that her quest was ended? Are +premonitions common? What was the effect of this feeling upon her? Why was +death a consoler? + + +_The Meeting._ + +Lesson XXVII, Lines 1343-1400. + + +White expecting something, was Evangeline prepared for the meeting? How +did it affect her? How did Gabriel appear? What was the cause? What is the +reference about sprinkling the portals? What was Gabriel's condition? What +effect had the cry of Evangeline? Did he recognize Evangeline and +realize she was with him? What came to his mind? Did he finally recognize +Evangeline? Was this recognition a blessing for her? What effect had this +meeting upon her? How did she express it? Where are the lovers supposed to +be now? Do you think Evangeline's life ended here? + +Scene shifts to where? What has occurred? Does the author state that those +old scenes of Acadian life can now be seen? Where? In lines 1399-1400 is +there any suggestion as to this story? + +Note.--It would be well at the conclusion of this study to spend one or two +periods in going over the story as a whole that the poem, in its general +outline, may be better retained in the pupil's mind. + + + + +COMPOSITION SUBJECTS. + + 1. Acadian Life. (Contrast with present.) + 2. The Notary. + 3. Character of Gabriel. + 4. Character of Evangeline. + 5. The Betrothal Feast. + 6. The Scene on the Shore. + 7. On the River. (Compare mode of traveling with present ones by + land and water.) + 8. Home of Basil. (Contrast with the home in Acadia.) + 9. The Mission. + 10. The Search and its Reward. + + Select the lines that appeal to you most. + Select the lines that show the most beautiful sentiment. + Select the lines that contain the best pictures. + + + + +PART III. + +SPELLING AND DEFINING. + + +The work of spelling and defining may be carried on with the study of the +text of the poem, or at the conclusion of this study. In the former case +allow a week or more to pass after using a selection as a Reading lesson +before studying it as a Spelling lesson, that the reading may not degenerate +into a word-study. + +The words selected are those which should form a part of the pupil's +vocabulary. The fact that the context largely determines the meaning of +a word should be made clear in this study, and the particular meaning the +author employs in the poem should be required. The pupil's discrimination +will at first be poor, but he soon develops considerable skill and judgment. + + +I + + 1. primeval + 2. Druids + 3. eld + 4. prophetic + 5. hoar + 6. caverns + 7. disconsolate + 8. roe + 9. glided + 10. reflecting + 11. adopt + 12. tradition + 13. affliction + 14. endures + 15. patient + + +II + + 1. incessant + 2. floodgates + 3. reposed + 4. peasants + 5. thatched + 6. tranquil + 7. vanes + 8. distaffs + 9. gossiping + 10. reverend + 11. hailing + 12. serenely + 13. belfry + 14. incense + 15. contentment + + +III + + 1. stalworth + 2. stately + 3. gleamed + 4. tresses + 5. sooth + 6. turret + 7. hyssop + 8. chaplet + 9. missal + 10. generations + 11. ethereal + 12. confession + 13. benediction + 14. exquisite + 15. envy + + +IV + + 1. antique + 2. penitent + 3. odorous + 4. meek + 5. innocent + 6. variant + 7. devotion + 8. craft + 9. repute + 10. pedagogue + 11. autumnal + 12. expired + 13. populous + 14. wondrous + 15. valiant + + +V + + 1. desolate + 2. tropical + 3. inclement + 4. mantles + 5. hoarded + 6. advent + 7. pious + 8. magical + 9. landscape + 10. consoled + 11. blended + 12. subdued + 13. arrayed + 14. adorned + 15. surmises + + +VI + + 1. instinct + 2. superbly + 3. ponderous + 4. gestures + 5. fantastic + 6. fragments + 7. carols + 8. treadles + 9. diligent + 10. monotonous + 11. jovial + 12. content + 13. accustomed + 14. forebodings + 15. mandate + + +VII + + 1. untimely + 2. blighted + 3. bursting + 4. lurk + 5. outskirts + 6. anxious + 7. dubious + 8. scythe + 9. besieged + 10. contract (_n._) + 11. glebe + 12. inkhorn + 13. rejoice + 14. worthy + 15. notary + + +VIII + + 1. floss + 2. wisdom + 3. supernal + 4. languished + 5. warier + 6. ripe + 7. unchristened + 8. doomed + 9. haunt + 10. marvellous + 11. lore + 12. demeanor + 13. molest + 14. irascible + 15. triumphs + + +IX + + 1. brazen + 2. emblem + 3. presided + 4. corrupted + 5. oppressed + 6. condemned + 7. convinced + 8. congealed + 9. tankard + 10. dower + 11. contention + 12. manoeuvre + 13. pallid + 14. infinite + 15. breach + + +X + + 1. anon + 2. curfew + 3. straightway + 4. lingered + 5. reigned + 6. resounded + 7. luminous + 8. ample + 9. spacious + 10. dower + 11. mellow + 12. tremulous + 13. serenely + 14. flitted + 15. Abraham + + +XI + + 1. clamorous + 2. hamlets + 3. holiday + 4. blithe + 5. jocund + 6. greensward + 7. thronged + 8. hospitality + 9. betrothal + 10. waistcoats + 11. alternately + 12. embers + 13. vibrant + 14. mingled + 15. noblest + + +XII + + 1. sonorous + 2. garlands + 3. sacred + 4. dissonant + 5. clangor + 6. convened + 7. clement + 8. grievous + 9. forfeited + 10. transported + 11. wail + 12. imprecations + 13. distorted + 14. allegiance + 15. merciless + + +XIII + + 1. chancel + 2. mien + 3. awed + 4. clamorous + 5. solemn + 6. accents + 7. vigils + 8. profane + 9. compassion + 10. assail + 11. rebuke + 12. contrition + 13. fervent + 14. translated + 15. ardor + + +XIV + + 1. mysterious + 2. splendor + 3. emblazoned + 4. ambrosial + 5. celestial + 6. charity + 7. emotion + 8. meekness + 9. gloomier + 10. tenantless + 11. haunted + 12. phantoms + 13. echoed + 14. disconsolate + 15. keenly + + +XV + + 1. confusion + 2. thither + 3. thronged + 4. imprisoned + 5. wayworn + 6. foremost + 7. inexhaustible + 8. sacred + 9. strength + 10. submission + 11. affliction + 12. procession + 13. approached + 14. wayside + 15. mischances + + +XVI + + 1. consoling + 2. haggard + 3. caresses + 4. unperturbed + 5. mortals + 6. Titan-like + 7. quivering + 8. martyr + 9. dismay + 10. anguish + 11. dawned + 12. skirt (_v._) + 13. aspect + 14. affrighted + 15. nethermost + + +XVII + + 1. overwhelmed + 2. terror + 3. wailed + 4. sultry + 5. bleak + 6. despairing + 7. extended + 8. desert + 9. extinguished + 10. consumed + 11. incomplete + 12. lingered + 13. rumor + 14. hearsay + 15. inarticulate + + +XVIII + + 1. freighted + 2. exile + 3. asunder + 4. swoon + 5. oblivious + 6. trance + 7. multitude + 8. pallid + 9. compassion + 10. landscape + 11. senses + 12. sacred + 13. glare + 14. dirges + 15. embarking + + +XIX + + 1. voyageur + 2. loyal + 3. tedious + 4. tresses + 5. serenely + 6. illumines + 7. confession + 8. enrich + 9. refreshments + 10. endurance + 11. perfected + 12. rendered + 13. labored + 14. despair + 15. essay (_v._) + + +XX + + 1. cumbrous + 2. kith + 3. kin + 4. few-acred + 5. sombre + 6. turbulent + 7. chutes + 8. emerged + 9. lagoons + 10. wimpling + 11. luxuriant + 12. perpetual + 13. citron + 14. bayou + 15. sluggish + + +XXI + + 1. corridors + 2. multitudinous + 3. reverberant + 4. mysterious + 5. grim + 6. myriads + 7. resplendent + 8. sylvan + 9. suspended + 10. moored + 11. travelers + 12. extended + 13. pendulous + 14. flitted + 15. regions + + +XXII + + 1. countenance + 2. legibly + 3. oblivion + 4. screen + 5. trance + 6. vague + 7. superstition + 8. revealed + 9. credulous + 10. reverend + 11. idle + 12. buoy + 13. betrays + 14. illusions + 15. Eden + + +XXIII + + 1. magician + 2. wand + 3. landscape + 4. mingled + 5. inexpressible + 6. delirious + 7. plaintive + 8. roaring + 9. revel + 10. frenzied + 11. Bacchantes + 12. lamentation + 13. derision + 14. prelude + 15. amber + + +XXIV + + 1. garlands + 2. mystic + 3. flaunted + 4. Yule-tide + 5. girded + 6. luxuriant + 7. spacious + 8. symbol + 9. limitless + 10. cordage + 11. arrayed + 12. adverse + 13. vent + 14. misgivings + 15. embarrassed + + +XXV + + 1. mortals + 2. renowned + 3. triumphal + 4. enraptured + 5. hilarious + 6. marvelled + 7. ci-devant + 8. domains + 9. patriarchal + 10. dispensed + 11. profusion + 12. congeals + 13. ploughshare + 14. accordant + 15. melodious + + +XXVI + + 1. entranced + 2. irrepressible + 3. devious + 4. manifold + 5. Carthusian + 6. inundate + 7. indefinable + 8. measureless + 9. marvel + 10. comet + 11. oracular + 12. annointed + 13. delicious + 14. fasting + 15. famine + + +XXVII + + 1. perpetual + 2. jagged + 3. gorge + 4. emigrant + 5. precipitate + 6. ceaseless + 7. vibrations + 8. amorphas + 9. blast + 10. blight + 11. pinions + 12. implacable + 13. scaling + 14. taciturn + 15. anchorite + + +XXIII + + 1. venison + 2. companions + 3. swarthy + 4. reverses + 5. compassion + 6. mute + 7. dissolving + 8. weird + 9. incantation + 10. phantom + 11. enchanted + 12. enchantress + 13. sombre + 14. audible + 15. indefinite + + +XXIX + + 1. towering + 2. crucifix + 3. rural + 4. chapel + 5. intricate + 6. aerial + 7. vespers + 8. swarded + 9. benignant + 10. wigwam + 11. mother-tongue + 12. chase (_n._) + 13. submissive + 14. afflicted + 15. betimes + + +XXX + + 1. interlacing + 2. mendicant + 3. granaries + 4. pillage + 5. vigorous + 6. magnet + 7. suspended + 8. fragile + 9. limitless + 10. luxuriant + 11. fragrance + 12. hue + 13. perilous + 14. divers + 15. dawn + + +XXXI + + 1. sylvan + 2. apostle + 3. balm + 4. emblem + 5. fain + 6. appease + 7. haunts + 8. molested + 9. descendants + 10. hamlets + 11. illumined + 12. transfigured + 13. abnegation + 14. diffused + 15. aroma + + +XXXIII + + 1. pestilence + 2. presaged + 3. naught + 4. brackish + 5. margin + 6. oppressor + 7. scourge + 8. splendor + 9. wending + 10. corridors + 11. intermingled + 12. assiduous + 13. pallets + 14. languid + 15. consolor + + +XXXIV + + 1. flowerets + 2. terrible + 3. anguish + 4. assume + 5. portals + 6. exhausted + 7. infinite + 8. reverberations + 9. sylvan + 10. vanished + 11. vainly + 12. humble + 13. ebbing + 14. throbbing + 15. customs + + + +Transcriber's notes: + +1. The poem has been compared with another version already on Gutenberg-- +(vngln10). Where the two disagreed, this text was carefully re-checked to +ensure the text and punctuation matched those on the scanned image. + +2. The following apparent errors in the source text were corrected: + +Poem Line 73 'bessings' changed to blessings. 346 'manoeuvre': the oe +ligature was split. 668 'goods' changed to Gods. 692 full stop added to line +end. 718 'father-confessor': hyphen added. 840 'their' changed to there. 850 +'reverened' changed to reverend. 909 'spar' changed to spars. 909 'tropcis' +changed to tropics. 1083 'rivre' changed to river. 1256 'reecho' changed to +re-echo. + +2. Line 713 has been copied and inserted from vgln10. This was missing in +the book, but was referenced in the notes; the line numbering also showed a +missing line between 710 and 715. + +3. No other (deliberate) changes have made to the poem. There remain a +number of minor word and punctuation differences between this and vngln10. + +4. Special characters. + +A number of characters used in the notes to describe pronunciation do not +exist in ASCII. The following conventions have been used to represent them: + +[=a] 'a' + Macron; ('a' with a horizontal line above). +[=o] 'o' + Macron; ('o' with a horizontal line above). +[=e] 'e' + Macron; ('e' with a horizontal line above). + +[)a] 'a' with a curved line above - like horns. +[)e] 'e' with a curved line above - like horns. + +[.a] 'a' with a single dot above + + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Evangeline, by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EVANGELINE *** + +***** This file should be named 15390-8.txt or 15390-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/3/9/15390/ + +Produced by John Hagerson, Kevin Handy, S.R.Ellison and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Evangeline + with Notes and Plan of Study + +Author: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow + +Annotator: W. F. Conover + +Editor: W. F. Conover + + +Release Date: March 16, 2005 [EBook #15390] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EVANGELINE *** + + + + +Produced by John Hagerson, Kevin Handy, S.R.Ellison and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + + +[Illustration: EVANGELINE.] + + + + EVANGELINE + + A TALE OF ACADIE + + + BY + + HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW + + + + Edited with Introduction, Notes and a Plan of Study + + BY + + W.F. CONOVER. + + + A. FLANAGAN CO., PUBLISHERS, + CHICAGO + + +Copyright 1899 by W.F. CONOVER + + + + +NOTE. + + +The distinctive feature of this edition of Evangeline is the PLAN OF STUDY +which forms the latter part of the volume. + +This Plan for the study of "Evangeline" is the outgrowth of several years' +teaching of this delightful poem. It has proved successful in securing very +satisfactory work from classes varying greatly in ability. It has resulted, +in a considerable majority of cases, in (1) in awakening an interest in and +a love for good literature; (2) opening up the field of literature in a +new way, and showing that much wealth may be gotten by digging below +the surface; (3) developing a considerable power of discrimination; (4) +enlarging the pupil's working vocabulary. See "Argument" on page 113. + + THE AUTHOR. + + + + +CONTENTS. + + +NOTE Page 5 + +INTRODUCTION. + THE AUTHOR 7 + THE POEM 9 + ACADIA AND THE ACADIANS 12 + +EVANGELINE: A TALE OF ACADIE. + PART THE FIRST 20 + PART THE SECOND 60 + +NOTES ON EVANGELINE. + PART ONE 107 + PART TWO 110 + +A PLAN OF STUDY. + PART I 119 + PART II 124 + PART III 142 + + + + + +INTRODUCTION. + + +THE AUTHOR. + +Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was born in Portland, Maine, February 27, 1807. +His father and mother were of English stock, his mother being a descendant +of "John Alden and Priscilla." Stephen Longfellow, his father, was a lawyer +and statesman. Henry's school life began at the age of three. When he was +six years old he could read, spell and multiply, and at the age of seven was +half way through his Latin grammar. He early showed a taste for reading, and +read not only his father's small stock of books, but frequented the Portland +Library and book stores. "The Battle of Lovell's Pond" was his first poem, +written when he was thirteen. He entered Bowdoin College at the age of +fourteen, graduating in 1825. During the latter part of his student +life there he began to show a considerable literary bent. Shortly after +graduating from Bowdoin, Longfellow was elected Professor of Modern +Languages in that institution. Before entering upon his work, he spent three +years in study and travel in Europe, returning to America in 1829. For five +and one-half years he taught in Bowdoin, during which time he began serious +work as an author. In 1834, Harvard called him to the chair of Modern +Languages. He again made a trip to Europe for further study. Longfellow was +connected with Harvard for nineteen years, resigning his position in 1854 to +devote his whole time to literature. + +His two principal prose works are "Outre Mer" and "Hyperion." The latter was +followed by a volume of poems entitled "Voices of the Night." "Ballads and +Other Poems" appeared in 1841, and showed much more talent. "Evangeline" was +written in 1847; "Hiawatha" in 1855, and the "Courtship of Miles Standish" +in 1857. "Evangeline" and "Hiawatha" are considered the best of his longer +poems. "The Building of the Ship" and "Excelsior" are perhaps the best known +of his shorter poems. + +Longfellow died at Cambridge in 1882. + + + + +THE POEM. + +"Evangeline" is considered Longfellow's masterpiece among his longer +poems. It is said to have been the author's favorite. It has a universal +popularity, having been translated into many languages. + +E.C. Stedman styles it the "Flower of American Idyls." + +"Evangeline" is a Narrative poem, since it tells a story. Some of the +world's greatest poems have been of this kind, notably the "Iliad" and the +"Odyssey" of Homer, and the "Aeneid," of Virgil. It may be also classified +as an Idyl, which is a simple, pastoral poem of no great length. + +Poetry has been defined as "impassioned expression in verse or metrical +form." All modern English poetry has metre, and much of it rhyme. By +metre is meant a regular recurrence of accented syllables among unaccented +syllables. "Evangeline" is written in what is called hexameter, having +six accents to the line. An accented syllable is followed by one or two +unaccented. A line must begin with an accented syllable, the last accent +but one be followed by two unaccented syllables, and the last by one. +Representing an accented syllable by O and an unaccented syllable by a -, +the first line of the poem would be as follows: + + O - - O - - O - - O - - O - - O - +This is the forest primeval, the murmuring pines and the hemlocks, + + "The measure lends itself easily to the lingering melancholy which + marks a greater part of the poem." + + "In reading there should be a gentle labor of the former half of the + line and gentle acceleration of the latter half."