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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 14492 ***
+
+Notable Women of Modern China
+
+BY MARGARET E. BURTON
+
+
+_Notable Women of Modern China_
+
+Illustrated, 12mo, cloth. Net $1.25
+
+The author's earlier work on the general subject of Women's Education in
+China, indicates her ability to treat with peculiar interest and
+discernment the characters making up this volume of striking biographies.
+If these women are types to be followed by a great company of like
+aspirations the future of a nation is assured.
+
+
+_The Education of Women in China_
+
+Illustrated, 12mo, cloth. Net $1.25
+
+"Thrilling is a strong word, but not too strong to be used in connection
+with _The Education of Women in China_. To many it will prove a revealing
+book and doubtless to all, even those well-informed upon the present
+condition of women. Miss Burton's book will interest all the reading
+public."--CHRISTIAN ADVOCATE.
+
+[Illustration:
+Dr. Hü King Eng at the Time of Her Graduation from the Medical College]
+
+
+
+
+Notable Women of Modern China
+
+By
+
+MARGARET E. BURTON
+
+AUTHOR OF
+
+"THE EDUCATION OF WOMEN IN CHINA"
+
+NEW YORK CHICAGO TORONTO
+
+Fleming H. Revell Company
+
+LONDON AND EDINBURGH
+
+Copyright, 1912, by
+
+FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY
+
+New York: 158 Fifth Avenue
+Chicago: 125 N. Wabash Ave.
+Toronto: 25 Richmond St., W.
+London: 21 Paternoster Square
+Edinburgh: 100 Princes Street
+
+
+TO MY FRIEND
+GRACE COPPOCK
+WHO TAUGHT ME TO KNOW AND LOVE
+THE WOMEN OF CHINA
+
+
+
+
+Preface
+
+
+During a stay of some months in China in the year of 1909, I had an
+opportunity to see something of the educational work for women, and to meet
+several of the educated women of that interesting country. I was greatly
+impressed, both by the excellent work done by the students in the schools,
+and by the useful, efficient lives of those who had completed their course
+of study. When I returned to America, and spoke of some of the things which
+the educated women of China were doing, I found that many people were
+greatly surprised to learn that Chinese women were capable of such
+achievements. It occurred to me, therefore, that it might be worth while to
+put the stories of a few of these women into a form which would make them
+accessible to the public.
+
+It will be noted that the majority of the women of whose work I have
+written received a part of their education in America. My reason for
+selecting these women is not because those whose training has been received
+wholly in China are not doing equally good work, but because it is
+difficult to gather definite information in regard to the women whose
+lives have been spent entirely in their native country. The fact that most
+of the biographies in this book are of women in professional life is due to
+the same cause. The great aim of the girls' schools in China is, rightly,
+to furnish such training as shall prepare their students to be worthy wives
+and mothers, and the large majority of those who attend the schools find
+their highest subsequent usefulness in the home. But in China, as in other
+countries, the life of the woman in the home remains, for the most part,
+unwritten.
+
+I have therefore told the stories of the women concerning whose work I have
+been able to obtain definite information, believing that they fairly
+represent the educated women of China who, wherever their education has
+been received, and in whatever sphere it is being used, are ably and
+bravely playing an important part in the moulding of the great new China.
+
+For much of the material for these sketches I am indebted to friends of the
+women of whom I have written. To all such my hearty thanks are due. For
+personal reminiscences, letters, and photographs, I am most grateful.
+
+M. E. B.
+
+
+
+
+Contents
+
+
+DR. HÜ KING ENG
+
+  I. CHILDHOOD IN A CHRISTIAN HOME                                  15
+
+ II. EDUCATION IN CHINA AND AMERICA                                 23
+
+III. BEGINNING MEDICAL WORK IN CHINA                                39
+
+ IV. THE BELOVED PHYSICIAN                                          44
+
+  V. THE FAVOUR OF THE PEOPLE                                       58
+
+
+MRS. AHOK
+
+  I. THE MISTRESS OF A HOME OF WEALTH                               73
+
+ II. WORK AMONG THE WOMEN OF THE UPPER CLASSES                      82
+
+III. A JOURNEY TO ENGLAND                                           90
+
+ IV. PATIENT IN TRIBULATION                                        101
+
+
+DR. IDA KAHN
+
+  I. CHILDHOOD IN THREE COUNTRIES                                  115
+
+ II. AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN                                 121
+
+III. SEVEN YEARS IN KIUKIANG                                       126
+
+ IV. PIONEER WORK IN NANCHANG                                      140
+
+
+DR. MARY STONE
+
+  I. WITH UNBOUND FEET                                             161
+
+ II. THE DANFORTH MEMORIAL HOSPITAL                                169
+
+III. WINNING FRIENDS IN AMERICA                                    183
+
+IV. A VERSATILE WOMAN                                              190
+
+
+YU KULIANG                                                         221
+
+
+ANNA STONE
+
+  I. EAGER FOR EDUCATION                                           233
+
+ II. AMONG HER OWN PEOPLE                                          244
+
+III. THE POWER OF AN ENDLESS LIFE                                  254
+
+
+
+
+Illustrations
+
+
+Dr. Hü King Eng at the Time of Her Graduation
+from the Medical College _Frontispiece_
+
+Dr. Hü's Medical Students                                           41
+
+Dr. Hü's Christmas Party                                            61
+
+Mrs. Ahok and Her Two Granddaughters                                73
+
+Reception Rooms in Chinese Homes of Wealth                          83
+
+Dr. Ida Kahn                                                       115
+
+A Nurse in Dr. Kahn's Hospital                                     138
+
+One of Dr. Kahn's Guests                                           141
+
+A Village Crowd                                                    141
+
+Dr. Mary Stone                                                     161
+
+Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial Hospital, Kiukiang, China      172
+
+Dr. Stone, Dr. Kahn, and Five of the Hospital Nurses               174
+
+General Ward of the Danforth Memorial Hospital                     182
+
+Nurses of the Danforth Memorial Hospital                           192
+
+Yu Kuliang                                                         221
+
+Anna Stone                                                         233
+
+The Anna Stone Memorial                                            257
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DR. HÜ KING ENG
+
+  I. CHILDHOOD IN A CHRISTIAN HOME
+
+ II. EDUCATION IN CHINA AND AMERICA
+
+III. BEGINNING MEDICAL WORK IN CHINA
+
+ IV. THE BELOVED PHYSICIAN
+
+  V. THE FAVOUR OF THE PEOPLE
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+DR. HÜ KING ENG
+
+I
+
+CHILDHOOD IN A CHRISTIAN HOME
+
+
+Among the earliest converts to Christianity in South China was Hü Yong Mi,
+the son of a military mandarin of Foochow. He had been a very devout
+Buddhist, whose struggles after spiritual peace, and whose efforts to
+obtain it through fasting, sacrifice, earnest study, and the most
+scrupulous obedience to all the forms of Buddhist worship, remind one
+strongly of the experiences of Saul of Tarsus. Like Saul too, Hü Yong Mi
+was, before his conversion, a vigorous and sincere opponent of
+Christianity. When his older brother became a Christian, Hü Yong Mi felt
+that his casting away of idols and abolishing of ancestral worship were
+crimes of such magnitude that the entire family "ought all with one heart
+to beat the drum and drive him from the house." He tells of finding a copy
+of the Bible in his father's bookcase one day, and how, in sudden rage, he
+tore it to pieces and threw the fragments on the floor, and then, not
+satisfied with destroying the book, wished that he had some sharp implement
+with which to cut out "the hated name Ya-su, which stared from the
+mutilated pages."
+
+But when, through the efforts of the very brother whom he had persecuted,
+he too came to recognize the truth of Christianity, he became as devoted
+and tireless a worker for his Lord as was Paul the apostle, preaching in
+season and out of season, first as a layman, afterwards as an ordained
+minister of the Methodist Church. His work often led him to isolated and
+difficult fields; he was "in journeyings often, in perils of rivers, in
+perils of robbers, in perils from his countrymen, in perils in the city, in
+perils in the wilderness." But, alike in toil and persecution, he remained
+steadfast.
+
+He was made a presiding elder at the time of the organization of the
+Foochow Conference in 1877, and from that time until his death, in 1893, he
+was, in the words of one of the missionaries of that district, "a pillar of
+strength in the church in China, because of his piety and wisdom and his
+literary ability, having, withal, an eloquent tongue which in the ardour of
+pulpit oratory gave to his fine six-foot physique a princely bearing."
+
+A striking testimony to the power and beauty of this Christian man's
+character is a picture, painted by a Chinese artist, an old man over eighty
+years of age. This man was not a Christian, but after hearing Mr. Hü's
+preaching, and watching his consecrated life, he embodied in a painting his
+conception of the power of the "Cross Doctrine" as he knew it through Hü
+Yong Mi. The picture, which is five feet long and nearly three wide, and is
+finely executed in water colours, was presented to Mr. Hü by the artist. At
+first glance its central figure seems to be a tree, under which is a man
+reading from a book. Lower down are some rocks. But looking again one sees
+that the tree is a cross, and that in the rocks are plain semblances of
+human faces, more or less perfect, all turned toward the cross. The thought
+which the artist wished to express was that the "Cross Doctrine," as
+preached and lived by such as Hü Yong Mi, would turn even rocks into human
+beings.
+
+The wife of Hü Yong Mi was brought up in a home of wealth and rank in
+Foochow. Her aristocratic birth was manifested by the size of her tiny
+embroidered shoe, which measured exactly three inches. When Hü Yong Mi was
+asked by the missionaries to become a minister, he was somewhat dismayed to
+learn that in the Methodist Church the minister's family must frequently
+move from place to place. In his own words, "The Chinese greatly esteem the
+place of their birth; if a man goes abroad it is considered a matter of
+affliction; for a family to move is an almost unheard of calamity." He
+replied, however, that although he had not known of the existence of the
+custom, he was entirely willing, for Christ's sake, to undertake the work
+of a minister in spite of it. The missionaries then asked if his wife would
+be willing to go with him. He answered that he could not tell until he went
+home and asked her. But when he had talked the matter over with her, this
+dainty, high-class lady replied, "It matters not to what place; if you are
+willing to go, I will go with you."
+
+Within a few weeks they left Foochow to work among their first
+parishioners, a people who might well have caused the hearts of the young
+pastor and his wife to fail, for Hü Yong Mi says of them: "In front of
+their houses I saw piles of refuse, and filthy ditches. Within, all was
+very dirty--pigs, cattle, fowls, sheep, all together in the one house. Not
+a chair was there to sit on. All went out to work in the fields. They had
+no leisure to comb hair or wash faces.... None knew how to read the Chinese
+characters. Some held their books upside down; some mistook a whole column
+for one character." Mrs. Hü and the children were very ill with malarial
+fever while in this place, but in spite of all their hardships, a good work
+was done.
+
+Mrs. Hü was as earnest a worker among the women as was her husband among
+the men, telling the good news to those who had never heard it, and
+strengthening her fellow-Christians. Many a programme of the Foochow
+Women's Conference bears the name of Mrs. Hü Yong Mi, for she could give
+addresses and read papers which were an inspiration to missionaries and
+Chinese alike. Her friend, Mrs. Sites, has written especially of her
+influence on the women whose lives she touched: "In the stations where the
+Methodist itinerancy sent Rev. Hü Yong Mi, this Christian household was
+something of a curiosity. The neighbouring women often called 'to see' in
+companies of three to twenty or more, and Mr. Hü expected his wife and
+children to preach the gospel to them just as faithfully as he did from the
+pulpit. There are many hundreds of Chinese women to whom this lovely
+Christian mother and little daughters gave the first knowledge of Christ
+and heaven." The same friend says of this wife and mother, "In privations
+oft, and in persecutions beyond the power of pen to narrate, she has
+become a model woman among her people."
+
+In 1865, not long after a period of severe persecution, and while their
+hearts were saddened by the recent death of their little daughter, Hiong
+Kwang, another baby girl was born to Mr. and Mrs. Hü, and named Precious
+Peace, the Chinese for which is King Eng. Born of such parents, and growing
+up in such an environment, it is perhaps not surprising that unselfishness,
+steadfastness of purpose, and courage, both physical and moral, should be
+among the most prominent characteristics of Hü King Eng. One of the
+clearest memories of her childhood is of lying in bed night after night,
+listening to the murmur of her father's voice as he talked to someone who
+was interested in learning of the "Jesus way," and hearing the crash of
+stones and brickbats, the hurling of which through the doors and windows
+was too frequent an occurrence to interrupt these quiet talks.
+
+Of course little King Eng's feet were bound, as were the feet of every
+other little girl of good family. But the binding process had scarcely
+begun when her father became convinced that this universal and ancient
+custom was a wrong one. He accordingly made the brave decision,
+unprecedented in that section of the country, that his daughters should
+have natural feet, and the bandages were taken off. This proceeding was
+viewed with great disapproval by his small daughter, for while it freed her
+from physical pain, her unbound feet were the source of constant comment
+and ridicule, far more galling to the sensitive child than the tight
+bandages had been. Now, an ardent advocate of natural feet, she often tells
+of her trials as a pioneer of the movement in Fuhkien province. "That I
+have the distinction of being the first girl who did not have her feet
+bound, is due to no effort of mine," she says, "for the neighbour women
+used to say, 'Rather a nice girl, but those feet!' 'Rather a bright girl,
+but those feet,' and 'Those feet,' 'Those feet' was all I heard, until I
+was ashamed to be seen."
+
+Finally her mother, who did not wholly share her husband's view of the
+matter, took advantage of his absence from home, and replaced the bandages.
+When she would ask, "Can you stand them a little tighter?" the little
+devotee to the stern mandates of fashion and custom invariably replied,
+"Yes, mother, a little tighter"; for was she not going to be a lady and not
+hear "those feet," "those feet" any more! But when her father came home he
+had a long and serious talk with his wife about foot-binding, and off came
+the bandages again. Later the little girl went on a visit to a relative,
+who was greatly horrified at her large feet, and took it upon herself to
+bind them again, to the child's great delight. It was with an immense sense
+of her importance that she came hobbling home, supported on each side. Her
+mother was ill in bed at the time, but greatly to King Eng's
+disappointment, instead of being pleased, she bade her take the bandages
+off and burn them, and never replace them. To the child's plea that people
+were all saying "those feet," "those feet," until she was ashamed to meet
+any one, Mrs. Hü replied, "Tell them bound-footed girls never enter the
+emperor's palace." "And that," says Dr. Hü, "put a quietus on 'those feet,'
+and when I learned that all the world did not have bound feet I became more
+reconciled."
+
+
+
+
+II
+
+EDUCATION IN CHINA AND AMERICA
+
+
+When she was old enough, King Eng became a pupil in the Foochow Boarding
+School for Girls, where she did good work as a student. No musical teaching
+was given in the school at that time, but King Eng was so eager to learn to
+play that the wife of one of the missionaries gave her lessons on her own
+organ. Her ability to play may have been one of the causes which led to the
+framing of a remarkable and eloquent appeal for the higher education of the
+Chinese girls, which should include music and English, sent in 1883 by the
+native pastors of Foochow and vicinity to the General Executive Committee
+of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal
+Church, under whose auspices this school was carried on.
+
+To the same committee there came at the same time another remarkable
+request, this one from Dr. Trask, then in charge of the Foochow Woman's
+Hospital. After leaving boarding school King Eng had been a student in the
+hospital, and Dr. Trask had become so much impressed with her adaptability
+to medical work, and her sympathetic spirit toward the suffering, that she
+longed to have her receive the advantages of a more thorough education than
+could be given her in Foochow. She accordingly wrote to the Executive
+Committee of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, speaking in the
+highest terms of Hü King Eng's ability and character, and urging that
+arrangements be made to bring her to America, to remain ten years if
+necessary, "that she might go back qualified to lift the womanhood of China
+to a higher plane, and able to superintend the medical work." She assured
+the committee that they would find that the results would justify them in
+doing this, and that none knew King Eng but to love her. Arrangements were
+soon made, largely through Mrs. Keen, secretary of the Philadelphia branch
+of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, and word was sent to Foochow
+that Dr. Trask's request had been approved.
+
+This word found Hü King Eng ready to accept the opportunity which it
+offered her. It had not been easy for this young girl, only eighteen years
+old, to decide to leave her home and her country and take the long journey
+to a foreign land, whose language she could not speak, and whose customs
+were utterly strange to her, to remain there long enough to receive the
+college and medical education which would enable her to do the work planned
+for her on her return to China. So far as she knew she was the only Chinese
+young woman who had ever left China to seek an education in another
+country; and indeed she was the second, the only one who had preceded her
+being Dr. You Mé King, the adopted daughter of Dr. and Mrs. McCartee, of
+Ningpo, who had gone to America with them a few years before. King Eng's
+parents did not oppose her going, but neither did they encourage it. They
+told her fully of the loneliness she would experience in a foreign country;
+the dangers and unpleasantness of the long ocean voyage she would have to
+take; and the unparalleled situation in which she would find herself on her
+return ten years later, unmarried at twenty-eight. But with a quiet faith
+and purpose, and a courage nothing short of heroic, King Eng answered, "If
+the Lord opens the way and the cablegram says 'Come,' I shall surely go;
+but if otherwise I shall do as best I can and labour at home."
+
+Years afterward, when two other girls from the Foochow Boarding School
+were leaving China for a period of study in America, a farewell meeting was
+held for them in the school, at which Dr. Hü told how she had reached her
+decision to go. She said: "I was the first Fuhkien province girl to go to
+America.... My father told me, 'I cannot decide for you; you must pray to
+God. If you are to go, God will show you.' Then I felt God's word come to
+me, 'Fear not, for I will go with you wherever you go.' At that time the
+school girls were seldom with the missionary ladies and I could not speak
+any English, therefore I did not know any American politeness; and all my
+clothes and other daily-need-things were not proper to use in the western
+country. Although everything could not be according to my will, I trusted
+God with all my life, so nothing could change my heart."
+
+In the spring of 1884, in charge of some missionaries going home on
+furlough, Hü King Eng left China for America. The journey was a long and
+rough one, and a steamer near theirs was wrecked. One of the missionaries,
+wondering how her faith was standing the test of these new and terrifying
+experiences, asked if she wanted to go back home. But she answered, "No, I
+do not think of going home at all." She felt that it was right for her to
+go to America, and although when she met her friends at the journey's end
+she confessed that sea-sickness and home-sickness had brought the tears
+many a night, she never faltered in her decision.
+
+Upon landing in New York she went at once to Mrs. Keen in Philadelphia, and
+there met Dr. and Mrs. Sites, of Foochow, whom she had known from
+childhood, and who were then in Philadelphia attending the General
+Conference of the Methodist Church. She spent the summer with them,
+learning to read, write, and speak English, and in the autumn went with
+them to Delaware, Ohio, and entered Ohio Wesleyan University. Miss Martin,
+who was then preceptress of Monnett Hall, recalls King Eng's efforts to
+master English. "She was an apt pupil," she says, "yet she had many
+struggles with the language." A friend in Cleveland, with whom she spent a
+few weeks during her vacation, promised her that some day they would go
+around the square to see the reservoir. King Eng seemed much interested in
+this proposition and several times asked when they were to go. When they
+finally went, her friend was somewhat surprised to see that King Eng
+manifested very little interest in the reservoir; but when they reached
+home again it was evident that she had been interested, not in the
+reservoir, but in the proposed method of reaching it. "How can you go
+'round' a 'square'?" she asked.
+
+When she entered college she set herself the task of learning ten new words
+a day; but Miss Martin says that she sometimes had to unlearn several of
+them, owing to the fondness of her fellow students for slang. However, she
+was persevering, and in time learned to use the language easily. One of the
+teachers, who had returned a plate to her with an orange on it, still
+treasures a half sheet of paper which appeared on a returned plate of hers,
+on which King Eng had written:
+
+    "You taught me a lesson not long ago,
+    Which I have learned, as I'll try to show.
+    When you would return a plate to its owner,
+    Of something upon it you must be the donor.
+    One orange you put on that plate of mine,
+    Two oranges find on this plate of thine."
+
+She was a great favourite with both faculty and students. One of her fellow
+students shall tell of the impression she made: "Those who were at Monnett
+Hall at any time from 1884 to 1887 will remember a dainty little foreign
+lady, a sort of exotic blossom, whose silk-embroidered costumes,
+constructed in Chinese fashion, made her an object of interest to every
+girl in college. This was Dr. Hü King Eng, who came to prepare for her
+life work. Gentle, modest, winning, her heart fixed on a goal far ahead,
+she was an example to the earnest Christian girl and a rebuke to any who
+had self-seeking aims."
+
+Another, looking back to her college days, and to the college life of Hü
+King Eng, "or, as she was familiarly and lovingly called, King Eng,"
+writes, "She was so sweet and gracious, so simple in her faith and life, so
+charitable, that you felt it everywhere. I shall never forget standing in
+the hall one day with her and another girl, when a young man delivered some
+books. I asked his name. The young lady gave it, a well known name, and
+added that he had very little principle, or character. King Eng spoke up at
+once, and calling the other girl by name said, 'Yes, but his parents are
+fine people.'"
+
+The King's Daughters' Society was organized during King Eng's stay at Ohio
+Wesleyan, and ten groups, of ten girls each, were formed among the students
+of Monnett Hall. King Eng, who was the leader of one of these groups,
+proposed that each girl in it should earn enough money to buy one of the
+King's Daughters' badges, and that they should be sent to some of the girls
+in the Foochow school, that they too might organize a society. She was
+eager that the girls should not only give the badges, but should earn them
+by their own efforts, that they might thus show the Chinese girls that
+American students did not consider any kind of work beneath them, but
+counted it an honour to serve their Master in any way possible.
+
+During the April of King Eng's first year at Ohio Wesleyan University,
+special meetings were held in connection with the Day of Prayer for
+Colleges, one of them a large chapel service at which the president of the
+college and the preceptress spoke. The report of this meeting shows that
+King Eng did not wait until her return to China to begin active efforts to
+win others to the Christian life. "At the close of an address by Miss
+Martin, the preceptress, there stepped forward upon the rostrum our little
+Chinese student, Miss Hü King Eng, who, dressed in her full native costume,
+stood gracefully before these six hundred young men and women while she
+witnessed to the saving power of Christ.... The following evening, at our
+earnest revival service in the chapel of the ladies' boarding hall, there
+knelt the Chinese girl at the side of her American sister, helping her to
+find the Saviour; and the smile of gladness on her countenance at the
+closing of the meeting told the joy in her heart because her friend was
+converted. The faith of many has been made stronger by hearing the
+testimony of Miss Hü."
+
+The statement of one of her fellow students is impressive: "She had a great
+influence over the girls, and during our revival seasons she usually led
+more to Christ than any other girl in the school. One mother, when she came
+to visit the school after such a meeting during which her own daughter had
+been converted, exclaimed, 'Little did I think when I was giving money for
+the work in China, that a Chinese girl would come to this country and be
+the means of leading my daughter to Christ.'"
+
+Miss Martin tells of one student who had long resisted all appeals, but who
+would listen to King Eng when she would not hear any one else; and who was
+finally led by her to such a complete consecration that she afterward gave
+her life to missionary service in Japan.
+
+During her vacation periods King Eng often addressed missionary meetings
+with marked success, winning such testimonies as these: "We are thanking
+God for that grand missionary meeting. It would have done your heart good
+to have heard the references to it in our Wednesday night prayer meeting,"
+or, "One gentleman said to me, 'That was the best missionary meeting we
+ever had in Third Avenue.'" It was probably while doing such work as this
+that she had the experiences which led her to realize so keenly the
+blessing of the unbound feet which had caused her so many tribulations as a
+child, for she says that when she was running for trains in America she
+always remembered "Those feet," "Those feet," and was glad that she had
+them.
+
+In the summer of 1886 she attended a meeting of the International
+Missionary Union, and there met Mrs. Baldwin, who had known her as a child
+in Foochow. Mrs. Baldwin wrote of the impression she made at this time:
+"Our dear little Chinese girl, Hü King Eng, won all hearts, as usual, by
+her sweet, gentle, trustful Christian character. To us who have known her
+from her infancy up, the meeting was of peculiar pleasure; and as she
+grasped my hand and in low, earnest, glad tones exclaimed in our Foochow
+dialect, 'Teacheress, all the same as seeing my own house people,' I could
+heartily respond, 'All the same.'"
+
+At the same time she was making rapid progress in her studies. At the
+annual meeting of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society in 1886, "the
+marvellous progress of Hü King Eng was reported ... and tears of gladness
+filled many eyes as her implicit faith, her sturdy industry, and her
+untiring devotion were described."
+
+She completed her course in Ohio Wesleyan University in four years, and in
+the autumn of 1888 entered the Woman's Medical College of Philadelphia,
+doing the regular class work, and making her home with her friend Mrs.
+Keen. After two years of work there, she was very ill with a fever for many
+weeks. When her strength began to come back, it was decided that she should
+stop studying for a time and go to China for the following year, as she was
+very eager to visit her home, especially as her father was ill. Her
+lifelong friend, Miss Ruth Sites, was also returning to Foochow at that
+time. So after securing a passport for Hü King Eng, in order that she might
+be able to return to America, the two girls made the trip together,
+spending Christmas in Yokohama, and enjoying a short visit to Tokio. The
+steamer stopped for a day at Kobe, and there Miss Hü had the pleasure of
+visiting Dr. You Mé King, then practising medicine under the Southern
+Methodist Mission. Dr. You was the only Chinese woman who had ever left
+China for study up to the time of her own going. They had a day at Nagasaki
+also, where several college mates from Ohio Wesleyan were working; and two
+days were spent in Shanghai, during which Miss Hü visited Dr. Reifsnyder's
+splendid hospital. The trip from Shanghai to Foochow was the last part of
+the long journey, and they were soon in the quiet waters of the Min River.
+Miss Sites, writing back to America, said that she could never forget King
+Eng's look as she exclaimed, "The last wave is past. Now we are almost
+home." A brother and a brother-in-law came several miles down the river in
+a launch to meet her, and sedan chairs were waiting at the landing to take
+her to her home, where her parents were eagerly awaiting her. A reception
+of welcome was given for her and Miss Sites a few days later, which was for
+her father and mother one of the proudest occasions of their lives.
+
+Some of the missionaries had wondered whether so many years of residence in
+America would not have changed King Eng, and whether some of the luxuries
+she had enjoyed there might not have become a necessity to her. With this
+in mind many little comforts unusual in a Chinese home had been put into
+her room. "But," one of them writes, "this was needless." King Eng was
+unchanged and all the attention she had received in America had left her
+unspoiled. This was doubtless largely due to the purity of her purpose in
+going. In bidding good-bye, a few years later, to some girls who were going
+to America for the first time, she said: "Some people do not want girls to
+go to America to study because they think when the girls are educated they
+will be proud. I think really we have nothing to be proud of. We Chinese
+girls have such a good opportunity to go to another country to study, not
+because God loves us better than any other persons, but because He loves
+_all_ our people in China. Therefore He sends us to learn all the good
+things first, so that we may help our people. The more favour we receive
+the more debt we owe the Chinese women and girls. So wherever we go we must
+think how to benefit our people, and not do as we please, and then how can
+we be proud?"
+
+The only cloud in this happy home-coming, after eight years of absence, was
+the illness of her father, who was suffering from consumption. But even
+this cloud was lightened by the help and cheer which King Eng was enabled
+to bring to him. Miss Sites wrote: "It is an unspeakable comfort to him to
+have King Eng with him, while she, with skill and wisdom learned in
+Philadelphia, attends to all his wants as no other Chinese could." Soon
+after King Eng's return her father was prostrated with a severe attack of
+grippe, which in his already weakened state, made his condition almost
+hopeless. Even the missionary doctor who attended him had no expectation
+that he would recover. "But," reads a letter from Mrs. Sites, "through the
+knowledge King Eng had acquired of caring for the sick, and her devotion to
+her father, with work unfaltering, and prayer unceasing, he was brought
+back to us."
+
+For many years Rev. Hü Yong Mi had been planning to build a house, wherein
+he and his family might live after he was too feeble to preach, and which
+his family might have if he should be taken from them. At this time he had
+laid by enough money to carry out his plan, but his weakness was such that
+he could have done little, had it not been for the energy and vigour of his
+wide-awake daughter. She helped make the plans for the house, and afterward
+urged forward the building, so that a few months after her return the
+family moved out of the parsonage into a comfortable little home, built in
+Chinese style, but with glass windows and board floors.
+
+In addition to the care of her father and the superintendence of the
+building of the new house, King Eng was kept very busy in the hospital,
+interpreting for the physicians in the daily clinics, and working among
+the in-patients. This experience was invaluable to her at this time in
+giving her a clearer knowledge of the especial preparation needed in her
+future work. She saw and learned much of the prevalent diseases among the
+women for whom she was preparing herself to work. She also taught a class
+of young women medical students, which gave her valuable experience in that
+line of work.
+
+One of the missionaries has written of the impression she made during this
+stay in Foochow: "She was kept very busy in the hospital and her home, but
+she was always cheerful and helpful. Her Christian love and natural
+kindness drew to her the hearts of hundreds of suffering native women, who
+felt that there was sympathy for them in her every look and touch.
+Moreover, the affectionate regard in which she had been held by her
+missionary associates in Foochow has been vastly increased by her
+unassuming manner, and the meek and quiet spirit in which she mingled with
+us in work and prayer through the months."
+
+The new home was beautifully situated, overlooking the river and receiving
+constant south breezes, which made it cool and comfortable in summer. It
+was hoped that in its quiet Mr. Hü might live for a number of years, and
+it was therefore decided that King Eng should return to America, to
+re-enter the Woman's Medical College of Philadelphia in the fall of 1892.
+On the return trip she said to Mrs. Sites, who was with her, "I have
+learned to trust God fully, else how could I be going away from my sick
+father whose every move and cough I had learned to hear so quickly through
+all the hours of the night, and still my heart be at rest?" Mrs. Sites
+adds, "Personally, her companionship on the voyage was a continual joy to
+me, notwithstanding my alarming and wearisome struggle while in Montreal to
+get permission for her to re-enter this alarmingly exclusive country."
+
+Hü King Eng re-entered the Medical College in the autumn of 1892,
+graduating with honour the eighth of May, 1894. She spent the following
+year in hospital work, being fortunate enough to be chosen as surgeon's
+assistant in the Philadelphia Polyclinic, which gave her the privilege of
+attending all the clinics and lectures there.
+
+
+
+
+III
+
+BEGINNING MEDICAL WORK IN CHINA
+
+
+In 1895 Dr. Hü returned to Foochow. She at once began work in the Foochow
+Hospital for women and children, being associated with Dr. Lyon, who wrote
+at the end of the year's work: "Dr. Hü, by her faithfulness and skill, has
+built up the dispensary until the number of the patients treated far
+exceeds that of last year. She has also been a great inspiration to our
+students, not only as teacher, but in right living and in Christian
+principles." The following year Dr. Lyon returned to America on her
+furlough, leaving the young physician in entire charge of the hospital
+work, a responsibility which she discharged so effectively that at the
+close of the year her co-labourers enthusiastically declared: "Sending Hü
+King Eng to America for a medical education was providing for one of the
+greatest blessings that ever came to Foochow. Skilled in her profession,
+kind and patient, Christlike in spirit, one of their very own, her
+influence cannot be measured."
+
+At about this time Dr. Hü was honoured by being appointed by His
+Excellency, Li Hung Chang, as one of the two delegates from China to the
+Women's Congress held in London in 1898. But she was very seriously ill
+with pneumonia that year, and for weeks it was feared that she could not
+recover. A letter from Mrs. Lacy, then living in Foochow, reads: "Dr. Hü
+King Eng has been lying at the gates of death for nearly three weeks. Dr.
+Lyon said she was beyond all human aid. Most earnest and constant prayers
+by the native Christians have been offered in her behalf. We are glad to
+report a decided improvement in her condition although she is by no means
+out of danger yet. Dr. Hü is a very valuable worker, not only a most
+successful physician, but a very superior instructor in medicine, and is
+very greatly beloved by both natives and foreigners, and it does not seem
+as if she could be spared. We can but believe that God is going to honour
+the faith of His children and raise her up to do yet greater service for
+Him."
+
+Gradually health and strength came back, and the next year it was reported
+that Dr. Hü had sufficiently recovered her health to teach one class in the
+Girls' Boarding School. A trip to the home of a married sister in Amoy,
+which gave her a sea voyage, and change of air and scene, completed her
+recovery and in 1899 she was strong enough to take charge of the Woolston
+Memorial Hospital.
+
+[Illustration: Dr. Hü's Medical Students]
+
+The Foochow Hospital for women and children is situated on Nan Tai Island,
+three miles from the walled city of Foochow. The physicians had long felt
+the need of a similar work within the city walls, and a few years before
+Dr. Hü's return from America, work had been undertaken in the city. A small
+building was erected, in which forty in-patients could be accommodated.
+This little building was named the Woolston Memorial Hospital, and nurses
+from the Island hospital took turns in working in it, under the supervision
+of one of the physicians. But until Dr. Hü took charge of the work, in
+1899, there had been no resident physician.
+
+Some years later, in telling of her appointment to this work, Dr. Hü said:
+"It is very different from what I had heard of the city people being proud
+and hard to manage. I am glad God created Lot. If he did not help any one
+else he surely helped me. At the time I said nothing and went, simply
+because I did not want to be like Lot. No one knows how I shrank when I was
+asked to work in the city; for when I thought of the place, the pitiful
+picture of the Island hospital students would come most conspicuously
+before me. I can see them even now, wiping away the tears just as hard as
+they could when their turn came to go into the city; while the other
+students were like 'laughing Buddhas,' for their turn in the city hospital
+had expired. I am glad I can speak for myself to-day that in my five years'
+experience I have never had to shed a tear because the people were
+obstinate."
+
+Nevertheless the first few months were not altogether easy ones. Dr. Hü
+herself tells the story of the beginnings of the work: "When I first took
+up my work in the city here, during the first few months what did I meet?
+People came and said that they wanted a foreign doctor. When our Bible
+woman told them that I had just returned from a foreign country, and that I
+knew foreign medicine, what was the immediate reply which I heard? 'No, I
+don't want a Chinese student, but I want a foreign doctor.' It made my
+Bible woman indignant, but by this time I usually stepped out and told them
+just where to go to find the foreign doctors. It surprised my hospital
+people that instead of feeling hurt I would do what I did."
+
+It was only a few months, however, before the city people discovered that
+this "Chinese student" was a most valuable member of the community. By
+summer the work of the little hospital was so prosperous that Dr. Hü
+decided to keep the dispensary open for three mornings a week, even after
+the intense heat had necessitated the closing of the hospital proper. Some
+of the patients signified their approval of this decision by renting rooms
+in the neighbourhood, in order to be able to attend the dispensary on the
+open days.
+
+During this first year of work in the Woolston Hospital Dr. Hü had two
+medical students in training, who also assisted her in the hospital work,
+one of them her younger sister, Hü Seuk Eng. She speaks warmly of their
+work among the patients, and of the patients' appreciation of what was done
+for them. "Very frequently," she wrote at the close of the year, "I hear
+the patients say, 'Truly my own parents, brothers, and sisters could never
+be so good, so patient, and do so carefully for us; especially when we are
+so filthy and foul in these sore places. Yes, this religion must be better
+than ours.'"
+
+Thus, although the work was begun in fear and trembling, and the young
+physician had some obstacles to overcome, she treated 2,620 patients during
+the first year, and was able to report a most encouraging outlook at its
+close.
+
+
+
+
+IV
+
+THE BELOVED PHYSICIAN
+
+
+As Dr. Hü's work grew it fell into four main divisions; the dispensary
+work, the work among the hospital patients, visits to the homes of those
+too ill to come to her, and the superintendence of the training of medical
+students. The city hospital has been crowded almost from the very outset.
+The situation was somewhat relieved in 1904, by the building of a house for
+Dr. Hü on Black Rock Hill. This enabled her to move out of the hospital and
+thus enlarged the space available for patients; but the additional space
+was soon filled and the building was as crowded as before. Dr. Hü is
+utilizing the building to the best possible advantage. One of her fellow
+missionaries writes that every department is as well arranged as in any
+hospital she has ever seen; every nook and corner is clean and tidy,
+students are happy, helpful, and studious, and patients are cared for both
+physically and spiritually.
+
+The hospital records hold many a story of those who found both physical
+and spiritual healing during their stay there. One day a woman over fifty,
+whose husband and son had died while she was very young, came to the
+hospital for treatment. When she was only twenty-two, crushed by her grief,
+and feeling, as she said, that there was no more pleasure in this world for
+her, she made a solemn vow before the idols that she would be a vegetarian
+for the rest of her life, hoping in this way to obtain reward in the next
+life. At the time she came to the hospital she had kept this vow sacredly
+for nearly thirty years, being so scrupulous in her observance of it that
+she even used her own cooking utensils in the hospital, lest some particle
+of animal matter should have adhered to the others and thus contaminate her
+food. She was so unostentatious about it, however, that Dr. Hü did not know
+she was a vegetarian until she prescribed milk for her.
+
+While in the hospital this woman was greatly surprised to hear, in morning
+prayers every day, that which she could but admit was better than her old
+belief. Day by day she compared the Christian teaching with her old
+religion, until finally one morning, after she had been in the hospital
+about a week, she went to Dr. Hü after the service, and said: "Doctor,
+your religion is better than mine. I want to be a Christian, but very
+unfortunately I have made a solemn vow to idols, and now, if I should
+change my faith, these idols would punish me, my children, and children's
+children." The doctor assured her that she need not be afraid, since the
+idols to which she had made her vow were only wood and stone, powerless to
+harm her. She went off comforted, and a few hours later she created
+tremendous excitement through the hospital by preparing and eating the
+first meal of meat she had had for almost thirty years. Some of the
+patients were much frightened, for the vegetarian vow is considered a most
+sacred one which, when broken, can never be made again, and they feared
+that some dire calamity would overtake her. Nothing worse occurred,
+however, than an attack of indigestion, the natural consequence of too free
+indulgence in the flesh pots after so many years of abstinence; and the
+dauntless old lady announced her intention of enjoying many a similar meal
+in the days to come.
+
+Her home was at some distance, and after she left the hospital nothing more
+was seen of her until three years later, when she appeared one day,
+bringing with her several patients for treatment. She had gained so much
+flesh, and looked so well, that she had to tell the doctor who she was.
+She said that after she went home, and her vegetarian friends saw the
+dishes of meat on her table and realized that she had broken her sacred
+vow, they were indignant and alarmed, and would have nothing to do with
+her. But within the previous year some of them had gradually begun to come
+to see her again. "I felt badly for their ignorance," she said, "but, oh, I
+was very glad to have the opportunity to tell them of what you had told me
+when I was converted."
+
+At one time a former patient of the doctor's, who belonged to a prominent
+family in the city, brought an old man of seventy-one for treatment. The
+rule of the hospital is that only women and children shall be received as
+in-patients, so the doctor directed him to go to Dr. Kinnear's hospital.
+But the old man looked greatly disappointed and begged pitifully: "I am a
+poor old man and my limb is very painful; _I-seng_ (doctor), do help me and
+have mercy upon me. Do not look upon me as a man, but a child." The
+doctor's tender heart finally prevailed and she made an exception of him.
+When the old man was cured he came back to the hospital regularly, every
+day, for the morning service. After listening attentively for a few weeks,
+he said to the doctor, "_I-seng_, I truly know this is a good religion and
+is just what I want, and I have decided to bow down to this very God."
+
+His health did not improve as rapidly as the doctor thought it should; and
+upon making careful inquiries she learned that it was because the small
+amount of money which it was possible for him to earn, was not sufficient
+to provide him with the nourishing food he needed. She at once gave him
+some money, telling him to buy the sort of food which would build-up his
+strength, and not to tell any one that he had been given this help. But
+this was altogether too much to ask of the grateful old man, and "he went
+out and began to publish it." The family who had sent him to the doctor
+were much touched by this fresh evidence of her kindness, and thereafter
+they sent their son with the old man to the morning services each day,
+saying: "The Christian doctor is so good and kind. She has not only treated
+this poor man free of charge but has helped him with money. Surely this
+religion must be good."
+
+Often patients come from far away villages to enter the hospital. One young
+girl from a town many miles up the Min River, who became a happy, eager
+Christian in the hospital, went home with the hope of coming back to study
+in the Girls' Boarding School the next year. She was very eager to tell the
+people of her village, in the meantime, of the glad truths she had learned.
+"I will be the only Christian in the village," she said. "How I wish Dr. Hü
+and Lau Sing-sang Moing (the Bible woman) would come and tell my people
+about the new religion. I will tell them all I know, but I don't know very
+much." One case is related of an old woman with double cataracts, whose son
+brought her on a wheelbarrow a distance of several hundred miles to consult
+Dr. Hü. The doctor performed a successful operation, restoring the woman's
+sight, and thereby earning the title of "The Miracle Lady."
+
+A large work is done every year in the dispensary, where Dr. Hü receives
+patients each morning. This work has grown from 1,837 cases the first year
+to 24,091 in 1910, and has made literally thousands of friends for the
+doctor and her work. When she planned to erect the little building in which
+she lives on Black Rock Hill many people told her that they were sure the
+priests, especially those of the Black Rock Hill temple, would strongly
+object to the erection of a mission building on that site, which was
+considered a particularly sacred one. But Dr. Hü felt no anxiety in regard
+to that, for the priests had been coming to the dispensary for treatment
+for some months previous to the time of beginning the building. "Some have
+come from Singapore monastery," she wrote, "others from Kushan, still
+others from those in our own city. Thank God that their illnesses were
+quickly healed."
+
+She tells of one of the Singapore priests who was so grateful to be well
+again that he came to the hospital one morning, dressed as for some
+festival occasion, and bringing with him two boxes of cakes and two Chinese
+scrolls, the Chinese characters of which he had himself written. These he
+presented to Dr. Hü with his lowest bow, saying, "If I had not come to you
+and taken your medicine I would have been dead, or at least I would not be
+able to go back to Singapore." Many priests even came to the morning
+services and listened attentively to what was said there.
+
+A somewhat incidental but very useful work carried on largely in the
+dispensary, by the Bible women, is a crusade against foot-binding. Dr. Hü's
+useful life, and the important part her strong, natural feet play in it, is
+a most effective object-lesson; and the annual reports usually record a
+goodly number of those who have unbound their feet during the year.
+
+The most difficult part of the work is that of visiting the sick in their
+homes, both because of the great distances that have to be covered, and
+because in many cases the doctor is not called except as a last resort. One
+of Dr. Hü's reports reads: "I am very sorry that we do not yet have foreign
+vehicles, railroads, or street cars. It takes much time to go from one
+place to another. Fortunately my Chinese people live near together, with
+their relatives, so when I am invited to go to see one case I often have to
+prescribe for sixteen or twenty cases before my return." Often when the
+doctor answers a call she finds that the patient has been ill for a long
+time, while the relatives have been seeking to obtain help from the Chinese
+doctor or from idols. She herself shall tell the story of an experience of
+this kind:
+
+    "Last week I was called to see a woman very ill with cholera. Her
+    people had had all known doctors, both in and out of the city, and
+    had consulted with and begged many idols to heal her, but the woman
+    had grown worse and worse, until, when she was apparently hopeless,
+    having been unconscious for two days, one of the doctors suggested
+    to try me. I went at once, and found the room crowded with friends
+    and relatives. They could not tell me fast enough what a good and
+    filial woman she was, but that the idols had said certain spirits
+    wanted her, and no amount of offerings could buy her back again. I
+    told them that the woman was _very_ ill, and that I feared it was
+    too late for my medicine to help her. Many voices replied, 'We
+    know, we know, and if she dies we will not blame you.' With a
+    prayer, and three doses of medicine left for the woman to take, we
+    left them."
