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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Manor House of Lacolle, by W.D. Lighthall
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Manor House of Lacolle
+       a description and historical sketch of the Manoir of the Seigniory
+       of de Beaujeu of Lacolle
+       
+
+Author: W.D. Lighthall
+
+Release Date: January 31, 2005 [EBook #14843]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MANOR HOUSE OF LACOLLE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Wallace McLean, Charlene Taylor and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team (https://www.pgdp.net). Images from ourroots.ca
+(www.ourroots.ca).
+
+
+
+
+
+The
+Manor House of Lacolle
+
+
+A Description and Historical Sketch of
+the Manoir of the Seigniory of de Beaujeu
+or Lacolle
+
+
+BY
+W.D. LIGHTHALL, K.C.
+PRESIDENT
+of the Antiquarian and Numismatic Society of Montreal.
+
+
+
+PRIVATELY PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR BY
+C.A. MARCHAND, Printer.
+MONTREAL.
+
+
+
+
+THE MANOR HOUSE OF LACOLLE.
+
+BY W.D. LIGHTHALL, K.C.
+
+
+The Manor House of the Seigniory of Lacolle or De Beaujeu is situated in
+a retired neighborhood, on the New York State border-line about four
+miles south-west of Lacolle Village, and one mile north of the village
+of Champlain, N.Y. and about forty miles from Montreal. The highway from
+Lacolle to Champlain runs through the property. The traveller from the
+north finds himself entering well-wooded lands and at length passes the
+heavy low stone-walls and large, white gate of the grounds and sees the
+home nearby on a slight elevation to the right. A sloping lawn and old
+trees extend in front, the gardens are at the north-side, and a hundred
+yards further, a wooded park of about a hundred acres. On the-opposite,
+or west, side of the road, the tall old elm grove forms part of a
+hillside farm. The Manorhouse itself is large, constructed of wood, and
+having an extensive stone gabled wing, the whole ornamented with vines.
+In front, six tall, slender, fluted pillars with Ionic capitals give
+Colonial character to the verandah and meet the roof above the second
+story. The massive oak front door is divided into an upper and lower
+half, with large brass knocker. The interior is mostly finished in
+polished hard woods, with broad fire-places and colonial mantels in most
+of the rooms. The main part of the house was built in 1825 by Mrs. Henry
+Hoyle, formerly Mrs. Major Henry Ten Eyck Schuyler, of Troy, N.Y., under
+the following circumstances:
+
+As Sarah Visscher she had inherited a large fortune from her grand-uncle
+Lieutenant-General Garret Fisher (Visscher), a Loyalist officer of Sir
+Adolphus Oughton's regiment, the 55th, which was present at the taking
+of Montreal, and who died at Manchester Square, London, in 1808, after a
+distinguished career. This fortune arrived at the beginning of the war
+of 1812, just before the death of her first husband Major Schuyler,
+nephew of General Philip Schuyler, and descendant of the well-known
+colonial military family of that name. He left three daughters and a
+son. They possessed other very valuable property in Troy, including a
+handsome farm and mansion at the South end, shown in old pictures of the
+city, on which about a fourth of Troy was afterwards built. In 1816,
+Henry Hoyle, who was a Lancashire man, married her for her fortune,
+which he soon found belonged to the children by strict law. He
+therefore, making great pretensions of fatherly kindness, and religion,
+set himself to defeat their title. By falsifying the facts, he managed
+to obtain a snap judgment against their guardian in favor of himself,
+but feeling his tenure insecure, sold the mansion and farm in Troy, and
+persuaded his wife to move to the property in Lacolle, just on the
+frontier line. It was only after his death in 1849, that the widow and
+orphans discovered his fraud, and that he had obtained the placing of
+the entire property in his own name in order to possess it. There
+followed a furious family quarrel between the Schuyler and Hoyle heirs,
+in which the old lady took the side of the former, and in fact sued her
+Hoyle sons to right the injury. At her death in 1851, she refused to be
+buried beside Hoyle and stipulated in her will that she be taken back to
+Troy and interred with her first husband, and that the burial lot be