--_Scudder_. + +[Illustration: NOVA SCOTIA AND VICINITY.] + + + + +ACADIA AND THE ACADIANS. + +Acadia, now known as Nova Scotia, was settled by the French in 1607. Many of +the colonists settled in the fertile region about the Bay of Minas, an arm +of the Bay of Fundy. One of these settlements was called Grand Pre, meaning +Great Meadow. The people were industrious and thrifty and they soon attained +a considerable prosperity. + +During the early period of American History, France and England were almost +continually at war with one another, and in these wars the colonists were +concerned. At the close of what is known as Queen Anne's war, in 1713, +France ceded Acadia to the English, and it has since remained in their +possession. Some thirty-five years passed before an English settlement +was made at Halifax, the Acadians in the meantime remaining in undisturbed +possession of the country. Soon after the settlement of Halifax trouble +began between the rival colonists. + +The Acadians were, as a whole, a quiet and peaceable people, content to till +their farms and let the mother countries settle any disputes. Some of them +were not thus minded and they succeeded in causing considerable trouble. +Frequent attacks were made upon Halifax by the Indians who were supposed to +have been aided and encouraged by the Acadians. The Acadians had refused +to take the oath of allegiance to the English and this caused them to be +regarded with suspicion and fear. They had sworn fidelity on the condition +that they should not be required to bear arms against the French, with +whom they naturally sympathized, being of the same blood and religion. They +persistently refused to go further and swear allegiance. + +The English were not without blame since it must be admitted they had +covetous eyes upon the rich farms of the Acadians and an opportunity to take +possession of them would not be unwelcome. + +[Illustration: Map of Annapolis and Kings Counties.] + +The strife that had so long been going on between France and England to +determine which should rule in the New World was now at a critical point. +England's power seemed to be trembling in the balance. Her defeat meant +great disaster to the Colonies. Alarmed by Braddock's failure, the Colonists +determined something must be done to prevent the Acadians giving assistance +to the French. To send them to Canada would be to strengthen the enemy, +while to transport them to any one of the Colonies would be equally unwise +since they would there be a source of danger. It was finally decided to +scatter them among the different settlements. An order was issued requiring +all the males of Grand Pre and vicinity ten years old and upwards to +assemble in the church to hear a Proclamation of the King. Failure to attend +would result in a forfeiture of all property of the individual. On the +appointed day the men gathered in the church and heard the Mandate directing +that all their property, excepting household goods and money, should be +forfeited to the Crown and they with their families should be transported to +other lands. They were held prisoners until the time of sailing, the women +and the children gathering their belongings on the beach. The expected +transports failed to arrive on time and fear of trouble led the English +to hurry their prisoners aboard the few ships in the harbor. These were +so crowded nearly all the goods had to be left behind, and in the haste +of embarking many families, lovers and friends were parted, being carried +aboard different ships bound for different ports. + +On October 29th, 1755, the Acadians sailed away into exile, an "exile +without an end, and without an example in story." + +There is a considerable difference of opinion as to whether such extreme +measures were justified. The English Colonists evidently felt that it was +a necessary act, an act of self-preservation. It is, perhaps, no worse than +many of the horrors of war. On the other hand the Acadians had, as a whole, +committed no overt act of disloyalty, though a few of them had done so. +Should a whole community thus suffer for the wrong doing of a few? This is +certainly a difficult question. + +Those interested in the subject should read an article by Parkman in +"Harper's Magazine" for November, 1884, where he justifies the action. For +the opposite view, see "Acadia" by Edouard Richards, vol. I, chap. IV. + +The following quotations will be found of interest. The first is from +Edouard Richards; the second and third from two of contemporaries of the +exiled Acadians, Moses de les Derniers and Brook Watson. + +"All that vast bay, around which but lately an industrious people worked +like a swarm of bees, was now deserted. In the silent village, where the +doors swung idly in the wind, nothing was heard but the tramp of soldiery +and the lowing of cattle, wandering anxiously around the stables as if +looking for their masters....The total amount of live-stock owned by the +Acadians at the time of the deportation has been variously estimated by +different historians, or to speak more correctly, very few have paid any +attention to this subject....Rameau, who has made a much deeper study than +any other historian of the Acadians, sets the total at 130,000, comprising +horned cattle, horses, sheep, and pigs." + +Edouard Richard quotes the following from two contemporaries of the exiled +Acadians. "The Acadians were the most innocent and virtuous people I have +ever known or read of in any history. They lived in a state of perfect +equality, without distinction of rank in society. The title of 'Mister' was +unknown among them. Knowing nothing of luxury, or even the conveniences of +life, they were content with a simple manner of living, which they easily +compassed by the tillage of their lands. Very little ambition or avarice +was to be seen among them; they anticipated each other's wants by kindly +liberality; they demanded no interest for loans of money or other property. +They were humane and hospitable to strangers, and very liberal toward those +who embraced their religion. They were very remarkable for their inviolable +purity of morals. If any disputes arose in their transactions, they always +submitted to the decision of an arbitrator, and their final appeal was to +their priest."--_Moses de les Derniers_. + +"Young men were not encouraged to marry unless the young girl could weave +a piece of cloth, and the young man make a pair of wheels. These +accomplishments were deemed essential for their marriage settlement, and +they hardly needed anything else; for every time there was a wedding the +whole village contributed to set up the newly married couple. They built a +house for them, and cleared enough land for their immediate needs; they gave +them live stock and poultry; and nature, seconded by their own labor, soon +put them in a position to help others."--_Brook Watson_. + +[Illustration: Village of Grand Pre. Rivers Gaspereau and Avon in the +distance.] + + + + +EVANGELINE. + +PRELUDE. + + + This is the forest primeval. The murmuring pines and the hemlocks, +Bearded with moss, and in garments green, indistinct in the twilight, +Stand like Druids of eld, with voices sad and prophetic, +Stand like harpers hoar, with beards that rest on their bosoms. +Loud from its rocky caverns, the deep-voiced neighboring ocean 5 +Speaks, and in accents disconsolate answers the wail of the forest. + + This is the forest primeval; but where are the hearts that beneath it +Leaped like the roe, when he hears in the woodland the voice of the huntsman? +Where is the thatch-roofed village, the home of Acadian farmers-- +Men whose lives glided on like rivers that water the woodlands, 10 +Darkened by shadows of earth, but reflecting an image of heaven? + + Waste are those pleasant farms, and the farmers forever departed! +Scattered like dust and leaves, when the mighty blasts of October +Seize them, and whirl them aloft, and sprinkle them far o'er the ocean. +Naught but tradition remains of the beautiful village of Grand-Pre. 15 +Ye who believe in affection that hopes, and endures, and is patient, +Ye who believe in the beauty and strength of woman's devotion. +List to the mournful tradition still sung by the pines of the forest; +List to a Tale of Love in Acadie, home of the happy. + + + +PART THE FIRST. + +SECTION I. + + + In the Acadian land, on the shores of the Basin of Minas, 20 +Distant, secluded, still, the little village of Grand-Pre +Lay in the fruitful valley. Vast meadows stretched to the eastward, +Giving the village its name and pasture to flocks without number. +Dikes, that the hands of the farmers had raised with labor incessant, +Shut out the turbulent tides; but at stated seasons the flood-gates 25 +Opened and welcomed the sea to wander at will o'er the meadows. +West and south there were fields of flax, and orchards and cornfields +Spreading afar and unfenced o'er the plain; and away to the northward +Blomidon rose, and the forests old, and aloft on the mountains +Sea-fogs pitched their tents, and mists from the mighty Atlantic 30 +Looked on the happy valley, but ne'er from their station descended. +There, in the midst of its farms, reposed the Acadian village. +Strongly built were the houses, with frames of oak and of hemlock, +Such as the peasants of Normandy built in the reign of the Henries. +Thatched were the roofs, with dormer-windows; and gables projecting 35 +Over the basement below protected and shaded the doorway. +There in the tranquil evenings of summer, when brightly the sunset +Lighted the village street, and gilded the vanes on the chimneys, +Matrons and maidens sat in snow-white caps and in kirtles +Scarlet and blue and green, with distaffs spinning the golden 40 +Flax for the gossiping looms, whose noisy shuttles within doors +Mingled their sound with the whir of the wheels and the songs of the maidens. +Solemnly down the street came the parish priest, and the children +Paused in their play to kiss the hand he extended to bless them. +Reverend walked he among them; and up rose matrons and maidens, 45 +Hailing his slow approach with words of affectionate welcome. +Then came the laborers home from the field, and serenely the sun sank +Down to his rest, and twilight prevailed. Anon from the belfry +Softly the Angelus sounded, and over the roofs of the village +Columns of pale blue smoke, like clouds of incense ascending, 50 +Rose from a hundred hearths, the homes of peace and contentment. +Thus dwelt together in love these simple Acadian farmers,-- +Dwelt in the love of God and of man. Alike were they free from +Fear, that reigns with the tyrant, and envy, the vice of republics. +Neither locks had they to their doors, nor bars to their windows; 55 +But their dwellings were open as day and the hearts of the owners; +There the richest was poor, and the poorest lived in abundance. + + Somewhat apart from the village, and nearer the Basin of Minas, +Benedict Bellefontaine, the wealthiest farmer of Grand-Pre, +Dwelt on his goodly acres; and with him, directing his household, 60 +Gentle Evangeline lived, his child, and the pride of the village. +Stalworth and stately in form was the man of seventy winters; +Hearty and hale was he, an oak that is covered with snow-flakes; +White as the snow were his locks, and his cheeks as brown as the oak-leaves. +Fair was she to behold, that maiden of seventeen summers; 65 +Black were her eyes as the berry that grows on the thorn by the wayside, +Black, yet how softly they gleamed beneath the brown shade of her tresses! +Sweet was her breath as the breath of kine that feed in the meadows. +When in the harvest heat she bore to the reapers at noontide +Flagons of home-brewed ale, ah! fair in sooth was the maiden. 70 +Fairer was she, when on Sunday morn, while the bell from its turret +Sprinkled with holy sounds the air, as the priest with his hyssop +Sprinkles the congregation, and scatters blessings upon them +Down the long street she passed, with her chaplet of beads and her missal, +Wearing her Norman cap and her kirtle of blue, and the ear-rings 75 +Brought in the olden time from France, and since, as an heirloom, +Handed down from mother to child, through long generations. +But a celestial brightness--a more ethereal beauty-- +Shone on her face and encircled her form, when, after confession, +Homeward serenely she walked with God's benediction upon her. 80 +When she had passed, it seemed like the ceasing of exquisite music. + + Firmly builded with rafters of oak, the house of the farmer +Stood on the side of a hill commanding the sea; and a shady +Sycamore grew by the door, with a woodbine wreathing around it. +Rudely carved was the porch, with seats beneath; and a footpath 85 +Led through an orchard wide, and disappeared in the meadow. +Under the sycamore-tree were hives overhung by a penthouse, +Such as the traveler sees in regions remote by the roadside, +Built o'er a box for the poor, or the blessed image of Mary. +Farther down, on the slope of the hill, was the well with its moss-grown 90 +Bucket, fastened with iron, and near it a trough for the horses. +Shielding the house from storms, on the north, were the barns and the farmyard; +There stood the broad-wheeled wains and the antique plows and harrows; +There were the folds for the sheep, and there in his feathered seraglio, +Strutted the lordly turkey, and crowed the cock, with the selfsame 95 +Voice that in ages of old had startled the penitent Peter. +Bursting with hay were the barns, themselves a village. In each one +Far o'er the gable projected a roof of thatch; and a staircase, +Under the sheltering eaves, led up to the odorous cornloft. +There too the dove-cot stood, with its meek and innocent inmates 100 +Murmuring ever of love; while above in the variant breezes +Numberless noisy weathercocks rattled and sang of mutation. + + Thus, at peace with God and the world, the farmer of Grand-Pre +Lived on his sunny farm, and Evangeline governed his household. +Many a youth, as he knelt in the church and opened his missal, 105 +Fixed his eyes upon her as the saint of his deepest devotion; +Happy was he who might touch her hand or the hem of her garment! +Many a suitor came to her door, by the darkness befriended, +And, as he knocked and waited to hear the sound of her footsteps, +Knew not which beat the louder, his heart or the knocker of iron; 110 +Or, at the joyous feast of the Patron Saint of the village, +Bolder grew, and pressed her hand in the dance as he whispered +Hurried words of love, that seemed a part of the music. +But among all who came young Gabriel only was welcome; +Gabriel Lajeunesse, the son of Basil the blacksmith, 115 +Who was a mighty man in the village, and honored of all men; +For since the birth of time, throughout all ages and nations, +Has the craft of the smith been held in repute by the people. +Basil was Benedict's friend. Their children from earliest childhood +Grew up together as brother and sister; and Father Felician, 120 +Priest and pedagogue both in the village, had taught them their letters +Out of the selfsame book, with the hymns of the church and the plain-song. +But when the hymn was sung, and the daily lesson completed, +Swiftly they hurried away to the forge of Basil the blacksmith. +There at the door they stood, with wondering eyes to behold him 125 +Take in his leathern lap the hoof of the horse as a plaything, +Nailing the shoe in its place; while near him the tire of the cart-wheel +Lay like a fiery snake, coiled round in a circle of cinders. +Oft on autumnal eves, when without in the gathering darkness +Bursting with light seemed the smithy, through every cranny and crevice, 130 +Warm by the forge within they watched the laboring bellows, +And as its panting ceased, and the sparks expired in the ashes, +Merrily laughed, and said they were nuns going into the chapel. +Oft on sledges in winter, as swift as the swoop of the eagle, +Down the hillside bounding, they glided away o'er the meadow. 135 +Oft in the barns they climbed to the populous nests on the rafters, +Seeking with eager eyes that wondrous stone, which the swallow +Brings from the shore of the sea to restore the sight of its fledglings; +Lucky was he who found that stone in the nest of the swallow! +Thus passed a few swift years, and they no longer were children. 140 +He was a valiant youth, and his face, like the face of the morning, +Gladdened the earth with its light, and ripened thought into action. +She was a woman now, with the heart and hopes of a woman. +"Sunshine of St. Eulalie" was she called; for that was the sunshine +Which, as the farmers believed, would load their orchards with apples; 145 +She too would bring to her husband's house delight and abundance, +Filling it full of love and ruddy faces of children. + + +SECTION II. + + + Now had the season returned, when the nights grow colder and longer, +And the retreating sun the sign of the Scorpion enters. +Birds of passage sailed through the leaden air, from the ice-bound, 150 +Desolate northern bays to the shores of tropical islands. +Harvests were gathered in; and wild with the winds of September +Wrestled the trees of the forest, as Jacob of old with the angel. +All the signs foretold a winter long and inclement. +Bees, with prophetic instinct of want, had hoarded their honey 155 +Till the hives overflowed; and the Indian hunters asserted +Cold would the winter be, for thick was the fur of the foxes. +Such was the advent of autumn. Then followed that beautiful season, +Called by the pious Acadian peasants the Summer of All-Saints! +Filled was the air with a dreamy and magical light; and the landscape 160 +Lay as if new-created in all the freshness of childhood. +Peace seemed to reign upon earth, and the restless heart of the ocean +Was for a moment consoled. All sounds were in harmony blended. +Voices of children at play, the crowing of cocks in the farm-yards, +Whir of wings in the drowsy air, and the cooing of pigeons 165 +All were subdued and low as the murmurs of love, and the great sun +Looked with the eye of love through the golden vapors around him; +While arrayed in its robes of russet and scarlet and yellow, +Bright with the sheen of the dew, each glittering tree of the forest +Flashed like the plane-tree the Persian adorned with mantles and jewels. 170 + + Now recommenced the reign of rest and affection and stillness. +Day with its burden and heat had departed, and twilight descending +Brought back the evening star to the sky, and the herds to the homestead. +Pawing the ground they came, and resting their necks on each other, +And with their nostrils distended inhaling the freshness of evening. 175 +Foremost, bearing the bell, Evangeline's beautiful heifer, +Proud of her snow-white hide, and the ribbon that waved from her collar, +Quietly paced and slow, as if conscious of human affection. +Then came the shepherd back with his bleating flocks from the seaside, +Where was their favorite pasture. Behind them followed the watch-dog, 180 +Patient, full of importance, and grand in the pride of his instinct, +Walking from side to side with a lordly air, and superbly +Waving his bushy tail, and urging forward the stragglers; +Regent of flocks was he when the shepherd slept; their protector, +When from the forest at night, through the starry silence, the wolves howled. 185 +Late, with the rising moon, returned the wains from the marshes, +Laden with briny hay, that filled the air with its odor. +Cheerily neighed the steeds, with dew on their manes and their fetlocks, +While aloft on their shoulders the wooden and ponderous saddles, +Painted with brilliant dyes, and adorned with tassels of crimson, 190 +Nodded in bright array, like hollyhocks heavy with blossoms. +Patiently stood the cows meanwhile, and yielded their udders +Unto the milkmaid's hand; whilst loud and in regular cadence +Into the sounding pails the foaming streamlets descended. +Lowing of cattle and peals of laughter were heard in the farm-yard, 195 +Echoed back by the barns. Anon they sank into stillness; +Heavily closed, with a jarring sound, the valves of the barn-doors, +Rattled the wooden bars, and all for a season was silent. + + In-doors, warm by the wide-mouthed fireplace, idly the farmer +Sat in his elbow-chair, and watched how the flames and the smoke-wreaths 200 +Struggled together like foes in a burning city. Behind him, +Nodding and mocking along the wall with gestures fantastic, +Darted his own huge shadow, and vanished away into darkness. +Faces, clumsily carved in oak, on the back of his arm-chair, +Laughed in the flickering light, and the pewter plates on the dresser 205 +Caught and reflected the flame, as shields of armies the sunshine. +Fragments of song the old man sang, and carols of Christmas, +Such as at home, in the olden time, his fathers before him +Sang in their Norman orchards and bright Burgundian vineyards. +Close at her father's side was the gentle Evangeline seated, 210 +Spinning flax for the loom that stood in the corner behind her. +Silent awhile were its treadles, at rest was its diligent shuttle, +While the monotonous drone of the wheel, like the drone of a bagpipe, +Followed the old man's song, and united the fragments together. +As in a church, when the chant of the choir at intervals ceases, 215 +Footfalls are heard in the aisles, or words of priest at the altar, +So, in each pause of the song, with measured motion the clock clicked. + + Thus as they sat, there were footsteps heard, and, suddenly lifted, +Sounded the wooden latch, and the door swung back on its hinges. +Benedict knew by the hob-nailed shoes it was Basil the blacksmith, 220 +And by her beating heart Evangeline knew who was with him. +"Welcome!" the farmer exclaimed, as their footsteps paused on the threshold, +"Welcome, Basil, my friend! Come, take thy place on the settle +Close by the chimney-side, which is always empty without thee; +Take from the shelf overhead thy pipe and the box of tobacco; 225 +Never so much thyself art thou as when, through the curling +Smoke of the pipe or the forge, thy friendly and jovial face gleams +Round and red as the harvest moon through the mist of the marshes." +Then, with a smile of content, thus answered Basil the blacksmith, +Taking with easy air the accustomed seat by the fireside:-- 230 +"Benedict Bellefontaine, thou hast ever thy jest and thy ballad! +Ever in cheerfullest mood art thou, when others