+
+    "That afternoon her husband came to report that she was better. I
+    went to see her and to my great surprise she _was_ better. While
+    there a famous idol arrived to drive out the evil spirit. I said,
+    'Do you want me, or do you want the idols? We cannot work
+    together.' They insisted that I continue to prepare my medicine and
+    said that the idol could wait. He did wait twenty minutes, and I
+    have been told since that no one ever dared to ask an idol to wait
+    before. Before leaving they promised me that the idol should not go
+    near, or do anything outrageous to the woman. This is now the tenth
+    day and the woman seems to have quite recovered."
+
+    "The woman's husband came yesterday and told me that not only he,
+    but many friends and relatives, were convinced that the idols were
+    false; for one idol would give one cause for the illness of his
+    wife, and another idol would give another cause; while once they
+    did not give the medicine sent by an idol and he (the medium) said
+    later, 'The medicine has done her good.' The husband said, 'We see
+    plainly that my wife was saved by your God, by you, and your
+    medicine.'"
+
+While Dr. Hü has done a great deal of work for the poor, her practice is by
+no means limited to that class, for she is often called to the homes of the
+official and wealthy classes. One grateful husband, whose wife and baby Dr.
+Hü had saved, told her that he would not only give money towards her new
+hospital himself, but would also help her to obtain subscriptions from his
+friends. "Chinese doctors have learned to use clinical thermometers," he
+observed, "but the Chinese medicine does not seem to fit the foreign
+thermometer, for the patients do not seem to get well as with the foreign
+medicine."
+
+The first student to receive a diploma from the Woolston Memorial Hospital
+was Dr. Hü's sister, Hü Seuk Eng, who graduated in April, 1902. The
+graduation exercises, held in the Sing Bo Ting Ancestral Hall, which was
+willingly loaned for the occasion, created a keen interest, and numbers of
+the city people gathered to witness proceedings so unusual. Many of them
+said, "This is the first time a Christian service was ever held in a
+temple." But what was even more wonderful to them was the revelation of
+the possibilities of Chinese young womanhood which they received. Dr. Hü
+wrote that after the exercises an official who lived near by announced: "I
+will buy a girl seven or eight years old and I will have a tutor for her.
+Then I will send her to the Girls' Boarding School to study, and then she
+may go to Dr. Hü to study medicine. Then she will go to Sing Bo Ting
+Ancestral Temple, too, to receive her diploma. Besides, we will all be
+Christians." Others were heard to exclaim, "Who knew girls could do so much
+good to the world--more than our boys!"
+
+When the exercises were over, greatly to Seuk Eng's surprise, her sedan
+chair was escorted all the way back to the hospital, to the accompaniment
+of the popping of hundreds of fire-crackers, set off in her honour. A
+Chinese feast was prepared for the guests in the hospital, after which
+another unexpected explosion of congratulatory fire-crackers took place.
+Thus ended in true Chinese fashion, amid noise and smoke, the first
+graduation exercises of the Woolston Memorial Hospital.
+
+They were by no means the last, however, for this department of work has
+been steadily carried on ever since Dr. Hü took charge of the hospital. In
+1904 she reported: "Our little medical school is getting on nicely. The
+success of the school is mostly due to our good teacher and the students
+themselves, who have a great desire to learn. They have had written
+examinations this year; the highest general average was 98 and the lowest
+85. Can any one dare to think, 'What is the use to teach these Chinese
+people?'"
+
+Dr. Hü wrote of the commencement exercises of the class graduating the
+following year: "Quite a number of the gentry, and the teachers of the
+government schools for young men, had asked to come to attend the
+graduating exercises; and of course we were very much pleased to have them.
+They did seem to enjoy it very much. Some of them have told my friends that
+they were surprised and delighted to see that their countrywomen could be
+so brave and do so well. They also wished that their students might have
+come to see and to listen for themselves. One of the gentry decided that
+day that his daughter should come to us to study medicine."
+
+Up to this time no girl who did not have a diploma from a mission school
+had been admitted to the medical course of the Woolston Hospital. But in
+1906, yielding to the great desire of many other young women to take
+medical training, Dr. Hü opened the course to any who could pass an
+examination on certain subjects which she considered essential
+prerequisites to a medical course. Four of the seven who presented
+themselves for examination were passed; only one was a Christian girl, two
+were daughters-in-law of officials, the other a daughter of one of the
+gentry.
+
+An extract from the examination paper of one of them shows the real
+earnestness of purpose with which the work was undertaken. The first
+question asked was, "Please give your reasons for coming to study
+medicine?" "Alas, the women of my country are forgotten in the minds of the
+intellectual world. How could they think of a subject as important as the
+education of medicine! The result is that many lives are lost, simply on
+account of no women physicians for women. Though mission hospitals for
+women and children have been established for a number of years in the
+Fuhkien province they are far less than we need. For this reason I have a
+great desire for a medical education, hoping that I may be able to help,
+and to save my fellow sisters from suffering. It is for this reason I dare
+to apply for this instruction."
+
+The graduates of the medical course are as yet not great in numbers, but
+they are doing earnest, efficient work. Some of them have remained in the
+hospital as assistants or matrons. Of a recent graduating class, one went
+to the Methodist hospital in Ngu-cheng to assist Dr. Li Bi Cu, the
+physician in charge; another went to a large village, to be the only
+physician practising Western medicine; the third to Tientsin, as an
+assistant in the Imperial Peiyang Woman's Medical College.
+
+
+
+
+V
+
+THE FAVOUR OF THE PEOPLE
+
+
+As shown by the glimpses of Dr. Hü's work which have been given
+evangelistic work is carried on in conjunction with the medical work.
+Christian services are held each morning, and are attended by the
+dispensary patients, those of the hospital patients who are able to be up,
+the servants, and usually, also, by a number of visitors. The first year
+after taking charge of the hospital Dr. Hü was able to report: "Not only
+some of the in-patients, but also some of our morning dispensary patients,
+were converted and joined the church on probation. We are rejoicing over
+the fact that all the hospital servants, all my own servants, and also our
+teacher, have given their hearts to Christ. They said before a chapel full
+of patients in one of our morning services, that they would from that day
+on try to be Christians and to live a good life. So far (six months) they
+have proved themselves to be in earnest."
+
+A few years later she writes: "In our morning prayers I have often looked
+and seen a chapel full of people. I have carefully looked over the crowd
+and I could easily recognize those who have just come to us, others who
+have been here longer. You wonder how I know it? Well, their faces show.
+Oftentimes our patients listen so attentively that they forget they are in
+a crowd. Sometimes one, two, three, or even more, speak up with one voice,
+'The Jesus doctrine is truly good. What the leader said is nothing but the
+truth. Idols are false.'"
+
+In addition to the morning services Christian work is constantly done by
+the Bible women who work in connection with the hospital. They hold
+meetings in the hospital wards, teach the hospital patients to read the
+Bible, do personal work among those waiting their turn in the dispensary,
+and visit in the homes. One of the missionaries who is a frequent visitor
+to the hospital says: "No hour of the week brings more fully the joy of
+service than the hour I spend in the City Hospital with the poor sick folk
+there. They are always so glad to hear, and so responsive. No wonder the
+Master loved to heal; and no wonder the Christian physician finds so many
+open doors."
+
+It is not to be wondered at that those who have been ministered to by this
+tender, skilful Christian woman, and have watched her happy, busy life
+poured out in the service of the suffering ones about her, have become
+convinced that the beautiful doctrine which she teaches and lives is true.
+Every year the hospital reports contain a record of those who have become
+Christians during the year as a result of the medical work. Moreover, the
+seeds sown in the early years of the hospital, some of which seemed to have
+fallen on rocky ground, were not all in vain. Dr. Hü's sister, reporting
+the work of 1908, writes: "After careful investigation we found that those
+seeds were sown deep enough, and with such attention, that even though
+seven, eight, or nine years have passed they are to-day still germinating,
+growing, and bearing fruit. After hearing and accepting the gospel, their
+lives are changed. They become brighter and more straightforward, and have
+a love for other people."
+
+Christmas is a great event in the Woolston Memorial Hospital, not only for
+the patients and workers, but also for as many of the neighbours as can be
+accommodated in the chapel. There is never any difficulty with regard to
+unwilling guests; on the contrary, the neighbours invariably respond with
+almost disconcerting enthusiasm. The first year that they were invited
+to the Christmas exercises, red Chinese cards, reading "Admit one only,"
+were distributed to one hundred and twenty families, one to each house, the
+choice of the member who should use it being left to the family. Careful
+explanations as to why all could not be invited were made; but in spite of
+this, during the days preceding Christmas, the doctor was besieged by the
+non-elect with requests for invitations.
+
+[Illustration: Dr. Hü's Christmas Party]
+
+The guests were invited for half-past seven Christmas evening, but the
+great majority of them were on hand at four o'clock waiting for the doors
+to be opened. When they were opened, and the guests began to pass in,
+presenting their red tickets, a new predicament arose; for it was
+discovered that many of these tickets were of their own manufacture, the
+number of those which were passed in far exceeding the number of those
+which had been given out. But when the doctor looked over the crowds, and
+saw how eager they were to get in, and how good-natured they were, she had
+not the heart to turn them away, so told the gatekeepers to let them in as
+long as they could find a place in which to stand. And although the chapel
+was crowded to its utmost seating and standing capacity, even the basement
+and the yard outside being filled, Dr. Hü said that no better behaved or
+more quiet crowd could have been desired. They listened attentively to the
+exercises, which were fully two hours long, and at the close, group by
+group, they all went up to thank the doctor for the pleasure she had
+provided for them, and then quietly dispersed.
+
+Tea, cakes, and oranges had been provided for the invited guests, but as
+more than twice the number invited had arrived, it was found necessary to
+omit that part of the entertainment. However, the doctor sent her servants
+the following day to distribute the cakes and fruits among those for whom
+they had been provided. That the guests had enjoyed themselves was evident
+when the next Christmas drew near, for many either sent to Dr. Hü, or came
+themselves, to remind her not to forget to invite them to the Christmas
+entertainment. Nor did a single guest fail to appear on Christmas evening.
+
+If a physician's chief reward is the gratitude and appreciation of those
+among whom he works, Dr. Hü is indeed rewarded for her self-forgetful
+service of those whom she lovingly terms "my Chinese." Appreciation of the
+work she is doing is convincingly shown by the way in which the people
+flock to her, and in their great eagerness to have the hospital kept open
+the year around. This has proved to be impossible, although every summer
+Dr. Hü has made an effort to continue the work, being willing to toil even
+through the intense heat of July and August, and, since the students must
+be given a vacation, with only half her usual corps of assistants. One
+summer she wrote with gratitude that the thermometer in her bedroom
+registered only 93° that day, after two weeks of 99° and even 100°, and
+added, "It would do you good if you could see how grateful these people are
+to see us keeping our hospital open; and we are very glad to be able to do
+something for them in this very trying hot season."
+
+But the intense heat of a South China summer and the things that it brings
+with it, make it impossible to keep the work going continuously in the
+present crowded quarters. Often it is the dreaded plague which necessitates
+the closing of the hospital doors. One morning Dr. Hü heard that the
+neighbour directly across the street from the hospital had been stricken
+with this fatal disease. She closed the hospital at once, and put up a
+notice telling the patients why it was necessary to close, and assuring
+them that she would begin work again as soon as it was safe to do so. The
+next morning the notice had disappeared, and another one which was put up
+disappeared as promptly. An explanation of this was afforded Dr. Hü, by a
+remark which she overheard: "How can we stand having this hospital closed?
+We took the notice down in hope that the hospital would be opened." But
+when the plague is prevalent, the closing of the hospital is the only safe
+course to pursue; for one person, coming into the dispensary suffering from
+this disease, may do more harm in a few minutes than could be undone in
+many weeks.
+
+A common and gracious way of expressing appreciation in China is the
+presentation of an honorary tablet, to be set up in one's reception room,
+on which is written an appreciation of the achievements of the recipient.
+These are constantly bestowed upon Dr. Hü by those patients who are wealthy
+enough to express their gratitude in this fashion.
+
+A few years ago fire broke out in the middle of the night not far from the
+hospital. It burned up to the west wall of the hospital and all along the
+length of the wall, completely destroying all the houses in front of it.
+Then it was that the Chinese gave expression in very concrete form to their
+appreciation of their fellow-countrywoman, and the work which she was doing
+in that hospital. Dr. Hü says that the building might have been reduced to
+ashes in a moment had it not been for the faithful efforts of those who
+"were more willing to have their faces scorched and burned than to leave
+their work undone," and who laboured to such effect that nothing but the
+roof was seriously damaged. After the danger was over the people poured in
+to express their sympathy, and offer their congratulations that the damage
+was no greater, some of them bringing pots of tea and dishes of food. "This
+may not seem very wonderful to the people in a Christian country," says Dr.
+Hü, "but if you knew how the people usually are treated at such times you
+will agree with me when I say 'Wonderful.'" Fire is usually interpreted as
+an expression of the displeasure of the gods, and it is considered discreet
+not to interfere.
+
+Appreciation of Dr. Hü's work is not limited to any one class of people.
+One day when she was watching the laying of the foundation of her home on
+Black Rock Hill, many of the people who lived near were gathered around,
+and she thought it would be a good opportunity to see how they felt about
+her coming there. So she asked an old "literary man" standing near her,
+"Ibah, are you glad to see us building? We will soon be your neighbours."
+Without any hesitation he replied, while the others signified hearty
+approval of his remarks: "We are all delighted. It is a hospital, and very
+different from building a church. _I-seng_ (doctor), you have made many
+cures in our families. Of course you don't remember us, but even after the
+transmigration to either dog or hog we will remember you. You may be sure
+you are welcomed, only we are not good enough to be your neighbours." After
+the doctor had left, her chair-bearers told her that the people really
+meant what they said; for they had heard them say similar things when she
+was not there. Dr. Hü added, "I do feel very sorry that these people are
+still ignorant that a mission hospital is a part of the church, but they
+will know some day."
+
+Nor has appreciation of the work been limited to words. From the
+magistrates down, the Chinese have readily subscribed gifts of money to the
+hospital work. Even the Chinese physicians, who have found Dr. Hü's
+scientific training so formidable a rival to their practice, have exhibited
+a most friendly spirit. Dr. Hü says of them: "The Chinese doctors have
+bravely brought their patients for us to heal. Some of them are well-known
+doctors in the city here, so their coming to us helps our work a good
+deal. These doctors are not at all conceited. They talk very openly and
+frankly before everybody."
+
+That Dr. Hü is genuinely loved by her patients, and not valued simply as
+one from whom benefits are received, was evidenced during her mother's long
+last illness. During the many months when her mother was so ill, the doctor
+made the long trip of several miles, from her hospital to her home, almost
+every night, returning each day for her morning clinics. This, and her care
+of her mother, added to all her other work, made such heavy days that the
+patients often said: "Dr. Hü must be very tired. We must save her from
+working too hard."
+
+This, however, is more easily said than done; for Dr. Hü's sympathetic
+heart makes it very hard for her to spare herself as long as any one needs
+her help. For nine years after taking charge of the Woolston Memorial
+Hospital she worked almost unceasingly, with practically no vacations
+except those caused by the necessity of closing the hospital in the summer,
+and these she made as brief as possible. But during all this time the work
+had been steadily increasing, until finally, in 1907, when the number who
+thronged the hospital and dispensary was greater than ever before, the
+doctor's health broke down under the strain, and, although with the
+greatest reluctance, she was forced to stop work. Her fellow-missionaries
+insisted that she leave the city during the terrific heat of summer, and go
+to Sharp Peak for some rest. She had been there only two days when she was
+taken dangerously ill, and for weeks and months the gravest anxiety was
+felt concerning her. But she received the best of care and nursing, and
+finally, in March of the following year, she began gradually to recover.
+
+Some advised that the hospital be closed. But Dr. Hü's younger sister, Hü
+Seuk Eng, who had received her medical training in the Woolston Memorial
+Hospital under Dr. Hü King Eng, and had been associated with her sister in
+the hospital work for some years, said that to close the hospital would be
+a great shock to Dr. Hü, and a bitter disappointment to the people, and
+that she would undertake to keep it open. "The load was indeed very heavy
+and my heart was truly frightened," she admitted afterward. "Every day I
+just repeated that comforting verse, 'He leadeth me,' and marched forward."
+
+At first the people did not have the confidence in Hü Seuk Eng which they
+had in Dr. Hü King Eng. Hü Seuk Eng tells of their great eagerness to see
+her sister: "The faith of many of the patients has been so strong that they
+thought their illness would at once be cured, or at least lessened, if they
+could only touch Dr. Hü's garment or hear her voice, or merely look into
+her face. During these months of sickness many people came wishing to see
+'the great Dr. Hü.' They did not want to see me, whom they termed 'the
+little Dr. Hü.' Some of the leading gentry pleaded with the hospital
+servants to present their cards to Dr. Hü, and she would be sure to come
+out to see their sick friends. For it is fully nine years since she was
+appointed to take charge of this city work, and never once has she been so
+ill. Indeed, it is the first time she has not been able to respond to
+pressing calls for medical treatment. So often were heard the words, 'I
+want the doctor whose hair is dressed on the top of her head and who has
+graduated from an American college,' that my fellow workers advised the
+same coiffure in order to avoid trouble; but I told them when the question
+was asked again just to answer, 'This is Dr. Hü's younger sister, and she
+will do the best she can.'"
+
+As Dr. Hü grew stronger she was able to consult with her sister as to the
+hospital work; the nurses and students gave the young physician
+whole-hearted co-operation; and in time of need Dr. Kinnear, of the
+American Board, whose hospital is not far away, was always ready to advise
+and help. Thus the hospital work was successfully carried on under the
+"Great Dr. Hü's sister, Dr. Hü No. 2," until Dr. Hü King Eng was again able
+to take charge of it.
+
+As busy as ever, Dr. Hü is back at her work with renewed strength. "I just
+'look up and lend a hand,'" she says, in the words of the motto of The
+King's Daughters' Society of her college. But hundreds and thousands of the
+suffering ones of her country rise up to call her blessed for the loving,
+skilful ministry of that hand which has been lent to their needs untiringly
+for many years, and which they hope will be their strength and comfort for
+years to come.
+
+That her friends in America recognize the splendid service she is rendering
+in China, is evidenced by the fact that at its last Commencement her Alma
+Mater, Ohio Wesleyan University, conferred upon her the honorary degree of
+Master of Science.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MRS. AHOK
+
+  I. THE MISTRESS OF A HOME OF WEALTH
+
+ II. WORK AMONG THE WOMEN OF THE UPPER CLASSES
+
+III. A JOURNEY TO ENGLAND
+
+ IV. PATIENT IN TRIBULATION
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: Mrs. Ahok and Her Two Granddaughters]
+
+
+
+
+MRS. AHOK
+
+I
+
+THE MISTRESS OF A HOME OF WEALTH
+
+
+One of the most prominent men in Foochow during the latter half of the last
+century was Mr. Ahok, a wealthy Chinese merchant. One who had known him for
+years speaks of him as "a man of remarkable business integrity and
+generosity of nature." He was very friendly to the Americans and English
+living in Foochow, and Dr. Baldwin, of the Methodist Mission, was, during
+all his stay in China, Mr. Ahok's most trusted friend and adviser. Mrs.
+Baldwin gives a very attractive picture of this Chinese gentleman:
+
+    "When any great calamity through fire or flood came to the people,
+    he was quick to respond with the most liberal aid; and I have known
+    him in times of cholera or epidemic sickness to have thousands of
+    packages of medicine put up by our foreign physicians, for him to
+    give to the sick people. In all our acquaintance with him I never
+    knew him to turn a deaf ear to an appeal for help; in a
+    neighbouring city he supported alone a foundling asylum, in which
+    were one hundred little castaway girls to whom he supplied nurses,
+    clothing, etc., and he assured us that no one besides Mr. Baldwin
+    and myself knew of it. He had for some time been accustomed to come
+    to advise and consult Mr. Baldwin on various matters, and when
+    going away would give him a power of attorney to sign for the
+    firm."
+
+When Mr. Ahok was married, he urged Dr. and Mrs. Baldwin to be present at
+the ceremony, and gave them the privilege of bringing foreign friends with
+them if they so desired. His wife was a member of a family of high rank,
+the sister of a mandarin, and the possessor of an aristocratic little foot
+two inches and a half long. Outside of those educated in the mission
+schools, she was the first Chinese woman that Mrs. Baldwin had met who
+could read and write. One day not long after the wedding, Dr. Baldwin met
+Mr. Ahok, and disregarding the Chinese custom which makes it a breach of
+etiquette to inquire after a man's wife, asked about Mrs. Ahok. Mr. Ahok at
+once answered with evident pride, "She all the same one mandarin; she reads
+books all the day." He was very proud of her unusual ability, and the
+confidence and sympathy which soon existed between him and his wife was
+much greater than is usual in a non-Christian home in China. Mrs. Ahok
+shared her husband's warm feeling for his foreign friends. The words of
+Mrs. Baldwin, who knew her intimately, characterize her well:
+
+    "She was, from my first meeting with her, ever a friend of me and
+    mine.... She was a woman of strong character, of fine personal
+    appearance, always attired in elegant dress, and so perfect in her
+    observance of the elaborate code of Chinese etiquette that it was
+    ever a marvel to me how she remembered the smallest details of the
+    exacting courtesy, never failing to meet the terse and telling
+    instruction of the standard book on etiquette for girls and women,
+    'As a guest demand nothing, as a hostess exhaust courtesy....' The
+    better I knew her the more I esteemed her."
+
+Mr. Ahok had two beautiful homes in Foochow; one a very fine Chinese house,
+the other an English residence, elegantly furnished with carpets, pictures,
+piano, and all other foreign furnishings required for comfort and beauty.
+In these two homes he and his wife entertained with great hospitality. Mrs.
+Baldwin says that she has often seen almost the entire foreign community of
+Foochow, officials, missionaries, and business people, entertained in the
+Ahoks' home, sometimes in Chinese fashion, sometimes in foreign. It is, of
+course, contrary to Chinese custom for the mistress of the home to appear
+before gentlemen outside of her own family. Mrs. Ahok, however, knowing
+that it was the custom in England and America for the hostess to dispense
+hospitality to her guests, gradually accustomed herself to appearing as
+hostess at all gatherings where there were foreign guests; first at small
+dinners, and later in larger companies. One who was a frequent guest in the
+home says, "It was a constant surprise to me to see this Chinese lady, so
+accustomed to seclusion, ever so modestly self-possessed, and in courteous,
+ladylike bearing, equal to every occasion."
+
+But although ready to conform to foreign custom when entertaining foreign
+guests in her home, it was several years before Mrs. Ahok was willing to
+attend similar gatherings in other homes. She frequently called at the home
+of her friend, Mrs. Baldwin, but never when there were strangers there. On
+one occasion when Mrs. Baldwin was entertaining a few guests at dinner, she
+invited Mr. Ahok to dine with them. He accepted readily, and Mrs. Baldwin
+went on to say: "We very much desire that Mrs. Ahok should come with you.
+We know your customs, but you have known us for a long time. Cannot Mrs.
+Ahok make an exception and come on this occasion?" He seemed very much
+troubled and replied: "I would very greatly like to have my wife come, and
+she would enjoy doing so, and if there were no one here but Mr. Baldwin and
+you she would come. But other men will be here, and if she came her chair
+bearers would know it and her name be injured."
+
+As has been seen, Mr. Ahok was always very friendly to the missionaries and
+in sympathy with their work. The Anglo-Chinese College of the Methodist
+Mission, for example, was made possible by his generous gift. But it was
+some years before he became a Christian. When the step was finally taken,
+however, he proved to be a most ardent worker, giving generously to the
+work of several denominations in various parts of China, holding Christian
+services in his home, and doing earnest personal work among those with whom
+he came in contact in the transaction of his business, both in Foochow and
+on his trips to other cities.
+
+Mrs. Ahok was a very devout Buddhist and had no desire at all to learn of
+Christianity. She was, however, eager to learn English, and consented to
+learn it through the Bible, since Miss Foster, the English missionary who
+had been asked to instruct her in English, would consent to give time from
+her other work only on that condition. "I have often found her with the
+house full of idols, incense being burned before them," reads a letter from
+one of her friends. "Our hearts were often discouraged, fearing that this
+Chinese lady would always love the idols." Even after her husband had
+become a Christian Mrs. Ahok insisted that she would never forsake the
+worship of her ancestors and follow the foreign religion. "But," said Mrs.
+Baldwin, "I felt very sure that a woman of her mind and character would yet
+follow her husband into the better life. Within a year after, she became a
+most earnest, loving, working disciple of Christ, ready to deny herself and
+bear her cross in many ways most trying to a Chinese lady."
+
+Both Mrs. Ahok and her husband had intense opposition to meet, for it was
+not to be expected that members of families of such high rank should
+forsake the religion of their fathers without encountering bitter protest
+from their kindred. The opposition of mother and mother-in-law, both of
+whom lived in the home with them, was especially hard to bear. Mrs. Ahok's
+mother was intensely hostile to Christianity, and did everything possible
+to make things so unpleasant for her daughter that she would renounce her
+new faith. Mr. Ahok's mother was no less opposed at first; but gradually
+she became more willing to learn about Christianity, and for some time
+alternated between her idol worship and the Sunday and mid-week services
+and family prayers which Mr. Ahok held in his home. At length, after having
+thus compared the two religions for some time, she announced: "You may take
+my idol away. Hereafter your God shall be my God." From that time on she
+was a radiant Christian, and it was not long until Mrs. Ahok's mother
+followed her example.
+
+At the time of the death of Mr. Ahok's mother, there occurred an
+interesting example of the way in which a Chinese can become an earnest
+Christian without becoming less Chinese thereby. In that part of China the
+wealthy families, and many of those of the middle classes, begin on the
+seventh day after a death a series of "meritorious" ceremonies for the
+repose and general benefit of the soul of the departed. In one form or
+another the ceremonies are repeated every seventh day thereafter until the
+forty-ninth day. Buddhist or Taoist priests are hired to conduct the
+ceremonies. Mr. Ahok, probably partly that he might not antagonize his
+relatives and friends by a disregard of their funeral customs, partly
+because of the opportunity for spreading the knowledge of Christianity
+thus afforded, followed the custom of having such a gathering every seventh
+day. But instead of non-Christian ceremonies being held, the truths of
+Christianity were preached.
+
+Mrs. Ahok proved to be as active a worker as was her husband. When she had
+been a Christian only a very short time, the leader for the Friday night
+meeting held in their home failed to arrive. Evidently her husband was away
+on one of his business trips, for there was no one else there who could
+take charge of the service. So Mrs. Ahok said, "I will lead it, though I am
+not very well instructed in the doctrines of Christianity." In telling of
+it afterward she said: "I read about the woman who lost the piece of money
+and took a candle and searched for it; and about the sheep that was lost
+and found; and then there was singing and prayer; and I spoke to them, and
+I was able to speak a great deal for them to hear. God helped me and
+blessed me greatly in the service."
+
+Soon after she had become a Christian she wrote a letter to the Woman's
+Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Church, to be read at their
+annual meeting. In it she says: "The time for your meeting is so near that
+thoughts of it are constantly in my heart.... We have meetings in our
+_hong_ (store), and also meetings in our house every Friday evening. The
+praise for leading us to know the doctrine, and open the meetings, is all
+due to the sisters who have not minded that the road to China led them so
+away from their own country, but have come to teach us of Christianity.
+Although I do not presume to say that my heart has been deeply sown with
+gospel seed, yet I know that it has been changed into a different heart....
+Now I send you this letter of greeting, thanking you for your favours, and
+praising you for your great virtues. May God bless your fervour and spread
+abroad the doctrine of Christianity in my country. This is what I always
+pray."
+
+
+
+
+II
+
+WORK AMONG THE WOMEN OF THE UPPER CLASSES
+
+
+Interested in every form of Christian service, Mrs. Ahok was especially
+eager to share the joy of her new-found faith with the women of her own
+class, the wealthy aristocratic ladies whose secluded lives were so barren
+and empty, and to whom it was so difficult for a missionary to obtain
+access. She threw herself with whole-hearted eagerness into the work of the
+Church of England Zenana Society, whose mission is to these very women, and
+many are the testimonies to the inestimable value of the work which she
+did. As one of the missionaries wrote: "She is of immense usefulness in
+getting the houses open, as she knows the high-class families, and is
+intensely earnest herself that her fellow-countrywomen should receive the
+glad news too. Her knowledge of the endless Chinese etiquette and customs,
+too, is of great service." How difficult it would have been to carry on
+work of this kind successfully without the help of a Chinese lady of the
+"four hundred," can be judged from the accounts of the work which the
+missionaries wrote home from time to time.
+
+[Illustration: Reception Rooms in Chinese Homes of Wealth]
+
+    "We have paid our first visit to some of the rich families in the
+    city. Mrs. Ahok sent a coolie on the day before to ask if they
+    could see us, and they having signified their willingness, we
+    agreed to meet Mrs. Ahok and go with her. We had some dinner at 12
+    o'clock, as the city is so far away it takes a great deal of time
+    to go, and then started in our sedan chairs to meet Mrs. Ahok. We
+    found her ready, waiting for us, dressed in a most lovely coral
+    pink jacket, beautifully embroidered, and with very pretty
+    ornaments in her hair...."
+
+    "After an hour and a half's ride through the narrow, crowded
+    streets of the suburbs we reached the city gates; then through more
+    streets even more thronged, till we reached the house. We were
+    carried through the large outer door, then through a small
+    courtyard, and our chairs put down in a row facing the partition
+    which shut off the next portion of the house. There we had to sit
+    some little time, as I fancy the ladies had not quite finished
+    dressing, but at last out came one of the heads of the family and
+    invited us in. We got out of our chairs and in turn made a sort of
+    low bow to the newcomer, shaking our own hands (Chinese fashion)
+    all the time. This over, she escorted us into an inner room....
+    There was a rug on the floor, a round table, some very high chairs
+    with straight backs, and some mirrors. We sat in state some few
+    minutes and then more ladies came in one after another, and each
+    one we had to salute in the same ceremonious way...."
+
+    "We had to drink tea when we first went in, and later quite a meal
+    was spread on the round table, cakes, fruits, and tea again. We sat
+    at the table with about three of the principal ladies, and the
+    others looked on. I was a good deal struck with the respectful way
+    the young women treat the older ones, always rising when they enter
+    the room, and remaining standing until they are seated.... We were
+    invited to go and inspect the house, and I was soon quite
+    bewildered at the number of courtyards with rooms all round, which
+    we were led through. I think I was never before in so large a house
+    in China, all one story, but it must cover a great deal of ground.
+    The number of people, too, seemed very great; wives, sons' wives,
+    brothers' wives, children in dozens and scores, servants and slave
+    girls to any number--altogether in that one establishment, one
+    hundred and twenty people."
+
+    "At last we finished our tour of inspection, and arrived again in
+    the inner court; but alas! more refreshments were waiting, a bowl
+    of soup for each of us, with some white stuff inside.... We got
+    through the greater part of the concoction, wiped our mouths with a
+    cloth wrung out in very hot water presented to us by a slave girl,
+    and began to take our leave, bowed to the ladies of the house,
+    begged them to be seated, informed them that we had given them
+    much trouble, but felt grateful for their kindness, and amid
+    repeated requests to 'walk slowly, slowly,' we reached our chairs,
+    alternately calling our thanks, and requests to them to be seated.
+    It is a great thing, going with Mrs. Ahok, for one has a good
+    opportunity of learning many little customs which please them
+    greatly."
+
+    "We then proceeded to another house, where we went through much the
+    same etiquette. We were received by a very pleasant old lady and
+    her daughter-in-law, a nice young woman with four dear little
+    children, three of them boys. The old lady is a widow; her husband
+    when living was a mandarin, and her eldest son is now at Peking,
+    preparing to be a mandarin also. We were obliged to drink tea
+    again, and after some time the old lady invited us into her own
+    bedroom, a very much cleaner room than one sees generally, with
+    white matting on the floor and some good furniture. She was very
+    proud of it, but according to Chinese fashion kept exclaiming that
+    it was such a dirty bad room, that she could hardly ask us into it,
+    but we must excuse it, as it was 'an old woman's room.' We had the
+    concertina brought in again and sang several hymns to which they
+    listened very quietly. One of us read a verse and explained it
+    before singing it, and Mrs. Ahok joined heartily, most bravely
+    acknowledging herself to be a Christian, and telling her friends
+    how happy she was. We then went through the house, and about the
+    middle of the establishment we came on a little enclosure where
+    trees were growing, and a pond of water with a rookery behind it
+    looked quite pretty.... When we left they begged us to come again,
+    and Mrs. Ahok is so pleased with the reception we received that she
+    is anxious, if possible, to arrange for us to go again next week."
+
+Even more formidable than ceremonious social calls in wealthy Chinese
+homes, is the thought of entertaining the aristocracy in one's own home.
+
+    "I want to tell you about our grand feast," one lady writes. "We
+    had been entertained at several houses, and wished to try to get on
+    more friendly terms with some of the rich city ladies. We feared
+    that they would never be willing to come so far, they so seldom
+    leave their houses for anything. However, through our unfailing
+    friend, Mrs. Ahok, we sent invitations asking them to come and dine
+    with us.... Sixteen ladies promised to come. The day before, we had
+    to remind them of the day and hour; but according to Chinese
+    etiquette we only sent our cards, and the messenger explained his
+    errand...."
+
+    "Well, at last the day arrived, and we were busy all the morning
+    making the house look as bright as we could, and getting chairs put
+    about in the verandas and passages. Mrs. Ahok came first, very
+    kindly, and advised us how best to set the tables, etc. She ordered
+    the feast for us, as the Chinese always do, from a shop. So much
+    is paid for a table and everything is provided. Mrs. Ahok lent us
+    all her own pretty things for the table, lovely little silver cups,
+    ornamented silver spoons, red china tea cups with silver stands,
+    and ivory chopsticks mounted with silver; so we were very grand. We
+    had two tables, ten at each. We were twenty in all, counting
+    ourselves."
+
+    "At last they began to arrive, and we were kept busy receiving, and
+    conducting them to their seats in the drawing-room. Tea had to be
+    offered at once, and that was hard to manage as none of our men
+    servants might come into the room; so Tuang had to do it all. I do
+    wish you could have peeped in and seen them all sitting about our
+    drawing-room. To us it was a sight that made our hearts dance for
+    joy--and it was a pretty sight too. Some dresses were quite lovely,
+    all the colours of the rainbow, and beautifully embroidered...."
+
+    "Next on the programme came what the Chinese call '_Tieng sieng_,'
+    fruit and cakes; and during the interval they wandered all over the
+    house examining everything, and we moved about, talking first to
+    one and then to another. Several little things much encouraged
+    us--their friendly, pleasant manner and evident pleasure, and the
+    earnest way in which they pressed us to go again to visit them. One
+    old lady, of a rich mandarin family, said to me in a confidential
+    way, behind her fan: 'Come and see me some day when you have plenty
+    of time, and tell me all about the doctrine, slowly, slowly. I
+    would like to understand about it.'"
+
+    "At last the feast was announced, and then came the critical
+    point--seating them at table. One table is supposed to be high, the
+    other low, in point of honour, and at each table the seats are all
+    in order (one, two, three, four, etc.), and it is a mortal offence
+    to give a low seat to one who should be placed high. Mrs. Ahok came
+    to our aid again and pointed out each lady according to her rank
+    and Miss ---- escorted her to her place. We ourselves had, of
+    course, to take the lowest places."
+
+    "Mrs. Ahok then asked a blessing and we began. The principal dish
+    is placed in the centre of the table and the hostess with her own
+    chopsticks helps the guests, all the time urging them to eat, and
+    apologizing for the food, saying she is sorry she has nothing fit
+    for them to eat. Mrs. Ahok did the chief part of these duties for
+    us, and we tried to watch her and do as she did. About two hours we
+    sat at the table, and at last, when we were nearly exhausted,
+    bowls of hot water were brought in, and a cloth wrung out was
+    handed to each person to wash her mouth and hands. The effect on
+    these powdered and painted faces was very funny, but Mrs. Ahok had
+    prepared us for this emergency also, and had sent over her own
+    dressing box--such a beautiful large one--fitted up with everything
+    they could need, powders, paints, and all complete. The ladies were
+    quite charmed and delighted to find such a thing in a foreign
+    house, and adjourned upstairs with great delight to beautify
+    themselves. We heard them telling each other that it was just as
+    if they had been at home...."
+
+    "At length they said they must go, and we had great leave-taking,
+    bowing and scraping, and thanks, and apologies for having troubled
+    us so much, and assurances on our part that it was all pleasure;
+    and finally off they went, and we sat down to cool ourselves, and
+    drink tea, and chat with Mrs. Ahok. She was very glad and thankful
+    that all went off so well, but quite tired after her exertions, and
+    sat holding her poor little bound feet in her hands, saying they
+    did ache so."
+
+
+
+
+III
+
+A JOURNEY TO ENGLAND
+
+
+One day when Mrs. Ahok went to call on one of her English friends, Miss
+Bradshaw, she was startled to find that the physician had ordered her to
+leave for England on the next steamer, sailing three days later. "I wish
+you could go with me, Mrs. Ahok," Miss Bradshaw said, when she had told her
+of the physician's decision. This was a very remarkable suggestion to make
+to this little Chinese woman, whose life had been such a secluded one that
+a few years before she would not even accept an invitation to dinner with
+the Baldwins, since there were to be foreign gentlemen present. Only a
+short time before, when the Baldwins were returning to America and Mrs.
+Ahok had gone with them, on her husband's launch, to the steamer anchorage,
+twelve miles away, they had considered it a great honour, since this
+Chinese friend had never been so far from home before. But Mrs. Ahok's
+response was even more remarkable than Miss Bradshaw's proposition; for in
+three days her little Chinese trunks packed and ticketed, "Dublin,
+Ireland." Mr. Ahok had heartily consented to his wife's going; and she,
+unwilling to have her sick friend take the long journey alone, and mindful
+of the service she might perform for her people in England, by telling of
+their need and pleading for workers, quickly decided to go.
+
+A letter from a friend who was with her the day she sailed shows the spirit
+with which she took this remarkable step: "I was impressed with two things;
+her implicit confidence in her missionary friend, and her sweet, innocent
+trust in the love and care of her Heavenly Father. She was leaving an
+elegant home and a large household, and in giving last advice to servants
+and children her voice was clear and joyous, but I noticed that she often
+furtively wiped the tears off her cheeks. In her good-bye to her dearly
+loved aged mother, whose grief was inconsolable, she said: 'Don't grieve,
+don't worry, just pray and God will take care of me and I will come back.
+Then we will sit here together and I will have so many things to tell you.'
+Again and again she said to her children, 'Study your lessons diligently
+and pray night and morning.'"
+
+Mrs. Ahok sailed from Foochow the 26th of January, 1890. At Hong Kong she
+was told, "There are a hundred miseries ahead of you," but she answered
+unflinchingly, "If there were a thousand more I would go." From Singapore
+she wrote to her husband:
+
+    "Yesterday we arrived here at twelve o'clock. Diong Chio (her
+    servant, who accompanied her) wishes very much to go back to
+    Foochow. But I think now I have come so far on the way, I wish very
+    much to obey God's will and go on to England.... Yesterday we drove
+    in a horse carriage to see Mrs. Cooke. We saw Mrs. Ting's relatives
+    in the school.... It is very hot here, like Foochow in the sixth
+    moon. I wish you very much to take care of yourself and take care
+    of the children, and do not let them play too much.... I send
+    _chang angs_ (greetings) to the Christian brothers and sisters, so
+    many I cannot name them all, but greet them all. Please sometimes
+    comfort my mother's heart and cheer her that she may be happy in
+    trusting in God all the time. Write to me in Chinese characters,
+    and I can then read it myself; or sometimes, if more convenient, in
+    English, and Miss Bradshaw will read it to me."
+
+A letter from Penang, written two days later, reads:
+
+    "Leaving Singapore, a Chinese lady and gentleman came on board our
+    boat to come to their home here in Penang. I saw the lady was very
+    sad ... so I talked with them, and found they knew your friend in
+    Singapore. I spoke to them of God and the Christian doctrine, and
+    they were very glad to hear. When we arrived here they invited me
+    to their house to breakfast, which was quite a feast. Their house
+    is very beautiful, four stories high. They afterward took me to
+    call on some friends, and then brought me back to the boat on
+    time."
+
+At Colombo she and Miss Bradshaw were met by Miss Bradshaw's sister and
+brother-in-law, whose home was in that city. Mrs. Ahok wrote from there:
+
+    "We are staying two days and two nights, until our boat starts for
+    England.... In the evening when it was cool our friends took us to
+    drive, and to call on some Christian people. We saw carriages and
+    horses, so many, running _so_ fast; and the roads and streets are
+    _so_ wide many carriages can go together on them. We passed many
+    black people; nearly all the people are black. We saw many women
+    and girls with their ears full and covered with ear-rings, and some
+    in their noses too, and some _men_ also wear ear-rings. I see the
+    black people, I think how wonderful God's love must be, to give His
+    Son to die for _all the world_, these black people as well as for
+    us. The friends here said they were glad I was going to England to
+    tell the people there about the heathen. They promised all to pray
+    for me, and I want you also to pray that I may fulfil God's will,
+    and do much for God's kingdom in England, and then come back
+    quickly home."
+
+    "It is very hot here, but the evenings and early mornings are cool.
+    Every one goes out to work, or walk, or drive, from daybreak until
+    the sun is hot, and breakfast at ten o'clock. I want to know, when
+    you write, what Heli is doing; and now I am away from home you will
+    take great care of all the children. Please _chang ang_ all friends
+    and relatives, and Dr. and Mrs. Sites, and take great care of
+    yourself, that when I return I may find all well. Tell me how the
+    boys are, and don't allow Jimmy to climb the trees. Comfort my
+    mother and tell her all I have written."
+
+Mrs. Ahok was the second Chinese lady of rank to visit England, the first
+one being the wife of the Chinese ambassador. She was the first Christian
+Chinese woman England had ever known, and everywhere excited much interest
+and won warm friends. _The Christian_ of London gives an account of a
+meeting held in the Parochial Hall at Clontarf near Dublin, at which the
+chairman proposed the following resolution:
+
+    "This meeting having assembled to welcome Miss Bradshaw on her
+    return from China; and having learned the extraordinary friendship,
+    tenderness, and devotedness of her Chinese friend, the Honourable
+    Lady of Diong Ahok, mandarin of Foochow, who had at a few hours'
+    notice decided to break through national customs and leave her home
+    and family, rather than allow Miss Bradshaw to undertake the
+    journey alone; hereby records its unbounded admiration of such
+    Christian sympathy, and brave and generous conduct; and they trust
+    that her own and her husband's desire that her visit may excite
+    fresh Christian workers to go to China, may be abundantly
+    fulfilled."