+surrounded with stone posts, each carrying the name "_Schuyler_". Henry
+Hoyle had previously possessed from 1816, the actual land on which the
+Manorhouse is built. After their arrival in 1825, he employed the
+fortune of which he had thus obtained control, and regarding which he
+represented himself to his wife as only acting for her, in adding to
+this land and in many investments along a wide range of the border
+counties. Her suit estimates the properties at £38,000. The home
+property was made a prize stock farm--one of the first if not the actual
+first of the kind in Canada. Cattle-breeding on shares was made by him a
+large enterprise among the settlers, and every year his share of
+increase was collected and driven to Montreal for sale. The farm-book is
+a parchment-covered ledger previously used by Sarah Visscher's uncle,
+Leonard Van Buren in 1782 (who was also uncle of President Martin Van
+Buren). Water-powers at various points were bought and developed with
+her money, and mills erected, including those at Lacolle, Huntingdon and
+Athelstan; and several thousands of acres were acquired at Huntingdon,
+Lacolle, Irish Ridge, and other localities. He was almost at once
+appointed a magistrate, his brother Colonel Robert Hoyle of Lacolle, was
+the member of Parliament, later on her son-in-law Merrit Hotchkiss was
+member and another son-in-law was Registrar of Huntingdon. At that
+period several of the wealthy men of Montreal were acquiring large
+tracts, apparently to form estates like the seigniories. With some of
+these, Mr. Hoyle made common cause. One was a prosperous merchant,
+Thomas Woolrych, who had very large holdings in what is now Huntingdon
+county, and their intimacy was so close that Woolrych presented him
+with his own oil portrait, in late eighteenth century costume, which is
+now in the Château de Ramezay. Woolrych was closely related to the
+Christies and to their relatives, the Tunstall family, who ultimately
+followed them as _Seigneurs propriétaires_ of Lacolle. The Seigniory,
+granted in 1727 to Sieur Louis Denis de la Ronde, and anew in 1743 to
+Daniel Lienard de Beaujeu, had been bought, totally undeveloped, along
+with seven others, shortly after the Conquest by General Gabriel
+Christie, an officer of Wolfe, who became Commander-in-Chief in Canada,
+and died in 1799. His handsome stone Manorhouse and mill are to be seen
+at Chambly. He was a connection of the Schuylers by marriage. On his
+death his properties fell to his son General Napier Burton Christie, who
+had married the daughter of General Burton, to whom the dying Wolfe sent
+his last order--to cut off the French retreat at Beauport. Napier Burton
+Christie having died without issue, the eight seigniories de Bleury,
+Repentigny, de Lery, de Beaujeu, Chambly, Noyan, Sabrevois and Chazy
+passed to William Plenderleath, a natural son of Gabriel, under his
+will, which is discussed in the case of _King_ vs _Tunstall_.
+
+Finally, by William Plenderleath Christie's will of 1842 and death in
+1845, the Seigniory of Lacolle passed to the two sons and the grandson
+Gabriel, of the Reverend James Tunstall, of Montreal. Portraits of
+General Christie, his wife, his son Napier, two of his brothers, and two
+of his children, are in the Château. The good old Tunstall family,
+representatives of the Christies, remained the _Seigneurs propriétaires_
+of Lacolle until its sale in 1902 to the Credit Foncier. Mrs. Hoyle,
+represented by her husband, early entered into dealings about the
+Seigniory affairs, they being residents within its limits. One of their
+Terrier books begins in 1843. After the Tunstalls became
+_Seigneurs-propriétaires_, they found it convenient to continue the
+arrangement, since they lived in Montreal. The arrangement consisted in
+one of the singular transactions of which the old feudal laws present
+examples. There were various kinds of _Seigneurs_. In this case the
+_Seigneurs-propriétaires_, for a large cash sum advanced to them, gave
+up to Mr. Hoyle (who as we saw really acted for his wife) the entire
+possession of the seigniorial rights, with even the honors, _avec les
+droits honorifiques_, as _Seigneur usufruitier_. A few years afterwards
+one sixth of the ownership was also added, making the Hoyles
+_co-Seineurs propriétaires_. (Since the moneys more strictly belonged to
+the Schuyler heirs, it may be said that equitably they were the real
