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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/15087-8.txt b/15087-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d1104ad --- /dev/null +++ b/15087-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1997 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and +Instruction, No. 333, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, No. 333 + Vol. 12, Issue 333, September 27, 1828 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: February 17, 2005 [EBook #15087] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the PG Online +Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + + + + + + + + * * * * * + +THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION. + +VOL. XII, NO. 333.] SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 1828. [PRICE 2d. + + * * * * * + + + + +FIRE TOWER + +[Illustration: FIRE TOWER] + + +Throughout Scotland and Ireland there are scattered great numbers of +_round towers_, which have puzzled all antiquarians. They have of +late obtained the general name of _Fire Towers_, and our engraving +represents the view of one of them, at Brechin, in Scotland. It consists +of sixty regular courses of hewn stone, of a brighter colour than the +adjoining church. It is 85 feet high to the cornice, whence rises a low, +spiral-pointed roof of stone, with three or four windows, and on the top +a vane, making 15 feet more, in all 100 feet from the ground, and +measuring 48 feet in external circumference. + +Many of these towers in Ireland vary from 35 to 100 feet. One at Ardmore +has fascię at the several stories, which all the rest both in Ireland +and Scotland, seem to want, as well as stairs, having only abutments, +whereon to rest timbers and ladders. Some have windows regularly +disposed, others only at the top. Their situation with respect to the +churches also varies. Some in Ireland stand 25 to 125 feet from the west +end of the church. The tower at Brechin is included in the S.W. angle of +the ancient cathedral, to which it communicates by a door. + +There have been numerous discussions respecting the purposes for which +these towers were built; they are generally adjoining to churches, +whence they seem to be of a religious nature. Mr. Vallencey considers +it as a settled point, that they were an appendage to the Druidical +religion, and were, in fact, _towers for the preservation of the +sacred fire[1] of the Druids or Magi_. To this Mr. Gough, in his +description of Brechin Tower,[2] raises an insuperable objection. But +they are certainly not belfries; and as no more probable conjecture has +been made on their original purpose, they are still known as _Fire +Towers._ + +For this curious relic we are indebted to Mr. Godfrey Higgins's erudite +quarto, entitled "The Celtic Druids," already alluded to at page 121 of +our present volume. + + + [1] Like the ancient Jews and Persians, the Druids had a sacred and + inextinguishable fire, which was preserved with the greatest + care. At Kildare it was guarded, from the most remote antiquity, + by an order of Druidesses, who were succeeded in later times by + an order of Christian Nuns. The fire was fed with peeled wood, + and never blown with the mouth, that it might not be polluted. + + [2] "On the west front of the tower are two arches, one within the + other in relief. On the point of the outermost is a crucifix, + and between both, towards the middle, are figures of the Virgin + Mary and St. John, the latter holding a cup with a lamb. The + outer arch is adorned with knobs, and within both is a small + slit or loop. At the bottom of the outer arch are two beasts + couchant. If one of them _by his proboscis was not evidently an + elephant_, I should suppose them the supporters of the Scotch + arms. Parallel with the Crucifix are two plain stones, which do + not appear to have had anything upon them. Here is not the least + trace of a door in these arches, nor anywhere else, except in + the church." + + * * * * * + + + + +SOME ACCOUNT OF STIRBITCH FAIR. + +BY A SEPTUAGENARIAN. + +(_For the Mirror._) + + +(Stirbitch Fair, as our correspondent observes, was once the Leipsic or +Frankfurt of England. He has appended to his "Account" a ground plan of +the fair, which we regret we have not room to insert; the gaps or spaces +in which, serve to show how much this commercial carnival (for such it +might be termed) has deteriorated; for the remaining booths were built +on the same site as during the former splendour of the fair. Our +correspondent accounts for this "decay, by the facilities of roads and +navigable canals for the conveyance of goods;" the shopkeepers, &c, +"being able to get from London and the manufacturing districts, every +article direct, at a small expense, the fair-keepers find no market for +their goods, as heretofore." His paper is, however, a curious +matter-of-fact description of Stirbitch, "sixty years since." We have +been compelled to reject all but one verse of the "Chaunt," on account +of some local allusions, the justice of which we do not deny, but which +are scarcely delicate enough for our pages. + +Stirbitch is still a festival of considerable extent, although it has +lost so much of its commercial importance. There are but few fortnight +fairs left: Portsmouth, we _recollect_, lasts 14 days, and there is +a fair held on some fine downs in Dorsetshire, which extends to that +period.) + +Stirbitch Fair is held in a large field near Barnwell, about two miles +from Cambridge, covering a space of ground upwards of two miles in +circumference. It commences on the 16th day of September, and continues +till the beginning of October, for the sale of all kinds of manufactured +and other goods, and likewise for horses. + +The etymology of the name of this fair has been much disputed. A silly +tradition has been handed down, of a pedlar who travelled from the north +to this fair, where, being very weary, he fell asleep at the only inn in +the place. A person coming into the room where he lay, the pedlar's dog +growled and woke his master, who called out, "Stir, bitch"; when the dog +seized the man by the throat, which proved to be the master of the inn, +who, to get released from the gripe of the dog, confessed his intention +was, with the aid of the ferryman who rowed him over from Chesterton, +to rob the pedlar; from which circumstance the fair ever after obtained +the name of _Stirbitch_. But a more reasonable derivation might be +found in the known custom of holding a festival on the anniversary of +the dedication of any religious foundation. There is a small and very +ancient chapel, or oratory, of Saxon architecture, still standing in +the field where the fair is kept; but to what saint dedicated, is not +recorded. I know not if a St. Ower is to be found in the calendar; if +there is, it will, by adding "wijk," or "wych," a district or boundary, +be no great stretch of invention to account for a transition from "St. +Ower wijch" to _Stirbitch_; or perhaps from a rivulet which empties +itself into the Cam at Quy-water, small streams, in some counties, being +called "stours." + +Leaving this argument, however, at the road-side chapel, we must proceed +to the fair, where the "busy hum of men" announced the approach of the +mayor and corporate body to make proclamation. First are, + + Mr. Samuel Saul, the beadle, and his + assistant, in full costume, with their + staves tipped with silver, bearing + the arms of the Corporation. + Next followed two trumpeters, in gowns, + on horseback. + Sackbut and clarionets. + The mace. + The Worshipful the Mayor, in a scarlet gown. + The Vicar of Barnwell, (formerly the + Abbot,) and other of the Clergy + and Collegians. + The Corporate Body, two and two. + The Deputy Beadle. + All the train, as above, on horseback, + robed in full costume. + + Then followed Gentlemen and Ladies in + their carriages and on horseback, + invited by the Mayor to the grand + dinner given on the occasion. + + +The proclamation was read, (heads uncovered,) first at the upper end +of the fair, next in the Mead where the pottery and coal fair were +held, and last at a little inn near the horse fair, in which place a +"Pied-poudre" court was held during the fair, for deciding disputes +between buyers and sellers, and for punishing abuses and breaches of the +peace in a summary way--stocks and a whipping-post being placed before +the door for that purpose. Here the mayor and the cavalcade partook of +some refreshment. + +Should the harvest be backward, and the corn not off the ground, the +booths, nevertheless, are erected, the farmers being, as they admit, +more than indemnified for their losses in that case, by the immense +quantity of litter, offal, and soil left on the ground after the +standings and booths are cleared away; besides which, they seize on +every thing left upon the land after a fixed day. This has sometimes +occurred, and the forfeiture of the goods and chattels so seized has +been recognised judicially as a fine for the trespass. This local +custom, sanctioned by usage from time immemorial, is without appeal. + +The booths were from 15 to 20 feet wide by 25 to 30 feet deep; they were +set out in two apartments, the one behind, about 10 feet wide, serving +for bed-room, dining-room, parlour, and dressing-room, The bedstead +was of _four posts and a lath bottom_, on which was laid a truss of +clean, dry straw, serving as a palliasse, with bed and bedding. The +front was fitted up with counters and shelves. The stubble was well +trodden into the ground; over which were laid sawdust and boards behind +and before the counters, to secure the feet from damp. The shutters, of +the space allowed for the windows, were fixed with hinges, and when let +down, rested upon brackets, serving as showboards for goods. The booths +were constructed of new boards, with gutters for carrying the rain off, +and covered with stout hair cloth, with which also a covering was made +to an arcade in front, about 10 feet wide. Under this the company +walked, protected from rain or the heat of the sun. + +The proclamation being made, the clamour and din from the trumpets, +drums, gongs, and other noisy instruments, began. The road from +Cambridge was actually covered with post-chaises, hackney-coaches from +London, gigs, and carts, which brought visiters to the fair from +Jesus-lane, in Cambridge, at sixpence each. As soon as you passed the +village of Barnwell, your attention was attracted by flags streaming +from the show-booths, suttling-booths, &c.; whilst your ears were +stunned with the "harsh discord" of a thousand Stentorian bawlers, and +the clang of jarring instruments of music. The show-booths were the +first on entering the fair, being situated on the north side of the high +road. Here were three companies of players, viz. the Norwich company, a +very large booth; Mrs. Baker's, whose clown, Lewy Owen, was "a fellow of +infinite jest and merriment;" and Bailey's. The latter had formerly been +a merchant, and was the compiler of a Directory which bore his name, and +was a work of some celebrity and great utility. Fronting these were the +fruit and gingerbread stands. On the opposite side of the road stood the +cheese fair, attended by dealers from all parts, and where many tons' +weight changed hands in a few days, some for the London market, by the +factors from thence; and such cheeses as were brought from Gloucester, +Cheshire, and Wiltshire, and not made elsewhere, were purchased by the +dealers and farmers of Norfolk, Suffolk, and Essex. Opposite the cheese +fair, on the north side of the road, stood the small chapel, which was +then used as a warehouse for wool, hops, seed, and leather[3]. Here were +the wool-staplers, hop-factors, leather-sellers, and seedsmen. The range +of booths in the front were for glovers, leather-breeches makers, +saddlers, and other dealers in leather. Opposite to this, at the end of +the line of show-booths, Garlick-row commenced; the first range being +occupied by hardwaremen, silversmiths, jewellers, and fine ironmongery. +The next range was the row of mercers and linen-drapers, where a draper +from Holborn had a stock of not less than 5,000_l_. value. The next +range of booths was occupied by stuff-merchants, hosiers, lacemen, +milliners, and furriers; here one vender has been known to receive from +1,000_l_. to 1,200_l_. for Norwich and Yorkshire goods. A lace-dealer +from Tavistock-street likewise attended here with a stock of 2,000_l_. +value, together with many other respectable tradesmen, with goods +according to the London fashion. Then followed the ladies and gentlemen's +shoe-makers, hatters, and perfumers; and next to the inn was an +extensive store of oils, colours, and pickles, kept by an oilman from +Limehouse, whose returns were seldom less than 2,000_l_. during the +fair; and the father of the writer of this article, who attended the +fair during forty years, usually brought away from 1,200_l_. to +1,500_l_. for goods sold and paid for on the spot, exclusive of those +sold on credit to respectable dealers, farmers, and gentry. On the +outside of the inn were temporary stables for baiting the horses +belonging to the visiters. The carriages were drawn up in the fields +in a line with the stables or standings for the horses. + +Next was the oyster fair; the oysters from Lynn, called the Lynn +channel, were the size of a horse's hoof, and were opened with a pair of +pincers. At the bottom, in the Mead, next the river, was the coal fair; +opposite which were the pottery and fine Staffordshire wares. Returning +to and opposite the oyster fair was the horse fair, held on the Friday +in the week after the proclamation. The show of beautiful animals here +was, perhaps, unrivalled by any fair in the empire; the choicest hunters +and racers from Yorkshire, muscular and bony draught-horses from Suffolk +and every other breeding county, drew together dealers and gentlemen +from all quarters, so that many hundreds of valuable animals changed +masters in the space of twelve hours. Higher up was Dockrell's +coffee-house and tavern, spacious and well stored with excellent +accommodations. About 200 yards onward was Ironmonger-row, where the +dealers from Sheffield, Birmingham, Wolverhampton, and other parts, +kept large stocks of all sorts of iron and tin wares, agricultural +implements, and tools of every description. About 20 yards from them, +westward, and bordering on the road, were slop-sellers, dealers in +haubergs, wagoners' frocks, and other habiliments for ploughmen; and +next, the Hatters'-row. Behind Garlick-row, next the show booths, stood +the basket fair, where were sold rakes for haymakers, scythe-hafts, and +other implements of husbandry, of which one dealer has been known to +sell a wagon-load or two. + +Having now made the promenade of the fair, let us step into one of +the suttling booths. The principal booth was the Robin Hood, behind +Garlick-row, which was fitted up with a good sized kitchen, detached +from a long room and parlour. Here were tables covered with baize, and +settles of common boards covered with matting. The roof covering was of +hair cloth, the same as the shops, but not boarded. + +When a new-comer or fresh man arrived to keep the fair, he was required +to submit to the ceremony of christening, as it was called, which was +performed as follows:--On the night following the horse-fair day, which +was the principal day of the whole fair, a select party occupied the +parlour of the Robin Hood, or some other suttling booth, to which the +novice was introduced, as desirous of being admitted a member, and of +being initiated. He was then required to choose two of the company as +sponsors, and being placed in an arm-chair, his shoes were taken off, +and his head uncovered. The officiator, vested in a cantab's gown and +cap, with a book in one hand and a bell in the other, with a verger on +each side, robed, and holding staves (alias broomsticks) and candles, +preceded by the suttler, bearing a bowl of punch, entered the parlour, +and demanded "If there was an infidel present?" Being answered, "Yes," +he asked, "What did he require?" Answer. "To be initiated." _Q._ +"Where are the oddfathers?" _R._ "Here we are." He then proceeded +as follows:-- + + + (_Plain chant_.) + + "Over thy head I ring this bell, + [_Rings the bell_, + Because thou art an infidel, + And such I know thee by thy smell. + + CHORUS. + + With a hoccius proxius mandamus, + Let no vengeance light on him, + And so call upon him." + + +Supper was then served up, at the moderate charge of one shilling +a head, exclusive of beer and liquors. The cloth being cleared, the +smokers ranged themselves round the fire, and kept up the meeting with +mirth and harmony, till all retired and were lulled to anticipating +dreams of the profits of the coming day, to which they woke with the +sun, cheerful and unenvious of each other's success. Such was Stirbitch +fair some sixty years ago, as witnessed by + +Your constant reader, + +[Greek: Sźnua] + + + [3] A church or chapel is generally to be found throughout the whole + Christian world near a ferry, to which the passenger went to + propitiate the Deity before embarking, and to express his + gratitude when safely arrived. + + + * * * * * + + + + +NOTES ON NORTHERN LITERATURE. + +(_For the Mirror_.) + + +Tordenskiold is a name frequently met with in the annals of Denmark. +A singular anecdote is connected with one of the bravest individuals +who ever bore the name--the renowned Admiral Tordenskiold, of the days +of Frederick IV. While he was yet a young and undistinguished naval +officer, he chanced to be in the hall of the royal palace at the time +that the king, wearied with the flatteries of some courtiers, who were +congratulating him on the success of his war with Sweden, exclaimed, +"Ay, I know what you will say, but I should like to know the opinion of +the Swedes themselves." Tordenskiold slipped unobserved from the royal +palace, hurried to his ship, set sail, and was in an hour on the coast +of Sweden. The first sight that caught his eye on landing was a bridal +procession. Hastily seizing bride, bridegroom, minister, peasants, and +all, he hurried them aboard, and returned to Denmark. Two hours had +scarcely elapsed from the moment of the king's expressing his wish, +when Tordenskiold, stepping from the crowd of courtiers who surrounded +his majesty, informed him that he had now an excellent opportunity of +gratifying his wishes, as Swedes of every class of society were in +waiting. The astonished monarch, who had not yet missed the young +captain from the hall, demanded his meaning; and on being informed of +the adventure, summoned the captives to his presence. After gratifying +his curiosity, he dismissed them with a handsome present, and ordered +them to be conveyed back to Sweden. The promptness of young Tordenskiold +was not forgotten, and he speedily rose to the high admiralship of +Denmark, a post which he filled with more glory than any other of his +countrymen, either before or since. + + * * * * * + + +The memoirs of Lewis Holberg, which have lately appeared in English, are +remarkably curious and interesting. It is not generally known, that this +celebrated writer, the Moliere of Denmark, was educated at Oxford, +whither he repaired penniless, to secure a good education. + + * * * * * + + +Holberg, Samsoe, and Oehlenschlager are the three dramatic luminaries of +Denmark. The best production of Samsoe is the play of _Dyveke_, +produced a few days after his death. Such was the enthusiasm it excited, +that the following epitaph was proposed to be inscribed on his tomb, in +the public cemetery of Copenhagen:-- + + "Here lies Samsoe; + He wrote _Dyveke_ and died." + + + * * * * * + +The best poet that Sweden has ever produced is Esaias Tegner, the bishop +of Wexio, now living. His first production was _Axel_, a short poem +on the adventures of one of those pages of Charles XII. who were sworn +to a single life, to be entirely devoted to the fortunes of war. He has +struck out great interest by plunging this hero in love, and painting +the conflicts between his passion and his reverence for his oath. The +words have been translated into Danish, German, and English. The latter +translation appeared in _Blackwood's Magazine._ Although the Danish +language is so akin to the Swedish, that translation is the worst of +the three. It is said that this poem procured Tegner the bishoprick of +Wexio. A singular circumstance is connected with it. A German literary +gentleman was so delighted with the version of it in his own language, +that he actually studied Swedish for the sole purpose of reading it in +the original. + +A compliment like this has rarely been paid, as the poem does not +contain more than about a thousand lines. Since then, Tegner has written +a poem, entitled _Frethioff's Sage_ founded on one of the wild and +singular traditions of the North. It has been more popular than even +_Axel_, and the announcement of a third poem from the same hand, +said to outdo all former efforts, excites the greatest interest in +Stockholm. + + * * * * * + + +Novels have only been introduced within these few years in Denmark. +Ingemann is their most successful manufacturer. His last production is +entitled _Valdemar Seier_, or Waldemar the victorious. The Danes +have translations of Sir Walter Scott and Cooper. + + * * * * * + + +It is supposed there are not above three persons in Copenhagen who +cannot speak German. Oehlenschlager, the best modern author of Denmark, +writes equally well in German and Danish. + +ANGLO-SVECUS. + + * * * * * + + + + +PLEASURES OF SNUFF-TAKING. + + + Let some the joys of Bacchus praise, + The vast delights which he conveys, + And pride them in their wine; + Let others choose the nice _morceau_, + The piquant joys of feasting know, + But other gifts are mine. + + Give me, ye gods, my quantum suff. + Of Grimstone's or Gillespie's snuff-- + These are the sorts I crave; + Defend me from the Lundyfoot, + 'Tis to my nostrils worse than soot, + And from the Irish save. + + Your Prince's Mixture I despise, + It clogs the head and dims the eyes-- + The nose rejects such burden; + Sure 'tis the critic's vast delight, + So dull and stupidly they write, + I call for witness ----. + + Oh! where shall I for courage fly? + Or what restorative apply? + A pinch be my resource; + Perchance the French are not polite, + And with my country wish to fight, + Then I must grieve perforce; + + Or, if with doubt the bosom heaves. + The heart for Grecian sorrows grieves, + And pines to see them fail. + Such critics sometimes court the muse, + And I perchance the rhymes peruse, + Then heaves the breast with pain. + + To soothe the mind in such an hour, + A pinch of snuff has ample power-- + One pinch--all's well again. + A pinch of snuff delights again, + And makes me view with great disdain, + And soothes my patriot grief. + + Thus for the list of human woes, + The pangs each mortal bosom knows, + I find in snuff relief: + It makes me feel less sense of sorrow, + When modern bards their verses borrow, + And soothes my patriot grief. + + Then let me sing the praise of snuff-- + Give me, ye gods, I pray, enough-- + Let others boast their wine; + Let some prefer the nice _morceau_ + And piquant joys of feasting know, + The bliss of snuff be mine. + + + * * * * * + + + + +ODE ON A COLLEGE FEAST DAY. + +(_For the Mirror._) + + + Hark! hear ye not yon footsteps dread + That shook the hall with thundering tread? + With eager haste, + The fellows past. + Each intent on direful work. + High lifts the mighty blade and points the deadly fork! + + But hark! the portals sound and pacing forth, + With steps, alas! too slow, + The college gips of high illustrious worth + With all the dishes in long order go; + In the midst, a form divine, + Appears the fam'd Sir-loin; + And soon with plums and glory crown'd, + A mighty pudding sheds its sweets around. + Heard ye the din of dinner bray? + Knife to fork, and fork to knife: + Unnumber'd heroes through the glorious strife, + Through fish, flesh, pies, and puddings cut their destin'd way. + + See, beneath the mighty blade, + Gor'd with many a ghastly wound, + Low the fam'd Sir-loin is laid, + And sinks in many a gulph profound. + Arise, arise, ye sons of glory, + Pies and puddings stand before ye; + See, the ghosts of hungry bellies + Point at yonder stand of jellies; + While such dainties are beside ye. + Snatch the goods the gods provide ye: + Mighty rulers of this state, + Snatch before it be too late, + For, swift as thought, the puddings, jellies, pies, + Contract their giant bulks, and shrink to pigmy size. + + From the table now retreating, + All around the fire they meet, + And, with wine, the sons of eating, + Crown, at length, the mighty treat: + Triumphant plenty's rosy graces + Sparkle in their jolly faces: + And mirth and cheerfulness are seen + In each countenance serene. + Fill high the sparkling glass, + And drink the accustom'd toast; + Drink deep, ye mighty host, + And let the bottle pass. + Begin, begin, the jovial strain, + Fill, fill, the mystic bowl, + And drink, and drink, and drink again, + For drinking fires the soul + + But soon, too soon, with one accord they reel + Each on his seat begins to nod. + All conquering Bacchus' power they feel, + And pour libations to the jolly god. + At length with dinner, and with wine oppressed, + Down in their chairs they sink, and give themselves to rest. + +HUGH DELMORE. + + + * * * * * + + + + + +THE TOPOGRAPHER + +VISIT TO MATLOCK BATHS. + +(_For the Mirror._) + + +It was on a fine evening in autumn, when the rays of departing day began +to glimmer in the west, and twilight had just spread her dusky gloom. +All was silent, save the low rushing of the Derwent stream, purling its +way through dense groves, and winding round the stupendous rock of +_Matlock's Vale._ As I paced along, the grave, sombre hue of evening +fell full on the rocks, which rose in magnificent grandeur, and seemed +to look with contempt on all around them. These beauties, combined with +the gray tint of the stone, the cawing of the rooks, which nestle in +the crevices and underwood, with now and then the screeching of the +night-owl,--were such as would make the most cold and indifferent +acknowledge the delight to be enjoyed in the silent walks of nature. + +Perhaps among all the varied scenery in the north of England, none is +more sublime than that of Matlock; whose romantic range, interspersed +with some of the finest touches of art, forms an interesting contrast. +The road from the village to the Baths is as diversified as sublime. +It is situated in the bosom of a deep vale; here, on one side, rocks +or crags, tower above you to the height of two hundred feet; at the base +they form, a graceful slant, which is covered with thick, clustering +foliage. On the summit, verdure is seen; and sometimes sheep, +unconscious of their danger, will stray, and nip the grass from the +very edge. Beneath flows the river Derwent, now, in rapid, though +solemn state, reminding us of the peaceful stream of life--but only in +fictitious calm, luring on to its more ruffled scenes; next, a rushing +noise reminds you a cataract is near, which, combined with the rustling +of the foliage by the breeze, wakens the mind to gratifying +contemplation. The other side is bounded by immense hills, which have a +gradual ascent. Along the regular connexion of the road are cottages, +whose symmetry adds the charm of artificial embellishment to this +luxuriant display of nature. Here you perceive a sumptuous villa; +a little farther, a simple cot, where nature has displayed her +master-hand: but the most charming group is where three rows of cottages +rise in regular succession towards the summit of the hill, their gardens +contrasting with the barren appearance of their opposite neighbours. +These delightful scenes alternate until your arrival at the Baths. + +The Baths are situated about one mile from the village of Matlock, and +are a collection of lodging-houses, which, during the summer season, are +usually occupied. The baths are filled by springs, which issue in great +abundance from limestone rocks; the water is exceedingly clear, and +bears a temperature of 68° Fahrenheit. Here are the wells which produce +the petrifactions; any substance placed in them being, in the course of +a few months, covered with stone. Visiters are in the habit of leaving +various articles, which, by the ensuing season, thus become incrusted. +Birds' nests with eggs in them, baskets, shoes, &c. &c. are among the +articles which may be seen here. + +Matlock abounds with subterraneous caverns, which excite the surprise +and admiration of strangers. These are entered by a passage, formed +with immense labour through the solid rock. In the interior you are +surrounded by brilliant crystallizations, various kinds of metallic +ores, spars, &c., with petrifactions hanging from the roof, pendent as +icicles. The roofs of the numerous caves are of different descriptions; +some have the appearance of arches formed by the hand of man, others +appear to be immense masses of rock, which have fallen into their +present situation by chance, or through some violent convulsion of the +earth, by which they have been disjointed and separated. In several of +them there are fine springs of limpid water. Here are likewise several +productive lead mines. + +At the Museum the most interesting productions of the Peak are to be +seen. Many of the specimens are manufactured into vases, copied from the +antique. Besides the natural productions of the place, there are a great +variety of fine alabaster vases from Florence, with statues of various +kinds of Italian marble. Immediately facing the museum are the gardens, +called the Museum Gardens, in which are several grottoes, curiously +ornamented. Perched upon a rock, just at the entrance, is a fine +venerable hawk, of the bustard species, which was winged about four +years ago, and took its station there, from which spot it rarely moves. + +The Botanical Gardens, belonging to Mr. Bownes, are much visited, and +contain nearly seven hundred indigenous plants. They are situated along +the rise of the hill, known by the name of the Heights of Abraham, from +the summit of which can be enjoyed the most extensive views of the +scenery round Matlock. + +About half a mile from Matlock Baths is situated Willersley Castle, +the seat of R. Arkwright, Esq., built