+
+The report of the meeting goes on to say:
+
+    "This resolution being carried, Miss Bradshaw intimated to Lady
+    Ahok the purport of what had taken place, and asked her to say a
+    few words of acknowledgment. Accordingly, with the greatest
+    simplicity and self-possession she said (each word of her sentences
+    being translated by Miss Bradshaw) that she was very glad to meet
+    them all, and was very thankful to have been brought to England;
+    that her faith in God had enabled her to come."
+
+The Tenth Annual meeting of the Church of England Zenana Society was held
+in Princes Hall, London, during Mrs. Ahok's visit to England, and she was
+one of the principal speakers. In spite of heavy and incessant rain the
+audience began to assemble before the doors were open. Numbers stood
+throughout, and many more failed to gain admission. Standing quietly before
+the large audience, Mrs. Ahok gave her message so effectively that when
+she sat down, the chairman, Sir Charles N. Aitchison, exclaimed: "Did you
+ever hear a more simple, more touching appeal under such circumstances? I
+never did."
+
+Stating the purpose of her visit to England Mrs. Ahok said:
+
+    "I have come from China--from Foochow--and come to England for what
+    business and what purpose? The road here was _very_ difficult,
+    sitting in a boat for so long! Very tiresome it was, to be on the
+    rough sea, with wind and waves for the first time! My servant Diong
+    Chio and I have come here. We are strangers! We raise our eyes and
+    look on people's faces, but we can see no one we know--no relative,
+    no one like ourselves--all truly strange! I left my little boy, my
+    husband, my mother--all this: for what purpose, do you think? It is
+    only entirely for the sake of Christ's Gospel that I have come."
+
+    "It is not for the sake of seeing a new place and new people, or
+    any beautiful thing; we have in China quite close to us new
+    places--beautiful places. I have never seen _them_ yet; so why
+    should I come so far to see other places? They may be very good to
+    see, but not for this could I leave my household and people. I
+    cannot speak your words, I do not know any one, and your food is
+    quite different from ours: nothing is at all the same as that to
+    which I am accustomed...."
+
+    "... It was God's Holy Spirit that led me to come. He wanted me to
+    do what? Not to amuse _myself_, but to ask and invite _you_ to come
+    to China to tell the doctrine of Christ. How could you know the
+    needs of China without hearing them? How could you hear unless I
+    came to tell you? Now you can know, for I say the harvest in China
+    is _very_ great, but the labourers are _so_ few. Now my great
+    desire is that the Gospel of Christ may be known on earth as it is
+    in heaven. It is not yet known in China, and because the great
+    houses have not yet heard the Gospel, all their money is spent on
+    the idols, sacrifices, and burning incense."
+
+    "In this country _some_ help to spread the Gospel, some go to other
+    countries to tell those who have never heard, but some (a great
+    many) are not helping in any way: though they have all heard
+    themselves, they are living here only to obey their own wills, for
+    their own pleasure in this world! How pitiable! We all know the
+    Gospel of Christ; let us then not follow the heathen (who have
+    never heard) in caring for the things of this world. The Bible
+    says, 'If a man receives all the riches of this world, and loses
+    his own soul' (and the souls of many others), 'what can it profit
+    him?'..."
+
+    "I am only here for a very little, then I must go back to Foochow,
+    where there are so many large houses full of ladies; the workers
+    are so very few now. At this time only one _ku-niong_ is there to
+    visit all the great city houses. She is not enough to visit so
+    many; and it is said that in these mandarin houses their ears have
+    never yet heard the doctrine.... Now I pray God to cause, whether
+    _ku-niongs_ (unmarried ladies) or _sing-sang-niongs_ (married
+    ladies), _quickly_ to go and enter these houses with the Gospel.
+    Now I ask you, raise up hot hearts in yourselves and quickly help
+    us."
+
+    "First. Will you come back to China with me?"
+
+    "Second. If _you_ cannot, will you cause others to come, by sending
+    them and doing what you can to help them to come?"
+
+Mrs. Ahok had planned for a six months' visit in England, but word came
+that her husband was ill, and she left in July, after a stay of a little
+less than four months, during which she had addressed large audiences in
+approximately one hundred meetings in England and Ireland. The impression
+she had made there may be gathered from a paragraph which appeared in
+_India's Women and China's Daughters_, after she had left:
+
+    "Those who saw Mrs. Ahok's earnest face, and listened to some of
+    the most simple and heart-stirring words ever heard on an English
+    platform, will recall the impression her plea for her countrywomen
+    then made.... If God should open the way for Mrs. Ahok again to
+    visit England, she will be welcomed as one who brought home the
+    reality of missions to many a conscience in England, and revived
+    the flagging spirits to zeal for the Lord of Hosts!"
+
+Mrs. Ahok went home by way of Canada, accompanied by Miss Mead, one of the
+new workers for whom she had been pleading. She did not realize how
+seriously ill her husband was, for he had written cheerfully: "Tell Mrs.
+Ahok that I have been a little ill for some weeks and that now I am staying
+at the Ato house. I find it very restful staying quietly at the old
+home.... Tell Mrs. Ahok, please, not to worry at all about me." On saying
+good-bye to friends in England Mrs. Ahok told them that she hoped to come
+again, and that the next time it would be with her husband. She was thus
+spared the keen anxiety throughout the long journey which she must have
+suffered, had she realized her husband's condition. She wrote back to Miss
+Bradshaw from Montreal, telling of her safe arrival and expressing her
+gratitude that although she and her maid had both suffered severely from
+sea-sickness, they had been well taken care of by "a woman who was a
+worshipper of God." At Vancouver she had to wait some days for her steamer,
+and she wrote from there on July 26:
+
+    "All well, all peace. From the time I left England a month has
+    passed away. I keep thinking constantly of the meetings in England
+    which we had together. Now we are in this place waiting for the
+    ship and therefore we had this very good opportunity for work. I
+    have been invited by the minister of the church here to speak at
+    meetings. I have done so six times. Because this is a new place,
+    and there are men and women who do not at all believe the Gospel,
+    but who like to hear about Chinese ways and customs, therefore they
+    all greatly wish me to go to these meetings. I think this is also
+    God's leading for us, that we could not proceed on our journey, but
+    must spend this time here.... To-day is Saturday; this afternoon at
+    half-past three we are to have another meeting; to-morrow we go on
+    board ship to return to China.... When you have an opportunity,
+    give my greetings to all my Christian friends."
+
+After Mrs. Ahok was back in China, she had a letter from the minister of
+the Methodist church in Vancouver telling her that three new missionary
+societies had been formed as a result of her few days' stay. He added,
+"Your stay here has been an inspiration to us; the fortnight has been one
+of blessing to us all."
+
+
+
+
+IV
+
+PATIENT IN TRIBULATION
+
+
+The long anticipated home-coming was a very sad one. During the hot summer
+months Mr. Ahok had grown steadily weaker, and he died almost three months
+before his wife reached Foochow. It was a great comfort to those who had
+been instrumental in arranging for Mrs. Ahok's trip to England to remember
+how fully her husband had approved of the plan. Miss Bradshaw said: "I
+shall never forget the bright way in which Mr. Ahok faced all the dangers
+and difficulties of the journey on which he was sending Mrs. Ahok. As he
+said good-bye at the anchorage, he said he did it gladly, for the sake of
+getting more workers for China." Not even when sick and suffering did he
+regret having let his wife go, although he missed her greatly. He wrote
+Miss Bradshaw, during his illness, "I realize how great God's grace is, in
+allowing Mrs. Ahok to visit England, and I am so thankful to all the
+Christian friends who have helped her and been kind to her."
+
+Mrs. Ahok's brother, her nephew, and Dr. Sites, who had long been a friend
+of hers and of Mr. Ahok's, met her with a houseboat at the steamer
+anchorage; and during the twelve-mile ride up the river, the sad news was
+told. The shock almost stunned Mrs. Ahok at first, but with realization
+came heart-rending grief. Miss Mead, the young missionary who had come from
+England with her, wrote soon after their arrival: "Yesterday afternoon I
+went with three of the ladies to see her. The expression on her face was
+altered and according to Chinese custom she was very shabbily dressed. Her
+jewels were taken off. She keeps saying, 'If I could only see him once more
+and tell him all I have done in England!'"
+
+Added to her grief for her husband, Mrs. Ahok had to bear the taunts and
+reproaches of her non-Christian relatives, who told her that all this
+trouble had come as a just punishment of the gods, because she had forsaken
+the religion of her ancestors, and violated the customs of her country in
+leaving it for so many months to visit a foreign land. Not only this, but
+taking advantage of her refusal to perform certain rites of non-Christian
+worship which are a part of the legal ceremony connected with the
+inheritance of property, they seized Mr. Ahok's estate, and the dainty
+little woman who had always been accustomed to every comfort, and even
+luxury, was left with little but the house in which she lived. Moreover a
+fresh sorrow followed close upon the first one, as her mother lived only a
+short time after her return.
+
+But in spite of these heavy burdens, the rare courage which had so often
+been evidenced before, soon began to reassert itself. Miss Mead was soon
+able to write: "Mrs. Ahok spoke a little at the Bible-women's meeting on
+Tuesday, and for the first time came here afterward and had a cup of tea,
+and saw my room. She is brighter, and I am glad to tell you that she was
+able to say that the peace of God was still hers. Jimmy Ahok (her little
+son) was present at Miss Davis' wedding." Nor was Mrs. Ahok too absorbed in
+her grief to remember her friend in her happiness, for little Jimmy carried
+with him a beautiful bunch of flowers for the bride.
+
+As soon as the news of Mr. Ahok's death reached England, a letter of
+sympathy signed by nearly five hundred of Mrs. Ahok's friends in England
+was sent to her. Its closing paragraph must have brought her comfort in the
+knowledge that her journey had not been made in vain:
+
+    "We bless God for your coming to England. We have learned to know
+    and love you. Your words are not forgotten. The seed God enabled
+    you to sow is already bearing some fruit, and will, we believe,
+    bring forth much more. One sister has gone with you; we send this
+    by the hands of three more. We know others who were led by your
+    words to offer themselves for Christ's work in China. Two of them
+    are now being trained for the mission field. This will cheer your
+    heart."
+
+To this, Mrs. Ahok replied:
+
+    "I thank you all very much for your sympathy, and for sending such
+    good words to comfort me. I rejoiced greatly to hear your words.
+    When I was in England I was a great trouble to you, and I must
+    thank you for all your kindness to me then...."
+
+    "After leaving England I reached Foochow at the end of the seventh
+    moon, and then heard that my beloved husband had left this world
+    and been called home by God to His kingdom in heaven. At that time
+    I was very sad and distressed, and my distress was the greater
+    because I had no one to carry on our business. Being anxious about
+    money matters, therefore, these many days, I have failed to reply
+    to your letter and to send you my salutations, and thank you all
+    for your great love."
+
+    "Now because I cannot carry on trade myself, therefore I have
+    determined to close our business and pay all debts; and the British
+    consul has kindly acted for me in this matter. My hope is that God
+    will enable me to sell this house in which I am living, and then I
+    shall have a competency. It is because I fear that I shall not have
+    enough to feed, clothe, and educate my children that I wish to sell
+    this house. As soon as I have done this I think I shall be able,
+    with the missionary ladies, to visit the houses of the gentry, and
+    have worship with the Chinese ladies, and exhort them all to
+    embrace Christianity. Thus I shall be doing the Lord's work. I
+    trust you will all pray for me, and trust that in some future time
+    an opportunity may be given me of again visiting England and
+    America to work for the Lord. This is the true desire of my heart."
+
+    "At this time I seem to have no heart to write, but I send this
+    letter to you to express my thanks. Another day I may write again.
+    My two little children send their greeting, and I add my own. After
+    my return home an additional trouble came upon me because my mother
+    was called home to God. But so far as she is concerned death must
+    be reckoned happiness. She with my husband, earlier than myself,
+    are enjoying the eternal bliss of heaven. I will thank you to give
+    my salutations to all the sisters and ministers whom I know."
+
+Mrs. Ahok soon began again the work among the upper class women which had
+been her great joy, heartily co-operating with both American and English
+missionaries in their efforts for these women. Miss Ruth Sites, of the
+American Methodist Mission, was very eager to do something for the young
+girls of this class, and Mrs. Ahok gladly lent her influence, with such
+effect that Miss Sites was enabled to start a small school. Here a good
+education was given to the daughters of the official class, and
+Christianity was so taught and lived that by the end of the second year all
+but two of the pupils were Christians. Miss Sites wrote also of the help
+that Mrs. Ahok gave in taking her to call in the homes which it would
+otherwise have been impossible for her to reach.
+
+The Church of England Mission had for some years maintained a school for
+the daughters of the Chinese Christians in Foochow; but a few years after
+Mrs. Ahok's return from England they began to feel the urgent need of
+another school, where girls from non-Christian families could be educated.
+When Mrs. Ahok's advice was asked, she heartily approved of the plan and
+advised that it be attempted, offering to rent her home to the Mission for
+a school building, and promising also to help in the teaching. Moreover she
+was invaluable in interesting her non-Christian friends in the school, and
+it rapidly grew from four to forty-five, with such prospects of future
+prosperity that the house next door to Mrs. Ahok's was also rented, and a
+new dormitory and dining-room were built.
+
+Girls brought up in non-Christian homes are of course very different from
+the daughters of Christian parents, and Mrs. Ahok warned the missionaries
+at the outset that they would be very difficult to manage, and herself drew
+up the school rules. Her services were of the greatest value, both in this
+school and in the School for High Class Girls established by the Church of
+England Zenana Society a few years later, of which she was made the matron.
+"She makes the girls love her, and her influence over them is good," wrote
+one of the teachers. "A fortnight ago some money was stolen out of a
+drawer. I was very sad about it, and the girls were urged to confess, but
+until yesterday no one spoke. Yesterday Amy told Mrs. Ahok that she had
+taken it and asked her to tell me." Again she wrote: "Mrs. Ahok makes a
+very good matron of the school, and an excellent hostess to the many
+visitors who come to see the school. Whenever an opening is given Mrs. Ahok
+and I return the call, and usually get good opportunities of delivering the
+message."
+
+Testimony is also borne to Mrs. Ahok's effective work among the mothers of
+the pupils of the school. One of her great joys is a weekly meeting in
+that wing of the Church Missionary Society's hospital which was erected in
+memory of her husband, and set aside for the use of women patients.
+
+Throughout her life of whole-hearted service for the women and girls of her
+country, Mrs. Ahok has been a most devoted mother to her adopted son,
+Charlie, and her own child, who was always known as Jimmy. The latter
+inherited his mother's quick mind, and made such a good record at the
+college which his father's generous gift had founded many years before,
+that after his graduation he was asked to return as one of the faculty. The
+beauty of his life was the crowning tribute to his mother. At a meeting
+held in Foochow, an American, who had recently come there as an insurance
+agent, told how much impressed he had been by a young Chinese to whom he
+had been talking, and added that if the Christian schools turned out young
+men like that, he thought the work was indeed worth while. The young man
+was Jimmy Ahok.
+
+In the summer of 1904 the young man's wife was very ill, and through the
+hot summer weeks he cared for her night and day with such devotion that his
+own health gave out. It was some time before he would admit that he was
+ill; but he was finally forced to succumb to a severe attack of pneumonia,
+which ended his life within a very few days. His only anxiety seemed to be
+that he had not done enough work for his non-Christian neighbours. "I have
+not tried enough to influence the neighbours," he told his mother. "When I
+get well I will have a service for them and teach them to worship God." His
+death was a great blow to his mother, but her work has again been her
+solace.
+
+One of her friends wrote to England, at the time of her son's death, that
+the thought that her friends in England would be praying for her was one of
+the greatest sources of comfort to Mrs. Ahok. In the midst of her busy life
+in China she has never forgotten England nor her friends there. Some years
+after her return to China, she sent her greetings to her English friends by
+one of the returning missionaries, and bade her ask them: "Have you done,
+and are you doing, all you resolved to do for my sisters in China? So many
+missionaries have been called home, there can be no lack of _knowledge_ now
+as to the needs of the heathen. With so many to witness to them, how great
+is the increase of _responsibility_ to Christians at home."
+
+She wrote to the women of the Church of England Zenana Society: "You
+rejoiced to help many ladies to come to Foochow to act as light-bearers
+and induce those who were sitting in darkness to cast away the false and
+embrace the true, and to put away all the wicked and evil customs. The work
+which these ladies are doing is of great value and has helped many. They
+have preached the gospel in all the region; they have tended the sick in
+the Mission hospitals; they have opened schools for women and girls in
+several places, and in my own house. In my own house there are now
+thirty-nine scholars, some of whom have unbound their feet; and some have
+been baptized. I myself every week teach in this school, and I also go to
+the hospital and talk to the sick people. I trust that this seed so widely
+sown will presently bear fruit, some thirty, some sixty, some a hundred
+fold. You will remember that when I was in England I told you of the state
+of things in China; and I hope you will not forget my words but will do
+your utmost to help China, that God's promised reward may hereafter be
+yours."
+
+Mrs. Ahok is daily giving herself, in whole-hearted service, to her
+countrywomen. A fellow-worker has recently written of her:
+
+    "She is winning her way into the hearts of the people in the Manchu
+    settlement. Always bright and cheerful, and ready to tell the
+    Story, she is welcomed wherever she goes. When I think of her past
+    life of ease as the daughter, and later the wife, of an official, I
+    marvel at her spirit of consecration. Quietly she goes from house
+    to house in search of those who are willing to listen. Miles she
+    has walked over the hot stone pavements. 'If my people will only
+    believe in Christ, I shall be well repaid,' she says."
+
+A true Christian woman, whose courage has flinched at no sacrifice, who has
+borne the loss of husband, mother, son, and property, and the reproaches of
+non-Christian relatives, with a peace and a faith unshakeable and
+convincing, Mrs. Ahok is accomplishing much by what she does, doubtless
+even more by what she is.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DR. IDA KAHN
+
+  I. CHILDHOOD IN THREE COUNTRIES
+
+ II. AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
+
+III. SEVEN YEARS IN KIUKIANG
+
+ IV. PIONEER WORK IN NANCHANG
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: Dr. Ida Kahn]
+
+
+
+
+DR. IDA KAHN
+
+I
+
+CHILDHOOD IN THREE COUNTRIES
+
+
+By the time little Ida Kahn first opened her eyes in Kiukiang, China,
+little girls had become a drug on the market in her family. Her parents had
+long been eager for a son, but each of the five babies who had come was a
+daughter, and now this sixth one was a little girl, too. According to
+Chinese custom, they called in the old blind fortune-teller to declare her
+fate and give advice concerning her future. His verdict was discouraging
+for he told them that she must be killed or given away to another family,
+since as long as she remained in the home the long-desired son would never
+come to them. The parents were not willing to end the little life, so they
+determined to engage the baby to a little boy in a neighbouring family, and
+give her to the family of her betrothed to bring up. But when they called
+the fortune-teller again to ask his judgment on the proposed betrothal, he
+declared that the little girl had been born under the dog star, the boy
+under the cat star, and therefore the betrothal was not to be thought of.
+The family's perplexity as to what to do with this superfluous little
+daughter became known to the neighbours, and one of them, who was teaching
+Chinese to Miss Howe and Miss Hoag of the Methodist Mission, told them
+about it. That very afternoon they took their sedan chairs and went and got
+the baby. Thus, when only two months old, Ida was adopted by Miss Howe,
+whom she always calls "my mother," and of whom she says, "There is no one
+like her in the world."
+
+The same year that little Ida was born, Miss Howe and Miss Hoag had
+succeeded in starting a school for girls in Kiukiang, the first girls'
+school in that part of China. In this school, as soon as she was old
+enough, Ida began to study. When she was nine years old Miss Howe went to
+America and took the little girl with her. They were in San Francisco at
+this time, and there Ida attended a mission school for the Chinese girls of
+the city. As most of the other pupils belonged to Cantonese families, and
+spoke a Chinese dialect very different from that of Kiukiang, she did not
+learn very much at school; but her stay in America, at the age when it is
+so easy for children to acquire languages, helped her very much in
+learning English. On her way back to China Miss Howe stayed in Japan for
+several months, and there again Ida attended school.
+
+On returning to China, Miss Howe was asked to work in a newly opened
+station of the Methodist Mission at Chung King, a city of western China,
+located on the Yangtse River many miles above Kiukiang, and many days'
+journey into the interior. During their stay there, Ida continued her
+studies, tutored by Miss Howe and Miss Wheeler, of the same mission. The
+stay in Chung King lasted only two years, for in 1886 the mission compound
+was completely destroyed by a mob, and the missionaries had to flee for
+their lives. For two weeks Ida, with some other Chinese girls, was in
+hiding in the home of a friendly carpenter, while the missionaries were
+hidden in the governor's yamen. At the end of that time they all succeeded
+in making their escape from the city, and the little girl, who had already
+had so many more experiences in her short life than the average Chinese
+woman has in threescore years and ten, had the new adventure of a trip of
+several days through the gorges of the Yangtse River. The river is always
+dangerous at this point because of the swift rapids, but was so unusually
+so at that season, when the summer floods were beginning, that only
+extraordinary pressure would have induced any one to venture on it. The
+trip to the coast was made in safety, however, and after another stay of a
+few months in Japan, Miss Howe and her charge went back to Kiukiang, and
+Ida again entered the school there.
+
+Miss Howe was desirous that the people in America who were interested in
+the Kiukiang school should be kept informed of its progress; but with her
+many duties it was difficult for her to find time for frequent letters, so
+she sometimes asked Ida to write for her. Extracts from one of these
+letters, written when Ida was fifteen, and sent with no revision at all,
+show something of this little Chinese girl's acquaintance with English:
+
+    "DEAR MRS. ----:"
+
+    "We have at present twenty-four scholars and four babies. We are
+    not many in numbers, but we hope that we may not prove the works of
+    missionaries in vain. The rules of this school are different from
+    others, since only girls of Christian families are allowed to
+    study. Girls of non-Christian families are allowed to study if they
+    are willing to pay their board. They also furnish their own
+    clothes. For these reasons our school contains girls from many
+    places since Christian girls are few.... In Kiukiang only one
+    Christian family have their girls at this school. The pastor of the
+    church over the river sends his eldest daughter. She has been my
+    companion from babyhood, and we were only separated when she went
+    to Chin Kiang and I to Chung King. She and her sisters never had
+    their feet bound. She is the first girl in Kiukiang who never bound
+    her feet. Her name is Mary Stone. She and I study together both in
+    English and Chinese."
+
+    "Her mother came a few weeks ago and stayed with us one week. One
+    day Mary and I went with her to visit the homes of missionaries;
+    when we came back Mrs. Stone suggested that we should go and see
+    her uncle. Mary and I hesitated a little; for we were not used to
+    visiting Chinese homes, especially after New Year when people are
+    very ceremonious. When we arrived at the home we found that they
+    had a New Year's party there, although it was the second month. The
+    reason was this; at the time of the New Year Chinese ladies do not
+    step outside their houses till they are invited to a party, and as
+    invitations do not come until nearly the end of the first month it
+    is common to continue to the second month."
+
+    "Mrs. Stone's friends were very glad to see her, for they had not
+    met for a long time. The party consisted of three elderly ladies,
+    besides the hostess, and three young girls besides the young
+    daughter of the house. They were dressed principally in bright
+    blue, green, and red, and were painted to the extreme. The young
+    girls hardly tasted their food, but looked us over from head to
+    foot, especially our feet. The room was hot, and presently one of
+    the girls tittered to another and said, 'Your face is streaked,'
+    meaning that some of her paint was off and showed dark lines;
+    whereupon all the girls declared that they were going to wash their
+    faces. After a while one of the girls came back and said, 'My face
+    is clean now, is it not?' Mrs. Stone told us that they saw we had
+    no paint on and were ashamed of theirs. The girls' only talk was
+    about their jewellry, clothes, and other gossip. Mary and I were
+    very much disappointed, for we hoped to learn some Chinese manners.
+    Mrs. Stone advised me not to wear spectacles, for I attracted many
+    remarks. I told her I was only too glad to draw attention from our
+    feet."
+
+    "We always remember the friends in America who for His sake sent
+    missionaries to help us. Yours affectionately,"
+
+    "IDA KAHN."
+
+
+
+
+II
+
+AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
+
+
+When Miss Howe went to America on furlough in 1892, she took with her five
+young Chinese people, three boys and two girls; the latter, Ida Kahn and
+her friend, Mary Stone. Growing up in China, under singularly sheltered and
+happy conditions, Ida had been greatly impressed with the misery of many of
+her countrywomen, and early formed the purpose of becoming a physician and
+giving her life to the alleviation of their sufferings. Mary Stone had the
+same desire, and Miss Howe, coveting for them a more thorough medical
+education than was then available in China, took them to Ann Arbor to enter
+the medical school of the University of Michigan. Both girls passed the
+entrance examinations successfully, even to the Latin requirements; in fact
+their papers were among the best of all those handed in.
+
+The four years in Ann Arbor were very busy ones. In addition to their
+college work, they did their own housekeeping in a little suite of rooms
+in the home of Mrs. Frost. She says that they excelled many American girls
+at housekeeping, having regular days for house-cleaning, and always keeping
+their reception room in good order to receive their girl friends, of whom
+they had many. Occasionally they even entertained their friends at a little
+Chinese feast. Mrs. Frost recalls that the only flaw in Ida's housekeeping
+was that when the girls stopped in her room, as they often did for a little
+visit on their way home from college, Ida would pick up a book or magazine
+and become so absorbed in it that she would forget all about the domestic
+duties awaiting her.
+
+But in spite of college and housekeeping duties, they were not too busy to
+take part in the Christian work of the church which they attended. Mrs.
+Frost pays them the following tribute: "They were lovely Christian
+characters, ready to respond and assist in any Christian work where their
+services were solicited. While they were in Ann Arbor they assisted me in
+my Sunday afternoon Mission Band work with the small children of our
+church, singing, or offering prayer, or telling interesting stories to the
+little ones. On different occasions they, with the Chinese boys that came
+with Miss Howe at the same time, assisted me in the public entertainments
+given to help swell the funds of the Mission Band and raise enough to
+support an orphan, or for other missionary work. They were very efficient,
+consecrated Christians, very lovable and loving, highly respected by every
+one with whom they came in contact. I have very pleasant memories of our
+little Chinese doctors, and they have a very warm place in my heart and
+affections."
+
+Both the girls won many friends among both students and faculty. Ida was
+elected to the secretaryship of her class in her Junior year. Their record
+for scholarship was so enviable that the assertion was often made, "They
+must either be remarkably clever, or they must have applied themselves with
+unusual devotion." They led their class in their Junior year, and in their
+Senior year were surpassed by only one student. Dr. Breakey, specialist in
+skin troubles, on whose staff they worked during their Senior year, speaks
+warmly of their earnestness and devotion to their work. Another professor
+said at the time of their graduation, "They will be a credit to the
+University of Michigan. The society which provided for their course will
+never regret having done so."
+
+As their study at the University drew to a close, the young physicians
+received many evidences of the appreciation that was felt for the work they
+had done. Before commencement a reception was given them in the Methodist
+church of Ann Arbor, at which each of them received a case of valuable
+surgical instruments. Many other gifts were also showered upon them,--from
+medical cases, cameras, clocks, and bedquilts, to books and dainty
+handkerchiefs.
+
+In order not to attract attention they had adopted American dress during
+their stay in Ann Arbor; but their graduation dresses were sent from China,
+made in Chinese style, of beautiful Chinese silk, with slippers of the same
+material,--Ida's blue, Mary's delicate pink. Seven hundred and forty-five
+students received their diplomas at that commencement, but to none was
+accorded the universal and prolonged applause which broke forth as the two
+young Chinese women stepped on the platform to take their diplomas from
+President Angell's hands. Even the medical faculty applauded heartily, the
+only time that the staff joined in the demonstrations of the audience. One
+who was in the audience says, "Their bearing and dignity made us very proud
+of them." President Angell was much interested in them and said to their
+friends, "Their future career will be watched with every expectation of
+eminent success."
+
+The two months succeeding their graduation were spent in Chicago in
+hospital work, and in the autumn they sailed for China. While they were in
+America an old gentleman said to Ida, "I am glad you are going back to your
+country as a physician. Your people need physicians more than they need
+missionaries." The Chinese reverence for old age was too great to permit
+Ida to contradict him, but turning to her friends she said quietly, "Time
+is short--eternity is long." So it was not only as a physician, but as a
+regularly appointed medical missionary that she returned to China.
+
+
+
+
+III
+
+SEVEN YEARS IN KIUKIANG
+
+
+Quite a little anxiety was felt concerning the reception which the young
+physicians would receive from the Chinese on their return to Kiukiang. A
+foreign-trained Chinese woman physician had never been seen or heard of in
+that section of China, and, scarcely, in all China, since Dr. Hü King Eng,
+of Foochow, was the only other in the Empire at that time. The doctors' own
+friends had long been asking when they were coming back, and when at last
+the time arrived they had their plans all laid for welcoming them. The
+missionaries had some doubts as to the propriety of a public ovation to two
+young women, but the Chinese were so eager for it that they at last
+consented, and from the moment the young doctors left the steamer until
+they arrived at the gate of the mission compound, they were saluted with an
+almost continuous fusillade of fire-crackers. Of course the noise attracted
+curious crowds, and by the time they reached the Bund they were surrounded
+by a host of their townspeople who were eager to get a glimpse of the
+"women doctors." Some of them were heard to say, "Why, these girls are
+receiving more honour than was shown to our commandant when he arrived!" As
+the company slowly proceeded up the Bund, the missionaries were besieged
+with eager questions: "Are they Chinese women?" "Is it true they have been
+studying for four years in a foreign land?" "Can they heal the sick?" "Will
+they live in Kiukiang?" When all these questions were answered in the
+affirmative there was a vigorous nodding of heads, and "_Hao! Hao! Hao!_"
+(Good, good!) was heard on every side. It seemed remarkable that in so
+dense a crowd the universal expression of face and voice indicated only
+favourable interest.
+
+Shortly before the doctors arrived one of the missionaries wrote, "We are
+expecting 'our doctors' back this fall, and after they have several months
+of hospital practice in other mission hospitals in China, we hope to have a
+place ready for them to begin work." The doctors had expected, too, a
+little time for resting, and visiting with the friends whom they had not
+seen for so many years. Moreover it was thought that some time would have
+to elapse before they could gain the confidence of the people sufficiently
+to begin practice. But on the third day after their arrival four patients
+appeared and asked for treatment; on the following day the same four
+returned and six newcomers arrived; and so it went on, until dispensary
+quarters had to be hurriedly rented and regular work begun.
+
+They had been back only about a month when they were sent for one evening
+to visit a woman who was in a very serious condition. On arriving at the
+house they found there the best known native doctor in the city, richly
+dressed in satin and silk, and accompanied by four chair-bearers. He had
+told the woman's family that he could do nothing for her, and after
+welcoming the young women physicians very pleasantly, he took his leave,
+advising the family to put the patient into their hands, saying, "They have
+crossed mountains and seas to study about these matters." The family wanted
+the doctors to guarantee that the woman would live, but they, of course,
+refused to do this, and after some discussion turned to go. But at that the
+older members of the family fell on their knees, and begged them to stay
+and do just whatever they thought best. Their treatment was so successful
+that three days later the grateful family invited them to a feast, after
+which they were wound about with red scarfs by the old grandmother, and
+presented with gifts. The entire family then escorted them home amid the
+explosion of many fire-crackers.
+
+The _China Medical Missionary Journal_ of December, 1896, in commenting
+upon the work of these young women, says: "They have not, up to the present
+time, had to endure the pain of losing a patient, although they have had
+several very serious cases. When that does come, as of course it must,
+there will doubtless be some reaction, and present faith may be changed to
+distrust for a time. But the most hopeful had not dreamed of their
+commencing work without some opposition, and that they actually sought,
+before making any efforts to secure patients, has been a great surprise to
+all. Their early success is doubtless due largely to the fact that they are
+back among their own people as true Chinese, and while they have gained
+much in culture and intellect, love and sympathy for their race have ever
+been present; while the ruling motive in all their efforts has been how
+best to prepare themselves to help their countrywomen. The native women do
+not stand at a distance to admire them, but familiarly take their hands and
+feel their clothing; and while acknowledging their superiority do not
+hesitate to invite them as guests to their humble homes."
+
+Nor was the reputation of the young physicians limited to Kiukiang. At
+about the time of their return, the young emperor, Kwang-hsi, had issued
+edicts to the viceroys of the various provinces, ordering them to search
+out and send to Peking, young men versed in modern affairs, who could act
+as advisers to him. Several of these young men held a meeting in Nanking
+before proceeding to Peking. Two of them had heard of the young doctors
+just returned from America, and, on their way to Nanking, stopped at
+Kiukiang for the purpose of calling on them. The doctors, however, felt it
+wise to adopt a conservative attitude in regard to receiving calls from
+young men, lest their influence with the women with whom they were to work
+should be weakened, did they violate Chinese custom in this matter. Miss
+Howe therefore received the guests in their stead, answered their
+questions, gave them such information as they desired, and presented them
+with the diploma of one of the doctors. They displayed the diploma at the
+meeting at Nanking, where it created much interest. The son of Governor
+Tang of Hupeh, who was at the meeting, spoke for two hours on the
+desirability of educating women, and suppressing the custom of
+foot-binding. Then and there a society was organized in which these men
+pledged themselves to marry their sons only to natural-footed women, and
+their daughters only into families whose girls were allowed to grow up with
+natural feet.
+
+At about this time, also, Chang Chih Tung, one of the most eminent and
+public spirited viceroys of his time, sent a representative to wait upon
+Miss Howe, with the request that she and the young physicians accept
+positions in a school which he wished to establish in Shanghai. His aim was
+to develop a University for women which would train women teachers, and he
+wished also to have a medical department in connection with it.
+Foot-binding concubinage, and slavery were dealt with directly in the
+prospectus; Sunday was to be observed as a holiday; and liberty of
+conscience in the matter of religion was to be allowed. While no religious
+books might be taught in the school, no objections were raised to religious
+work being done privately. When this request was brought to the Women's
+Conference of the Methodist Mission they passed a resolution expressing
+their sympathy with the proposed plan, and advising the acceptance of the
+positions by Miss Howe and one of the doctors, "if in the process of the
+development of the plans they feel it best to do so." Although as the
+plans developed Miss Howe and the doctors finally decided that they could
+be more useful in Kiukiang, the offer shows the interest felt in the work
+of the young physicians, even in the highest official circles.
+
+At the close of the first year, Dr. Kahn reported:
+
+    "With the exception of a month spent at the Nanking Memorial
+    Hospital we have kept up our work steadily ever since our return to
+    Kiukiang. At present we have regular dispensary work, and our Bible
+    woman spends her time faithfully teaching the women. As she is
+    quite an elderly woman, has been very well trained and educated,
+    and above all is an earnest Christian, we are sure that her
+    influence will not be small on those with whom she is brought in
+    contact. Then again, she is a good chaperon to our girls who are
+    preparing to be nurses. There are three girls who have been in the
+    girls' school from five to six years, and now choose to take up
+    nursing as their life work. They assist in the dispensary, help
+    make up the drugs, attend to the hospital patients, and recite two
+    lessons to us every day. Later on we hope to have them assist in
+    our operations and go out with us when we need them."
+
+    "At present we have six patients in the hospital, and although the
+    number may seem small, yet our hospital has been opened scarcely
+    two months, and it is so tiny that it appears quite full. The
+    hospital is merely a Chinese dwelling, heightened and improved by
+    floors and windows."
+
+    "During the year two or three interesting trips have been made by
+    us into the country. The first one was made by Miss Stanton and
+    myself to the capital of the province, to attend the wife of an
+    official. We brought her home with us, and while here undergoing
+    treatment she studied the Bible every day and enjoyed it very much.
+    Later, when she returned home, she recovered completely, and now
+    two of her sons are in our mission school. Her husband gave one
+    hundred dollars for the dispensary and two merit boards or tablets
+    to us, and he said he would help us in raising money for the
+    hospital...."
+
+    "One thing which pleases us very much is that those whom we have
+    treated outside, when they get well almost invariably come and call
+    on us, and even go with us to church."
+
+The following year she wrote:
+
+    "The time has come again for us to give our yearly report and we
+    are very glad to be able to say that the work has advanced in every
+    direction. The year has been a very unhealthy one and fevers have
+    simply flourished, so that our nurses have been kept very busy
+    caring for patients often in a critical condition. During the year
+    we were enabled to make four visits into the country. Miss Stanton
+    has been more free to do evangelistic work and take long trips than
+    previously, and it has been a privilege for one of us doctors to
+    accompany her on the journeys. By taking turns, one of us could
+    always attend to the regular work. People are awakening everywhere,
+    and crowds flock to us to hear the truth and receive medical
+    treatment. Sometimes we dispense medicine to one or two hundred
+    people a day. Our stock of medicine usually gives out, and many
+    people have had to be turned away for lack of drugs. Everywhere
+    they begged us to come and visit them again. At one place a party
+    of women came at night to the boat where Miss Stanton and I were
+    staying, inviting us to go ashore and organize a church. They told
+    us: 'Men can hear preaching sometimes on the street; but we women
+    never have an opportunity to hear anything except when you ladies
+    come to teach us.'"
+
+During that year, the second of their practice, the young physicians were
+able to report 90 patients treated in the hospital, 134 in homes, 3,973 in
+the dispensary, and 1,249 during country trips, making a total of 5,446.
+
+Their third year was also a very prosperous one, not only in their work
+among the poor, but also in the number of calls which they received from
+the class of people who were able to give them ample compensation for their
+services. This money was always turned into the mission treasury by the
+young physicians, who also, for four years, gave their services to the
+Woman's Missionary Society without salary, in return for the four years of
+training which they had received at Ann Arbor. An interesting glimpse of
+the impression they made upon their fellow-workers is given by a letter
+from one of the missionaries written at this time: "None who know our
+beloved doctors, Mary Stone and Ida Kahn, can do otherwise than thank God
+for raising up such efficient and faithful workers. It is difficult to
+think of any desirable quality which these two ladies do not possess. To
+this their growing work gives witness."
+
+Dr. Kahn was honoured in the latter part of the year by being appointed as
+the representative of the women of China to the World's Congress held in
+London, June, 1899.
+
+The hearts of the doctors were gladdened during this year by the prospect
+of a hospital building in which to carry on their work. Early in 1900 Dr.
+Kahn wrote happily to Dr. Danforth, whose gifts had made the building
+possible:
+
+    "Work on the building is going on merrily, and the results are
+    pleasing so far.... As to our work at present, we can truly say
+    that never before has it seemed so encouraging. This being the
+    Chinese New Year month we have usually had scarcely any patients,
+    and at least for a number of days no patients at all; but this year
+    we had no day without patients, and often had thirty, forty, and
+    even over fifty patients a day, which is certainly unprecedented.
+    You cannot imagine how strong a prejudice the average Chinaman has
+    against doing work of any kind too soon after New Year's. Not only
+    is it the only holiday of any duration they have during the year,
+    but it is ill luck to work too early."
+
+    "While standing at the gate on the second day, watching the
+    patients straggling in, I saw one of them brought on a stretcher.
+    It was a pretty little girl who had been badly burned by the
+    upsetting of a foot stove under her wadded garments. As they came
+    up an old woman who carried one corner of the bamboo bed called
+    out, 'Doctor, have you opened your accounts yet?' meaning have you
+    begun work yet. I answered, 'Why, our accounts have never been
+    closed, so we did not need to reopen them!' 'Yes,' she said, 'I
+    know, and I wish you many congratulations for the New Year, and may
+    you have much custom during the year.' Think of what that implies!
+    Then she went on volubly describing what a time they had in getting
+    people to carry the bed, for no money could induce them to come,
+    and finally she and a few boy cousins had to bring her. A few days
+    ago her people came and fired lots of crackers, as well as hung up
+    long strips of red cloth outside our gate, in order to show people
+    that we have accomplished a cure for them and they wish to express
+    their gratitude in public."
+
+A few months later the Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial Hospital was
+completed; but just as they were about to occupy the new building the Boxer
+uprising assumed such serious proportions that all work had to be dropped,
+and the women were forced to leave the city. The doctors accompanied the
+other missionaries to Japan, and remained there for a few months; then came
+back to China and spent a few weeks in Shanghai, until the country had
+quieted down sufficiently to make it safe to return to the interior. The
+weeks in Shanghai were not idle ones, for they found plenty of patients to
+treat during their stay there.
+
+There were many missionaries from various parts of China gathered in
+Shanghai at this time, and the women improved the opportunity thus afforded
+by the presence of so many workers for a conference on the various phases
+of women's work. Dr. Kahn was asked to give an address on Girl Slavery at
+this conference, and made a great impression by her powerful plea for the
+abolition of this wicked practice. Her appeal had added force because she
+was a Chinese woman herself, and this evil custom had come close to her
+life. "She was my best friend in school," she said of one victim, "and her
+mind was as beautiful as her person. We were baptized together and she
+confessed to me that she would like to devote her life to Christian work,
+adding so sadly that she must try first to help her opium-smoking father.
+Where were gone her longings and aspirations when she was sold by him to be
+the concubine of a man sixty years of age! Surely on this eve of China's
+regeneration, we, the more favoured ones, must plead with all our might
+that all these unnatural customs shall be swept away with the last relics
+of our country's barbarism."
+
+[Illustration: A Nurse in Dr. Kahn's Hospital]
+
+The doctors were soon able to recommence work in Kiukiang, and with their
+fine new hospital they worked under far more favourable conditions than
+heretofore. A letter from Dr. Kahn tells of their enjoyment of the new
+building: "It is now a pleasure to see the little crowds of women and
+children sitting comfortably in the easy seats of the dispensary waiting
+room, and to notice how they enjoy the talks of the Bible woman. In former
+years they were always huddled together in a dark room, or else were
+scattered here and there in our front yard, and the Bible woman had great
+difficulty to get them to listen quietly. The new drug room is a
+constant delight. The operating room, too, is our pride, because it is so
+light. The confidence which people had in our work before last year's
+troubles broke out, appears to revive again."
+
+The following summer, Miss Robinson, of Chinkiang, visited the doctors in
+their new quarters. A letter written from their home reads: "We find them
+as skilful in housekeeping as in hospital-keeping, and excelling in the
+happy art of making their guests at home. Such all-round women are a
+priceless boon to their native sisters. I want to have our graduates attend
+the coming annual meeting in Kiukiang, improving this opportunity of
+bringing them in contact with the doctors, who have long since become the
+ideals of our school girls.... Referring to the fear some native Christians
+have shown of sending their girls to a school having manual labour in its
+curriculum, Dr. Ida exclaimed hotly, 'This fear of work is the bane of
+China.' Here are two doctors of exalted privileges, educated abroad,
+honoured alike by native and foreigner, and yet putting their hand to
+cooking and housework of every kind, as the need may be, without a thought
+of being degraded thereby; a glorious object-lesson to accompany the
+teachings of the mission schools."
+
+
+
+
+IV
+
+PIONEER WORK IN NANCHANG
+
+
+In the first year of the young physicians' practice in China, a launch had
+been sent to Kiukiang by one of the high officials of Nanchang, the capital
+of Kiangsi province, with the request that one of the physicians should
+return to Nanchang in it and treat his wife, who was very ill. Dr. Kahn
+went, and brought the woman back to Kiukiang with her. After a few weeks
+under the doctors' care she returned to Nanchang completely recovered, and
+gave such glowing accounts of the benefit she had received that many of the
+wealthy ladies of the city followed her example and went to the Kiukiang
+hospital for treatment.