+Seigneurs). Thus the matter continued for generations, the old house
+being the annual scene of the quaint visits of the censitaires, until
+the recent sale to the Credit Foncier. In the latter sale, the then
+co-seigneur, Henry Hoyle III, reserved his own lands _en seigneurie_,
+with the title of "Seigneur of Lacolle" and the permanent designation of
+the house as "The Manor House of Lacolle", but of course these were
+merely points of sentiment. The demesne estate at one time comprised
+about 2500 arpents. Up to recently they still comprised about 1300, but
+are now only about 600 or 700. The Manor, "Rockcliff Wood", was a
+treasure house of old furniture, silver, china, and relics of the past,
+now distributed among the family, and which had come down from many
+historical forbears. The oldest article was a pewter "great flagon" some
+fourteen inches high, bearing the date stamp of Henry VIII and having on
+its cover a large embossed _fleur-de-lys_ such as pewterers were ordered
+by Henry VIII in 1543 to put upon the covers of all great flagons. This
+is one of the rarest existing pieces of English pewter, and has no known
+duplicate. In the Manoir of Lacolle it worthily represented the
+sixteenth century. The seventeenth was represented by a set of "Late
+Spanish" Dutch chairs, one of which is now owned by a descendant of the
+Schuylers in Montreal. The set had been inherited by old Mrs. Ten Eyck
+Schuyler from her great-grand-mother, a Visscher. Of the eighteenth
+century was the quaint hooded mahogany family cradle; a clawfoot
+Chippendale desk of red mahogany; a Sheraton card-table, an octagonal
+table, one or two shield-back chairs,--all of carved mahogany and of
+different sets; a handsome spindle-legged bow-front Heppelwhite
+sideboard, several old portraits, and much silver coming from General
+Fisher and other relatives, and other objects, including at one time
+various uniforms, a pair of pistols and a field-chest of General
+Schuyler the gold watch and despatches of General Fisher, and other such
+articles. (In fact the pieces mentioned were but a small remnant of
+those which had been brought to the house in 1825). Of Empire period
+were many fine furniture pieces, several silkwork pictures, fiddle and
+grand-father clocks, etc., while naturally the early Victorian, and all
+modern changes, were duly represented. In the cabinets were rare
+collections of various sorts largely brought together by the late Mrs.
+Mary Averill Hoyle, the last co-Seigneuresse, who died early in 1914,
+and whose gracious hospitality and accomplishments seemed part of the
+place. Naturally the old Manoir was a delightful spot to visit, either
+in summer or winter.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The Manor House of Lacolle, by W.D. Lighthall
+
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Manor House of Lacolle, by W.D. Lighthall
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Manor House of Lacolle
+       a description and historical sketch of the Manoir of the Seigniory
+              of de Beaujeu of Lacolle
+              
+
+Author: W.D. Lighthall
+
+Release Date: January 31, 2005 [EBook #14843]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MANOR HOUSE OF LACOLLE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Wallace McLean, Charlene Taylor and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team (https://www.pgdp.net). Images from ourroots.ca
+(www.ourroots.ca).
+
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
+<h1>The</h1>
+<h1>Manor House of Lacolle</h1>
+
+
+    <hr class="short" />
+
+
+<h4>A Description and Historical Sketch of<br />
+the Manoir of the Seigniory of de Beaujeu<br />
+or Lacolle</h4>
+
+<h3>BY</h3>
+
+<h2>W.D. LIGHTHALL, K.C.</h2>
+
+<h5>PRESIDENT<br />
+of the Antiquarian and Numismatic Society<br />
+of Montreal.</h5>
+
+<h5>PRIVATELY PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR BY<br />
+C.A. MARCHAND, Printer.<br />
+MONTREAL.<br />
+</h5>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+
+
+<p class="figcenter">
+   <a name="i1001" id="i1001">
+   <img src="images/001.jpg" width="698" height="460"
+   alt="THE MANOR HOUSE OF LACOLLE.--(See article by W.D.Lighthall, K.C.)"
+   title="THE MANOR HOUSE OF LACOLLE.--(See article by W.D.Lighthall, K.C.)" /><br />
+<b>THE MANOR HOUSE OF LACOLLE</b>.&mdash;(See article by W.D.Lighthall, K.C.