by his father, the late Sir +R. Arkwright. No spot could be more happily chosen for the site of a +mansion than than of Willersley. By the liberality of Mr. A. strangers +are admitted to the grounds, gardens, &c.; after passing through which, +you reach the summit of the hills, which immediately face the Old and +New Baths. This range of rocks is variously named; one, called the +Lover's Leap, is a most terrific height. After winding by a circuitous +route, you are led to the Lover's Walk, which is a shady path +immediately at the base. Here lovers may in + + "Sweet retirement court the shade." + + +In passing through one of the caverns, our guide, after describing to +us the various places, in general had a comment to make; one I well +remember. The solemnity of the situation, and stupendous grandeur of +the cave, struck me with mournful awe. At one part of the cave there was +a large hole or well, surrounded by a wooden railing, which our guide +informed us was fathomless. A party passing through the cavern, in the +full buoyancy of youth, after having expressed their surprise and +admiration at the wonders of the place, were preparing to retire, when +this spot was mentioned to them. Anxious to see all the curiosities, +they returned to this, when one of the party, in a playful mood, placed +his hands upon the shoulders of a young lady, and gently pushed her +forward. Somewhat terrified, she uttered a scream, but finding herself +unhurt, she endeavoured to turn round, when, horrible to relate, the +railing gave way, and she was precipitated into the abyss. Picture to +yourselves, if possible, the consternation caused by this dreadful +occurrence. The alarm was given, ropes, &c. provided, a man immediately +lowered, but all their efforts were ineffectual, for the body was never +discovered. + +M.S.P. + + * * * * * + + + + +STEAKS. + +People who want to enjoy a steak should eat it with shalots and +tarragon. Mr. Cobbett says, an orthodox clergyman once told him that he +and six others once ate some beef-steaks with shalots and tarragon, and +that they "voted unanimously, that beef-steaks never were so eaten +before." + + * * * * * + + + + +FINE ARTS. + + * * * * * + +THE CAT RAPHAEL. + + +Gottfried Mind was born at Bern, in the year 1768. His father, but a +short time before, had come in the capacity of joiner and form-cutter +into Switzerland from Lipsich, in Upper Hungary, and had fixed his abode +at Warblaufen, a village near Bern, where he was chiefly employed for +the paper-manufactory of one Herr Gruner, and soon after his arrival +purchased the freedom of Pizif, in the Waadtland. Young Mind, on account +of his weak constitution of body, was in great measure left to himself, +perhaps in the hope of making him healthier and stronger by the cheap +and easy means of idle running about. Herr Gruner was a lover of art; +during summer he had a German artist, named Legel, in his house, a +talented and active man, who often, in country excursions, drew +buildings and cattle from nature. This excited the attention of young +Mind in some of his idle rambles: he followed Legel every where, and +watched him while he worked. Legel, touched with compassion for the poor +boy, showed him what he was engaged with, or what he had already +finished; and, in the end, would take him along with him in his walks, +or amuse him in his own apartment with exhibitions of prints. In +particular, he allowed the boy, as often as he liked, to turn over +Ridinger's Animals, of which Herr Gruner had a collection; and some of +these Mind was not long in trying to imitate with the lead pencil, +preferring above all lions, which continued long his favourite animals. +These attempts Legel from time to time corrected, and, from less to +more, the youngster at length ventured to copy from nature, like his +master, and to draw some sheep, goats, and _cats_. + +His father, the joiner, however, thought that to draw on paper was +nothing, and wood was the only material on which it was worth one's +pains to work. Accordingly, whenever the boy asked paper for drawing, he +threw him a bit of wood; so that Gottfried was fain to try also cutting +animals in wood, an art in which he speedily attained such dexterity, +that, by degrees, his wooden sheep and goats came to ornament all the +presses and mantel-pieces in the village. Occasionally, too, he tried +drawing likenesses of some peasant boys of Worblaufen, or carving them +in wood; and these attempts were not unsuccessful. + +It is unknown on whose recommendation Mind, in his eighth year, was +placed at the academy for poor children, which Pestalozzi had previously +instituted at Neuenhof, near Bern, Aargau; but, in the year 1778, we +find, in the authentic account of that institution, published by the +Economic Society of Bern, the following short and somewhat clumsily +expressed notice:--"Friedly Mynth of Bossi (Mind of Pizy), of the +bailliwick of Aubonne, resident in Worblaufen, very weak, incapable of +hard work, full of talent for drawing, a strange creature, full of +artist-caprices, along with a certain roguishness: drawing is his whole +employment: a year and a half here: ten years old." Neither do we know +how long he remained at this academy; somewhere between the years 1780 +and 1785, he came to the painter, Sigmund Hendenberger, at Bern, a man +who had formed himself mostly at Paris in the Boucher school, but +afterwards rather inclined to Greuze's style, and who, by his painting +of Swiss family pieces, had acquired a considerable sum of money, and +a reputation not undeserved. With this person Mind learnt his art of +drawing, and colouring with water-colours, &c. but nothing more; in all +the other branches of human knowledge he remained at the lowest grade; +for he could with difficulty be made to write his name, and he had not +the slightest idea of arithmetic. Thus, for example:--once, when he had +to pay the postman six kreuzers for a letter, and Madame Freudenberger +gave him the money in two silver pieces, he positively refused to take +them and carry them down, affirming that two pieces were not enough; +and, though his mistress assured him that these were equal in value to +six kreuzers, still he persisted in his refusal, and went on grumbling +until the six kreuzers, one by one, were counted into his hand. This +ignorance and helplessness his master was not slow to take advantage of, +so that poor Mind never once thought of looking about him for a better +place. From his entrance into Freudenberger's house up to the time of +his death, there is nothing to tell of him except that he spent his +whole life on the selfsame stool, busied in colouring Freudenberger's +sheets so long as he was alive, and, after his death, in drawing and +painting, after his own fancy, bears, cats, and children at play, for +the benefit of the widow, with the same pitiful day's wages which he had +formerly received from his master. Many artists, after Freudenberger's +death, would gladly have taken poor Mind into their service, but, like +his beloved cats, he was so attached to the house, to his corner and its +appurtenances, that he constantly turned a deaf ear to such proposals; +and, at last, when Madame Freudenberger began to notice that the people +wished to buy away her Friedli from her, she would not let them come +near him; and only at rare times, and by way of special favour, allowed +a few acquaintances, whom she could depend on, to visit him in her +presence. She used, for the most part, to sit beside him herself, with +her knitting implements, spurring him on to work. When he had to copy +any of his drawings, he usually sketched the outline of them against the +glass of the window; and if, on these occasions, it chanced that some +boy, cat, dog, or other street passenger he might think worth looking +at, withdrew his eye for a moment from the work, his taskmistress failed +not to squall forth--"Gaping out again! Not a bit of work done all day! +Sit down with thee! Mind thy paper, and give over spying!" How meanly +he was kept in regard to clothing--how he had to sleep, for his life +long, in a child's bed, far too short for him, for want of a straw +mattress--and how, under such continual toil and miserable constraint, +he at last sank, and died of water in the chest, it is now needless to +say or to lament. We turn, rather, to the more pleasing contemplation of +what Mind, in this most unfavourable situation, nevertheless succeeded +in performing, and rendering himself as an artist. + +Mind's special talent for representing cats was discovered and awakened +by chance.[4] It was not till after Freudenberger's death that Mind +fully developed his peculiar talent for the objects to which, +subsequently, through his whole life, he applied himself with such +special affection, and which, accordingly, he succeeded in representing +with such fidelity and truth. The condition of peasant children, their +sorrows and joys, their sports and bickerings--the coarse insolence of +the richer, the timid dispiritment of the needy, all stood in lively +remembrance before his fancy, which liked to go back into that first and +only period of his freedom, though, perhaps, also of his beggarhood. +In Freudenberger's school he had learned a natural, easy, and +comprehensible arrangement of little groups, and a neat, dainty manner, +in which wise it was no difficult task for him to represent such scenes +with truth and grace. Thus we find these pictures of his, which, for +the most part, are painted on small sheets, his sports, banterings, +quarrellings, sledge-parties of children, with their half-frozen but +still merry faces, in their puffy yet not unpicturesque costume; his +beggar-boys, with their rag-ware on their backs, are almost always +genial and pleasing. In the course of his narrow, in-doors life, he +had worked himself into a friendly, nay, as it were, almost paternal +relation with domestic and fire-side animals, especially with cats. +While he sat painting, a cat might generally be seen sitting on his back +or on his shoulder; and many times he kept, for hours, the most awkward +postures, that he might not disturb it. Frequently there was a second +cat sitting by him on the table, watching how the work went on; +sometimes a kitten or two lay in his lap under the table. Frogs (in +bottle) floated beside his easel; and with all these creatures he kept +up a most playful, loving style of conversation; though, often enough, +any human beings about him, or such even as came to see him, were +growled or grunted at in no social fashion. His countenance, especially +in latter years, was a mixture of the bear's, the lion's, and the human, +for most part of a dull brick-colour; so that many people, particularly +children, were afraid to look at him. In figure he was very small, and +bent; but, at the same time, had hands and fingers of extraordinary +size and coarseness, with which, nevertheless, he produced the cleanest +and prettiest drawings. His chief diligence and most careful elegance +he brought to work in the painting of his beloved cats. In right +delineation of their forms he had the art to seize the general nature +of this animal, and, in the portrait-like indication of their various +physiognomies, to reflect the specific character of each. The +sycophantic look full of falseness, the dainty movements of the kittens, +several of which are sometimes painted sporting round their dam--all +this, in the most multifarious postures, turns, groups, sports, and +quarrels, is depicted with a true observance to nature,--nay, one might +say with genius and fidelity. + +On Sundays and winter nights, Mind, by way of pastime, used, out of +dried, wild chestnuts, to carve little cats, bears, and other beasts, +and this with so much art that these little dainty toys were shortly in +no less request than his drawings. It is a pity that insects, such as +frequently exist in the interior of chestnuts, have already destroyed so +many of these carvings. + +At the _Barengraben_ (bear-yard) in Bern, where a few live bears +are always to be seen, Mind passed many a happy hour; and, between the +beasts and him there seemed to prevail a singularly confidential +feeling. The moment Friedli--such was the name Mind was best known by in +Bern--made his appearance, the bears hastened towards him with friendly +grumbling, stationed themselves on their hind feet, and received, +impartially, each a piece of bread or an apple out of his pocket. For +this reason, bears, next to cats, were a favourite subject of his art; +and he reckoned himself, not unjustly, better able to delineate these +animals than even celebrated painters have been. Moreover, next to his +intercourse with living cats and bears, Mind's greatest joy was in +looking at objects of art, especially copper-plates, in which, too, +animal figures gave him most satisfaction. + +Herr Sigmund Wagner, of Bern, who possesses a choice collection of +copper-plates, frequently invited Mind, on winter Sunday evenings, to +his house, and would then show him his volumes. While Herr Wagner might +be writing, reading, or drawing, Mind, grumbled to himself half-aloud, +made his remarks on each sheet, and frequently gave a true, stubborn, +rugged judgment even on the most celebrated masters, especially on +pictures of animals; for, among these, nothing pleased him but the lions +of Rubens, of Rembrandt, and Potter, and the stags of Kidinger; the +other animals of the latter he declared to be falsely drawn. Even the +most applauded cats of Cornelius Vischer and Wenzel Hollar could not +obtain his approbation. After such picture-reviewing he used to drink +tea with Herr Wagner; and it seemed as if the baked ware presented +therewith was somewhat to his taste. Such evenings were, to a certain +extent, his heaven upon earth; nevertheless, he sometimes replied to +Herr Wagner's invitation with a "could not come--his Busi (puss) was +sick--he must stay with her." Another time he signified "that Busi was +like to have kittens to-day, and so it was impossible to leave her." + +Mind seldom drew from Nature; at most he did it with a few strokes. His +conception was so strong, that whatever he had once strictly observed, +stamped itself so firmly in his memory that, on his return home, and +often a considerable time afterwards, he could represent it with entire +fidelity. On such occasions he would look now and then, as it were, into +himself; and when at these moments, he lifted his head, his eyes had +something dreamy in them. + +An increasing disorder in the breast had put him past all exertion for +the space of a year; and, on the 17th of November, 1814, a paroxysm of +his malady carried him off, in the 46th year of his age. + +_Foreign Review_. + + [4] See "Painting Cats," page 190. + + * * * * * + + +THE COLISEUM, REGENT'S PARK, + +Will be opened in about four months. Our readers are aware that it +will present a _Panoramic View of London_, taken from the dome of +St. Paul's Cathedral, and imitated in a bungling manner in a recent +pantomime at Covent Garden Theatre. The picture covers 40,000 square +feet, or nearly an acre of canvass; the dome of the building on which +the sky is painted, is 30 feet more in diameter than the cupola of +St. Paul's; and the circumference of the horizon visible from the +point of view, is nearly 130 miles. "The _Coliseum_" is evidently +a misnomer, since the building is very similar to the _Pantheon_ at +Rome; but we perceive by a letter from the proprietor, that its proper +designation is the "_Colosseum_." + + * * * * * + + +MR. HAYDON + +Has just finished a companion to his admirable picture of the _Mock +Election in the King's Bench_, viz. the _Chairing of the Members_. +The first-mentioned is now in the king's collection at Windsor. + + * * * * * + + + + + +NOTES OF A READER + + * * * * * + +THE JEWS. + + +The undeviating and uniform identity of the features and general +character of countenance, which accompany the Jews, wherever they +settle, is one of the most curious phenomena in nature; climate and all +those physical circumstances belonging to localities, which work such +wonderful changes in the physical character of man, appear to have no +influence upon the tribe of Israel. The circumcised of Monmouth-street +is as like that of Judea-Gape, in Frankfort, as two individuals of the +same nation can be; let them be by birth and residence German, English, +Russian, Portuguese, or Polish, still the one and only set of features +belonging to the race will be seen equally in all.--_Granville's, +Tour_. + + * * * * * + + +FRENCH MUSIC. + +About the year 1760, Piccini, who was the Rossini of his day, was called +to Paris to reform the grand opera. The French, roused by the elegant +tirades of Rousseau, and the piquant witticisms of all the foreigners +who visited Paris, began to conceive it possible that their music was +not the finest in the world. The reform which Piccini introduced, was +however, but partial, and the French insisted on having Italian music +adapted to French words. They have still an opera of their own; but +nothing can be more noisy, or less harmonious than the music at the +Académie Royale--all tumult, glitter, and show. There is no ballet, +except that incidental to the opera; but in scenery and machinery they +surprise the English visiter. The French military bands too are equally +discordant; so fond are they of drums, that they seem to have converted +the tympana of their ears into parchment. + + * * * * * + + +MATHEMATICS. + +We consider it quite possible to bring down to ordinary capacities even +the truths of pure mathematics, by the substitution of a less general +and precise species of evidence. We have ourselves made the attempt, and +hence we are satisfied of its entire practicability. Into what a small +space would the useful and practical truths of geometry be reduced, were +we to dispense with the auxiliary propositions which are required merely +to complete the rigid process of demonstration. How simple, for example, +would be the doctrine of parallel lines!--_Foreign Review_. + + * * * * * + + +THE SOUTH SEAS. + +The government of the United States are fitting out a commercial +expedition to explore the South Seas. The vessels are to stay long +enough to complete the necessary inquiries, to ensure the safety of the +traders, and to give time for the establishment and consolidation of +relations of reciprocal utility. The advantages which it is evident +America must derive from this undertaking will, it is supposed, not cost +more than 50,000 dollars--_Lit. Gaz._ + + * * * * * + + +THE OPERA. + +Rousseau defines the opera to be a dramatic, lyrical, and scenic +representation, in which agreeable sensations are conveyed by the +combined effect of all the fine arts, the poetry and action being +addressed to the mind, the music to the ear, and the scenic decorations +to the eye of the spectator. + + * * * * * + + +PICTURESQUE DRESSES IN SPANISH MARKETS. + +On entering Madrid by the gate of Toledo, or the Place de la Cenada, +where the market is held, nothing is more striking than the confused +mass of people from the country and provinces. There a Castilian draws +around him with dignity the folds of his ample cloak, like a Roman +senator in his toga. Here a cowherd from La Mancha, with his long goad +in his hand, clad in a kilt of ox-skin, whose antique shape bears some +resemblance to the tunic worn by the Roman and Gothic warriors. Farther +on may be seen men with their hair confined in long nets of silk. Others +wearing a kind of short brown vest, striped with blue and red, conveying +the idea of Moorish garb. The men who wear this dress come from +Andalusia. + + * * * * * + + +HYMN. + + + I praised the earth, in beauty seen, + With garlands gay of various green; + I praised the sea, whose ample field + Shone glorious as a silver shield, + And earth and ocean seemed to say, + "Our beauties are but for a day." + + I praised the sun, whose chariot roll'd + On wheels of amber and of gold; + I praised the moon, whose softer eye + Gleamed sweetly through the summer sky; + And moon and sun in answer said, + "Our days of light are numbered." + + Oh God, oh good beyond compare! + If thus thy meaner works are fair! + If thus thy bounties gild the span + Of ruined earth, and sinful man; + How glorious must the mansion be + Where thy redeem'd shall dwell with thee! + + + * * * * * + + +MECHANICAL TRIUMPHS. + +To those interested in the mechanical sciences, and their application to +manufactures and the arts, England offers larger scope of observation +than any other country in the world. Throughout the vast establishments +of our cotton, woollen, linen, silk, and hardware manufactures, there +is even less to create astonishment in the multitude and variety of +the products, than in the exquisite perfection of the machinery +employed--machinery, such in kind, that it seems almost to usurp the +functions of human intelligence. No one can conceive its completeness, +who has not witnessed the workings of the power-loom, or seen the +mechanism by which the brute power of steam is made to effect the most +minute and delicate processes of tambouring. Nor can any one adequately +comprehend the mighty agency of the steam-engine, who has not viewed the +machinery of some of our mining districts, where it is employed on a +scale of magnitude and power unequalled elsewhere. In Cornwall,[5] +especially, steam-engines may be seen working with a thousand horse +power, and capable (according to a usual mode of estimating their +perfection as machinery) of raising nearly 50,000,000 pounds of water +through the space of a foot, by the combustion of a single bushel of +coals. No Englishman, especially if destined to public life, can fitly +be ignorant of these great works and operations of art which are going +on around him; and if time can be afforded in general education for +Paris, Rome, and Florence, time is also fairly due to Glasgow, +Manchester, Leeds, Birmingham, and Sheffield.--_Q. Rev._ + + + [5] It is a remarkable proof of the amount of improvement effected + in some of the Cornish steam engines, that the result obtained + from a given quantity of coal, estimated in the manner alluded + to above, is nearly three times as great now as it was twenty + years ago. Nor will the spectator find more cause for + astonishment in the magnitude of these engines, than in the + order, or even beauty, of every minute part pertaining to them. + The furniture of a drawing-room is not more scrupulously + arranged, or preserved in a state of higher polish, than are + those huge representatives of human power. + + * * * * * + + +LEARNING FRENCH. + +Fashion dominates in this, as in other things. Of late its dictation has +been to cradle children in French; often, even to prohibit English in +the nursery and school-room; and, frequently, at a later time, to detach +our youth from their own country, for the sake of forwarding the same +object in foreign _pensions_, or schools. We have seen this fashion +extending itself to more mature life; and serious and discreet men, +senators and judges, toiling painfully through elements, vocabularies, +and rules of pronunciation, to acquire an amount of speech sufficient to +attract ridicule, and produce inconvenience, but very inadequate to any +useful or ornamental purpose.--_Ibid._ + + * * * * * + + +POOR-MAN-OF-MUTTON + +Is a term applied to the remains of a shoulder of mutton, which, after +it has done its regular duty as a roast at dinner, makes its appearance +as a broiled bone at supper, or upon the next day. + +The late Earl of B., popularly known by the name of _Old Rag_, +being indisposed in a hotel in London, the landlord came to enumerate +the good things he had in his larder, to prevail on his guest to eat +something. The earl at length, starting suddenly from his couch, and +throwing back a tartan night-gown which had covered his singularly grim +and ghastly face, replied to his host's courtesy; "Landlord, I think +I _could_ eat a morsel of a _poor man_." Boniface, surprised alike at +the extreme ugliness of Lord B.'s countenance, and the nature of the +proposal, retreated from the room, and tumbled down stairs precipitately; +having no doubt that this barbaric chief, when at home, was in the habit +of eating a joint of a tenant or vassal when his appetite was +dainty.--_Jamieson's Diet_. + + * * * * * + + +THE GREEN ROOM. + +Nothing can be more striking than to hear a lady, who has just been +figuring upon the stage as a coquette or a romp, explaining to some +friend the distress she is labouring under in consequence of the serious +illness of her mother or aunt; or to see a gentleman fresh from the +boards, upon which he has been amusing the audience as Caleb Quotem or +Jeremy Diddler, with tears in his eyes, and a low comedy wig on his +head, giving an account of the melancholy state of his wife and three +children, all dying of scarlatina; but such is too often the case: too +often, while the player is tortured with physical pain, or sinking under +moral distress, he is obliged in his vocation to wear the face of mirth, +and distort his features into the extremes of grimace. The actress, +writhing under the pangs of ingratitude in man, or insult from woman, is +similarly driven to strain her lungs to charm the ears of an audience, +or exhibit her graceful figure to the best advantage in the animated +dance, for the amusement of the half-price company of a one shilling +gallery, while her heart is bursting with sorrow; add to all these +inevitable ills, the constant labour of practice and rehearsal, +the caprice of the public, the tyranny of managers, the rarity of +excellence, the misery of defeat, and the uncertainty of health and +capability, and then might one ask, Who would be an actor, who could +be any thing else?--_Hook's Gervase Skinner_. + + * * * * * + + +The first Italian performer that made any distinguished figure in London +was Valentini, a true, sensible singer at that time, but of a throat too +weak to sustain those melodious warblings, for which the fairer sex have +since idolized his successors. However, this defect was so well supplied +by his action, that his hearers bore with the absurdity of his singing +his first part of Turnus, in _Camilla_, all in Italian, while every +other character was sung and recited to him in English.