+
+At that time no American missionary work was being done in Nanchang; but
+the successful treatment of the wife of the official is said to have
+"opened the gates to Protestant missionaries." The Methodist Mission soon
+established a station there, and the work grew rapidly in spite of the fact
+that Nanchang was not an altogether easy place in which to work. As it
+was in the interior and off the highway of travel, little was known of
+foreigners. Moreover, there was a rowdyish element of the population which
+was very hostile to them and everything connected with them, as Dr. Kahn
+had good cause to know. Soon after the work in Nanchang had been begun by
+their mission, she and Miss Stanton made a trip there, the latter to do
+evangelistic work, Dr. Kahn for medical work. Dr. Kahn shall tell the story
+of their experiences:
+
+[Illustration: A Village Crowd]
+
+[Illustration: One of Dr. Kahn's Guests]
+
+    "One afternoon, Miss Stanton and myself went to call on some ladies
+    of the Plymouth Brethren Mission, the only other Christian mission
+    besides our own in the city. The day being warm Miss Stanton had
+    the rain cover of her sedan chair removed. Unfortunately it was a
+    hired chair and there were no side curtains, neither was there an
+    upper curtain in front. When we had gotten fairly started boys
+    began to follow us, and by the time we had reached our destination
+    quite a crowd was with us, and rushed into the compound ahead of
+    us. Once in, we planned to cover the chair; and also waited till
+    dark for our return, hoping that by that time the crowd would have
+    dispersed."
+
+    "However, when we got ready to start, there was a large crowd still
+    clustered around the court and door. They allowed Miss Stanton to
+    get into her chair first and start off, but when I followed, then
+    the fun began. The coolies would take a step or two, then the
+    chair would be pulled almost down. Yelling at them was of no avail.
+    Finally a stone was thrown and one of the windows broken, so I
+    thought it was time to walk. The crowd called out, 'A foreigner! a
+    foreigner!' I was almost ready to cry with vexation, and could not
+    help telling the people that they were cowards and barbarians. One
+    or two of the bystanders now began to take my part, and
+    administered a blow or two to those who seemed to be too
+    obstreperous, telling me at the same time not to be afraid. I
+    started to enter the largest residence near me, but the gatekeeper
+    slammed the door in my face so I went on ahead. One of my volunteer
+    helpers said, 'There is the residence of the official Yang, where
+    you can find shelter.' So he led me into a house where a couple of
+    women were sitting in the great room. Rather abruptly I told them
+    that I was pursued by a crowd, and asked if I could find shelter
+    there until I could send word to my people. My guides also
+    explained that the people took me to be a foreigner. To my surprise
+    the ladies welcomed me cordially, and ordered the doors to be shut
+    on the crowd. Now all my friends will be ashamed to know that I
+    could not repress my tears, but after a good cry I felt relieved.
+    The people in the house urged me not to be afraid. I told them I
+    was not afraid; I was disgusted that my people could be so mean. My
+    hostess related several instances where ladies coming home alone in
+    their chairs had been pulled about, and deplored the fact that
+    there were so many rowdies everywhere."
+
+    "Very soon the church members heard of my trouble and came to
+    escort me home. As we wended our way homeward fresh members joined
+    us till we formed quite a procession with lights flashing
+    everywhere. Indignation was felt by all, so some of the party went
+    back to demand the arrest of the ringleaders. How thankful I was to
+    get back safely to our mission compound. Miss Stanton's chair
+    coolies had assured her that I was following behind, and she
+    thought everything was secure. The church members were at prayer
+    meeting and did not notice my non-arrival. The delay I think must
+    have been providential, for had the members rushed there and found
+    a crowd, I fear more trouble must have resulted."
+
+    "Very soon the husband of a wealthy patient came and offered many
+    apologies for the bad conduct of the people. How do you suppose he
+    found out about the matter? He was returning home from a feast, and
+    seeing so many Methodist lanterns (please do not smile, for the
+    lanterns have 'Methodist Church' written on one side, and 'Gospel
+    Hall' on the other) asked what it meant, and learned of the
+    trouble.... Certainly the devious ways of my own countrymen never
+    struck me so forcibly before. How much we do need the truth to
+    shine in upon us and change us completely."
+
+Yet it was to this city that the Christian physician's heart went out in
+such compassion that, for its sake, she was not only willing, but glad to
+leave her home in Kiukiang, the prosperous work which she had been doing in
+fellowship with her lifelong friend, Dr. Stone, and the beautiful new
+hospital to which she had long looked forward with so much eagerness.
+
+"This old city of Nanchang with about three hundred thousand inhabitants,
+and surrounded by a thickly settled country, has not a single educated
+physician," one of her letters reads. "Do you know what that means? The
+people realize their need and asked us to go and live among them. One of
+the church members offered to give us, free of charge, a piece of land
+situated in a fine part of the city, for either a hospital or a school lot.
+The pastor said he could raise $1,000 among the people if we would only
+begin medical work there. Do you think we ought to refuse that offer, which
+is a wonderful one, because the church has only just been established
+there? 'And when they came to Jesus they besought Him instantly, saying
+that he was worthy for whom He should do this.'"
+
+The people of Nanchang, both Christian and non-Christian, pleaded so
+eagerly for medical work, and promised to do so much toward its support,
+that the missionaries agreed with Dr. Kahn in feeling that a door to great
+opportunity was open before her, which it would be a serious mistake not to
+enter. Accordingly, early in 1903, she responded to what Dr. Stone termed
+"the Macedonian call," and began work in Nanchang.
+
+The Woman's Foreign Missionary Society did not feel able to assume any
+responsibility for the financial support of the medical work in the new
+field, beyond that of the doctor's salary. But Dr. Kahn firmly believed
+that missionary work should be just as nearly self-supporting as possible;
+and since many of the urgent invitations from Nanchang had come from homes
+of wealth, she was very willing to attempt to carry on medical work there
+on a self-supporting basis. In an article on the subject of self-supporting
+medical missionary work, written for the _China Medical Missionary
+Journal_, she gave some of her reasons for believing in self-support, and
+her theories as to how it might be carried out.
+
+    "To the many of us, no doubt, the thought naturally arises that we
+    have enough problems to deal with in our work without having to
+    take up the irksome question of self-support. Yet at the present
+    time, when every strenuous effort is being made to evangelize the
+    world in this generation, any plan which can help forward such a
+    movement at once assumes an aspect of vital importance in our
+    eyes. Let it not be presumed that self-support is to be recommended
+    as possible to every medical missionary. On the contrary, I fear,
+    only by those fortunate enough to be located in large cities could
+    the effort be attempted with any hope of success. Yet in a measure
+    the question concerns every one of us, because in its different
+    phases self-support is sure to be pressed upon all of us with more
+    or less force. Personally, my work was undertaken in Nanchang
+    partly from faith in the principle, partly because there were no
+    funds available to institute medical work on any other basis. My
+    faith in the principle is founded upon the belief that anything of
+    value is more appreciated when something has been asked in exchange
+    for its worth, from those perfectly able to effect the exchange....
+    The ordinary people who seek help from the missionary will retain a
+    higher measure of self-respect, and also suspect less the motives
+    of the benefactor. The rich will appreciate more highly the
+    services received, besides having the added glow of satisfaction in
+    helping forward a worthy charity...."
+
+    "There should be no ironclad rules, however; each case must be
+    counted on its own merits. Generally speaking, it might be well for
+    the physician in charge to state plainly that the very poor are to
+    be treated free of charge and have medicines, and occasionally food
+    supplies, gratis. Those a little better off may help a little in
+    paying for the medicines. The next step above that is to pay
+    partly for the treatment as well; while the highest grade is to pay
+    in proportion to the amount of help received. All this means a good
+    deal of thought on the part of the physician and assistant, but
+    gradually it will become routine work and so demand less labour."
+
+    "Is self-supporting work a missionary work? Assuredly yes; for is
+    not the money thus gained used in giving relief to the poor?... And
+    if all money received goes again into the work, to increase its
+    efficiency, why may it not be counted missionary? Part of it is
+    given as thank-offering by those who are not Christian, and all is
+    given for value received from Christian effort. Our Lord healed
+    diseases without money and without price. If we ask, 'What would
+    Jesus do?' under our existing circumstances, the suggestion comes
+    to my mind that it would be something different in form, but not in
+    principle, from what He did in a different land, under far
+    different circumstances, nineteen hundred and more years ago.
+    Someone says we are to follow Jesus, not to copy Him; and the
+    principal thing, it seems to me, would be always to abide in the
+    Spirit of the Christ, by whatever method we feel constrained to
+    render our little service."
+
+Although the new step was taken so bravely, it was not an easy one. Some
+idea of the courage it required is shown by the doctor's report of her
+first year in Nanchang; "The very thought of making a report causes many
+poignant memories to rush upon us. With what hesitancy and timidity did we
+begin our work in the new field! Knowing our own limitations, it was not
+with a light heart that we began the new year. Yet," she was able to add,
+"as we toiled on, we could but acknowledge that we were wonderfully led
+along 'The Pathway of Faith.'"
+
+Enough money was contributed by the Nanchang people to enable Dr. Kahn to
+rent a house in the centre of the city, in which dispensary work could be
+carried on, and in which she lived. They also supplied her with a small
+stock of drugs with which to begin work, and she treated something over two
+thousand patients during the first eight months. The number seemed small
+after the work to which she had been accustomed in Kiukiang; but she was
+becoming known in the city, and in addition to her patients several of the
+women of the city had called on her in a purely social way, many of them
+educated women of the official class. Dr. Kahn says of them:
+
+    "As the wives and daughters of expectant officials they are
+    representative of the better class of the whole country, for they
+    are assembled from every province. It is pleasing to note that
+    dignity and modesty are often combined with real accomplishment
+    among them. It is amongst these that there is a marked eagerness to
+    learn something better. They talk about their country incessantly,
+    and deplore with real sincerity her present condition, of which
+    many of them have a fairly good knowledge. To these we tell over
+    and over again that the only hope of China's regeneration is in her
+    becoming a Christian nation, and that only the love of Christ can
+    bring out the best qualities of any people...."
+
+As to the financial side of the work, Dr. Kahn reported: "The outlook is
+most promising. During the eight months I have received over $700 from the
+work, and as much more has been subscribed."
+
+During the succeeding two years the work developed steadily. The number of
+patients treated at the close of 1905 was almost three times the number
+reported in 1903, and Dr. Kahn wrote, "We have tried to check the number of
+patients, simply because we did not feel financially able to treat so
+many." The rent which she had been obliged to pay for her building in the
+city had been a heavy burden financially. Great was her delight therefore
+to be able to report, at the end of this year, a new $2,000 building for
+dispensary purposes, the money for which had been secured partly from fees,
+partly from subscriptions. "With the incubus of a heavy rent off our
+shoulders we may be able to relieve more patients, as we would wish," she
+wrote.
+
+The dispensary building was not the sole cause for rejoicing that year; for
+in addition to it a fine, centrally located piece of land, worth $3,600,
+was given for a hospital site. "All the assistance received has been from
+the gentry and not the officials, and therefore it really represents the
+people and we feel much encouraged by the fact," reads Dr. Kahn's report.
+The gentry wanted to make over the deeds of the property to the doctor.
+This, however, she would not permit, but insisted that they be made in the
+name of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Church,
+assuring the donors that the work would then be on a permanent basis, as it
+could not be if the deeds were made out in her name.
+
+It would not have been just cause for discouragement had the work dropped
+off the next year; for a dispute between some French Catholic priests and
+the Nanchang magistrates led to such serious disturbances and bloodshed
+that the missionaries were obliged to flee for their lives. Dr. Kahn
+refused to leave her work until the last possible moment, and returned just
+as soon as it was at all safe to do so. At the end of the year she was able
+to report that although it had been necessary to close the dispensary for
+three months, fully as many patients had been treated in the nine months as
+in the twelve months of the year previous. Another gift had also been
+received from the gentry, a piece of land near the hospital site, on which
+a home for the physician was already in process of building.
+
+During 1907 the work continued to grow steadily in scope and favour. Dr.
+Kahn's annual report for that year shows something of its development: "My
+practice has increased steadily among the foreigners and Chinese, until now
+we have patients come to us from all the large interior cities, even to the
+borders of Fuhkien. You would be surprised to know how many foreigners I
+treat in this out-of-the-way place. During the year we have treated over
+eight thousand patients. The evangelistic work among them has been better
+undertaken than ever before, and I am sure we shall see results in the near
+future. Several inquirers have been accepted, and seven women have been
+taken in as probationers."
+
+Although the demands of her work in Nanchang are constant and absorbing,
+Dr. Kahn has never become provincial in her interest; while working with
+whole-hearted devotion in her own corner, she still keeps the needs of the
+entire field in mind. At the fifth triennial meeting of the Educational
+Association of China, held in Shanghai in the spring of 1905, she gave an
+address on "Medical Education," in which she said in part:
+
+    "Turn the mind for a moment to the contemplation of China's four
+    hundred millions, with the view of inaugurating effectual modern
+    medical practice in their midst. How many physicians are there to
+    minister to this vast mass of humanity? Barely two hundred! Such a
+    ratio makes the clientele of each physician about two million. What
+    would the English-speaking world think if there were only one
+    physician available for the cities of New York and Brooklyn! Yet
+    the people of these cities would not be so badly off, because of
+    the steam and electrical connections at their command."
+
+    "We as missionary physicians recognize our own inadequacy and the
+    imperative demand for native schools. How can we undertake to help
+    spread medical education in China with the limited means at our
+    command? Shall we simply take unto ourselves a few students as
+    assistants, and after training them for a few years turn them out
+    as doctors? By all means, no! Take us as we are generally situated,
+    one or two workers in charge of a large hospital or dispensary, is
+    not the stress of our professional work almost as much as we can
+    bear? Then there are the people to whom we ought to give the bread
+    of life as diligently as we minister to their bodily needs. Add to
+    this the urgent need of keeping up a little study. Where comes the
+    time and strength to teach the students as they should be taught?
+    Certainly to the average missionary such work as the turning out of
+    full-fledged doctors ought to be debarred. It seems to me that what
+    can and ought to be done is to single out promising students who
+    possess good Christian characters as well as physical and mental
+    abilities, and send them to large centres such as Peking, Canton,
+    Shanghai, and Hankow, where they might take a thorough course in
+    medicine and surgery. In these large cities the case is altered;
+    for hospitals and physicians are comparatively numerous, and much
+    could be done in a union effort. I am glad one or two such schools
+    have been inaugurated."
+
+    "As stiff a course as possible ought to be arranged and if it is
+    thought best the whole thing might be outlined by the China Medical
+    Missionary Association. For entrance requirements there should be
+    presented a solid amount of Chinese and English, with some Latin
+    and perhaps one other modern language. That may seem a great deal
+    to ask at present, but our higher schools of learning ought soon to
+    be able to supply such a demand, as well as the necessary training
+    in mathematics, physics, chemistry, etc. In other words the student
+    must be equipped in the very best manner for his lifework."
+
+    "During the present generation at least, if not longer, the women
+    of China will continue to seek medical advice from women
+    physicians, and to meet the demand we must confront and solve
+    another problem. Co-education is impracticable just at this
+    juncture. We must have either an annex to the men's college, or a
+    separate one entirely. Whichever plan is adopted it matters not,
+    barring the 'lest we forget' that it is just as important to
+    establish medical schools for women as for men."
+
+    "In the golden future when schools abound we shall have to think of
+    state examinations; but at that time we shall expect to be ready to
+    greet the blaze of day in this wonderful country of ours, when she
+    has wakened from the long sleep we often hear about, and taken her
+    place among the nations of the world, and God and man shall see
+    'that it is good.'"
+
+At the close of 1907 Dr. Kahn had been back in China for twelve years,
+years of arduous, almost unremitting labour; and her fellow missionaries
+felt that before the work on the new hospital building began she ought to
+have a vacation. Certainly she had earned it. Not only had she worked
+faithfully for seven years in Kiukiang, but she had, within the five
+succeeding years, established medical work in a large city, where she was
+the first and only physician trained in Western sciences. Assisted only by
+two nurses whom she herself had trained, she had kept her dispensary
+running the year around, all day and every day. Moreover, she had kept the
+work practically self-supporting, in spite of the fact that she had refused
+to economize by using inferior medicines, or bottles of rough glass which
+could not be thoroughly cleansed. She had insisted that her drugs be of the
+purest, and dispensed in clean, carefully labelled bottles, and had often
+furnished besides the food needed to build up strength. In addition to all
+this, she so commended herself and her work to the people of the city that
+in 1906 she was enabled to hand over to the Woman's Foreign Missionary
+Society, a dispensary building and two fine building lots, to be used for a
+hospital and physician's home.
+
+She was finally persuaded to go to America for a period of change and rest.
+"Rest" for Dr. Kahn evidently means a change of work; for she went at once
+to Northwestern University to take the literary course which she felt would
+fit her for broader usefulness among her countrywomen. Eager to get back to
+China she did three years' work in two, studying in the summer quarter at
+the University of Chicago, when Northwestern closed its doors for the
+vacation. In addition to her University studies, she undertook, for the
+sake of her loved country, a work which is peculiarly hard for her, and
+almost every Sunday found her at some church, telling of the present
+unprecedented opportunities in China.
+
+The question may perhaps be raised as to whether days could be crowded so
+full and yet work be done thoroughly. But Prof. J. Scott Clark of
+Northwestern University said of her, at this time: "Dr. Kahn is one of the
+most accurate and effective students in a class of eighty-four members,
+most of them sophomores, although the class includes many seniors. The
+subject is the study of the style and diction of prominent prose authors,
+with some theme work. Last year Miss Kahn attained a very high rank in the
+study of the principles of good English style during the first semester,
+and in that of synonyms during the second semester. In the latter difficult
+subject she ranked among the very best students in a class of over three
+hundred members. She is very accurate, very earnest, and very quick to
+catch an idea. In fact she is nothing less than an inspiration to her
+classmates."
+
+In the spring of 1910 Dr. Kahn was a delegate to the Conference of the
+World's Young Women's Christian Association held in Berlin, and from there
+went to London for six months of study in the School of Tropical Diseases.
+She had planned to return to Northwestern University to complete the work
+interrupted by her trip to Europe, and to receive her degree. Her work had
+been of so unusually high a standard, however, that she was permitted to
+finish her course by correspondence, and was granted her degree in January,
+1911. She completed her course in the School of Tropical Diseases with high
+honour, and in February, 1911, she reached Nanchang, where one of her
+fellow-workers declares, "she is magnificent from the officials' houses to
+the mud huts."
+
+The new hospital was still in process of building, but the doctor began
+work at once in her old dispensary, and the news of her return soon spread.
+In a short time she was having an average of sixty patients a day, and
+several operations were booked some time before the hospital could be
+opened. It was ready for use in the autumn and in October Dr. Kahn wrote:
+"The work has gone on well, and patients have come to us even from distant
+cities clear on the other side of Poyang Lake. The new building is such a
+comfort. It looks nice and is really so well adapted for the work. I would
+be the happiest person possible if I did not have to worry about drug
+bills, etc.... It is impossible to drag any more money out of the poor
+people. Our rich patients are very small in number when compared with the
+poor. Yesterday I had to refuse medicines to several people, though my
+heart ached at having to do so. You see I had no idea that the work would
+develop so fast, and things have risen in prices very much the last few
+years."
+
+At the time that this letter was written the Revolution was in progress,
+and Nanchang, with all the rest of Central China, was in a turmoil. Because
+of the disturbed conditions most of the missionaries left the city, but Dr.
+Kahn refused to leave her work. With the help of her nurses she kept the
+hospital open, giving a refuge to many sufferers from famine and flood, and
+caring for the wounded soldiers. None of the forty beds was ever empty, and
+many had to be turned away.
+
+The close of the Revolution did not, however, bring a cessation of work for
+the doctor. She already needs larger hospital accommodation, three times as
+much as she now has, one of her friends writes. But Dr. Kahn delights in
+all the opportunities for work that are crowding upon her; for she says,
+"When I think what my life might have been, and what, through God's grace,
+it is, I think there is nothing that God has given me that I would not
+gladly use in His service."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DR. MARY STONE
+
+  I. WITH UNBOUND FEET
+
+ II. THE DANFORTH MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
+
+III. WINNING FRIENDS IN AMERICA
+
+ IV. A VERSATILE WOMAN
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: [Handwritten] Yours in His service Mary Stone]
+
+
+
+
+DR. MARY STONE
+
+I
+
+WITH UNBOUND FEET
+
+
+On the "first day of the third moon" of the year 1873, a young Chinese
+father knelt by the side of his wife and, with her, reverently consecrated
+to the service of the Divine Father the little daughter who had that day
+been given them. They named her "Maiyü,"--"Beautiful Gem"--and together
+agreed that this perfect gift should never be marred by the binding of the
+little feet. It was unheard of! Even the servant women of Kiukiang would
+have been ashamed to venture outside the door with unbound feet, and the
+very beggar women hobbled about on stumps of three and four inches in
+length. No little girl who was not a slave had ever been known to grow up
+with natural feet before, in all Central or West China. That the descendant
+of one of the proudest and most aristocratic families of China, whose
+genealogical records run back without a break for a period of two thousand
+years, little Shih Maiyü, should be the first to thus violate the
+century-old customs of her ancestors, was almost unbelievable.
+
+Even the missionaries could not credit it, not even Miss Howe, whose
+interest in the family was peculiarly keen, since Maiyü's mother was the
+first fruits of her work for Chinese women, and had ever since been working
+with her. To be sure Mrs. Shih had said to her, "If the Lord gives me a
+little daughter I shall not bind her feet." But Miss Howe had made so many
+efforts to induce the women and girls with whom she had worked to take off
+the crippling bandages, without having been successful in a single
+instance, that she did not build her hopes on this. One day, when calling
+in the home and seeing little Maiyü, then five years old, playing about the
+room, she remarked, "My dear Mrs. Shih, you will not make a good job of it
+unless you begin at once to bind little Maiyü's feet." But Mrs. Shih never
+faltered in the purpose which she and her husband had formed at the little
+girl's birth, and promptly answered, "Did I not tell you I should not bind
+her feet?"
+
+The first years of Maiyü's life were unusually happy ones. Her father was a
+pastor in the Methodist church, and had charge of the "Converting to
+Holiness" chapel in Kiukiang; her mother was successfully conducting a day
+school for girls. From her mother Maiyü received much of her earliest
+instruction and before she was eight years old she had studied several of
+the Chinese classics and memorized the Gospel of Matthew and the catechism
+in Chinese so thoroughly that she has never forgotten them.
+
+But as she approached the age when custom required that her feet should be
+bound, the little girl discovered that the way of the pioneer is not an
+easy one. The unbound feet were a constant source of comment and ridicule,
+not only by older people, but by other children as well. She was stopped on
+her way to school one day by an older girl, who taunted her with her "big
+feet" and refused to let her pass unless she would kneel down and render
+obeisance to her own bandaged stumps. The small descendant of the proud
+house of Shih absolutely refused to submit to such humiliation; but it was
+only after her mother's assistance had been invoked that she was allowed to
+proceed on her way.
+
+Relatives and friends protested vigorously against such apparent
+indifference to their daughter's future on the part of her parents. "You
+will never be able to get a mother-in-law for her," they declared. Mr. and
+Mrs. Shih felt, no doubt, that this was true; for who could have then
+prophesied that the time would so soon come in conservative old China when
+young men would not only be willing to marry girls with natural feet, but
+would decidedly prefer them! Maiyü's father and mother never reconsidered
+their decision that their daughter should grow to womanhood with natural
+feet; but they did try to devise some plan by which her life might be a
+useful and happy one, even though she might never enjoy the blessing of a
+mother-in-law. They were very much impressed with the service which Dr.
+Kate Bushnell was rendering the suffering women and children of Kiukiang,
+and when Maiyü was eight years old her father took her to Dr. Bushnell and
+announced, "Here is my little girl. I want you to make a doctor of her."
+
+This was almost as startling as the unbound feet! A Chinese woman physician
+was unknown and undreamed of. But this young father's faith in the
+possibilities of Chinese womanhood was not to be discouraged. The necessity
+of general education, preliminary to medical training, was explained, and
+Maiyü was put in charge of Miss Howe, then at the head of the Girls'
+Boarding School of the Methodist Mission. In this school she spent most of
+the next ten years of her life, studying in both Chinese and English, and
+fitting herself under Miss Howe's direction for her medical course.
+
+In 1892, Maiyü and her friend, Ida Kahn, accompanied Miss Howe to America,
+there to receive the medical education for which they had long been
+preparing. If America held much that was new and interesting to them, it
+was no less true that they were something new and very interesting to
+America. "What makes these girls look so different from the other Chinese
+women who come here?" the Government official who examined their passports
+asked Miss Howe. "All the difference between a heathen and a Christian,"
+was her prompt response.
+
+That there were Chinese girls who could successfully pass the entrance
+examinations to the medical department of the University of Michigan, in
+arithmetic, algebra, rhetoric, general and United States history, physics,
+and Latin, was a revelation to the people of America, and their college
+career was watched with the greatest interest.
+
+While in Ann Arbor, Maiyü took pity on the professors who found it so
+difficult to pronounce her Chinese name, and decided to use the English
+translation of it, Mary Stone, during her stay in America. Accordingly one
+morning when the professor started to call on her, she announced, "I have
+decided to change my name, professor." The burst of laughter with which the
+class greeted this simple statement was most bewildering to her; but after
+she had seen the joke she often declared that she was "one of the products
+of Christianity, an old maid," for, as she pointed out, an unmarried woman
+is practically unknown among non-Christians.
+
+During her medical course Mary became more strongly impressed than ever
+before with the evils of foot-binding. Her mother's feet had, of course,
+been bound in childhood, and although Mrs. Stone had never bound the feet
+of any of her daughters, she had not unbandaged her own. For she said that
+if she also had unbound feet people would say: "Oh, yes, she must be from
+some out-of-the-way place where the women do not bind their feet, and so
+she does not know how to bind the feet of her daughters. That accounts for
+such gross neglect." On the other hand, she reasoned that if she herself
+had the aristocratic "golden lily" feet, it would be evident that her
+failure to bind her daughters' feet was due to principle. But while Mary
+was pursuing her medical studies she became convinced that the time had
+come when her mother ought to register a further protest against the
+harmful custom, by unbandaging her own feet, and wrote urging her to do so.
+Mrs. Stone readily agreed to this. Moreover, at the annual meeting of the
+Central China Mission in 1894, when a large mass-meeting was held for the
+discussion of foot-binding, she ascended the platform and in a clear voice,
+which made every word distinctly heard to the remotest corner of the large
+chapel hall, told why she had never before unbound her feet, and why she
+was now about to do so. Her husband was so in sympathy with her decision
+that later in the meeting he added a few words of approval of the course
+she had taken. The last shoes worn before the unbinding, and the first
+after it, were sent to Ann Arbor to the daughter who had so long been a
+living exponent of the doctrine of natural feet.
+
+After four years at the University of Michigan, during which she and her
+friend, Dr. Ida Kahn, had won the respect and friendship of both faculty
+and students by their thorough work, Dr. Stone went to Chicago for the
+summer, in order to attend the clinical work in the hospitals there. It was
+at this time that she met Dr. I. N. Danforth of that city, who was ever
+afterward her staunch friend. He was about to leave for Europe, but found
+time before his departure to introduce Dr. Stone to many of the Chicago
+physicians and hospitals. He says: "She won the hearts of all with her
+charming ways, and got everything she wanted. When I took her to clinics
+she would often not be able to see at first, being such a little woman; but
+the first thing I knew she would be right down by the operating table. The
+doctors would always notice her, and seeing that she couldn't see would
+open up and let her down to the front." After what Dr. Danforth considered
+a thorough clinical training, including visits to practically all the good
+hospitals in Chicago, Dr. Stone sailed for China with Dr. Kahn, reaching
+there in the autumn of 1896.
+
+
+
+
+II
+
+THE DANFORTH MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
+
+
+On their return to China, Dr. Stone and Dr. Kahn received a most
+enthusiastic welcome from the Chinese. It had been expected that it would
+be necessary for them to spend the first few months in overcoming
+prejudices and gradually building up confidence. But on the contrary,
+patients appeared the third day after their arrival, and kept coming in
+increasing numbers, until in December it became necessary to rent
+dispensary quarters and rebuild a Chinese house to serve as a hospital. Dr.
+Stone reported in July, 1897, that since October of the preceding year, she
+and Dr. Kahn had treated 2,352 dispensary patients, made 343 visits, and
+had thirteen patients in their little hospital, besides spending a month in
+Nanking visiting the hospitals there.
+
+The following year the little hospital was presented with what was probably
+its first, though by no means its last, "merit board." One of Dr. Stone's
+letters gives an account of this event:
+
+    "Two days ago we had quite an occasion. A child had been sick for a
+    long time, and the best Chinese physicians pronounced him
+    incurable. Then it was that they gave us a chance. He is recovering
+    and the parents, wanting to show their gratitude, gave us a 'merit
+    board,' thinking in this way they would 'spread our fame.'
+    Accordingly a day was selected to present the board to us, and we
+    prepared tea and cakes for those who would come. On the day
+    appointed at 2 P.M., we heard a lot of fire-crackers, rockets, and
+    guns, and a band playing the flute and bugle at the same time. The
+    'merit board,' consisting of a black board with four big carved and
+    gilded characters in the centre, and with red cloth over it, was
+    carried into our guest hall by four men, and set on the centre
+    table. The characters complimented us by a comparison with two
+    noted women of ancient times, who were great scholars. I
+    acknowledged the honour with a low Chinese bow, and a tall, elderly
+    gentleman returned me a bow, without a word being spoken by either
+    of us. Then I withdrew, and he took tea with two of our gentlemen
+    teachers. The company stayed to see the board put up on our wall."
+
+As the fame of the young physicians grew and their practice steadily
+increased, they found themselves greatly hampered by lack of a proper
+building in which to carry on their work. In 1898 Dr. Stone wrote back to
+America: "Our tiny hospital is crammed full. An observer might think that
+we carried home but a slight idea of hygiene. Our hospital measures on the
+outside 28 by 21 at Chinese feet (our foot is one inch longer than yours)
+and we have been compelled to crowd in twenty-one sleepers. The building
+being so small and not protected from the heat of the sun by any trees or
+awnings, by evenings it is fairly an oven, which is certainly not a very
+desirable place for sick people. We are looking forward all the time for
+signs or signals from the women of America to build our new hospital, but
+not a letter comes to bring us this kind of message. Still we are thankful
+for the hope of building some time."
+
+This hope was realized almost at once, largely through the generosity of
+the friend Dr. Stone had made in Chicago, Dr. I. N. Danforth, who felt that
+no more fitting memorial could be erected to his wife than a hospital for
+Chinese women and children. Dr. Stone and Dr. Kahn drew their own plans and
+sent them to Chicago, where they were perfected in every detail by an
+architect of that city, and sent back to Kiukiang with the necessary
+specifications and instructions. These plans were carried out to the letter
+and in 1900 an airy, grey brick building, finished with white granite and
+limestone, plentifully supplied with comfortable verandas, and bearing over
+its pillared entrance the name, "Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial
+Hospital," was ready for occupancy. But on the very day that the furniture
+was moved in, the American consul advised all foreign women and children to
+leave Kiukiang immediately. The other missionaries were so unwilling to
+leave the young doctors to face the possible dangers from the Boxers alone,
+that they finally prevailed upon them to go to Japan with them.
+
+The hospital escaped any injury, however, and in her report for 1900, Dr.
+Stone said: "Our new hospital is a comfort and constant inspiration to us
+in our work. We were indeed grateful, after half a year's enforced exile,
+to come home and find it intact and ready for use.... During six months
+there have been 3,679 dispensary patients, 59 in-patients, and 414 visits."
+
+[Illustration:
+Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial Hospital, Kiukiang, China]
+
+The hospital was formally opened on the seventh of December, 1901, during
+the annual meeting of the Central China Methodist Mission, held that year
+at Kiukiang. The _North China Daily Herald_ gives the following account
+of this interesting occasion:
+
+THE OPENING OF A MODEL HOSPITAL IN KIUKIANG
+
+    "On Saturday afternoon the 7th instant, some foreign residents of
+    Kiukiang, the members of the Methodist Central China Mission, and
+    many native friends gathered together at the formal opening of the
+    Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial Hospital, of which two ladies,
+    Drs. Stone and Kahn, are the physicians in charge. There were a
+    number of Chinese ladies, whose rich costumes showed the official
+    rank and wealth of husbands and fathers. The Chen-tai, prefect,
+    assistant prefect and magistrate added their official dignity to
+    the occasion. These were noticeably appreciative of the first hymn,
+    'God save the Emperor.'"
+
+    "Bishop Moore presided, formally opening the hospital; Mr.
+    Clennell, H.B.M., Consul for Kiukiang, gave a very good address, to
+    which Dr. Stuart, American Vice-consul of Nanking, made fitting
+    response. Then followed short, pithy speeches by Drs. Beebee and
+    Hart. The two heroines of the occasion kept modestly in the
+    background, refusing to be introduced, much to the disappointment
+    of the audience. The officials insisted that coming forward would
+    be in entire harmony with etiquette and propriety, but the Chinese
+    young ladies remained firm and were represented by their wise
+    teacher, Miss Howe, who has planned with them and for them since
+    their childhood. After refreshments guests were at liberty to
+    saunter across verandas and through the various wards, the room for
+    foreign patients, the convalescents' room, solarium, dark room,
+    offices, reception room, etc., of this admirably planned hospital.
+    The operating room with its skylight, its operating table of glass
+    and enamel; the adjoining sterilizing room, containing apparatus
+    for distilling, sterilizing, etc., are especially interesting to
+    Chinese visitors. The drug rooms are well stocked and furnished
+    with modern appliances, instruments, a fine microscope, battery,
+    etc., and there is the nucleus of an excellent library. Everywhere
+    one finds evidence of wise forethought and careful expenditure."
+
+[Illustration: Dr. Stone, Dr. Kahn, and Five of the Hospital Nurses]
+
+    "The Chinese have a high regard for the skill and ability of these
+    gifted young physicians. One sees this appreciation, not only in
+    the commendatory tablets hanging in the entrance hall, but in their
+    equally gracious and more serviceable gifts, which together with
+    fees amounted this year to about $2,500. The doctors have had
+    within the last twelve months, 7,854 patients and have made 531
+    out-visits. Their services have been requested by different
+    official families of Kiukiang and Nan-chang, the capital of
+    Kiangsi. Patients come to them from different provinces. The young
+    physicians fearlessly make journeys far out in the surrounding
+    country, crossing the mountains perhaps, but always in perfect
+    safety, as they meet only with respect and courtesy. Sometimes
+    after a successful visit their chairs will be draped with a red
+    cloth and the physicians will be carried home in triumph through an
+    admiring crowd, and accompanied all the way by fire-crackers. They
+    hear only pleasant and complimentary remarks from passersby. 'We
+    are afraid of foreigners, but you can understand our nature'--so
+    the simple-minded country folk sometimes tell them."
+
+Dr. Stone, describing the opening of the hospital to Dr. Danforth, wrote,
+"The Chinese were very much impressed with your way of commemorating your
+wife." Dr. Kahn added that one of the highest officials, who was being
+shown through the building, signified his approval by emphatically
+declaring, "It would make any one well merely to stay in such a pleasant
+place."
+
+As a matter of fact, work had been carried on in the new building for some
+time before the formal opening. It had been ready for occupancy none too
+soon, for in the summer of 1901, the Yangtse River overflowed its banks,
+working great havoc among the crops and homes of the people living near it.
+Dr. Stone wrote Dr. Danforth: "Tens of thousands have been rendered
+homeless and destitute. Some of them are literally starved to death. The
+sick and hungry flock to our gates, and for several months we have had over
+a thousand visits each month to our dispensary." Some idea of the part
+which the hospital played in relieving the sufferings of the flood refugees
+is given by an article in _Woman's Work in the Far East_, written by Dr.
+Stone at about this time:
+
+    "Perhaps friends would like to know how we dispensed the clothes
+    and quilts so kindly sent us. During the winter months very many
+    needy refugees came to our dispensary daily for treatment. Of
+    course we did not have enough clothes to distribute
+    indiscriminately, but only for those who were the most helpless and
+    miserable. We received them by hundreds, and not only had we to
+    give out medicine, but rice, as well as clothing."
+
+    "One morning when it was raining outside, an old woman came into
+    our dispensary all exhausted, carrying a child on her back, and
+    another buttoned in front within her clothes. The older one was a
+    boy three years old and the tiny baby in her bosom was only three
+    months old. They proved to be her grandchildren, and the old woman
+    said: 'Never in our lives have we gone out to beg before, and for
+    the last three days we have not had a morsel to eat. Before the
+    floods we were considered well-to-do people, and my son is forty
+    years old and a literary man; so he is too ashamed to beg, but
+    tries to help the family by gathering sticks for the fire. His
+    wife is sick in bed with typhoid fever and now the baby has no one
+    to nurse it, and the boy is sick, and I have to take care of them
+    all and beg for a living.' The woman had on only a lined garment,
+    so we gave her one of those wadded gowns that were sent us, and a
+    tin of milk for the baby, and also sent a little rice to make gruel
+    for the sick woman at home."
+
+This was only one of many cases of need which the hospital sought to
+alleviate. A few days after Christmas of this year Dr. Stone wrote to a
+friend in America: "What a busy time we had getting ready to celebrate the
+joyful event! We gave a good square meal to the refugees, and let them take
+home what they could not finish here. It made me feel happy to see them so
+pleased, and gave us an opportunity to tell them of the greatest Gift to
+mankind. Although we were so rushed that we did not even sit together to
+eat our regular meals, yet we felt it was the happiest Christmas we have
+ever had."
+
+In addition to the refugees larger numbers of regular patients than ever
+before were coming to the doctors for treatment. The new hospital had
+hardly been opened before Miss Howe wrote, "Patients who are able to bear
+their own expenses are being sent away, because the present accommodations
+are already overtaxed."
+
+Just at this time, when the doctors' growing reputation, and the increased
+facilities which the new buildings afforded, were greatly enlarging both
+opportunity and responsibility, the question of Dr. Kahn's going to
+Nanchang to open medical work there arose. It is not surprising that at
+first Dr. Stone wondered how she could spare her friend and fellow-worker,
+now that the work was greater than ever before, and every indication
+pointed to large growth in the future. But when she became convinced that
+the opportunity at Nanchang was too great to be neglected, and that only
+Dr. Kahn could meet it, she bade her God-speed and cheerfully accepted the
+added burden thus laid upon her.
+
+Left alone with the entire work in Kiukiang, Dr. Stone's hands were full
+indeed, as the answer which she gave to a request for a synopsis of her
+day's work shows: "We breakfast at half-past seven and then I go to the
+chapel in the hospital and conduct prayers for the inmates and patients
+able to attend. After prayers I make a general inspection of the hospital,
+and then I teach my class of nurses. I take young native girls in their
+teens and give them a thorough course of training such as they would get
+in America. I translate the English books into Chinese for them, and
+sometimes put the Chinese books into English too. Then I go to the
+dispensary and am busy there for hours.... In the afternoons I make calls,
+generally on women of rank who need my assistance and have been unable to
+get to the hospital. I return home only when here seems no further work for
+me that day."
+
+So far from decreasing in number after the medical force had been lessened
+by half, the stream of patients became larger than ever. A few weeks after
+Dr. Kahn had gone, Dr. Stone said, in a letter to Dr. Danforth: "For a long
+time I have been wanting to write to you, but have been so pressed with
+work that I had to let my correspondence suffer. Now I find that I must
+write to you to let you know how crowded we are already, at this season
+when we generally have a scarcity of patients, as it is Chinese New Year.
+Now that our work is better known we seem to draw a better class of people.
+I don't mean very rich people, but the well-to-do, thrifty class, who earn
+their way by labour. Just now I have to accommodate seven private patients
+who are paying their own way, with only two private rooms at my disposal.
+So what do you think I do? I had to put one in our linen room, one in the
+sewing room, one in a bathroom, and finally, as a last resort, we had to
+put one in the nurses' dining-room.... We generally have to put patients on
+the floor in summer, but I am afraid we will not have enough room to
+accommodate more even on the floor."
+
+Dr. Stone's dispensary patients soon averaged a thousand a month, and as
+the people's confidence grew, her surgical work also became much heavier.
+In 1906 she reported: "In looking over the record for the year we realize
+that we have advanced decidedly in gaining confidence with the people.
+_Tai-tais_ (ladies of rank) who formerly refused operations, returned to us
+for help."
+
+Often her work kept her busy far into the night and she not infrequently
+fell asleep from sheer exhaustion as she was carried home, in her sedan
+chair, from some difficult case in the country. Yet her work was well done.
+The tribute of a fellow-missionary was well deserved: "Dr. Stone is a tower
+of strength in herself and with her trained assistants carries the large
+work here nobly. She has been eminently successful in surgical cases and is
+having more and more to do in this line." Another, working in a different
+station, wrote, "It was my happy fortune to be the guest of another ideal
+Chinese woman, Dr. Mary Stone, at Kiukiang. I saw her in her model
+hospital, where every little wheel of the complicated machinery was
+adjusted to perfect nicety."
+
+As the work grew, it became evident that larger accommodations would soon
+be imperative, and Dr. Stone succeeded in securing some additional land.
+The first addition was a lot which she had long desired to enclose within
+the hospital grounds. For some time she was unable to do this because of a
+road which ran between, but in 1905 the road was moved to the other side of
+the lot, at her petition, and the land was included within the hospital
+compound. "Most of the neighbours have been patients and are friendly," one
+of her letters reports. "When the magistrate came to see about moving the
+road to the other side of the lot only one man objected. He was soon
+pacified by the magistrate's remark that 'the hospital here is for the
+public good, and when it is in our power to do it a service, we should
+gladly do it.'" Another piece of land was purchased during the same year,
+by money raised entirely from the Chinese.
+
+The next addition greatly delighted Dr. Stone's heart. Adjoining the
+hospital was a temple known as "The White Horse Temple." This was so close
+to the hospital that it made one of the wards on that side damp and dark,
+and, moreover, the noisy crowds of people who thronged it, and the beating
+of the temple gongs, made it a most undesirable neighbour for a hospital.
+Immediately after the annual meeting at which Dr. Stone had been enabled to
+report the purchase of the other lots, a cablegram came from America with
+the good news that $1,000 had been secured for the purchase of the temple
+and the lot on which it stood. Purchasing a temple is quite sure not to be
+an easy task, but in spite of many hindrances Dr. Stone succeeded in
+securing the lot and in making what she gleefully termed "a real Methodist
+conversion" of the temple into an isolation ward.
+
+In 1896 Dr. Stone had landed in China and with Dr. Kahn begun medical work
+in a small, rented Chinese building. In 1906 she found herself in sole
+charge of a large, finely equipped hospital for women and children, with a
+practice which was increasing so rapidly as to make constant additions to
+the hospital property necessary.
+
+[Illustration: General Ward of the Danforth Memorial Hospital]
+
+
+
+
+III
+
+WINNING FRIENDS IN AMERICA
+
+
+In 1907, after eleven years of almost unceasing labour, during four of
+which she had carried the growing work at Kiukiang entirely alone, except
+for the help of the nurses whom she herself had trained, Dr. Stone
+reluctantly laid down her beloved work for a few months. During the winter
+of 1906 she had a severe attack of illness which she herself diagnosed as
+appendicitis, and for which she directed treatment which brought her
+relief. But renewed attacks finally convinced her and her friends that she
+must submit to an operation if her life was to be saved. It was decided
+that she should go to an American hospital, for as a fellow physician
+located at another station of the mission wrote, "We all have a very high
+regard for her and her work, and wanted her to get the best that could be
+had." Moreover, it was a good opportunity to get her "away from China for a
+much-needed change and rest."