+   </a>
+</p>
+
+<br />
+
+<h2>THE MANOR HOUSE OF LACOLLE.</h2>
+<h3>BY W.D. LIGHTHALL, K.C.</h3>
+<br />
+<p>The Manor House of the Seigniory of Lacolle or De Beaujeu is situated in
+a retired neighborhood, on the New York State border-line about four
+miles south-west of Lacolle Village, and one mile north of the village
+of Champlain, N.Y. and about forty miles from Montreal. The highway from
+Lacolle to Champlain runs through the property. The traveller from the
+north finds himself entering well-wooded lands and at length passes the
+heavy low stone-walls and large, white gate of the grounds and sees the
+home nearby on a slight elevation to the right. A sloping lawn and old
+trees extend in front, the gardens are at the north-side, and a hundred
+yards further, a wooded park of about a hundred acres. On the-opposite,
+or west, side of the road, the tall old elm grove forms part of a
+hillside farm. The Manorhouse itself is large, constructed of wood, and
+having an extensive stone gabled wing, the whole ornamented with vines.
+In front, six tall, slender, fluted pillars with Ionic capitals give
+Colonial character to the verandah and meet the roof above the second
+story. The massive oak front door is divided into an upper and lower
+half, with large brass knocker. The interior is mostly finished in
+polished hard woods, with broad fire-places and colonial mantels in most
+of the rooms. The main part of the house was built in 1825 by Mrs. Henry
+Hoyle, formerly Mrs. Major Henry Ten Eyck Schuyler, of Troy, N.Y., under
+the following circumstances:</p>
+
+<p>As Sarah Visscher she had inherited a large fortune from her grand-uncle
+Lieutenant-General Garret Fisher (Visscher), a Loyalist officer of Sir
+Adolphus Oughton's regiment, the 55th, which was present at the taking
+of Montreal, and who died at Manchester Square, London, in 1808, after a
+distinguished career. This fortune arrived at the beginning of the war
+of 1812, just before the death of her first husband Major Schuyler,
+nephew of General Philip Schuyler, and descendant of the well-known
+colonial military family of that name. He left three daughters and a
+son. They possessed other very valuable property in Troy, including a
+handsome farm and mansion at the South end, shown in old pictures of the
+city, on which about a fourth of Troy was afterwards built. In 1816,
+Henry Hoyle, who was a Lancashire man, married her for her fortune,
+which he soon found belonged to the children by strict law. He
+therefore, making great pretensions of fatherly kindness, and religion,
+set himself to defeat their title. By falsifying the facts, he managed
+to obtain a snap judgment against their guardian in favor of himself,
+but feeling his tenure insecure, sold the mansion and farm in Troy, and
+persuaded his wife to move to the property in Lacolle, just on the
+frontier line. It was only after his death in 1849, that the widow and
+orphans discovered his fraud, and that he had obtained the placing of
+the entire property in his own name in order to possess it. There
+followed a furious family quarrel between the Schuyler and Hoyle heirs,
+in which the old lady took the side of the former, and in fact sued her
+Hoyle sons to right the injury. At her death in 1851, she refused to be
+buried beside Hoyle and stipulated in her will that she be taken back to
+Troy and interred with her first husband, and that the burial lot be
+surrounded with stone posts, each carrying the name &quot;<i>Schuyler</i>&quot;. Henry
+Hoyle had previously possessed from 1816, the actual land on which the
+Manorhouse is built. After their arrival in 1825, he employed the
+fortune of which he had thus obtained control, and regarding which he
+represented himself to his wife as only acting for her, in adding to
+this land and in many investments along a wide range of the border
+counties. Her suit estimates the properties at &pound;38,000. The home
+property was made a prize stock farm&mdash;one of the first if not the actual
+first of the kind in Canada. Cattle-breeding on shares was made by him a
+large enterprise among the settlers, and every year his share of
+increase was collected and driven to Montreal for sale. The farm-book is
+a parchment-covered ledger previously used by Sarah Visscher's uncle,