--_Life of +Colley Gibber._ + + * * * * * + + +To attain complex and difficult ends by simple means, whether in +physics or politics, falls not to the lot of man. What should we think +of the man who should insist on having a _simple watch_, which should +answer every object of that machine, and yet possess the simplicity of a +sun-dial? The artificer would naturally say to such a customer, "Sir, if +you want a sun-dial, you can have a very cheap and a very simple one; +but if you desire a watch, I shall be glad to learn how its operations +are to be accomplished without complex mechanism." + + * * * * * + + + + +THE SELECTOR; + +AND LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS_. + + * * * * * + + +A RUSSIAN WEDDING. + +(_From Dr. Granville's Travels._) + + +Early one day in November, a kind young friend, the son of Mr. Anderson, +the oldest English merchant in St. Petersburgh, whose attentions to me +were unremitting, put a finely embossed card into my hands, on which was +printed, in Russian characters, the following invitation, literally +translated:-- + +"Ivan Ivanovitch and Prascovia Constantinova Ivanoff humbly request +the favour of your attendance on the marriage ceremony of their +daughter Anna Ivanowna with Nicholai Demetrivich Borissow, and to the +dinner-table, this November the 13th day, in the year 1827, at two +o'clock in the afternoon." + +On the embossed border of the card, delicately edged with rose colour, +the emblematic figure of Hymen was represented on the one side, standing +under a palm-tree, between the sleeping dogs of fidelity, and inviting +from the other side the figures of the bride and bridegroom. I learned +that the parties were wealthy Russian hemp-commission agents, and most +excellent people; and as such an invitation promised to afford me an +opportunity of witnessing the church marriage ceremony, of which I had +read so many dissimilar accounts, I gladly accepted it. At two, the +friends of the parties assembled from all quarters in the winter +church of the _Annunciation_, in the Vassileiostrow, where a great +concourse of people had already collected round the choristers or +chanters, who, in the most delightful manner imaginable, and in the fuga +style, were singing hymns, mixing with skilful combination the sopranos +and bass voices. We beguiled half an hour in listening to their strains, +waiting for the arrival of the bride. In the meantime I surveyed the +picturesque groups of people that kept gradually forming in various +parts of the church, where the kaftaned Russian, with his well-caressed +beard, mixed with the throng of young and good-looking females. Some of +the latter, dressed in the fashion of the country, their heads profusely +ornamented with gold and embroidered veils; and others, according to the +more attractive garb of the French, presented a striking contrast to +many of the assembled men, whom I understood to belong to the class of +Russian merchants, but who wore neither the kaftan nor the beard. Their +smooth and shaven faces, with the general style of dress common to most +of the European nations, scarcely permitted their being distinguished +from several English merchants present, who had been invited on the +occasion. The officiating priest, decked in his rich church vestments, +accompanied by the deacon advanced from the sanctuary towards the door +of entrance into the church, and there received the pair about to be +made happy, to whom he delivered a lighted taper, making, at the same +time, the sign of the cross thrice on their foreheads, and conducted +them to the upper part of the nave. Incense was scattered before them, +while maids, splendidly attired, walked between the paranymphy, or +bridegroom and bride. The Greek church requires not the presence of +either of the parents of the bride on such an occasion. Is it to spare +them the pain of voluntarily surrendering every authority over their +child to one who is a stranger to her blood? I stood by the side of the +table on which were deposited the rings, and before which the priest +halted at the conclusion of a litany, wherein the choristers assisted, +and from which he pronounced, in a loud and impressive voice, the +following prayer, his face being turned towards the sanctuary, and the +bride and bridegroom placed immediately behind him, holding their +lighted tapers:-- + +"O Eternal God! thou who didst collect together the scattered atoms by +wonderous union, and didst join them by an indissoluble tie, who didst +bless Isaac and Rebecca, and made them heirs of thy promise; give thy +blessing unto these thy servants, and guide them in every good work: for +thou art the merciful God, the lover of mankind, and to thee we offer up +our praise, now and for ever, even unto ages of ages." + +The import of this beautiful invocation was at the time, interpreted to +me by a friend well acquainted with the whole service and office of +espousals, the language of which he assured me was all equally +impressive. The priest, next turning round to the couple, blessed them, +and taking the rings from the table, gave one to each, beginning with +the man, and proclaiming aloud that they stood betrothed, "now and for +ever, even unto ages of ages," which declaration he repeated thrice to +them, while they mutually exchanged the rings an equal number of times. +The rings were now again surrendered to the priest, who crossed the +forehead of the couple with them, and put them on the fore-finger +of the right hand of each; and turning to the sanctuary, read another +impressive part of the service, in which an allusion is made to all the +circumstances in the Holy Testament, where a ring is mentioned as the +pledge of union, honour, and power; and prayed the Lord "to bless the +espousals of thy servants, Anna Ivanowna and Nicholai Demetrivich, and +confirm them in thy holy union; for thou in the beginning didst create +them, male and female, and appointed the woman for a help to the man, +and for the succession of mankind. Let thine angel go before them to +guide them all the days of their life." The priest now taking hold of +the hands of both parties, led them forward and caused them to stand on +a silken carpet, which lay spread before them. The congregation usually +watch this moment with intense curiosity, for it is augured that the +party who steps first on the rich brocade will have the mastery over +the other through life. In the present case, our fair bride secured +possession of this prospective privilege with modest forwardness. Two +silver imperial crowns were next produced by a layman, which the priest +took, and first blessing the bridegroom, placed one of them on his head, +while the other, destined for the bride, was merely held over her head +by a friend, lest its admirable superstructure, raised by Charles, the +most fashionable perruquier of the capital, employed on this occasion, +should be disturbed. That famed artist had successfully blended the +spotless flower, emblematic of innocence, with the rich tresses of the +bride, which were farther embellished by a splended tiara of large +diamonds. Her white satin robe, from the hands of Mademoiselle Louise, +gracefully penciling the contours of her bust, was gathered around her +waist by a zone studded with precious stones, which fastened to her +side a _bouquet_ of white flowers. The common cup being now brought to +the priest, he blessed it, and gave it to the bridegroom, who took a sip +from its contents thrice, and transferred it to her who was to be his +mate, for a repetition of the same ceremony. After a short pause, and +some prayers from the responser, in which the choristers joined with +musical notes, the priest took the bride and bridegroom by the hand, +the friends holding their crowns, and walked with them round the desk +thrice, having both their right hands fast in his, from west to east, +saying-- + +"Exult, O Isaiah! for a virgin has conceived and brought forth a son, +Emanuel, God and man; the East is his name. Him do we magnify, and call +the virgin blessed!" + +Then taking off the bridegroom's crown, he said-- + +"Be thou magnified, O bridegroom, as Abraham! Be thou blessed as Isaac, +and multiplied as Jacob, walking in peace, and performing the +commandments of God in righteousness." + +In removing the bride's crown, he exclaimed-- + +"And be thou magnified, O bride, as Sarah! Be thou joyful as Rebecca, +and multiplied as Rachael; delighting in thine own husband, and +observing the bounds of the law, according to the good pleasure of God." + +The ceremony now drew to its conclusion, the tapers were extinguished +and taken from the bride and bridegroom, who walking towards the holy +screen were dismissed by the priest, received the congratulations of the +company, and saluted each other. We all now hurried to our carriages, +the youngest to their sledges, and took the direction of the house of +the bride's father, where we were received by that person in his Russian +costume, and with a flowing beard, who conducted the company, at the +sound of a full band of music, into the banqueting-room, already +prepared for about fifty guests, with tables decked with golden +_plateaux_ and vases bearing artificial flowers, mixed with piles +of fruit and _bonbons_. Here a large assemblage of friends had +already met, through which we made our way to an inner room, where the +bride, seated by the side of her mother, and surrounded by matrons and +damsels, received, with becoming modesty, our congratulations. I was +surprised at finding in the gynęceum of a class of society of this +description, such agreeable and easy manners, untainted by the least +_gaucherie_ or awkward pretensions. My engagement prevented my +remaining to dinner; but I returned time enough in the evening to be +present at the conclusion of the day's ceremony. The dinner had passed +off without any remarkable occurrence, and considering the ominous +quantity of Champagne consumed (a very favourite beverage on all gala +days with the middle classes of society at St. Petersburgh), I found +the party _almost_ philosophical. Toasts to the bride and bridegroom +had been repeatedly drunk, and the night was far advanced when the +_passajonaiatetz_ took the bride by the hand, and conducted her +into the bed-chamber, where he consigned her to the care of all the +married ladies present, himself retiring immediately after. Those +matrons assisted in disrobing her of the bridal vestments, and in +assuming the garb appropriate to the chamber in which they were. +The passajonaiatetz next performed the like office of conducting +the bridegroom to the chamber, who put on his _schlafrock_, or +nightgown, the married ladies having previously retired. These +operations being concluded, the doors of the bed-chamber were thrown +open, and we all walked in in procession, quaffing a goblet of Champagne +to the health of the parties, kissing the bride's hands, who returned +the salutations on our cheeks, and embracing _ą la Francaise_ the +cheeks of the bridegroom, who luckily, in the present instance, had +neither the Russian beard nor the modern English whiskers. With one +voice we then wished the happy pair a hearty blessing, and withdrew, +when the doors were closed. The company gradually dispersed. Dinners +and dancing went on for three successive days. On the first of these +I attended for a few minutes, being determined to satisfy my curiosity +to the last. I had, however, to pay for this indulgence, having been +compelled, by immemorial usage, on entering the room, to drink a bumper +of the sparkling juice to the dregs in honour of the bride, to undergo +the same ceremony of bride and bridegroom's salutation, and to whirl +half a round of a waltz with the former. But I had made up my mind +to bear even worse _inconveniences_ than these, should it have been +necessary, rather than forego the advantage of judging for myself of the +truth or falsehood of the many exaggerated and fanciful descriptions +given by travellers of a Russian wedding. To complete this account of +what I _witnessed_, I should add, that on the eighth day, the happy +pair attended once more at the church, for the ceremony of "dissolving +the crowns," which is performed by the priest, with appropriate prayers, +in allusion to the rites of matrimony. + + * * * * * + + + + +THE ANECDOTE GALLERY + + * * * * * + + +DOCTOR PARR. + +Dr. Parr's nature was highly social; and he almost always spent his +evenings in the company of his family and his domestic visiters, or in +that of some neighbouring friends. He was fond of the pleasures of the +table; and probably, in the course of the whole year, few days passed in +which he did not meet some social party, round the festive board, either +at home or abroad. At such times his dress was in complete contrast with +the costume of the morning, for he appeared in a well-powdered wig, and +always wore his band and cassock. On extraordinary occasions he was +arrayed in a full-dress suit of black velvet, of the cut of the old +times, when his appearance was imposing and dignified. + +After dinner, but not often till the ladies were about to retire, he +claimed, in all companies, his privilege of smoking, as a right not to +be disputed; since, he said, it was a condition, "no pipe, no Parr," +previously known, and peremptorily imposed on all who desired his +acquaintance. Speaking of the honour once conferred upon him, of being +invited to dinner at Carlton-house, he always mentioned, with evident +satisfaction, the kind condescension of his present Majesty, then Prince +of Wales, who was pleased to insist upon his taking his pipe as usual. +Of the Duke of Sussex, in whose mansion he was not unfrequently a +visiter, he used to tell, with exulting pleasure, that his Royal +Highness not only allowed him to smoke, but smoked with him. He often +represented it as an instance of the homage which rank and beauty +delight to pay to talents and learning, that ladies of the highest +stations condescended to the office of lighting his pipe. He appeared to +no advantage, however, in his custom of demanding the service of holding +the lighted paper to his pipe from the youngest female who happened to +be present; and who was, often, by the freedom of his remarks, or by the +gaze of the company, painfully disconcerted. This troublesome ceremony, +in his later years, he wisely discarded. + +The reader will probably recollect, in the well-known story, his reply +to the lady by whom he had been hospitably entertained, but who refused +to allow him the indulgence of his pipe. In vain he pleaded that such +indulgence had always been kindly granted in the mansions of the highest +nobility, and even in the presence and in the palace of his sovereign. +"Madam," said Dr. Parr to the lady, who still remained inexorable, +"you must give me leave to tell you, you are the greatest--" whilst she, +fearful of what might follow, earnestly interposed, and begged that he +would express no rudeness--"Madam," resumed Dr. Parr, speaking loud, +and looking stern, "I must take leave to tell you, you are the +greatest--tobacco-stopper in England." This sally produced a loud laugh; +and having enjoyed the effects of his wit, he found himself obliged to +retire, in order to enjoy the pleasures of his pipe. + +Dr. Parr was accustomed to amuse himself in the evening with cards, of +which the old English game of whist was his favourite. But no entreaties +could induce him to depart from a resolution, which he adopted early in +life, of never playing, in any company whatever, for more than a nominal +stake. Upon one occasion only, he had been persuaded, contrary to his +rule, to play with the late Bishop Watson for a shilling, which he won. +Pushing it carefully to the bottom of his pocket, and placing his hand +upon it, with a kind of mock solemnity, "There, my Lord Bishop," said +he, "this is a trick of the devil; but I'll match him: so now, if you +please, we will play for a penny;" and this was ever after the amount of +his stake. He was not, on that account, at all the less ardent in the +prosecution, or the less joyous in the success, of the rubber. He had a +high opinion of his own skill in this game, and could not very patiently +tolerate the want of it in his partner. Being engaged with a party, in +which he was unequally matched, he was asked by a lady how the fortune +of the game turned? when he replied, "Pretty well, Madam, considering +that I have three adversaries!" + +Even ladies were not spared, who incurred his displeasure, either by +pertinacious adherence to the wrong in opinion, or by deficiency of +attention to the right and the amiable in conduct. To one, who had +violated, as he thought, some of the little rules of propriety, he said, +"Madam, your father was a gentlemen, and I thought that his daughter +might have been a lady." To another, who had held out in argument +against him, not very powerfully, and rather too perseveringly, and who +had closed the debate by saying, "Well, Dr. Parr, I still maintain my +opinion." He replied, "Madam, you may, if you please, _retain_ your +opinion, but you cannot _maintain_ it." + + * * * * * + + + + +THE GATHERER + + + "A snapper-up of unconsidered trifles." + Shakspeare. + + * * * * * + + +OBSTINATE PUN. + +_Aliquid is mater unite dextra ordinari lęto he at._ + +A liquid is matter united extraordinarily to heat. + + * * * * * + + +A worthy Cambrian at the recent Eisteddfod, or Welsh Musical Festival, +after staying a short time at the concert, walked off, shaking his head, +exclaiming, "I like singing and drinking by turns--here it is all sing +and no drink--that will never do." + + * * * * * + + +PARISIAN MARRIAGE MART. + +Among the curious institutions in Paris, is an establishment by a +marriage negotiator, by means of which persons who are seeking for wives +are enabled to view all the females upon his list, who are placed in +different rooms with glazed doors, so classed as to give an easy +reference to the particulars on his books, as to their ages, fortunes, +and qualifications. When the inspector is satisfied with these +particulars, and with the personal appearance, an interview takes place, +and the bargain is struck. + + * * * * * + + +Captain Basil Hall has addressed a letter to a Scotch newspaper, stating +that the story of his _walking_ 16,000 miles in fifteen months, is +a hoax--the whole journey being performed in land conveyances and +steam-vessels! Not a line is written of the "Book" of these exploits, +said to be "in the press;" the latter is by no means so great a blunder +as the former. + + * * * * * + + +A facetious _gourmand_ suggests that the old story of "lighting a candle +to the devil," or as it has been corrupted, "_holding_ a candle to the +devil," probably arose from the adage of "GOD sends meat, and the devil +sends cooks,"--and was an offering to his Infernal Majesty, by some +epicure who was in want of a cook. + + * * * * * + + +GERMAN MODE OF PREVENTING TIPPLING. + +The following is a late order from the mayor of a department in the +Isere:---"All persons drinking and tippling upon Sundays and holidays, +in coffee-houses, &c. during the celebration of mass or vespers, are +hereby authorized to depart without paying for what they have had." + + * * * * * + + +[*.*] ERRATA at page 189--for _Quoites_ read _Quoties_, and in the same +line insert hyphen--thus, _mori_. + + * * * * * + +LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE + +BRITISH NOVELIST, Publishing in Monthly Parts, price 6d. each.--Each +Novel will be complete in itself, and may be purchased separately. + +_The following Novels are already Published:_ + + _s._ _d._ + Mackenzie's Man of Feeling 0 6 + Paul and Virginia 0 6 + The Castle of Otranto 0 6 + Almoran and Hamet 0 6 + Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia 0 6 + The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne 0 6 + Rasselas 0 8 + The Old English Baron 0 8 + Nature and Art 0 8 + Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield 0 10 + Sicilian Romance 1 0 + The Man of the World 1 0 + A Simple Story 1 4 + Joseph Andrews 1 6 + Humphry Clinker 1 8 + The Romance of the Forest 1 8 + The Italian 2 0 + Zeluco, by Dr. Moore 2 0 + Edward, by Dr. Moore 2 6 + Roderick Random 2 6 + The Mysteries of Udolpho 3 6 + Peregrine Pickle 4 6 + + + * * * * * + +_Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near +Somerset-House.) London: sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, +Leipsic; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers._ + + + + + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, No. 333, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, *** + +***** This file should be named 15087-8.txt or 15087-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/0/8/15087/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the PG Online +Distributed Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/15087-8.zip b/15087-8.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..761e8a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/15087-8.zip diff --git a/15087-h.zip b/15087-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..a87e331 --- /dev/null +++ b/15087-h.zip diff --git a/15087-h/15087-h.htm b/15087-h/15087-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dea959a --- /dev/null +++ b/15087-h/15087-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,2445 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" +"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> + +<title>The Mirror of Literature, Issue 333.</title> + + <style type="text/css"> + <!-- + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + pre {font-size: 0.7em;} + + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + + .note, .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + + span.pagenum {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; font-size: 8pt; } + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem p {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem p.i2 {margin-left: 1em;} + .poem p.i4 {margin-left: 2em;} + .poem p.i6 {margin-left: 3em;} + .poem p.i8 {margin-left: 4em;} + + .figure {padding: 1em; margin: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em; margin: auto;} + .figure img {border: none;} + .figure p + --> + </style> +</head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and +Instruction, No. 333, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, No. 333 + Vol. 12, Issue 333, September 27, 1828 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: February 17, 2005 [EBook #15087] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the PG Online +Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + + +</pre> + + <hr class="full" /> + <span class="pagenum"><a id="page193" name="page193"></a>[pg 193]</span> + + <h1>THE MIRROR<br /> + OF<br /> + LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1> + <hr class="full" /> + + <table width="100%" summary="Banner"> + <tr> + <td align="left"><b>VOL. XII, NO. 333.]</b></td> + <td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 1828.</b></td> + <td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td> + </tr> + </table> + <hr class="full" /> + +<h2> + FIRE TOWER +</h2> + +<div class="figure" style="width: 100%;"> +<a href="images/333-1.png"><img width="100%" src="images/333-1.png" +alt="Fire Tower" /></a> +</div> + + + +<p> +Throughout Scotland and Ireland there are scattered great numbers of +<i>round towers</i>, which have puzzled all antiquarians. They have of +late obtained the general name of <i>Fire Towers</i>, and our engraving +represents the view of one of them, at Brechin, in Scotland. It consists +of sixty regular courses of hewn stone, of a brighter colour than the +adjoining church. It is 85 feet high to the cornice, whence rises a low, +spiral-pointed roof of stone, with three or four windows, and on the top +a vane, making 15 feet more, in all 100 feet from the ground, and +measuring 48 feet in external circumference. +</p> + +<p> +Many of these towers in Ireland vary from 35 to 100 feet. One at Ardmore +has fascię at the several stories, which all the rest both in Ireland +and Scotland, seem to want, as well as stairs, having only abutments, +whereon to rest timbers and ladders. Some have windows regularly +disposed, others only at the top. Their situation with respect to the +churches also varies. Some in Ireland stand 25 to 125 feet from the west +end of the church. The tower at Brechin is included in the S.W. angle of +the ancient cathedral, to which it communicates by a door. +</p> + +<p> +There have been numerous discussions respecting the purposes for which +these towers were built; they are generally adjoining to churches, +whence they seem to be of a religious nature. Mr. Vallencey considers +it as a settled point, that they were an appendage to the Druidical +religion, and were, in fact, <i>towers for the preservation of the +sacred fire</i><a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> <i>of the</i> + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page194" name="page194"></a>[pg 194]</span> + +<i>Druids or Magi</i>. To this Mr. Gough, in his +description of Brechin Tower,<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> raises an insuperable objection. But +they are certainly not belfries; and as no more probable conjecture has +been made on their original purpose, they are still known as <i>Fire +Towers.</i> +</p> + + +<p> +For this curious relic we are indebted to Mr. Godfrey Higgins's erudite +quarto, entitled "The Celtic Druids," already alluded to at page 121 of +our present volume. +</p> + + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2> + SOME ACCOUNT OF STIRBITCH FAIR. +</h2> + +<h3> +BY A SEPTUAGENARIAN. +</h3> + +<center> +(<i>For the Mirror.</i>) +</center> + + +<p> +(Stirbitch Fair, as our correspondent observes, was once the Leipsic or +Frankfurt of England. He has appended to his "Account" a ground plan of +the fair, which we regret we have not room to insert; the gaps or spaces +in which, serve to show how much this commercial carnival (for such it +might be termed) has deteriorated; for the remaining booths were built +on the same site as during the former splendour of the fair. Our +correspondent accounts for this "decay, by the facilities of roads and +navigable canals for the conveyance of goods;" the shopkeepers, &c, +"being able to get from London and the manufacturing districts, every +article direct, at a small expense, the fair-keepers find no market for +their goods, as heretofore." His paper is, however, a curious +matter-of-fact description of Stirbitch, "sixty years since." We have +been compelled to reject all but one verse of the "Chaunt," on account +of some local allusions, the justice of which we do not deny, but which +are scarcely delicate enough for our pages. +</p> + +<p> +Stirbitch is still a festival of considerable extent, although it has +lost so much of its commercial importance. There are but few fortnight +fairs left: Portsmouth, we <i>recollect</i>, lasts 14 days, and there is +a fair held on some fine downs in Dorsetshire, which extends to that +period.) +</p> + +<p> +Stirbitch Fair is held in a large field near Barnwell, about two miles +from Cambridge, covering a space of ground upwards of two miles in +circumference. It commences on the 16th day of September, and continues +till the beginning of October, for the sale of all kinds of manufactured +and other goods, and likewise for horses. +</p> + +<p> +The etymology of the name of this fair has been much disputed. A silly +tradition has been handed down, of a pedlar who travelled from the north +to this fair, where, being very weary, he fell asleep at the only inn in +the place. A person coming into the room where he lay, the pedlar's dog +growled and woke his master, who called out, "Stir, bitch"; when the dog +seized the man by the throat, which proved to be the master of the inn, +who, to get released from the gripe of the dog, confessed his intention +was, with the aid of the ferryman who rowed him over from Chesterton, to +rob the pedlar; from which circumstance the fair ever after obtained the +name of <i>Stirbitch</i>. But a more reasonable derivation might be +found in the known custom of holding a festival on the anniversary of +the dedication of any religious foundation. There is a small and very +ancient chapel, or oratory, of Saxon architecture, still standing in +the field where the fair is kept; but to what saint dedicated, is not +recorded. I know not if a St. Ower is to be found in the calendar; if +there is, it will, by adding "wijk," or "wych," a district or boundary, +be no great stretch of invention to account for a transition from "St. +Ower wijch" to <i>Stirbitch</i>; or perhaps from a rivulet which empties +itself into the Cam at Quy-water, small streams, in some counties, being +called "stours." +</p> + +<p> +Leaving this argument, however, at the road-side chapel, we must proceed +to the fair, where the "busy hum of men" announced the approach of the +mayor and corporate body to make proclamation. First are, +</p> + + +<center> +Mr. Samuel Saul, the beadle, and his<br /> +assistant, in full costume, with their<br /> +staves tipped with silver, bearing<br /> +the arms of the Corporation.<br /> +Next followed two trumpeters, in gowns,<br /> +on horseback.<br /> +Sackbut and clarionets.<br /> +The mace.<br /> +The Worshipful the Mayor, in a scarlet gown.<br /> +The Vicar of Barnwell, (formerly the<br /> +Abbot,) and other of the Clergy<br /> +and Collegians.<br /> +The Corporate Body, two and two.<br /> +The Deputy Beadle.<br /> +All the train, as above, on horseback,<br /> +robed in full costume.<br /> +</center> +<center> +Then followed Gentlemen and Ladies in<br /> +their carriages and on horseback,<br /> +invited by the Mayor to the grand<br /> +dinner given on the occasion.<br /> +</center> + + + +<p> +The proclamation was read, (heads uncovered,) first at the upper end of +the fair, next in the Mead where the pottery + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page195" name="page195"></a>[pg 195]</span> + +and coal fair were held, +and last at a little inn near the horse fair, in which place a +"Pied-poudre" court was held during the fair, for deciding disputes +between buyers and sellers, and for punishing abuses and breaches of the +peace in a summary way—stocks and a whipping-post being placed before +the door for that purpose. Here the mayor and the cavalcade partook of +some refreshment. +</p> + + +<p> +Should the harvest be backward, and the corn not off the ground, the +booths, nevertheless, are erected, the farmers being, as they admit, +more than indemnified for their losses in that case, by the immense +quantity of litter, offal, and soil left on the ground after the +standings and booths are cleared away; besides which, they seize on +every thing left upon the land after a fixed day. This has sometimes +occurred, and the forfeiture of the goods and chattels so seized has +been recognised judicially as a fine for the trespass. This local +custom, sanctioned by usage from time immemorial, is without appeal. +</p> + +<p> +The booths were from 15 to 20 feet wide by 25 to 30 feet deep; they were +set out in two apartments, the one behind, about 10 feet wide, serving +for bed-room, dining-room, parlour, and dressing-room, The bedstead was +of <i>four posts and a lath bottom</i>, on which was laid a truss of +clean, dry straw, serving as a palliasse, with bed and bedding. The +front was fitted up with counters and shelves. The stubble was well +trodden into the ground; over which were laid sawdust and boards behind +and before the counters, to secure the feet from damp. The shutters, of +the space allowed for the windows, were fixed with hinges, and when let +down, rested upon brackets, serving as showboards for goods. The booths +were constructed of new boards, with gutters for carrying the rain off, +and covered with stout hair cloth, with which also a covering was made +to an arcade in front, about 10 feet wide. Under this the company +walked, protected from rain or the heat of the sun. +</p> + +<p> +The proclamation being made, the clamour and din from the trumpets, +drums, gongs, and other noisy instruments, began. The road from +Cambridge was actually covered with post-chaises, hackney-coaches from +London, gigs, and carts, which brought visiters to the fair from +Jesus-lane, in Cambridge, at sixpence each. As soon as you passed the +village of Barnwell, your attention was attracted by flags streaming +from the show-booths, suttling-booths, &c.; whilst your ears were +stunned with the "harsh discord" of a thousand Stentorian bawlers, and +the clang of jarring instruments of music. The show-booths were the +first on entering the fair, being situated on the north side of the high +road. Here were three companies of players, viz. the Norwich company, a +very large booth; Mrs. Baker's, whose clown, Lewy Owen, was "a fellow of +infinite jest and merriment;" and Bailey's. The latter had formerly been +a merchant, and was the compiler of a Directory which bore his name, and +was a work of some celebrity and great utility. Fronting these were the +fruit and gingerbread stands. On the opposite side of the road stood the +cheese fair, attended by dealers from all parts, and where many tons' +weight changed hands in a few days, some for the London market, by the +factors from thence; and such cheeses as were brought from Gloucester, +Cheshire, and Wiltshire, and not made elsewhere, were purchased by the +dealers and farmers of Norfolk, Suffolk, and Essex. Opposite the cheese +fair, on the north side of the road, stood the small chapel, which was +then used as a warehouse for wool, hops, seed, and leather<a id="footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a>. Here were +the wool-staplers, hop-factors, leather-sellers, and seedsmen. The range +of booths in the front were for glovers, leather-breeches makers, +saddlers, and other dealers in leather. Opposite to this, at the end of +the line of show-booths, Garlick-row commenced; the first range being +occupied by hardwaremen, silversmiths, jewellers, and fine ironmongery. +The next range was the row of mercers and linen-drapers, where a draper +from Holborn had a stock of not less than 5,000<i>l</i>. value. The next +range of booths was occupied by stuff-merchants, hosiers, lacemen, +milliners, and furriers; here one vender has been known to receive from +1,000<i>l</i>. to 1,200<i>l</i>. for Norwich and Yorkshire goods. A lace-dealer +from Tavistock-street likewise attended here with a stock of 2,000<i>l</i>. +value, together with many other respectable tradesmen, with goods +according to the London fashion. Then followed the ladies and +gentlemen's shoe-makers, hatters, and perfumers; and next to the inn was +an extensive store of oils, colours, and pickles, kept by an oilman from +Limehouse, whose returns were seldom less than 2,000<i>l</i>. during the +fair; and the father of the writer of this article, who attended the +fair during forty years, usually brought away from 1,200<i>l</i>. to +1,500<i>l</i>. for goods sold and paid for on the spot, exclusive of +those sold on credit to respectable dealers, farmers, and gentry. On + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page196" name="page196"></a>[pg 196]</span> + +the outside of the inn were temporary stables for baiting the horses +belonging to the visiters. The carriages were drawn up in the fields in +a line with the stables or standings for the horses. +</p> + +<p> +Next was the oyster fair; the oysters from Lynn, called the Lynn +channel, were the size of a horse's hoof, and were opened with a pair of +pincers. At the bottom, in the Mead, next the river, was the coal fair; +opposite which were the pottery and fine Staffordshire wares. Returning +to and opposite the oyster fair was the horse fair, held on the Friday +in the week after the proclamation. The show of beautiful animals here +was, perhaps, unrivalled by any fair in the empire; the choicest hunters +and racers from Yorkshire, muscular and bony draught-horses from Suffolk +and every other breeding county, drew together dealers and gentlemen +from all quarters, so that many hundreds of valuable animals changed +masters in the space of twelve hours. Higher up was Dockrell's +coffee-house and tavern, spacious and well stored with excellent +accommodations. About 200 yards onward was Ironmonger-row, where the +dealers from Sheffield, Birmingham, Wolverhampton, and other parts, +kept large stocks of all sorts of iron and tin wares, agricultural +implements, and tools of every description. About 20 yards from them, +westward, and bordering on the road, were slop-sellers, dealers in +haubergs, wagoners' frocks, and other habiliments for ploughmen; and +next, the Hatters'-row. Behind Garlick-row, next the show booths, stood +the basket fair, where were sold rakes for haymakers, scythe-hafts, and +other implements of husbandry, of which one dealer has been known to +sell a wagon-load or two. +</p> + +<p> +Having now made the promenade of the fair, let us step into one of +the suttling booths. The principal booth was the Robin Hood, behind +Garlick-row, which was fitted up with a good sized kitchen, detached +from a long room and parlour. Here were tables covered with baize, and +settles of common boards covered with matting. The roof covering was of +hair cloth, the same as the shops, but not boarded. +</p> + +<p> +When a new-comer or fresh man arrived to keep the fair, he was required +to submit to the ceremony of christening, as it was called, which was +performed as follows:—On the night following the horse-fair day, which +was the principal day of the whole fair, a select party occupied the +parlour of the Robin Hood, or some other suttling booth, to which the +novice was introduced, as desirous of being admitted a member, and of +being initiated. He was then required to choose two of the company as +sponsors, and being placed in an arm-chair, his shoes were taken off, +and his head uncovered. The officiator, vested in a cantab's gown and +cap, with a book in one hand and a bell in the other, with a verger on +each side, robed, and holding staves (alias broomsticks) and candles, +preceded by the suttler, bearing a bowl of punch, entered the parlour, +and demanded "If there was an infidel present?" Being answered, "Yes," +he asked, "What did he require?" Answer. "To be initiated." <i>Q.