are filled with +Gloomy forebodings of ill, and see only ruin before them. +Happy art thou, as if every day thou hadst picked up a horseshoe." +Pausing a moment, to take the pipe that Evangeline brought him, 235 +And with a coal from the embers had lighted, he slowly continued:-- +"Four days now are passed since the English ships at their anchors +Ride in the Gaspereau's mouth, with their cannon pointed against us. +What their design may be is unknown; but all are commanded +On the morrow to meet in the church, where his Majesty's mandate 240 +Will be proclaimed as law in the land. Alas! in the mean time +Many surmises of evil alarm the hearts of the people." +Then made answer the farmer:--"Perhaps some friendlier purpose +Brings these ships to our shores. Perhaps the harvests in England +By untimely rains or untimelier heat have been blighted, 245 +And from our bursting barns they would feed their cattle and children." +"Not so thinketh the folk in the village," said warmly the blacksmith, +Shaking his head as in doubt; then, heaving a sigh, he continued:-- +"Louisburg is not forgotten, nor Beau Sejour, nor Port Royal. +Many already have fled to the forest, and lurk on its outskirts, 250 +Waiting with anxious hearts the dubious fate of to-morrow. +Arms have been taken from us, and warlike weapons of all kinds; +Nothing is left but the blacksmith's sledge and the scythe of the mower." +Then with a pleasant smile made answer the jovial farmer:-- +"Safer are we unarmed, in the midst of our flocks and our cornfields, 255 +Safer within these peaceful dikes besieged by the ocean, +Than our fathers in forts, besieged by the enemy's cannon. +Fear no evil, my friend, and to-night may no shadow of sorrow +Fall on this house and hearth; for this is the night of the contract. +Built are the house and the barn. The merry lads of the village 260 +Strongly have built them and well; and, breaking the glebe round about them, +Filled the barn with hay, and the house with food for a twelvemonth. +Rene Leblanc will be here anon, with his papers and inkhorn. +Shall we not then be glad, and rejoice in the joy of our children?" +As apart by the window she stood, with her hand in her lover's, 265 +Blushing Evangeline heard the words that her father had spoken, +And, as they died on his lips, the worthy notary entered. + + +SECTION III. + + + Bent like a laboring oar, that toils in the surf of the ocean, +Bent, but not broken, by age was the form of the notary public; +Shocks of yellow hair, like the silken floss of the maize, hung 270 +Over his shoulders; his forehead was high; and glasses with horn bows +Sat astride on his nose, with a look of wisdom supernal. +Father of twenty children was he, and more than a hundred +Children's children rode on his knee, and heard his great watch tick. +Four long years in the times of the war had he languished a captive, 275 +Suffering much in an old French fort as the friend of the English. +Now, though warier grown, without all guile or suspicion, +Ripe in wisdom was he, but patient, and simple, and childlike. +He was beloved by all, and most of all by the children; +For he told them tales of the Loup-garou in the forest, 280 +And of the goblin that came in the night to water the horses, +And of the white Letiche, the ghost of a child who unchristened +Died, and was doomed to haunt unseen the chambers of children; +And how on Christmas eve the oxen talked in the stable, +And how the fever was cured by a spider shut up in a nutshell, 285 +And of the marvelous powers of four-leaved clover and horseshoes, +With whatsoever else was writ in the lore of the village. +Then up rose from his seat by the fireside Basil the blacksmith, +Knocked from his pipe the ashes, and slowly extending his right hand, +"Father Leblanc," he exclaimed, "thou hast heard the talk in the village, 290 +And, perchance, canst tell us some news of these ships and their errand." +Then with modest demeanor made answer the notary public,-- +"Gossip enough have I heard, in sooth, yet am never the wiser; +And what their errand may be I know no better than others. +Yet am I not of those who imagine some evil intention 295 +Brings them here, for we are at peace; and why then molest us?" +"God's name!" shouted the hasty and somewhat irascible blacksmith; +"Must we in all things look for the how, and the why, and the wherefore? +Daily injustice is done, and might is the right of the strongest!" +But, without heeding his warmth, continued the notary public,-- 300 +"Man is unjust, but God is just; and finally justice +Triumphs; and well I remember a story, that often consoled me, +When as a captive I lay in the old French fort at Port Royal." +This was the old man's favorite tale, and he loved to repeat it +When his neighbors complained that any injustice was done them. 305 +"Once in an ancient city, whose name I no longer remember, +Raised aloft on a column, a brazen statute of Justice +Stood in the public square, upholding the scales in its left hand, +And in its right a sword, as an emblem that justice presided +Over the laws of the land, and the hearts and homes of the people. 310 +Even the birds had built their nests in the scales of the balance, +Having no fear of the sword that flashed in the sunshine above them. +But in the course of time the laws of the land were corrupted; +Might took the place of right, and the weak were oppressed, and the mighty +Ruled with an iron rod. Then it chanced in a nobleman's palace 315 +That a necklace of pearls was lost, and ere long a suspicion +Fell on an orphan girl who lived as maid in the household. +She, after form of trial condemned to die on the scaffold, +Patiently met her doom at the foot of the statue of Justice. +As to her Father in heaven her innocent spirit ascended, 320 +Lo! o'er the city a tempest rose; and the bolts of the thunder +Smote the statue of bronze, and hurled in wrath from its left hand +Down on the pavement below the clattering scales of the balance, +And in the hollow thereof was found the nest of a magpie, +Into whose clay-built walls the necklace of pearls was inwoven." 325 +Silenced, but not convinced, when the story was ended, the blacksmith +Stood like a man who fain would speak, but findeth no language; +All his thoughts were congealed into lines on his face, as the vapors +Freeze in fantastic shapes on the window-panes in the winter. + + Then Evangeline lighted the brazen lamp on the table, 330 +Filled, till it overflowed, the pewter tankard with home-brewed +Nut-brown ale, that was famed for its strength in the village of Grand-Pre; +While from his pocket the notary drew his papers and inkhorn, +Wrote with a steady hand the date and the age of the parties, +Naming the dower of the bride in flocks of sheep and in cattle. 335 +Orderly all things proceeded, and duly and well were completed, +And the great seal of the law was set like a sun on the margin. +Then from his leathern pouch the farmer threw on the table +Three times the old man's fee in solid pieces of silver; +And the notary rising, and blessing the bride and bridegroom, 340 +Lifted aloft the tankard of ale and drank to their welfare. +Wiping the foam from his lip, he solemnly bowed and departed, +While in silence the others sat and mused by the fireside, +Till Evangeline brought the draught-board out of its corner. +Soon was the game begun. In friendly contention the old men 345 +Laughed at each lucky hit, or unsuccessful manoeuvre, +Laughed when a man was crowned, or a breach was made in the king-row. +Meanwhile, apart, in the twilight gloom of a window's embrasure, +Sat the lovers and whispered together, beholding the moon rise +Over the pallid sea and the silvery mist of the meadows. 350 + + Silently, one by one, in the infinite meadows of heaven, +Blossomed the lovely stars, the forget-me-nots of the angels. + + Thus was the evening passed. Anon the bell from the belfry +Rang out the hour of nine, the village curfew, and straightway +Rose the guests and departed; and silence reigned in the household. 355 +Many a farewell word and sweet good-night on the door-step +Lingered long in Evangeline's heart, and filled it with gladness. +Carefully then were covered the embers that glowed on the hearth-stone, +And on the oaken stairs resounded the tread of the farmer. +Soon with a soundless step the foot of Evangeline followed. 360 +Up the staircase moved a luminous space in the darkness, +Lighted less by the lamp than the shining face of the maiden. +Silent she passed through the hall, and entered the door of her chamber. +Simple that chamber was, with its curtains of white, and its clothes-press +Ample and high, on whose spacious shelves were carefully folded 365 +Linen and woolen stuffs, by the hand of Evangeline woven +This was the precious dower she would bring to her husband in marriage, +Better than flocks and herds, being proofs of her skill as a housewife. +Soon she extinguished her lamp, for the mellow and radiant moonlight +Streamed through the windows, and lighted the room, till the heart of the maiden 370 +Swelled and obeyed its power, like the tremulous tides of the ocean. +Ah! she was fair, exceeding fair to behold, as she stood with +Naked snow-white feet on the gleaming floor of her chamber! +Little she dreamed that below, among the trees of the orchard, +Waited her lover and watched for the gleam of her lamp and her shadow. 375 +Yet were her thoughts of him, and at times a feeling of sadness +Passed o'er her soul, as the sailing shade of clouds in the moonlight +Flitted across the floor and darkened the room for a moment. +And, as she gazed from the window, she saw serenely the moon pass +Forth from the folds of a cloud, and one star follow her footsteps, 380 +As out of Abraham's tent young Ishmael wandered with Hagar. + + +SECTION IV. + + Pleasantly rose next morn the sun on the village of Grand-Pre. +Pleasantly gleamed in the soft, sweet air the Basin of Minas, +Where the ships, with their wavering shadows, were riding at anchor. +Life had been long astir in the village, and clamorous labor 385 +Knocked with its hundred hands at the golden gates of the morning. +Now from the country around, from the farms and neighboring hamlets, +Came in their holiday dresses the blithe Acadian peasants. +Many a glad good-morrow and jocund laugh from the young folk +Made the bright air brighter, as up from the numerous meadows, 390 +Where no path could be seen but the track of wheels in the greensward, +Group after group appeared, and joined, or passed on the highway. +Long ere noon, in the village all sounds of labor were silenced. +Thronged were the streets with people; and noisy groups at the house-doors +Sat in the cheerful sun, and rejoiced and gossiped together. 395 +Every house was an inn, where all were welcomed and feasted; +For with this simple people, who lived like brothers together, +All things were held in common, and what one had was another's. +Yet under Benedict's roof hospitality seemed more abundant: +For Evangeline stood among the guests of her father. 400 +Bright was her face with smiles, and words of welcome and gladness +Fell from her beautiful lips, and blessed the cup as she gave it. + + Under the open sky, in the odorous air of the orchard, +Stript of its golden fruit, was spread the feast of betrothal. +There in the shade of the porch were the priest and the notary seated; 405 +There good Benedict sat, and sturdy Basil the blacksmith. +Not far withdrawn from these, by the cider press and the bee-hives, +Michael the fiddler was placed, with the gayest of hearts and of waistcoats. +Shadow and light from the leaves alternately played on his snow-white +Hair, as it waved in the wind; and the jolly face of the fiddler 410 +Glowed like a living coal when the ashes are blown from the embers. +Gaily the old man sang to the vibrant sound of his fiddle, +_Tous les Bourgeois de Chartres_, and _Le Carillon de Dunkerque_, +And anon with his wooden shoes beat time to the music. +Merrily, merrily whirled the wheels of the dizzying dances 415 +Under the orchard-trees and down the path to the meadows; +Old folk and young together, and children mingled among them. +Fairest of all maids was Evangeline, Benedict's daughter! +Noblest of all the youths was Gabriel, son of the blacksmith! + + So passed the morning away. And lo! with a summons sonorous 420 +Sounded the bell from its tower, and over the meadows a drum beat. +Thronged ere long was the church with men. Without, in the churchyard, +Waited the women. They stood by the graves, and hung on the headstones +Garlands of autumn-leaves and evergreens fresh from the forest. +Then came the guard from the ships, and marching proudly among them 425 +Entered the sacred portal. With loud and dissonant clangor +Echoed the sound of their brazen drums from ceiling and casement,-- +Echoed a moment only, and slowly the ponderous portal +Closed, and in silence the crowd awaited the will of the soldiers. +Then uprose their commander, and spake from the steps of the altar, 430 +Holding aloft in his hands, with the seals, the royal commission. +"You are convened this day," he said, "by his Majesty's orders. +Clement and kind has he been; but how you have answered his kindness +Let your own hearts reply! To my natural make and my temper +Painful the task is I do, which to you I know must be grievous. 435 +Yet must I bow and obey, and deliver the will of our monarch: +Namely, that all your lands, and dwellings, and cattle of all kinds +Forfeited be to the crown; and that you yourselves from this province +Be transported to other lands. God grant you may dwell there +Ever as faithful subjects, a happy and peaceable people! 440 +Prisoners now I declare you, for such is his Majesty's pleasure!" +As, when the air is serene in the sultry solstice of summer, +Suddenly gathers a storm, and the deadly sling of the hailstones +Beats down the farmer's corn in the field, and shatters his windows, +Hiding the sun, and strewing the ground with thatch from the house-roofs, 445 +Bellowing fly the herds, and seek to break their enclosures; +So on the hearts of the people descended the words of the speaker. +Silent a moment they stood in speechless wonder, and then rose +Louder and ever louder a wail of sorrow and anger, +And, by one impulse moved, they madly rushed to the door-way. 450 +Vain was the hope of escape; and cries and fierce imprecations +Rang through the house of prayer; and high o'er the heads of the others +Rose, with his arms uplifted, the figure of Basil the blacksmith, +As, on a stormy sea, a spar is tossed by the billows. +Flushed was his face and distorted with passion; and wildly he shouted,-- 455 +"Down with the tyrants of England! we never have sworn them allegiance! +Death to these foreign soldiers, who seize on our homes and our harvests!" +More he fain would have said, but the merciless hand of a soldier +Smote him upon the mouth, and dragged him down to the pavement. + + In the midst of the strife and tumult of angry contention, 460 +Lo! the door of the chancel opened, and Father Felician +Entered, with serious mien, and ascended the steps of the altar. +Raising his reverend hand, with a gesture he awed into silence +All that clamorous throng; and thus he spake to his people; +Deep were his tones and solemn; in accents measured and mournful 465 +Spake he, as, after the tocsin's alarum, distinctly the clock strikes. +"What is this that ye do, my children? what madness has seized you? +Forty years of my life have I labored among you, and taught you, +Not in word alone, but in deed, to love one another! +Is this the fruit of my toils, of my vigils and prayers and privations? 470 +Have you so soon forgotten all lessons of love and forgiveness? +This is the house of the Prince of Peace, and would you profane it +Thus with violent deeds and hearts overflowing with hatred? +Lo! where the crucified Christ from His cross is gazing upon you! +See! in those sorrowful eyes what meekness and holy compassion! 475 +Hark! how those lips still repeat the prayer, 'O Father, forgive them!' +Let us repeat that prayer in the hour when the wicked assail us, +Let us repeat it now, and say, 'O Father, forgive them!'" +Few were his words of rebuke, but deep in the hearts of his people +Sank they, and sobs of contrition succeeded the passionate outbreak, 480 +While they repeated his prayer and said, "O Father, forgive them!" + + Then came the evening service. The tapers gleamed from the altar; +Fervent and deep was the voice of the priest, and the people responded, +Not with their lips alone, but their hearts; and the Ave Maria +Sang they, and fell on their knees, and their souls, with devotion translated, 485 +Rose on the ardor of prayer, like Elijah ascending to heaven. + + Meanwhile had spread in the village the tidings of ill, and on all sides +Wandered, wailing, from house to house the women and children. +Long at her father's door Evangeline stood, with her right hand +Shielding her eyes from the level rays of the sun, that, descending, 490 +Lighted the village street with mysterious splendor, and roofed each +Peasant's cottage with golden thatch, and emblazoned its windows. +Long within had been spread the snow-white cloth on the table; +There stood the wheaten loaf, and the honey fragrant with wild flowers; +There stood the tankard of ale, and the cheese fresh brought from the dairy; 495 +And at the head of the board the great arm-chair of the farmer. +Thus did Evangeline wait at her father's door, as the sunset +Threw the long shadows of trees o'er the broad ambrosial meadows. +Ah! on her spirit within a deeper shadow had fallen, +And from the fields of her soul a fragrance celestial ascended,-- 500 +Charity, meekness, love, and hope, and forgiveness, and patience! +Then, all forgetful of self, she wandered into the village, +Cheering with looks and words the mournful hearts of the women, +As o'er the darkening fields with lingering steps they departed, +Urged by their household cares, and the weary feet of their children. 505 +Down sank the great red sun, and in golden, glimmering vapors +Veiled the light of his face, like the Prophet descending from Sinai. +Sweetly over the village the bell of the Angelus sounded. + + Meanwhile, amid the gloom, by the church Evangeline lingered. +All was silent within; and in vain at the door and the windows 510 +Stood she, and listened and looked, until, overcome by emotion +"Gabriel!" cried she aloud with tremulous voice; but no answer +Came from the graves of the dead, nor the gloomier grave of the living. +Slowly at length she returned to the tenantless house of her father. +Smouldered the fire on the hearth, on the board was the supper untasted. 515 +Empty and drear was each room, and haunted with phantoms of terror. +Sadly echoed her step on the stair and the floor of her chamber. +In the dead of the night she heard the disconsolate rain fall +Loud on the withered leaves of the sycamore-tree by the window. +Keenly the lightning flashed; and the voice of the echoing thunder 520 +Told her that God was in heaven and governed the world He created! +Then she remembered the tale she had heard of the justice of Heaven; +Soothed was her troubled soul, and she peacefully slumbered till morning. + + +SECTION V. + + + Four times the sun had risen and set; and now on the fifth day +Cheerily called the cock to the sleeping maids of the farm-house. 525 +Soon o'er the yellow fields, in silent and mournful procession, +Came from the neighboring hamlets and farms the Acadian women, +Driving in ponderous wains their household goods to the sea-shore, +Pausing and looking back to gaze once more on their dwellings, +Ere they were shut from sight by the winding road and the woodland. 