+Leonard Van Buren in 1782 (who was also uncle of President Martin Van
+Buren). Water-powers at various points were bought and developed with
+her money, and mills erected, including those at Lacolle, Huntingdon and
+Athelstan; and several thousands of acres were acquired at Huntingdon,
+Lacolle, Irish Ridge, and other localities. He was almost at once
+appointed a magistrate, his brother Colonel Robert Hoyle of Lacolle, was
+the member of Parliament, later on her son-in-law Merrit Hotchkiss was
+member and another son-in-law was Registrar of Huntingdon. At that
+period several of the wealthy men of Montreal were acquiring large
+tracts, apparently to form estates like the seigniories. With some of
+these, Mr. Hoyle made common cause. One was a prosperous merchant,
+Thomas Woolrych, who had very large holdings in what is now Huntingdon
+county, and their intimacy was so close that Woolrych presented him
+with his own oil portrait, in late eighteenth century costume, which is
+now in the Ch&acirc;teau de Ramezay. Woolrych was closely related to the
+Christies and to their relatives, the Tunstall family, who ultimately
+followed them as <i>Seigneurs propri&eacute;taires</i> of Lacolle. The Seigniory,
+granted in 1727 to Sieur Louis Denis de la Ronde, and anew in 1743 to
+Daniel Lienard de Beaujeu, had been bought, totally undeveloped, along
+with seven others, shortly after the Conquest by General Gabriel
+Christie, an officer of Wolfe, who became Commander-in-Chief in Canada,
+and died in 1799. His handsome stone Manorhouse and mill are to be seen
+at Chambly. He was a connection of the Schuylers by marriage. On his
+death his properties fell to his son General Napier Burton Christie, who
+had married the daughter of General Burton, to whom the dying Wolfe sent
+his last order&mdash;to cut off the French retreat at Beauport. Napier Burton
+Christie having died without issue, the eight seigniories de Bleury,
+Repentigny, de Lery, de Beaujeu, Chambly, Noyan, Sabrevois and Chazy
+passed to William Plenderleath, a natural son of Gabriel, under his
+will, which is discussed in the case of <i>King</i> vs <i>Tunstall</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Finally, by William Plenderleath Christie's will of 1842 and death in
+1845, the Seigniory of Lacolle passed to the two sons and the grandson
+Gabriel, of the Reverend James Tunstall, of Montreal. Portraits of
+General Christie, his wife, his son Napier, two of his brothers, and two
+of his children, are in the Ch&acirc;teau. The good old Tunstall family,
+representatives of the Christies, remained the <i>Seigneurs propri&eacute;taires</i>
+of Lacolle until its sale in 1902 to the Credit Foncier. Mrs. Hoyle,
+represented by her husband, early entered into dealings about the
+Seigniory affairs, they being residents within its limits. One of their
+Terrier books begins in 1843. After the Tunstalls became
+<i>Seigneurs-propri&eacute;taires</i>, they found it convenient to continue the
+arrangement, since they lived in Montreal. The arrangement consisted in
+one of the singular transactions of which the old feudal laws present
+examples. There were various kinds of <i>Seigneurs</i>. In this case the
+<i>Seigneurs-propri&eacute;taires</i>, for a large cash sum advanced to them, gave
+up to Mr. Hoyle (who as we saw really acted for his wife) the entire
+possession of the seigniorial rights, with even the honors, <i>avec les
+droits honorifiques</i>, as <i>Seigneur usufruitier</i>. A few years afterwards
+one sixth of the ownership was also added, making the Hoyles
+<i>co-Seineurs propri&eacute;taires</i>. (Since the moneys more strictly belonged to
+the Schuyler heirs, it may be said that equitably they were the real
+Seigneurs). Thus the matter continued for generations, the old house
+being the annual scene of the quaint visits of the censitaires, until
+the recent sale to the Credit Foncier. In the latter sale, the then
+co-seigneur, Henry Hoyle III, reserved his own lands <i>en seigneurie</i>,
+with the title of &quot;Seigneur of Lacolle&quot; and the permanent designation of
+the house as &quot;The Manor House of Lacolle&quot;, but of course these were
+merely points of sentiment. The demesne estate at one time comprised
+about 2500 arpents. Up to recently they still comprised about 1300, but