</i> +"Where are the oddfathers?" <i>R.</i> "Here we are." He then proceeded +as follows:— +</p> + + + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i8"> (<i>Plain chant</i>.)</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> + <p> "Over thy head I ring this bell,</p> +<p class="i8"> [<i>Rings the bell</i>,</p> + <p> Because thou art an infidel,</p> + <p> And such I know thee by thy smell.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i8"> CHORUS.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> + <p> With a hoccius proxius mandamus,</p> + <p> Let no vengeance light on him,</p> + <p> And so call upon him."</p> +</div></div> + + + +<p> +Supper was then served up, at the moderate charge of one shilling +a head, exclusive of beer and liquors. The cloth being cleared, the +smokers ranged themselves round the fire, and kept up the meeting with +mirth and harmony, till all retired and were lulled to anticipating +dreams of the profits of the coming day, to which they woke with the +sun, cheerful and unenvious of each other's success. Such was Stirbitch +fair some sixty years ago, as witnessed by +</p> + +<p> +Your constant reader, +<br /> +Σηνυα +</p> + + + + +<hr class="full" /> + + + + +<h2> + NOTES ON NORTHERN LITERATURE. +</h2> + + + +<center> +(<i>For the Mirror</i>.) +</center> + + +<p> +Tordenskiold is a name frequently met with in the annals of Denmark. +A singular anecdote is connected with one of the bravest individuals +who ever bore the name—the renowned Admiral Tordenskiold, of the days +of Frederick IV. While he was yet a young and undistinguished naval +officer, he chanced to be in the hall of the royal palace at the time +that the king, wearied with the flatteries of some courtiers, who were +congratulating him on the success of his war with Sweden, exclaimed, +"Ay, I know what you will say, but I should like to know the opinion of +the Swedes themselves." Tordenskiold slipped unobserved from the royal +palace, hurried to his ship, set sail, and was in an hour on the coast +of Sweden. The first sight that caught his eye on landing was a bridal +procession. Hastily seizing bride, bridegroom, minister, peasants, and +all, he hurried them + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page197" name="page197"></a>[pg 197]</span> + +aboard, and returned to Denmark. Two hours had +scarcely elapsed from the moment of the king's expressing his wish, +when Tordenskiold, stepping from the crowd of courtiers who surrounded +his majesty, informed him that he had now an excellent opportunity of +gratifying his wishes, as Swedes of every class of society were in +waiting. The astonished monarch, who had not yet missed the young +captain from the hall, demanded his meaning; and on being informed of +the adventure, summoned the captives to his presence. After gratifying +his curiosity, he dismissed them with a handsome present, and ordered +them to be conveyed back to Sweden. The promptness of young Tordenskiold +was not forgotten, and he speedily rose to the high admiralship of +Denmark, a post which he filled with more glory than any other of his +countrymen, either before or since. +</p> + +<hr /> + + +<p> +The memoirs of Lewis Holberg, which have lately appeared in English, are +remarkably curious and interesting. It is not generally known, that this +celebrated writer, the Moliere of Denmark, was educated at Oxford, +whither he repaired penniless, to secure a good education. +</p> + +<hr /> + + +<p> +Holberg, Samsoe, and Oehlenschlager are the three dramatic luminaries of +Denmark. The best production of Samsoe is the play of <i>Dyveke</i>, +produced a few days after his death. Such was the enthusiasm it excited, +that the following epitaph was proposed to be inscribed on his tomb, in +the public cemetery of Copenhagen:— +</p> + + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i6"> "Here lies Samsoe;</p> + <p> He wrote <i>Dyveke</i> and died."</p> +</div></div> + + + +<hr /> + +<p> +The best poet that Sweden has ever produced is Esaias Tegner, the bishop +of Wexio, now living. His first production was <i>Axel</i>, a short poem +on the adventures of one of those pages of Charles XII. who were sworn +to a single life, to be entirely devoted to the fortunes of war. He has +struck out great interest by plunging this hero in love, and painting +the conflicts between his passion and his reverence for his oath. The +words have been translated into Danish, German, and English. The latter +translation appeared in <i>Blackwood's Magazine.</i> Although the Danish +language is so akin to the Swedish, that translation is the worst of the +three. It is said that this poem procured Tegner the bishoprick of +Wexio. A singular circumstance is connected with it. A German literary +gentleman was so delighted with the version of it in his own language, +that he actually studied Swedish for the sole purpose of reading it in +the original. +</p> + +<p> +A compliment like this has rarely been paid, as the poem does not +contain more than about a thousand lines. Since then, Tegner has written +a poem, entitled <i>Frethioff's Sage</i> founded on one of the wild and +singular traditions of the North. It has been more popular than even +<i>Axel</i>, and the announcement of a third poem from the same hand, +said to outdo all former efforts, excites the greatest interest in +Stockholm. +</p> + +<hr /> + + +<p> +Novels have only been introduced within these few years in Denmark. +Ingemann is their most successful manufacturer. His last production is +entitled <i>Valdemar Seier</i>, or Waldemar the victorious. The Danes +have translations of Sir Walter Scott and Cooper. +</p> + +<hr /> + + +<p> +It is supposed there are not above three persons in Copenhagen who +cannot speak German. Oehlenschlager, the best modern author of Denmark, +writes equally well in German and Danish. +</p> + +<h4> +ANGLO-SVECUS. +</h4> + +<hr class="full" /> + + + + +<h2> + PLEASURES OF SNUFF-TAKING. +</h2> + + + + + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> + <p> Let some the joys of Bacchus praise,</p> + <p> The vast delights which he conveys,</p> +<p class="i2"> And pride them in their wine;</p> + <p> Let others choose the nice <i>morceau</i>,</p> + <p> The piquant joys of feasting know,</p> +<p class="i2"> But other gifts are mine.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> + <p> Give me, ye gods, my quantum suff.</p> + <p> Of Grimstone's or Gillespie's snuff—</p> +<p class="i2"> These are the sorts I crave;</p> + <p> Defend me from the Lundyfoot,</p> + <p> 'Tis to my nostrils worse than soot,</p> +<p class="i2"> And from the Irish save.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> + <p> Your Prince's Mixture I despise,</p> + <p> It clogs the head and dims the eyes—</p> +<p class="i2"> The nose rejects such burden;</p> + <p> Sure 'tis the critic's vast delight,</p> + <p> So dull and stupidly they write,</p> +<p class="i2"> I call for witness ——.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> + <p> Oh! where shall I for courage fly?</p> + <p> Or what restorative apply?</p> +<p class="i2"> A pinch be my resource;</p> + <p> Perchance the French are not polite,</p> + <p> And with my country wish to fight,</p> +<p class="i2"> Then I must grieve perforce;</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> + <p> Or, if with doubt the bosom heaves.</p> + <p> The heart for Grecian sorrows grieves,</p> +<p class="i2"> And pines to see them fail.</p> + <p> Such critics sometimes court the muse,</p> + <p> And I perchance the rhymes peruse,</p> +<p class="i2"> Then heaves the breast with pain.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> + <p> To soothe the mind in such an hour,</p> + <p> A pinch of snuff has ample power—</p> +<p class="i2"> One pinch—all's well again.</p> + <p> A pinch of snuff delights again,</p> + <p> And makes me view with great disdain,</p> +<p class="i2"> And soothes my patriot grief.</p> +</div> +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page198" name="page198"></a>[pg 198]</span> +<div class="stanza"> + <p> Thus for the list of human woes,</p> + <p> The pangs each mortal bosom knows,</p> +<p class="i2"> I find in snuff relief:</p> + <p> It makes me feel less sense of sorrow,</p> + <p> When modern bards their verses borrow,</p> +<p class="i2"> And soothes my patriot grief.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> + <p> Then let me sing the praise of snuff—</p> + <p> Give me, ye gods, I pray, enough—</p> +<p class="i2"> Let others boast their wine;</p> + <p> Let some prefer the nice <i>morceau</i></p> + <p> And piquant joys of feasting know,</p> +<p class="i2"> The bliss of snuff be mine.</p> +</div></div> + + + +<hr class="full" /> + + + + +<h2> + ODE ON A COLLEGE FEAST DAY. +</h2> + + + +<center> +(<i>For the Mirror.</i>) +</center> + + + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> + <p> Hark! hear ye not yon footsteps dread</p> + <p> That shook the hall with thundering tread?</p> +<p class="i4"> With eager haste,</p> +<p class="i4"> The fellows past.</p> +<p class="i2"> Each intent on direful work.</p> + <p> High lifts the mighty blade and points the deadly fork!</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> + <p> But hark! the portals sound and pacing forth,</p> +<p class="i4"> With steps, alas! too slow,</p> + <p> The college gips of high illustrious worth</p> +<p class="i4"> With all the dishes in long order go;</p> +<p class="i4"> In the midst, a form divine,</p> +<p class="i4"> Appears the fam'd Sir-loin;</p> +<p class="i4"> And soon with plums and glory crown'd,</p> +<p class="i4"> A mighty pudding sheds its sweets around.</p> + <p> Heard ye the din of dinner bray?</p> +<p class="i4"> Knife to fork, and fork to knife:</p> +<p class="i4"> Unnumber'd heroes through the glorious strife,</p> + <p> Through fish, flesh, pies, and puddings cut their destin'd way.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> + <p> See, beneath the mighty blade,</p> +<p class="i4"> Gor'd with many a ghastly wound,</p> + <p> Low the fam'd Sir-loin is laid,</p> +<p class="i4"> And sinks in many a gulph profound.</p> +<p class="i4"> Arise, arise, ye sons of glory,</p> +<p class="i4"> Pies and puddings stand before ye;</p> +<p class="i4"> See, the ghosts of hungry bellies</p> +<p class="i4"> Point at yonder stand of jellies;</p> +<p class="i4"> While such dainties are beside ye.</p> +<p class="i4"> Snatch the goods the gods provide ye:</p> +<p class="i4"> Mighty rulers of this state,</p> +<p class="i4"> Snatch before it be too late,</p> + <p> For, swift as thought, the puddings, jellies, pies,</p> + <p> Contract their giant bulks, and shrink to pigmy size.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> + <p> From the table now retreating,</p> +<p class="i4"> All around the fire they meet,</p> + <p> And, with wine, the sons of eating,</p> +<p class="i4"> Crown, at length, the mighty treat:</p> +<p class="i6"> Triumphant plenty's rosy graces</p> +<p class="i6"> Sparkle in their jolly faces:</p> +<p class="i6"> And mirth and cheerfulness are seen</p> +<p class="i6"> In each countenance serene.</p> +<p class="i6"> Fill high the sparkling glass,</p> +<p class="i8"> And drink the accustom'd toast;</p> +<p class="i8"> Drink deep, ye mighty host,</p> +<p class="i6"> And let the bottle pass.</p> + <p> Begin, begin, the jovial strain,</p> +<p class="i6"> Fill, fill, the mystic bowl,</p> + <p> And drink, and drink, and drink again,</p> +<p class="i6"> For drinking fires the soul</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> + <p> But soon, too soon, with one accord they reel</p> +<p class="i6"> Each on his seat begins to nod.</p> + <p> All conquering Bacchus' power they feel,</p> +<p class="i6"> And pour libations to the jolly god.</p> + <p> At length with dinner, and with wine oppressed,</p> + <p> Down in their chairs they sink, and give themselves to rest.</p> +</div></div> + + +<h4> +HUGH DELMORE. +</h4> + + +<hr class="full" /> + + + + + +<h2> + THE TOPOGRAPHER +</h2> + +<h3> +VISIT TO MATLOCK BATHS. +</h3> + +<center> +(<i>For the Mirror.</i>) +</center> + + +<p> +It was on a fine evening in autumn, when the rays of departing day began +to glimmer in the west, and twilight had just spread her dusky gloom. +All was silent, save the low rushing of the Derwent stream, purling its +way through dense groves, and winding round the stupendous rock of +<i>Matlock's Vale.</i> As I paced along, the grave, sombre hue of +evening fell full on the rocks, which rose in magnificent grandeur, and +seemed to look with contempt on all around them. These beauties, +combined with the gray tint of the stone, the cawing of the rooks, which +nestle in the crevices and underwood, with now and then the screeching +of the night-owl,—were such as would make the most cold and indifferent +acknowledge the delight to be enjoyed in the silent walks of nature. +</p> + +<p> +Perhaps among all the varied scenery in the north of England, none is +more sublime than that of Matlock; whose romantic range, interspersed +with some of the finest touches of art, forms an interesting contrast. +The road from the village to the Baths is as diversified as sublime. +It is situated in the bosom of a deep vale; here, on one side, rocks +or crags, tower above you to the height of two hundred feet; at the base +they form, a graceful slant, which is covered with thick, clustering +foliage. On the summit, verdure is seen; and sometimes sheep, +unconscious of their danger, will stray, and nip the grass from the +very edge. Beneath flows the river Derwent, now, in rapid, though +solemn state, reminding us of the peaceful stream of life—but only in +fictitious calm, luring on to its more ruffled scenes; next, a rushing +noise reminds you a cataract is near, which, combined with the rustling +of the foliage by the breeze, wakens the mind to gratifying +contemplation. The other side is bounded by immense hills, which have a +gradual ascent. Along the regular connexion of the road are cottages, +whose symmetry adds the charm of artificial embellishment to this +luxuriant display of nature. Here you perceive + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page199" name="page199"></a>[pg 199]</span> + +a sumptuous villa; +a little farther, a simple cot, where nature has displayed her +master-hand: but the most charming group is where three rows of cottages +rise in regular succession towards the summit of the hill, their gardens +contrasting with the barren appearance of their opposite neighbours. +These delightful scenes alternate until your arrival at the Baths. +</p> + +<p> +The Baths are situated about one mile from the village of Matlock, and +are a collection of lodging-houses, which, during the summer season, are +usually occupied. The baths are filled by springs, which issue in great +abundance from limestone rocks; the water is exceedingly clear, and +bears a temperature of 68° Fahrenheit. Here are the wells which produce +the petrifactions; any substance placed in them being, in the course of +a few months, covered with stone. Visiters are in the habit of leaving +various articles, which, by the ensuing season, thus become incrusted. +Birds' nests with eggs in them, baskets, shoes, &c. &c. are among the +articles which may be seen here. +</p> + +<p> +Matlock abounds with subterraneous caverns, which excite the surprise +and admiration of strangers. These are entered by a passage, formed +with immense labour through the solid rock. In the interior you are +surrounded by brilliant crystallizations, various kinds of metallic +ores, spars, &c., with petrifactions hanging from the roof, pendent as +icicles. The roofs of the numerous caves are of different descriptions; +some have the appearance of arches formed by the hand of man, others +appear to be immense masses of rock, which have fallen into their +present situation by chance, or through some violent convulsion of the +earth, by which they have been disjointed and separated. In several of +them there are fine springs of limpid water. Here are likewise several +productive lead mines. +</p> + +<p> +At the Museum the most interesting productions of the Peak are to be +seen. Many of the specimens are manufactured into vases, copied from the +antique. Besides the natural productions of the place, there are a great +variety of fine alabaster vases from Florence, with statues of various +kinds of Italian marble. Immediately facing the museum are the gardens, +called the Museum Gardens, in which are several grottoes, curiously +ornamented. Perched upon a rock, just at the entrance, is a fine +venerable hawk, of the bustard species, which was winged about four +years ago, and took its station there, from which spot it rarely moves. +</p> + +<p> +The Botanical Gardens, belonging to Mr. Bownes, are much visited, and +contain nearly seven hundred indigenous plants. They are situated along +the rise of the hill, known by the name of the Heights of Abraham, from +the summit of which can be enjoyed the most extensive views of the +scenery round Matlock. +</p> + +<p> +About half a mile from Matlock Baths is situated Willersley Castle, +the seat of R. Arkwright, Esq., built by his father, the late Sir R. +Arkwright. No spot could be more happily chosen for the site of a +mansion than than of Willersley. By the liberality of Mr. A. strangers +are admitted to the grounds, gardens, &c.; after passing through which, +you reach the summit of the hills, which immediately face the Old and +New Baths. This range of rocks is variously named; one, called the +Lover's Leap, is a most terrific height. After winding by a circuitous +route, you are led to the Lover's Walk, which is a shady path +immediately at the base. Here lovers may in +</p> + + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> + <p> "Sweet retirement court the shade."</p> +</div></div> + + + +<p> +In passing through one of the caverns, our guide, after describing to +us the various places, in general had a comment to make; one I well +remember. The solemnity of the situation, and stupendous grandeur of +the cave, struck me with mournful awe. At one part of the cave there was +a large hole or well, surrounded by a wooden railing, which our guide +informed us was fathomless. A party passing through the cavern, in the +full buoyancy of youth, after having expressed their surprise and +admiration at the wonders of the place, were preparing to retire, when +this spot was mentioned to them. Anxious to see all the curiosities, +they returned to this, when one of the party, in a playful mood, placed +his hands upon the shoulders of a young lady, and gently pushed her +forward. Somewhat terrified, she uttered a scream, but finding herself +unhurt, she endeavoured to turn round, when, horrible to relate, the +railing gave way, and she was precipitated into the abyss. Picture to +yourselves, if possible, the consternation caused by this dreadful +occurrence. The alarm was given, ropes, &c. provided, a man immediately +lowered, but all their efforts were ineffectual, for the body was never +discovered. +</p> + +<h4> +M.S.P. +</h4> + +<hr class="full" /> + + + + +<h2> + STEAKS. +</h2> + + + +<p> +People who want to enjoy a steak should eat it with shalots and +tarragon. Mr. Cobbett says, an orthodox clergyman once told him that he +and six others once ate some beef-steaks with shalots and tarragon, and +that they "voted unanimously, that beef-steaks never were so eaten +before." +</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p> +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page200" name="page200"></a>[pg 200]</span> +</p> + + + + +<h2> + FINE ARTS. +</h2> + + + +<hr /> + +<h3> +THE CAT RAPHAEL. +</h3> + + +<p> +Gottfried Mind was born at Bern, in the year 1768. His father, but a +short time before, had come in the capacity of joiner and form-cutter +into Switzerland from Lipsich, in Upper Hungary, and had fixed his abode +at Warblaufen, a village near Bern, where he was chiefly employed for +the paper-manufactory of one Herr Gruner, and soon after his arrival +purchased the freedom of Pizif, in the Waadtland. Young Mind, on account +of his weak constitution of body, was in great measure left to himself, +perhaps in the hope of making him healthier and stronger by the cheap +and easy means of idle running about. Herr Gruner was a lover of art; +during summer he had a German artist, named Legel, in his house, a +talented and active man, who often, in country excursions, drew +buildings and cattle from nature. This excited the attention of young +Mind in some of his idle rambles: he followed Legel every where, and +watched him while he worked. Legel, touched with compassion for the poor +boy, showed him what he was engaged with, or what he had already +finished; and, in the end, would take him along with him in his walks, +or amuse him in his own apartment with exhibitions of prints. In +particular, he allowed the boy, as often as he liked, to turn over +Ridinger's Animals, of which Herr Gruner had a collection; and some of +these Mind was not long in trying to imitate with the lead pencil, +preferring above all lions, which continued long his favourite animals. +These attempts Legel from time to time corrected, and, from less to +more, the youngster at length ventured to copy from nature, like his +master, and to draw some sheep, goats, and <i>cats</i>. +</p> + +<p> +His father, the joiner, however, thought that to draw on paper was +nothing, and wood was the only material on which it was worth one's +pains to work. Accordingly, whenever the boy asked paper for drawing, he +threw him a bit of wood; so that Gottfried was fain to try also cutting +animals in wood, an art in which he speedily attained such dexterity, +that, by degrees, his wooden sheep and goats came to ornament all the +presses and mantel-pieces in the village. Occasionally, too, he tried +drawing likenesses of some peasant boys of Worblaufen, or carving them +in wood; and these attempts were not unsuccessful. +</p> + +<p> +It is unknown on whose recommendation Mind, in his eighth year, was +placed at the academy for poor children, which Pestalozzi had previously +instituted at Neuenhof, near Bern, Aargau; but, in the year 1778, we +find, in the authentic account of that institution, published by the +Economic Society of Bern, the following short and somewhat clumsily +expressed notice:—"Friedly Mynth of Bossi (Mind of Pizy), of the +bailliwick of Aubonne, resident in Worblaufen, very weak, incapable of +hard work, full of talent for drawing, a strange creature, full of +artist-caprices, along with a certain roguishness: drawing is his whole +employment: a year and a half here: ten years old." Neither do we know +how long he remained at this academy; somewhere between the years 1780 +and 1785, he came to the painter, Sigmund Hendenberger, at Bern, a man +who had formed himself mostly at Paris in the Boucher school, but +afterwards rather inclined to Greuze's style, and who, by his painting +of Swiss family pieces, had acquired a considerable sum of money, and a +reputation not undeserved. With this person Mind learnt his art of +drawing, and colouring with water-colours, &c. but nothing more; in all +the other branches of human knowledge he remained at the lowest grade; +for he could with difficulty be made to write his name, and he had not +the slightest idea of arithmetic. Thus, for example:—once, when he had +to pay the postman six kreuzers for a letter, and Madame Freudenberger +gave him the money in two silver pieces, he positively refused to take +them and carry them down, affirming that two pieces were not enough; +and, though his mistress assured him that these were equal in value to +six kreuzers, still he persisted in his refusal, and went on grumbling +until the six kreuzers, one by one, were counted into his hand. This +ignorance and helplessness his master was not slow to take advantage of, +so that poor Mind never once thought of looking about him for a better +place. From his entrance into Freudenberger's house up to the time of +his death, there is nothing to tell of him except that he spent his +whole life on the selfsame stool, busied in colouring Freudenberger's +sheets so long as he was alive, and, after his death, in drawing and +painting, after his own fancy, bears, cats, and children at play, for +the benefit of the widow, with the same pitiful day's wages which he had +formerly received from his master. Many artists, after Freudenberger's +death, would gladly have taken poor Mind into their service, but, like +his beloved cats, he was so attached to the house, to his corner and its +appurtenances, that he constantly turned a deaf ear to such proposals; + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page201" name="page201"></a>[pg 201]</span> + +and, at last, when Madame Freudenberger began to notice that the people +wished to buy away her Friedli from her, she would not let them come +near him; and only at rare times, and by way of special favour, allowed +a few acquaintances, whom she could depend on, to visit him in her +presence. She used, for the most part, to sit beside him herself, with +her knitting implements, spurring him on to work. When he had to copy +any of his drawings, he usually sketched the outline of them against the +glass of the window; and if, on these occasions, it chanced that some +boy, cat, dog, or other street passenger he might think worth looking +at, withdrew his eye for a moment from the work, his taskmistress failed +not to squall forth—"Gaping out again! Not a bit of work done all day! +Sit down with thee! Mind thy paper, and give over spying!" How meanly he +was kept in regard to clothing—how he had to sleep, for his life long, +in a child's bed, far too short for him, for want of a straw +mattress—and how, under such continual toil and miserable constraint, +he at last sank, and died of water in the chest, it is now needless to +say or to lament. We turn, rather, to the more pleasing contemplation of +what Mind, in this most unfavourable situation, nevertheless succeeded +in performing, and rendering himself as an artist. +</p> + +<p> +Mind's special talent for representing cats was discovered and awakened +by chance.