530 +Close at their sides their children ran, and urged on the oxen, +While in their little hands they clasped some fragments of playthings. + + Thus to the Gaspereau's mouth they hurried; and there on the sea-beach +Piled in confusion lay the household goods of the peasants. +All day long between the shore and the ships did the boats ply; 535 +All day long the wains came laboring down from the village. +Late in the afternoon, when the sun was near to his setting, +Echoed far o'er the fields came the roll of drums from the churchyard. +Thither the women and children thronged. On a sudden the church-doors +Opened, and forth came the guard, and marching in gloomy procession 540 +Followed the long-imprisoned, but patient, Acadian farmers. +Even as pilgrims, who journey afar from their homes and their country, +Sing as they go, and in singing forget they are weary and wayworn, +So with songs on their lips the Acadian peasants descended +Down from the church to the shore, amid their wives and their daughters. 545 +Foremost the young men came; and raising together their voices, +Sang with tremulous lips a chant of the Catholic Missions:-- +"Sacred heart of the Saviour! O inexhaustible fountain! +Fill our hearts this day with strength and submission and patience!" +Then the old men, as they marched, and the women that stood by the wayside 550 +Joined in the sacred psalm, and the birds in the sunshine above them +Mingled their notes therewith, like voices of spirits departed. + + Half-way down to the shore Evangeline waited in silence, +Not overcome with grief, but strong in the hour of affliction,-- +Calmly and sadly she waited, until the procession approached her, 555 +And she beheld the face of Gabriel pale with emotion. +Tears then filled her eyes, and, eagerly running to meet him, +Clasped she his hands, and laid her head on his shoulder, and whispered,-- +"Gabriel! be of good cheer! for if we love one another +Nothing, in truth, can harm us, whatever mischances may happen!" 560 +Smiling she spake these words; then suddenly paused, for her father +Saw she, slowly advancing. Alas! how changed was his aspect! +Gone was the glow from his cheek, and the fire from his eye, and his footstep +Heavier seemed with the weight of the heavy heart in his bosom. +But with a smile and a sigh, she clasped his neck and embraced him, 565 +Speaking words of endearment where words of comfort availed not. +Thus to the Gasperau's mouth moved on that mournful procession. + + There disorder prevailed, and the tumult and stir of embarking. +Busily plied the freighted boats; and in the confusion +Wives were torn from their husbands, and mothers, too late, saw their children 570 +Left on the land, extending their arms, with wildest entreaties. +So unto separate ships were Basil and Gabriel carried, +While in despair on the shore Evangeline stood with her father. +Half the task was not done when the sun went down, and the twilight +Deepened and darkened around; and in haste the refluent ocean 575 +Fled away from the shore, and left the line of the sand-beach +Covered with waifs of the tide, with kelp and the slippery sea-weed. +Farther back in the midst of the household goods and the wagons, +Like to a gypsy camp, or a leaguer after a battle, +All escape cut off by the sea, and the sentinels near them, 580 +Lay encamped for the night the houseless Acadian farmers. +Back to its nethermost caves retreated the bellowing ocean, +Dragging adown the beach the rattling pebbles, and leaving +Inland and far up the shore the stranded boats of the sailors. +Then, as the night descended, the herds returned from their pastures, 585 +Sweet was the moist still air with the odor of milk from their udders +Lowing they waited, and long, at the well-known bars of the farm-yard,-- +Waited and looked in vain for the voice and the hand of the milkmaid. +Silence reigned in the streets; from the church no Angelus sounded, +Rose no smoke from the roofs, and gleamed no lights from the windows. 590 + + But on the shores meanwhile the evening fires had been kindled, +Built of the drift-wood thrown on the sands from wrecks in the tempest. +Round them shapes of gloom and sorrowful faces were gathered, +Voices of women were heard, and of men, and the crying of children. +Onward from fire to fire, as from hearth to hearth in his parish, 595 +Wandered the faithful priest, consoling and blessing and cheering, +Like unto shipwrecked Paul on Melita's desolate sea-shore. +Thus he approached the place where Evangeline sat with her father, +And in the flickering light beheld the face of the old man, +Haggard and hollow and wan, and without either thought or emotion, 600 +E'en as the face of a clock from which the hands have been taken. +Vainly Evangeline strove with words and caresses to cheer him, +Vainly offered him food; yet he moved not, he looked not, he spake not, +But, with a vacant stare, ever gazed at the flickering fire-light. +_Benedicite!_ murmured the priest, in tones of compassion. 605 +More he fain would have said, but his heart was full, and his accents +Faltered and paused on his lips, as the feet of a child on a threshold, +Hushed by the scene he beholds, and the awful presence of sorrow. +Silently, therefore, he laid his hand on the head of the maiden, +Raising his tearful eyes to the silent stars that above them 610 +Moved on their way, unperturbed by the wrongs and sorrows of mortals. +Then sat he down at her side, and they wept together in silence. + + Suddenly rose from the south a light, as in autumn the blood-red +Moon climbs the crystal walls of heaven, and o'er the horizon +Titan-like stretches its hundred hands upon mountain and meadow, 615 +Seizing the rocks and the rivers, and piling huge shadows together. +Broader and ever broader it gleamed on the roofs of the village, +Gleamed on the sky and the sea, and the ships that lay in the roadstead. +Columns of shining smoke uprose, and flashes of flame were +Thrust through their folds and withdrawn, like the quivering hands of a martyr. 620 +Then, as the wind seized the gleeds and the burning thatch, and, uplifting, +Whirled them aloft through the air, at once from a hundred house-tops +Started the sheeted smoke with flashes of flame intermingled. + + These things beheld in dismay the crowd on the shore and on shipboard. +Speechless at first they stood, then cried aloud in their anguish, 625 +"We shall behold no more our homes in the village of Grand-Pre!" +Loud on a sudden the cocks began to crow in the farmyards, +Thinking the day had dawned; and anon the lowing of cattle +Came on the evening breeze, by the barking of dogs interrupted. +Then rose a sound of dread, such as startles the sleeping encampments 630 +Far in the western prairies of forests that skirt the Nebraska, +When the wild horses affrighted sweep by with the speed of the whirlwind, +Or the loud bellowing herds of buffaloes rush to the river. +Such was the sound that arose on the night, as the herds and the horses +Broke through their folds and fences, and madly rushed o'er the meadows. 635 + + Overwhelmed with the sight, yet speechless, the priest and the maiden +Gazed on the scene of terror that reddened and widened before them; +And as they turned at length to speak to their silent companion, +Lo! from his seat he had fallen, and stretched abroad on the seashore +Motionless lay his form, from which the soul had departed. 640 +Slowly the priest uplifted the lifeless head, and the maiden +Knelt at her father's side, and wailed aloud in her terror. +Then in a swoon she sank and lay with her head on his bosom. +Through the long night she lay in deep, oblivious slumber; +And when she woke from the trance, she beheld a multitude near her. 645 +Faces of friends she beheld, that were mournfully gazing upon her, +Pallid, with tearful eyes, and looks of saddest compassion. +Still the blaze of the burning village illumined the landscape. +Reddened the sky overhead, and gleamed on the faces around her, +And like the day of doom it seemed to her wavering senses. 650 +Then a familiar voice she heard, as it said to the people,-- +"Let us bury him here by the sea. When a happier season +Brings us again to our homes from the unknown land of our exile, +Then shall his sacred dust be piously laid in the churchyard." +Such were the words of the priest. And there in haste by the sea-side, 655 +Having the glare of the burning village for funeral torches, +But without bell or book, they buried the farmer of Grand-Pre. +And as the voice of the priest repeated the service of sorrow, +Lo! with a mournful sound like the voice of a vast congregation, +Solemnly answered the sea, and mingled its roar with the dirges. 660 +'T was the returning tide, that afar from the waste of the ocean, +With the first dawn of the day, came heaving and hurrying landward. +Then recommenced once more the stir and noise of embarking; +And with the ebb of the tide the ships sailed out of the harbor, +Leaving behind them the dead on the shore, and the village in ruins. 665 + + + + +PART THE SECOND. + + +SECTION I. + + Many a weary year had passed since the burning of Grand-Pre. +When on the falling tide the freighted vessels departed, +Bearing a nation, with all its household Gods, into exile, +Exile without an end, and without an example in story. +Far asunder, on separate coasts, the Acadians landed; 670 +Scattered were they, like flakes of snow, when the wind from the northeast +Strikes aslant through the fogs that darken the Banks of Newfoundland. +Friendless, homeless, hopeless, they wandered from city to city, +From the cold lakes of the North to sultry Southern savannas-- +From the bleak shores of the sea to the lands where the Father of Waters 675 +Seizes the hills in his hands, and drags them down to the ocean, +Deep in their sands to bury the scattered bones of the mammoth. +Friends they sought and homes; and many, despairing, heart-broken, +Asked of the earth but a grave, and no longer a friend nor a fireside. +Written their history stands on tablets of stone in the churchyards. 680 +Long among them was seen a maiden who waited and wandered, +Lowly and meek in spirit, and patiently suffering all things. +Fair was she and young; but, alas! before her extended, +Dreary and vast and silent, the desert of life, with its pathway +Marked by the graves of those who had sorrowed and suffered before her, 685 +Passions long extinguished, and hopes long dead and abandoned, +As the emigrant's way o'er the Western desert is marked by +Camp-fires long consumed, and bones that bleach in the sunshine. +Something there was in her life incomplete, imperfect, unfinished; +As if a morning of June, with all its music and sunshine, 690 +Suddenly paused in the sky, and fading, slowly descended +Into the east again, from whence it late had arisen. +Sometimes she lingered in towns, till, urged by the fever within her, +Urged by a restless longing, the hunger and thirst of the spirit, +She would commence again her endless search and endeavor; 695 +Sometimes in churchyards strayed, and gazed on the crosses and tombstones, +Sat by some nameless grave, and thought that perhaps in its bosom, +He was already at rest, and she longed to slumber beside him. +Sometimes a rumor, a hearsay, an inarticulate whisper, +Came with its airy hand to point and beckon her forward. 700 +Sometimes she spake with those who had seen her beloved and known him, +But it was long ago, in some far-off place or forgotten. +"Gabriel Lajeunesse!" they said; "Oh, yes! we have seen him. +He was with Basil the blacksmith, and both have gone to the prairies; +Coureurs-des-bois are they, and famous hunters and trappers." 705 +"Gabriel Lajeunesse!" said others; "Oh, yes! we have seen him. +He is a voyageur in the lowlands of Louisiana." +Then would they say, "Dear child! why dream and wait for him longer? +Are there not other youths as fair as Gabriel? Others +Who have hearts as tender and true, and spirits as loyal? 710 +Here is Baptiste Leblanc, the notary's son, who has loved thee +Many a tedious year; come, give him thy hand and be happy! +Thou art too fair to be left to braid St. Catherine's tresses." +Then would Evangeline answer, serenely but sadly, "I cannot! +Whither my heart has gone, there follows my hand, and not elsewhere. 715 +For when the heart goes before, like a lamp, and illumines the pathway, +Many things are made clear, that else lie hidden in darkness." +Thereupon the priest, her friend and father-confessor, +Said, with a smile, "O daughter! thy God thus speaketh within thee! +Talk not of wasted affection, affection never was wasted; 720 +If it enrich not the heart of another, its waters, returning +Back to their springs, like the rain, shall fill them full of refreshment; +That which the fountain sends forth returns again to the fountain. +Patience; accomplish thy labor; accomplish thy work of affection! +Sorrow and silence are strong, and patient endurance is godlike. 725 +Therefore accomplish thy labor of love, till the heart is made godlike, +Purified, strengthened, perfected, and rendered more worthy of heaven!" +Cheered by the good man's words, Evangeline labored and waited. +Still in her heart she heard the funeral dirge of the ocean, +But with its sound there was mingled a voice that whispered, "Despair not!" 730 +Thus did that poor soul wander in want and cheerless discomfort, +Bleeding, barefooted, over the shards and thorns of existence. +Let me essay, O Muse! to follow the wanderer's footsteps;-- +Not through each devious path, each changeful year of existence; +But as a traveler follows a streamlet's course through the valley: 735 +Far from its margin at times, and seeing the gleam of its water +Here and there, in some open space, and at intervals only; +Then drawing nearer its banks, through sylvan glooms that conceal it, +Though he behold it not, he can hear its continuous murmur; +Happy, at length, if he find a spot where it reaches an outlet. 740 + + +SECTION II. + + It was the month of May. Far down the Beautiful River, +Past the Ohio shore and past the mouth of the Wabash, +Into the golden stream of the broad and swift Mississippi, +Floated a cumbrous boat, that was rowed by Acadian boatmen. +It was a band of exiles: a raft, as it were, from the shipwrecked 745 +Nation, scattered along the coast, now floating together, +Bound by the bonds of a common belief and a common misfortune; +Men and women and children, who, guided by hope or by hearsay, +Sought for their kith and their kin among the few-acred farmers +On the Acadian coast, and the prairies of fair Opelousas. 750 +With them Evangeline went, and her guide, the Father Felician. +Onward o'er sunken sands, through a wilderness sombre with forests, +Day after day they glided adown the turbulent river; +Night after night, by their blazing fires, encamped on its borders. +Now through rushing chutes, among green islands, where plumelike 755 +Cotton-trees nodded their shadowy crests, they swept with the current, +Then emerged into broad lagoons, where silvery sand-bars +Lay in the stream, and along the wimpling waves of their margin, +Shining with snow-white plumes, large flocks of pelicans waded. +Level the landscape grew, and along the shores of the river, 760 +Shaded by china-trees, in the midst of luxuriant gardens, +Stood the houses of planters, with negro cabins and dove-cots. +They were approaching the region where reigns perpetual summer, +Where through the Golden Coast, and groves of orange and citron, +Sweeps with majestic curve the river away to the eastward. 765 +They, too, swerved from their course; and, entering the Bayou of Plaquemine, +Soon were lost in a maze of sluggish and devious waters, +Which, like a network of steel, extended in every direction. +Over their heads the towering and tenebrous boughs of the cypress +Met in a dusky arch, and trailing mosses in mid-air 770 +Waved like banners that hang on the walls of ancient cathedrals. +Deathlike the silence seemed, and unbroken, save by the herons +Home to their roosts in the cedar-trees returning at sunset, +Or by the owl, as he greeted the moon with demoniac laughter. +Lovely the moonlight was as it glanced and gleamed on the water, 775 +Gleamed on the columns of cypress and cedar sustaining the arches, +Down through whose broken vaults it fell as through chinks in a ruin. +Dreamlike, and indistinct, and strange were all things around them; +And o'er their spirits there came a feeling of wonder and sadness,-- +Strange forebodings of ill, unseen and that cannot be compassed. 780 +As, at the tramp of a horse's hoof on the turf of the prairies, +Far in advance are closed the leaves of the shrinking mimosa, +So, at the hoof-beats of fate, with sad forebodings of evil, +Shrinks and closes the heart, ere the stroke of doom has attained it. +But Evangeline's heart was sustained by a vision, that faintly 785 +Floated before her eyes, and beckoned her on through the moonlight. +It was the thought of her brain that assumed the shape of a phantom. +Through those shadowy aisles had Gabriel wandered before her, +And every stroke of the oar now brought him nearer and nearer. + + Then, in his place, at the prow of the boat, rose one of the oarsmen, 790 +And, as a signal sound, if others like them peradventure +Sailed on those gloomy and midnight streams, blew a blast on his bugle. +Wild through the dark colonnades and corridors leafy the blast rang, +Breaking the seal of silence and giving tongues to the forest. +Soundless above them the banners of moss just stirred to the music. 795 +Multitudinous echoes awoke and died in the distance, +Over the watery floor, and beneath the reverberant branches; +But not a voice replied; no answer came from the darkness; +And when the echoes had ceased, like a sense of pain was the silence. +Then Evangeline slept; but the boatmen rowed through the midnight, 800 +Silent at times, then singing familiar Canadian boat-songs, +Such as they sang of old on their own Acadian rivers. +While through the night were heard the mysterious sounds of the desert, +Far off,--indistinct,--as of wave or wind in the forest, +Mixed with the whoop of the crane and the roar of the grim alligator. 805 + + Thus ere another noon they emerged from the shades; and before them +Lay, in the golden sun, the lakes of the Atchafalaya. +Water-lilies in myriads rocked on the slight undulations +Made by the passing oars, and, resplendent in beauty, the lotus +Lifted her golden crown above the heads of the boatmen. 810 +Faint was the air with the odorous breath of magnolia blossoms, +And with the heat of noon; and numberless sylvan islands, +Fragrant and thickly embowered with blossoming hedges of roses, +Near to whose shores they glided along, invited to slumber. +Soon by the fairest of these their weary oars were suspended. 815 +Under the boughs of Wachita willows, that grew by the margin, +Safely their boat was moored; and scattered about on the greensward, +Tired with their midnight toil, the weary travellers slumbered. +Over them vast and high extended the cope of a cedar. +Swinging from its great arms, the trumpet-flower and the grapevine 820 +Hung their ladder of ropes aloft like the ladder of Jacob, +On whose pendulous stairs the angels ascending, descending, +Were the swift humming-birds, that flitted from blossom to blossom. +Such was the vision Evangeline saw as she slumbered beneath it. +Filled was her heart with love, and the dawn of an opening heaven 825 +Lighted her soul in sleep with the glory of regions celestial. + + Nearer, ever nearer, among the numberless islands, +Darted a light, swift boat, that sped away o'er the water, +Urged on its course by the sinewy arms of hunters and trappers. +Northward its prow was turned, to the land of the bison and beaver. 