+
+Accordingly Dr. Stone, accompanied by her friend, Miss Hughes of the
+Kiukiang mission, sailed from Shanghai, February 9. President Roosevelt,
+who was acquainted with her work and knew of her serious condition, had a
+telegram sent to the Commissioner of Immigration at San Francisco, giving
+instructions that the Chinese physician be admitted with no delay or nerve
+strain. She was therefore passed at once, with all consideration and all
+possible help.
+
+From San Francisco Dr. Stone went straight to the Wesleyan Hospital in
+Chicago, that she might be under Dr. Danforth's care. The operation was
+entirely successful, and early in April, less than a month after reaching
+America, she was sufficiently recovered to take the trip to Miss Hughes'
+home in New Jersey, where she was to rest for a few weeks.
+
+Complete rest, however, was an impossibility to Dr. Stone, even during her
+convalescence, so long as there was any service she could render. Two weeks
+after her arrival Miss Hughes wrote Dr. Danforth that "our little doctor"
+was accompanying her to several of the meetings which she was addressing,
+and was "making friends right and left for her work." Boxes of instruments,
+pillows, and spreads for the hospital beds, a baby organ for the hospital,
+the support of a nurse, and other useful things were being promised by
+these new friends. "Her smiling face, with no word from her even, is a
+wonderful revelation to people who judge the Chinese by the putty-faced
+laundrymen, the only specimen of China they have ever seen," said Miss
+Hughes. Dr. Stone spent the month of May in New York, attending lectures
+and clinics in the hospitals there. As she was starting for Chicago at the
+end of May, she wrote Dr. Danforth:
+
+    "Do you think I shall be able to see much clinic in two weeks? That
+    is the only time allotted me, and my only hope is that you will be
+    the 'master of the situation,' and help me to spend every minute to
+    the best advantage.... I have attended as much clinic as I possibly
+    could this month, but it is awfully hard to get around in New York.
+    Do you suppose I would be able to go directly to Wesley Hospital
+    Monday, and do you think Dr. J---- would have the time and the
+    interest to show me the inside methods of the hospital? He wrote me
+    a most kind letter and invited me to do so.... Two weeks will mean
+    a lot if I can be right in the inside track of things. I want some
+    time on the eye and ear work, besides a few clinics on dermatology.
+    I know two weeks will not be enough for the much I want to see and
+    know, but since it is the only time I am to have, I know you will
+    help me to make the most of it."
+
+Thus did the indefatigable little doctor take the "much-needed rest" of
+which her friends in China had written. That she did make the most of her
+two weeks is testified to by Mrs. Danforth, who visited many of the
+hospitals with her, and who says: "In visiting the hospitals she never
+missed a thing. She saw everything--nothing escaped her notice, not even
+the laundries. She was always keenly alert for every idea that would
+improve her hospital."
+
+On her way back to the East, Dr. Stone stopped at Ann Arbor, for she was
+eager to revisit her "dear old campus," and the faculty under whom she had
+taken her medical work. "We had a lovely time in Ann Arbor," she said in
+writing to a friend. "Dr. Breakey, in whose home we stayed, arranged a
+meeting, or reception, where I saw most of my old professors. Then in the
+parsonage we met all the ladies of our church. Next day I had a meeting in
+the church."
+
+The next few months were filled with almost incessant labour, chiefly
+speaking and making friends for her work. The cordial responses which she
+met everywhere never became an old story to Dr. Stone and her letters are
+full of enthusiastic accounts of them. "Here at Silver Bay, a society wants
+to support a missionary and we hope to find the missionary to-night. The
+first was yesterday's work and the second we hope to gain to-day." Again,
+"Last night on the car we met a gentleman whom I know through my sister
+Anna, and after a few minutes' talk he wants to give me his camera, 5x7,
+for hospital work. Isn't that splendid?" Or, "This morning we went into a
+flower-seed store and what do you suppose the proprietor did but to give us
+the seeds, a big list of all kinds we wanted, and then offered to add a few
+more varieties. We are having lots of fun here."
+
+Dr. Stone met with no less enthusiasm in public meetings than in her
+contact with individuals. One of her hostesses tells of her remarkable
+success in arousing genuine interest in her work: "She spoke at churches
+very often while she was with us, and not once did she fail to get what she
+asked for. She did not ask for things in general but for definite
+things,--pillows for the beds, lamps for the gateway, etc. She is
+irresistible."
+
+The same friend tells of the glee with which Dr. Stone, whose English is
+perfect, delighted to learn modern slang phrases. After practising them in
+the bosom of the family she would sometimes innocently introduce them into
+her addresses, invariably bringing down the house thereby. At one meeting,
+after telling a most remarkable story, she remarked, "You may think this is
+a whopper, but it is true!"
+
+Reports of the meetings at which she spoke contain such items as this: "The
+pastor of St. James Church offered to duplicate all money given in the
+collection when Miss Hughes and Dr. Stone spoke. Six hundred and eighty-two
+dollars was the result. A gentleman present offered one hundred dollars for
+a speech from Dr. Stone in his church. The speech was made and one hundred
+and eighty-two dollars put in the treasury." Other items read: "At the
+district meeting a new auxiliary came into being in ---- Church. No one
+could resist Dr. Mary Stone's persuasive tones as she went up and down the
+aisles asking, 'Won't you join?' She told the people how much she needed a
+pump in Kiukiang and forthwith the pump materialized." The _New York
+Herald_ gave a long and enthusiastic report of her work, ending with the
+words: "'Am I not fortunate? And I am so grateful to be able to help a
+little!' is the modest way she sums up a work of magnitude sufficient to
+keep a corps of medical men busily employed."
+
+Everywhere this little Chinese woman made friends. The words of one of her
+hostesses are emphatic: "She was in our home for a month, and she is one of
+the most attractive women of any race I have ever met. She is so charming
+that she wins her way everywhere." "She is so gracious and cordial," said
+another. "She came into our family just as a member of it. I was not very
+well at the time and she gave me massage every night. Her whole life and
+her whole interest is in doing for others. And the wonderful thing about
+her is her ability to do so much." "No missionary that we have is more
+greatly loved," is the verdict of another.
+
+Dr. Stone greatly enjoyed her stay in America. "Dr. Danforth called my
+appendix 'that blamed thing,'" she said. "I call it that blessed thing,
+because it brought me to this country and people have been so kind to me."
+But she was eager to return to Kiukiang, and early in September was on her
+way back to China, rejoicing in renewed health and new friends for her
+work, and in the many gifts which were going to make that work more
+efficient.
+
+
+
+
+IV
+
+A VERSATILE WOMAN
+
+
+Chief among the gifts which Dr. Stone received for her work while in
+America, was the entire sum of money needed to build another wing to the
+hospital. The need of this wing had been felt for years, for the hospital
+had become crowded as soon as it was opened. Dr. Stone's ingenuity had been
+taxed to the utmost to enlarge the capacity of the original buildings, by
+putting patients into rooms designed for far different purposes, and even
+partitioning off sections of the halls for them. Still many whom she longed
+to take in had to be turned away. Many times it had seemed as if the
+much-needed addition were almost a reality. But the money would not be
+quite sufficient; or the contractors could not be secured; or prices of
+building material would rise and the cost would prove to be double that
+originally estimated; it seemed as if the wing were too elusive ever to
+materialize. On her return to Kiukiang work on the new wing was commenced,
+and it was finished the following autumn. This addition practically
+doubled the hospital work, and Miss Hughes wrote that Dr. Stone was in "the
+seventh or seventeenth heaven over it all."
+
+At the same time that the new wing was being built, a little bungalow was
+erected in the hills behind the city, where children with fevers could be
+sent to escape the intense heat of the summer months in Kiukiang. "The
+Rawling Bungalow is finished and the children are all up there for the
+summer," Dr. Stone wrote in 1908. "I know you will be delighted at this
+annex to the hospital. Of course it is only a bungalow ... but it is a
+blessed relief to have this place to which to send the sick little ones and
+those who otherwise would be left to suffer here all summer."
+
+As soon as the masons had finished their work on the new wing of the
+hospital they began on another new building just beside it; a home for the
+doctor and Miss Hughes, also a gift from friends in America. That, too, was
+completed by the end of 1908, and during Chinese New Year, a time when the
+hospital work was less pressing, Dr. Stone and Miss Hughes took a trip to
+Shanghai to buy furniture for it. It is easy for one who saw the doctor
+then to imagine the keenness with which she noticed every detail in the
+American hospitals, for while visiting in the homes of friends in Shanghai
+nothing escaped her quick eye. Miss Hughes' attention was constantly called
+to things that pleased the doctor's taste by her often reiterated, "Look
+here! We must have this in our home." "Miss Hughes and I shall try to make
+our home so homey," she wrote to a friend, "and we shall open it for
+everybody, the everyday, common folks as well as the _Tai-tais_."
+
+The next addition to the hospital property was a home for the nurses, money
+for which had been pledged during Dr. Stone's stay in America. As soon as
+the funds were sent out building was commenced, and in March, 1909, the
+nurses moved into their new home. The accommodations of the hospital were
+thus enlarged still further, and moreover the nurses had a far more restful
+environment in which to spend the hours when they were off duty.
+
+[Illustration: Nurses of the Danforth Memorial Hospital]
+
+One who met Dr. Stone in America spoke of the great impression made upon
+her by the doctor's ability to do many things. The demands upon the
+physician in entire charge of the large Danforth Memorial Hospital are
+indeed many and varied, but Dr. Stone has proved equal to them all.
+
+She is a good general practitioner. Probably the best proof of this is
+the number of patients who throng the hospital gates. In 1908 she reported,
+"Last month we saw over 1,700 people in the hospital and dispensary, and in
+April we saw over 1,800." A year later she wrote, "Taking the statistics
+for last month I found we treated 2,743 in the month of April." Her
+successful treatment of the most difficult diseases is all the more
+remarkable to one who knows the tendency of many Chinese not to consult a
+physician until the patient is at the point of death. Their utter lack of
+knowledge of the simplest rules for the care of the sick, and the dreadful
+surroundings in which so many of them live, produce, in those who are
+brought to the doctor after long weeks of suffering, conditions which are
+almost too terrible to describe.
+
+The words of a fellow-missionary throw light on the difficult character of
+Dr. Stone's work:
+
+    "Talk of missionary work! People at home don't know the meaning of
+    the word! Here is this plucky little woman in the midst of this
+    awful heat--I dare not go outside of a shaded room until after the
+    sun is down at night--treating anywhere from twenty to fifty
+    patients in the dispensary every day, and her charity ward filled
+    with the most trying, difficult, repulsive cases of suffering
+    humanity. Missionary work? Why you don't even _find_ such cases as
+    she has every day, in the hospitals of America. How the people live
+    as long as they do--how these poor little suffering children
+    survive until they get to the state they are in when brought to the
+    hospital, is more than I can understand."
+
+Dr. Edward C. Perkins, who visited Dr. Stone for several days, lays similar
+emphasis on the serious condition in which the doctor finds those who apply
+to her for treatment. "The cases which came to the dispensary were sorely
+in need of help. This was, I think, the invariable rule. Such cases they
+were as do not often come to the observance of physicians in this country,
+and some familiarity with the dispensaries of four of the large hospitals
+in New York City, has almost failed to show such need as the little doctor
+sees continually."
+
+No physician in China can be a specialist. One of Dr. Stone's letters shows
+the variety of diseases which she is called upon to treat. "Women come to
+us almost dead; paralyzed, blind, and helpless.... We have in the isolation
+wards, measles; and in the contagious rooms, locked up, leprosy; an insane
+woman locked up in her room; typhoid, tuberculosis, paralyzed women and
+children, ulcer cases such as you would never dream of, surgical cases of
+all kinds, and internal cases too numerous to mention."
+
+A letter from a Kiukiang missionary tells of one woman who came to the
+hospital with "not a square inch of good flesh on her entire body." Fingers
+and toes were so diseased as to be dropping off, and the poor woman's
+suffering was unspeakable. Dr. Stone put her in isolation, and taking every
+precaution with gloves and antiseptics, herself washed and dressed the
+repulsive sores, in spite of the sufferer's protests, "Oh, doctor, don't
+touch me. I am too filthy for your pure hands to touch." This she did every
+day, until, her sores completely healed, the woman was discharged from the
+hospital a few weeks later.
+
+Hon. Charles M. Dow of Jamestown, N.Y., who was taking a trip around the
+world, met Bishop Lewis on a Yangtse-kiang steamer, and was invited by him
+to stop off at Kiukiang to make the acquaintance of a remarkable surgeon of
+that city. Great was Mr. Dow's astonishment when the surgeon appeared and
+proved to be "a small and very attractive native Chinese woman."
+
+Dr. Stone is so small that she has to stand on a stool to reach her
+operating table; but Dr. Danforth's testimony is that she is performing the
+largest operations known to surgery, and that no Chicago surgeon is doing
+work superior to hers. Moreover she has no fellow physicians to assist her
+in her surgical work. The most delicate operations, for which an American
+surgeon would call in the assistance of brother physicians, internes, and
+the most expert of graduate nurses, are performed by Dr. Stone entirely
+unaided except for the faithful nurses whom she has herself trained. Only
+at rare intervals does she receive a visit from a fellow physician such as
+Dr. Perkins of New York, who, in an interesting account of his stay at
+Kiukiang, tells of performing his first major operation "in her operating
+room and under her direction."
+
+At first the people were afraid to submit to operations, but the doctor's
+marked success with those who permitted her to operate soon overcame their
+fear. The results of her skilful use of the knife have been most marvellous
+to them. That a young woman of over twenty, who could not be betrothed
+because of a hare lip reaching into the nose, with a projection of the
+maxillary bone between the clefts, could be successfully operated on and
+transformed into a marriageable maiden, seemed nothing short of miraculous.
+Nor was it less wonderful to them that an old woman could, by an operation,
+be relieved of an abdominal tumor from which she had suffered for sixteen
+years, and which, when removed, weighed fifty-two pounds. "The people
+appreciate surgery more and more," reads one of Dr. Stone's recent letters.
+"A lot of the tuberculosis patients who have seen the quick results from
+operations want me to operate on their lungs."
+
+Another large department of Dr. Stone's work has been the training of her
+nurses. This has been an absolute necessity, for, as Dr. Stone said: "When
+I found I had to run a hospital with accommodations for 100 beds, and an
+out-patient department with sometimes 120 patients a day, I at once found I
+had to multiply myself by training workers. These workers I selected from
+various Christian schools with good recommendations as to qualifications. I
+do not dare to take into training any one who has failed as a teacher or in
+any line of work, because nursing is an art still in its embryo. To succeed
+in this profession one must not only know how to read and write, but also
+know arithmetic and some English."
+
+The course of study which Dr. Stone gives her nurses is about the same as
+that prescribed by the regular training schools, or hospitals, in America.
+To do this she has had to translate several English text-books into
+Chinese for the use of her students. The reliable and efficient nurses who
+have completed the course and are now her trusted assistants in all her
+work, have amply repaid her for all the time and labour she has expended
+upon this part of her work.
+
+In an article on "Hospital Economics" she speaks of the efficient service
+of these nurses:
+
+    "I am blessed with five consecrated young women," she says, "who
+    have completed a course of nursing and studies with me, and I have
+    divided the work into different departments, holding them
+    responsible for the work and for the younger nurses under them. For
+    instance, one of the graduates is the matron, who looks after all
+    the housekeeping and the accounts, watching for the best market
+    time for buying each article in connection with the diet, the best
+    foodstuff for the money expended, and looks after each and all of
+    the servants so that they do their work properly. Another graduate
+    nurse looks after the dispensary, the filling of prescriptions, the
+    weighing and compounding of medicines, and superintends the sale of
+    drugs in that department. Another one has charge of all in-patients
+    upstairs, and another downstairs, including private cases, with
+    junior nurses under her. These look after the special diet, and the
+    carrying out of orders in all the wards and the charting of
+    records. (This is done in English.) Still another nurse has charge
+    of the operating room, with all of the sterilization necessary for
+    all major and minor operations, the distillation of water, and the
+    responsibility of going out to cases with the doctor. In this way
+    it is arranged that in case of all operations the one doctor has
+    her assistants in the operating room, and yet does not interfere
+    with the regular working of the hospital."
+
+"Dr. Stone is multiplying herself many-fold by her splendid training of
+nurses in the Kiukiang hospital," is the verdict of Mrs. Bashford, wife of
+the Methodist Missionary Bishop of China. She has watched Dr. Stone's work
+with keen and intelligent interest, and her opinion seems to be justified
+by the results. When after weeks of unusual strain Dr. Stone was persuaded
+to take a short vacation in the mountains back of Kiukiang, her corps of
+fourteen nurses, five of them graduates, kept up the work of the hospital,
+and treated about eighty patients a day in the dispensary. Twice, in answer
+to telegrams, Dr. Stone returned to Kiukiang, only to find each time that
+everything had been done to her entire satisfaction. "Were it not for the
+efficient help I have from my nurses, I should not be able to manage this
+work at all," she says.
+
+Doubtless one great reason for Dr. Stone's success in raising up efficient
+workers is her confidence in them, and her sympathetic attitude toward
+them. "I believe many a valued worker is lost to her profession through
+lack of sympathy and encouragement when needed," she once said. "Surely the
+Lord values the workers as well as His work, and we who want our work to
+prosper cannot afford to ignore the interests of those upon whom we depend
+so largely for success."
+
+The nurses in turn have a pride in the hospital as great as the doctor's
+own, and are as devoted to it. "The nurses are fine in standing up for our
+standard of cleanliness," Dr. Stone wrote to a fellow-physician. "For
+instance, when this patient came (a very poor woman) the nurses got hold of
+her, bathed her, and put her in our clean, white clothes and tucked her
+away in one of these clean white beds in no time.... She begged to keep the
+bandages on her bound feet. 'No,' the nurses said, 'such dirty bandages in
+our clean bed! No!'"
+
+Writing to Dr. Danforth of her first graduating class, Dr. Stone said: "You
+may ask if they are going to run away and earn large sums for themselves.
+No, they are going to stay and help me in the hospital work, or earn money
+for the hospital. You see, I assign each one to a department of work, and
+she is the head-nurse of that department. Then by turn I send them out to
+do private nursing, and the sums they earn are turned into the hospital for
+caring for the poor who cannot help themselves. Mrs. Wong is nursing Mrs.
+B---- of our own mission at Nanking, and when she comes back Miss Chang
+will be sent to Wuhu to nurse a lady of another mission. Dr. Barrie, of
+Kuling, has written to me to engage several for the new hospital at Kuling
+for foreigners during this summer season. I told him I could accommodate
+him because I have three other classes in training.... The spirit has been
+most beautiful among the nurses. Many of them take their afternoon 'off
+duty' to do evangelistic work in the homes of patients."
+
+The well-trained corps of nurses is one of the most convincing testimonies
+to that of which the whole hospital is a proof--the administrative ability
+of the physician in charge. No detail of a well-managed hospital, from the
+record files and wheel stretchers to the hand-power washing machine, is
+neglected. Nevertheless the hospital is conducted with true economy. Dr.
+Stone defines economy as "the art which avoids all waste and extravagance
+and applies money to the best advantage. It is not economy to buy cheap
+furniture that has to be replaced all the time. It is poor economy to buy
+cheap food and let patients suffer for lack of nourishment.... It is poor
+economy to use cheap drugs and drug your patient's life out. It is poor
+economy to use wooden beds and have to patronize Standard Oil to keep them
+clean. It is also poor economy not to use sheets and thin quilts, instead
+of the heavy comfortables the Chinese have, just in order to save the heavy
+washing and disinfection. It is poor economy to have cheap servants who can
+do nothing. With trained workers to look after instruments, instead of
+having to depend on servants, I find instruments last longer." As a result,
+the universal testimony of those who visit the hospital is, "Dr. Stone has
+one of the finest hospitals we have ever seen."
+
+From the outset the doctor's ideal has been to make the medical work as
+largely self-supporting as possible. Of course many of those most in need
+of medical aid could pay nothing for it, nor for their medicines, nor even,
+if they were in-patients, for their food. Others, however, could pay
+something, and still others were able to pay in full. Soon after work in
+the Danforth Hospital was begun, Dr. Stone wrote: "Our ordinary charge for
+food is sixty cash a day or two dollars per month. For private rooms they
+pay ten to twenty dollars, according to the kind of room they have.
+Occasionally we meet some generous Chinese who give freely and thus help a
+great deal our poor patients, some of whom cannot even pay for their rice.
+For instance, one man has paid three hundred dollars this year for his
+wife, who is still here for treatment, and will probably give more when she
+is through. Another man has given one hundred and forty dollars for his
+wife's treatment. Last quarter we received over four hundred dollars, and
+this quarter over five hundred dollars here. We are getting to have more of
+the well-to-do patients."
+
+A letter written in 1905 tells of ways in which the Chinese assist the
+hospital financially: "It has been my privilege to minister unto many of
+this poor class of people with the fees I receive from the rich. So often I
+find in the morning I earn a good fee, and in the evening I spend it on a
+very poor case. Lately I have been sending a subscription book around. I
+first sent it to the highest official here, and it was immediately returned
+with fifty dollars. It encouraged me very much, for I know the work is
+approved of by the officials and the common people, and they are both
+helping all they can." Once she reported that at a time when the financial
+outlook was unusually discouraging, an unknown non-Christian Chinese sent a
+messenger several hundred _li_ with a gift of money to relieve the
+situation.
+
+Patients who cannot afford to pay anything, but who can use their hands,
+are given sewing to do, and in this way make some contribution toward the
+expenses of the work. The nurses, too, who have received training from the
+hospital, either give their services or the money which they receive from
+private cases. Thus, in various ways, many of the running expenses are met
+on the field, but as so much work is done for the poor, the physician's
+salary and the larger part of the equipment have come from friends in
+America.
+
+Even in the interior of China, and in the midst of the most active of
+lives, Dr. Stone has never ceased to be a student. Early in her work she
+wrote to a friend in America who was also a physician, "We feel that in
+order to keep up in our profession we need occasionally some of the latest
+works, especially since medical science is one of the most progressive of
+all." Subsequent letters are full of commissions such as, "I need an
+English and Latin dictionary very much in the work. Will you buy one--a
+good one--for me?" "Will you kindly buy Hyde's work on 'Venereal Diseases,'
+not on Skin, for I have that." Or "I should like very much to have a work
+on Hygiene. You know the Chinese have such primitive ideas on that subject,
+and if I can get a good standard book I can pick out and translate for the
+benefit of the people. Then if there is still anything left, I would like a
+small book on bandaging and massage, for I want to train new nurses.
+Occasionally, when you see something new and well-tested, such as articles
+you think will help my work, especially anything on tuberculosis, cholera,
+hydrophobia, etc., etc., just remember the back number in China, won't
+you?"
+
+With keen recognition of the inestimable value which her scientific study
+and training have been to her in her work, Dr. Stone has never failed to
+remember the great Source of motive and power, and has ever been eager to
+share with her patients the joy and peace of the Christian religion. Every
+morning she conducts a service in the hospital chapel for the employees of
+the hospital, and such of the patients as are able to attend. At the same
+time the nurses are holding a similar service in the ward upstairs. While
+the dispensary patients are waiting their turn in the examining room, one
+or more Bible women utilize the time by telling them the truths of
+Christianity. Dr. Stone's own mother has done such work for years, morning
+after morning, among her daughter's dispensary patients.
+
+One of the other missionaries at Kiukiang tells of going through the
+hospital one evening, as the nurses were getting the patients settled for
+the night. She noticed a low murmur which she did not at first understand,
+until she saw that at every bed someone was in prayer. Here a mother was
+kneeling by the side of her little suffering son; there another mother of
+high rank was praying that the life of the baby by whose crib she knelt
+might be spared to her. In one corner a woman had crept out of bed and was
+kneeling with her face to the floor; in other places those who were too
+sick to leave their beds were softly praying in them.
+
+The nurses are all Christian women, able to minister to the spiritual as
+well as the physical. Dr. Perkins says of them: "The nurses, too, are
+strongly evangelistic in their thought and effort, and even to one who
+could not understand the language, the atmosphere of Christian harmony and
+the remarkable lack of friction in a place so busy and so constantly full
+of problems, was very noticeable."
+
+One night Dr. Stone went into the room of a patient who had been greatly
+dreading a serious operation which she was to undergo the next day, to be
+greeted with a radiant face and the words, "Oh, doctor, I'm not afraid now
+of the operation. I've been talking to your God." Earlier in the evening
+one of the youngest of the nurses had found her crying bitterly and the old
+woman had told her: "I'm so afraid of the operation. You see the other
+woman you told me of was a Christian and of course your God helped her.
+I've never worshipped your God. I never knew of Him before and He may not
+help me." "Why, you needn't cry over that!" the little nurse assured her.
+"Our God doesn't blame you when no one had told you about Him. Now that you
+know, if you love Him and pray to Him, He will help you." Then she knelt
+down beside her and taught her how to pray to Him. After the operation was
+over and the patient, fully recovered, was going back to her village, she
+said to the doctor, "I am the first one in our village to hear of Jesus.
+Won't you come _soon_ to my people and tell them."
+
+Dr. Stone's letters and reports are full of accounts of the way in which,
+from the beginning, the work of the hospital has brought the knowledge of
+the Great Physician to those whose bodies had been so tenderly cared for by
+His followers that their hearts were very open. Whole families, sometimes
+almost entire communities, have become Christian as a result of the medical
+work. An interesting instance of the way in which the hospital's influence
+is spread by its patients is the case of a little girl, eight years old,
+who unbound her feet while in the hospital, and became so ardent an
+advocate of natural feet that after she had returned to the village in
+which she lived, she and her father succeeded in persuading three hundred
+families to pledge that their daughters should have natural feet.
+
+It is quite impossible to separate Dr. Stone's definitely religious work
+from her medical work; for while Sunday afternoons and the chapel hour in
+the morning are set aside by her for purely evangelistic work, her
+Christian faith permeates all that she does. In the first years of her
+practice she did some itinerating work, but now that the work is so large
+and she is the only physician in charge, she has had to give that up. The
+nurses, however, still carry it on. "You see, while I am practically tied
+to the place," writes the doctor, "it gives so much happiness to be able
+to send out workers like these and to spread our influence. As the nurses
+say, they will be able to send a lot of patients back to the hospital. You
+see the more work we have the merrier we are."
+
+Every time an evangelistic worker goes out on the district, one of the
+nurses accompanies her, and with ointments, simple medicines, bandages,
+vaccine, etc., treats several hundred patients in the country beyond the
+reach of physicians. At one time in the bitter cold weather of winter a
+message came from a distant village where smallpox was raging, asking that
+a nurse be sent to treat the sick people and vaccinate those who had not
+yet taken the disease. One woman in that village had once been at the
+hospital, and it was through her that the call came. One of the nurses at
+once volunteered to go, and with a Bible woman and a reliable man-servant
+she took the trip down the river, in a little sampan, to the smitten
+village. During four days she treated over one hundred patients not only in
+the village, but also in the region round about; for she and the Bible
+woman walked thirty _li_ every day to sufferers in the country. While the
+nurse worked, the Bible woman preached, and in this way hundreds of people
+heard of Christianity for the first time. As Dr. Stone says, "The cry now
+is not for open doors, for we have free entrance into the homes of the rich
+and poor. What we need now is an efficient force of trained evangelistic
+workers to ... follow up the seed thus sown broadcast on such receptive
+soil." This need the Training School for Bible Women is helping to meet.
+
+Mrs. Stephen Baldwin writing to Dr. Danforth said, "The Lord honoured your
+investment by placing in it one of the most wonderful doctors in all this
+world." But Dr. Stone is not only a physician, but an all-round woman. "She
+is equal to any sudden call to speak," said one who heard her often when
+she was in America. A report of the Missionary Conference at Kuling, China,
+states that "Dr. Stone's paper on 'Hospital Economics' was the finest
+feature of an attractive conference." At the request of this conference she
+prepared a leaflet on the diet suited to Chinese schoolgirls, and a few
+years ago wrote a very useful book on the subject: "Until the Doctor
+Comes."
+
+"I observed her in her home," writes a missionary who stopped at Kiukiang
+for a few days _en route_ to Peking, "a housewifely woman, thoughtful of
+every detail that might ensure a guest's comfort. In a single month
+recently she treated 1,995 women and children, yet she is not too busy to
+be a gracious hostess. Chinese ladies delight to visit her, and such is the
+influence of this modest woman that the Hsien's wife has unbound her feet."
+
+It may well be questioned, great as are Dr. Stone's achievements, which is
+of more value, the actual work she is doing, or the inspiration which her
+efficient, self-sacrificing Christian life is bringing to the awakened
+womanhood of the new China. The words of Miss Howe regarding Dr. Stone and
+Dr. Kahn indicate their influence: "They seem to be an inspiration to the
+girls and women of all classes. When our schoolgirls learn of anything 'the
+doctors' did when they were pupils, they seem to think they have found
+solid ground on which to set their feet." A letter from another
+fellow-worker stated that Dr. Stone was to give the address at the
+graduation exercises of the class of 1909 of the Nanking Normal School for
+Women at which the viceroy and "other notables of China" were to be
+present. Dr. Stone was greatly touched when the daughter-in-law of a
+viceroy once said to her that she would gladly give up all her servants,
+her beautiful clothes, her jewels, even her position, if she could lead a
+useful life like hers, instead of making one of the many puppets in the
+long court ceremonies, with nothing to think of except her appearance, and
+nothing to do but kill time.
+
+It is a great joy to the doctor to have a part in bringing about a
+realization of the achievements of which Chinese women are capable, and she
+has been willing to make any sacrifice necessary to do this. Soon after Dr.
+Kahn's transfer to Nanchang had left her with almost double work, Dr.
+Danforth wrote that he had found a nurse in one of the Chicago hospitals
+who was willing to go to China, and asked Dr. Stone what she would think of
+having her come to the Danforth Hospital. Dr. Stone replied that while she
+would take her if Dr. Danforth wished, she would really rather not, on the
+whole. Personally, she said, she would have been very glad to have her
+come, but she was eager that her work should accomplish two things which it
+could accomplish only if it were purely Chinese: first, that it should
+convince the Chinese women themselves that they are able to do things of
+which they have never dreamed; and, second, that it should show the people
+of other nations that the only reason why Chinese women have for centuries
+lived such narrow lives is that they have not had opportunity to develop
+their native powers. She feared that if an American nurse came to the
+hospital it would look as if the purely Chinese work had failed, and that
+it had been necessary to call in help from America.
+
+Accordingly, although Dr. Stone has sometimes been forced to admit that her
+work has been so heavy as to tax both heart and strength to the utmost, she
+has carried it all these years with no help, except from the nurses she has
+trained. She has counted no task too hard, no labour too constant, if she
+may thereby benefit her countrywomen physically, intellectually, or
+spiritually. "She does not spare herself," one of her friends writes, "she
+seems unable to do so, and is too tender-hearted to turn the suffering away
+for her own need."
+
+The past year has brought peculiar burdens to the doctor. She carried on
+her regular hospital work as usual, until the disturbances caused by the
+Revolution came so near that all the women and children in the schools and
+hospital were ordered into the foreign concession. This order came at
+night, and by two o'clock the next morning not a patient was left in the
+hospital.
+
+Dr. Stone turned over the hospital to the revolutionary leaders, and each
+day she and her trained nurses cared for the injured soldiers sheltered in
+it. The leaders of the Revolution urged her to wear the white badge which
+was their emblem, but she told them that while her sympathies were with
+them, as a Red Cross physician she must remain neutral, that she might be
+able to render assistance to the wounded on both sides. Her explanation was
+courteously accepted, and an armed guard was furnished to escort her to and
+from the hospital each morning and evening.
+
+When the Manchu governor of Nanchang was captured he was taken to Kiukiang,
+where, in chagrin at his imprisonment, he attempted suicide. Deserted by
+his servants and soldiers, he would have died alone and uncared for had it
+not been for Dr. Stone, for no one else dared to go near him. Dr. Stone and
+two of her nurses cared for him until the death which they could not
+prevent, but which they made far easier than it would otherwise have been.
+It was this same governor who, but a few months before, had refused Dr.
+Stone the rights of Chinese citizenship because, in purchasing land for a
+men's hospital at Kiukiang, she was buying property for foreigners.
+
+When the leaders of the revolutionary party learned that their prisoner
+had committed suicide they were greatly disturbed. None of them dared to
+carry the news to General Ma, lest, in accordance with an old Oriental
+custom, he should punish the bearer of ill tidings. In their perplexity
+they went to Dr. Stone and asked her to take the news to the general.
+Accordingly the little doctor, accompanied only by one of her nurses, went
+to the general's headquarters to break the news to him. It is significant,
+not only of the universal respect accorded the doctor, but also of the new
+position accorded woman in China, that these women, who ventured unattended
+into a soldiers' camp, were received with every courtesy. General Ma asked
+the doctor many questions about her work, and at the close of their
+interview exclaimed, "When things are settled once more, I intend to find
+support for such a work; the Chinese ought to help it."
+
+Because of the disturbances caused by the Revolution, many students in the
+Kiukiang schools returned to their homes. The family of one young woman
+insisted that she make use of this enforced vacation to become married to
+the young Chinese to whom she had long been engaged. The marriage was
+unwelcome to her, for she was a Christian and the man was not, but as she
+was the only Christian in her family she received no sympathy from them,
+and the wedding was set for Christmas day. The parents, however, yielded to
+their daughter's earnest desire for a Christian ceremony, and her brother
+was dispatched to Kiukiang to seek Dr. Stone, who had been eminently
+successful in all kinds of operations and might surely be relied upon to
+tie a satisfactory marriage knot. Dr. Stone accordingly left all her
+Christmas engagements, and accompanied by a Chinese pastor and one of her
+nurses, set out, through a heavy snow storm, for the girl's home. When the
+wedding guests were all assembled, Dr. Stone said that she would like to
+say a few words before the ceremony took place, and for an hour and a half
+she told her hearers of the Christian good tidings. The result was that
+when the wedding was over the mother and father of the bride brought their
+idols to her, and allowed their daughter to apply the match to them, for
+both had determined to become Christians. The father said that he wished
+other people to hear the good things Dr. Stone had told them, and would
+give the land for a Christian school. The bridegroom volunteered to do the
+carpenter work which would be necessary before a school could be opened,
+and now the young wife is teaching a group of children who have entered
+this new Christian school, and in the new home husband and wife daily unite
+in morning prayers.
+
+After the Revolution was practically over, but conditions were still so
+unsettled as to make it unwise to reopen the hospital, Dr. Stone and
+several of her nurses made a trip to a number of towns in the region around
+Kiukiang. In a recent letter Dr. Stone tells of being given a piece of land
+by the influential people in one of these towns, with the earnest entreaty
+that she leave a nurse there to carry on a permanent medical work. She
+could make them no definite promise, but is hoping that friends in America
+will make it financially possible to support a nurse and dispensary where
+they are so greatly needed.
+
+Truly the Chinese women are blessed in having so perfect an embodiment of
+the ideal woman of the great new China in this unassuming physician, whom a
+friend who has known her from babyhood declares to have the most perfect
+Christian character of any one she knows. After his visit in Kiukiang, Dr.
+Perkins exclaimed: "Such a wonderful woman as Dr. Mary Stone is! I do not
+know of any good quality she does not possess"; and one who has had an
+intimate acquaintance with the college women of America says: "What a
+marvel Dr. Stone is! To me she is unexcelled in charm, in singleness of
+purpose, and all-round efficiency, by any other woman I have ever known."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+YU KULIANG
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: Yu Kuliang]
+
+
+
+
+YU KULIANG
+
+
+The same year that little Mary Stone first saw the light, on almost the
+same day, in another part of the same city, another little girl was born, a
+member of the same proud old family whose line runs back so many years into
+Chinese antiquity. Unlike Mary Stone, she was not born into a Christian
+home, but it was a home where the parents truly loved each other, and one
+in which she might have spent a very happy childhood, had not the young
+father died while she was still a baby.
+
+The mother, broken-hearted over her husband's death, decided to become a
+Taoist nun and devote the remainder of her life to the search for truth.
+With her baby she shut herself up in a little hut outside of the city,
+seeing no one, and giving her whole time to the care of the child and her
+efforts to find truth. The members of her family, which is one of the
+wealthiest and most aristocratic in Kiukiang, were greatly pleased with
+what they considered an eminently virtuous resolve for a young widow to
+make, and applied to the Emperor for his approval of the course she had
+decided to follow. This being heartily given, they built a very comfortable
+home for her on the outskirts of Kiukiang. The building was christened
+Purity Hall, and over its gateway were placed large placards announcing the
+imperial sanction of the life which the young widow had chosen for herself
+and her child.
+
+Here the little girl grew to womanhood, knowing no companionship except
+that of her mother and her teachers. Her mother employed the best possible
+Chinese teachers for her, and she early learned to read the books of the
+three religions of China, that she might join her mother in her pursuit of
+truth. She seldom left the house, and no one but her teachers ever entered
+it, but day after day she pored over the books on Taoism, Buddhism, and
+Confucianism until she had read them all. She, too, became a Taoist nun,
+but continued in the worship and study of Buddhism and Confucianism also,
+determined to find the _true_ religion.
+
+She even surpassed her mother in the ardour of her search for truth, for
+she spent twelve entire years, in periods of three years each, in one room
+of the house, living in the most absolute seclusion, not seeing her
+mother, speaking to no one, and hearing no voice, for three years at a
+time. After such a vigil she came out into the rest of the house for a
+year, then went back for another three years of solitude. In one corner of
+this room were the shrine and the altar before which Yu Kuliang knelt hour
+after hour during the years of her long vigil, and the idols, large and
+small, of wood and stone, which were her only companions. She always kept
+three sticks of incense burning before the shrine, one for each religion,
+that she might be sure not to make a mistake. In the ardour of her devotion
+she even made offerings of pieces of her own flesh to the idols. Her whole
+body, even her face, was covered with the ugly round scars caused by this
+self-mutilation.
+
+When Yu Kuliang was a woman of thirty-two she learned that the Stones were
+her cousins, and of her own accord went to call on them. Thereafter the
+doors of "Purity Hall," so long fast closed to all, were thrown open to the
+Stone family. Yu Kuliang and her cousin Dr. Mary Stone, born at almost the
+same time, living, and having always lived, lives as totally different as
+two lives could be, became fast friends. To Dr. Stone, Yu Kuliang frankly
+confessed that an entire life spent in seeking truth had not brought her
+success. She was very willing to listen to all that Dr. Stone had to tell
+her of the truth which she had found, and finally even succeeded in
+summoning up sufficient courage to attend the Sunday morning church
+service. Her years of seclusion had made her so timid, and so afraid of
+mingling among people, however, that the first time she came to the church
+she disguised herself in the garb of a Chinese man. Dr. Stone gave her a
+Bible and she began the study of it at once, with the same earnestness and
+determination to find truth that she had shown in her study of the books of
+the Chinese religion.
+
+After she had once gained courage to attend the church service she came
+frequently, no longer in man's clothes, nor in the coarse, grey cotton
+costume of the Taoist nun, which she discarded soon after knowing Dr.
+Stone, but in the ordinary dress of the Chinese woman. She became a
+frequent visitor to the hospital, too, where she loved to follow Dr. Stone
+from ward to ward, or to sit beside her in the dispensary as she cared for
+the suffering women and children who flocked there daily.
+
+Finally Dr. Stone invited her to come to her for a week's visit, hardly
+daring to hope that she would do so; for she had never, since entering
+"Purity Hall" as a baby, spent a night outside of it. But she consented,
+and gladly drank in all that Dr. Stone and the doctor's mother told her of
+the truth which she had so long sought. One day soon after she had gone
+home, when Dr. Stone was calling on her and her mother, the mother drew Dr.
+Stone aside and said, "Since my daughter came back from your house she
+hasn't been upstairs to see the idols once." After years of ceaseless
+devotion to them, Yu Kuliang had forsaken her idols, and was turning toward
+the living God. Soon afterward, when it was necessary for Dr. Stone to go
+to America for an operation, and for Miss Hughes, who was in charge of the
+Bible Woman's Training School, to accompany her, Yu Kuliang came and asked
+that she might enter the school when Miss Hughes returned from America. But
+when Dr. Stone and Miss Hughes returned to China, they found Yu Kuliang
+suffering from tuberculosis. The long years of self-inflicted imprisonment
+had left her with no vitality to resist, and the disease was making rapid
+progress.
+
+Soon after the doctor's return, Yu Kuliang's mother went away for a visit
+of some days. One afternoon during her absence, when Dr. Stone and Miss
+Hughes were calling on Yu Kuliang, she told them that she was studying the
+Bible, and trying to pray, and added: "I never go near the idols any more.
+They are all upstairs in my old cell." Dr. Stone at once said: "If you no
+longer believe in the idols, get rid of them. Give them to us." Yu Kuliang
+assented immediately, saying, "Take them if you want to," and went upstairs
+with Dr. Stone to get them. They brought down a Buddha and a goddess of
+mercy, which, after a few moments of further talk and prayer, Dr. Stone and
+Miss Hughes took away with them, Yu Kuliang watching them without a murmur.
+
+The next day Dr. Stone and her mother went to see Yu Kuliang again, and
+with her consent and approval chopped to pieces a huge wooden idol, which
+was too large to carry away. When they were wondering what they should do
+with the stump of the body, Yu Kuliang exclaimed, "Throw the horrid thing
+into the ditch!" Thus passed out of her life the idols to which she had
+prayed for hours at a time, before which she had burned numberless sticks
+of incense, beside which she had lived and slept, and which she had made
+her most constant companions all the years of her life. The old temple
+bell, which had for years been used to call the gods from sleep, was given
+to Dr. Stone on the same day.
+
+But when Yu Kuliang's mother returned she was furiously angry--not at the
+daughter to whom she was devoted, but at those who had turned her away from
+her idols. Dr. Stone took the old woman's hands in hers and pleaded with
+her: "You know your daughter does not believe in idols, you know the misery
+of her life, you know how she longs for peace; and as long as you harbour
+the idols in your home, Jesus cannot come into her heart and dwell there."
+The old woman at once broke out, in the tones of one taking the part of an
+injured friend, "But if your God is such a mighty one, and has the tens of
+thousands of followers you tell us He has, why should He be jealous of our
+poor little idols and those who worship them?"
+
+Dr. Stone did not interrupt the tirade which was now poured forth, but
+picked up a piece of wood and a pebble from the floor, and when the old
+woman waited for her to answer, quietly replied to the pebble and bit of
+wood in her hand. Finally the woman said, "Why don't you answer me? You
+have come to see me, and perhaps I have been rude, but you are my relative
+and I want to be friends with you." Still Dr. Stone did not answer, but
+went on talking to the stone and wood, until the old woman lost patience
+and exclaimed, "What nonsense is this!"
+
+Then Dr. Stone put her arm around her and answered, "If you think it is
+nonsense for me to talk to the stone and wood in your house, instead of
+giving you attention, how do you think the Heavenly Father feels,--the one
+who created you, the one who is your Father--when you satisfy yourself with
+images of wood and stone instead of giving that love and devotion to Him?"