<a id="footnotetag4" name="footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a> It was not till after Freudenberger's death that Mind +fully developed his peculiar talent for the objects to which, +subsequently, through his whole life, he applied himself with such +special affection, and which, accordingly, he succeeded in representing +with such fidelity and truth. The condition of peasant children, their +sorrows and joys, their sports and bickerings—the coarse insolence of +the richer, the timid dispiritment of the needy, all stood in lively +remembrance before his fancy, which liked to go back into that first and +only period of his freedom, though, perhaps, also of his beggarhood. In +Freudenberger's school he had learned a natural, easy, and +comprehensible arrangement of little groups, and a neat, dainty manner, +in which wise it was no difficult task for him to represent such scenes +with truth and grace. Thus we find these pictures of his, which, for the +most part, are painted on small sheets, his sports, banterings, +quarrellings, sledge-parties of children, with their half-frozen but +still merry faces, in their puffy yet not unpicturesque costume; his +beggar-boys, with their rag-ware on their backs, are almost always +genial and pleasing. In the course of his narrow, in-doors life, he had +worked himself into a friendly, nay, as it were, almost paternal +relation with domestic and fire-side animals, especially with cats. +While he sat painting, a cat might generally be seen sitting on his back +or on his shoulder; and many times he kept, for hours, the most awkward +postures, that he might not disturb it. Frequently there was a second +cat sitting by him on the table, watching how the work went on; +sometimes a kitten or two lay in his lap under the table. Frogs (in +bottle) floated beside his easel; and with all these creatures he kept +up a most playful, loving style of conversation; though, often enough, +any human beings about him, or such even as came to see him, were +growled or grunted at in no social fashion. His countenance, especially +in latter years, was a mixture of the bear's, the lion's, and the human, +for most part of a dull brick-colour; so that many people, particularly +children, were afraid to look at him. In figure he was very small, and +bent; but, at the same time, had hands and fingers of extraordinary size +and coarseness, with which, nevertheless, he produced the cleanest and +prettiest drawings. His chief diligence and most careful elegance he +brought to work in the painting of his beloved cats. In right +delineation of their forms he had the art to seize the general nature of +this animal, and, in the portrait-like indication of their various +physiognomies, to reflect the specific character of each. The +sycophantic look full of falseness, the dainty movements of the kittens, +several of which are sometimes painted sporting round their dam—all +this, in the most multifarious postures, turns, groups, sports, and +quarrels, is depicted with a true observance to nature,—nay, one might +say with genius and fidelity. +</p> + +<p> +On Sundays and winter nights, Mind, by way of pastime, used, out of +dried, wild chestnuts, to carve little cats, bears, and other beasts, +and this with so much art that these little dainty toys were shortly in +no less request than his drawings. It is a pity that insects, such as +frequently exist in the interior of chestnuts, have already destroyed so +many of these carvings. +</p> + +<p> +At the <i>Barengraben</i> (bear-yard) in Bern, where a few live bears +are always to be seen, Mind passed many a happy hour; and, between the +beasts and him there seemed to prevail a singularly confidential +feeling. The moment Friedli—such was the name Mind was best known by in +Bern—made his appearance, the bears hastened towards him with friendly + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page202" name="page202"></a>[pg 202]</span> + +grumbling, stationed themselves on their hind feet, and received, +impartially, each a piece of bread or an apple out of his pocket. For +this reason, bears, next to cats, were a favourite subject of his art; +and he reckoned himself, not unjustly, better able to delineate these +animals than even celebrated painters have been. Moreover, next to his +intercourse with living cats and bears, Mind's greatest joy was in +looking at objects of art, especially copper-plates, in which, too, +animal figures gave him most satisfaction. +</p> + +<p> +Herr Sigmund Wagner, of Bern, who possesses a choice collection of +copper-plates, frequently invited Mind, on winter Sunday evenings, to +his house, and would then show him his volumes. While Herr Wagner might +be writing, reading, or drawing, Mind, grumbled to himself half-aloud, +made his remarks on each sheet, and frequently gave a true, stubborn, +rugged judgment even on the most celebrated masters, especially on +pictures of animals; for, among these, nothing pleased him but the lions +of Rubens, of Rembrandt, and Potter, and the stags of Kidinger; the +other animals of the latter he declared to be falsely drawn. Even the +most applauded cats of Cornelius Vischer and Wenzel Hollar could not +obtain his approbation. After such picture-reviewing he used to drink +tea with Herr Wagner; and it seemed as if the baked ware presented +therewith was somewhat to his taste. Such evenings were, to a certain +extent, his heaven upon earth; nevertheless, he sometimes replied to +Herr Wagner's invitation with a "could not come—his Busi (puss) was +sick—he must stay with her." Another time he signified "that Busi was +like to have kittens to-day, and so it was impossible to leave her." +</p> + +<p> +Mind seldom drew from Nature; at most he did it with a few strokes. His +conception was so strong, that whatever he had once strictly observed, +stamped itself so firmly in his memory that, on his return home, and +often a considerable time afterwards, he could represent it with entire +fidelity. On such occasions he would look now and then, as it were, into +himself; and when at these moments, he lifted his head, his eyes had +something dreamy in them. +</p> + +<p> +An increasing disorder in the breast had put him past all exertion for +the space of a year; and, on the 17th of November, 1814, a paroxysm of +his malady carried him off, in the 46th year of his age. +</p> + +<h4> +<i>Foreign Review</i>. +</h4> + + + +<hr /> + + +<h3> + THE COLISEUM, REGENT'S PARK, +</h3> + +<p> +Will be opened in about four months. Our readers are aware that it will +present a <i>Panoramic View of London</i>, taken from the dome of St. +Paul's Cathedral, and imitated in a bungling manner in a recent +pantomime at Covent Garden Theatre. The picture covers 40,000 square +feet, or nearly an acre of canvass; the dome of the building on which +the sky is painted, is 30 feet more in diameter than the cupola of St. +Paul's; and the circumference of the horizon visible from the point of +view, is nearly 130 miles. "The <i>Coliseum</i>" is evidently a +misnomer, since the building is very similar to the <i>Pantheon</i> at +Rome; but we perceive by a letter from the proprietor, that its proper +designation is the "<i>Colosseum</i>." +</p> + +<hr /> + + +<h3> + MR. HAYDON +</h3> + +<p> +Has just finished a companion to his admirable picture of the <i>Mock +Election in the King's Bench</i>, viz. the <i>Chairing of the Members</i>. +The first-mentioned is now in the king's collection at Windsor. +</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + + + + +<h2> + NOTES OF A READER +</h2> + + + +<hr /> + +<h3> +THE JEWS. +</h3> + + +<p> +The undeviating and uniform identity of the features and general +character of countenance, which accompany the Jews, wherever they +settle, is one of the most curious phenomena in nature; climate and all +those physical circumstances belonging to localities, which work such +wonderful changes in the physical character of man, appear to have no +influence upon the tribe of Israel. The circumcised of Monmouth-street +is as like that of Judea-Gape, in Frankfort, as two individuals of the +same nation can be; let them be by birth and residence German, English, +Russian, Portuguese, or Polish, still the one and only set of features +belonging to the race will be seen equally in all.—<i>Granville's, +Tour</i>. +</p> + +<hr /> + + +<h3> + FRENCH MUSIC. +</h3> + +<p> +About the year 1760, Piccini, who was the Rossini of his day, was called +to Paris to reform the grand opera. The French, roused by the elegant +tirades of Rousseau, and the piquant witticisms of all the foreigners +who visited Paris, began to conceive it possible that their music was +not the finest in the world. The reform which Piccini introduced, was +however, but partial, and the French insisted on having Italian music +adapted to French words. They have still an + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page203" name="page203"></a>[pg 203]</span> + +opera of their own; but +nothing can be more noisy, or less harmonious than the music at the +Académie Royale—all tumult, glitter, and show. There is no ballet, +except that incidental to the opera; but in scenery and machinery they +surprise the English visiter. The French military bands too are equally +discordant; so fond are they of drums, that they seem to have converted +the tympana of their ears into parchment. +</p> + + +<hr /> + + +<h3> + MATHEMATICS. +</h3> + +<p> +We consider it quite possible to bring down to ordinary capacities even +the truths of pure mathematics, by the substitution of a less general +and precise species of evidence. We have ourselves made the attempt, and +hence we are satisfied of its entire practicability. Into what a small +space would the useful and practical truths of geometry be reduced, were +we to dispense with the auxiliary propositions which are required merely +to complete the rigid process of demonstration. How simple, for example, +would be the doctrine of parallel lines!—<i>Foreign Review</i>. +</p> + +<hr /> + + +<h3> + THE SOUTH SEAS. +</h3> + +<p> +The government of the United States are fitting out a commercial +expedition to explore the South Seas. The vessels are to stay long +enough to complete the necessary inquiries, to ensure the safety of the +traders, and to give time for the establishment and consolidation of +relations of reciprocal utility. The advantages which it is evident +America must derive from this undertaking will, it is supposed, not cost +more than 50,000 dollars—<i>Lit. Gaz.</i> +</p> + +<hr /> + + +<h3> + THE OPERA. +</h3> + +<p> +Rousseau defines the opera to be a dramatic, lyrical, and scenic +representation, in which agreeable sensations are conveyed by the +combined effect of all the fine arts, the poetry and action being +addressed to the mind, the music to the ear, and the scenic decorations +to the eye of the spectator. +</p> + +<hr /> + + +<h3> + PICTURESQUE DRESSES IN SPANISH MARKETS. +</h3> + +<p> +On entering Madrid by the gate of Toledo, or the Place de la Cenada, +where the market is held, nothing is more striking than the confused +mass of people from the country and provinces. There a Castilian draws +around him with dignity the folds of his ample cloak, like a Roman +senator in his toga. Here a cowherd from La Mancha, with his long goad +in his hand, clad in a kilt of ox-skin, whose antique shape bears some +resemblance to the tunic worn by the Roman and Gothic warriors. Farther +on may be seen men with their hair confined in long nets of silk. Others +wearing a kind of short brown vest, striped with blue and red, conveying +the idea of Moorish garb. The men who wear this dress come from +Andalusia. +</p> + +<hr /> + + +<h3> + HYMN. +</h3> + + + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> + <p> I praised the earth, in beauty seen,</p> + <p> With garlands gay of various green;</p> + <p> I praised the sea, whose ample field</p> + <p> Shone glorious as a silver shield,</p> + <p> And earth and ocean seemed to say,</p> + <p> "Our beauties are but for a day."</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> + <p> I praised the sun, whose chariot roll'd</p> + <p> On wheels of amber and of gold;</p> + <p> I praised the moon, whose softer eye</p> + <p> Gleamed sweetly through the summer sky;</p> + <p> And moon and sun in answer said,</p> + <p> "Our days of light are numbered."</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> + <p> Oh God, oh good beyond compare!</p> + <p> If thus thy meaner works are fair!</p> + <p> If thus thy bounties gild the span</p> + <p> Of ruined earth, and sinful man;</p> + <p> How glorious must the mansion be</p> + <p> Where thy redeem'd shall dwell with thee!</p> +</div></div> + + + +<hr /> + + +<h3> + MECHANICAL TRIUMPHS. +</h3> + +<p> +To those interested in the mechanical sciences, and their application to +manufactures and the arts, England offers larger scope of observation +than any other country in the world. Throughout the vast establishments +of our cotton, woollen, linen, silk, and hardware manufactures, there +is even less to create astonishment in the multitude and variety of +the products, than in the exquisite perfection of the machinery +employed—machinery, such in kind, that it seems almost to usurp the +functions of human intelligence. No one can conceive its completeness, +who has not witnessed the workings of the power-loom, or seen the +mechanism by which the brute power of steam is made to effect the most +minute and delicate processes of tambouring. Nor can any one adequately +comprehend the mighty agency of the steam-engine, who has not viewed the +machinery of some of our mining districts, where it is employed on a +scale of magnitude and power unequalled elsewhere. In Cornwall,<a id="footnotetag5" name="footnotetag5"></a><a href="#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a> +especially, steam-engines may be seen working with a thousand horse +power, and capable (according to a usual mode of estimating their +perfection as machinery) of raising nearly 50,000,000 pounds of water +through the space of a foot, by the combustion of a single bushel of + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page204" name="page204"></a>[pg 204]</span> + +coals. No Englishman, especially if destined to public life, can fitly +be ignorant of these great works and operations of art which are going +on around him; and if time can be afforded in general education for +Paris, Rome, and Florence, time is also fairly due to Glasgow, +Manchester, Leeds, Birmingham, and Sheffield.—<i>Q. Rev.</i> +</p> + + + +<hr /> + + +<h3> + LEARNING FRENCH. +</h3> + +<p> +Fashion dominates in this, as in other things. Of late its dictation has +been to cradle children in French; often, even to prohibit English in +the nursery and school-room; and, frequently, at a later time, to detach +our youth from their own country, for the sake of forwarding the same +object in foreign <i>pensions</i>, or schools. We have seen this fashion +extending itself to more mature life; and serious and discreet men, +senators and judges, toiling painfully through elements, vocabularies, +and rules of pronunciation, to acquire an amount of speech sufficient to +attract ridicule, and produce inconvenience, but very inadequate to any +useful or ornamental purpose.—<i>Ibid.</i> +</p> + +<hr /> + + +<h3> + POOR-MAN-OF-MUTTON +</h3> + +<p> +Is a term applied to the remains of a shoulder of mutton, which, after +it has done its regular duty as a roast at dinner, makes its appearance +as a broiled bone at supper, or upon the next day. +</p> + +<p> +The late Earl of B., popularly known by the name of <i>Old Rag</i>, +being indisposed in a hotel in London, the landlord came to enumerate +the good things he had in his larder, to prevail on his guest to eat +something. The earl at length, starting suddenly from his couch, and +throwing back a tartan night-gown which had covered his singularly grim +and ghastly face, replied to his host's courtesy; "Landlord, I think I +<i>could</i> eat a morsel of a <i>poor man</i>." Boniface, surprised alike at +the extreme ugliness of Lord B.'s countenance, and the nature of the +proposal, retreated from the room, and tumbled down stairs precipitately; +having no doubt that this barbaric chief, when at home, was in the habit +of eating a joint of a tenant or vassal when his appetite was +dainty.—<i>Jamieson's Diet</i>. +</p> + +<hr /> + + +<h3> + THE GREEN ROOM. +</h3> + +<p> +Nothing can be more striking than to hear a lady, who has just been +figuring upon the stage as a coquette or a romp, explaining to some +friend the distress she is labouring under in consequence of the serious +illness of her mother or aunt; or to see a gentleman fresh from the +boards, upon which he has been amusing the audience as Caleb Quotem or +Jeremy Diddler, with tears in his eyes, and a low comedy wig on his +head, giving an account of the melancholy state of his wife and three +children, all dying of scarlatina; but such is too often the case: too +often, while the player is tortured with physical pain, or sinking under +moral distress, he is obliged in his vocation to wear the face of mirth, +and distort his features into the extremes of grimace. The actress, +writhing under the pangs of ingratitude in man, or insult from woman, is +similarly driven to strain her lungs to charm the ears of an audience, +or exhibit her graceful figure to the best advantage in the animated +dance, for the amusement of the half-price company of a one shilling +gallery, while her heart is bursting with sorrow; add to all these +inevitable ills, the constant labour of practice and rehearsal, the +caprice of the public, the tyranny of managers, the rarity of +excellence, the misery of defeat, and the uncertainty of health and +capability, and then might one ask, Who would be an actor, who could be +any thing else?—<i>Hook's Gervase Skinner</i>. +</p> + +<hr /> + + +<p> +The first Italian performer that made any distinguished figure in London +was Valentini, a true, sensible singer at that time, but of a throat too +weak to sustain those melodious warblings, for which the fairer sex have +since idolized his successors. However, this defect was so well supplied +by his action, that his hearers bore with the absurdity of his singing +his first part of Turnus, in <i>Camilla</i>, all in Italian, while every +other character was sung and recited to him in English.—<i>Life of +Colley Gibber.</i> +</p> + +<hr /> + + +<p> +To attain complex and difficult ends by simple means, whether in physics +or politics, falls not to the lot of man. What should we think of the +man who should insist on having a <i>simple watch</i>, which should +answer every object of that machine, and yet possess the simplicity of a +sun-dial? The artificer would naturally say to such a customer, "Sir, if +you want a sun-dial, you can have a very cheap and a very simple one; +but if you desire a watch, I shall be glad to learn how its operations +are to be accomplished without complex mechanism." +</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p> +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page205" name="page205"></a>[pg 205]</span> +</p> + + + + +<h2> + THE SELECTOR; +<br /> +AND<br /> +LITERARY NOTICES OF<br /> +<i>NEW WORKS</i>. +</h2> + +<hr /> + + +<h3> + A RUSSIAN WEDDING. +</h3> + +<center> +(<i>From Dr. Granville's Travels.</i>) +</center> + + +<p> +Early one day in November, a kind young friend, the son of Mr. Anderson, +the oldest English merchant in St. Petersburgh, whose attentions to me +were unremitting, put a finely embossed card into my hands, on which was +printed, in Russian characters, the following invitation, literally +translated:— +</p> + +<p> +"Ivan Ivanovitch and Prascovia Constantinova Ivanoff humbly request the +favour of your attendance on the marriage ceremony of their daughter +Anna Ivanowna with Nicholai Demetrivich Borissow, and to the +dinner-table, this November the 13th day, in the year 1827, at two +o'clock in the afternoon." +</p> + +<p> +On the embossed border of the card, delicately edged with rose colour, +the emblematic figure of Hymen was represented on the one side, standing +under a palm-tree, between the sleeping dogs of fidelity, and inviting +from the other side the figures of the bride and bridegroom. I learned +that the parties were wealthy Russian hemp-commission agents, and most +excellent people; and as such an invitation promised to afford me an +opportunity of witnessing the church marriage ceremony, of which I had +read so many dissimilar accounts, I gladly accepted it. At two, the +friends of the parties assembled from all quarters in the winter church +of the <i>Annunciation</i>, in the Vassileiostrow, where a great +concourse of people had already collected round the choristers or +chanters, who, in the most delightful manner imaginable, and in the fuga +style, were singing hymns, mixing with skilful combination the sopranos +and bass voices. We beguiled half an hour in listening to their strains, +waiting for the arrival of the bride. In the meantime I surveyed the +picturesque groups of people that kept gradually forming in various +parts of the church, where the kaftaned Russian, with his well-caressed +beard, mixed with the throng of young and good-looking females. Some of +the latter, dressed in the fashion of the country, their heads profusely +ornamented with gold and embroidered veils; and others, according to the +more attractive garb of the French, presented a striking contrast to +many of the assembled men, whom I understood to belong to the class of +Russian merchants, but who wore neither the kaftan nor the beard. Their +smooth and shaven faces, with the general style of dress common to most +of the European nations, scarcely permitted their being distinguished +from several English merchants present, who had been invited on the +occasion. The officiating priest, decked in his rich church vestments, +accompanied by the deacon advanced from the sanctuary towards the door +of entrance into the church, and there received the pair about to be +made happy, to whom he delivered a lighted taper, making, at the same +time, the sign of the cross thrice on their foreheads, and conducted +them to the upper part of the nave. Incense was scattered before them, +while maids, splendidly attired, walked between the paranymphy, or +bridegroom and bride. The Greek church requires not the presence of +either of the parents of the bride on such an occasion. Is it to spare +them the pain of voluntarily surrendering every authority over their +child to one who is a stranger to her blood? I stood by the side of the +table on which were deposited the rings, and before which the priest +halted at the conclusion of a litany, wherein the choristers assisted, +and from which he pronounced, in a loud and impressive voice, the +following prayer, his face being turned towards the sanctuary, and the +bride and bridegroom placed immediately behind him, holding their +lighted tapers:— +</p> + +<p> +"O Eternal God! thou who didst collect together the scattered atoms by +wonderous union, and didst join them by an indissoluble tie, who didst +bless Isaac and Rebecca, and made them heirs of thy promise; give thy +blessing unto these thy servants, and guide them in every good work: for +thou art the merciful God, the lover of mankind, and to thee we offer up +our praise, now and for ever, even unto ages of ages." +</p> + +<p> +The import of this beautiful invocation was at the time, interpreted to +me by a friend well acquainted with the whole service and office of +espousals, the language of which he assured me was all equally +impressive. The priest, next turning round to the couple, blessed them, +and taking the rings from the table, gave one to each, beginning with +the man, and proclaiming aloud that they stood betrothed, "now and for +ever, even unto ages of ages," which declaration he repeated thrice to +them, while they mutually exchanged the rings an equal number of times. +The rings were now again surrendered to the priest, who crossed the +forehead of the couple with them, and put them on the fore-finger of the +right hand of each; and turning to the sanctuary, read another +impressive part of the service, + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page206" name="page206"></a>[pg 206]</span> + +in which an allusion is made to all the circumstances in the Holy +Testament, where a ring is mentioned as the pledge of union, honour, and +power; and prayed the Lord "to bless the espousals of thy servants, Anna +Ivanowna and Nicholai Demetrivich, and confirm them in thy holy union; +for thou in the beginning didst create them, male and female, and +appointed the woman for a help to the man, and for the succession of +mankind. Let thine angel go before them to guide them all the days of +their life." The priest now taking hold of the hands of both parties, +led them forward and caused them to stand on a silken carpet, which lay +spread before them. The congregation usually watch this moment with +intense curiosity, for it is augured that the party who steps first on +the rich brocade will have the mastery over the other through life. In +the present case, our fair bride secured possession of this prospective +privilege with modest forwardness. Two silver imperial crowns were next +produced by a layman, which the priest took, and first blessing the +bridegroom, placed one of them on his head, while the other, destined +for the bride, was merely held over her head by a friend, lest its +admirable superstructure, raised by Charles, the most fashionable +perruquier of the capital, employed on this occasion, should be +disturbed. That famed artist had successfully blended the spotless +flower, emblematic of innocence, with the rich tresses of the bride, +which were farther embellished by a splended tiara of large diamonds. +Her white satin robe, from the hands of Mademoiselle Louise, gracefully +penciling the contours of her bust, was gathered around her waist by a +zone studded with precious stones, which fastened to her side a +<i>bouquet</i> of white flowers. The common cup being now brought to the +priest, he blessed it, and gave it to the bridegroom, who took a sip +from its contents thrice, and transferred it to her who was to be his +mate, for a repetition of the same ceremony. After a short pause, and +some prayers from the responser, in which the choristers joined with +musical notes, the priest took the bride and bridegroom by the hand, the +friends holding their crowns, and walked with them round the desk +thrice, having both their right hands fast in his, from west to east, +saying— +</p> + +<p> +"Exult, O Isaiah! for a virgin has conceived and brought forth a son, +Emanuel, God and man; the East is his name. Him do we magnify, and call +the virgin blessed!" +</p> + +<p> +Then taking off the bridegroom's crown, he said— +</p> + +<p> +"Be thou magnified, O bridegroom, as Abraham! Be thou blessed as Isaac, +and multiplied as Jacob, walking in peace, and performing the +commandments of God in righteousness." +</p> + +<p> +In removing the bride's crown, he exclaimed— +</p> + +<p> +"And be thou magnified, O bride, as Sarah! Be thou joyful as Rebecca, +and multiplied as Rachael; delighting in thine own husband, and +observing the bounds of the law, according to the good pleasure of God." +</p> + +<p> +The ceremony now drew to its conclusion, the tapers were extinguished +and taken from the bride and bridegroom, who walking towards the holy +screen were dismissed by the priest, received the congratulations of the +company, and saluted each other. We all now hurried to our carriages, +the youngest to their sledges, and took the direction of the house of +the bride's father, where we were received by that person in his Russian +costume, and with a flowing beard, who conducted the company, at the +sound of a full band of music, into the banqueting-room, already +prepared for about fifty guests, with tables decked with golden +<i>plateaux</i> and vases bearing artificial flowers, mixed with piles +of fruit and <i>bonbons</i>. Here a large assemblage of friends had +already met, through which we made our way to an inner room, where the +bride, seated by the side of her mother, and surrounded by matrons and +damsels, received, with becoming modesty, our congratulations. I was +surprised at finding in the gynęceum of a class of society of this +description, such agreeable and easy manners, untainted by the least +<i>gaucherie</i> or awkward pretensions. My engagement prevented my +remaining to dinner; but I returned time enough in the evening to be +present at the conclusion of the day's ceremony. The dinner had passed +off without any remarkable occurrence, and considering the ominous +quantity of Champagne consumed (a very favourite beverage on all gala +days with the middle classes of society at St. Petersburgh), I found the +party <i>almost</i> philosophical. Toasts to the bride and bridegroom +had been repeatedly drunk, and the night was far advanced when the +<i>passajonaiatetz</i> took the bride by the hand, and conducted her +into the bed-chamber, where he consigned her to the care of all the +married ladies present, himself retiring immediately after. Those +matrons assisted in disrobing her of the bridal vestments, and in +assuming the garb appropriate to the chamber in which they were. The +passajonaiatetz next performed the like office of conducting the +bridegroom to the chamber, + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page207" name="page207"></a>[pg 207]</span> + +who put on his <i>schlafrock</i>, or nightgown, the married ladies +having previously retired. These operations being concluded, the doors +of the bed-chamber were thrown open, and we all walked in in procession, +quaffing a goblet of Champagne to the health of the parties, kissing the +bride's hands, who returned the salutations on our cheeks, and embracing +<i>ą la Francaise</i> the cheeks of the bridegroom, who luckily, in the +present instance, had neither the Russian beard nor the modern English +whiskers. With one voice we then wished the happy pair a hearty +blessing, and withdrew, when the doors were closed. The company +gradually dispersed. Dinners and dancing went on for three successive +days. On the first of these I attended for a few minutes, being +determined to satisfy my curiosity to the last. I had, however, to pay +for this indulgence, having been compelled, by immemorial usage, on +entering the room, to drink a bumper of the sparkling juice to the dregs +in honour of the bride, to undergo the same ceremony of bride and +bridegroom's salutation, and to whirl half a round of a waltz with the +former. But I had made up my mind to bear even worse <i>inconveniences</i> +than these, should it have been necessary, rather than forego the +advantage of judging for myself of the truth or falsehood of the many +exaggerated and fanciful descriptions given by travellers of a Russian +wedding. To complete this account of what I <i>witnessed</i>, I should +add, that on the eighth day, the happy pair attended once more at the +church, for the ceremony of "dissolving the crowns," which is performed +by the priest, with appropriate prayers, in allusion to the rites of +matrimony. +</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + + + +<h2> +THE ANECDOTE GALLERY +</h2> + +<hr /> + + +<h3> + DOCTOR PARR. +</h3> + +<p> +Dr. Parr's nature was highly social; and he almost always spent his +evenings in the company of his family and his domestic visiters, or in +that of some neighbouring friends. He was fond of the pleasures of the +table; and probably, in the course of the whole year, few days passed in +which he did not meet some social party, round the festive board, either +at home or abroad. At such times his dress was in complete contrast with +the costume of the morning, for he appeared in a well-powdered wig, and +always wore his band and cassock. On extraordinary occasions he was +arrayed in a full-dress suit of black velvet, of the cut of the old +times, when his appearance was imposing and dignified. +</p> + +<p> +After dinner, but not often till the ladies were about to retire, he +claimed, in all companies, his privilege of smoking, as a right not to +be disputed; since, he said, it was a condition, "no pipe, no Parr," +previously known, and peremptorily imposed on all who desired his +acquaintance. Speaking of the honour once conferred upon him, of being +invited to dinner at Carlton-house, he always mentioned, with evident +satisfaction, the kind condescension of his present Majesty, then Prince +of Wales, who was pleased to insist upon his taking his pipe as usual. +Of the Duke of Sussex, in whose mansion he was not unfrequently a +visiter, he used to tell, with exulting pleasure, that his Royal +Highness not only allowed him to smoke, but smoked with him. He often +represented it as an instance of the homage which rank and beauty +delight to pay to talents and learning, that ladies of the highest +stations condescended to the office of lighting his pipe. He appeared to +no advantage, however, in his custom of demanding the service of holding +the lighted paper to his pipe from the youngest female who happened to +be present; and who was, often, by the freedom of his remarks, or by the +gaze of the company, painfully disconcerted. This troublesome ceremony, +in his later years, he wisely discarded. +</p> + +<p> +The reader will probably recollect, in the well-known story, his reply +to the lady by whom he had been hospitably entertained, but who refused +to allow him the indulgence of his pipe. In vain he pleaded that such +indulgence had always been kindly granted in the mansions of the highest +nobility, and even in the presence and in the palace of his sovereign. +"Madam," said Dr. Parr to the lady, who still remained inexorable, "you +must give me leave to tell you, you are the greatest—" whilst she, +fearful of what might follow, earnestly interposed, and begged that he +would express no rudeness—"Madam," resumed Dr. Parr, speaking loud, and +looking stern, "I must take leave to tell you, you are the +greatest—tobacco-stopper in England." This sally produced a loud laugh; +and having enjoyed the effects of his wit, he found himself obliged to +retire, in order to enjoy the pleasures of his pipe. +</p> + +<p> +Dr. Parr was accustomed to amuse himself in the evening with cards, of +which the old English game of whist was his favourite. But no entreaties +could induce him to depart from a resolution, which he adopted early in +life, of never playing, in any company whatever, for more than a nominal +stake. Upon one occasion only, he had been persuaded, + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page208" name="page208"></a>[pg 208]</span> + +contrary to his +rule, to play with the late Bishop Watson for a shilling, which he won. +Pushing it carefully to the bottom of his pocket, and placing his hand +upon it, with a kind of mock solemnity, "There, my Lord Bishop," said +he, "this is a trick of the devil; but I'll match him: so now, if you +please, we will play for a penny;" and this was ever after the amount of +his stake. He was not, on that account, at all the less ardent in the +prosecution, or the less joyous in the success, of the rubber. He had a +high opinion of his own skill in this game, and could not very patiently +tolerate the want of it in his partner. Being engaged with a party, in +which he was unequally matched, he was asked by a lady how the fortune +of the game turned? when he replied, "Pretty well, Madam, considering +that I have three adversaries!" +</p> + +<p> +Even ladies were not spared, who incurred his displeasure, either by +pertinacious adherence to the wrong in opinion, or by deficiency of +attention to the right and the amiable in conduct. To one, who had +violated, as he thought, some of the little rules of propriety, he said, +"Madam, your father was a gentlemen, and I thought that his daughter +might have been a lady." To another, who had held out in argument +against him, not very powerfully, and rather too perseveringly, and who +had closed the debate by saying, "Well, Dr. Parr, I still maintain my +opinion." He replied, "Madam, you may, if you please, <i>retain</i> your +opinion, but you cannot <i>maintain</i> it." +</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + + + +<h2> + THE GATHERER +</h2> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> + <p> "A snapper-up of unconsidered trifles."</p> + <p style="text-align: right;"> Shakspeare.</p> +</div></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3> + OBSTINATE PUN. +</h3> + +<p> +<i>Aliquid is mater unite dextra ordinari lęto he at.</i> +</p> + +<p> +A liquid is matter united extraordinarily to heat. +</p> + +<hr /> + + +<p> +A worthy Cambrian at the recent Eisteddfod, or Welsh Musical Festival, +after staying a short time at the concert, walked off, shaking his head, +exclaiming, "I like singing and drinking by turns—here it is all sing +and no drink—that will never do." +</p> + +<hr /> + + +<h3> + PARISIAN MARRIAGE MART. +</h3> + +<p> +Among the curious institutions in Paris, is an establishment by a +marriage negotiator, by means of which persons who are seeking for wives +are enabled to view all the females upon his list, who are placed in +different rooms with glazed doors, so classed as to give an easy +reference to the particulars on his books, as to their ages, fortunes, +and qualifications. When the inspector is satisfied with these +particulars, and with the personal appearance, an interview takes place, +and the bargain is struck. +</p> + +<hr /> + + +<p> +Captain Basil Hall has addressed a letter to a Scotch newspaper, stating +that the story of his <i>walking</i> 16,000 miles in fifteen months, is +a hoax—the whole journey being performed in land conveyances and +steam-vessels! Not a line is written of the "Book" of these exploits, +said to be "in the press;" the latter is by no means so great a blunder +as the former. +</p> + +<hr /> + + +<p> +A facetious <i>gourmand</i> suggests that the old story of "lighting a +candle to the devil," or as it has been corrupted, "<i>holding</i> a +candle to the devil," probably arose from the adage of "GOD sends meat, +and the devil sends cooks,"—and was an offering to his Infernal +Majesty, by some epicure who was in want of a cook. +</p> + +<hr /> + + +<h3> + GERMAN MODE OF PREVENTING TIPPLING. +</h3> + +<p> +The following is a late order from the mayor of a department in the +Isere:—-"All persons drinking and tippling upon Sundays and holidays, +in coffee-houses, &c. during the celebration of mass or vespers, are +hereby authorized to depart without paying for what they have had." +</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + +<p> +*<sub>*</sub>* ERRATA at page 189—for <i>Quoites</i> read <i>Quoties</i>, and in +the same line insert hyphen—thus, <i>mori-</i>. +</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h3> +LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE +</h3> + +<p> +BRITISH NOVELIST, Publishing in Monthly Parts, price 6d. each.—Each +Novel will be complete in itself, and may be purchased separately. +</p> + +<center> +<i>The following Novels are already Published:</i> +</center> + + +<table width="100%" summary="book list"> +<tr><td></td><td><i>s.</i></td><td><i>d.</i></td></tr> + +<tr><td> Mackenzie's Man of Feeling </td><td> 0 </td><td> 6</td></tr> +<tr><td> Paul and Virginia </td><td> 0 </td><td> 6</td></tr> +<tr><td> The Castle of Otranto </td><td> 0 </td><td> 6</td></tr> +<tr><td> Almoran and Hamet </td><td> 0 </td><td> 6</td></tr> +<tr><td> Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia </td><td> 0 </td><td> 6</td></tr> +<tr><td> The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne </td><td> 0 </td><td> 6</td></tr> +<tr><td> Rasselas </td><td> 0 </td><td> 8</td></tr> +<tr><td> The Old English Baron </td><td> 0 </td><td> 8</td></tr> +<tr><td> Nature and Art </td><td> 0 </td><td> 8</td></tr> +<tr><td> Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield </td><td> 0 </td><td>10</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sicilian Romance </td><td> 1 </td><td> 0</td></tr> +<tr><td> The Man of the World </td><td> 1 </td><td> 0</td></tr> +<tr><td> A Simple Story </td><td> 1 </td><td> 4</td></tr> +<tr><td> Joseph Andrews </td><td> 1 </td><td> 6</td></tr> +<tr><td> Humphry Clinker </td><td> 1 </td><td> 8</td></tr> +<tr><td> The Romance of the Forest </td><td> 1 </td><td> 8</td></tr> +<tr><td> The Italian </td><td> 2 </td><td> 0</td></tr> +<tr><td> Zeluco, by Dr. Moore </td><td> 2 </td><td> 0</td></tr> +<tr><td> Edward, by Dr. Moore </td><td> 2 </td><td> 6</td></tr> +<tr><td> Roderick Random </td><td> 2 </td><td> 6</td></tr> +<tr><td> The Mysteries of Udolpho </td><td> 3 </td><td> 6</td></tr> +<tr><td> Peregrine Pickle </td><td> 4 </td><td> 6</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<hr class="full" /> +<blockquote class="footnote"> +<a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a> +<b>Footnote 1</b>: +<a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> +Like the ancient Jews and Persians, the Druids had a sacred and +inextinguishable fire, which was preserved with the greatest +care. At Kildare it was guarded, from the most remote antiquity, +by an order of Druidesses, who were succeeded in later times by +an order of Christian Nuns. The fire was fed with peeled wood, +and never blown with the mouth, that it might not be polluted. +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"> +<a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a> +<b>Footnote 2</b>: +<a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> +"On the west front of the tower are two arches, one within the +other in relief. On the point of the outermost is a crucifix, +and between both, towards the middle, are figures of the Virgin +Mary and St. John, the latter holding a cup with a lamb. The +outer arch is adorned with knobs, and within both is a small +slit or loop. At the bottom of the outer arch are two beasts +couchant. If one of them <i>by his proboscis was not evidently an +elephant</i>, I should suppose them the supporters of the Scotch +arms. Parallel with the Crucifix are two plain stones, which do +not appear to have had anything upon them. Here is not the least +trace of a door in these arches, nor anywhere else, except in +the church." +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"> +<a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a> +<b>Footnote 3</b>: +<a href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a> +A church or chapel is generally to be found throughout the whole +Christian world near a ferry, to which the passenger went to +propitiate the Deity before embarking, and to express his +gratitude when safely arrived. +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"> +<a id="footnote4" name="footnote4"></a> +<b>Footnote 4</b>: +<a href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a> +See "Painting Cats," page 190. +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"> +<a id="footnote5" name="footnote5"></a> +<b>Footnote 5</b>: +<a href="#footnotetag5">(return)</a> +It is a remarkable proof of the amount of improvement effected +in some of the Cornish steam engines, that the result obtained +from a given quantity of coal, estimated in the manner alluded +to above, is nearly three times as great now as it was twenty +years ago. Nor will the spectator find more cause for +astonishment in the magnitude of these engines, than in the +order, or even beauty, of every minute part pertaining to them. +The furniture of a drawing-room is not more scrupulously +arranged, or preserved in a state of higher polish, than are +those huge representatives of human power. +</blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p> +<i>Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near +Somerset-House.) London: sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, +Leipsic; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers.</i> +</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, No. 333, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, *** + +***** This file should be named 15087-h.htm or 15087-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/0/8/15087/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the PG Online +Distributed Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + +</pre> + +</body> +</html> diff --git a/15087-h/images/333-1.png b/15087-h/images/333-1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..eb58add --- /dev/null +++ b/15087-h/images/333-1.png diff --git a/15087.txt b/15087.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ef47bc5 --- /dev/null +++ b/15087.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1997 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and +Instruction, No. 333, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, No. 333 + Vol. 12, Issue 333, September 27, 1828 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: February 17, 2005 [EBook #15087] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the PG Online +Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + + + + + + + + * * * * * + +THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION. + +VOL. XII, NO. 333.] SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 1828. [PRICE 2d. + + * * * * * + + + + +FIRE TOWER + +[Illustration: FIRE TOWER] + + +Throughout Scotland and Ireland there are scattered great numbers of +_round towers_, which have puzzled all antiquarians. They have of +late obtained the general name of _Fire Towers_, and our engraving +represents the view of one of them, at Brechin, in Scotland. It consists +of sixty regular courses of hewn stone, of a brighter colour than the +adjoining church. It is 85 feet high to the cornice, whence rises a low, +spiral-pointed roof of stone, with three or four windows, and on the top +a vane, making 15 feet more, in all 100 feet from the ground, and +measuring 48 feet in external circumference. + +Many of these towers in Ireland vary from 35 to 100 feet. One at Ardmore +has fasciae at the several stories, which all the rest both in Ireland +and Scotland, seem to want, as well as stairs, having only abutments, +whereon to rest timbers and ladders. Some have windows regularly +disposed, others only at the top. Their situation with respect to the +churches also varies. Some in Ireland stand 25 to 125 feet from the west +end of the church. The tower at Brechin is included in the S.W. angle of +the ancient cathedral, to which it communicates by a door. + +There have been numerous discussions respecting the purposes for which +these towers were built; they are generally adjoining to churches, +whence they seem to be of a religious nature. Mr. Vallencey considers +it as a settled point, that they were an appendage to the Druidical +religion, and were, in fact, _towers for the preservation of the +sacred fire[1] of the Druids or Magi_. To this Mr. Gough, in his +description of Brechin Tower,[2] raises an insuperable objection. But +they are certainly not belfries; and as no more probable conjecture has +been made on their original purpose, they are still known as _Fire +Towers._ + +For this curious relic we are indebted to Mr. Godfrey Higgins's erudite +quarto, entitled "The Celtic Druids," already alluded to at page 121 of +our present volume. + + + [1] Like the ancient Jews and Persians, the Druids had a sacred and + inextinguishable fire, which was preserved with the greatest + care. At Kildare it was guarded, from the most remote antiquity, + by an order of Druidesses, who were succeeded in later times by + an order of Christian Nuns. The fire was fed with peeled wood, + and never blown with the mouth, that it might not be polluted. + + [2] "On the west front of the tower are two arches, one within the + other in relief. On the point of the outermost is a crucifix, + and between both, towards the middle, are figures of the Virgin + Mary and St. John, the latter holding a cup with a lamb. The + outer arch is adorned with knobs, and within both is a small + slit or loop. At the bottom of the outer arch are two beasts + couchant. If one of them _by his proboscis was not evidently an + elephant_, I should suppose them the supporters of the Scotch + arms. Parallel with the Crucifix are two plain stones, which do + not appear to have had anything upon them. Here is not the least + trace of a door in these arches, nor anywhere else, except in + the church." + + * * * * * + + + + +SOME ACCOUNT OF STIRBITCH FAIR. + +BY A SEPTUAGENARIAN. + +(_For the Mirror._) + + +(Stirbitch Fair, as our correspondent observes, was once the Leipsic or +Frankfurt of England. He has appended to his "Account" a ground plan of +the fair, which we regret we have not room to insert; the gaps or spaces +in which, serve to show how much this commercial carnival (for such it +might be termed) has deteriorated; for the remaining booths were built +on the same site as during the former splendour of the fair. Our +correspondent accounts for this "decay, by the facilities of roads and +navigable canals for the conveyance of goods;" the shopkeepers, &c, +"being able to get from London and the manufacturing districts, every +article direct, at a small expense, the fair-keepers find no market for +their goods, as heretofore." His paper is, however, a curious +matter-of-fact description of Stirbitch, "sixty years since." We have +been compelled to reject all but one verse of the "Chaunt," on account +of some local allusions, the justice of which we do not deny, but which +are scarcely delicate enough for our pages. + +Stirbitch is still a festival of considerable extent, although it has +lost so much of its commercial importance. There are but few fortnight +fairs left: Portsmouth, we _recollect_, lasts 14 days, and there is +a fair held on some fine downs in Dorsetshire, which extends to that +period.) + +Stirbitch Fair is held in a large field near Barnwell, about two miles +from Cambridge, covering a space of ground upwards of two miles in +circumference. It commences on the 16th day of September, and continues +till the beginning of October, for the sale of all kinds of manufactured +and other goods, and likewise for horses. + +The etymology of the name of this fair has been much disputed. A silly +tradition has been handed down, of a pedlar who travelled from the north +to this fair, where, being very weary, he fell asleep at the only inn in +the place. A person coming into the room where he lay, the pedlar's dog +growled and woke his master, who called out, "Stir, bitch"; when the dog +seized the man by the throat, which proved to be the master of the inn, +who, to get released from the gripe of the dog, confessed his intention +was, with the aid of the ferryman who rowed him over from Chesterton, +to rob the pedlar; from which circumstance the fair ever after obtained +the name of _Stirbitch_. But a more reasonable derivation might be +found in the known custom of holding a festival on the anniversary of +the dedication of any religious foundation. There is a small and very +ancient chapel, or oratory, of Saxon architecture, still standing in +the field where the fair is kept; but to what saint dedicated, is not +recorded. I know not if a St. Ower is to be found in the calendar; if +there is, it will, by adding "wijk," or "wych," a district or boundary, +be no great stretch of invention to account for a transition from "St. +Ower wijch" to _Stirbitch_; or perhaps from a rivulet which empties +itself into the Cam at Quy-water, small streams, in some counties, being +called "stours." + +Leaving this argument, however, at the road-side chapel, we must proceed +to the fair, where the "busy hum of men" announced the approach of the +mayor and corporate body to make proclamation. First are, + + Mr. Samuel Saul, the beadle, and his + assistant, in full costume, with their + staves tipped with silver, bearing + the arms of the Corporation. + Next followed two trumpeters, in gowns, + on horseback. + Sackbut and clarionets. + The mace. + The Worshipful the Mayor, in a scarlet gown. + The Vicar of Barnwell, (formerly the + Abbot,) and other of the Clergy + and Collegians. + The Corporate Body, two and two. + The Deputy Beadle. + All the train, as above, on horseback, + robed in full costume. + + Then followed Gentlemen and Ladies in + their carriages and on horseback, + invited by the Mayor to the grand + dinner given on the occasion. + + +The proclamation was read, (heads uncovered,) first at the upper end +of the fair, next in the Mead where the pottery and coal fair were +held, and last at a little inn near the horse fair, in which place a +"Pied-poudre" court was held during the fair, for deciding disputes +between buyers and sellers, and for punishing abuses and breaches of the +peace in a summary way--stocks and a whipping-post being placed before +the door for that purpose. Here the mayor and the cavalcade partook of +some refreshment. + +Should the harvest be backward, and the corn not off the ground, the +booths, nevertheless, are erected, the farmers being, as they admit, +more than indemnified for their losses in that case, by the immense +quantity of litter, offal, and soil left on the ground after the +standings and booths are cleared away; besides which, they seize on +every thing left upon the land after a fixed day. This has sometimes +occurred, and the forfeiture of the goods and chattels so seized has +been recognised judicially as a fine for the trespass. This local +custom, sanctioned by usage from time immemorial, is without appeal. + +The booths were from 15 to 20 feet wide by 25 to 30 feet deep; they were +set out in two apartments, the one behind, about 10 feet wide, serving +for bed-room, dining-room, parlour, and dressing-room, The bedstead +was of _four posts and a lath bottom_, on which was laid a truss of +clean, dry straw, serving as a palliasse, with bed and bedding. The +front was fitted up with counters and shelves. The stubble was well +trodden into the ground; over which were laid sawdust and boards behind +and before the counters, to secure the feet from damp. The shutters, of +the space allowed for the windows, were fixed with hinges, and when let +down, rested upon brackets, serving as showboards for goods. The booths +were constructed of new boards, with gutters for carrying the rain off, +and covered with stout hair cloth, with which also a covering was made +to an arcade in front, about 10 feet wide. Under this the company +walked, protected from rain or the heat of the sun. + +The proclamation being made, the clamour and din from the trumpets, +drums, gongs, and other noisy instruments, began. The road from +Cambridge was actually covered with post-chaises, hackney-coaches from +London, gigs, and carts, which brought visiters to the fair from +Jesus-lane, in Cambridge, at sixpence each. As soon as you passed the +village of Barnwell, your attention was attracted by flags streaming +from the show-booths, suttling-booths, &c.; whilst your ears were +stunned with the "harsh discord" of a thousand Stentorian bawlers, and +the clang of jarring instruments of music. The show-booths were the +first on entering the fair, being situated on the north side of the high +road. Here were three companies of players, viz. the Norwich company, a +very large booth; Mrs. Baker's, whose clown, Lewy Owen, was "a fellow of +infinite jest and merriment;" and Bailey's. The latter had formerly been +a merchant, and was the compiler of a Directory which bore his name, and +was a work of some celebrity and great utility. Fronting these were the +fruit and gingerbread stands. On the opposite side of the road stood the +cheese fair, attended by dealers from all parts, and where many tons' +weight changed hands in a few days, some for the London market, by the +factors from thence; and such cheeses as were brought from Gloucester, +Cheshire, and Wiltshire, and not made elsewhere, were purchased by the +dealers and farmers of Norfolk, Suffolk, and Essex. Opposite the cheese +fair, on the north side of the road, stood the small chapel, which was +then used as a warehouse for wool, hops, seed, and leather[3]. Here were +the wool-staplers, hop-factors, leather-sellers, and seedsmen. The range +of booths in the front were for glovers, leather-breeches makers, +saddlers, and other dealers in leather. Opposite to this, at the end of +the line of show-booths, Garlick-row commenced; the first range being +occupied by hardwaremen, silversmiths, jewellers, and fine ironmongery. +The next range was the row of mercers and linen-drapers, where a draper +from Holborn had a stock of not less than 5,000_l_. value. The next +range of booths was occupied by stuff-merchants, hosiers, lacemen, +milliners, and furriers; here one vender has been known to receive from +1,000_l_. to 1,200_l_. for Norwich and Yorkshire goods. A lace-dealer +from Tavistock-street likewise attended here with a stock of 2,000_l_. +value, together with many other respectable tradesmen, with goods +according to the London fashion. Then followed the ladies and gentlemen's +shoe-makers, hatters, and perfumers; and next to the inn was an +extensive store of oils, colours, and pickles, kept by an oilman from +Limehouse, whose returns were seldom less than 2,000_l_. during the +fair; and the father of the writer of this article, who attended the +fair during forty years, usually brought away from 1,200_l_. to +1,500_l_. for goods sold and paid for on the spot, exclusive of those +sold on credit to respectable dealers, farmers, and gentry. On the +outside of the inn were temporary stables for baiting the horses +belonging to the visiters. The carriages were drawn up in the fields +in a line with the stables or standings for the horses. + +Next was the oyster fair; the oysters from Lynn, called the Lynn +channel, were the size of a horse's hoof, and were opened with a pair of +pincers. At the bottom, in the Mead, next the river, was the coal fair; +opposite which were the pottery and fine Staffordshire wares. Returning +to and opposite the oyster fair was the horse fair, held on the Friday +in the week after the proclamation. The show of beautiful animals here +was, perhaps, unrivalled by any fair in the empire; the choicest hunters +and racers from Yorkshire, muscular and bony draught-horses from Suffolk +and every other breeding county, drew together dealers and gentlemen +from all quarters, so that many hundreds of valuable animals changed +masters in the space of twelve hours. Higher up was Dockrell's +coffee-house and tavern, spacious and well stored with excellent +accommodations. About 200 yards onward was Ironmonger-row, where the +dealers from Sheffield, Birmingham, Wolverhampton, and other parts, +kept large stocks of all sorts of iron and tin wares, agricultural +implements, and tools of every description. About 20 yards from them, +westward, and bordering on the road, were slop-sellers, dealers in +haubergs, wagoners' frocks, and other habiliments for ploughmen; and +next, the Hatters'-row. Behind Garlick-row, next the show booths, stood +the basket fair, where were sold rakes for haymakers, scythe-hafts, and +other implements of husbandry, of which one dealer has been known to +sell a wagon-load or two. + +Having now made the promenade of the fair, let us step into one of +the suttling booths. The principal booth was the Robin Hood, behind +Garlick-row, which was fitted up with a good sized kitchen, detached +from a long room and parlour. Here were tables covered with baize, and +settles of common boards covered with matting. The roof covering was of +hair cloth, the same as the shops, but not boarded. + +When a new-comer or fresh man arrived to keep the fair, he was required +to submit to the ceremony of christening, as it was called, which was +performed as follows:--On the night following the horse-fair day, which +was the principal day of the whole fair, a select party occupied the +parlour of the Robin Hood, or some other suttling booth, to which the +novice was introduced, as desirous of being admitted a member, and of +being initiated. He was then required to choose two of the company as +sponsors, and being placed in an arm-chair, his shoes were taken off, +and his head uncovered. The officiator, vested in a cantab's gown and +cap, with a book in one hand and a bell in the other, with a verger on +each side, robed, and holding staves (alias broomsticks) and candles, +preceded by the suttler, bearing a bowl of punch, entered the parlour, +and demanded "If there was an infidel present?" Being answered, "Yes," +he asked, "What did he require?" Answer. "To be initiated." _Q._ +"Where are the oddfathers?" _R._ "Here we are." He then proceeded +as follows:-- + + + (_Plain chant_.) + + "Over thy head I ring this bell, + [_Rings the bell_, + Because thou art an infidel, + And such I know thee by thy smell. + + CHORUS. + + With a hoccius proxius mandamus, + Let no vengeance light on him, + And so call upon him." + + +Supper was then served up, at the moderate charge of one shilling +a head, exclusive of beer and liquors. The cloth being cleared, the +smokers ranged themselves round the fire, and kept up the meeting with +mirth and harmony, till all retired and were lulled to anticipating +dreams of the profits of the coming day, to which