+are now only about 600 or 700. The Manor, &quot;Rockcliff Wood&quot;, was a
+treasure house of old furniture, silver, china, and relics of the past,
+now distributed among the family, and which had come down from many
+historical forbears. The oldest article was a pewter &quot;great flagon&quot; some
+fourteen inches high, bearing the date stamp of Henry VIII and having on
+its cover a large embossed <i>fleur-de-lys</i> such as pewterers were ordered
+by Henry VIII in 1543 to put upon the covers of all great flagons. This
+is one of the rarest existing pieces of English pewter, and has no known
+duplicate. In the Manoir of Lacolle it worthily represented the
+sixteenth century. The seventeenth was represented by a set of &quot;Late
+Spanish&quot; Dutch chairs, one of which is now owned by a descendant of the
+Schuylers in Montreal. The set had been inherited by old Mrs. Ten Eyck
+Schuyler from her great-grand-mother, a Visscher. Of the eighteenth
+century was the quaint hooded mahogany family cradle; a clawfoot
+Chippendale desk of red mahogany; a Sheraton card-table, an octagonal
+table, one or two shield-back chairs,&mdash;all of carved mahogany and of
+different sets; a handsome spindle-legged bow-front Heppelwhite
+sideboard, several old portraits, and much silver coming from General
+Fisher and other relatives, and other objects, including at one time
+various uniforms, a pair of pistols and a field-chest of General
+Schuyler the gold watch and despatches of General Fisher, and other such
+articles. (In fact the pieces mentioned were but a small remnant of
+those which had been brought to the house in 1825). Of Empire period
+were many fine furniture pieces, several silkwork pictures, fiddle and
+grand-father clocks, etc., while naturally the early Victorian, and all
+modern changes, were duly represented. In the cabinets were rare
+collections of various sorts largely brought together by the late Mrs.
+Mary Averill Hoyle, the last co-Seigneuresse, who died early in 1914,
+and whose gracious hospitality and accomplishments seemed part of the
+place. Naturally the old Manoir was a delightful spot to visit, either
+in summer or winter.</p>
+
+<br />
+<hr />
+<br />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The Manor House of Lacolle, by W.D. Lighthall
+
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Manor House of Lacolle, by W.D. Lighthall
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Manor House of Lacolle
+       a description and historical sketch of the Manoir of the Seigniory
+       of de Beaujeu of Lacolle
+
+
+Author: W.D. Lighthall
+
+Release Date: January 31, 2005 [EBook #14843]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MANOR HOUSE OF LACOLLE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Wallace McLean, Charlene Taylor and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team (https://www.pgdp.net). Images from ourroots.ca
+(www.ourroots.ca).
+
+
+
+
+
+The
+Manor House of Lacolle
+
+
+A Description and Historical Sketch of
+the Manoir of the Seigniory of de Beaujeu
+or Lacolle
+
+
+BY
+W.D. LIGHTHALL, K.C.
+PRESIDENT
+of the Antiquarian and Numismatic Society of Montreal.
+
+
+
+PRIVATELY PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR BY
+C.A. MARCHAND, Printer.
+MONTREAL.
+
+
+
+
+THE MANOR HOUSE OF LACOLLE.
+
+BY W.D. LIGHTHALL, K.C.
+
+
+The Manor House of the Seigniory of Lacolle or De Beaujeu is situated in
+a retired neighborhood, on the New York State border-line about four
+miles south-west of Lacolle Village, and one mile north of the village
+of Champlain, N.Y. and about forty miles from Montreal. The highway from
+Lacolle to Champlain runs through the property. The traveller from the
+north finds himself entering well-wooded lands and at length passes the
+heavy low stone-walls and large, white gate of the grounds and sees the
+home nearby on a slight elevation to the right. A sloping lawn and old
+trees extend in front, the gardens are at the north-side, and a hundred
+yards further, a wooded park of about a hundred acres. On the-opposite,
+or west, side of the road, the tall old elm grove forms part of a
+hillside farm. The Manorhouse itself is large, constructed of wood, and
+having an extensive stone gabled wing, the whole ornamented with vines.