+Before Dr. Stone left the young women knelt in prayer, but the mother would
+not join them.
+
+Later, with her mother's consent, Yu Kuliang went to the hospital, and
+there spent four of the ten last days of her life, in the companionship of
+her cousin. Dr. Stone gave her every minute that could be spared from her
+hospital duties, telling her of the glad new life which she was soon to
+enter, and praying with her. Many times Yu Kuliang tried to leave the bed
+to kneel with Dr. Stone, but the doctor explained to her that her prayers
+were just as acceptable where she was, and that she was too weak to kneel.
+"Those four days in the hospital with cousin were the happiest in my life,"
+she told her mother when she returned to her home.
+
+When she knew that she could not get well she insisted, weak as she was,
+upon being dressed and having her photograph taken, for all the photographs
+which she had had before were in the dress of the Taoist nun, and she
+wanted to have one taken after she had become a Christian.
+
+Just before her death she said to her mother, "Mother, there is nothing in
+this life of ours, nothing! We were all wrong. I'm so glad it is over and
+now I am not at all afraid, for I am going to that beautiful place." And
+then, her lifelong quest at length crowned with success, she went to behold
+the face of Him who is the Truth.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ANNA STONE
+
+  I. EAGER FOR EDUCATION
+
+ II. AMONG HER OWN PEOPLE
+
+III. THE POWER OF AN ENDLESS LIFE
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: Anna Stone]
+
+
+
+
+ANNA STONE
+
+I
+
+EAGER FOR EDUCATION
+
+
+"God knew where to send girls; He knew who would be good to them," Mrs.
+Stone assured the neighbours who had come to condole with her on the birth
+of a second daughter, and to remind her that "ten queenly daughters are not
+worth as much as one son with a limp." Years before, when the baby's
+father, one of the literati, had lost all his property in the Tai Ping
+Rebellion, he had adopted the profession of teaching Chinese to the
+missionaries, as the only dignified means by which one of his rank and
+learning could earn a living. While he taught them Chinese characters, they
+taught him about Christianity, and it was not long before he was in charge
+of a Christian chapel in Kiukiang. So when this little daughter was born,
+she was given the good old Bible name of Anna, and great plans were laid
+for her future. While she was still a tiny baby her mother carried her to
+the missionary in charge of the girls' boarding school, one of those to
+whom her father had taught the Chinese language years before, and said to
+her, "As soon as this baby is old enough, I want you to take her and train
+her for Christian work."
+
+If she was to fulfil her mother's ambition for her Anna must of course
+receive an education, although a girl who could read or write even the
+simplest sentence was then almost unknown in China. But Mrs. Stone knew
+well that the more education Anna had, the more efficient a worker she
+would be. She herself had never been taught at all, and after she had
+become a Christian and was eager to tell other women of the good news which
+she had learned, she had found herself sadly hampered because she could not
+read the Bible. It was not so difficult when her husband was at home to
+read it for her; but while he was away on his preaching tours, she had lost
+many opportunities of teaching Christianity to the women who came to see
+her, because of her inability to read the Book which told of the great new
+truth she had learned. So, busy as she was with her babies and her
+household cares, she determined to learn to read, and asked her husband to
+teach her.
+
+Pastor Stone, however, had still something to learn. He did not believe
+that it was possible for the feminine mind, especially that of a woman
+grown, to learn the difficult Chinese characters; and he told his wife
+that, in his opinion, it was not worth while for her to attempt it. If
+Mother Stone was discouraged she did not show it. Every night after the
+rest of the family were asleep she set a candle beside her bed and studied
+characters diligently. Whenever Pastor Stone woke up for a moment, or
+turned over in bed, he would receive a gentle nudge and Mother Stone would
+delightedly exclaim, "Oh, father, won't you please tell me what this
+character is?" He soon decided to teach her in orthodox fashion, and she
+proved to be such an apt pupil that it was not long before she was in
+charge of a little day school for girls.
+
+Anna received much of her early education from her mother, and for a time
+she and her older sister Mary went to school with their brother. Girls at
+school were decidedly a novelty, and the visiting mandarin opened his eyes
+in amazement. "Can _girls_ learn anything?" he demanded of the teacher, who
+was forced to admit that they learned as fast as the boys, and sometimes a
+little faster. When a little older, Anna became a member of the Kiukiang
+Boarding School for girls, where she proved to be a diligent and quick
+pupil. During this time her sister Mary went to America to take her medical
+course, and down in her heart Anna cherished a secret hope that when she
+had completed her high school work she, too, might go to that wonderful
+Christian country from which her missionary teachers had come and in which
+her sister was receiving the training which would fit her for such large
+service among her countrywomen. She said very little about this hope to any
+one, but she and her friend I-lien Tang, who was also eager to go to
+America, determined to pray about it, and to study so faithfully that if
+the way should ever open for them to go, they would be ready. Accordingly
+they completed the high school course in Chinese, and studied English and
+Latin in addition.
+
+In 1898 Bishop Joyce, of the Methodist Church, and his wife took a trip to
+the Orient to visit the mission stations. While in Kiukiang they became so
+much interested in the two girls, Anna Stone and I-lien Tang, that they
+offered to take them back to America with them. The autumn of 1898
+therefore found Anna in America, the country of her dreams, and a student
+in Hamline University. She entered into her college work with much
+enthusiasm and made excellent progress in it. She was not strong, however,
+and was so far from well at the end of the year that it seemed best for her
+to relinquish her plan of following in her sister's footsteps by taking a
+medical course. She therefore planned to fit herself for some other form of
+service which would involve less physical strain, and left Hamline, after
+having been there only one year. But she left behind her many warm friends
+among the students, some of whom had become Christians as a result of the
+consistent and beautiful Christian life of this young Chinese girl.
+
+The next autumn Anna entered Folts Mission Institute, where arrangements
+were made for her to take the two years' Bible course in three years, in
+the hope that she might thus regain her health. Her teachers testify that
+she was a brilliant student, and that her English was so perfect that one
+who heard her, without seeing her, would never have known that she was a
+foreigner. When one of them once asked her how it was that she had such a
+correct pronunciation, she said that when she was in Kiukiang Boarding
+School she used to watch the lips of the missionaries when they were
+speaking English, in order to see just how the words were formed.
+
+Her use of words, too, was almost as accurate as her enunciation of them,
+although occasionally the intricacies of the English language proved
+somewhat mystifying. For example, when she was at her doctor's office one
+day he asked if he had given her any medicine when she was there before.
+
+"No, doctor, you gave me a proscription," she answered. The doctor's smile
+showed her that she had made a mistake, and as soon as they were outside
+she asked the teacher who was with her what she ought to have said.
+
+"_Pre_scription, _pre_scription," she repeated. "I must remember that. What
+was it we had in church last Sunday? Was that a prescription or a
+proscription?"
+
+"That was a subscription," the teacher told her.
+
+"Oh, yes, a subscription. But what did you call the writing on the stones
+in the graveyard? Was that a prescription or a subscription?"
+
+"That was an inscription," was the answer, and perhaps it is small wonder
+that Anna exclaimed in despair, "Oh, this terrible English! Can I ever get
+it!"
+
+On the whole, however, she was very much at home with the English language.
+One morning as she was going down to breakfast some one asked, "How is our
+little China girl this morning?" "Neither cracked nor broken!" was her
+instant response.
+
+During all her stay in America she was in great demand as a speaker, and
+did as much of this work as her health permitted, always giving her message
+in English, and everywhere winning friends for herself and her loved
+people. "Those who have watched her as she held the attention of large
+audiences with the simple story of her own people, will not soon forget the
+modest, unassuming girl who touched their lives for a brief hour," says one
+who heard her often.
+
+When she entered Folts Institute it was thought that it would be a good
+thing for her to take vocal lessons to strengthen her throat and lungs.
+This training was given simply for the sake of her health, and with no
+expectation that she would ever sing in public, but it soon became evident
+that she had musical ability of no small degree. Her voice was very sweet,
+and had such a power to capture the hearts of her hearers that she was
+given the title of the "Sweet Singer," and was in great demand for meetings
+large and small. The whole energy of her life was so given to her Master
+that this newly discovered gift was at once consecrated wholly to His
+service. "You may think me narrow," she said earnestly, when her teacher
+proposed that she should study some nature songs, "but I feel that I must
+be the girl of one song." And into the one song, the Christian hymn, she
+put her whole soul, as any who heard her sing, "I love to tell the story,"
+"Faith of our fathers," or the one that she perhaps sang most often, "Saved
+by Grace," will testify.
+
+"I can hear her still as she sang 'Saved by Grace' to the large audience of
+the General Executive in 1902," wrote one, several years later. "She put
+such fulness of meaning and power into this simple song. It was a part of
+her own experience." Another said, "I heard her sing 'I love to tell the
+story' to an audience of over five hundred college girls at the student
+conference of the Young Women's Christian Association at Silver Bay, and
+the effect was wonderful."
+
+It had been the thought of the principal of Folts Institute that the cost
+of Anna's musical education should be defrayed by gifts from friends who
+were interested in her and her work. But after one spring vacation, when
+Anna had been addressing several meetings and had been given quite a little
+money, she went to the principal's office and turned over the entire amount
+which she had received. "But this is twice as much as your lessons for the
+year will cost, Anna," the principal told her, and started to hand back
+half of it. But Anna would not take it, and insisted that it be used to pay
+for the piano lessons of another Chinese student at the Institute. "I don't
+want ---- to get into debt," she said.
+
+While studying at Folts Institute Anna's first great sorrow came to her in
+the death of her father. They had always been comrades, and she had often
+accompanied him on his preaching tours into the country. It was on one of
+these tours, made during the time of the Boxer uprising, that Pastor Stone
+received the injuries at the hands of a mob which were probably the cause
+of his death. The news was a great blow to Anna, but she bore it quietly
+and bravely, and when a few days later it was her turn to lead the
+students' prayer meeting, she chose "Heaven" for her topic. "Before I came
+to your country, I used to think it was heaven," she said; "but now I am so
+glad it isn't, for then they might try to keep father out, and now I know
+he is inside."
+
+She completed her course at Folts Institute in 1902, and as she seemed in
+good health, entered Central Wesleyan College for further training. But her
+zeal for her work always led her to overestimate her own strength, and her
+patience in suffering and desire not to cause any one any trouble, made it
+hard for others to know the true state of her health. One of her teachers
+at Folts says that Anna would often be ill for days before any one would
+have any knowledge of it, so uncomplaining was she. This teacher tells how
+at one time, when Anna finally had to give up, the tears rolled down the
+cheeks of the girl who bore pain so bravely that it was unsuspected even by
+those who were watching her carefully, at the thought that the friend to
+whom she gave both the century-old reverence of the Chinese for a teacher
+and the warm love of her grateful heart, should have to minister to her
+needs. It was found, after she had been at the Central Wesleyan College for
+a few months, that courageous as she was, her strength was not sufficient
+to enable her to go on with her studies.
+
+She spent the rest of the year in Minneapolis in the home of her good
+friends, Bishop and Mrs. Joyce. She was never content to be idle, and after
+a few months of rest she gave several addresses in the churches of
+Minnesota and North Dakota, awakening interest in the cause she represented
+wherever she went. She so won the hearts of the young people that when she
+went back to China it was as the representative of the young women who
+formed the Standard Bearer Society of the Minneapolis branch of the Woman's
+Foreign Missionary Society.
+
+In the summer of 1903 a specialist pronounced her to be suffering from
+tuberculosis, and the next winter was spent in southern California in the
+hope that in that favourable climate she might be cured. Even here her
+eagerness to serve her people led her to do as much speaking as her
+physician would permit. But she was anxious to get to the work for which
+these years of preparation had been spent, and with hopeful and eager
+expectation she sailed for China on the S.S. _Siberia_, June 11, 1904.
+
+
+
+
+II
+
+AMONG HER OWN PEOPLE
+
+
+On her return to her own country, Anna began her work with great
+enthusiasm. The spirit with which she entered into it is shown in her
+report of the first year's work: "After six years of special preparation,
+for which I feel greatly indebted to my Master, it is a happy privilege to
+do what may be in my power to show Him my gratitude. The blessings I
+received from the hands of those who gave cheerfully for His sake, I will
+endeavour to pass on to others. During those years of absorption in study
+there were times when I was anxious for others to share with me the joy
+which comes from the Christian faith, but the real opportunity did not
+appear until last July when I returned to my home land. With gladness and
+thanksgiving I entered into the work already well and carefully organized
+by my senior missionaries."
+
+The evangelistic work for women, of which she was put in charge, offered a
+large and varied field for service. "The success which my sister has had
+in her profession gives me easy access to many classes of our people," she
+reported soon after her return. Among the hospital and dispensary patients
+she found one of her greatest opportunities. She was not only able to reach
+those who came for treatment, but through them she had access to their
+homes, and spent a large part of her time in visiting among them and in
+entertaining guests in her own home. "Many know of the hospital and of the
+lady physician, and come to see the work, and daily we cordially welcome
+such guests into our home," a letter reads. "There are times when I walk
+with my sister on the street, and the ladies call the doctor in. Thus I
+gain access to friendly homes."
+
+She was untiring in her efforts to fit herself to make use of every
+opportunity which presented itself, never regarding her preparation for
+service as completed, but always eager to learn any new thing which would
+help her. A letter written soon after beginning her work tells of one of
+the means by which she sought to increase her usefulness: "I think it is
+imperative for me to study something more of the Chinese classics. The
+little knowledge I have, God has helped me to use for His glory, and a
+knowledge of the classical sayings will enable me at least to approach the
+educated classes on a common ground, and to induce them to see that which
+they know not, from that which they do know."
+
+During her first year of work she had four Bible women associated with her
+who went out with her daily, conducting meetings for women in the two
+chapels which were under her direction, visiting in the homes, or talking
+to patients in the dispensary waiting room. One of her early letters reads:
+"I felt that these Bible women needed special hours for prayer and Bible
+study, in order to give out the Bread of Life to others. So arrangements
+were made to have at least two hours of study every Monday morning, and we
+have prayer together before planning to carry out the Lord's will in the
+week's work."
+
+In addition to this work she was given oversight of the two day schools for
+girls in Kiukiang. Of them she reported: "The teachers are trying to do
+their best, but many times I have wished that we could secure better
+educated women and have our day school standard advanced. The girls who can
+afford to go to school don't care to study the old Chinese books which
+these women are prepared to teach, so the better classes are not being
+touched by the Christian teachers. Those who have nothing special for the
+girls to do let them go to while away the time; then when tea picking time
+comes they leave the school. All can see that such work cannot be of any
+great value."
+
+Conditions of this sort were discouraging indeed, but she met the situation
+with characteristic courage, and added to her other duties the task of
+teaching a little music and English in these schools. The introduction of
+these subjects proved to be very successful in reviving the pupils'
+flagging interest. "The girls are more interested just now," a letter says,
+"because they have once a week a lesson in singing; formerly it was given
+on Saturday in our home, but experience soon taught me that this was an
+impossibility on account of the continuous callers and disturbances. I go
+now to each school once a week and teach them there. They also have a
+lesson in English during the week. It seems so strange to me that all
+people, old and young, male and female, are seeking a knowledge of
+English."
+
+She was quick to see, however, that the only permanently successful
+solution of the day school problem was in well-trained teachers. Her great
+desire was for "the day when day school teachers should be better qualified
+for their work, that they might draw pupils to school by their own
+knowledge." In the meantime she did all she could to add to the efficiency
+of the teachers she had. One of her letters tells of her efforts to help
+one of her discouraged assistants: "One of the teachers is very anxious and
+feels that she cannot teach the school. She spoke to me several times of
+her inability to keep the pupils' attention because of her own lack of
+knowledge. As we have no trained teachers to take her place I cannot spare
+her. Though she has not a good head she has a good Christian heart, so for
+the good of the school I have to keep her and give her a few lessons each
+week. It is doing her good and helping her to teach better."
+
+Again she reported the following year, "A special effort was made to throw
+away the old, parrot-like way of learning. As the teachers needed
+instruction as well as the pupils, sometimes, the text-books were taken
+away. The teachers were required to tell a story every day; and with the
+story a verse of the Scriptures, meant for a peg on which to hang the tale,
+was committed to memory by the girls. The teacher would write six easy
+characters each afternoon on the blackboard for the girls to copy before
+going home. Thus the girls learned how to listen, to memorize, and to
+write. Since the number of girls increases perceptibly when we have a
+little English I use it as a bait. By Miss Merrill's consent, help was
+secured from the boarding-school in teaching half an hour of English every
+day in the two city schools."
+
+In December of 1904, at the annual meeting of the Central China Methodist
+Mission, Miss Stone was given the entire charge of the Bible Women's
+Training School. A letter to a friend shows the keen delight with which she
+entered upon this new work: "I am enjoying the work very much," she wrote.
+"It seems so strange to me that these women are like my old friends. They
+are free and at home with me, and I can say already that I love them.... I
+wish you could be here just to look at them and see how willing they are to
+be taught." It was her desire to live in the school that she might share
+the life of the women outside of class hours, but after a few days' trial
+this proved too wearing, and the doctor insisted upon her giving it up,
+greatly to her own disappointment and that of the women.
+
+She was very eager that these women, all of whom were from families of
+small means, and were supported by scholarships while at the school, should
+do something towards meeting at least a part of their expenses. A few
+months after she had taken charge of the work she joyfully wrote Mrs.
+Joyce:
+
+    "An industrial department is actually started, and we have found it
+    helpful to a great many. We are not attempting fancy things, but we
+    strive to make useful articles and things that we use ourselves, or
+    for sale. So far we have made only babies' shoes, which we sold to
+    foreigners living at Kuling, and some hemstitched handkerchiefs,
+    and some plain knitting. Each one of them is given fifty cash a
+    month for spending money, and it will leave a good balance for the
+    school. They work from three to five P.M., so their studies are not
+    neglected thereby. This work means also a livelihood to a poor old
+    lady.... She was in the hospital for over three years, living on
+    the charity money the doctor earned. I felt that she could be more
+    useful and happy by teaching sewing, since she is a beautiful
+    needle worker, so the school boards her and gets her teaching for
+    the women. I have been quite happy in this work, because I feel the
+    women are learning self-respect and to look upon manual labour as
+    something honourable. I have a chance to tell them about the
+    American ideas, how American people despise begging but would work
+    with pride in any position, for an honest living."
+
+In the growth of the women she found her greatest joy. "The women are
+learning," she said in the same letter, "and I feel that God is making
+them zealous for the souls of others. I watch anxiously for improvements in
+their characters and two or three of them give me secret pleasure by their
+signs of unselfishness and spiritual growth."
+
+Another letter to Mrs. Joyce tells of the way in which the members of the
+Training School were given practical work in connection with their studies:
+"Every day I call upon the farther advanced pupils to work. Two go out with
+the girls to teach in the two day schools of the city, the other two take
+charge of the industrial work. So every afternoon they have two hours of
+work to do. On Sunday I send them to the two chapels in the morning and I
+go with the first two one week and with the other two the next week. On
+every Tuesday I send out all women except three, at three o'clock, to
+invite our neighbours to our class-meeting. The three who stay at home are
+to entertain those who come. Every Tuesday we get from twenty to forty
+outsiders to listen to the gospel. Yesterday afternoon several pupils told
+the guests how they learned to know the loving Father." One of her former
+teachers at Folts Institute, who visited her at this time, wrote that she
+knew not which to admire more, "the whole-souled devotion of the teacher,
+or that of the women students."
+
+Miss Stone's health did not permit her to do as much itinerant work as she
+desired, but in the summer of 1905, during the vacation of the Bible
+Women's Training School, she made a trip of some weeks, visiting every
+station in the district. Itinerating in China is a process worthy of its
+name, as all bedding, food, and housekeeping materials must be carried
+along. But Anna was feeling well, and the very day after the work of the
+Training School closed she and her mother set out. At every city she
+reported that they "had a very good opportunity to work among the women,"
+or that "many women showed a great interest in listening." Her father had
+been the first Christian preacher at one place which they visited, and had
+worked there for many years; another city was that in which the Stone's old
+family homestead was located, so she and her mother were sure of a welcome.
+"We had hardly any time to ourselves," she wrote. "So many people came to
+see us, and mistook me for my sister. Mother welcomed all callers and
+talked with them most of the time. Among these there were people from the
+opposite village who came over to destroy our house in 1900. I think they
+are quite ashamed of the act now."
+
+Busy as she was, meeting and talking to the people who everywhere came to
+greet her and her mother, Anna's mind was not so wholly occupied with the
+present that she was oblivious to the future. On her return she made
+several valuable suggestions for the development of the work in the various
+places, such as that the chapel in one city be moved to a more central
+location, that a vacant piece of property belonging to the mission would be
+an excellent site for a day school for girls, etc. "There ought to be a
+school in Whang Mai as a centre for women to work in," her report reads.
+"There are many women in that city who are friendly to the church.... When
+my parents were there there were quite a few women as members of the
+church, but now they don't come to church, because there is no woman to
+talk to them." She summed up the impressions of her trip in the words, "The
+trip opened my eyes to the fact that the harvest is 'truly plenteous' and
+the labourers are sadly few." At the same time her faith added, "But I am
+so glad to know that my Master is before us who are few in number."
+
+
+
+
+III
+
+THE POWER OF AN ENDLESS LIFE
+
+
+It is not surprising that with all her interests Anna Stone longed to live
+and make use of the unusual opportunities which she had received. "If God
+is willing I hope to work many years yet for Him," she wrote Mrs. Joyce
+after she had been back in China a few months; and at the end of her second
+year's work she said: "There are many things for which I am very thankful
+in the past year, but perhaps the greatest was the joy in knowing that my
+Heavenly Father has really allowed me a share of work.... I don't remember
+that there were many days of work neglected because of ill health."
+
+It was indeed remarkable that she was able to do as much as she did. One
+who saw her in her work writes of the untiring enthusiasm and activity with
+which she gave herself to it: "Her work was her very life. She talked to me
+of her plans for the woman's school, and of her great desire to see a
+revival here in the schools. I am sure you know of her work last summer
+when the missionaries were all away--how, feeling that it was a mistake
+that the native Christians should be without the helps of divine worship
+and the weekly prayer meeting, she, with her sister's help, opened the
+church and held services all through the hot summer, _doing the preaching
+herself_ and thus holding the people together. I never met any one at home
+or here whose whole soul was more on fire with a burning desire to win
+souls than was Anna Stone's, and I have met a large number of prominent
+workers in my work at home. She undoubtedly realized that her time was very
+short and she must work all the time while she had strength. Her work was
+not only in the school ... but she was at work in the day schools and
+boarding schools, in the church, in the league, in the visitation, in the
+hospital--everywhere where her life was able to touch others; and one felt
+the influence of the Holy Spirit whenever in merest conversation with the
+girl. That happy smile and merry laugh that so won the hearts of the people
+at home were bestowed upon every one here, and I do not wonder she was able
+to reach hearts where others failed."
+
+Her enthusiasm for her work doubtless made it hard not only for her to
+measure her own strength, but also for others to estimate it. But toward
+the close of the summer of 1905 it became evident to all, even to herself,
+that she had been overtaxing herself and must lighten her work. "Sister
+makes me take beef juice, milk, and bread and butter," she said in a letter
+to Mrs. Joyce. "Everybody tells me I am thin, but I am doing my best to get
+fat. Every afternoon I devote all the time to get well. I sleep after
+dinner, then go out riding for fresh air, so you see your little girl does
+live high and extravagantly."
+
+During this summer she received news of the serious illness of her friend
+and foster-father, Bishop Joyce. This was a great source of anxiety and
+sorrow to her. "How I wish I had means to go right to his dear presence to
+tell him how I revere and love him for what he has done for me, and for
+what he is to the world," she wrote his wife. "I envy I-lien's privilege of
+being there. It must be a great comfort to be able to put one's heart-full
+of love and sympathy into little services that he may need at this time."
+
+The death of this true friend was a great grief to her, both on her own
+account and because of the sorrow it brought to the family which she so
+loved. "I loved Bishop as I did my own father," she said in a letter to
+Mrs. Joyce. "Now I rejoice for both of them because they have heard the
+Master's 'Well done, good and faithful servant.'" Then she added, "I will
+ask him to ask the Master to let me work a little longer on earth. Of
+course if he sees the reason why I shouldn't he will not do it."
+
+[Illustration: The Anna Stone Memorial]
+
+For a time it seemed as if her desire were to be granted, for when autumn
+came she was able to open the Women's School at the usual time, and to
+teach in it each morning. By keeping the afternoons free for rest she
+gained so much that she could write: "I feel very grateful for my health. I
+am up every day for my work. It is a busy life, but a very happy one." Dr.
+Stone had decided in the autumn that unless Anna gained a great deal within
+the next few weeks she would send her to the mountains for the winter, in
+the hope that the dry air would help her. But, as she said, "Anna hates to
+hear us talk about it because she does not want to leave her pet work." And
+Anna soon seemed so much stronger that the doctor did not insist on her
+going.
+
+Anna wrote happily of the Christmas exercises in the school. "The women for
+the first time attempted to have a public programme for the happy season.
+They had a dialogue, three new songs, and acted out shepherds in the night
+watch and Herod in his trouble. Then they had a tree on which were little
+fancy trinkets which the women made for their friends. They had a joyous
+time because they worked for it." She carried the work until the Chinese
+New Year vacation, which began about the middle of January, and then
+dismissed the school for the vacation period, full of hopes and plans for
+the new term, for which she felt that the month's rest would prepare her.
+Special services were held in the church during the New Year vacation and
+Anna saved her strength that she might sing at the evening meetings. She
+herself led the closing service. One who was there says, "The native church
+will not quickly forget her clear and beautiful testimonies."
+
+But her strength was not equal even to these tasks. Early in February she
+had a severe hemorrhage from her lungs, from which it seemed as if she
+could not rally. She felt this herself and said to Dr. Stone, with a brave
+smile, "Sister, I am going. This is in answer to prayer, for I do not want
+to linger on and endanger all of your lives." This attack was followed by
+pleurisy, and for ten days of severe suffering her life hung by a very
+slender thread. A fellow-worker wrote at this time: "She is bright and
+happy, although fully expecting to go. She has been so enthusiastic in her
+work, and always so cheerful, that she has often gone beyond her strength.
+I think that she has been failing more than we who daily watch her have
+realized. We feel that we cannot let her go, but it is not for us to say.
+Since she would rather go to God than stay and not be able to carry on her
+work, we can only pray 'The will of God be done.'"
+
+Once more, however, she showed the elasticity which had made it so hard for
+her friends to realize the true state of her health, and for a few weeks
+seemed to improve. As life returned she began to hope that she might again
+be able to take up her work, and for a time the eagerness to work was so
+strong that she dreaded the thought of death. As the days passed and
+strength did not come, she was troubled to understand why, when the need
+was so great and the workers so few, she who so longed to work, should not
+be permitted to do so. She said to Dr. Stone one day: "Sister, I have just
+prepared myself to work, so much has been spent on me that I want to live
+at least fifteen years to pass on some of my blessings to others. I am so
+young, and our home life has been just beautiful. I am not anxious to give
+it up so soon. I have great hopes of the Training School. I love the
+women. I want to take a whole class through a course of training and then
+leave them with my work. I want to see them well established in their work,
+and a new school building put up well worthy of the name. Above all I want
+to see our native church thoroughly roused by the Holy Spirit, and a
+self-supporting church started."
+
+One of the missionaries wrote afterward: "I wish you might have known what
+a comfort Dr. Stone was to her through all those dark hours, carrying her
+own burden constantly in her heart and yet bravely helping Anna to bear
+hers. And Anna on her side was just as brave, for she suffered intense pain
+through her illness, but constantly fought down every expression of it."
+
+Anna's lifelong love for the will of God was so strong that she could not
+fail to love it to the end, and the struggle was soon succeeded by complete
+victory and peace. Her sister wrote Mrs. Joyce after she had gone: "She did
+not know why, when so much had been done for her and she was so willing to
+do any service unto the Lord, she should not be spared, and given a healthy
+body for the work that seemed to be so much in need of workers. But she
+said she was willing to go if it was the Lord's will, and she wanted people
+to know that she loved to obey God mare than she desired her own life....
+She said she was perfectly willing to go, only she had wanted to work a
+little longer."
+
+Her brief struggle passed, her thought was all for others. She often spoke
+of the women for whom she had been working, and begged her sister to look
+after them and keep them from going back to the old ways; and in delirium
+she pleaded with one and another of them. She sent messages of love to
+those who were not with her, some of them being on the other side of the
+ocean, and sought to lighten the grief of those around her who so longed to
+keep her with them. "Do not grieve for me," she comforted her sister.
+"Think of me as you used to think of me when I was in America, only I shall
+be in a more beautiful place." Three days before her death she gave
+explicit directions about her funeral, wishing that everything in the
+Chinese funeral rites which savoured at all of non-Christian religions
+might be eliminated, that in her death, as in her life, she might witness
+clearly and unmistakably to her loyalty to Christ.
+
+When the last call finally came, on the sixteenth of March, it found her
+ready and glad to respond. She told her sister that she had heard the
+beautiful music and seen the great light and wanted to go. "That evening,"
+reads a letter from one of her co-workers, "we missionaries all gathered in
+the reception hall of their little house, together with her relatives and
+more intimate friends. It was one of the most touching scenes I have ever
+witnessed, for we were all drawn together by the bond of grief over the
+loss of one we loved."
+
+Although, in accordance with Anna's wishes, her funeral was conducted with
+the utmost simplicity, the funeral procession caused universal comment. One
+of the missionaries describes the scene: "As the procession of almost forty
+chairs passed down the street all stopped to watch it pass, and despite the
+unrest due to the recent riots at Nanchang, we heard nothing but kindly
+remarks. The fact that foreigners were following one of their own people to
+the grave, paying the Chinese girl the honour they would have shown to a
+great man among themselves, seemed to impress the Chinese in a peculiar
+way."
+
+Another writes: "During the day the neighbours, Christian and non-Christian
+alike, came to pay their respects.... A very large company of people
+attended the funeral, including a number of missionaries of other
+denominations. There was a procession of forty sedan chairs to the
+Christian cemetery, which is about two miles beyond the East Gate. For the
+half mile from the home to the city gate both sides of the street were
+lined with people, who stood quietly and respectfully while we passed. The
+absence of the numerous heathen symbols, and of any cover for the casket
+save the floral tributes, was observed; and the fact that even the
+foreigners had their chairs draped with white, 'just like us Chinese,' was
+also noted. An English gentleman from the foreign concession, who was to
+pay a call on the captain of one of the war vessels the next morning, said,
+'I shall tell him that I have witnessed a procession to-day which will do
+more to bring peace and harmony between the Chinese and foreigners than all
+the war vessels will do.'"
+
+Measured by years, Anna Stone's life was short. Measured by the time which
+she was enabled to give to her work after her return to China, her service
+was brief. Almost all her life had been given to preparation for service,
+and it may seem as if she had hardly begun her life work when she was
+bidden to lay it down for the richer service of another life. But if to be
+is more than to do, and if Anna Stone's life be measured by what it was,
+rather than by achievements which could be recorded, we must count her
+years of service to have been many. Through all the years of preparation
+for her work she was, in fact, serving in the truest sense, through what
+she was. Bishop Joyce often said that her presence in the home was a
+benediction. One who had close contact with her work pays the following
+tribute:
+
+    "Hers was a rare character. So simple, unaffected, and tender and
+    yet withal so strong. Like the blameless knight of old, 'her
+    strength was as the strength of ten because her heart was pure.'
+    Gifted with a winsome personality, and a voice of great sweetness,
+    she literally sang her way into the hearts of all who heard her,
+    while the illumination of her life 'hid with Christ in God'
+    particularly impressed those who saw in her a product of the
+    missionary enterprise of our church. All who came within the
+    influence of her radiant presence were the better for it."
+
+Her life was an inspiration to people in Christian America. She once said
+while here: "Since coming to America the greatest wonder to me has been how
+any one can live in this country and yet not be a Christian. If I had not
+given myself to God it would be the first thing I would do. But thank God
+He has _me_ off His mind. I am His child and I will love and serve Him all
+my days." One woman who heard her sing asked, "Why do you let her go back?
+We need her right here to help us. I never felt so near Christ as when I
+heard this Chinese girl sing, 'And I shall see Him face to face,' for the
+light of her vision shone from her eyes. I knew that she saw what she was
+singing about." Another wrote, when the news of her death came, "Of Anna
+Stone it can truthfully be said, 'None knew her but to love her.'...
+Wherever she mingled with people she drew them not only to herself, but to
+Christ. Eternity alone will reveal the many souls won to a Christian life
+through her influence."
+
+At the annual meeting of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, held a few
+months after Anna Stone's death, the following resolution was unanimously
+adopted: "Resolved: That in memory of our dear Chinese girl, Anna Stone, we
+recall to your thought these words, applied to her by one who knew her
+well:
+
+    'And half we deemed she needed not
+    The changing of her sphere
+    To give to heaven a shining one
+    Who walked an angel here.'"
+
+Her life was a blessing to people in her own great country. Her sister
+wrote: "I am so thankful that she returned and spent about two years
+working for our own people. When I saw how much she was loved by the women
+and girls here I knew her short time with us had not been spent in vain." A
+letter from another Kiukiang worker says: "We felt when Miss Stone was
+taken from the Women's School that indeed its light and glory had departed.
+Her influence and life among the women will never be forgotten. Her
+gentleness, sweetness of spirit, and unselfishness, won a place in our
+hearts, and made us feel that we had caught a glimpse of the Master. Among
+her fellow-workers and her own people, she was universally beloved."
+
+Miss Hughes, who was later appointed to take up the work which Anna had
+laid down, wrote in a letter to Mrs. Joyce: "I don't think any one will
+ever be able to tell you what a vacancy there is in Kiukiang since that
+little girl was taken from us. I was not in China any length of time before
+I, personally, realized something of the influence of her life. Her spirit
+of beautiful, consecrated young womanhood that so impressed every one at
+home seemed intensified when I saw her in the fall upon my arrival." Miss
+Hughes went on to tell of an incident which revealed what was doubtless one
+of the great sources of the power of the life that was so short in years.
+She says:
+
+    "I think nothing that I have heard of Anna Stone's life speaks more
+    clearly of the depth of real self-abnegation,--perfect obliteration
+    of self, in fact--and the secret of her power in winning souls
+    where others failed to win, than this story I am now to tell you.
+    Several years ago, before Anna returned home from America, an old
+    woman about sixty-four years of age, was engaged to do sewing for
+    Dr. Stone from time to time. The woman was a widow with one son,
+    who was an opium fiend in every sense of the word. He was unable to
+    work, and deprived his mother of all the comforts, and often of the
+    necessities of life, that he might buy opium."
+
+    "One day the old woman was taken ill, and while ill, her son
+    carried off the only clothes the old mother had (she slept with her
+    clothes spread on top of the bed-clothes as you know is the custom
+    in China), and sold them for the miserable drug. The mother
+    appealed to Dr. Stone, who took her, in her helpless, sick
+    condition, into the hospital. As she grew well, she stayed on,
+    doing such sewing as she could for her board, and in the hospital
+    she heard for the first time of the 'Jesus doctrine.' Her hungry
+    heart opened to the truth and she wanted to learn to read the
+    Bible."
+
+    "One day, however, she came to the doctor and asked her if she
+    thought if they prayed to God, He would save her son from his
+    dreadful life. The doctor talked with her and found that the old
+    woman was full of faith that it could be done. So they prayed about
+    it, and a little while after, Dr. Stone gave the old woman money to
+    take her son to the hospital for men in the city here and have the
+    habit broken off. But the mother, instead of giving the man into
+    the care of the authorities, and paying for his treatment herself,
+    gave the money to the man, and he used it all in opium, being in a
+    worse condition than ever."
+
+    "Some time later, due to the lack of funds, the hospital had to be
+    closed for some time, but when it was reopened, the old mother
+    pleaded that the son should be taken on as a coolie to work for his
+    keep, and thus be out of temptation's way. He had been supplied
+    again with money and put into the hospital, from which he came out
+    apparently cured, but fell again. The plan for him to come to the
+    hospital seemed to the doctor a rather dangerous one, for the man
+    was a positive good-for-nothing. But in the meantime Anna had
+    returned from America, and was, with her sister, willing to try
+    him; for it seemed his last chance, and the mother had begged so
+    hard for him. So he came to the hospital--a poor wretch, indeed,
+    weak as a little child from the awful life he had lived."
+
+    "All opium was out of his reach here, and in a few days the absence
+    of it showed by dreadful swelling of the limbs. He could not carry
+    the smallest weight without great exertion, and the case seemed
+    almost hopeless. But he gradually was broken from the use of the
+    drug and was able to work about the place. Anna was using a sedan
+    chair for her itinerating work, but she was so light that the
+    coolies jolted her a great deal and hurt her; so she got her
+    'ricksha, and chose this poor wretch of a fellow, as her personal
+    body-servant. When she went out on her evangelistic work, she had
+    her mother with her, as you know, and this coolie went along
+    drawing the 'ricksha. He became very devoted to her, and very
+    carefully cared for her. When she had her meals with her mother,
+    she had this coolie eat with her, lest he go off and get hold of
+    opium. He is a very weak, easily led fellow, as you will have
+    judged, and Anna felt his one safety was in keeping with them all
+    the time. Little by little, the fellow straightened up and became
+    stronger and able to do a respectable amount of work."
+
+    "Meantime Anna was teaching him, as she had opportunity, about
+    Christ. Finally last New Year's Eve, at the watch-night service led
+    by Anna herself, among those who openly took their stand for
+    Christ, was this poor fellow. As far as we know he has led a
+    straight life ever since. He is still working about the hospital
+    and there is no sign of the old dissipation. When Anna left us a
+    few weeks ago, the man's grief was great, and it was this old
+    'body-guard' who sat up all night the one night after the coffin
+    was sealed and remained in the house. The old mother at
+    sixty-seven years of age has learned to read the Bible and is a
+    very earnest Christian."
+
+    "I wish I could tell you how it impressed me as Dr. Stone told of
+    the efforts of Anna to win that poor wretch of a fellow to Christ.
+    There wasn't a thing attractive about him, in fact, just the
+    opposite; but she saw that there was a soul there to save, and with
+    no apparent thought of herself, no shrinking from a man of his
+    type, she, with the true spirit of the Lord she so closely
+    followed, bent every effort to save him from the thing that had
+    cursed his own and his mother's life. I think I have never heard
+    anything more beautiful than this story of Anna, who with all the
+    delicacy of her nature, her pure, sweet womanhood, her love of the
+    refined that always marked her, and her keen sensitiveness to the
+    niceties of life, laid all, as a sacrifice to her Lord, in the
+    background, and had at the same board with herself and her mother,
+    that miserable man, thus helping him to fight the enemy of his soul
+    and body."
+
+Her Master's work was indeed everything, and self was nothing to Anna
+Stone. She once said in a letter to Mrs. Joyce, "It has been a grief to my
+heart not to have seen more people who have means to support themselves
+come out to work for China. I am hoping to find some means by which to
+support myself without getting pay from the society, to let others know
+that I am not working for money, but for the love of God which is in my
+heart."
+
+The influence of this young Chinese girl is but another witness to "the
+power of an endless life." She lives to-day in those whom she has inspired,
+and who seek to be as true as she.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notable Women Of Modern China
+by Margaret E. Burton
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 14492 ***
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+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 14492 ***</div>
+
+<p></p>
+<h1><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1" />Notable Women of Modern China</h1>
+
+<h2 class='smcap'>By MARGARET E. BURTON<a name="Page_2" id="Page_2" /></h2>
+
+
+<p><i>Notable Women of Modern China</i></p>
+
+<p class='blockquot'>Illustrated, 12mo, cloth. Net $1.25</p>
+
+<p>The author's earlier work on the general subject of Women's Education in
+China, indicates her ability to treat with peculiar interest and
+discernment the characters making up this volume of striking biographies.