they woke with the +sun, cheerful and unenvious of each other's success. Such was Stirbitch +fair some sixty years ago, as witnessed by + +Your constant reader, + +[Greek: Senua] + + + [3] A church or chapel is generally to be found throughout the whole + Christian world near a ferry, to which the passenger went to + propitiate the Deity before embarking, and to express his + gratitude when safely arrived. + + + * * * * * + + + + +NOTES ON NORTHERN LITERATURE. + +(_For the Mirror_.) + + +Tordenskiold is a name frequently met with in the annals of Denmark. +A singular anecdote is connected with one of the bravest individuals +who ever bore the name--the renowned Admiral Tordenskiold, of the days +of Frederick IV. While he was yet a young and undistinguished naval +officer, he chanced to be in the hall of the royal palace at the time +that the king, wearied with the flatteries of some courtiers, who were +congratulating him on the success of his war with Sweden, exclaimed, +"Ay, I know what you will say, but I should like to know the opinion of +the Swedes themselves." Tordenskiold slipped unobserved from the royal +palace, hurried to his ship, set sail, and was in an hour on the coast +of Sweden. The first sight that caught his eye on landing was a bridal +procession. Hastily seizing bride, bridegroom, minister, peasants, and +all, he hurried them aboard, and returned to Denmark. Two hours had +scarcely elapsed from the moment of the king's expressing his wish, +when Tordenskiold, stepping from the crowd of courtiers who surrounded +his majesty, informed him that he had now an excellent opportunity of +gratifying his wishes, as Swedes of every class of society were in +waiting. The astonished monarch, who had not yet missed the young +captain from the hall, demanded his meaning; and on being informed of +the adventure, summoned the captives to his presence. After gratifying +his curiosity, he dismissed them with a handsome present, and ordered +them to be conveyed back to Sweden. The promptness of young Tordenskiold +was not forgotten, and he speedily rose to the high admiralship of +Denmark, a post which he filled with more glory than any other of his +countrymen, either before or since. + + * * * * * + + +The memoirs of Lewis Holberg, which have lately appeared in English, are +remarkably curious and interesting. It is not generally known, that this +celebrated writer, the Moliere of Denmark, was educated at Oxford, +whither he repaired penniless, to secure a good education. + + * * * * * + + +Holberg, Samsoe, and Oehlenschlager are the three dramatic luminaries of +Denmark. The best production of Samsoe is the play of _Dyveke_, +produced a few days after his death. Such was the enthusiasm it excited, +that the following epitaph was proposed to be inscribed on his tomb, in +the public cemetery of Copenhagen:-- + + "Here lies Samsoe; + He wrote _Dyveke_ and died." + + + * * * * * + +The best poet that Sweden has ever produced is Esaias Tegner, the bishop +of Wexio, now living. His first production was _Axel_, a short poem +on the adventures of one of those pages of Charles XII. who were sworn +to a single life, to be entirely devoted to the fortunes of war. He has +struck out great interest by plunging this hero in love, and painting +the conflicts between his passion and his reverence for his oath. The +words have been translated into Danish, German, and English. The latter +translation appeared in _Blackwood's Magazine._ Although the Danish +language is so akin to the Swedish, that translation is the worst of +the three. It is said that this poem procured Tegner the bishoprick of +Wexio. A singular circumstance is connected with it. A German literary +gentleman was so delighted with the version of it in his own language, +that he actually studied Swedish for the sole purpose of reading it in +the original. + +A compliment like this has rarely been paid, as the poem does not +contain more than about a thousand lines. Since then, Tegner has written +a poem, entitled _Frethioff's Sage_ founded on one of the wild and +singular traditions of the North. It has been more popular than even +_Axel_, and the announcement of a third poem from the same hand, +said to outdo all former efforts, excites the greatest interest in +Stockholm. + + * * * * * + + +Novels have only been introduced within these few years in Denmark. +Ingemann is their most successful manufacturer. His last production is +entitled _Valdemar Seier_, or Waldemar the victorious. The Danes +have translations of Sir Walter Scott and Cooper. + + * * * * * + + +It is supposed there are not above three persons in Copenhagen who +cannot speak German. Oehlenschlager, the best modern author of Denmark, +writes equally well in German and Danish. + +ANGLO-SVECUS. + + * * * * * + + + + +PLEASURES OF SNUFF-TAKING. + + + Let some the joys of Bacchus praise, + The vast delights which he conveys, + And pride them in their wine; + Let others choose the nice _morceau_, + The piquant joys of feasting know, + But other gifts are mine. + + Give me, ye gods, my quantum suff. + Of Grimstone's or Gillespie's snuff-- + These are the sorts I crave; + Defend me from the Lundyfoot, + 'Tis to my nostrils worse than soot, + And from the Irish save. + + Your Prince's Mixture I despise, + It clogs the head and dims the eyes-- + The nose rejects such burden; + Sure 'tis the critic's vast delight, + So dull and stupidly they write, + I call for witness ----. + + Oh! where shall I for courage fly? + Or what restorative apply? + A pinch be my resource; + Perchance the French are not polite, + And with my country wish to fight, + Then I must grieve perforce; + + Or, if with doubt the bosom heaves. + The heart for Grecian sorrows grieves, + And pines to see them fail. + Such critics sometimes court the muse, + And I perchance the rhymes peruse, + Then heaves the breast with pain. + + To soothe the mind in such an hour, + A pinch of snuff has ample power-- + One pinch--all's well again. + A pinch of snuff delights again, + And makes me view with great disdain, + And soothes my patriot grief. + + Thus for the list of human woes, + The pangs each mortal bosom knows, + I find in snuff relief: + It makes me feel less sense of sorrow, + When modern bards their verses borrow, + And soothes my patriot grief. + + Then let me sing the praise of snuff-- + Give me, ye gods, I pray, enough-- + Let others boast their wine; + Let some prefer the nice _morceau_ + And piquant joys of feasting know, + The bliss of snuff be mine. + + + * * * * * + + + + +ODE ON A COLLEGE FEAST DAY. + +(_For the Mirror._) + + + Hark! hear ye not yon footsteps dread + That shook the hall with thundering tread? + With eager haste, + The fellows past. + Each intent on direful work. + High lifts the mighty blade and points the deadly fork! + + But hark! the portals sound and pacing forth, + With steps, alas! too slow, + The college gips of high illustrious worth + With all the dishes in long order go; + In the midst, a form divine, + Appears the fam'd Sir-loin; + And soon with plums and glory crown'd, + A mighty pudding sheds its sweets around. + Heard ye the din of dinner bray? + Knife to fork, and fork to knife: + Unnumber'd heroes through the glorious strife, + Through fish, flesh, pies, and puddings cut their destin'd way. + + See, beneath the mighty blade, + Gor'd with many a ghastly wound, + Low the fam'd Sir-loin is laid, + And sinks in many a gulph profound. + Arise, arise, ye sons of glory, + Pies and puddings stand before ye; + See, the ghosts of hungry bellies + Point at yonder stand of jellies; + While such dainties are beside ye. + Snatch the goods the gods provide ye: + Mighty rulers of this state, + Snatch before it be too late, + For, swift as thought, the puddings, jellies, pies, + Contract their giant bulks, and shrink to pigmy size. + + From the table now retreating, + All around the fire they meet, + And, with wine, the sons of eating, + Crown, at length, the mighty treat: + Triumphant plenty's rosy graces + Sparkle in their jolly faces: + And mirth and cheerfulness are seen + In each countenance serene. + Fill high the sparkling glass, + And drink the accustom'd toast; + Drink deep, ye mighty host, + And let the bottle pass. + Begin, begin, the jovial strain, + Fill, fill, the mystic bowl, + And drink, and drink, and drink again, + For drinking fires the soul + + But soon, too soon, with one accord they reel + Each on his seat begins to nod. + All conquering Bacchus' power they feel, + And pour libations to the jolly god. + At length with dinner, and with wine oppressed, + Down in their chairs they sink, and give themselves to rest. + +HUGH DELMORE. + + + * * * * * + + + + + +THE TOPOGRAPHER + +VISIT TO MATLOCK BATHS. + +(_For the Mirror._) + + +It was on a fine evening in autumn, when the rays of departing day began +to glimmer in the west, and twilight had just spread her dusky gloom. +All was silent, save the low rushing of the Derwent stream, purling its +way through dense groves, and winding round the stupendous rock of +_Matlock's Vale._ As I paced along, the grave, sombre hue of evening +fell full on the rocks, which rose in magnificent grandeur, and seemed +to look with contempt on all around them. These beauties, combined with +the gray tint of the stone, the cawing of the rooks, which nestle in +the crevices and underwood, with now and then the screeching of the +night-owl,--were such as would make the most cold and indifferent +acknowledge the delight to be enjoyed in the silent walks of nature. + +Perhaps among all the varied scenery in the north of England, none is +more sublime than that of Matlock; whose romantic range, interspersed +with some of the finest touches of art, forms an interesting contrast. +The road from the village to the Baths is as diversified as sublime. +It is situated in the bosom of a deep vale; here, on one side, rocks +or crags, tower above you to the height of two hundred feet; at the base +they form, a graceful slant, which is covered with thick, clustering +foliage. On the summit, verdure is seen; and sometimes sheep, +unconscious of their danger, will stray, and nip the grass from the +very edge. Beneath flows the river Derwent, now, in rapid, though +solemn state, reminding us of the peaceful stream of life--but only in +fictitious calm, luring on to its more ruffled scenes; next, a rushing +noise reminds you a cataract is near, which, combined with the rustling +of the foliage by the breeze, wakens the mind to gratifying +contemplation. The other side is bounded by immense hills, which have a +gradual ascent. Along the regular connexion of the road are cottages, +whose symmetry adds the charm of artificial embellishment to this +luxuriant display of nature. Here you perceive a sumptuous villa; +a little farther, a simple cot, where nature has displayed her +master-hand: but the most charming group is where three rows of cottages +rise in regular succession towards the summit of the hill, their gardens +contrasting with the barren appearance of their opposite neighbours. +These delightful scenes alternate until your arrival at the Baths. + +The Baths are situated about one mile from the village of Matlock, and +are a collection of lodging-houses, which, during the summer season, are +usually occupied. The baths are filled by springs, which issue in great +abundance from limestone rocks; the water is exceedingly clear, and +bears a temperature of 68 deg. Fahrenheit. Here are the wells which produce +the petrifactions; any substance placed in them being, in the course of +a few months, covered with stone. Visiters are in the habit of leaving +various articles, which, by the ensuing season, thus become incrusted. +Birds' nests with eggs in them, baskets, shoes, &c. &c. are among the +articles which may be seen here. + +Matlock abounds with subterraneous caverns, which excite the surprise +and admiration of strangers. These are entered by a passage, formed +with immense labour through the solid rock. In the interior you are +surrounded by brilliant crystallizations, various kinds of metallic +ores, spars, &c., with petrifactions hanging from the roof, pendent as +icicles. The roofs of the numerous caves are of different descriptions; +some have the appearance of arches formed by the hand of man, others +appear to be immense masses of rock, which have fallen into their +present situation by chance, or through some violent convulsion of the +earth, by which they have been disjointed and separated. In several of +them there are fine springs of limpid water. Here are likewise several +productive lead mines. + +At the Museum the most interesting productions of the Peak are to be +seen. Many of the specimens are manufactured into vases, copied from the +antique. Besides the natural productions of the place, there are a great +variety of fine alabaster vases from Florence, with statues of various +kinds of Italian marble. Immediately facing the museum are the gardens, +called the Museum Gardens, in which are several grottoes, curiously +ornamented. Perched upon a rock, just at the entrance, is a fine +venerable hawk, of the bustard species, which was winged about four +years ago, and took its station there, from which spot it rarely moves. + +The Botanical Gardens, belonging to Mr. Bownes, are much visited, and +contain nearly seven hundred indigenous plants. They are situated along +the rise of the hill, known by the name of the Heights of Abraham, from +the summit of which can be enjoyed the most extensive views of the +scenery round Matlock. + +About half a mile from Matlock Baths is situated Willersley Castle, +the seat of R. Arkwright, Esq., built by his father, the late Sir +R. Arkwright. No spot could be more happily chosen for the site of a +mansion than than of Willersley. By the liberality of Mr. A. strangers +are admitted to the grounds, gardens, &c.; after passing through which, +you reach the summit of the hills, which immediately face the Old and +New Baths. This range of rocks is variously named; one, called the +Lover's Leap, is a most terrific height. After winding by a circuitous +route, you are led to the Lover's Walk, which is a shady path +immediately at the base. Here lovers may in + + "Sweet retirement court the shade." + + +In passing through one of the caverns, our guide, after describing to +us the various places, in general had a comment to make; one I well +remember. The solemnity of the situation, and stupendous grandeur of +the cave, struck me with mournful awe. At one part of the cave there was +a large hole or well, surrounded by a wooden railing, which our guide +informed us was fathomless. A party passing through the cavern, in the +full buoyancy of youth, after having expressed their surprise and +admiration at the wonders of the place, were preparing to retire, when +this spot was mentioned to them. Anxious to see all the curiosities, +they returned to this, when one of the party, in a playful mood, placed +his hands upon the shoulders of a young lady, and gently pushed her +forward. Somewhat terrified, she uttered a scream, but finding herself +unhurt, she endeavoured to turn round, when, horrible to relate, the +railing gave way, and she was precipitated into the abyss. Picture to +yourselves, if possible, the consternation caused by this dreadful +occurrence. The alarm was given, ropes, &c. provided, a man immediately +lowered, but all their efforts were ineffectual, for the body was never +discovered. + +M.S.P. + + * * * * * + + + + +STEAKS. + +People who want to enjoy a steak should eat it with shalots and +tarragon. Mr. Cobbett says, an orthodox clergyman once told him that he +and six others once ate some beef-steaks with shalots and tarragon, and +that they "voted unanimously, that beef-steaks never were so eaten +before." + + * * * * * + + + + +FINE ARTS. + + * * * * * + +THE CAT RAPHAEL. + + +Gottfried Mind was born at Bern, in the year 1768. His father, but a +short time before, had come in the capacity of joiner and form-cutter +into Switzerland from Lipsich, in Upper Hungary, and had fixed his abode +at Warblaufen, a village near Bern, where he was chiefly employed for +the paper-manufactory of one Herr Gruner, and soon after his arrival +purchased the freedom of Pizif, in the Waadtland. Young Mind, on account +of his weak constitution of body, was in great measure left to himself, +perhaps in the hope of making him healthier and stronger by the cheap +and easy means of idle running about. Herr Gruner was a lover of art; +during summer he had a German artist, named Legel, in his house, a +talented and active man, who often, in country excursions, drew +buildings and cattle from nature. This excited the attention of young +Mind in some of his idle rambles: he followed Legel every where, and +watched him while he worked. Legel, touched with compassion for the poor +boy, showed him what he was engaged with, or what he had already +finished; and, in the end, would take him along with him in his walks, +or amuse him in his own apartment with exhibitions of prints. In +particular, he allowed the boy, as often as he liked, to turn over +Ridinger's Animals, of which Herr Gruner had a collection; and some of +these Mind was not long in trying to imitate with the lead pencil, +preferring above all lions, which continued long his favourite animals. +These attempts Legel from time to time corrected, and, from less to +more, the youngster at length ventured to copy from nature, like his +master, and to draw some sheep, goats, and _cats_. + +His father, the joiner, however, thought that to draw on paper was +nothing, and wood was the only material on which it was worth one's +pains to work. Accordingly, whenever the boy asked paper for drawing, he +threw him a bit of wood; so that Gottfried was fain to try also cutting +animals in wood, an art in which he speedily attained such dexterity, +that, by degrees, his wooden sheep and goats came to ornament all the +presses and mantel-pieces in the village. Occasionally, too, he tried +drawing likenesses of some peasant boys of Worblaufen, or carving them +in wood; and these attempts were not unsuccessful. + +It is unknown on whose recommendation Mind, in his eighth year, was +placed at the academy for poor children, which Pestalozzi had previously +instituted at Neuenhof, near Bern, Aargau; but, in the year 1778, we +find, in the authentic account of that institution, published by the +Economic Society of Bern, the following short and somewhat clumsily +expressed notice:--"Friedly Mynth of Bossi (Mind of Pizy), of the +bailliwick of Aubonne, resident in Worblaufen, very weak, incapable of +hard work, full of talent for drawing, a strange creature, full of +artist-caprices, along with a certain roguishness: drawing is his whole +employment: a year and a half here: ten years old." Neither do we know +how long he remained at this academy; somewhere between the years 1780 +and 1785, he came to the painter, Sigmund Hendenberger, at Bern, a man +who had formed himself mostly at Paris in the Boucher school, but +afterwards rather inclined to Greuze's style, and who, by his painting +of Swiss family pieces, had acquired a considerable sum of money, and +a reputation not undeserved. With this person Mind learnt his art of +drawing, and colouring with water-colours, &c. but nothing more; in all +the other branches of human knowledge he remained at the lowest grade; +for he could with difficulty be made to write his name, and he had not +the slightest idea of arithmetic. Thus, for example:--once, when he had +to pay the postman six kreuzers for a letter, and Madame Freudenberger +gave him the money in two silver pieces, he positively refused to take +them and carry them down, affirming that two pieces were not enough; +and, though his mistress assured him that these were equal in value to +six kreuzers, still he persisted in his refusal, and went on grumbling +until the six kreuzers, one by one, were counted into his hand. This +ignorance and helplessness his master was not slow to take advantage of, +so that poor Mind never once thought of looking about him for a better +place. From his entrance into Freudenberger's house up to the time of +his death, there is nothing to tell of him except that he spent his +whole life on the selfsame stool, busied in colouring Freudenberger's +sheets so long as he was alive, and, after his death, in drawing and +painting, after his own fancy, bears, cats, and children at play, for +the benefit of the widow, with the same pitiful day's wages which he had +formerly received from his master. Many artists, after Freudenberger's +death, would gladly have taken poor Mind into their service, but, like +his beloved cats, he was so attached to the house, to his corner and its +appurtenances, that he constantly turned a deaf ear to such proposals; +and, at last, when Madame Freudenberger began to notice that the people +wished to buy away her Friedli from her, she would not let them come +near him; and only at rare times, and by way of special favour, allowed +a few acquaintances, whom she could depend on, to visit him in her +presence. She used, for the most part, to sit beside him herself, with +her knitting implements, spurring him on to work. When he had to copy +any of his drawings, he usually sketched the outline of them against the +glass of the window; and if, on these occasions, it chanced that some +boy, cat, dog, or other street passenger he might think worth looking +at, withdrew his eye for a moment from the work, his taskmistress failed +not to squall forth--"Gaping out again! Not a bit of work done all day! +Sit down with thee! Mind thy paper, and give over spying!" How meanly +he was kept in regard to clothing--how he had to sleep, for his life +long, in a child's bed, far too short for him, for want of a straw +mattress--and how, under such continual toil and miserable constraint, +he at last sank, and died of water in the chest, it is now needless to +say or to lament. We turn, rather, to the more pleasing contemplation of +what Mind, in this most unfavourable situation, nevertheless succeeded +in performing, and rendering himself as an artist. + +Mind's special talent for representing cats was discovered and awakened +by chance.[4] It was not till after Freudenberger's death that Mind +fully developed his peculiar talent for the objects to which, +subsequently, through his whole life, he applied himself with such +special affection, and which, accordingly, he succeeded in representing +with such fidelity and truth. The condition of peasant children, their +sorrows and joys, their sports and bickerings--the coarse insolence of +the richer, the timid dispiritment of the needy, all stood in lively +remembrance before his fancy, which liked to go back into that first and +only period of his freedom, though, perhaps, also of his beggarhood. +In Freudenberger's school he had learned a natural, easy, and +comprehensible arrangement of little groups, and a neat, dainty manner, +in which wise it was no difficult task for him to represent such scenes +with truth and grace. Thus we find these pictures of his, which, for +the most part, are painted on small sheets, his sports, banterings, +quarrellings, sledge-parties of children, with their half-frozen but +still merry faces, in their puffy yet not unpicturesque costume; his +beggar-boys, with their rag-ware on their backs, are almost always +genial and pleasing. In the course of his narrow, in-doors life, he +had worked himself into a friendly, nay, as it were, almost paternal +relation with domestic and fire-side animals, especially with cats. +While he sat painting, a cat might generally be seen sitting on his back +or on his shoulder; and many times he kept, for hours, the most awkward +postures, that he might not disturb it. Frequently there was a second +cat sitting by him on the table, watching how the work went on; +sometimes a kitten or two lay in his lap under the table. Frogs (in +bottle) floated beside his easel; and with all these creatures he kept +up a most playful, loving style of conversation; though, often enough, +any human beings about him, or such even as came to see him, were +growled or grunted at in no social fashion. His countenance, especially +in latter years, was a mixture of the bear's, the lion's, and the human, +for most part of a dull brick-colour; so that many people, particularly +children, were afraid to look at him. In figure he was very small, and +bent; but, at the same time, had hands and fingers of extraordinary +size and coarseness, with which, nevertheless, he produced the cleanest +and prettiest drawings. His chief diligence and most careful elegance +he brought to work in the painting of his beloved cats. In right +delineation of their forms he had the art to seize the general nature +of this animal, and, in the portrait-like indication of their various +physiognomies, to reflect the specific character of each. The +sycophantic look full of falseness, the dainty movements of the kittens, +several of which are sometimes painted sporting round their dam--all +this, in the most multifarious postures, turns, groups, sports, and +quarrels, is depicted with a true observance to nature,--nay, one might +say with genius and fidelity. + +On Sundays and winter nights, Mind, by way of pastime, used, out of +dried, wild chestnuts, to carve little cats, bears, and other beasts, +and this with so much art that these little dainty toys were shortly in +no less request than his drawings. It is a pity that insects, such as +frequently exist in the interior of chestnuts, have already destroyed so +many of these carvings. + +At the _Barengraben_ (bear-yard) in Bern, where a few live bears +are always to be seen, Mind passed many a happy hour; and, between the +beasts and him there seemed to prevail a singularly confidential +feeling. The moment Friedli--such was the name Mind was best known by in +Bern--made his appearance, the bears hastened towards him with friendly +grumbling, stationed themselves on their hind feet, and received, +impartially, each a piece of bread or an apple out of his pocket. For +this reason, bears, next to cats, were a favourite subject of his art; +and he reckoned himself, not unjustly, better able to delineate these +animals than even celebrated painters have been. Moreover, next to his +intercourse with living cats and bears, Mind's greatest joy was in +looking at objects of art, especially copper-plates, in which, too, +animal figures gave him most satisfaction. + +Herr Sigmund Wagner, of Bern, who possesses a choice collection of +copper-plates, frequently invited Mind, on winter Sunday evenings, to +his house, and would then show him his volumes. While Herr Wagner might +be writing, reading, or drawing, Mind, grumbled to himself half-aloud, +made his remarks on each sheet, and frequently gave a true, stubborn, +rugged judgment even on the most celebrated masters, especially on +pictures of animals; for, among these, nothing pleased him but the lions +of Rubens, of Rembrandt, and Potter, and the stags of Kidinger; the +other animals of the latter he declared to be falsely drawn. Even the +most applauded cats of Cornelius Vischer and Wenzel Hollar could not +obtain his approbation. After such picture-reviewing he used to drink +tea with Herr Wagner; and it seemed as if the baked ware presented +therewith was somewhat to his taste. Such evenings were, to a certain +extent, his heaven upon earth; nevertheless, he sometimes replied to +Herr Wagner's invitation with a "could not come--his Busi (puss) was +sick--he must stay with her." Another time he signified "that Busi was +like to have kittens to-day, and so it was impossible to leave her." + +Mind seldom drew from Nature; at most he did it with a few strokes. His +conception was so strong, that whatever he had once strictly observed, +stamped itself so firmly in his memory that, on his return home, and +often a considerable time afterwards, he could represent it with entire +fidelity. On such occasions he would look now and then, as it were, into +himself; and when at these moments, he lifted his head, his eyes had +something dreamy in them. + +An increasing disorder in the breast had put him past all exertion for +the space of a year; and, on the 17th of November, 1814, a paroxysm of +his malady carried him off, in the 46th year of his age. + +_Foreign Review_. + + [4] See "Painting Cats," page 190. + + * * * * * + + +THE COLISEUM, REGENT'S PARK, + +Will be opened in about four months. Our readers are aware that it +will present a _Panoramic View of London_, taken from the dome of +St. Paul's Cathedral, and imitated in a bungling manner in a recent +pantomime at Covent Garden Theatre. The picture covers 40,000 square +feet, or nearly an acre of canvass; the dome of the building on which +the sky is painted, is 30 feet more in diameter than the cupola of +St. Paul's; and the circumference of the horizon visible from the +point of view, is nearly 130 miles. "The _Coliseum_" is evidently +a misnomer, since the building is very similar to the _Pantheon_ at +Rome; but we perceive by a letter from the proprietor, that its proper +designation is the "_Colosseum_." + + * * * * * + + +MR. HAYDON + +Has just finished a companion to his admirable picture of the _Mock +Election in the King's Bench_, viz. the _Chairing of the Members_. +The first-mentioned is now in the king's collection at Windsor. + + * * * * * + + + + + +NOTES OF A READER + + * * * * * + +THE JEWS. + + +The undeviating and uniform identity of the features and general +character of countenance, which accompany the Jews, wherever they +settle, is one of the most curious phenomena in nature; climate and all +those physical circumstances belonging to localities, which work such +wonderful changes in the physical character of man, appear to have no +influence upon the tribe of Israel. The circumcised of Monmouth-street +is as like that of Judea-Gape, in Frankfort, as two individuals of the +same nation can be; let them be by birth and residence German, English, +Russian, Portuguese, or Polish, still the one and only set of features +belonging to the race will be seen equally in all.