+In front, six tall, slender, fluted pillars with Ionic capitals give
+Colonial character to the verandah and meet the roof above the second
+story. The massive oak front door is divided into an upper and lower
+half, with large brass knocker. The interior is mostly finished in
+polished hard woods, with broad fire-places and colonial mantels in most
+of the rooms. The main part of the house was built in 1825 by Mrs. Henry
+Hoyle, formerly Mrs. Major Henry Ten Eyck Schuyler, of Troy, N.Y., under
+the following circumstances:
+
+As Sarah Visscher she had inherited a large fortune from her grand-uncle
+Lieutenant-General Garret Fisher (Visscher), a Loyalist officer of Sir
+Adolphus Oughton's regiment, the 55th, which was present at the taking
+of Montreal, and who died at Manchester Square, London, in 1808, after a
+distinguished career. This fortune arrived at the beginning of the war
+of 1812, just before the death of her first husband Major Schuyler,
+nephew of General Philip Schuyler, and descendant of the well-known
+colonial military family of that name. He left three daughters and a
+son. They possessed other very valuable property in Troy, including a
+handsome farm and mansion at the South end, shown in old pictures of the
+city, on which about a fourth of Troy was afterwards built. In 1816,
+Henry Hoyle, who was a Lancashire man, married her for her fortune,
+which he soon found belonged to the children by strict law. He
+therefore, making great pretensions of fatherly kindness, and religion,
+set himself to defeat their title. By falsifying the facts, he managed
+to obtain a snap judgment against their guardian in favor of himself,
+but feeling his tenure insecure, sold the mansion and farm in Troy, and
+persuaded his wife to move to the property in Lacolle, just on the
+frontier line. It was only after his death in 1849, that the widow and
+orphans discovered his fraud, and that he had obtained the placing of
+the entire property in his own name in order to possess it. There
+followed a furious family quarrel between the Schuyler and Hoyle heirs,
+in which the old lady took the side of the former, and in fact sued her
+Hoyle sons to right the injury. At her death in 1851, she refused to be
+buried beside Hoyle and stipulated in her will that she be taken back to
+Troy and interred with her first husband, and that the burial lot be
+surrounded with stone posts, each carrying the name "_Schuyler_". Henry
+Hoyle had previously possessed from 1816, the actual land on which the
+Manorhouse is built. After their arrival in 1825, he employed the
+fortune of which he had thus obtained control, and regarding which he
+represented himself to his wife as only acting for her, in adding to
+this land and in many investments along a wide range of the border
+counties. Her suit estimates the properties at L38,000. The home
+property was made a prize stock farm--one of the first if not the actual
+first of the kind in Canada. Cattle-breeding on shares was made by him a
+large enterprise among the settlers, and every year his share of
+increase was collected and driven to Montreal for sale. The farm-book is
+a parchment-covered ledger previously used by Sarah Visscher's uncle,
+Leonard Van Buren in 1782 (who was also uncle of President Martin Van
+Buren). Water-powers at various points were bought and developed with
+her money, and mills erected, including those at Lacolle, Huntingdon and
+Athelstan; and several thousands of acres were acquired at Huntingdon,
+Lacolle, Irish Ridge, and other localities. He was almost at once
+appointed a magistrate, his brother Colonel Robert Hoyle of Lacolle, was
+the member of Parliament, later on her son-in-law Merrit Hotchkiss was
+member and another son-in-law was Registrar of Huntingdon. At that
+period several of the wealthy men of Montreal were acquiring large
+tracts, apparently to form estates like the seigniories. With some of
+these, Mr. Hoyle made common cause. One was a prosperous merchant,
+Thomas Woolrych, who had very large holdings in what is now Huntingdon
+county, and their intimacy was so close that Woolrych presented him
+with his own oil portrait, in late eighteenth century costume, which is
+now in the Chateau de Ramezay. Woolrych was closely related to the
+Christies and to their relatives, the Tunstall family, who ultimately
+followed them as _Seigneurs proprietaires_ of Lacolle. The Seigniory,
+granted in 1727 to Sieur Louis Denis de la Ronde, and anew in 1743 to
+Daniel Lienard de Beaujeu, had been bought, totally undeveloped, along
+with seven others, shortly after the Conquest by General Gabriel
+Christie, an officer of Wolfe, who became Commander-in-Chief in Canada,
+and died in 1799. His handsome stone Manorhouse and mill are to be seen
+at Chambly. He was a connection of the Schuylers by marriage. On his
+death his properties fell to his son General Napier Burton Christie, who
+had married the daughter of General Burton, to whom the dying Wolfe sent
+his last order--to cut off the French retreat at Beauport. Napier Burton
+Christie having died without issue, the eight seigniories de Bleury,
+Repentigny, de Lery, de Beaujeu, Chambly, Noyan, Sabrevois and Chazy
+passed to William Plenderleath, a natural son of Gabriel, under his
+will, which is discussed in the case of _King_ vs _Tunstall_.