830 +At the helm sat a youth, with countenance thoughtful and careworn. +Dark and neglected locks overshadowed his brow, and a sadness +Somewhat beyond his years on his face was legibly written. +Gabriel was it, who, weary with waiting, unhappy and restless, +Sought in the Western wilds oblivion of self and of sorrow. 835 +Swiftly they glided along, close under the lee of the island, +But by the opposite bank, and behind a screen of palmettos; +So that they saw not the boat, where it lay concealed in the willows; +All undisturbed by the dash of their oars, and unseen, were the sleepers; +Angel of God was there none to awaken the slumbering maiden. 840 +Swiftly they glided away, like the shade of a cloud on the prairie. +After the sound of their oars on the tholes had died in the distance, +As from a magic trance the sleepers awoke, and the maiden +Said with a sigh to the friendly priest, "O Father Felician! +Something says in my heart that near me Gabriel wanders. 845 +Is it a foolish dream, an idle and vague superstition? +Or has an angel passed, and revealed the truth to my spirit?" +Then, with a blush, she added, "Alas for my credulous fancy! +Unto ears like thine such words as these have no meaning." +But made answer the reverend man, and he smiled as he answered,-- 850 +"Daughter, thy words are not idle; nor are they to me without meaning, +Feeling is deep and still; and the word that floats on the surface +Is as the tossing buoy, that betrays where the anchor is hidden. +Therefore trust to thy heart, and to what the world calls illusions. +Gabriel truly is near thee; for not far away to the southward, 855 +On the banks of the Teche, are the towns of St. Maur and St. Martin. +There the long-wandering bride shall be given again to her bridegroom, +There the long-absent pastor regain his flock and his sheepfold. +Beautiful is the land, with its prairies and forests of fruit-trees; +Under the feet a garden of flowers, and the bluest of heavens 860 +Bending above, and resting its dome on the walls of the forest. +They who dwell there have named it the Eden of Louisiana." + + With these words of cheer they arose and continued their journey. +Softly the evening came. The sun from the western horizon +Like a magician extended his golden wand o'er the landscape; 865 +Twinkling vapors arose; and sky and water and forest +Seemed all on fire at the touch, and melted and mingled together. +Hanging between two skies, a cloud with edges of silver, +Floated the boat, with its dripping oars, on the motionless water. +Filled was Evangeline's heart with inexpressible sweetness. 870 +Touched by the magic spell, the sacred fountains of feeling +Glowed with the light of love, as the skies and waters around her. +Then from a neighboring thicket the mocking-bird, wildest of singers, +Swinging aloft on a willow spray that hung o'er the water, +Shook from his little throat such floods of delirious music 875 +That the whole air and the woods and the waves seemed silent to listen. +Plaintive at first were the tones, and sad; then soaring to madness +Seemed they to follow or guide the revel of frenzied Bacchantes. +Single notes were then heard, in sorrowful, low, lamentation; +Till, having gathered them all, he flung them abroad in derision, 880 +As when, after a storm, a gust of wind through the tree-tops +Shakes down the rattling rain in a crystal shower on the branches. +With such a prelude as this, and hearts that throbbed with emotion, +Slowly they entered the Teche, where it flows through the green Opelousas, +And, through the amber air, above the crest of the woodland, 885 +Saw the column of smoke that arose from a neighboring dwelling;-- +Sounds of a horn they heard, and the distant lowing of cattle. + + +SECTION III. + + + Near to the bank of the river, o'ershadowed by oaks from whose branches +Garlands of Spanish moss and of mystic mistletoe flaunted, +Such as the Druids cut down with golden hatchets at Yule-tide, 890 +Stood, secluded and still, the house of the herdsman. A garden +Girded it round about with a belt of luxuriant blossoms, +Filling the air with fragrance. The house itself was of timbers +Hewn from the cypress-tree, and carefully fitted together. +Large and low was the roof; and on slender columns supported, 895 +Rose-wreathed, vine-encircled, a broad and spacious veranda, +Haunt of the humming-bird and the bee, extended around it. +At each end of the house, amid the flowers of the garden, +Stationed the dove-cots were, as love's perpetual symbol, +Scenes of endless wooing, and endless contentions of rivals. 900 +Silence reigned o'er the place. The line of shadow and sunshine +Ran near the tops of the trees; but the house itself was in shadow, +And from its chimney-top, ascending and slowly expanding +Into the evening air, a thin blue column of smoke rose. +In the rear of the house, from the garden gate, ran a pathway 905 +Through the great groves of oak to the skirts of the limitless prairie, +Into whose sea of flowers the sun was slowly descending. +Full in his track of light, like ships with shadowy canvas +Hanging loose from their spars in a motionless calm in the tropics, +Stood a cluster of trees, with tangled cordage of grapevines. 910 + + Just where the woodlands met the flowery surf of the prairie, +Mounted upon his horse, with Spanish saddle and stirrups, +Sat a herdsman, arrayed in gaiters and doublet of deerskin. +Broad and brown was the face that from under the Spanish sombrero +Gazed on the peaceful scene, with the lordly look of its master. 915 +Round about him were numberless herds of kine that were grazing +Quietly in the meadows, and breathing the vapory freshness +That uprose from the river, and spread itself over the landscape. +Slowly lifting the horn that hung at his side, and expanding +Fully his broad, deep chest, he blew a blast, that resounded 920 +Wildly and sweet and far, through the still damp air of the evening. +Suddenly out of the grass the long white horns of the cattle +Rose like flakes of foam on the adverse currents of ocean. +Silent a moment they gazed, then bellowing rushed o'er the prairie, +And the whole mass became a cloud, a shade in the distance. 925 +Then, as the herdsman turned to the house, through the gate of the garden +Saw he the forms of the priest and the maiden advancing to meet him. +Suddenly down from his horse he sprang in amazement, and forward +Pushed with extended arms and exclamations of wonder; +When they beheld his face, they recognized Basil the blacksmith. 930 +Hearty his welcome was, as he led his guests to the garden. +There in an arbor of roses with endless question and answer +Gave they vent to their hearts, and renewed their friendly embraces, +Laughing and weeping by turns, or sitting silent and thoughtful. +Thoughtful, for Gabriel came not; and now dark doubts and misgivings 935 +Stole o'er the maiden's heart; and Basil, somewhat embarrassed, +Broke the silence and said, "If you came by the Atchafalaya, +How have you nowhere encountered my Gabriel's boat on the bayous?" +Over Evangeline's face at the words of Basil a shade passed. +Tears came into her eyes, and she said, with a tremulous accent, 940 +"Gone? is Gabriel gone?" and, concealing her face on his shoulder, +All her o'erburdened heart gave way, and she wept and lamented. +Then the good Basil said,--and his voice grew blithe as he said it,-- +"Be of good cheer, my child; it is only today he departed. +Foolish boy! he has left me alone with my herds and my horses. 945 +Moody and restless grown, and tried and troubled, his spirit +Could no longer endure the calm of this quiet existence. +Thinking ever of thee, uncertain and sorrowful ever, +Ever silent, or speaking only of thee and his troubles, +He at length had become so tedious to men and to maidens, 950 +Tedious even to me, that at length I bethought me, and sent him +Unto the town of Adayes to trade for mules with the Spaniards. +Thence he will follow the Indian trails to the Ozark Mountains, +Hunting for furs in the forests, on rivers trapping the beaver. +Therefore be of good cheer; we will follow the fugitive lover; 955 +He is not far on his way, and the Fates and the streams are against him. +Up and away tomorrow, and through the red dew of the morning, +We will follow him fast, and bring him back to his prison." + + Then glad voices were heard, and up from the banks of the river, +Borne aloft on his comrades' arms, came Michael the fiddler. 960 +Long under Basil's roof had he lived, like a god on Olympus, +Having no other care than dispensing music to mortals. +Far renowned was he for his silver locks and his fiddle. +"Long live Michael," they cried, "our brave Acadian minstrel!" +As they bore him aloft in triumphal procession; and straightway 965 +Father Felician advanced with Evangeline, greeting the old man +Kindly and oft, and recalling the past, while Basil, enraptured, +Hailed with hilarious joy his old companions and gossips, +Laughing loud and long, and embracing mothers and daughters. +Much they marvelled to see the wealth of the ci-devant blacksmith, 970 +All his domains and his herds, and his patriarchal demeanor; +Much they marvelled to hear his tales of the soil and the climate, +And of the prairies, whose numberless herds were his who would take them; +Each one thought in his heart, that he, too, would go and do likewise. +Thus they ascended the steps, and, crossing the breezy veranda, 975 +Entered the hall of the house, where already the supper of Basil +Waited his late return; and they rested and feasted together. + + Over the joyous feast the sudden darkness descended. +All was silent without, and, illuming the landscape with silver, +Fair rose the dewy moon and the myriad stars; but within doors, 980 +Brighter than these, shone the faces of friends in the glimmering lamplight. +Then from his station aloft, at the head of the table, the herdsman +Poured forth his heart and his wine together in endless profusion. +Lighting his pipe, that was filled with sweet Natchitoches tobacco, +Thus he spake to his guests, who listened, and smiled as they listened:-- 985 +"Welcome once more, my friends, who long have been friendless and homeless, +Welcome once more to a home, that is better perchance than the old one! +Here no hungry winter congeals our blood like the rivers; +Here no stony ground provokes the wrath of the farmer; +Smoothly the plowshare runs through the soil, as a keel through the water. 990 +All the year round the orange-groves are in blossom; and grass grows +More in a single night than a whole Canadian summer. +Here, too, numberless herds run wild and unclaimed in the prairies; +Here, too, lands may be had for the asking, and forests of timber +With a few blows of the axe are hewn and framed into houses. 995 +After your houses are built, and your fields are yellow with harvests, +No King George of England shall drive you away from your homesteads, +Burning your dwellings and barns, and stealing your farms and your cattle." +Speaking these words, he blew a wrathful cloud from his nostrils, +While his huge, brown hand came thundering down on the table, 1000 +So that the guests all started; and Father Felician, astounded, +Suddenly paused, with a pinch of snuff half-way to his nostrils. +But the brave Basil resumed, and his words were milder and gayer:-- +"Only beware of the fever, my friends, beware of the fever! +For it is not like that of our cold Acadian climate, 1005 +Cured by wearing a spider hung round one's neck in a nutshell!" +Then there were voices heard at the door, and footsteps approaching +Sounded upon the stairs and the floor of the breezy veranda. +It was the neighboring Creoles and small Acadian planters, +Who had been summoned all to the house of Basil the herdsman. 1010 +Merry the meeting was of ancient comrades and neighbors: +Friend clasped friend in his arms; and they who before were as strangers, +Meeting in exile, became straightway as friends to each other, +Drawn by the gentle bond of a common country together. +But in the neighboring hall a strain of music, proceeding 1015 +From the accordant strings of Michael's melodious fiddle, +Broke up all further speech. Away, like children delighted, +All things forgotten beside, they gave themselves to the maddening +Whirl of the dizzy dance as it swept and swayed to the music, +Dreamlike, with beaming eyes and the rush of fluttering garments. 1020 + + Meanwhile, apart, at the head of the hall, the priest and the herdsman +Sat, conversing together of past and present and future; +While Evangeline stood like one entranced, for within her +Olden memories rose, and loud in the midst of the music +Heard she the sound of the sea, and an irrepressible sadness 1025 +Came o'er her heart, and unseen she stole forth into the garden. +Beautiful was the night. Behind the black wall of the forest, +Tipping its summit with silver, arose the moon. On the river +Fell here and there through the branches a tremulous gleam of the moonlight, +Like the sweet thoughts of love on a darkened and devious spirit. 1030 +Nearer and round about her, the manifold flowers of the garden +Poured out their souls in odors, that were their prayers and confessions +Unto the night, as it went its way, like a silent Carthusian. +Fuller of fragrance than they, and as heavy with shadows and night-dews, +Hung the heart of the maiden. The calm and the magical moonlight 1035 +Seemed to inundate her soul with indefinable longings, +As, through the garden gate, and beneath the shade of the oak-trees, +Passed she along the path to the edge of the measureless prairie. +Silent it lay, with a silvery haze upon it, and fire-flies +Gleaming and floating away in mingled and infinite numbers. 1040 +Over her head the stars, the thoughts of God in the heavens, +Shone on the eyes of man, who had ceased to marvel and worship, +Save when a blazing comet was seen on the walls of that temple, +As if a hand had appeared and written upon them, "Upharsin." +And the soul of the maiden, between the stars and the fire-flies, 1045 +Wandered alone, and she cried, "O Gabriel! O my beloved! +Art thou so near unto me, and yet I cannot behold thee? +Art thou so near unto me, and yet thy voice does not reach me? +Ah! how often thy feet have trod this path to the prairie! +Ah! how often thine eyes have looked on the woodlands around me! 1050 +Ah! how often beneath this oak, returning from labor, +Thou hast lain down to rest, and to dream of me in thy slumbers! +When shall these eyes behold, these arms be folded about thee?" +Loud and sudden and near the note of a whippoorwill sounded +Like a flute in the woods; and anon, through the neighboring thickets, 1055 +Farther and farther away it floated and dropped into silence. +"Patience!" whispered the oaks from oracular caverns of darkness; +And, from the moonlit meadow, a sigh responded, "To-morrow!" + + Bright rose the sun next day; and all the flowers of the garden +Bathed his shining feet with their tears, and anointed his tresses 1060 +With the delicious balm that they bore in their vases of crystal. +"Farewell!" said the priest, as he stood at the shadowy threshold; +"See that you bring us the Prodigal Son from his fasting and famine, +And, too, the Foolish Virgin, who slept when the bridegroom was coming." +"Farewell!" answered the maiden, and, smiling, with Basil descended 1065 +Down to the river's brink, where the boatmen already were waiting. +Thus beginning their journey with morning, and sunshine, and gladness, +Swiftly they followed the flight of him who was speeding before them, +Blown by the blast of fate like a dead leaf over the desert. +Not that day, nor the next, nor yet the day that succeeded, 1070 +Found they trace of his course, in lake or forest or river, +Nor, after many days, had they found him; but vague and uncertain +Rumors alone were their guides through a wild and desolate country; +Till, at the little inn of the Spanish town of Adayes, +Weary and worn, they alighted, and learned from the garrulous landlord 1075 +That on the day before, with horses and guides and companions, +Gabriel left the village, and took the road of the prairies. + + +SECTION IV + + + Far in the West there lies a desert land, where the mountains +Lift, through perpetual snows, their lofty and luminous summits. +Down from their jagged, deep ravines, where the gorge, like a gateway, 1080 +Opens a passage rude to the wheels of the emigrant's wagon, +Westward the Oregon flows and the Walleway and Owyhee. +Eastward, with devious course, among the Wind-river Mountains, +Through the Sweet-water Valley precipitate leaps the Nebraska; +And to the south, from Fontaine-quibout and the Spanish sierras, 1085 +Fretted with sands and rocks, and swept by the wind of the desert, +Numberless torrents, with ceaseless sound, descend to the ocean, +Like the great chords of a harp, in loud and solemn vibrations. +Spreading between these streams are the wondrous, beautiful prairies, +Billowy bays of grass ever rolling in shadow and sunshine, 1090 +Bright with luxuriant clusters of roses and purple amorphas. +Over them wandered the buffalo herds, and the elk, and the roebuck; +Over them wandered the wolves, and herds of riderless horses; +Fires that blast and blight, and winds that are weary with travel; +Over them wander the scattered tribes of Ishmael's children, 1095 +Staining the desert with blood; and above their terrible war-trails +Circles and sails aloft, on pinions majestic, the vulture, +Like the implacable soul of a chieftain slaughtered in battle, +By invisible stairs ascending and scaling the heavens. +Here and there rise smokes from the camps of these savage marauders; 1100 +Here and there rise groves from the margins of swift-running rivers; +And the grim, taciturn bear, the anchorite monk of the desert, +Climbs down their dark ravines to dig for roots by the brook-side, +And over all is the sky, the clear and crystalline heaven, +Like the protecting hand of God inverted above them. 1105 + + Into this wonderful land, at the base of the Ozark Mountains, +Gabriel far had entered, with hunters and trappers behind him. +Day after day, with their Indian guides, the maiden and Basil +Followed his flying steps, and thought each day to o'ertake him. +Sometimes they saw, or thought they saw, the smoke of his camp-fire 1110 +Rise in the morning air from the distant plain; but at nightfall, +When they had reached the place, they found only embers and ashes. +And, though their hearts were sad at times and their bodies were weary, +Hope still guided them on, as the magic Fata Morgana +Showed them her lakes of light, that retreated and vanished before them. 1115 + + Once, as they sat by their evening fire, there silently entered +Into the little camp an Indian woman, whose features +Wore deep traces of sorrow, and patience as great as her sorrow. +She was a Shawnee woman returning home to her people, +From the far-off hunting-grounds of the cruel Camanches, 1120 +Where her Canadian husband, a coureur-des-bois, had been murdered. +Touched were their hearts at her story, and warmest and friendliest welcome +Gave they, the words of cheer, and she sat and feasted among them +On the buffalo-meat and the venison cooked on the embers. +But when their meal was done, and Basil and all his companions, 1125 +Worn with the long day's march and the chase of the deer and the bison, +Stretched themselves on the ground, and slept where the quivering fire-light +Flashed on their swarthy cheeks, and their forms wrapped up in their blankets, +Then at the door of Evangeline's tent she sat and repeated +Slowly, with soft, low voice, and the charm of her Indian accent, 1130 +All the tale of her love, with its pleasures, and pains, and reverses. +Much Evangeline wept at the tale, and to know that another +Hapless heart like her own had loved and had been disappointed. +Moved to the depths of her soul by pity and woman's compassion, +Yet in her sorrow pleased that one who had suffered was near her, 1135 +She in turn related her love and all its disasters. +Mute with wonder the Shawnee sat, and when she had ended +Still was mute; but at length, as if a mysterious horror +Passed through her brain, she spake, and repeated the tale of the Mowis; +Mowis, the bridegroom of snow, who won and wedded a maiden. 