--_Granville's, +Tour_. + + * * * * * + + +FRENCH MUSIC. + +About the year 1760, Piccini, who was the Rossini of his day, was called +to Paris to reform the grand opera. The French, roused by the elegant +tirades of Rousseau, and the piquant witticisms of all the foreigners +who visited Paris, began to conceive it possible that their music was +not the finest in the world. The reform which Piccini introduced, was +however, but partial, and the French insisted on having Italian music +adapted to French words. They have still an opera of their own; but +nothing can be more noisy, or less harmonious than the music at the +Academie Royale--all tumult, glitter, and show. There is no ballet, +except that incidental to the opera; but in scenery and machinery they +surprise the English visiter. The French military bands too are equally +discordant; so fond are they of drums, that they seem to have converted +the tympana of their ears into parchment. + + * * * * * + + +MATHEMATICS. + +We consider it quite possible to bring down to ordinary capacities even +the truths of pure mathematics, by the substitution of a less general +and precise species of evidence. We have ourselves made the attempt, and +hence we are satisfied of its entire practicability. Into what a small +space would the useful and practical truths of geometry be reduced, were +we to dispense with the auxiliary propositions which are required merely +to complete the rigid process of demonstration. How simple, for example, +would be the doctrine of parallel lines!--_Foreign Review_. + + * * * * * + + +THE SOUTH SEAS. + +The government of the United States are fitting out a commercial +expedition to explore the South Seas. The vessels are to stay long +enough to complete the necessary inquiries, to ensure the safety of the +traders, and to give time for the establishment and consolidation of +relations of reciprocal utility. The advantages which it is evident +America must derive from this undertaking will, it is supposed, not cost +more than 50,000 dollars--_Lit. Gaz._ + + * * * * * + + +THE OPERA. + +Rousseau defines the opera to be a dramatic, lyrical, and scenic +representation, in which agreeable sensations are conveyed by the +combined effect of all the fine arts, the poetry and action being +addressed to the mind, the music to the ear, and the scenic decorations +to the eye of the spectator. + + * * * * * + + +PICTURESQUE DRESSES IN SPANISH MARKETS. + +On entering Madrid by the gate of Toledo, or the Place de la Cenada, +where the market is held, nothing is more striking than the confused +mass of people from the country and provinces. There a Castilian draws +around him with dignity the folds of his ample cloak, like a Roman +senator in his toga. Here a cowherd from La Mancha, with his long goad +in his hand, clad in a kilt of ox-skin, whose antique shape bears some +resemblance to the tunic worn by the Roman and Gothic warriors. Farther +on may be seen men with their hair confined in long nets of silk. Others +wearing a kind of short brown vest, striped with blue and red, conveying +the idea of Moorish garb. The men who wear this dress come from +Andalusia. + + * * * * * + + +HYMN. + + + I praised the earth, in beauty seen, + With garlands gay of various green; + I praised the sea, whose ample field + Shone glorious as a silver shield, + And earth and ocean seemed to say, + "Our beauties are but for a day." + + I praised the sun, whose chariot roll'd + On wheels of amber and of gold; + I praised the moon, whose softer eye + Gleamed sweetly through the summer sky; + And moon and sun in answer said, + "Our days of light are numbered." + + Oh God, oh good beyond compare! + If thus thy meaner works are fair! + If thus thy bounties gild the span + Of ruined earth, and sinful man; + How glorious must the mansion be + Where thy redeem'd shall dwell with thee! + + + * * * * * + + +MECHANICAL TRIUMPHS. + +To those interested in the mechanical sciences, and their application to +manufactures and the arts, England offers larger scope of observation +than any other country in the world. Throughout the vast establishments +of our cotton, woollen, linen, silk, and hardware manufactures, there +is even less to create astonishment in the multitude and variety of +the products, than in the exquisite perfection of the machinery +employed--machinery, such in kind, that it seems almost to usurp the +functions of human intelligence. No one can conceive its completeness, +who has not witnessed the workings of the power-loom, or seen the +mechanism by which the brute power of steam is made to effect the most +minute and delicate processes of tambouring. Nor can any one adequately +comprehend the mighty agency of the steam-engine, who has not viewed the +machinery of some of our mining districts, where it is employed on a +scale of magnitude and power unequalled elsewhere. In Cornwall,[5] +especially, steam-engines may be seen working with a thousand horse +power, and capable (according to a usual mode of estimating their +perfection as machinery) of raising nearly 50,000,000 pounds of water +through the space of a foot, by the combustion of a single bushel of +coals. No Englishman, especially if destined to public life, can fitly +be ignorant of these great works and operations of art which are going +on around him; and if time can be afforded in general education for +Paris, Rome, and Florence, time is also fairly due to Glasgow, +Manchester, Leeds, Birmingham, and Sheffield.--_Q. Rev._ + + + [5] It is a remarkable proof of the amount of improvement effected + in some of the Cornish steam engines, that the result obtained + from a given quantity of coal, estimated in the manner alluded + to above, is nearly three times as great now as it was twenty + years ago. Nor will the spectator find more cause for + astonishment in the magnitude of these engines, than in the + order, or even beauty, of every minute part pertaining to them. + The furniture of a drawing-room is not more scrupulously + arranged, or preserved in a state of higher polish, than are + those huge representatives of human power. + + * * * * * + + +LEARNING FRENCH. + +Fashion dominates in this, as in other things. Of late its dictation has +been to cradle children in French; often, even to prohibit English in +the nursery and school-room; and, frequently, at a later time, to detach +our youth from their own country, for the sake of forwarding the same +object in foreign _pensions_, or schools. We have seen this fashion +extending itself to more mature life; and serious and discreet men, +senators and judges, toiling painfully through elements, vocabularies, +and rules of pronunciation, to acquire an amount of speech sufficient to +attract ridicule, and produce inconvenience, but very inadequate to any +useful or ornamental purpose.--_Ibid._ + + * * * * * + + +POOR-MAN-OF-MUTTON + +Is a term applied to the remains of a shoulder of mutton, which, after +it has done its regular duty as a roast at dinner, makes its appearance +as a broiled bone at supper, or upon the next day. + +The late Earl of B., popularly known by the name of _Old Rag_, +being indisposed in a hotel in London, the landlord came to enumerate +the good things he had in his larder, to prevail on his guest to eat +something. The earl at length, starting suddenly from his couch, and +throwing back a tartan night-gown which had covered his singularly grim +and ghastly face, replied to his host's courtesy; "Landlord, I think +I _could_ eat a morsel of a _poor man_." Boniface, surprised alike at +the extreme ugliness of Lord B.'s countenance, and the nature of the +proposal, retreated from the room, and tumbled down stairs precipitately; +having no doubt that this barbaric chief, when at home, was in the habit +of eating a joint of a tenant or vassal when his appetite was +dainty.--_Jamieson's Diet_. + + * * * * * + + +THE GREEN ROOM. + +Nothing can be more striking than to hear a lady, who has just been +figuring upon the stage as a coquette or a romp, explaining to some +friend the distress she is labouring under in consequence of the serious +illness of her mother or aunt; or to see a gentleman fresh from the +boards, upon which he has been amusing the audience as Caleb Quotem or +Jeremy Diddler, with tears in his eyes, and a low comedy wig on his +head, giving an account of the melancholy state of his wife and three +children, all dying of scarlatina; but such is too often the case: too +often, while the player is tortured with physical pain, or sinking under +moral distress, he is obliged in his vocation to wear the face of mirth, +and distort his features into the extremes of grimace. The actress, +writhing under the pangs of ingratitude in man, or insult from woman, is +similarly driven to strain her lungs to charm the ears of an audience, +or exhibit her graceful figure to the best advantage in the animated +dance, for the amusement of the half-price company of a one shilling +gallery, while her heart is bursting with sorrow; add to all these +inevitable ills, the constant labour of practice and rehearsal, +the caprice of the public, the tyranny of managers, the rarity of +excellence, the misery of defeat, and the uncertainty of health and +capability, and then might one ask, Who would be an actor, who could +be any thing else?--_Hook's Gervase Skinner_. + + * * * * * + + +The first Italian performer that made any distinguished figure in London +was Valentini, a true, sensible singer at that time, but of a throat too +weak to sustain those melodious warblings, for which the fairer sex have +since idolized his successors. However, this defect was so well supplied +by his action, that his hearers bore with the absurdity of his singing +his first part of Turnus, in _Camilla_, all in Italian, while every +other character was sung and recited to him in English.--_Life of +Colley Gibber._ + + * * * * * + + +To attain complex and difficult ends by simple means, whether in +physics or politics, falls not to the lot of man. What should we think +of the man who should insist on having a _simple watch_, which should +answer every object of that machine, and yet possess the simplicity of a +sun-dial? The artificer would naturally say to such a customer, "Sir, if +you want a sun-dial, you can have a very cheap and a very simple one; +but if you desire a watch, I shall be glad to learn how its operations +are to be accomplished without complex mechanism." + + * * * * * + + + + +THE SELECTOR; + +AND LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS_. + + * * * * * + + +A RUSSIAN WEDDING. + +(_From Dr. Granville's Travels._) + + +Early one day in November, a kind young friend, the son of Mr. Anderson, +the oldest English merchant in St. Petersburgh, whose attentions to me +were unremitting, put a finely embossed card into my hands, on which was +printed, in Russian characters, the following invitation, literally +translated:-- + +"Ivan Ivanovitch and Prascovia Constantinova Ivanoff humbly request +the favour of your attendance on the marriage ceremony of their +daughter Anna Ivanowna with Nicholai Demetrivich Borissow, and to the +dinner-table, this November the 13th day, in the year 1827, at two +o'clock in the afternoon." + +On the embossed border of the card, delicately edged with rose colour, +the emblematic figure of Hymen was represented on the one side, standing +under a palm-tree, between the sleeping dogs of fidelity, and inviting +from the other side the figures of the bride and bridegroom. I learned +that the parties were wealthy Russian hemp-commission agents, and most +excellent people; and as such an invitation promised to afford me an +opportunity of witnessing the church marriage ceremony, of which I had +read so many dissimilar accounts, I gladly accepted it. At two, the +friends of the parties assembled from all quarters in the winter +church of the _Annunciation_, in the Vassileiostrow, where a great +concourse of people had already collected round the choristers or +chanters, who, in the most delightful manner imaginable, and in the fuga +style, were singing hymns, mixing with skilful combination the sopranos +and bass voices. We beguiled half an hour in listening to their strains, +waiting for the arrival of the bride. In the meantime I surveyed the +picturesque groups of people that kept gradually forming in various +parts of the church, where the kaftaned Russian, with his well-caressed +beard, mixed with the throng of young and good-looking females. Some of +the latter, dressed in the fashion of the country, their heads profusely +ornamented with gold and embroidered veils; and others, according to the +more attractive garb of the French, presented a striking contrast to +many of the assembled men, whom I understood to belong to the class of +Russian merchants, but who wore neither the kaftan nor the beard. Their +smooth and shaven faces, with the general style of dress common to most +of the European nations, scarcely permitted their being distinguished +from several English merchants present, who had been invited on the +occasion. The officiating priest, decked in his rich church vestments, +accompanied by the deacon advanced from the sanctuary towards the door +of entrance into the church, and there received the pair about to be +made happy, to whom he delivered a lighted taper, making, at the same +time, the sign of the cross thrice on their foreheads, and conducted +them to the upper part of the nave. Incense was scattered before them, +while maids, splendidly attired, walked between the paranymphy, or +bridegroom and bride. The Greek church requires not the presence of +either of the parents of the bride on such an occasion. Is it to spare +them the pain of voluntarily surrendering every authority over their +child to one who is a stranger to her blood? I stood by the side of the +table on which were deposited the rings, and before which the priest +halted at the conclusion of a litany, wherein the choristers assisted, +and from which he pronounced, in a loud and impressive voice, the +following prayer, his face being turned towards the sanctuary, and the +bride and bridegroom placed immediately behind him, holding their +lighted tapers:-- + +"O Eternal God! thou who didst collect together the scattered atoms by +wonderous union, and didst join them by an indissoluble tie, who didst +bless Isaac and Rebecca, and made them heirs of thy promise; give thy +blessing unto these thy servants, and guide them in every good work: for +thou art the merciful God, the lover of mankind, and to thee we offer up +our praise, now and for ever, even unto ages of ages." + +The import of this beautiful invocation was at the time, interpreted to +me by a friend well acquainted with the whole service and office of +espousals, the language of which he assured me was all equally +impressive. The priest, next turning round to the couple, blessed them, +and taking the rings from the table, gave one to each, beginning with +the man, and proclaiming aloud that they stood betrothed, "now and for +ever, even unto ages of ages," which declaration he repeated thrice to +them, while they mutually exchanged the rings an equal number of times. +The rings were now again surrendered to the priest, who crossed the +forehead of the couple with them, and put them on the fore-finger +of the right hand of each; and turning to the sanctuary, read another +impressive part of the service, in which an allusion is made to all the +circumstances in the Holy Testament, where a ring is mentioned as the +pledge of union, honour, and power; and prayed the Lord "to bless the +espousals of thy servants, Anna Ivanowna and Nicholai Demetrivich, and +confirm them in thy holy union; for thou in the beginning didst create +them, male and female, and appointed the woman for a help to the man, +and for the succession of mankind. Let thine angel go before them to +guide them all the days of their life." The priest now taking hold of +the hands of both parties, led them forward and caused them to stand on +a silken carpet, which lay spread before them. The congregation usually +watch this moment with intense curiosity, for it is augured that the +party who steps first on the rich brocade will have the mastery over +the other through life. In the present case, our fair bride secured +possession of this prospective privilege with modest forwardness. Two +silver imperial crowns were next produced by a layman, which the priest +took, and first blessing the bridegroom, placed one of them on his head, +while the other, destined for the bride, was merely held over her head +by a friend, lest its admirable superstructure, raised by Charles, the +most fashionable perruquier of the capital, employed on this occasion, +should be disturbed. That famed artist had successfully blended the +spotless flower, emblematic of innocence, with the rich tresses of the +bride, which were farther embellished by a splended tiara of large +diamonds. Her white satin robe, from the hands of Mademoiselle Louise, +gracefully penciling the contours of her bust, was gathered around her +waist by a zone studded with precious stones, which fastened to her +side a _bouquet_ of white flowers. The common cup being now brought to +the priest, he blessed it, and gave it to the bridegroom, who took a sip +from its contents thrice, and transferred it to her who was to be his +mate, for a repetition of the same ceremony. After a short pause, and +some prayers from the responser, in which the choristers joined with +musical notes, the priest took the bride and bridegroom by the hand, +the friends holding their crowns, and walked with them round the desk +thrice, having both their right hands fast in his, from west to east, +saying-- + +"Exult, O Isaiah! for a virgin has conceived and brought forth a son, +Emanuel, God and man; the East is his name. Him do we magnify, and call +the virgin blessed!" + +Then taking off the bridegroom's crown, he said-- + +"Be thou magnified, O bridegroom, as Abraham! Be thou blessed as Isaac, +and multiplied as Jacob, walking in peace, and performing the +commandments of God in righteousness." + +In removing the bride's crown, he exclaimed-- + +"And be thou magnified, O bride, as Sarah! Be thou joyful as Rebecca, +and multiplied as Rachael; delighting in thine own husband, and +observing the bounds of the law, according to the good pleasure of God." + +The ceremony now drew to its conclusion, the tapers were extinguished +and taken from the bride and bridegroom, who walking towards the holy +screen were dismissed by the priest, received the congratulations of the +company, and saluted each other. We all now hurried to our carriages, +the youngest to their sledges, and took the direction of the house of +the bride's father, where we were received by that person in his Russian +costume, and with a flowing beard, who conducted the company, at the +sound of a full band of music, into the banqueting-room, already +prepared for about fifty guests, with tables decked with golden +_plateaux_ and vases bearing artificial flowers, mixed with piles +of fruit and _bonbons_. Here a large assemblage of friends had +already met, through which we made our way to an inner room, where the +bride, seated by the side of her mother, and surrounded by matrons and +damsels, received, with becoming modesty, our congratulations. I was +surprised at finding in the gynaeceum of a class of society of this +description, such agreeable and easy manners, untainted by the least +_gaucherie_ or awkward pretensions. My engagement prevented my +remaining to dinner; but I returned time enough in the evening to be +present at the conclusion of the day's ceremony. The dinner had passed +off without any remarkable occurrence, and considering the ominous +quantity of Champagne consumed (a very favourite beverage on all gala +days with the middle classes of society at St. Petersburgh), I found +the party _almost_ philosophical. Toasts to the bride and bridegroom +had been repeatedly drunk, and the night was far advanced when the +_passajonaiatetz_ took the bride by the hand, and conducted her +into the bed-chamber, where he consigned her to the care of all the +married ladies present, himself retiring immediately after. Those +matrons assisted in disrobing her of the bridal vestments, and in +assuming the garb appropriate to the chamber in which they were. +The passajonaiatetz next performed the like office of conducting +the bridegroom to the chamber, who put on his _schlafrock_, or +nightgown, the married ladies having previously retired. These +operations being concluded, the doors of the bed-chamber were thrown +open, and we all walked in in procession, quaffing a goblet of Champagne +to the health of the parties, kissing the bride's hands, who returned +the salutations on our cheeks, and embracing _a la Francaise_ the +cheeks of the bridegroom, who luckily, in the present instance, had +neither the Russian beard nor the modern English whiskers. With one +voice we then wished the happy pair a hearty blessing, and withdrew, +when the doors were closed. The company gradually dispersed. Dinners +and dancing went on for three successive days. On the first of these +I attended for a few minutes, being determined to satisfy my curiosity +to the last. I had, however, to pay for this indulgence, having been +compelled, by immemorial usage, on entering the room, to drink a bumper +of the sparkling juice to the dregs in honour of the bride, to undergo +the same ceremony of bride and bridegroom's salutation, and to whirl +half a round of a waltz with the former. But I had made up my mind +to bear even worse _inconveniences_ than these, should it have been +necessary, rather than forego the advantage of judging for myself of the +truth or falsehood of the many exaggerated and fanciful descriptions +given by travellers of a Russian wedding. To complete this account of +what I _witnessed_, I should add, that on the eighth day, the happy +pair attended once more at the church, for the ceremony of "dissolving +the crowns," which is performed by the priest, with appropriate prayers, +in allusion to the rites of matrimony. + + * * * * * + + + + +THE ANECDOTE GALLERY + + * * * * * + + +DOCTOR PARR. + +Dr. Parr's nature was highly social; and he almost always spent his +evenings in the company of his family and his domestic visiters, or in +that of some neighbouring friends. He was fond of the pleasures of the +table; and probably, in the course of the whole year, few days passed in +which he did not meet some social party, round the festive board, either +at home or abroad. At such times his dress was in complete contrast with +the costume of the morning, for he appeared in a well-powdered wig, and +always wore his band and cassock. On extraordinary occasions he was +arrayed in a full-dress suit of black velvet, of the cut of the old +times, when his appearance was imposing and dignified. + +After dinner, but not often till the ladies were about to retire, he +claimed, in all companies, his privilege of smoking, as a right not to +be disputed; since, he said, it was a condition, "no pipe, no Parr," +previously known, and peremptorily imposed on all who desired his +acquaintance. Speaking of the honour once conferred upon him, of being +invited to dinner at Carlton-house, he always mentioned, with evident +satisfaction, the kind condescension of his present Majesty, then Prince +of Wales, who was pleased to insist upon his taking his pipe as usual. +Of the Duke of Sussex, in whose mansion he was not unfrequently a +visiter, he used to tell, with exulting pleasure, that his Royal +Highness not only allowed him to smoke, but smoked with him. He often +represented it as an instance of the homage which rank and beauty +delight to pay to talents and learning, that ladies of the highest +stations condescended to the office of lighting his pipe. He appeared to +no advantage, however, in his custom of demanding the service of holding +the lighted paper to his pipe from the youngest female who happened to +be present; and who was, often, by the freedom of his remarks, or by the +gaze of the company, painfully disconcerted. This troublesome ceremony, +in his later years, he wisely discarded. + +The reader will probably recollect, in the well-known story, his reply +to the lady by whom he had been hospitably entertained, but who refused +to allow him the indulgence of his pipe. In vain he pleaded that such +indulgence had always been kindly granted in the mansions of the highest +nobility, and even in the presence and in the palace of his sovereign. +"Madam," said Dr. Parr to the lady, who still remained inexorable, +"you must give me leave to tell you, you are the greatest--" whilst she, +fearful of what might follow, earnestly interposed, and begged that he +would express no rudeness--"Madam," resumed Dr. Parr, speaking loud, +and looking stern, "I must take leave to tell you, you are the +greatest--tobacco-stopper in England." This sally produced a loud laugh; +and having enjoyed the effects of his wit, he found himself obliged to +retire, in order to enjoy the pleasures of his pipe. + +Dr. Parr was accustomed to amuse himself in the evening with cards, of +which the old English game of whist was his favourite. But no entreaties +could induce him to depart from a resolution, which he adopted early in +life, of never playing, in any company whatever, for more than a nominal +stake. Upon one occasion only, he had been persuaded, contrary to his +rule, to play with the late Bishop Watson for a shilling, which he won. +Pushing it carefully to the bottom of his pocket, and placing his hand +upon it, with a kind of mock solemnity, "There, my Lord Bishop," said +he, "this is a trick of the devil; but I'll match him: so now, if you +please, we will play for a penny;" and this was ever after the amount of +his stake. He was not, on that account, at all the less ardent in the +prosecution, or the less joyous in the success, of the rubber. He had a +high opinion of his own skill in this game, and could not very patiently +tolerate the want of it in his partner. Being engaged with a party, in +which he was unequally matched, he was asked by a lady how the fortune +of the game turned? when he replied, "Pretty well, Madam, considering +that I have three adversaries!" + +Even ladies were not spared, who incurred his displeasure, either by +pertinacious adherence to the wrong in opinion, or by deficiency of +attention to the right and the amiable in conduct. To one, who had +violated, as he thought, some of the little rules of propriety, he said, +"Madam, your father was a gentlemen, and I thought that his daughter +might have been a lady." To another, who had held out in argument +against him, not very powerfully, and rather too perseveringly, and who +had closed the debate by saying, "Well, Dr. Parr, I still maintain my +opinion." He replied, "Madam, you may, if you please, _retain_ your +opinion, but you cannot _maintain_ it." + + * * * * * + + + + +THE GATHERER + + + "A snapper-up of unconsidered trifles." + Shakspeare. + + * * * * * + + +OBSTINATE PUN. + +_Aliquid is mater unite dextra ordinari laeto he at._ + +A liquid is matter united extraordinarily to heat. + + * * * * * + + +A worthy Cambrian at the recent Eisteddfod, or Welsh Musical Festival, +after staying a short time at the concert, walked off, shaking his head, +exclaiming, "I like singing and drinking by turns--here it is all sing +and no drink--that will never do." + + * * * * * + + +PARISIAN MARRIAGE MART. + +Among the curious institutions in Paris, is an establishment by a +marriage negotiator, by means of which persons who are seeking for wives +are enabled to view all the females upon his list, who are placed in +different rooms with glazed doors, so classed as to give an easy +reference to the particulars on his books, as to their ages, fortunes, +and qualifications. When the inspector is satisfied with these +particulars, and with the personal appearance, an interview takes place, +and the bargain is struck. + + * * * * * + + +Captain Basil Hall has addressed a letter to a Scotch newspaper, stating +that the story of his _walking_ 16,000 miles in fifteen months, is +a hoax--the whole journey being performed in land conveyances and +steam-vessels! Not a line is written of the "Book" of these exploits, +said to be "in the press;" the latter is by no means so great a blunder +as the former. + + * * * * * + + +A facetious _gourmand_ suggests that the old story of "lighting a candle +to the devil," or as it has been corrupted, "_holding_ a candle to the +devil," probably arose from the adage of "GOD sends meat, and the devil +sends cooks,"--and was an offering to his Infernal Majesty, by some +epicure who was in want of a cook. + + * * * * * + + +GERMAN MODE OF PREVENTING TIPPLING. + +The following is a late order from the mayor of a department in the +Isere:---"All persons drinking and tippling upon Sundays and holidays, +in coffee-houses, &c. during the celebration of mass or vespers, are +hereby authorized to depart without paying for what they have had." + + * * * * * + + +[*.*] ERRATA at page 189--for _Quoites_ read _Quoties_, and in the same +line insert hyphen--thus, _mori_. + + * * * * * + +LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE + +BRITISH NOVELIST, Publishing in Monthly Parts, price 6d. each.--Each +Novel will be complete in itself, and may be purchased separately. + +_The following Novels are already Published:_ + + _s._ _d._ + Mackenzie's Man of Feeling 0 6 + Paul and Virginia 0 6 + The Castle of Otranto 0 6 + Almoran and Hamet 0 6 + Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia 0 6 + The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne 0 6 + Rasselas 0 8 + The Old English Baron 0 8 + Nature and Art 0 8 + Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield 0 10 + Sicilian Romance 1 0 + The Man of the World 1 0 + A Simple Story 1 4 + Joseph Andrews 1 6 + Humphry Clinker 1 8 + The Romance of the Forest 1 8 + The Italian 2 0 + Zeluco, by Dr. Moore 2 0 + Edward, by Dr. Moore 2 6 + Roderick Random 2 6 + The Mysteries of Udolpho 3 6 + Peregrine Pickle 4 6 + + + * * * * * + +_Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near +Somerset-House.) London: sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, +Leipsic; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers._ + + + + + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, No. 333, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, *** + +***** This file should be named 15087.txt or 15087.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/0/8/15087/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the PG Online +Distributed Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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