+
+Finally, by William Plenderleath Christie's will of 1842 and death in
+1845, the Seigniory of Lacolle passed to the two sons and the grandson
+Gabriel, of the Reverend James Tunstall, of Montreal. Portraits of
+General Christie, his wife, his son Napier, two of his brothers, and two
+of his children, are in the Chateau. The good old Tunstall family,
+representatives of the Christies, remained the _Seigneurs proprietaires_
+of Lacolle until its sale in 1902 to the Credit Foncier. Mrs. Hoyle,
+represented by her husband, early entered into dealings about the
+Seigniory affairs, they being residents within its limits. One of their
+Terrier books begins in 1843. After the Tunstalls became
+_Seigneurs-proprietaires_, they found it convenient to continue the
+arrangement, since they lived in Montreal. The arrangement consisted in
+one of the singular transactions of which the old feudal laws present
+examples. There were various kinds of _Seigneurs_. In this case the
+_Seigneurs-proprietaires_, for a large cash sum advanced to them, gave
+up to Mr. Hoyle (who as we saw really acted for his wife) the entire
+possession of the seigniorial rights, with even the honors, _avec les
+droits honorifiques_, as _Seigneur usufruitier_. A few years afterwards
+one sixth of the ownership was also added, making the Hoyles
+_co-Seineurs proprietaires_. (Since the moneys more strictly belonged to
+the Schuyler heirs, it may be said that equitably they were the real
+Seigneurs). Thus the matter continued for generations, the old house
+being the annual scene of the quaint visits of the censitaires, until
+the recent sale to the Credit Foncier. In the latter sale, the then
+co-seigneur, Henry Hoyle III, reserved his own lands _en seigneurie_,
+with the title of "Seigneur of Lacolle" and the permanent designation of
+the house as "The Manor House of Lacolle", but of course these were
+merely points of sentiment. The demesne estate at one time comprised
+about 2500 arpents. Up to recently they still comprised about 1300, but
+are now only about 600 or 700. The Manor, "Rockcliff Wood", was a
+treasure house of old furniture, silver, china, and relics of the past,
+now distributed among the family, and which had come down from many
+historical forbears. The oldest article was a pewter "great flagon" some
+fourteen inches high, bearing the date stamp of Henry VIII and having on
+its cover a large embossed _fleur-de-lys_ such as pewterers were ordered
+by Henry VIII in 1543 to put upon the covers of all great flagons. This
+is one of the rarest existing pieces of English pewter, and has no known
+duplicate. In the Manoir of Lacolle it worthily represented the
+sixteenth century. The seventeenth was represented by a set of "Late
+Spanish" Dutch chairs, one of which is now owned by a descendant of the
+Schuylers in Montreal. The set had been inherited by old Mrs. Ten Eyck
+Schuyler from her great-grand-mother, a Visscher. Of the eighteenth
+century was the quaint hooded mahogany family cradle; a clawfoot
+Chippendale desk of red mahogany; a Sheraton card-table, an octagonal
+table, one or two shield-back chairs,--all of carved mahogany and of
+different sets; a handsome spindle-legged bow-front Heppelwhite
+sideboard, several old portraits, and much silver coming from General
+Fisher and other relatives, and other objects, including at one time
+various uniforms, a pair of pistols and a field-chest of General
+Schuyler the gold watch and despatches of General Fisher, and other such
+articles. (In fact the pieces mentioned were but a small remnant of
+those which had been brought to the house in 1825). Of Empire period
+were many fine furniture pieces, several silkwork pictures, fiddle and
+grand-father clocks, etc., while naturally the early Victorian, and all
+modern changes, were duly represented. In the cabinets were rare
+collections of various sorts largely brought together by the late Mrs.
+Mary Averill Hoyle, the last co-Seigneuresse, who died early in 1914,
+and whose gracious hospitality and accomplishments seemed part of the
+place. Naturally the old Manoir was a delightful spot to visit, either
+in summer or winter.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The Manor House of Lacolle, by W.D. Lighthall
+
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