1140 +But, when the morning came, arose and passed from the wigwam, +Fading and melting away and dissolving into the sunshine, +Till she beheld him no more, though she followed far into the forest. +Then, in those sweet, low tones, that seemed like a weird incantation, +Told she the tale of the fair Lilinau, who was wooed by a phantom, 1145 +That, through the pines o'er her father's lodge, in the hush of the twilight, +Breathed like the evening wind, and whispered love to the maiden, +Till she followed his green and waving plume through the forest, +And nevermore returned, nor was seen again by her people. +Silent with wonder and strange surprise, Evangeline listened 1150 +To the soft flow of her magical words, till the region around her +Seemed like enchanted ground, and her swarthy guest the enchantress. +Slowly over the tops of the Ozark Mountains the moon rose, +Lighting the little tent, and with a mysterious splendor +Touching the sombre leaves, and embracing and filling the woodland. 1155 +With a delicious sound the brook rushed by, and the branches +Swayed and sighed overhead in scarcely audible whispers. +Filled with the thoughts of love was Evangeline's heart, but a secret, +Subtile sense crept in of pain and indefinite terror, +As the cold, poisonous snake creeps into the nest of the swallow. 1160 +It was no earthly fear. A breath from the region of spirits +Seemed to float in the air of night; and she felt for a moment +That, like the Indian maid, she, too, was pursuing a phantom. +With this thought she slept, and the fear and the phantom had vanished. +Early upon the morrow the march was resumed, and the Shawnee 1165 +Said, as they journeyed along,--"On the western slope of these mountains +Dwells in his little village the Black Robe chief of the Mission. +Much he teaches the people, and tells them of Mary and Jesus; +Loud laugh their hearts with joy, and weep with pain, as they hear him." +Then, with a sudden and secret emotion, Evangeline answered, 1170 +"Let us go to the Mission, for there good tidings await us!" +Thither they turned their steeds; and behind a spur of the mountains, +Just as the sun went down, they heard a murmur of voices, +And in a meadow green and broad, by the bank of a river, +Saw the tents of the Christians, the tents of the Jesuit Mission. 1175 +Under a towering oak, that stood in the midst of the village, +Knelt the Black Robe chief with his children. A crucifix fastened +High on the trunk of the tree, and overshadowed by grapevines, +Looked with its agonized face on the multitude kneeling beneath it. +This was their rural chapel. Aloft, through the intricate arches 1180 +Of its aerial roof, arose the chant of their vespers, +Mingling its notes with the soft susurrus and sighs of the branches. +Silent, with heads uncovered, the travellers, nearer approaching, +Knelt on the swarded floor, and joined in the evening devotions. +But when the service was done, and the benediction had fallen 1185 +Forth from the hands of the priest, like seed from the hands of the sower, +Slowly the reverend man advanced to the strangers, and bade them +Welcome; and when they replied, he smiled with benignant expression, +Hearing the homelike sounds of his mother-tongue in the forest, +And with words of kindness conducted them into his wigwam. 1190 +There upon mats and skins they reposed, and on cakes of the maize-ear +Feasted, and slaked their thirst from the water-gourd of the teacher. +Soon was their story told; and the priest with solemnity answered:-- +"Not six suns have risen and set since Gabriel, seated +On this mat by my side, where now the maiden reposes, 1195 +Told me the same sad tale; then arose and continued his journey!" +Soft was the voice of the priest, and he spake with an accent of kindness; +But on Evangeline's heart fell his words as in winter the snow-flakes +Fall into some lone nest from which the birds have departed. +"Far to the north he has gone," continued the priest; "but in autumn, 1200 +When the chase is done, will return again to the Mission." +Then Evangeline said, and her voice was meek and submissive, +"Let me remain with thee, for my soul is sad and afflicted." +So seemed it wise and well unto all; and betimes on the morrow, +Mounting his Mexican steed, with his Indian guides and companions, 1205 +Homeward Basil returned, and Evangeline stayed at the Mission. + + Slowly, slowly, slowly the days succeeded each other,-- +Days and weeks and months; and the fields of maize that were springing +Green from the ground when a stranger she came, now waving about her, +Lifted their slender shafts, with leaves interlacing, and forming 1210 +Cloisters for mendicant crows and granaries pillaged by squirrels. +Then in the golden weather the maize was husked, and the maidens +Blushed at each blood-red ear, for that betokened a lover, +But at the crooked laughed, and called it a thief in the corn-field. +Even the blood-red ear to Evangeline brought not her lover. 1215 +"Patience!" the priest would say; "have faith, and thy prayer will be answered! +Look at this vigorous plant that lifts its head from the meadow, +See how its leaves are turned to the north, as true as the magnet; +This is the compass-flower, that the finger of God has planted +Here in the houseless wild, to direct the traveller's journey 1220 +Over the sea-like, pathless, limitless waste of the desert. +Such in the soul of man is faith. The blossoms of passion, +Gay and luxuriant flowers, are brighter and fuller of fragrance, +But they beguile us, and lead us astray, and their odor is deadly. +Only this humble plant can guide us here, and hereafter 1225 +Crown us with asphodel flowers, that are wet with the dews of nepenthe." + + So came the autumn, and passed, and the winter--yet Gabriel came not; +Blossomed the opening spring, and the notes of the robin and bluebird +Sounded sweet upon wold and in wood, yet Gabriel came not. +But on the breath of the summer winds a rumor was wafted 1230 +Sweeter than the song of bird, or hue or odor of blossom. +Far to the north and east, it is said, in the Michigan forests, +Gabriel had his lodge by the banks of the Saginaw River. +And, with returning guides, that sought the lakes of St. Lawrence, +Saying a sad farewell, Evangeline went from the Mission. 1235 +When over weary ways, by long and perilous marches, +She had attained at length the depths of the Michigan forests, +Found she the hunter's lodge deserted and fallen to ruin! + + Thus did the long sad years glide on, and in seasons and places +Divers and distant far was seen the wandering maiden;-- 1240 +Now in the Tents of Grace of the meek Moravian Missions, +Now in the noisy camps and the battle-fields of the army, +Now in secluded hamlets, in towns and populous cities. +Like a phantom she came, and passed away unremembered. +Fair was she and young, when in hope began the long journey; 1245 +Faded was she and old, when in disappointment it ended. +Each succeeding year stole something away from her beauty, +Leaving behind it, broader and deeper, the gloom and the shadow. +Then there appeared and spread faint streaks of gray o'er her forehead, +Dawn of another life, that broke o'er her earthly horizon, 1250 +As in the eastern sky the first faint streaks of the morning. + + +SECTION V. + + +In that delightful land which is washed by the Delaware's waters, +Guarding in sylvan shades the name of Penn the apostle, +Stands on the banks of its beautiful stream the city he founded. +There all the air is balm, and the peach is the emblem of beauty. 1255 +And the streets still re-echo the names of the trees of the forest, +As if they fain would appease the Dryads whose haunts they molested. +There from the troubled sea had Evangeline landed, an exile, +Finding among the children of Penn a home and a country. +There old Rene Leblanc had died; and when he departed, 1260 +Saw at his side only one of all his hundred descendants. +Something at least there was in the friendly streets of the city, +Something that spake to her heart, and made her no longer a stranger; +And her ear was pleased with the Thee and Thou of the Quakers, +For it recalled the past, the old Acadian country, 1265 +Where all men were equal, and all were brothers and sisters. +So, when the fruitless search, the disappointed endeavor, +Ended, to recommence no more upon earth, uncomplainingly, +Thither, as leaves to the light, were turned her thoughts and her footsteps. +As from a mountain's top the rainy mists of the morning 1270 +Roll away, and afar we behold the landscape below us, +Sun-illumined, with shining rivers and cities and hamlets, +So fell the mists from her mind, and she saw the world far below her, +Dark no longer, but all illumined with love; and the pathway +Which she had climbed so far, lying smooth and fair in the distance. 1275 +Gabriel was not forgotten. Within her heart was his image, +Clothed in the beauty of love and youth, as last she beheld him, +Only more beautiful made by his deathlike silence and absence. +Into her thoughts of him time entered not, for it was not. +Over him years had no power; he was not changed, but transfigured; 1280 +He had become to her heart as one who is dead, and not absent; +Patience and abnegation of self, and devotion to others, +This was the lesson a life of trial and sorrow had taught her. +So was her love diffused, but, like to some odorous spices, +Suffered no waste nor loss, though filling the air with aroma. 1285 +Other hope had she none, nor wish in life, but to follow, +Meekly with reverent steps, the sacred feet of her Saviour. +Thus many years she lived as a Sister of Mercy; frequenting +Lonely and wretched roofs in the crowded lanes of the city, +Where distress and want concealed themselves from the sunlight, 1290 +Where disease and sorrow in garrets languished neglected. +Night after night when the world was asleep, as the watchman repeated +Loud, through the gusty streets, that all was well in the city, +High at some lonely window he saw the light of her taper. +Day after day, in the gray of the dawn, as slow through the suburbs 1295 +Plodded the German farmer, with flowers and fruits for the market, +Met he that meek, pale face, returning home from its watchings. + + Then it came to pass that a pestilence fell on the city, +Presaged by wondrous signs, and mostly by flocks of wild pigeons, +Darkening the sun in their flight, with naught in their craws but an acorn. 1300 +And, as the tides of the sea arise in the month of September, +Flooding some silver stream, till it spreads to a lake in the meadow, +So death flooded life, and, o'erflowing its natural margin, +Spread to a brackish lake the silver stream of existence. +Wealth had no power to bribe, nor beauty to charm, the oppressor; 1305 +But all perished alike beneath the scourge of his anger;-- +Only, alas! the poor, who had neither friends nor attendants, +Crept away to die in the almshouse, home of the homeless. +Then in the suburbs it stood, in the midst of meadows and woodlands;-- +Now the city surrounds it; but still, with its gateway and wicket 1310 +Meek, in the midst of splendor, its humble walls seem to echo +Softly the words of the Lord:--"The poor ye always have with you." +Thither, by night and by day, came the Sister of Mercy. The dying +Looked up into her face, and thought, indeed, to behold there +Gleams of celestial light encircle her forehead with splendor, 1315 +Such as the artist paints o'er the brows of saints and apostles, +Or such as hangs by night o'er a city seen at a distance. +Unto their eyes it seemed the lamps of the city celestial, +Into whose shining gates erelong their spirits would enter. + + Thus, on a Sabbath morn, through the streets, deserted and silent, 1320 +Wending her quiet way, she entered the door of the almshouse. +Sweet on the summer air was the odor of flowers in the garden, +And she paused on her way to gather the fairest among them, +That the dying once more might rejoice in their fragrance and beauty. +Then, as she mounted the stairs to the corridors, cooled by the east wind, 1325 +Distant and soft on her ear fell the chimes from the belfry of Christ Church, +While, intermingled with these, across the meadows were wafted +Sounds of psalms, that were sung by the Swedes in their church at Wicaco. +Soft as descending wings fell the calm of the hour on her spirit; +Something within her said, "At length thy trials are ended;" 1330 +And, with light in her looks, she entered the chambers of sickness. +Noiselessly moved about the assiduous, careful attendants, +Moistening the feverish lip, and the aching brow, and in silence +Closing the sightless eyes of the dead, and concealing their faces, +Where on their pallets they lay, like drifts of snow by the roadside. 1335 +Many a languid head, upraised as Evangeline entered, +Turned on its pillow of pain to gaze while she passed, for her presence +Fell on their hearts like a ray of the sun on the walls of a prison. +And, as she looked around, she saw how Death the consoler, +Laying his hand upon many a heart, had healed it forever. 1340 +Many familiar forms had disappeared in the night time; +Vacant their places were, or filled already by strangers. + + Suddenly, as if arrested, by fear or a feeling of wonder, +Still she stood, with her colorless lips apart, while a shudder +Ran through her frame, and, forgotten, the flowerets dropped from her fingers, 1345 +And from her eyes and cheeks the light and bloom of the morning. +Then there escaped from her lips a cry of such terrible anguish, +That the dying heard it, and started up from their pillows. +On the pallet before her was stretched the form of an old man. +Long, and thin, and gray were the locks that shaded his temples; 1350 +But, as he lay in the morning light, his face for a moment +Seemed to assume once more the forms of its earlier manhood; +So are wont to be changed the faces of those who are dying. +Hot and red on his lips still burned the flush of the fever, +As if life, like the Hebrew, with blood had besprinkled its portals, 1355 +That the Angel of Death might see the sign, and pass over. +Motionless, senseless, dying, he lay, and his spirit exhausted +Seemed to be sinking down through infinite depths in the darkness, +Darkness of slumber and death, forever sinking and sinking. +Then through those realms of shade, in multiplied reverberations, 1360 +Heard he that cry of pain, and through the hush that succeeded +Whispered a gentle voice, in accents tender and saint-like, +"Gabriel! O my beloved!" and died away into silence. +Then he beheld, in a dream, once more the home of his childhood; +Green Acadian meadows, with sylvan rivers among them, 1365 +Village, and mountain, and woodlands; and, walking under their shadow, +As in the days of her youth, Evangeline rose in his vision. +Tears came into his eyes; and as slowly he lifted his eyelids, +Vanished the vision away, but Evangeline knelt by his bedside. +Vainly he strove to whisper her name, for the accents unuttered 1370 +Died on his lips, and their motion revealed what his tongue would have spoken. +Vainly he strove to rise; and Evangeline, kneeling beside him, +Kissed his dying lips, and laid his head on her bosom. +Sweet was the light of his eyes; but it suddenly sank into darkness, +As when a lamp is blown out by a gust of wind at a casement. 1375 + + All was ended now, the hope, and the fear, and the sorrow, +All the aching of heart, the restless, unsatisfied longing, +All the dull, deep pain, and constant anguish of patience! +And, as she pressed once more the lifeless head to her bosom, +Meekly she bowed her own, and murmured, "Father, I thank thee!" 1380 + + Still stands the forest primeval; but far away from its shadow, +Side by side, in their nameless graves, the lovers are sleeping. +Under the humble walls of the little Catholic churchyard, +In the heart of the city, they lie, unknown and unnoticed. +Daily the tides of life go ebbing and flowing beside them, 1385 +Thousands of throbbing hearts, where theirs are at rest and forever, +Thousands of aching brains, where theirs no longer are busy, +Thousands of toiling hands, where theirs have ceased from their labors, +Thousands of weary feet, where theirs have completed their journey! + + Still stands the forest primeval; but under the shade of its branches 1390 +Dwells another race, with other customs and language. +Only along the shore of the mournful and misty Atlantic +Linger a few Acadian peasants, whose fathers from exile +Wandered back to their native land to die in its bosom. +In the fisherman's cot the wheel and the loom are still busy; 1395 +Maidens still wear their Norman caps and their kirtles of homespun, +And by the evening fire repeat Evangeline's story, +While from its rocky caverns the deep-voiced, neighboring ocean +Speaks, and in accents disconsolate answers the wail of the forest. + + + + +PICTURES + + +Perry Pictures helpful in the Study of Evangeline: + +Christ Church, Boston, 1357; The Sheepfold, 3049; The Blacksmith, 887; +Evangeline, 23; The Wave, 3197; Spring, 484; Pasturage in the Forest, 506; +Sheep-Spring, 757; Milking Time, 601; Angelus, 509; Haymaker's Rest, 605; +Landscape, 490; Priscilla Spinning, 3298; Shoeing the Horse, 908; Henry +Wadsworth Longfellow, 15; Priscilla, 1338; Autumn, 615; September, 1071; +Deer by Moonlight, 1005; Winter Scene, 27-B. + + * * * * * + +We supply the above at one cent each, if twenty or more are ordered. They +may be assorted, as desired. + + + +NOTES. + + +PART ONE. + +I + + +1. A PRIMEVAL FOREST is one which has not been disturbed by the axe. + +3. DRUIDS were Celtic priests. Their religious ceremonies were carried on in +oak groves, the trees being regarded as sacred. + +10. GRAND PRE (graen-pr[=a]) means large meadow. + +20. BASIN OF MINAS, an arm of the Bay of Fundy. + +25. THE TIDES in the Bay of Fundy rise to the height of 60 feet. What is the +ordinary rise of the tide? + +29. BLOMIDON is a promontory about four hundred feet high at the entrance of +the Bay of Minas. + +33. THE HENRIES were rulers of France in the sixteenth and seventeenth +centuries. + +34. NORMANDY, a district in northern France bordering on the English +channel. + +39. KIRTLE, a petticoat. + +49. THE ANGELUS was a bell which called people to prayer. What do you know +of the painting called "The Angelus?" + +57. Real misery was wholly unknown, and benevolence anticipated the demands +of poverty. Every misfortune was relieved, as it were, before it could be +felt, without ostentation on the one hand and without meanness on the other. +It was in short, a society of brethren. ABBE REYNAL. + +72. HYSSOP, a plant. A branch of it could be used like a sponge. It was a +symbol of purification from sin. + +74. CHAPLET OF BEADS, a string of beads used in praying. MISSAL, a prayer +book. + +96. See Luke XXII, 60, 61. + +111. A PATRON SAINT was a Saint who was supposed to exercise a special care +over the people of a town or district. + +115. Lajeunesse (lae-zhe-n[)e]s'). + +144. There