+If these women are types to be followed by a great company of like
+aspirations the future of a nation is assured.</p>
+
+
+<p><i>The Education of Women in China</i></p>
+
+<p class='blockquot'>Illustrated, 12mo, cloth. Net $1.25</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Thrilling is a strong word, but not too strong to be used in connection
+with <i>The Education of Women in China</i>. To many it will prove a revealing
+book and doubtless to all, even those well-informed upon the present
+condition of women. Miss Burton's book will interest all the reading
+public.&quot;&mdash;<span class='smcap'>Christian Advocate</span>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3" /></p><div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<a href="images/img01.jpg"><img src="images/img01_th.jpg" width="400" height="627" alt="Dr. H&uuml; King Eng at the Time of Her Graduation from the Medical College" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>Dr. H&uuml; King Eng at the Time of Her Graduation from the Medical College</b>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4" />Notable Women of Modern China</h2>
+
+<h4>By</h4>
+
+<h3>MARGARET E. BURTON</h3>
+
+<h5>AUTHOR OF</h5>
+
+<h5>&quot;THE EDUCATION OF WOMEN IN CHINA&quot;</h5>
+
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr class='smcap'><td align='left'>New York</td><td align='left'>Chicago</td><td align='left'>Toronto</td></tr></table>
+
+
+<h4>Fleming H. Revell Company</h4>
+
+<h5 class='smcap'>London And Edinburgh</h5>
+
+<p class="center"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5" />Copyright, 1912, by<br />
+FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY</p>
+<table><tr><td>
+<p> New York: 158 Fifth Avenue<br />
+Chicago: 125 N. Wabash Ave.<br />
+Toronto: 25 Richmond St., W.<br />
+London: 21 Paternoster Square<br />
+Edinburgh: 100 Princes Street<br />
+<a name="Page_6" id="Page_6" /></p>
+</td></tr></table>
+<hr />
+<h3>TO MY FRIEND<br />
+GRACE COPPOCK<br />
+WHO TAUGHT ME TO KNOW AND LOVE<br />
+THE WOMEN OF CHINA</h3>
+
+
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7" />Preface</h2>
+
+
+<p>During a stay of some months in China in the year of 1909, I had an
+opportunity to see something of the educational work for women, and to meet
+several of the educated women of that interesting country. I was greatly
+impressed, both by the excellent work done by the students in the schools,
+and by the useful, efficient lives of those who had completed their course
+of study. When I returned to America, and spoke of some of the things which
+the educated women of China were doing, I found that many people were
+greatly surprised to learn that Chinese women were capable of such
+achievements. It occurred to me, therefore, that it might be worth while to
+put the stories of a few of these women into a form which would make them
+accessible to the public.</p>
+
+<p>It will be noted that the majority of the women of whose work I have
+written received a part of their education in America. My reason for
+selecting these women is not because those whose training has been received
+wholly in China are not doing equally good work, but because it is
+difficult to gather defi<a name="Page_8" id="Page_8" />nite information in regard to the women whose
+lives have been spent entirely in their native country. The fact that most
+of the biographies in this book are of women in professional life is due to
+the same cause. The great aim of the girls' schools in China is, rightly,
+to furnish such training as shall prepare their students to be worthy wives
+and mothers, and the large majority of those who attend the schools find
+their highest subsequent usefulness in the home. But in China, as in other
+countries, the life of the woman in the home remains, for the most part,
+unwritten.</p>
+
+<p>I have therefore told the stories of the women concerning whose work I have
+been able to obtain definite information, believing that they fairly
+represent the educated women of China who, wherever their education has
+been received, and in whatever sphere it is being used, are ably and
+bravely playing an important part in the moulding of the great new China.</p>
+
+<p>For much of the material for these sketches I am indebted to friends of the
+women of whom I have written. To all such my hearty thanks are due. For
+personal reminiscences, letters, and photographs, I am most grateful.</p>
+
+<p class='blockquot'>M. E. B.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9" />Contents</h2>
+
+
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+  <tr>
+    <td colspan="3" align='left'>DR. H&Uuml; KING ENG</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>I.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>Childhood in a Christian Home</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href='#Page_15'>15</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>II.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>Education in China and America</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href='#Page_23'>23</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>III.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>Beginning Medical Work in China</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href='#Page_39'>39</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>IV.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>The Beloved Physician</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href='#Page_44'>44</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>V.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>The Favour of the People</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href='#Page_58'>58</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='left' colspan="3">MRS. AHOK</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>I.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>The Mistress of a Home of Wealth</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href='#Page_73'>73</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>II.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>Work Among the Women of the Upper Classes</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href='#Page_82'>82</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>III.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>A Journey to England</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href='#Page_90'>90</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>IV.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>Patient in Tribulation</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href='#Page_101'>101</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='left' colspan="3">DR. IDA KAHN</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>I.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>Childhood in Three Countries</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href='#Page_115'>115</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>II.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>At the University of Michigan</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href='#Page_121'>121</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>III.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>Seven Years in Kiukiang</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href='#Page_126'>126</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>IV.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>Pioneer Work in Nanchang</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href='#Page_140'>140</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='left' colspan="3">DR. MARY STONE</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>I.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>With Unbound Feet</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href='#Page_161'>161</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>II.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>The Danforth Memorial Hospital</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href='#Page_169'>169</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>III.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>Winning Friends in America</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href='#Page_183'>183</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>IV.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>A Versatile Woman</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href="#Page_190">190</a><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10" /></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='left' colspan="2">YU KULIANG</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href='#Page_221'>221</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='left' colspan="3">ANNA STONE</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>I.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>Eager for Education</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href='#Page_233'>233</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>II.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>Among Her Own People</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href='#Page_244'>244</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>III.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>The Power of an Endless Life</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href='#Page_254'>254</a></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h2><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11" />Illustrations</h2>
+
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+
+
+<tr><td align='left'>Dr. H&uuml; King Eng at the Time of Her Graduation from the Medical College</td>
+    <td align='right'><i><a href="#Page_3">Frontispiece</a></i></td>
+  </tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>Dr. H&uuml;'s Medical Students</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_41'>41</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>Dr. H&uuml;'s Christmas Party</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_61'>61</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>Mrs. Ahok and Her Two Granddaughters</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_73'>73</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>Reception Rooms in Chinese Homes of Wealth</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_83'>83</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>Dr. Ida Kahn</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_115'>115</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>A Nurse in Dr. Kahn's Hospital</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_138'>138</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>One of Dr. Kahn's Guests</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_141'>141</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>A Village Crowd</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_141'>141</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>Dr. Mary Stone</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_161'>161</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial Hospital, Kiukiang, China</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_172'>172</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>Dr. Stone, Dr. Kahn, and Five of the Hospital Nurses</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_174'>174</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>General Ward of the Danforth Memorial Hospital</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_182'>182</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>Nurses of the Danforth Memorial Hospital</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_192'>192</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>Yu Kuliang</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_221'>221</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>Anna Stone</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_233'>233</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>The Anna Stone Memorial</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_257'>257</a></td></tr></table>
+
+<p><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12" /><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13" />
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3> DR. H&Uuml; KING ENG</h3>
+<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3">
+  <tr>
+    <td align="right">I.</td>
+    <td class="smcap"><a href="#Page_15">Childhood in a Christian Home</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="right">II.</td>
+    <td class="smcap"><a href="#Page_23">Education in China and America</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="right">III. </td>
+    <td class="smcap"><a href="#Page_39">Beginning Medical Work in China</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="right">IV.</td>
+    <td class="smcap"> <a href="#Page_44">The Beloved Physician</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="right"> V.</td>
+    <td class="smcap"><a href="#Page_58">The Favour of the People</a></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14" /><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15" />DR.
+  H&Uuml; KING ENG</h2>
+
+<h3>I</h3>
+
+<h3>CHILDHOOD IN A CHRISTIAN HOME</h3>
+
+
+<p>Among the earliest converts to Christianity in South China was H&uuml; Yong Mi,
+the son of a military mandarin of Foochow. He had been a very devout
+Buddhist, whose struggles after spiritual peace, and whose efforts to
+obtain it through fasting, sacrifice, earnest study, and the most
+scrupulous obedience to all the forms of Buddhist worship, remind one
+strongly of the experiences of Saul of Tarsus. Like Saul too, H&uuml; Yong Mi
+was, before his conversion, a vigorous and sincere opponent of
+Christianity. When his older brother became a Christian, H&uuml; Yong Mi felt
+that his casting away of idols and abolishing of ancestral worship were
+crimes of such magnitude that the entire family &quot;ought all with one heart
+to beat the drum and drive him from the house.&quot; He tells of finding a copy
+of the Bible in his father's bookcase one day, and how, in sudden rage, he
+tore it to pieces and <a name="Page_16" id="Page_16" />threw the fragments on the floor, and then, not
+satisfied with destroying the book, wished that he had some sharp implement
+with which to cut out &quot;the hated name Ya-su, which stared from the
+mutilated pages.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>But when, through the efforts of the very brother whom he had persecuted,
+he too came to recognize the truth of Christianity, he became as devoted
+and tireless a worker for his Lord as was Paul the apostle, preaching in
+season and out of season, first as a layman, afterwards as an ordained
+minister of the Methodist Church. His work often led him to isolated and
+difficult fields; he was &quot;in journeyings often, in perils of rivers, in
+perils of robbers, in perils from his countrymen, in perils in the city, in
+perils in the wilderness.&quot; But, alike in toil and persecution, he remained
+steadfast.</p>
+
+<p>He was made a presiding elder at the time of the organization of the
+Foochow Conference in 1877, and from that time until his death, in 1893, he
+was, in the words of one of the missionaries of that district, &quot;a pillar of
+strength in the church in China, because of his piety and wisdom and his
+literary ability, having, withal, an eloquent tongue which in the ardour of
+pulpit oratory gave to his fine six-foot physique a princely bearing.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17" />A striking testimony to the power and beauty of this Christian man's
+character is a picture, painted by a Chinese artist, an old man over eighty
+years of age. This man was not a Christian, but after hearing Mr. H&uuml;'s
+preaching, and watching his consecrated life, he embodied in a painting his
+conception of the power of the &quot;Cross Doctrine&quot; as he knew it through H&uuml;
+Yong Mi. The picture, which is five feet long and nearly three wide, and is
+finely executed in water colours, was presented to Mr. H&uuml; by the artist. At
+first glance its central figure seems to be a tree, under which is a man
+reading from a book. Lower down are some rocks. But looking again one sees
+that the tree is a cross, and that in the rocks are plain semblances of
+human faces, more or less perfect, all turned toward the cross. The thought
+which the artist wished to express was that the &quot;Cross Doctrine,&quot; as
+preached and lived by such as H&uuml; Yong Mi, would turn even rocks into human
+beings.</p>
+
+<p>The wife of H&uuml; Yong Mi was brought up in a home of wealth and rank in
+Foochow. Her aristocratic birth was manifested by the size of her tiny
+embroidered shoe, which measured exactly three inches. When H&uuml; Yong Mi was
+asked by the missionaries to become a minister, he was somewhat dismayed to
+learn that <a name="Page_18" id="Page_18" />in the Methodist Church the minister's family must frequently
+move from place to place. In his own words, &quot;The Chinese greatly esteem the
+place of their birth; if a man goes abroad it is considered a matter of
+affliction; for a family to move is an almost unheard of calamity.&quot; He
+replied, however, that although he had not known of the existence of the
+custom, he was entirely willing, for Christ's sake, to undertake the work
+of a minister in spite of it. The missionaries then asked if his wife would
+be willing to go with him. He answered that he could not tell until he went
+home and asked her. But when he had talked the matter over with her, this
+dainty, high-class lady replied, &quot;It matters not to what place; if you are
+willing to go, I will go with you.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Within a few weeks they left Foochow to work among their first
+parishioners, a people who might well have caused the hearts of the young
+pastor and his wife to fail, for H&uuml; Yong Mi says of them: &quot;In front of
+their houses I saw piles of refuse, and filthy ditches. Within, all was
+very dirty&mdash;pigs, cattle, fowls, sheep, all together in the one house. Not
+a chair was there to sit on. All went out to work in the fields. They had
+no leisure to comb hair or wash faces.... None knew how to read the Chinese
+characters. Some <a name="Page_19" id="Page_19" />held their books upside down; some mistook a whole column
+for one character.&quot; Mrs. H&uuml; and the children were very ill with malarial
+fever while in this place, but in spite of all their hardships, a good work
+was done.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. H&uuml; was as earnest a worker among the women as was her husband among
+the men, telling the good news to those who had never heard it, and
+strengthening her fellow-Christians. Many a programme of the Foochow
+Women's Conference bears the name of Mrs. H&uuml; Yong Mi, for she could give
+addresses and read papers which were an inspiration to missionaries and
+Chinese alike. Her friend, Mrs. Sites, has written especially of her
+influence on the women whose lives she touched: &quot;In the stations where the
+Methodist itinerancy sent Rev. H&uuml; Yong Mi, this Christian household was
+something of a curiosity. The neighbouring women often called 'to see' in
+companies of three to twenty or more, and Mr. H&uuml; expected his wife and
+children to preach the gospel to them just as faithfully as he did from the
+pulpit. There are many hundreds of Chinese women to whom this lovely
+Christian mother and little daughters gave the first knowledge of Christ
+and heaven.&quot; The same friend says of this wife and mother, &quot;In privations
+oft, and in perse<a name="Page_20" id="Page_20" />cutions beyond the power of pen to narrate, she has
+become a model woman among her people.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>In 1865, not long after a period of severe persecution, and while their
+hearts were saddened by the recent death of their little daughter, Hiong
+Kwang, another baby girl was born to Mr. and Mrs. H&uuml;, and named Precious
+Peace, the Chinese for which is King Eng. Born of such parents, and growing
+up in such an environment, it is perhaps not surprising that unselfishness,
+steadfastness of purpose, and courage, both physical and moral, should be
+among the most prominent characteristics of H&uuml; King Eng. One of the
+clearest memories of her childhood is of lying in bed night after night,
+listening to the murmur of her father's voice as he talked to someone who
+was interested in learning of the &quot;Jesus way,&quot; and hearing the crash of
+stones and brickbats, the hurling of which through the doors and windows
+was too frequent an occurrence to interrupt these quiet talks.</p>
+
+<p>Of course little King Eng's feet were bound, as were the feet of every
+other little girl of good family. But the binding process had scarcely
+begun when her father became convinced that this universal and ancient
+custom was a wrong one. He accordingly made the <a name="Page_21" id="Page_21" />brave decision,
+unprecedented in that section of the country, that his daughters should
+have natural feet, and the bandages were taken off. This proceeding was
+viewed with great disapproval by his small daughter, for while it freed her
+from physical pain, her unbound feet were the source of constant comment
+and ridicule, far more galling to the sensitive child than the tight
+bandages had been. Now, an ardent advocate of natural feet, she often tells
+of her trials as a pioneer of the movement in Fuhkien province. &quot;That I
+have the distinction of being the first girl who did not have her feet
+bound, is due to no effort of mine,&quot; she says, &quot;for the neighbour women
+used to say, 'Rather a nice girl, but those feet!' 'Rather a bright girl,
+but those feet,' and 'Those feet,' 'Those feet' was all I heard, until I
+was ashamed to be seen.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Finally her mother, who did not wholly share her husband's view of the
+matter, took advantage of his absence from home, and replaced the bandages.
+When she would ask, &quot;Can you stand them a little tighter?&quot; the little
+devotee to the stern mandates of fashion and custom invariably replied,
+&quot;Yes, mother, a little tighter&quot;; for was she not going to be a lady and not
+hear &quot;those feet,&quot; &quot;those feet&quot; any more! But when her father came home <a name="Page_22" id="Page_22" />he
+had a long and serious talk with his wife about foot-binding, and off came
+the bandages again. Later the little girl went on a visit to a relative,
+who was greatly horrified at her large feet, and took it upon herself to
+bind them again, to the child's great delight. It was with an immense sense
+of her importance that she came hobbling home, supported on each side. Her
+mother was ill in bed at the time, but greatly to King Eng's
+disappointment, instead of being pleased, she bade her take the bandages
+off and burn them, and never replace them. To the child's plea that people
+were all saying &quot;those feet,&quot; &quot;those feet,&quot; until she was ashamed to meet
+any one, Mrs. H&uuml; replied, &quot;Tell them bound-footed girls never enter the
+emperor's palace.&quot; &quot;And that,&quot; says Dr. H&uuml;, &quot;put a quietus on 'those feet,'
+and when I learned that all the world did not have bound feet I became more
+reconciled.&quot;</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23" />II</h3>
+
+<h3>EDUCATION IN CHINA AND AMERICA</h3>
+
+
+<p>When she was old enough, King Eng became a pupil in the Foochow Boarding
+School for Girls, where she did good work as a student. No musical teaching
+was given in the school at that time, but King Eng was so eager to learn to
+play that the wife of one of the missionaries gave her lessons on her own
+organ. Her ability to play may have been one of the causes which led to the
+framing of a remarkable and eloquent appeal for the higher education of the
+Chinese girls, which should include music and English, sent in 1883 by the
+native pastors of Foochow and vicinity to the General Executive Committee
+of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal
+Church, under whose auspices this school was carried on.</p>
+
+<p>To the same committee there came at the same time another remarkable
+request, this one from Dr. Trask, then in charge of the Foo<a name="Page_24" id="Page_24" />chow Woman's
+Hospital. After leaving boarding school King Eng had been a student in the
+hospital, and Dr. Trask had become so much impressed with her adaptability
+to medical work, and her sympathetic spirit toward the suffering, that she
+longed to have her receive the advantages of a more thorough education than
+could be given her in Foochow. She accordingly wrote to the Executive
+Committee of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, speaking in the
+highest terms of H&uuml; King Eng's ability and character, and urging that
+arrangements be made to bring her to America, to remain ten years if
+necessary, &quot;that she might go back qualified to lift the womanhood of China
+to a higher plane, and able to superintend the medical work.&quot; She assured
+the committee that they would find that the results would justify them in
+doing this, and that none knew King Eng but to love her. Arrangements were
+soon made, largely through Mrs. Keen, secretary of the Philadelphia branch
+of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, and word was sent to Foochow
+that Dr. Trask's request had been approved.</p>
+
+<p>This word found H&uuml; King Eng ready to accept the opportunity which it
+offered her. It had not been easy for this young girl, only eighteen years
+old, to decide to leave her home <a name="Page_25" id="Page_25" />and her country and take the long journey
+to a foreign land, whose language she could not speak, and whose customs
+were utterly strange to her, to remain there long enough to receive the
+college and medical education which would enable her to do the work planned
+for her on her return to China. So far as she knew she was the only Chinese
+young woman who had ever left China to seek an education in another
+country; and indeed she was the second, the only one who had preceded her
+being Dr. You M&eacute; King, the adopted daughter of Dr. and Mrs. McCartee, of
+Ningpo, who had gone to America with them a few years before. King Eng's
+parents did not oppose her going, but neither did they encourage it. They
+told her fully of the loneliness she would experience in a foreign country;
+the dangers and unpleasantness of the long ocean voyage she would have to
+take; and the unparalleled situation in which she would find herself on her
+return ten years later, unmarried at twenty-eight. But with a quiet faith
+and purpose, and a courage nothing short of heroic, King Eng answered, &quot;If
+the Lord opens the way and the cablegram says 'Come,' I shall surely go;
+but if otherwise I shall do as best I can and labour at home.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Years afterward, when two other girls from <a name="Page_26" id="Page_26" />the Foochow Boarding School
+were leaving China for a period of study in America, a farewell meeting was
+held for them in the school, at which Dr. H&uuml; told how she had reached her
+decision to go. She said: &quot;I was the first Fuhkien province girl to go to
+America.... My father told me, 'I cannot decide for you; you must pray to
+God. If you are to go, God will show you.' Then I felt God's word come to
+me, 'Fear not, for I will go with you wherever you go.' At that time the
+school girls were seldom with the missionary ladies and I could not speak
+any English, therefore I did not know any American politeness; and all my
+clothes and other daily-need-things were not proper to use in the western
+country. Although everything could not be according to my will, I trusted
+God with all my life, so nothing could change my heart.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>In the spring of 1884, in charge of some missionaries going home on
+furlough, H&uuml; King Eng left China for America. The journey was a long and
+rough one, and a steamer near theirs was wrecked. One of the missionaries,
+wondering how her faith was standing the test of these new and terrifying
+experiences, asked if she wanted to go back home. But she answered, &quot;No, I
+do not think of going home <a name="Page_27" id="Page_27" />at all.&quot; She felt that it was right for her to
+go to America, and although when she met her friends at the journey's end
+she confessed that sea-sickness and home-sickness had brought the tears
+many a night, she never faltered in her decision.</p>
+
+<p>Upon landing in New York she went at once to Mrs. Keen in Philadelphia, and
+there met Dr. and Mrs. Sites, of Foochow, whom she had known from
+childhood, and who were then in Philadelphia attending the General
+Conference of the Methodist Church. She spent the summer with them,
+learning to read, write, and speak English, and in the autumn went with
+them to Delaware, Ohio, and entered Ohio Wesleyan University. Miss Martin,
+who was then preceptress of Monnett Hall, recalls King Eng's efforts to
+master English. &quot;She was an apt pupil,&quot; she says, &quot;yet she had many
+struggles with the language.&quot; A friend in Cleveland, with whom she spent a
+few weeks during her vacation, promised her that some day they would go
+around the square to see the reservoir. King Eng seemed much interested in
+this proposition and several times asked when they were to go. When they
+finally went, her friend was somewhat surprised to see that King Eng
+manifested very little interest in the reservoir; but when they reached
+<a name="Page_28" id="Page_28" />home again it was evident that she had been interested, not in the
+reservoir, but in the proposed method of reaching it. &quot;How can you go
+'round' a 'square'?&quot; she asked.</p>
+
+<p>When she entered college she set herself the task of learning ten new words
+a day; but Miss Martin says that she sometimes had to unlearn several of
+them, owing to the fondness of her fellow students for slang. However, she
+was persevering, and in time learned to use the language easily. One of the
+teachers, who had returned a plate to her with an orange on it, still
+treasures a half sheet of paper which appeared on a returned plate of hers,
+on which King Eng had written:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span>&quot;You taught me a lesson not long ago,<br /></span>
+<span>Which I have learned, as I'll try to show.<br /></span>
+<span>When you would return a plate to its owner,<br /></span>
+<span>Of something upon it you must be the donor.<br /></span>
+<span>One orange you put on that plate of mine,<br /></span>
+<span>Two oranges find on this plate of thine.&quot;<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>She was a great favourite with both faculty and students. One of her fellow
+students shall tell of the impression she made: &quot;Those who were at Monnett
+Hall at any time from 1884 to 1887 will remember a dainty little foreign
+lady, a sort of exotic blossom, whose silk-embroidered costumes,
+constructed in Chinese fashion, made her an object of interest to every
+<a name="Page_29" id="Page_29" />girl in college. This was Dr. H&uuml; King Eng, who came to prepare for her
+life work. Gentle, modest, winning, her heart fixed on a goal far ahead,
+she was an example to the earnest Christian girl and a rebuke to any who
+had self-seeking aims.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Another, looking back to her college days, and to the college life of H&uuml;
+King Eng, &quot;or, as she was familiarly and lovingly called, King Eng,&quot;
+writes, &quot;She was so sweet and gracious, so simple in her faith and life, so
+charitable, that you felt it everywhere. I shall never forget standing in
+the hall one day with her and another girl, when a young man delivered some
+books. I asked his name. The young lady gave it, a well known name, and
+added that he had very little principle, or character. King Eng spoke up at
+once, and calling the other girl by name said, 'Yes, but his parents are
+fine people.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The King's Daughters' Society was organized during King Eng's stay at Ohio
+Wesleyan, and ten groups, of ten girls each, were formed among the students
+of Monnett Hall. King Eng, who was the leader of one of these groups,
+proposed that each girl in it should earn enough money to buy one of the
+King's Daughters' badges, and that they should be sent to some of the girls
+in the Foochow school, <a name="Page_30" id="Page_30" />that they too might organize a society. She was
+eager that the girls should not only give the badges, but should earn them
+by their own efforts, that they might thus show the Chinese girls that
+American students did not consider any kind of work beneath them, but
+counted it an honour to serve their Master in any way possible.</p>
+
+<p>During the April of King Eng's first year at Ohio Wesleyan University,
+special meetings were held in connection with the Day of Prayer for
+Colleges, one of them a large chapel service at which the president of the
+college and the preceptress spoke. The report of this meeting shows that
+King Eng did not wait until her return to China to begin active efforts to
+win others to the Christian life. &quot;At the close of an address by Miss
+Martin, the preceptress, there stepped forward upon the rostrum our little
+Chinese student, Miss H&uuml; King Eng, who, dressed in her full native costume,
+stood gracefully before these six hundred young men and women while she
+witnessed to the saving power of Christ.... The following evening, at our
+earnest revival service in the chapel of the ladies' boarding hall, there
+knelt the Chinese girl at the side of her American sister, helping her to
+find the Saviour; and the smile of gladness on her countenance at the
+closing <a name="Page_31" id="Page_31" />of the meeting told the joy in her heart because her friend was
+converted. The faith of many has been made stronger by hearing the
+testimony of Miss H&uuml;.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The statement of one of her fellow students is impressive: &quot;She had a great
+influence over the girls, and during our revival seasons she usually led
+more to Christ than any other girl in the school. One mother, when she came
+to visit the school after such a meeting during which her own daughter had
+been converted, exclaimed, 'Little did I think when I was giving money for
+the work in China, that a Chinese girl would come to this country and be
+the means of leading my daughter to Christ.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Miss Martin tells of one student who had long resisted all appeals, but who
+would listen to King Eng when she would not hear any one else; and who was
+finally led by her to such a complete consecration that she afterward gave
+her life to missionary service in Japan.</p>
+
+<p>During her vacation periods King Eng often addressed missionary meetings
+with marked success, winning such testimonies as these: &quot;We are thanking
+God for that grand missionary meeting. It would have done your heart good
+to have heard the references to it in our Wednesday night prayer meeting,&quot;
+or,<a name="Page_32" id="Page_32" /> &quot;One gentleman said to me, 'That was the best missionary meeting we
+ever had in Third Avenue.'&quot; It was probably while doing such work as this
+that she had the experiences which led her to realize so keenly the
+blessing of the unbound feet which had caused her so many tribulations as a
+child, for she says that when she was running for trains in America she
+always remembered &quot;Those feet,&quot; &quot;Those feet,&quot; and was glad that she had
+them.</p>
+
+<p>In the summer of 1886 she attended a meeting of the International
+Missionary Union, and there met Mrs. Baldwin, who had known her as a child
+in Foochow. Mrs. Baldwin wrote of the impression she made at this time:
+&quot;Our dear little Chinese girl, H&uuml; King Eng, won all hearts, as usual, by
+her sweet, gentle, trustful Christian character. To us who have known her
+from her infancy up, the meeting was of peculiar pleasure; and as she
+grasped my hand and in low, earnest, glad tones exclaimed in our Foochow
+dialect, 'Teacheress, all the same as seeing my own house people,' I could
+heartily respond, 'All the same.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>At the same time she was making rapid progress in her studies. At the
+annual meeting of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society in 1886, &quot;the
+marvellous progress of H&uuml; King Eng was reported ... and tears of <a name="Page_33" id="Page_33" />gladness
+filled many eyes as her implicit faith, her sturdy industry, and her
+untiring devotion were described.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>She completed her course in Ohio Wesleyan University in four years, and in
+the autumn of 1888 entered the Woman's Medical College of Philadelphia,
+doing the regular class work, and making her home with her friend Mrs.
+Keen. After two years of work there, she was very ill with a fever for many
+weeks. When her strength began to come back, it was decided that she should
+stop studying for a time and go to China for the following year, as she was
+very eager to visit her home, especially as her father was ill. Her
+lifelong friend, Miss Ruth Sites, was also returning to Foochow at that
+time. So after securing a passport for H&uuml; King Eng, in order that she might
+be able to return to America, the two girls made the trip together,
+spending Christmas in Yokohama, and enjoying a short visit to Tokio. The
+steamer stopped for a day at Kobe, and there Miss H&uuml; had the pleasure of
+visiting Dr. You M&eacute; King, then practising medicine under the Southern
+Methodist Mission. Dr. You was the only Chinese woman who had ever left
+China for study up to the time of her own going. They had a day at Nagasaki
+also, where several college mates <a name="Page_34" id="Page_34" />from Ohio Wesleyan were working; and two
+days were spent in Shanghai, during which Miss H&uuml; visited Dr. Reifsnyder's
+splendid hospital. The trip from Shanghai to Foochow was the last part of
+the long journey, and they were soon in the quiet waters of the Min River.
+Miss Sites, writing back to America, said that she could never forget King
+Eng's look as she exclaimed, &quot;The last wave is past. Now we are almost
+home.&quot; A brother and a brother-in-law came several miles down the river in
+a launch to meet her, and sedan chairs were waiting at the landing to take
+her to her home, where her parents were eagerly awaiting her. A reception
+of welcome was given for her and Miss Sites a few days later, which was for
+her father and mother one of the proudest occasions of their lives.</p>
+
+<p>Some of the missionaries had wondered whether so many years of residence in
+America would not have changed King Eng, and whether some of the luxuries
+she had enjoyed there might not have become a necessity to her. With this
+in mind many little comforts unusual in a Chinese home had been put into
+her room. &quot;But,&quot; one of them writes, &quot;this was needless.&quot; King Eng was
+unchanged and all the attention she had received in America had left her
+unspoiled. This was doubtless <a name="Page_35" id="Page_35" />largely due to the purity of her purpose in
+going. In bidding good-bye, a few years later, to some girls who were going
+to America for the first time, she said: &quot;Some people do not want girls to
+go to America to study because they think when the girls are educated they
+will be proud. I think really we have nothing to be proud of. We Chinese
+girls have such a good opportunity to go to another country to study, not
+because God loves us better than any other persons, but because He loves
+<i>all</i> our people in China. Therefore He sends us to learn all the good
+things first, so that we may help our people. The more favour we receive
+the more debt we owe the Chinese women and girls. So wherever we go we must
+think how to benefit our people, and not do as we please, and then how can
+we be proud?&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The only cloud in this happy home-coming, after eight years of absence, was
+the illness of her father, who was suffering from consumption. But even
+this cloud was lightened by the help and cheer which King Eng was enabled
+to bring to him. Miss Sites wrote: &quot;It is an unspeakable comfort to him to
+have King Eng with him, while she, with skill and wisdom learned in
+Philadelphia, attends to all his wants as no other Chinese could.&quot; Soon
+after King Eng's return her father was pros<a name="Page_36" id="Page_36" />trated with a severe attack of
+grippe, which in his already weakened state, made his condition almost
+hopeless. Even the missionary doctor who attended him had no expectation
+that he would recover. &quot;But,&quot; reads a letter from Mrs. Sites, &quot;through the
+knowledge King Eng had acquired of caring for the sick, and her devotion to
+her father, with work unfaltering, and prayer unceasing, he was brought
+back to us.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>For many years Rev. H&uuml; Yong Mi had been planning to build a house, wherein
+he and his family might live after he was too feeble to preach, and which
+his family might have if he should be taken from them. At this time he had
+laid by enough money to carry out his plan, but his weakness was such that
+he could have done little, had it not been for the energy and vigour of his
+wide-awake daughter. She helped make the plans for the house, and afterward
+urged forward the building, so that a few months after her return the
+family moved out of the parsonage into a comfortable little home, built in
+Chinese style, but with glass windows and board floors.</p>
+
+<p>In addition to the care of her father and the superintendence of the
+building of the new house, King Eng was kept very busy in the hospital,
+interpreting for the physicians in the <a name="Page_37" id="Page_37" />daily clinics, and working among
+the in-patients. This experience was invaluable to her at this time in
+giving her a clearer knowledge of the especial preparation needed in her
+future work. She saw and learned much of the prevalent diseases among the
+women for whom she was preparing herself to work. She also taught a class
+of young women medical students, which gave her valuable experience in that
+line of work.</p>
+
+<p>One of the missionaries has written of the impression she made during this
+stay in Foochow: &quot;She was kept very busy in the hospital and her home, but
+she was always cheerful and helpful. Her Christian love and natural
+kindness drew to her the hearts of hundreds of suffering native women, who
+felt that there was sympathy for them in her every look and touch.
+Moreover, the affectionate regard in which she had been held by her
+missionary associates in Foochow has been vastly increased by her
+unassuming manner, and the meek and quiet spirit in which she mingled with
+us in work and prayer through the months.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The new home was beautifully situated, overlooking the river and receiving
+constant south breezes, which made it cool and comfortable in summer. It
+was hoped that in its quiet Mr. H&uuml; might live for a number of <a name="Page_38" id="Page_38" />years, and
+it was therefore decided that King Eng should return to America, to
+re-enter the Woman's Medical College of Philadelphia in the fall of 1892.
+On the return trip she said to Mrs. Sites, who was with her, &quot;I have
+learned to trust God fully, else how could I be going away from my sick
+father whose every move and cough I had learned to hear so quickly through
+all the hours of the night, and still my heart be at rest?&quot; Mrs. Sites
+adds, &quot;Personally, her companionship on the voyage was a continual joy to
+me, notwithstanding my alarming and wearisome struggle while in Montreal to
+get permission for her to re-enter this alarmingly exclusive country.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>H&uuml; King Eng re-entered the Medical College in the autumn of 1892,
+graduating with honour the eighth of May, 1894. She spent the following
+year in hospital work, being fortunate enough to be chosen as surgeon's
+assistant in the Philadelphia Polyclinic, which gave her the privilege of
+attending all the clinics and lectures there.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39" />III</h3>
+
+<h3>BEGINNING MEDICAL WORK IN CHINA</h3>
+
+
+<p>In 1895 Dr. H&uuml; returned to Foochow. She at once began work in the Foochow
+Hospital for women and children, being associated with Dr. Lyon, who wrote
+at the end of the year's work: &quot;Dr. H&uuml;, by her faithfulness and skill, has
+built up the dispensary until the number of the patients treated far
+exceeds that of last year. She has also been a great inspiration to our
+students, not only as teacher, but in right living and in Christian
+principles.&quot; The following year Dr. Lyon returned to America on her
+furlough, leaving the young physician in entire charge of the hospital
+work, a responsibility which she discharged so effectively that at the
+close of the year her co-labourers enthusiastically declared: &quot;Sending H&uuml;
+King Eng to America for a medical education was providing for one of the
+greatest blessings that ever came to Foochow. Skilled in her profession,
+kind and patient, Christlike in spirit, one of their very own, her
+influence cannot be measured.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40" />At about this time Dr. H&uuml; was honoured by being appointed by His
+Excellency, Li Hung Chang, as one of the two delegates from China to the
+Women's Congress held in London in 1898. But she was very seriously ill
+with pneumonia that year, and for weeks it was feared that she could not
+recover. A letter from Mrs. Lacy, then living in Foochow, reads: &quot;Dr. H&uuml;
+King Eng has been lying at the gates of death for nearly three weeks. Dr.
+Lyon said she was beyond all human aid. Most earnest and constant prayers
+by the native Christians have been offered in her behalf. We are glad to
+report a decided improvement in her condition although she is by no means
+out of danger yet. Dr. H&uuml; is a very valuable worker, not only a most
+successful physician, but a very superior instructor in medicine, and is
+very greatly beloved by both natives and foreigners, and it does not seem
+as if she could be spared. We can but believe that God is going to honour
+the faith of His children and raise her up to do yet greater service for
+Him.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Gradually health and strength came back, and the next year it was reported
+that Dr. H&uuml; had sufficiently recovered her health to teach one class in the
+Girls' Boarding School. A trip to the home of a married sister in Amoy,
+which gave her a sea voyage, and change of <a name="Page_41" id="Page_41" />air and scene, completed her
+recovery and in 1899 she was strong enough to take charge of the Woolston
+Memorial Hospital.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 626px;">
+<a href="images/img02.jpg"><img src="images/img02_th.jpg" width="626" height="400" alt="Dr. H&uuml;&#39;s Medical Students" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>Dr. H&uuml;&#39;s Medical Students</b>
+</div>
+
+<p>The Foochow Hospital for women and children is situated on Nan Tai Island,
+three miles from the walled city of Foochow. The physicians had long felt
+the need of a similar work within the city walls, and a few years before
+Dr. H&uuml;'s return from America, work had been undertaken in the city. A small
+building was erected, in which forty in-patients could be accommodated.
+This little building was named the Woolston Memorial Hospital, and nurses
+from the Island hospital took turns in working in it, under the supervision
+of one of the physicians. But until Dr. H&uuml; took charge of the work, in
+1899, there had been no resident physician.</p>
+
+<p>Some years later, in telling of her appointment to this work, Dr. H&uuml; said:
+&quot;It is very different from what I had heard of the city people being proud
+and hard to manage. I am glad God created Lot. If he did not help any one
+else he surely helped me. At the time I said nothing and went, simply
+because I did not want to be like Lot. No one knows how I shrank when I was
+asked to work in the city; for when I thought of the place, the pitiful
+picture of the Island hospital students <a name="Page_42" id="Page_42" />would come most conspicuously
+before me. I can see them even now, wiping away the tears just as hard as
+they could when their turn came to go into the city; while the other
+students were like 'laughing Buddhas,' for their turn in the city hospital
+had expired. I am glad I can speak for myself to-day that in my five years'
+experience I have never had to shed a tear because the people were
+obstinate.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Nevertheless the first few months were not altogether easy ones. Dr. H&uuml;
+herself tells the story of the beginnings of the work: &quot;When I first took
+up my work in the city here, during the first few months what did I meet?
+People came and said that they wanted a foreign doctor. When our Bible
+woman told them that I had just returned from a foreign country, and that I
+knew foreign medicine, what was the immediate reply which I heard? 'No, I
+don't want a Chinese student, but I want a foreign doctor.' It made my
+Bible woman indignant, but by this time I usually stepped out and told them
+just where to go to find the foreign doctors. It surprised my hospital
+people that instead of feeling hurt I would do what I did.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>It was only a few months, however, before the city people discovered that
+this &quot;Chinese student&quot; was a most valuable member of the <a name="Page_43" id="Page_43" />community. By
+summer the work of the little hospital was so prosperous that Dr. H&uuml;
+decided to keep the dispensary open for three mornings a week, even after
+the intense heat had necessitated the closing of the hospital proper. Some
+of the patients signified their approval of this decision by renting rooms
+in the neighbourhood, in order to be able to attend the dispensary on the
+open days.</p>
+
+<p>During this first year of work in the Woolston Hospital Dr. H&uuml; had two
+medical students in training, who also assisted her in the hospital work,
+one of them her younger sister, H&uuml; Seuk Eng. She speaks warmly of their
+work among the patients, and of the patients' appreciation of what was done
+for them. &quot;Very frequently,&quot; she wrote at the close of the year, &quot;I hear
+the patients say, 'Truly my own parents, brothers, and sisters could never
+be so good, so patient, and do so carefully for us; especially when we are
+so filthy and foul in these sore places. Yes, this religion must be better
+than ours.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Thus, although the work was begun in fear and trembling, and the young
+physician had some obstacles to overcome, she treated 2,620 patients during
+the first year, and was able to report a most encouraging outlook at its
+close.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44" />IV</h3>
+
+<h3>THE BELOVED PHYSICIAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>As Dr. H&uuml;'s work grew it fell into four main divisions; the dispensary
+work, the work among the hospital patients, visits to the homes of those
+too ill to come to her, and the superintendence of the training of medical
+students. The city hospital has been crowded almost from the very outset.
+The situation was somewhat relieved in 1904, by the building of a house for
+Dr. H&uuml; on Black Rock Hill. This enabled her to move out of the hospital and
+thus enlarged the space available for patients; but the additional space
+was soon filled and the building was as crowded as before. Dr. H&uuml; is
+utilizing the building to the best possible advantage. One of her fellow
+missionaries writes that every department is as well arranged as in any
+hospital she has ever seen; every nook and corner is clean and tidy,
+students are happy, helpful, and studious, and patients are cared for both
+physically and spiritually.</p>
+
+<p>The hospital records hold many a story of <a name="Page_45" id="Page_45" />those who found both physical
+and spiritual healing during their stay there. One day a woman over fifty,
+whose husband and son had died while she was very young, came to the
+hospital for treatment. When she was only twenty-two, crushed by her grief,
+and feeling, as she said, that there was no more pleasure in this world for
+her, she made a solemn vow before the idols that she would be a vegetarian
+for the rest of her life, hoping in this way to obtain reward in the next
+life. At the time she came to the hospital she had kept this vow sacredly
+for nearly thirty years, being so scrupulous in her observance of it that
+she even used her own cooking utensils in the hospital, lest some particle
+of animal matter should have adhered to the others and thus contaminate her
+food. She was so unostentatious about it, however, that Dr. H&uuml; did not know
+she was a vegetarian until she prescribed milk for her.</p>
+
+<p>While in the hospital this woman was greatly surprised to hear, in morning
+prayers every day, that which she could but admit was better than her old
+belief. Day by day she compared the Christian teaching with her old
+religion, until finally one morning, after she had been in the hospital
+about a week, she went to Dr. H&uuml; after the service, and said:<a name="Page_46" id="Page_46" /> &quot;Doctor,
+your religion is better than mine. I want to be a Christian, but very
+unfortunately I have made a solemn vow to idols, and now, if I should
+change my faith, these idols would punish me, my children, and children's
+children.&quot; The doctor assured her that she need not be afraid, since the
+idols to which she had made her vow were only wood and stone, powerless to
+harm her. She went off comforted, and a few hours later she created
+tremendous excitement through the hospital by preparing and eating the
+first meal of meat she had had for almost thirty years. Some of the
+patients were much frightened, for the vegetarian vow is considered a most
+sacred one which, when broken, can never be made again, and they feared
+that some dire calamity would overtake her. Nothing worse occurred,
+however, than an attack of indigestion, the natural consequence of too free
+indulgence in the flesh pots after so many years of abstinence; and the
+dauntless old lady announced her intention of enjoying many a similar meal
+in the days to come.</p>
+
+<p>Her home was at some distance, and after she left the hospital nothing more
+was seen of her until three years later, when she appeared one day,
+bringing with her several patients for treatment. She had gained so much
+<a name="Page_47" id="Page_47" />flesh, and looked so well, that she had to tell the doctor who she was.
+She said that after she went home, and her vegetarian friends saw the
+dishes of meat on her table and realized that she had broken her sacred
+vow, they were indignant and alarmed, and would have nothing to do with
+her. But within the previous year some of them had gradually begun to come
+to see her again. &quot;I felt badly for their ignorance,&quot; she said, &quot;but, oh, I
+was very glad to have the opportunity to tell them of what you had told me
+when I was converted.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>At one time a former patient of the doctor's, who belonged to a prominent
+family in the city, brought an old man of seventy-one for treatment. The
+rule of the hospital is that only women and children shall be received as
+in-patients, so the doctor directed him to go to Dr. Kinnear's hospital.
+But the old man looked greatly disappointed and begged pitifully: &quot;I am a
+poor old man and my limb is very painful; <i>I-seng</i> (doctor), do help me and
+have mercy upon me. Do not look upon me as a man, but a child.&quot; The
+doctor's tender heart finally prevailed and she made an exception of him.
+When the old man was cured he came back to the hospital regularly, every
+day, for the morning service. After listening <a name="Page_48" id="Page_48" />attentively for a few weeks,
+he said to the doctor, &quot;<i>I-seng</i>, I truly know this is a good religion and
+is just what I want, and I have decided to bow down to this very God.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>His health did not improve as rapidly as the doctor thought it should; and
+upon making careful inquiries she learned that it was because the small
+amount of money which it was possible for him to earn, was not sufficient
+to provide him with the nourishing food he needed. She at once gave him
+some money, telling him to buy the sort of food which would build-up his
+strength, and not to tell any one that he had been given this help. But
+this was altogether too much to ask of the grateful old man, and &quot;he went
+out and began to publish it.&quot; The family who had sent him to the doctor
+were much touched by this fresh evidence of her kindness, and thereafter
+they sent their son with the old man to the morning services each day,
+saying: &quot;The Christian doctor is so good and kind. She has not only treated
+this poor man free of charge but has helped him with money. Surely this
+religion must be good.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Often patients come from far away villages to enter the hospital. One young
+girl from a town many miles up the Min River, who became a happy, eager
+Christian in the hospital, <a name="Page_49" id="Page_49" />went home with the hope of coming back to study
+in the Girls' Boarding School the next year. She was very eager to tell the
+people of her village, in the meantime, of the glad truths she had learned.