was a saying among the people that "If the sun shines on St. +Eulalie's day there will be a good crop of apples." It was February 12th. + + +II. + + +149. THE SCORPION is one of the twelve signs of the zodiac. The sun enters +this sign in late October. + +153. For the reference to Jacob, see Gen. XXXII, 24-30. + +159. THE SUMMER OF ALL-SAINTS corresponds to our Indian Summer. All-Saints +day is Nov. 1st. + +170. PLANE TREE, a species of sycamore. Xerxes, a Persian, admired one of +them so much he put a mantle upon it and adorned it with jewels. + +209. BURGUNDY is a section of eastern France famous for its fine wines. + +238. THE GASPEREAU is a river that flows into the Basin of Minas, east of +Grand Pre. + +242. GLEBE, soil. + +249. LOUISBURG, BEAUSEJOUR (b[=o] s[=e]' zh[=o][=o]r,) and PORT ROYAL were +towns which had been taken from the French by the British. + +259. THE CONTRACT was considered almost as binding as a marriage. Remember +this. + +260-2. As soon as a young man arrived at the proper age, the community +built him a house, broke the land about it, and supplied him with all the +necessaries of life for twelve months. Then he received the partner whom he +had chosen, and who brought him her portion in flocks. ABBE REYNAL. + + +III. + + +280. LOUP GAROU ( l[=o][=o]-ga-r[=o][=o] ) means man-wolf. There was a +tradition that a man had the power to change himself into a wolf to devour +children. + +282. LETICHE (l[=a]-t[=e]sh'). + +293. IN SOOTH, in truth. + +307. A figure with scales in the left hand and a sword in the right is +sometimes used to represent Justice. + +354. THE CURFEW was a bell tolled in the evening as a signal to put out the +fires and go to bed. + +381. See Gen. XXI, 14. + + +IV. + + +413. The names of two French songs. + +442. The summer solstice is on the 21st of June. The sun is then farthest +north, being over the Tropic of Cancer. It seems to stand still for a short +time. + +466. The author contrasts the clamor of the throng and the quiet words of +Father Felician by referring to rapid strokes of the alarm and the quiet, +measured strokes of the hour. + +476. See Luke XXIII, 34. + +484. AVE MARIA (aeh-v[=a]-mah-r[=e]'-a), a prayer to the Virgin Mary. + +486. See 2 Kings II, 11. + +507. See Exodus XXIV, 29-35. + + +V. + + +572-3. Parents were separated from children and husbands from wives, some of +whom have not to this day met again; and we were so crowded in the transport +vessels that we had not even room to lay down, and consequently were +prevented from carrying with us proper necessaries, especially for the +support and comfort of the aged and weak, many of whom quickly ended their +lives. PETITION OF THE ACADIANS TO THE KING. + +579. LEAGUER, an army camp. + +589. See lines 49, 50. + +597. See Acts XXVII-XXVIII. + +604. BENEDICITE, bless you. + +631. NEBRASKA, now known as the Platte River. + +667. BELL OR BOOK, funeral bell, or book of funeral service. + + + + +PART TWO. + + +I. + +674. SAVANNAHS, grassy plains. + +678-9. We have already seen, in this province of Pennsylvania, two hundred +and fifty of our people, which is more than half the number that were landed +here, perish through misery and various diseases. PETITION OF THE ACADIANS +TO THE KING. + +705. COUREURS-DES-BOIS (k[=o][=o]-rur-d[=a]-bwae'), guides. + +707. VOYAGEUR (vwae-yae-zh[=u]r,) river boatmen. + +713. To braid St. Catherine's tresses means to remain unmarried. + +733. MUSE, here the Goddess of Song. There were nine Muses in all. + + +II. + +741. THE BEAUTIFUL RIVER, the Ohio. + +749. ACADIAN COAST, districts near the mouth of the Mississippi river where +many Acadians had settled. + +OPELOUSAS, a district in Louisana. + +764. GOLDEN COAST, banks of the Mississippi above New Orleans. + +766. PLAQUEMINE (pl[)a]k-m[=e]n.) + +782. Mimosa, a plant which closes its leaves when agitated. + +807. ATCHAFALAYA ([)a]ch-[.a]-f[=a]-l[=i]'-a,) a river in Louisiana. + +815. WACHITA (w[)o]sh-[=e]-taew,) a river in Louisiana. + +821. See Genesis XXVIII, 10-15. + +856. TECHE (t[=a]sh,) a bayou. + +ST. MAUR (s[)a]n-m[=o]r'.) + +879. BACCHANTES, followers of Bacchus, God of wine. + + +III. + + +889. MISTLETOE, a parasite plant which grows on many trees. + +890. YULE-TIDE, Christmas time. + +952. ADAYES (a-d[=a]'-yes) town in Texas. + +956. THE FATES, three Goddesses who were supposed to control human +destinies. + +961. OLYMPUS, a mountain of Greece supposed by the ancient Greeks to be the +home of the Gods. + +970. CI-DEVANT, (s[=e]`-de-van) former. + +984. NATCHITOCHES (n[)a]ck'-e-t[)o]sh,) a district of Louisiana. + +1033. CARTHUSIAN, a Monk of an order where only occasional speech is +permitted. + +1044. UPHARSIN, divided. See Daniel V, 5-29. + +1054. This was considered a bad omen. + +1063. See Luke XV, 11-32. + +1064. See Matthew XXV, 1-13. + + +IV. + + +1082. OREGON, the Columbia River. + +WALLEWAY, a branch of the Snake river. + +OWYHEE (Owy'-hee) river in same region. + +1083. WIND RIVER MOUNTAINS, a chain of the Rocky Mountains, in Wyoming. + +1084. SWEET WATER VALLEY, in Wyoming. NEBRASKA, the Platte river. + +1085. FONTAINE-QUI-BOUT (f[)o]n'-t[=a]n-k[=e]-b[=o][=o]) a creek in +Colorado. + +SPANISH SIERRAS, Mountain range in New Mexico. + +1091. AMORPHAS, a shrub having clusters of blue flowers. + +1095. ISHMAEL'S CHILDREN. The Arabs are considered descendents of Ishmael. +Because of their warlike spirit the American Indians have been thought to be +descents of Ishmael. See Genesis XXI, 14-21. + +1114. FATA MORGANA (Fae-tae-Mor-gae'-nae,) mirage. + +1139. MOWIS (m[=o]'-w[=e]s.) + +1167. BLACK ROBE CHIEF, Jesuit priest at the head of the mission, so called +because of his black robe. + +1182. SUSURRUS, whisperings. + +1219. HUMBLE PLANT, a plant that grows on the prairies whose leaves point +north and south, thus serving as a guide. + +1241. MORAVIAN MISSIONS. The Moravians are a Christian sect noted for their +missionary zeal. + + +V. + + +1256. A number of streets in Philadelphia have the name of trees, as Walnut, +Chestnut, etc. + +1257. DRYADS, Goddesses of the woods. + +1288. SISTER OF MERCY, a member of an order in the Roman Catholic church. +The members devote their lives to works of charity. + +1355. See Exodus XII, 22-23. + + + + +ARGUMENT. + + +"Evangeline" is usually studied in the seventh school year--a time when a +somewhat intensive study of a piece of literature may be undertaken with +profit. This poem offers a most delightful introduction into the wider +realms of literature--an introduction fraught with much consequence since +the manner of it is likely to have a considerable bearing on the pupil's +future in this subject. It is certainly important that the most be made of +the opportunity. + +We believe that the common lack of interest and effort in school work +is often due to an absence of definite and visible ends, and of proper +directions for the reaching of those ends. Pupils do not object to work, and +hard work, with something tangible. What they do object to is groping in +the dark for something that may turn up--which is too frequently the case +in their study of a piece of literature. Such a course may be commendable +later, but at this period, suggestion and direction are necessary. These are +furnished by our "Suggestive Questions," which indicate lines of study and +research. + +In the ordinary reading class the work is largely done by a few of the +brighter pupils. It is quite difficult to secure a careful preparation by +the whole class. It is also difficult to ascertain how well the pupils are +prepared. The "Suggestive Questions" will be found very helpful here. + +Care has been exercised in the division of the subject matter that each +lesson may, in a sense, be complete in itself. The lessons are supposed to +occupy twenty-five or thirty minutes; this, with the nature of the subject +matter and the number of unfamiliar words, determining the length of the +lessons. + +The poem is to be studied twice:-- + +First, a general survey to get the story and the characters clearly in mind. + +Second, a careful study of the text that the beauty and richness, the +artistic and ethical values of the poem may be realized. + +It is obvious that no scheme, however carefully wrought out, can in any +sense be a substitute for earnestness, enthusiasm and sympathy; and careful +preparation is an absolute essential of all successful teaching. With these, +it is believed, excellent results may be secured by use of this plan. + + W.F. CONOVER. + + _"B" St. School, + San Diego, Cal._ + + + + +PART I. + +A GENERAL SURVEY. + + +_Lesson I._ The Author and the Poem. + +_Lesson II._ Acadia and the Acadians. + +_Lesson III._ Discuss the structure of the poem and how it should be read. +Read. + +_Lessons IV-XIII._ Read a section each day to get the outlines of the story. + +Notice carefully the Topics given on the following pages, and be able to +tell with what lines each Topic begins and ends. In the other Sections +make lists of Topics, filling out the outlines. Be careful to choose the +principal Topics and not subordinate ones. + + + + +EVANGELINE--PART I. + + + SEC. I. + + _Acadia._ + + + 1. Grand Pre. + 2. Benedict Bellefontaine. + 3. Bvangeline. + 4. The Home. + 5. Gabriel, Basil, Father Felician. + 6. Childhood of Evangeline and Gabriel. + 7. Manhood and Womanhood. + + + SEC. II. + + _The Home._ + + + 1. + 2. + 3. + 4. + 5. + 6. + + + SEC. III. + + _The Interview._ + + + 1. The Notary. + 2. The Argument and Story. + 3. The Betrothal. + 4. The Game. + 5. Departure of Guests. + 6. Evangeline. + + + SEC. IV. + + _The Summons._ + + + 1. + 2. + 3. + 4. + 5. + 6. + 7. + + + SEC. V. + + _The Embarking._ + + + 1. Gathering of Goods. + 2. Evangeline's Message. + 3. Separated. + 4. The Camp. + 5. Fire. + 6. Death of Benedict. + 7. Exiled. + + + + +EVANGELINE--PART II. + + SEC. I. + + _The Search Begun._ + + + 1. + 2. + 3. + 4. + 5. + + + SEC. II. + + _On the Mississippi._ + + + 1. The Boatmen. + 2. The Journey. + 3. Forebodings of Ill. + 4. The Sleep. + 5. The Bugle. + 6. The Passing. + 7. Evangeline's Dream. + 8. Journey Continued. + 9. Arrival. + + + SEC. III. + + _Re-union. Search Again._ + + + 1. + 2. + 3. + 4. + 5. + 6. + 7. + 8. + 9. + 10. + + + SEC. IV. + + _Search Continued._ + + + 1. The Great West. + 2. Old Camp Fires. + 3. The Shawnee--Confidences. + 4. March Resumed. + 5. The Mission. + 6. Patience. + 7. Rumors. On to Michigan. + 8. Years of Search. + + + SEC. V. + + _Search Ended._ + + + 1. + 2. + 3. + 4. + 5. + 6. + + + + +PART II. + +STUDY OF THE TEXT. + + +(1.) Lessons I-XXVII. + +(2.) Composition Subjects. + +The questions on the following pages are intended to be suggestive of lines +of study. Others of like or different import will occur to the teacher. +Don't be confined to the written questions. Many others will be needed to +bring out the artistic and spiritual values of the poem and to keep the +thread of the story in mind. + +Pupils are expected to know the meaning of words and the particular one the +author employs. The understanding of a passage often depends on the meaning +of a single word. (See Part III.) + + + + +SUGGESTIVE QUESTIONS. + +EVANGELINE--PART I. + +SEC. I. + +_Introduction. Grand Pre._ + +Lesson I, Lines 1-57. + + +The author gives us a hint of the nature of his narrative. In what lines +does he directly refer to it? This is a story of what? What three qualities +had this thing? What two pictures does the author contrast, lines 6-15? Why +murmuring pines? What two parts of one picture, lines 1-5? Why compare to +the roe? In what ways did their lives resemble a river? Why October leaves? +Remember--this is a story of what? Its three qualities are what? What is +the first picture in Section I? What quality of the people is referred to +in line 24? The Acadians were engaged in what industry? Would their lives +be more peaceful in this than in other lines of labor? Why use reposed, line +32? Who was intimately associated with all the life of the village? Explain +lines 52-56 and 57. + + +_Evangeline._ + +Lesson II, Lines 58-81. + + +What is the topic of this lesson? Who is also introduced to us? Describe. +What does the comparison with an oak suggest? What was Evangeline's age? +Describe her appearance. What qualities does this description show of her? +What was Benedict's most marked characteristic? Evangeline's? + + +_Home and Childhood of Evangeline and Gabriel._ + +Lesson III, Lines 82-147. + + +Why does the author describe the home so carefully? What do we learn of +Evangeline, lines 104-114? What two characters are here introduced? Tell +about their childhood days. Note the early attraction of these two for each +other. What about the wondrous stone? Have stones such powers? Evangeline's +name (line 144) indicates what? + + +SEC. II. + +_Autumn. Evening Out-of-doors. In-doors._ + +Lesson IV, Lines 148-198. + + +What is the season? What is the sign of the scorpion? What season follows? +Signs point to what? Why should the author refer to signs of a hard winter? +What idea does the author reiterate, lines 160-175? Note--the author brings +up one picture after another to impress us in this way. Why? Does he picture +the home clearly? Describe. What things of old time life does he mention? +Give topic, lines 199-217. Where were the Norman orchards? What does the +loom suggest? + +_Visitors. The News. Argument._ + +Lesson V, Lines 247-267. + + +What relations existed between Basil and Benedict? How do you know? Note +carefully how the talk shows character. How did each view the news? Does the +author make many simple statements of facts, or does he use much imagery? Is +this so common in prose? + +Which was the better way of viewing the news? Why refer to Louisburg, Beau +Sejour and Port Royal? Had Basil good reasons for his suspicions? Why were +the Acadians safer than their fathers? Why did Benedict wish to have no +fear? What was the purpose of the call? What preparations had been made for +the marriage? + + +SEC. III. + +_The Notary and His Story._ + +Lesson VI, Lines 268-329. + + +A new character in the story. What others have we met thus far? In what +regard was the Notary held? Describe him. Why did the children like him? +What was the lore of the village? Contrast the blacksmith's and the Notary's +manner. Explain line 299. Does the Notary's story prove his point--that +Justice finally triumphs? Why? What effect upon Basil has the story? Explain +lines 328-329. + + +_Signing the Contract. The Last Good-Night._ + +Lesson VII, Lines 330-381. + + +What do you learn from line 333? What characteristic does Benedict show, +line 339? Learn 351-352. + +Were these marriage papers that were signed? What? What three facts of +old time life, lines 353-368? What are compared, lines 368-371? Why should +Evangleline feel sad at this time? Was it natural? How could the star follow +her footsteps? Look up reference line 381. + + +SEC. IV. + +_The Betrothal Feast. The Mandate._ + +Lesson VIII, Lines 382-459. + + +Was the betrothal feast an important event in Grand Pre? So much thought of +now? Explain 385-386. For what purpose were the people gathering? How did +Acadian life differ from that of today? Why was hospitality greater under +Benedict's roof? Who were some of the principal persons at the feast? Who is +now introduced? Was there a peculiar sadness in the occurances of the day? +Why? + +We have three pictures strongly contrasted in this, the preceding and the +succeeding lessons. Try to get a clear idea of each of these three scenes. +Contrast the feast and the reception of the Mandate. Why refer to the +solstice? What was the immediate effect of the news? Then what? Was it a +time when character would show? Explain. Who shows clearly his temperament? + + +_Father Felician's Rebuke._ + +Lesson IX, Lines 460-486. + + +(To me, this selection is one of the finest in the poem. It is a fine +tribute to _character_. We have in this and the preceding lesson two +pictures in marked contrast. Recall the effects the Mandate must have had +on the pioneers; how we of the class would feel if we now received such an +order. Think of the homes made by long years of patient toil, the familiar +and much loved scenes--all that made life dear--must be left behind and life +begun anew amid strange scenes and among strange people. What utter despair +must have possessed them.) + +What scene of wild passion Father Felician met when he opened the church +door! Could force have quieted this mob? Could they have been _made_ quiet? +Then Father Felician enters, raises his hand and stillness reigns. What +causes this great change? What wisdom does the priest show? Does he say +much? To what does he turn their thoughts? Why? Who is the "Prince of +Peace"? What great character in history had a like power over a multitude? +Was it a great thing that the people could say from their hearts "O Father, +Forgive Them"? Who said it before this? The evening service is held +and quiet after the storm. How were their souls translated? What is the +reference to Elijah? + + +_Evangeline's Service. Shadows._ + +Lesson X, Lines 487-523. + + +What change here introduced? Why should it come in here? Any reason except +a continuation of the story? (A well written play or story has a careful +mixture of pathos and humor. Explain and apply.) Note lines 499-501. What +was the source of Evangeline's great strength of character? Who was the +prophet? Has the reference to the Angelus any suggestive sadness? Why graves +of the living? Why did the thunder speak to her? What did it suggest? + + +SEC. V. + +_Gathering on the Beach._ + +Lesson XI, lines 524-590. + + +How long were they in the church? What was the attitude of the Acadians? +What happens similarly in nature? What characteristic of woman is shown in +lines 553-567? Compare Evangeline, Gabriel and Benedict at this point. Did +Evangeline meet her father and Gabriel in different ways? Why? Did she +show wisdom in so doing? What turning point now comes? Imagine a different +circumstance--how would it affect the remainder of the story? Picture the +village. Why refer to the waifs of the tide? + + +_The Camp. Burning Village._ + +Lesson XII, Lines 591-635. + + +Picture the camp. Why refer to Paul? What was the condition of Benedict? +What disposition did he show in this trouble? Do you suppose Basil was +affected in the same way? How do an oak and a willow take a storm? Which +is the better way? Who was the oak and who the willow? What does Father +Felician do? Does he show discernment? Explain 612-615. How many and what +distinct pictures do you find in the lesson? Write lines 613-620 in your own +words and compare. + + +_Death. Separation._ + +Lesson XIII, Lines 636-665. + + +What was the effect of the fire on Benedict? The effect of her father's +death on Evangeline? What does "without bell or book" mean? What of +nature seemed in harmony with the occasion? What two great sorrows came to +Evangeline so closely? Review closing incidents and Part One. + + +EVANGELINE--PART II. + +SEC. I. + +_Landing. Search Begun._ + +Lesson XIV, Lines 666-705. + + +How long time has elapsed since the embarking? What were the Acadian's +Household Gods? Why was the exile without an end? Why should the author use +this comparison about their scattering? Explain fully about the seizing of +the hills. What was the attitude of many Acadians? Of Evangeline? What is +the desert of life? Why so called? What makes life a desert? Explain fully +lines 683-687. What was there singular about Evangeline's life? What effect +had this on her life? What was the inarticulate whisper that came to her? + + +_Pressing On._ + +Lesson XV, Lines 706-740. + + +What is a voyageur? What was Evangeline advised to do by her friends? +Should she have followed their advice? Give reason. What was it to braid St. +Catherine's tresses? What do you think of Evangeline's reply? Learn lines +720-727. Explain. What was the funeral dirge which she heard What was the +voice that replied? What is the Muse? Who appeals to it? How is it to be +followed? + + +SEC. II. + +_On the River. Forebodings._ + +Lesson XVI, Lines 741-789. + + +Has the author followed the wanderer's footsteps in Sec. I, Part II? Locate +scene pictured in lines 741-745. How were these people bound together? How +strongly? Picture the scene in lines 757-765 clearly. Why Golden Coast? +What is a maze? What did the moss look like? What is demoniac laughter? What +purpose does the author serve in bringing in this incident? Describe scene +in lines 763-767. How did the exiles feel this night? What about the mimosa? +What are the hoof-beats of fate? What effect have the hoof-beats? Was +Evangeline in the same mood as the others? Read to line 863, and then +consider carefully the scene and events to line 790. Study with care. + + +_Night on the River. The Passing._ + +Lesson XVII, Lines 790-841. + + +Explain lines 790-794 and lines 798-799. Why do you suppose the bugle was +not heard? What if it was? Why did they row at midnight? Why does the author +bring in something weird again as in line 805? Note change from night with +its weird uncertainty to day with its quiet peace and beauty. Why refer to +Jacob's ladder? How can you account for conditions given in lines 824-5? +Note that here a calm precedes the storm. Who were in the boat speeding +north? What was the last we heard of Gabriel? What changes had occurred in +his appearance? How did he take his lot and disappointment? How different +from Evangeline? Does the account of the passing seem reasonable? Are such +occurrences common in general life? + + +_Evangeline's Dream. Arrival._ + +Lesson XVIII, Lines 842-887. + + +Does it seem reasonable that Evangeline felt Gabriel was near? Explain and +learn lines 852-4. Explain 858. Why Eden of Louisiana? Has Father Felician +given up to despair on any occasion? What kept him from despairing? Had he +despaired how would it have affected Evangeline and the story? Note scene in +lines 864-868. Does the author here give a picture of nature in harmony with +a condition of mind? Where? Find like treatment in this section. The mocking +bird here reminds one of what bird in another scene? Does each seem an +appropriate part of the picture? What was the prelude? Why were their hearts +moved with emotion? + + +SEC. III. + +_Meeting Basil. Disappointment._ + +Lesson XIX, Lines 888-958. + + +Find subject and predicate of first sentence. Describe house and +surroundings. Would flowers grow thus in Acadia? What was love's symbol? Why +sea of flowers? Explain 904-910. Why surf? Contrast Basil's home in Grand +Pre and the one here. Explain lines 933. Was Basil's way of breaking the +news about Gabriel a good one? Why should she be deeply disappointed? Did +Gabriel bear his disappointment as did Evangeline? What was the result of +Evangeline's longing? Of Gabriel's? Why a fugitive lover? Why fates and +streams against him? What did Basil mean line 958? + + +_Re-union and Feast._ + +Lesson XX, Lines 959-1020. + + +Note here change of scene. Is it from pathos to humor or from humor to +pathos? What do you gather from lines 959-960 and 964-965? From 961-2? Why +should they marvel? Compare conditions of life in Acadia and in Louisiana. +What familiar fact does Basil show, line 982? Why refer to King George? Note +the very attractive picture Basil draws--almost a picture of Eden. Was +there an _if_ about it, a final word that quite changed the shading of the +picture? Is it usually thus? Were the Acadians naturally light-hearted? + + +_Despair. Hope. On Again._ + +Lesson XXI, Lines 1021-1077. + + +What effect had this scene on Evangeline? Why should she hear the sounds +of the sea? Why desire to leave the merriment? Explain 1028-1038. Stars +are here spoken of as God's thoughts--what else has the author called them? +Explain 1041-1044. Was the evening in harmony with Evangeline's mood? Why +was it the oaks whispered "Patience" and not the beeches or other trees? +Explain 1059-1061. Who were going in quest of Gabriel? Explain references of +"Prodigal Son" and "Foolish Virgin" and apply. How was Gabriel blown by +fate like the dead leaf? How long before they found traces of Gabriel? What +traces? What news finally? Where were they now? + + +SEC. IV. + +_The Great West. The Shawnee. Confidences._ + +Lesson XXII, lines 1078-1164. + + +What are amorphas? Why describe thus this territory? Who were Ishmael's +children? Why bring out clearly the many dangers to be encountered here? +What is Fata Morgana? Who was the anchorite monk? Why taciturn? How could +they follow his footsteps? Who were _they_? How were traces of sorrow and +patience visible? Were they unusually touched by the Shawnee's story? Why? +Was it natural for Evangeline and the Shawnee to be drawn together? What +common bond had they? What was the effect of Evangeline's story? Were the +Shawnee's stories appropriate? Were they comforting or disheartening? What +was the snake that crept into Evangeline's thoughts? Was it lasting? +What would naturally dispell it? Are people more brave at night or in the +morning? More cheerful when? Why? + + +_At the Mission. Waiting._ + +Lesson XXIII, Lines 1165-1205. + + +Why Black Robe Chief? Why expect good tidings at the Mission? What is a +rural chapel? What were vespers and sussuras? What was the cause of the +priest's pleasure? Look up Jesuit work in North America. Why were the +priest's words like snow flakes to Evangeline? How did Evangeline receive +the news? Why should she desire to remain at the Mission rather than return +to Basil's home? Was there an unselfish purpose in her remaining? + + +_A Long Search. Age._ + +Lesson XXIV, Lines 1206-1291. + + +How long did Evangeline remain at the Mission? What old custom referred +to in lines 1212-1214? What do you know of old husking bees? Who urged +patience? The compass flower illustrates what truth? Why is life in a +true sense pathless and limitless? What quality is suggested by the gay, +luxuriant flower? By the humble plant? Evangeline leaves the Mission to +seek Gabriel where? Result? How did she spend the following years? Would you +think from the text here her life was wholly given to the thought of Gabriel +and to search for him? Why? What was the dawn of another life? + + +SEC. V. + +_Devotion._ + +Lesson XXV, Lines 1252-1297. + + +Why was Penn an apostle? What city did he found? How do the streets echo the +names of the forest? Who are the Dryads? Why did she feel at home here? Does +she finally give up hope? Explain lines 1270-1275. What made the world look +bright to her? Does one's state of mind determine to a large extent how the +world looks? Does the world look the same at night and in the morning? When +are we most likely to see it as it is? Was Gabriel forgotten? What were the +lessons her life had taught her? What became of her love? How did she act +practically upon her feeling? What was the word or the thing that drew her? +She shows what quality 1291-1293? What is a Sister of Mercy? Why had she +not joined the Order before? Had she in a true sense been a sister of mercy +before joining the Order? Do you think she regretted the long struggle that +fitted her so well for this work? + + +_The Pestilence._ + +Lesson XXVI, Lines 1298-1342. + + +How did death flood life? What made the lake brackish? Why silver stream? +What is the usual cause of a pestilence? Why call it a scourge of his anger? +Where was the almshouse? Where is the spot now? This was an opportunity for +whom? What was the appearance of the sister? What occasioned it? Is what +we _are_ written in our faces? What morning did she visit the almshouse? +In what season? Had she a premonition that her quest was ended? Are +premonitions common? What was the effect of this feeling upon her? Why was +death a consoler? + + +_The Meeting._ + +Lesson XXVII, Lines 1343-1400. + + +White expecting something, was Evangeline prepared for the meeting? How +did it affect her? How did Gabriel appear? What was the cause? What is the +reference about sprinkling the portals? What was Gabriel's condition? What +effect had the cry of Evangeline? Did he recognize Evangeline and +realize she was with him? What came to his mind? Did he finally recognize +Evangeline? Was this recognition a blessing for her? What effect had this +meeting upon her? How did she express it? Where are the lovers supposed to +be now? Do you think Evangeline's life ended here? + +Scene shifts to where? What has occurred? Does the author state that those +old scenes of Acadian life can now be seen? Where? In lines 1399-1400 is +there any suggestion as to this story? + +Note.--It would be well at the conclusion of this study to spend one or two +periods in going over the story as a whole that the poem, in its general +outline, may be better retained in the pupil's mind. + + + + +COMPOSITION SUBJECTS. + + 1. Acadian Life. (Contrast with present.) + 2. The Notary. + 3. Character of Gabriel. + 4. Character of Evangeline. + 5. The Betrothal Feast. + 6. The Scene on the Shore. + 7. On the River. (Compare mode of traveling with present ones by + land and water.) + 8. Home of Basil. (Contrast with the home in Acadia.) + 9. The Mission. + 10. The Search and its Reward. + + Select the lines that appeal to you most. + Select the lines that show the most beautiful sentiment. + Select the lines that contain the best pictures. + + + + +PART III. + +SPELLING AND DEFINING. + + +The work of spelling and defining may be carried on with the study of the +text of the poem, or at the conclusion of this study. In the former case +allow a week or more to pass after using a selection as a Reading lesson +before studying it as a Spelling lesson, that the reading may not degenerate +into a word-study. + +The words selected are those which should form a part of the pupil's +vocabulary. The fact that the context largely determines the meaning of +a word should be made clear in this study, and the particular meaning the +author employs in the poem should be required. The pupil's discrimination +will at first be poor, but he soon develops considerable skill and judgment. + + +I + + 1. primeval + 2. Druids + 3. eld + 4. prophetic + 5. hoar + 6. caverns + 7. disconsolate + 8. roe + 9. glided + 10. reflecting + 11. adopt + 12. tradition + 13. affliction + 14. endures + 15. patient + + +II + + 1. incessant + 2. floodgates + 3. reposed + 4. peasants + 5. thatched + 6. tranquil + 7. vanes + 8. distaffs + 9. gossiping + 10. reverend + 11. hailing + 12. serenely + 13. belfry + 14. incense + 15. contentment + + +III + + 1. stalworth + 2. stately + 3. gleamed + 4. tresses + 5. sooth + 6. turret + 7. hyssop + 8. chaplet + 9. missal + 10. generations + 11. ethereal + 12. confession + 13. benediction + 14. exquisite + 15. envy + + +IV + + 1. antique + 2. penitent + 3. odorous + 4. meek + 5. innocent + 6. variant + 7. devotion + 8. craft + 9. repute + 10. pedagogue + 11. autumnal + 12. expired + 13. populous + 14. wondrous + 15. valiant + + +V + + 1. desolate + 2. tropical + 3. inclement + 4. mantles + 5. hoarded + 6. advent + 7. pious + 8. magical + 9. landscape + 10. consoled + 11. blended + 12. subdued + 13. arrayed + 14. adorned + 15. surmises + + +VI + + 1. instinct + 2. superbly + 3. ponderous + 4. gestures + 5. fantastic + 6. fragments + 7. carols + 8. treadles + 9. diligent + 10. monotonous + 11. jovial + 12. content + 13. accustomed + 14. forebodings + 15. mandate + + +VII + + 1. untimely + 2. blighted + 3. bursting + 4. lurk + 5. outskirts + 6. anxious + 7. dubious + 8. scythe + 9. besieged + 10. contract (_n._) + 11. glebe + 12. inkhorn + 13. rejoice + 14. worthy + 15. notary + + +VIII + + 1. floss + 2. wisdom + 3. supernal + 4. languished + 5. warier + 6. ripe + 7. unchristened + 8. doomed + 9. haunt + 10. marvellous + 11. lore + 12. demeanor + 13. molest + 14. irascible + 15. triumphs + + +IX + + 1. brazen + 2. emblem + 3. presided + 4. corrupted + 5. oppressed + 6. condemned + 7. convinced + 8. congealed + 9. tankard + 10. dower + 11. contention + 12. manoeuvre + 13. pallid + 14. infinite + 15. breach + + +X + + 1. anon + 2. curfew + 3. straightway + 4. lingered + 5. reigned + 6. resounded + 7. luminous + 8. ample + 9. spacious + 10. dower + 11. mellow + 12. tremulous + 13. serenely + 14. flitted + 15. Abraham + + +XI + + 1. clamorous + 2. hamlets + 3. holiday + 4. blithe + 5. jocund + 6. greensward + 7. thronged + 8. hospitality + 9. betrothal + 10. waistcoats + 11. alternately + 12. embers + 13. vibrant + 14. mingled + 15. noblest + + +XII + + 1. sonorous + 2. garlands + 3. sacred + 4. dissonant + 5. clangor + 6. convened + 7. clement + 8. grievous + 9. forfeited + 10. transported + 11. wail + 12. imprecations + 13. distorted + 14. allegiance + 15. merciless + + +XIII + + 1. chancel + 2. mien + 3. awed + 4. clamorous + 5. solemn + 6. accents + 7. vigils + 8. profane + 9. compassion + 10. assail + 11. rebuke + 12. contrition + 13. fervent + 14. translated + 15. ardor + + +XIV + + 1. mysterious + 2. splendor + 3. emblazoned + 4. ambrosial + 5. celestial + 6. charity + 7. emotion + 8. meekness + 9. gloomier + 10. tenantless + 11. haunted + 12. phantoms + 13. echoed + 14. disconsolate + 15. keenly + + +XV + + 1. confusion + 2. thither + 3. thronged + 4. imprisoned + 5. wayworn + 6. foremost + 7. inexhaustible + 8. sacred + 9. strength + 10. submission + 11. affliction + 12. procession + 13. approached + 14. wayside + 15. mischances + + +XVI + + 1. consoling + 2. haggard + 3. caresses + 4. unperturbed + 5. mortals + 6. Titan-like + 7. quivering + 8. martyr + 9. dismay + 10. anguish + 11. dawned + 12. skirt (_v._) + 13. aspect + 14. affrighted + 15. nethermost + + +XVII + + 1. overwhelmed + 2. terror + 3. wailed + 4. sultry + 5. bleak + 6. despairing + 7. extended + 8. desert + 9. extinguished + 10. consumed + 11. incomplete + 12. lingered + 13. rumor + 14. hearsay + 15. inarticulate + + +XVIII + + 1. freighted + 2. exile + 3. asunder + 4. swoon + 5. oblivious + 6. trance + 7. multitude + 8. pallid + 9. compassion + 10. landscape + 11. senses + 12. sacred + 13. glare + 14. dirges + 15. embarking + + +XIX + + 1. voyageur + 2. loyal + 3. tedious + 4. tresses + 5. serenely + 6. illumines + 7. confession + 8. enrich + 9. refreshments + 10. endurance + 11. perfected + 12. rendered + 13. labored + 14. despair + 15. essay (_v._) + + +XX + + 1. cumbrous + 2. kith + 3. kin + 4. few-acred + 5. sombre + 6. turbulent + 7. chutes + 8. emerged + 9. lagoons + 10. wimpling + 11. luxuriant + 12. perpetual + 13. citron + 14. bayou + 15. sluggish + + +XXI + + 1. corridors + 2. multitudinous + 3. reverberant + 4. mysterious + 5. grim + 6. myriads + 7. resplendent + 8. sylvan + 9. suspended + 10. moored + 11. travelers + 12. extended + 13. pendulous + 14. flitted + 15. regions + + +XXII + + 1. countenance + 2. legibly + 3. oblivion + 4. screen + 5. trance + 6. vague + 7. superstition + 8. revealed + 9. credulous + 10. reverend + 11. idle + 12. buoy + 13. betrays + 14. illusions + 15. Eden + + +XXIII + + 1. magician + 2. wand + 3. landscape + 4. mingled + 5. inexpressible + 6. delirious + 7. plaintive + 8. roaring + 9. revel + 10. frenzied + 11. Bacchantes + 12. lamentation + 13. derision + 14. prelude + 15. amber + + +XXIV + + 1. garlands + 2. mystic + 3. flaunted + 4. Yule-tide + 5. girded + 6. luxuriant + 7. spacious + 8. symbol + 9. limitless + 10. cordage + 11. arrayed + 12. adverse + 13. vent + 14. misgivings + 15. embarrassed + + +XXV + + 1. mortals + 2. renowned + 3. triumphal + 4. enraptured + 5. hilarious + 6. marvelled + 7. ci-devant + 8. domains + 9. patriarchal + 10. dispensed + 11. profusion + 12. congeals + 13. ploughshare + 14. accordant + 15. melodious + + +XXVI + + 1. entranced + 2. irrepressible + 3. devious + 4. manifold + 5. Carthusian + 6. inundate + 7. indefinable + 8. measureless + 9. marvel + 10. comet + 11. oracular + 12. annointed + 13. delicious + 14. fasting + 15. famine + + +XXVII + + 1. perpetual + 2. jagged + 3. gorge + 4. emigrant + 5. precipitate + 6. ceaseless + 7. vibrations + 8. amorphas + 9. blast + 10. blight + 11. pinions + 12. implacable + 13. scaling + 14. taciturn + 15. anchorite + + +XXIII + + 1. venison + 2. companions + 3. swarthy + 4. reverses + 5. compassion + 6. mute + 7. dissolving + 8. weird + 9. incantation + 10. phantom + 11. enchanted + 12. enchantress + 13. sombre + 14. audible + 15. indefinite + + +XXIX + + 1. towering + 2. crucifix + 3. rural + 4. chapel + 5. intricate + 6. aerial + 7. vespers + 8. swarded + 9. benignant + 10. wigwam + 11. mother-tongue + 12. chase (_n._) + 13. submissive + 14. afflicted + 15. betimes + + +XXX + + 1. interlacing + 2. mendicant + 3. granaries + 4. pillage + 5. vigorous + 6. magnet + 7. suspended + 8. fragile + 9. limitless + 10. luxuriant + 11. fragrance + 12. hue + 13. perilous + 14. divers + 15. dawn + + +XXXI + + 1. sylvan + 2. apostle + 3. balm + 4. emblem + 5. fain + 6. appease + 7. haunts + 8. molested + 9. descendants + 10. hamlets + 11. illumined + 12. transfigured + 13. abnegation + 14. diffused + 15. aroma + + +XXXIII + + 1. pestilence + 2. presaged + 3. naught + 4. brackish + 5. margin + 6. oppressor + 7. scourge + 8. splendor + 9. wending + 10. corridors + 11. intermingled + 12. assiduous + 13. pallets + 14. languid + 15. consolor + + +XXXIV + + 1. flowerets + 2. terrible + 3. anguish + 4. assume + 5. portals + 6. exhausted + 7. infinite + 8. reverberations + 9. sylvan + 10. vanished + 11. vainly + 12. humble + 13. ebbing + 14. throbbing + 15. customs + + + +Transcriber's notes: + +1. The poem has been compared with another version already on Gutenberg-- +(vngln10). Where the two disagreed, this text was carefully re-checked to +ensure the text and punctuation matched those on the scanned image. + +2. The following apparent errors in the source text were corrected: + +Poem Line 73 'bessings' changed to blessings. 346 'manoeuvre': the oe +ligature was split. 668 'goods' changed to Gods. 692 full stop added to line +end. 718 'father-confessor': hyphen added. 840 'their' changed to there. 850 +'reverened' changed to reverend. 909 'spar' changed to spars. 909 'tropcis' +changed to tropics. 1083 'rivre' changed to river. 1256 'reecho' changed to +re-echo. + +2. Line 713 has been copied and inserted from vgln10. This was missing in +the book, but was referenced in the notes; the line numbering also showed a +missing line between 710 and 715. + +3. No other (deliberate) changes have made to the poem. There remain a +number of minor word and punctuation differences between this and vngln10. + +4. Special characters. + +A number of characters used in the notes to describe pronunciation do not +exist in ASCII. The following conventions have been used to represent them: + +[=a] 'a' + Macron; ('a' with a horizontal line above). +[=o] 'o' + Macron; ('o' with a horizontal line above). +[=e] 'e' + Macron; ('e' with a horizontal line above). + +[)a] 'a' with a curved line above - like horns. +[)e] 'e' with a curved line above - like horns. + +[.a] 'a' with a single dot above + + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Evangeline, by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EVANGELINE *** + +***** This file should be named 15390.txt or 15390.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/3/9/15390/ + +Produced by John Hagerson, Kevin Handy, S.R.Ellison and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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