+&quot;I will be the only Christian in the village,&quot; she said. &quot;How I wish Dr. H&uuml;
+and Lau Sing-sang Moing (the Bible woman) would come and tell my people
+about the new religion. I will tell them all I know, but I don't know very
+much.&quot; One case is related of an old woman with double cataracts, whose son
+brought her on a wheelbarrow a distance of several hundred miles to consult
+Dr. H&uuml;. The doctor performed a successful operation, restoring the woman's
+sight, and thereby earning the title of &quot;The Miracle Lady.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>A large work is done every year in the dispensary, where Dr. H&uuml; receives
+patients each morning. This work has grown from 1,837 cases the first year
+to 24,091 in 1910, and has made literally thousands of friends for the
+doctor and her work. When she planned to erect the little building in which
+she lives on Black Rock Hill many people told her that they were sure the
+priests, especially those of the Black Rock Hill temple, would strongly
+object to the erection of a mission building on that site, which was
+considered a particu<a name="Page_50" id="Page_50" />larly sacred one. But Dr. H&uuml; felt no anxiety in regard
+to that, for the priests had been coming to the dispensary for treatment
+for some months previous to the time of beginning the building. &quot;Some have
+come from Singapore monastery,&quot; she wrote, &quot;others from Kushan, still
+others from those in our own city. Thank God that their illnesses were
+quickly healed.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>She tells of one of the Singapore priests who was so grateful to be well
+again that he came to the hospital one morning, dressed as for some
+festival occasion, and bringing with him two boxes of cakes and two Chinese
+scrolls, the Chinese characters of which he had himself written. These he
+presented to Dr. H&uuml; with his lowest bow, saying, &quot;If I had not come to you
+and taken your medicine I would have been dead, or at least I would not be
+able to go back to Singapore.&quot; Many priests even came to the morning
+services and listened attentively to what was said there.</p>
+
+<p>A somewhat incidental but very useful work carried on largely in the
+dispensary, by the Bible women, is a crusade against foot-binding. Dr. H&uuml;'s
+useful life, and the important part her strong, natural feet play in it, is
+a most effective object-lesson; and the annual reports usually record a
+goodly number of <a name="Page_51" id="Page_51" />those who have unbound their feet during the year.</p>
+
+<p>The most difficult part of the work is that of visiting the sick in their
+homes, both because of the great distances that have to be covered, and
+because in many cases the doctor is not called except as a last resort. One
+of Dr. H&uuml;'s reports reads: &quot;I am very sorry that we do not yet have foreign
+vehicles, railroads, or street cars. It takes much time to go from one
+place to another. Fortunately my Chinese people live near together, with
+their relatives, so when I am invited to go to see one case I often have to
+prescribe for sixteen or twenty cases before my return.&quot; Often when the
+doctor answers a call she finds that the patient has been ill for a long
+time, while the relatives have been seeking to obtain help from the Chinese
+doctor or from idols. She herself shall tell the story of an experience of
+this kind:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;Last week I was called to see a woman very ill with cholera. Her
+    people had had all known doctors, both in and out of the city, and
+    had consulted with and begged many idols to heal her, but the woman
+    had grown worse and worse, until, when she was apparently hopeless,
+    having been unconscious for two days, one of the doctors suggested
+    <a name="Page_52" id="Page_52" />to try me. I went at once, and found the room crowded with friends
+    and relatives. They could not tell me fast enough what a good and
+    filial woman she was, but that the idols had said certain spirits
+    wanted her, and no amount of offerings could buy her back again. I
+    told them that the woman was <i>very</i> ill, and that I feared it was
+    too late for my medicine to help her. Many voices replied, 'We
+    know, we know, and if she dies we will not blame you.' With a
+    prayer, and three doses of medicine left for the woman to take, we
+    left them.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;That afternoon her husband came to report that she was better. I
+    went to see her and to my great surprise she <i>was</i> better. While
+    there a famous idol arrived to drive out the evil spirit. I said,
+    'Do you want me, or do you want the idols? We cannot work
+    together.' They insisted that I continue to prepare my medicine and
+    said that the idol could wait. He did wait twenty minutes, and I
+    have been told since that no one ever dared to ask an idol to wait
+    before. Before leaving they promised me that the idol should not go
+    near, or do anything outrageous to the woman. This is now the tenth
+    day and the woman seems to have quite recovered.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;The woman's husband came yesterday and told me that not only he,
+    but many friends and relatives, were convinced that the idols were
+    false; for one idol would give one cause for the illness of his
+    wife, and another idol would give another cause; while once they
+    did <a name="Page_53" id="Page_53" />not give the medicine sent by an idol and he (the medium) said
+    later, 'The medicine has done her good.' The husband said, 'We see
+    plainly that my wife was saved by your God, by you, and your
+    medicine.'&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>While Dr. H&uuml; has done a great deal of work for the poor, her practice is by
+no means limited to that class, for she is often called to the homes of the
+official and wealthy classes. One grateful husband, whose wife and baby Dr.
+H&uuml; had saved, told her that he would not only give money towards her new
+hospital himself, but would also help her to obtain subscriptions from his
+friends. &quot;Chinese doctors have learned to use clinical thermometers,&quot; he
+observed, &quot;but the Chinese medicine does not seem to fit the foreign
+thermometer, for the patients do not seem to get well as with the foreign
+medicine.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The first student to receive a diploma from the Woolston Memorial Hospital
+was Dr. H&uuml;'s sister, H&uuml; Seuk Eng, who graduated in April, 1902. The
+graduation exercises, held in the Sing Bo Ting Ancestral Hall, which was
+willingly loaned for the occasion, created a keen interest, and numbers of
+the city people gathered to witness proceedings so unusual. Many of them
+said, &quot;This is the first time a Christian service was ever held in a
+temple.&quot;<a name="Page_54" id="Page_54" /> But what was even more wonderful to them was the revelation of
+the possibilities of Chinese young womanhood which they received. Dr. H&uuml;
+wrote that after the exercises an official who lived near by announced: &quot;I
+will buy a girl seven or eight years old and I will have a tutor for her.
+Then I will send her to the Girls' Boarding School to study, and then she
+may go to Dr. H&uuml; to study medicine. Then she will go to Sing Bo Ting
+Ancestral Temple, too, to receive her diploma. Besides, we will all be
+Christians.&quot; Others were heard to exclaim, &quot;Who knew girls could do so much
+good to the world&mdash;more than our boys!&quot;</p>
+
+<p>When the exercises were over, greatly to Seuk Eng's surprise, her sedan
+chair was escorted all the way back to the hospital, to the accompaniment
+of the popping of hundreds of fire-crackers, set off in her honour. A
+Chinese feast was prepared for the guests in the hospital, after which
+another unexpected explosion of congratulatory fire-crackers took place.
+Thus ended in true Chinese fashion, amid noise and smoke, the first
+graduation exercises of the Woolston Memorial Hospital.</p>
+
+<p>They were by no means the last, however, for this department of work has
+been steadily carried on ever since Dr. H&uuml; took charge of <a name="Page_55" id="Page_55" />the hospital. In
+1904 she reported: &quot;Our little medical school is getting on nicely. The
+success of the school is mostly due to our good teacher and the students
+themselves, who have a great desire to learn. They have had written
+examinations this year; the highest general average was 98 and the lowest
+85. Can any one dare to think, 'What is the use to teach these Chinese
+people?'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Dr. H&uuml; wrote of the commencement exercises of the class graduating the
+following year: &quot;Quite a number of the gentry, and the teachers of the
+government schools for young men, had asked to come to attend the
+graduating exercises; and of course we were very much pleased to have them.
+They did seem to enjoy it very much. Some of them have told my friends that
+they were surprised and delighted to see that their countrywomen could be
+so brave and do so well. They also wished that their students might have
+come to see and to listen for themselves. One of the gentry decided that
+day that his daughter should come to us to study medicine.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Up to this time no girl who did not have a diploma from a mission school
+had been admitted to the medical course of the Woolston Hospital. But in
+1906, yielding to the great desire of many other young women to take
+<a name="Page_56" id="Page_56" />medical training, Dr. H&uuml; opened the course to any who could pass an
+examination on certain subjects which she considered essential
+prerequisites to a medical course. Four of the seven who presented
+themselves for examination were passed; only one was a Christian girl, two
+were daughters-in-law of officials, the other a daughter of one of the
+gentry.</p>
+
+<p>An extract from the examination paper of one of them shows the real
+earnestness of purpose with which the work was undertaken. The first
+question asked was, &quot;Please give your reasons for coming to study
+medicine?&quot; &quot;Alas, the women of my country are forgotten in the minds of the
+intellectual world. How could they think of a subject as important as the
+education of medicine! The result is that many lives are lost, simply on
+account of no women physicians for women. Though mission hospitals for
+women and children have been established for a number of years in the
+Fuhkien province they are far less than we need. For this reason I have a
+great desire for a medical education, hoping that I may be able to help,
+and to save my fellow sisters from suffering. It is for this reason I dare
+to apply for this instruction.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The graduates of the medical course are as yet not great in numbers, but
+they are doing <a name="Page_57" id="Page_57" />earnest, efficient work. Some of them have remained in the
+hospital as assistants or matrons. Of a recent graduating class, one went
+to the Methodist hospital in Ngu-cheng to assist Dr. Li Bi Cu, the
+physician in charge; another went to a large village, to be the only
+physician practising Western medicine; the third to Tientsin, as an
+assistant in the Imperial Peiyang Woman's Medical College.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58" />V</h3>
+
+<h3>THE FAVOUR OF THE PEOPLE</h3>
+
+
+<p>As shown by the glimpses of Dr. H&uuml;'s work which have been given
+evangelistic work is carried on in conjunction with the medical work.
+Christian services are held each morning, and are attended by the
+dispensary patients, those of the hospital patients who are able to be up,
+the servants, and usually, also, by a number of visitors. The first year
+after taking charge of the hospital Dr. H&uuml; was able to report: &quot;Not only
+some of the in-patients, but also some of our morning dispensary patients,
+were converted and joined the church on probation. We are rejoicing over
+the fact that all the hospital servants, all my own servants, and also our
+teacher, have given their hearts to Christ. They said before a chapel full
+of patients in one of our morning services, that they would from that day
+on try to be Christians and to live a good life. So far (six months) they
+have proved themselves to be in earnest.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>A few years later she writes: &quot;In our morn<a name="Page_59" id="Page_59" />ing prayers I have often looked
+and seen a chapel full of people. I have carefully looked over the crowd
+and I could easily recognize those who have just come to us, others who
+have been here longer. You wonder how I know it? Well, their faces show.
+Oftentimes our patients listen so attentively that they forget they are in
+a crowd. Sometimes one, two, three, or even more, speak up with one voice,
+'The Jesus doctrine is truly good. What the leader said is nothing but the
+truth. Idols are false.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>In addition to the morning services Christian work is constantly done by
+the Bible women who work in connection with the hospital. They hold
+meetings in the hospital wards, teach the hospital patients to read the
+Bible, do personal work among those waiting their turn in the dispensary,
+and visit in the homes. One of the missionaries who is a frequent visitor
+to the hospital says: &quot;No hour of the week brings more fully the joy of
+service than the hour I spend in the City Hospital with the poor sick folk
+there. They are always so glad to hear, and so responsive. No wonder the
+Master loved to heal; and no wonder the Christian physician finds so many
+open doors.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>It is not to be wondered at that those who <a name="Page_60" id="Page_60" />have been ministered to by this
+tender, skilful Christian woman, and have watched her happy, busy life
+poured out in the service of the suffering ones about her, have become
+convinced that the beautiful doctrine which she teaches and lives is true.
+Every year the hospital reports contain a record of those who have become
+Christians during the year as a result of the medical work. Moreover, the
+seeds sown in the early years of the hospital, some of which seemed to have
+fallen on rocky ground, were not all in vain. Dr. H&uuml;'s sister, reporting
+the work of 1908, writes: &quot;After careful investigation we found that those
+seeds were sown deep enough, and with such attention, that even though
+seven, eight, or nine years have passed they are to-day still germinating,
+growing, and bearing fruit. After hearing and accepting the gospel, their
+lives are changed. They become brighter and more straightforward, and have
+a love for other people.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Christmas is a great event in the Woolston Memorial Hospital, not only for
+the patients and workers, but also for as many of the neighbours as can be
+accommodated in the chapel. There is never any difficulty with regard to
+unwilling guests; on the contrary, the neighbours invariably respond with
+almost disconcerting enthusiasm. The first year that <a name="Page_61" id="Page_61" />they were invited
+to the Christmas exercises, red Chinese cards, reading &quot;Admit one only,&quot;
+were distributed to one hundred and twenty families, one to each house, the
+choice of the member who should use it being left to the family. Careful
+explanations as to why all could not be invited were made; but in spite of
+this, during the days preceding Christmas, the doctor was besieged by the
+non-elect with requests for invitations.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 626px;">
+<a href="images/img03.jpg"><img src="images/img03_th.jpg" width="626" height="400" alt="Dr. H&uuml;&#39;s Christmas Party" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>Dr. H&uuml;&#39;s Christmas Party</b>
+</div>
+
+<p>The guests were invited for half-past seven Christmas evening, but the
+great majority of them were on hand at four o'clock waiting for the doors
+to be opened. When they were opened, and the guests began to pass in,
+presenting their red tickets, a new predicament arose; for it was
+discovered that many of these tickets were of their own manufacture, the
+number of those which were passed in far exceeding the number of those
+which had been given out. But when the doctor looked over the crowds, and
+saw how eager they were to get in, and how good-natured they were, she had
+not the heart to turn them away, so told the gatekeepers to let them in as
+long as they could find a place in which to stand. And although the chapel
+was crowded to its utmost seating and standing capacity, even the basement
+and the yard outside being filled, Dr.<a name="Page_62" id="Page_62" /> H&uuml; said that no better behaved or
+more quiet crowd could have been desired. They listened attentively to the
+exercises, which were fully two hours long, and at the close, group by
+group, they all went up to thank the doctor for the pleasure she had
+provided for them, and then quietly dispersed.</p>
+
+<p>Tea, cakes, and oranges had been provided for the invited guests, but as
+more than twice the number invited had arrived, it was found necessary to
+omit that part of the entertainment. However, the doctor sent her servants
+the following day to distribute the cakes and fruits among those for whom
+they had been provided. That the guests had enjoyed themselves was evident
+when the next Christmas drew near, for many either sent to Dr. H&uuml;, or came
+themselves, to remind her not to forget to invite them to the Christmas
+entertainment. Nor did a single guest fail to appear on Christmas evening.</p>
+
+<p>If a physician's chief reward is the gratitude and appreciation of those
+among whom he works, Dr. H&uuml; is indeed rewarded for her self-forgetful
+service of those whom she lovingly terms &quot;my Chinese.&quot; Appreciation of the
+work she is doing is convincingly shown by the way in which the people
+flock to her, and in their great eagerness to have the hospital <a name="Page_63" id="Page_63" />kept open
+the year around. This has proved to be impossible, although every summer
+Dr. H&uuml; has made an effort to continue the work, being willing to toil even
+through the intense heat of July and August, and, since the students must
+be given a vacation, with only half her usual corps of assistants. One
+summer she wrote with gratitude that the thermometer in her bedroom
+registered only 93&deg; that day, after two weeks of 99&deg; and even 100&deg;, and
+added, &quot;It would do you good if you could see how grateful these people are
+to see us keeping our hospital open; and we are very glad to be able to do
+something for them in this very trying hot season.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>But the intense heat of a South China summer and the things that it brings
+with it, make it impossible to keep the work going continuously in the
+present crowded quarters. Often it is the dreaded plague which necessitates
+the closing of the hospital doors. One morning Dr. H&uuml; heard that the
+neighbour directly across the street from the hospital had been stricken
+with this fatal disease. She closed the hospital at once, and put up a
+notice telling the patients why it was necessary to close, and assuring
+them that she would begin work again as soon as it was safe to do so. The
+next morning the notice had disappeared, <a name="Page_64" id="Page_64" />and another one which was put up
+disappeared as promptly. An explanation of this was afforded Dr. H&uuml;, by a
+remark which she overheard: &quot;How can we stand having this hospital closed?
+We took the notice down in hope that the hospital would be opened.&quot; But
+when the plague is prevalent, the closing of the hospital is the only safe
+course to pursue; for one person, coming into the dispensary suffering from
+this disease, may do more harm in a few minutes than could be undone in
+many weeks.</p>
+
+<p>A common and gracious way of expressing appreciation in China is the
+presentation of an honorary tablet, to be set up in one's reception room,
+on which is written an appreciation of the achievements of the recipient.
+These are constantly bestowed upon Dr. H&uuml; by those patients who are wealthy
+enough to express their gratitude in this fashion.</p>
+
+<p>A few years ago fire broke out in the middle of the night not far from the
+hospital. It burned up to the west wall of the hospital and all along the
+length of the wall, completely destroying all the houses in front of it.
+Then it was that the Chinese gave expression in very concrete form to their
+appreciation of their fellow-countrywoman, and the work which she was doing
+in that hospital. Dr. H&uuml; <a name="Page_65" id="Page_65" />says that the building might have been reduced to
+ashes in a moment had it not been for the faithful efforts of those who
+&quot;were more willing to have their faces scorched and burned than to leave
+their work undone,&quot; and who laboured to such effect that nothing but the
+roof was seriously damaged. After the danger was over the people poured in
+to express their sympathy, and offer their congratulations that the damage
+was no greater, some of them bringing pots of tea and dishes of food. &quot;This
+may not seem very wonderful to the people in a Christian country,&quot; says Dr.
+H&uuml;, &quot;but if you knew how the people usually are treated at such times you
+will agree with me when I say 'Wonderful.'&quot; Fire is usually interpreted as
+an expression of the displeasure of the gods, and it is considered discreet
+not to interfere.</p>
+
+<p>Appreciation of Dr. H&uuml;'s work is not limited to any one class of people.
+One day when she was watching the laying of the foundation of her home on
+Black Rock Hill, many of the people who lived near were gathered around,
+and she thought it would be a good opportunity to see how they felt about
+her coming there. So she asked an old &quot;literary man&quot; standing near her,
+&quot;Ibah, are you glad to see us building? We will soon be your neighbours.&quot;<a name="Page_66" id="Page_66" />
+Without any hesitation he replied, while the others signified hearty
+approval of his remarks: &quot;We are all delighted. It is a hospital, and very
+different from building a church. <i>I-seng</i> (doctor), you have made many
+cures in our families. Of course you don't remember us, but even after the
+transmigration to either dog or hog we will remember you. You may be sure
+you are welcomed, only we are not good enough to be your neighbours.&quot; After
+the doctor had left, her chair-bearers told her that the people really
+meant what they said; for they had heard them say similar things when she
+was not there. Dr. H&uuml; added, &quot;I do feel very sorry that these people are
+still ignorant that a mission hospital is a part of the church, but they
+will know some day.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Nor has appreciation of the work been limited to words. From the
+magistrates down, the Chinese have readily subscribed gifts of money to the
+hospital work. Even the Chinese physicians, who have found Dr. H&uuml;'s
+scientific training so formidable a rival to their practice, have exhibited
+a most friendly spirit. Dr. H&uuml; says of them: &quot;The Chinese doctors have
+bravely brought their patients for us to heal. Some of them are well-known
+doctors in the city here, so their coming to us helps our <a name="Page_67" id="Page_67" />work a good
+deal. These doctors are not at all conceited. They talk very openly and
+frankly before everybody.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>That Dr. H&uuml; is genuinely loved by her patients, and not valued simply as
+one from whom benefits are received, was evidenced during her mother's long
+last illness. During the many months when her mother was so ill, the doctor
+made the long trip of several miles, from her hospital to her home, almost
+every night, returning each day for her morning clinics. This, and her care
+of her mother, added to all her other work, made such heavy days that the
+patients often said: &quot;Dr. H&uuml; must be very tired. We must save her from
+working too hard.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>This, however, is more easily said than done; for Dr. H&uuml;'s sympathetic
+heart makes it very hard for her to spare herself as long as any one needs
+her help. For nine years after taking charge of the Woolston Memorial
+Hospital she worked almost unceasingly, with practically no vacations
+except those caused by the necessity of closing the hospital in the summer,
+and these she made as brief as possible. But during all this time the work
+had been steadily increasing, until finally, in 1907, when the number who
+thronged the hospital and dispensary was greater than ever before, the
+<a name="Page_68" id="Page_68" />doctor's health broke down under the strain, and, although with the
+greatest reluctance, she was forced to stop work. Her fellow-missionaries
+insisted that she leave the city during the terrific heat of summer, and go
+to Sharp Peak for some rest. She had been there only two days when she was
+taken dangerously ill, and for weeks and months the gravest anxiety was
+felt concerning her. But she received the best of care and nursing, and
+finally, in March of the following year, she began gradually to recover.</p>
+
+<p>Some advised that the hospital be closed. But Dr. H&uuml;'s younger sister, H&uuml;
+Seuk Eng, who had received her medical training in the Woolston Memorial
+Hospital under Dr. H&uuml; King Eng, and had been associated with her sister in
+the hospital work for some years, said that to close the hospital would be
+a great shock to Dr. H&uuml;, and a bitter disappointment to the people, and
+that she would undertake to keep it open. &quot;The load was indeed very heavy
+and my heart was truly frightened,&quot; she admitted afterward. &quot;Every day I
+just repeated that comforting verse, 'He leadeth me,' and marched forward.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>At first the people did not have the confidence in H&uuml; Seuk Eng which they
+had in Dr. H&uuml; King Eng. H&uuml; Seuk Eng tells of their <a name="Page_69" id="Page_69" />great eagerness to see
+her sister: &quot;The faith of many of the patients has been so strong that they
+thought their illness would at once be cured, or at least lessened, if they
+could only touch Dr. H&uuml;'s garment or hear her voice, or merely look into
+her face. During these months of sickness many people came wishing to see
+'the great Dr. H&uuml;.' They did not want to see me, whom they termed 'the
+little Dr. H&uuml;.' Some of the leading gentry pleaded with the hospital
+servants to present their cards to Dr. H&uuml;, and she would be sure to come
+out to see their sick friends. For it is fully nine years since she was
+appointed to take charge of this city work, and never once has she been so
+ill. Indeed, it is the first time she has not been able to respond to
+pressing calls for medical treatment. So often were heard the words, 'I
+want the doctor whose hair is dressed on the top of her head and who has
+graduated from an American college,' that my fellow workers advised the
+same coiffure in order to avoid trouble; but I told them when the question
+was asked again just to answer, 'This is Dr. H&uuml;'s younger sister, and she
+will do the best she can.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>As Dr. H&uuml; grew stronger she was able to consult with her sister as to the
+hospital work; the nurses and students gave the young physi<a name="Page_70" id="Page_70" />cian
+whole-hearted co-operation; and in time of need Dr. Kinnear, of the
+American Board, whose hospital is not far away, was always ready to advise
+and help. Thus the hospital work was successfully carried on under the
+&quot;Great Dr. H&uuml;'s sister, Dr. H&uuml; No. 2,&quot; until Dr. H&uuml; King Eng was again able
+to take charge of it.</p>
+
+<p>As busy as ever, Dr. H&uuml; is back at her work with renewed strength. &quot;I just
+'look up and lend a hand,'&quot; she says, in the words of the motto of The
+King's Daughters' Society of her college. But hundreds and thousands of the
+suffering ones of her country rise up to call her blessed for the loving,
+skilful ministry of that hand which has been lent to their needs untiringly
+for many years, and which they hope will be their strength and comfort for
+years to come.</p>
+
+<p>That her friends in America recognize the splendid service she is rendering
+in China, is evidenced by the fact that at its last Commencement her Alma
+Mater, Ohio Wesleyan University, conferred upon her the honorary degree of
+Master of Science.<a name="Page_71" id="Page_71" /></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>
+MRS. AHOK</h3>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Mrs Ahok chapter">
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>I.</td>
+    <td align='left' class="smcap"><a href="#Page_73">The Mistress of a Home of
+      Wealth</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>II.</td>
+    <td align='left' class="smcap"><a href="#Page_82">Work Among the Women of
+      the Upper Classes</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>III.</td>
+    <td align='left' class="smcap"><a href="#Page_90">A Journey to England</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>IV.</td>
+    <td align='left' class="smcap"><a href="#Page_101">Patient in Tribulation</a></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72" /><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73" /></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<a href="images/img04.jpg"><img src="images/img04_th.jpg" width="400" height="632" alt="Mrs. Ahok and Her Two Granddaughters" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>Mrs. Ahok and Her Two Granddaughters</b>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>MRS. AHOK</h2>
+
+<h3>I</h3>
+
+<h3>THE MISTRESS OF A HOME OF WEALTH</h3>
+
+
+<p>One of the most prominent men in Foochow during the latter half of the last
+century was Mr. Ahok, a wealthy Chinese merchant. One who had known him for
+years speaks of him as &quot;a man of remarkable business integrity and
+generosity of nature.&quot; He was very friendly to the Americans and English
+living in Foochow, and Dr. Baldwin, of the Methodist Mission, was, during
+all his stay in China, Mr. Ahok's most trusted friend and adviser. Mrs.
+Baldwin gives a very attractive picture of this Chinese gentleman:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;When any great calamity through fire or flood came to the people,
+    he was quick to respond with the most liberal aid; and I have known
+    him in times of cholera or epidemic sickness to have thousands of
+    packages of medicine put up by our foreign physicians, for him to
+    give to the sick people. In all our <a name="Page_74" id="Page_74" />acquaintance with him I never
+    knew him to turn a deaf ear to an appeal for help; in a
+    neighbouring city he supported alone a foundling asylum, in which
+    were one hundred little castaway girls to whom he supplied nurses,
+    clothing, etc., and he assured us that no one besides Mr. Baldwin
+    and myself knew of it. He had for some time been accustomed to come
+    to advise and consult Mr. Baldwin on various matters, and when
+    going away would give him a power of attorney to sign for the
+    firm.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>When Mr. Ahok was married, he urged Dr. and Mrs. Baldwin to be present at
+the ceremony, and gave them the privilege of bringing foreign friends with
+them if they so desired. His wife was a member of a family of high rank,
+the sister of a mandarin, and the possessor of an aristocratic little foot
+two inches and a half long. Outside of those educated in the mission
+schools, she was the first Chinese woman that Mrs. Baldwin had met who
+could read and write. One day not long after the wedding, Dr. Baldwin met
+Mr. Ahok, and disregarding the Chinese custom which makes it a breach of
+etiquette to inquire after a man's wife, asked about Mrs. Ahok. Mr. Ahok at
+once answered with evident pride, &quot;She all the same one mandarin; she reads
+books all the day.&quot; He was very proud of her unusual ability, and the
+confidence and sympa<a name="Page_75" id="Page_75" />thy which soon existed between him and his wife was
+much greater than is usual in a non-Christian home in China. Mrs. Ahok
+shared her husband's warm feeling for his foreign friends. The words of
+Mrs. Baldwin, who knew her intimately, characterize her well:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;She was, from my first meeting with her, ever a friend of me and
+    mine.... She was a woman of strong character, of fine personal
+    appearance, always attired in elegant dress, and so perfect in her
+    observance of the elaborate code of Chinese etiquette that it was
+    ever a marvel to me how she remembered the smallest details of the
+    exacting courtesy, never failing to meet the terse and telling
+    instruction of the standard book on etiquette for girls and women,
+    'As a guest demand nothing, as a hostess exhaust courtesy....' The
+    better I knew her the more I esteemed her.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>Mr. Ahok had two beautiful homes in Foochow; one a very fine Chinese house,
+the other an English residence, elegantly furnished with carpets, pictures,
+piano, and all other foreign furnishings required for comfort and beauty.
+In these two homes he and his wife entertained with great hospitality. Mrs.
+Baldwin says that she has often seen almost the entire foreign community of
+Foochow, officials, missionaries, and business people, entertained in the
+Ahoks' home, sometimes in Chinese fashion, <a name="Page_76" id="Page_76" />sometimes in foreign. It is, of
+course, contrary to Chinese custom for the mistress of the home to appear
+before gentlemen outside of her own family. Mrs. Ahok, however, knowing
+that it was the custom in England and America for the hostess to dispense
+hospitality to her guests, gradually accustomed herself to appearing as
+hostess at all gatherings where there were foreign guests; first at small
+dinners, and later in larger companies. One who was a frequent guest in the
+home says, &quot;It was a constant surprise to me to see this Chinese lady, so
+accustomed to seclusion, ever so modestly self-possessed, and in courteous,
+ladylike bearing, equal to every occasion.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>But although ready to conform to foreign custom when entertaining foreign
+guests in her home, it was several years before Mrs. Ahok was willing to
+attend similar gatherings in other homes. She frequently called at the home
+of her friend, Mrs. Baldwin, but never when there were strangers there. On
+one occasion when Mrs. Baldwin was entertaining a few guests at dinner, she
+invited Mr. Ahok to dine with them. He accepted readily, and Mrs. Baldwin
+went on to say: &quot;We very much desire that Mrs. Ahok should come with you.
+We know your customs, but you have known us for a long time. Cannot Mrs.
+Ahok make <a name="Page_77" id="Page_77" />an exception and come on this occasion?&quot; He seemed very much
+troubled and replied: &quot;I would very greatly like to have my wife come, and
+she would enjoy doing so, and if there were no one here but Mr. Baldwin and
+you she would come. But other men will be here, and if she came her chair
+bearers would know it and her name be injured.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>As has been seen, Mr. Ahok was always very friendly to the missionaries and
+in sympathy with their work. The Anglo-Chinese College of the Methodist
+Mission, for example, was made possible by his generous gift. But it was
+some years before he became a Christian. When the step was finally taken,
+however, he proved to be a most ardent worker, giving generously to the
+work of several denominations in various parts of China, holding Christian
+services in his home, and doing earnest personal work among those with whom
+he came in contact in the transaction of his business, both in Foochow and
+on his trips to other cities.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Ahok was a very devout Buddhist and had no desire at all to learn of
+Christianity. She was, however, eager to learn English, and consented to
+learn it through the Bible, since Miss Foster, the English missionary who
+had been asked to instruct her in English, would <a name="Page_78" id="Page_78" />consent to give time from
+her other work only on that condition. &quot;I have often found her with the
+house full of idols, incense being burned before them,&quot; reads a letter from
+one of her friends. &quot;Our hearts were often discouraged, fearing that this
+Chinese lady would always love the idols.&quot; Even after her husband had
+become a Christian Mrs. Ahok insisted that she would never forsake the
+worship of her ancestors and follow the foreign religion. &quot;But,&quot; said Mrs.
+Baldwin, &quot;I felt very sure that a woman of her mind and character would yet
+follow her husband into the better life. Within a year after, she became a
+most earnest, loving, working disciple of Christ, ready to deny herself and
+bear her cross in many ways most trying to a Chinese lady.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Both Mrs. Ahok and her husband had intense opposition to meet, for it was
+not to be expected that members of families of such high rank should
+forsake the religion of their fathers without encountering bitter protest
+from their kindred. The opposition of mother and mother-in-law, both of
+whom lived in the home with them, was especially hard to bear. Mrs. Ahok's
+mother was intensely hostile to Christianity, and did everything possible
+to make things so unpleasant for her daughter that she would renounce her
+new faith. Mr.<a name="Page_79" id="Page_79" /> Ahok's mother was no less opposed at first; but gradually
+she became more willing to learn about Christianity, and for some time
+alternated between her idol worship and the Sunday and mid-week services
+and family prayers which Mr. Ahok held in his home. At length, after having
+thus compared the two religions for some time, she announced: &quot;You may take
+my idol away. Hereafter your God shall be my God.&quot; From that time on she
+was a radiant Christian, and it was not long until Mrs. Ahok's mother
+followed her example.</p>
+
+<p>At the time of the death of Mr. Ahok's mother, there occurred an
+interesting example of the way in which a Chinese can become an earnest
+Christian without becoming less Chinese thereby. In that part of China the
+wealthy families, and many of those of the middle classes, begin on the
+seventh day after a death a series of &quot;meritorious&quot; ceremonies for the
+repose and general benefit of the soul of the departed. In one form or
+another the ceremonies are repeated every seventh day thereafter until the
+forty-ninth day. Buddhist or Taoist priests are hired to conduct the
+ceremonies. Mr. Ahok, probably partly that he might not antagonize his
+relatives and friends by a disregard of their funeral customs, partly
+because of the opportunity for spreading the <a name="Page_80" id="Page_80" />knowledge of Christianity
+thus afforded, followed the custom of having such a gathering every seventh
+day. But instead of non-Christian ceremonies being held, the truths of
+Christianity were preached.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Ahok proved to be as active a worker as was her husband. When she had
+been a Christian only a very short time, the leader for the Friday night
+meeting held in their home failed to arrive. Evidently her husband was away
+on one of his business trips, for there was no one else there who could
+take charge of the service. So Mrs. Ahok said, &quot;I will lead it, though I am
+not very well instructed in the doctrines of Christianity.&quot; In telling of
+it afterward she said: &quot;I read about the woman who lost the piece of money
+and took a candle and searched for it; and about the sheep that was lost
+and found; and then there was singing and prayer; and I spoke to them, and
+I was able to speak a great deal for them to hear. God helped me and
+blessed me greatly in the service.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Soon after she had become a Christian she wrote a letter to the Woman's
+Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Church, to be read at their
+annual meeting. In it she says: &quot;The time for your meeting is so near that
+thoughts of it are constantly in my heart....<a name="Page_81" id="Page_81" /> We have meetings in our
+<i>hong</i> (store), and also meetings in our house every Friday evening. The
+praise for leading us to know the doctrine, and open the meetings, is all
+due to the sisters who have not minded that the road to China led them so
+away from their own country, but have come to teach us of Christianity.
+Although I do not presume to say that my heart has been deeply sown with
+gospel seed, yet I know that it has been changed into a different heart....
+Now I send you this letter of greeting, thanking you for your favours, and
+praising you for your great virtues. May God bless your fervour and spread
+abroad the doctrine of Christianity in my country. This is what I always
+pray.&quot;</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82" />II</h3>
+
+<h3>WORK AMONG THE WOMEN OF THE UPPER CLASSES</h3>
+
+
+<p>Interested in every form of Christian service, Mrs. Ahok was especially
+eager to share the joy of her new-found faith with the women of her own
+class, the wealthy aristocratic ladies whose secluded lives were so barren
+and empty, and to whom it was so difficult for a missionary to obtain
+access. She threw herself with whole-hearted eagerness into the work of the
+Church of England Zenana Society, whose mission is to these very women, and
+many are the testimonies to the inestimable value of the work which she
+did. As one of the missionaries wrote: &quot;She is of immense usefulness in
+getting the houses open, as she knows the high-class families, and is
+intensely earnest herself that her fellow-countrywomen should receive the
+glad news too. Her knowledge of the endless Chinese etiquette and customs,
+too, is of great service.&quot; How difficult it would have been to carry on
+work of this kind successfully without the help <a name="Page_83" id="Page_83" />of a Chinese lady of the
+&quot;four hundred,&quot; can be judged from the accounts of the work which the
+missionaries wrote home from time to time.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 640px;">
+<a href="images/img05.jpg"><img src="images/img05_th.jpg" width="640" height="324" alt="Reception Rooms in Chinese Homes of Wealth" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>Reception Rooms in Chinese Homes of Wealth</b>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;We have paid our first visit to some of the rich families in the
+    city. Mrs. Ahok sent a coolie on the day before to ask if they
+    could see us, and they having signified their willingness, we
+    agreed to meet Mrs. Ahok and go with her. We had some dinner at 12
+    o'clock, as the city is so far away it takes a great deal of time
+    to go, and then started in our sedan chairs to meet Mrs. Ahok. We
+    found her ready, waiting for us, dressed in a most lovely coral
+    pink jacket, beautifully embroidered, and with very pretty
+    ornaments in her hair....&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;After an hour and a half's ride through the narrow, crowded
+    streets of the suburbs we reached the city gates; then through more
+    streets even more thronged, till we reached the house. We were
+    carried through the large outer door, then through a small
+    courtyard, and our chairs put down in a row facing the partition
+    which shut off the next portion of the house. There we had to sit
+    some little time, as I fancy the ladies had not quite finished
+    dressing, but at last out came one of the heads of the family and
+    invited us in. We got out of our chairs and in turn made a sort of
+    low bow to the newcomer, shaking our own hands (Chinese fashion)
+    all the time. This over, she escorted us into an inner room....
+    There was a rug on the floor, a round table, some very high chairs
+    with straight backs, and <a name="Page_84" id="Page_84" />some mirrors. We sat in state some few
+    minutes and then more ladies came in one after another, and each
+    one we had to salute in the same ceremonious way....&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;We had to drink tea when we first went in, and later quite a meal
+    was spread on the round table, cakes, fruits, and tea again. We sat
+    at the table with about three of the principal ladies, and the
+    others looked on. I was a good deal struck with the respectful way
+    the young women treat the older ones, always rising when they enter
+    the room, and remaining standing until they are seated.... We were
+    invited to go and inspect the house, and I was soon quite
+    bewildered at the number of courtyards with rooms all round, which
+    we were led through. I think I was never before in so large a house
+    in China, all one story, but it must cover a great deal of ground.
+    The number of people, too, seemed very great; wives, sons' wives,
+    brothers' wives, children in dozens and scores, servants and slave
+    girls to any number&mdash;altogether in that one establishment, one
+    hundred and twenty people.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;At last we finished our tour of inspection, and arrived again in
+    the inner court; but alas! more refreshments were waiting, a bowl
+    of soup for each of us, with some white stuff inside.... We got
+    through the greater part of the concoction, wiped our mouths with a
+    cloth wrung out in very hot water presented to us by a slave girl,
+    and began to take our leave, bowed to the ladies of the house,
+    begged them to be seated, informed them that we had <a name="Page_85" id="Page_85" />given them
+    much trouble, but felt grateful for their kindness, and amid
+    repeated requests to 'walk slowly, slowly,' we reached our chairs,
+    alternately calling our thanks, and requests to them to be seated.
+    It is a great thing, going with Mrs. Ahok, for one has a good
+    opportunity of learning many little customs which please them
+    greatly.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;We then proceeded to another house, where we went through much the
+    same etiquette. We were received by a very pleasant old lady and
+    her daughter-in-law, a nice young woman with four dear little
+    children, three of them boys. The old lady is a widow; her husband
+    when living was a mandarin, and her eldest son is now at Peking,
+    preparing to be a mandarin also. We were obliged to drink tea
+    again, and after some time the old lady invited us into her own
+    bedroom, a very much cleaner room than one sees generally, with
+    white matting on the floor and some good furniture. She was very
+    proud of it, but according to Chinese fashion kept exclaiming that
+    it was such a dirty bad room, that she could hardly ask us into it,
+    but we must excuse it, as it was 'an old woman's room.' We had the
+    concertina brought in again and sang several hymns to which they
+    listened very quietly. One of us read a verse and explained it
+    before singing it, and Mrs. Ahok joined heartily, most bravely
+    acknowledging herself to be a Christian, and telling her friends
+    how happy she was. We then went through the house, and about the
+    middle of the establishment we came <a name="Page_86" id="Page_86" />on a little enclosure where
+    trees were growing, and a pond of water with a rookery behind it
+    looked quite pretty.... When we left they begged us to come again,
+    and Mrs. Ahok is so pleased with the reception we received that she
+    is anxious, if possible, to arrange for us to go again next week.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>Even more formidable than ceremonious social calls in wealthy Chinese
+homes, is the thought of entertaining the aristocracy in one's own home.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;I want to tell you about our grand feast,&quot; one lady writes. &quot;We
+    had been entertained at several houses, and wished to try to get on
+    more friendly terms with some of the rich city ladies. We feared
+    that they would never be willing to come so far, they so seldom
+    leave their houses for anything. However, through our unfailing
+    friend, Mrs. Ahok, we sent invitations asking them to come and dine
+    with us.... Sixteen ladies promised to come. The day before, we had
+    to remind them of the day and hour; but according to Chinese
+    etiquette we only sent our cards, and the messenger explained his
+    errand....&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;Well, at last the day arrived, and we were busy all the morning
+    making the house look as bright as we could, and getting chairs put
+    about in the verandas and passages. Mrs. Ahok came first, very
+    kindly, and advised us how best to set the tables, etc. She ordered
+    the feast for us, as the Chinese always do, from <a name="Page_87" id="Page_87" />a shop. So much
+    is paid for a table and everything is provided. Mrs. Ahok lent us
+    all her own pretty things for the table, lovely little silver cups,
+    ornamented silver spoons, red china tea cups with silver stands,
+    and ivory chopsticks mounted with silver; so we were very grand. We
+    had two tables, ten at each. We were twenty in all, counting
+    ourselves.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;At last they began to arrive, and we were kept busy receiving, and
+    conducting them to their seats in the drawing-room. Tea had to be
+    offered at once, and that was hard to manage as none of our men
+    servants might come into the room; so Tuang had to do it all. I do
+    wish you could have peeped in and seen them all sitting about our
+    drawing-room. To us it was a sight that made our hearts dance for
+    joy&mdash;and it was a pretty sight too. Some dresses were quite lovely,
+    all the colours of the rainbow, and beautifully embroidered....&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;Next on the programme came what the Chinese call '<i>Tieng sieng</i>,'
+    fruit and cakes; and during the interval they wandered all over the
+    house examining everything, and we moved about, talking first to
+    one and then to another. Several little things much encouraged
+    us&mdash;their friendly, pleasant manner and evident pleasure, and the
+    earnest way in which they pressed us to go again to visit them. One
+    old lady, of a rich mandarin family, said to me in a confidential
+    way, behind her fan: 'Come and see me some day when you have plenty
+    of time, and tell me all about the doctrine, slowly, slowly. I
+    would like to understand about it.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;<a name="Page_88" id="Page_88" />At last the feast was announced, and then came the critical
+    point&mdash;seating them at table. One table is supposed to be high, the
+    other low, in point of honour, and at each table the seats are all
+    in order (one, two, three, four, etc.), and it is a mortal offence
+    to give a low seat to one who should be placed high. Mrs. Ahok came
+    to our aid again and pointed out each lady according to her rank
+    and Miss &mdash;&mdash; escorted her to her place. We ourselves had, of
+    course, to take the lowest places.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;Mrs. Ahok then asked a blessing and we began. The principal dish
+    is placed in the centre of the table and the hostess with her own
+    chopsticks helps the guests, all the time urging them to eat, and
+    apologizing for the food, saying she is sorry she has nothing fit
+    for them to eat. Mrs. Ahok did the chief part of these duties for
+    us, and we tried to watch her and do as she did. About two hours we
+    sat at the table, and at last, when we were nearly exhausted,
+    bowls of hot water were brought in, and a cloth wrung out was
+    handed to each person to wash her mouth and hands. The effect on
+    these powdered and painted faces was very funny, but Mrs. Ahok had
+    prepared us for this emergency also, and had sent over her own
+    dressing box&mdash;such a beautiful large one&mdash;fitted up with everything
+    they could need, powders, paints, and all complete. The ladies were
+    quite charmed and delighted to find such a thing in a foreign
+    house, and adjourned upstairs with great delight to beautify
+    themselves.<a name="Page_89" id="Page_89" /> We heard them telling each other that it was just as
+    if they had been at home....&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;At length they said they must go, and we had great leave-taking,
+    bowing and scraping, and thanks, and apologies for having troubled
+    us so much, and assurances on our part that it was all pleasure;
+    and finally off they went, and we sat down to cool ourselves, and
+    drink tea, and chat with Mrs. Ahok. She was very glad and thankful
+    that all went off so well, but quite tired after her exertions, and
+    sat holding her poor little bound feet in her hands, saying they
+    did ache so.&quot;</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90" />III</h3>
+
+<h3>A JOURNEY TO ENGLAND</h3>
+
+
+<p>One day when Mrs. Ahok went to call on one of her English friends, Miss
+Bradshaw, she was startled to find that the physician had ordered her to
+leave for England on the next steamer, sailing three days later. &quot;I wish
+you could go with me, Mrs. Ahok,&quot; Miss Bradshaw said, when she had told her
+of the physician's decision. This was a very remarkable suggestion to make
+to this little Chinese woman, whose life had been such a secluded one that
+a few years before she would not even accept an invitation to dinner with
+the Baldwins, since there were to be foreign gentlemen present. Only a
+short time before, when the Baldwins were returning to America and Mrs.
+Ahok had gone with them, on her husband's launch, to the steamer anchorage,
+twelve miles away, they had considered it a great honour, since this
+Chinese friend had never been so far from home before. But Mrs. Ahok's
+response was even more remarkable than Miss Bradshaw's proposition; for <a name="Page_91" id="Page_91" />in
+three days her little Chinese trunks packed and ticketed, &quot;Dublin,
+Ireland.&quot; Mr. Ahok had heartily consented to his wife's going; and she,
+unwilling to have her sick friend take the long journey alone, and mindful
+of the service she might perform for her people in England, by telling of
+their need and pleading for workers, quickly decided to go.</p>
+
+<p>A letter from a friend who was with her the day she sailed shows the spirit
+with which she took this remarkable step: &quot;I was impressed with two things;
+her implicit confidence in her missionary friend, and her sweet, innocent
+trust in the love and care of her Heavenly Father. She was leaving an
+elegant home and a large household, and in giving last advice to servants
+and children her voice was clear and joyous, but I noticed that she often
+furtively wiped the tears off her cheeks. In her good-bye to her dearly
+loved aged mother, whose grief was inconsolable, she said: 'Don't grieve,
+don't worry, just pray and God will take care of me and I will come back.
+Then we will sit here together and I will have so many things to tell you.'
+Again and again she said to her children, 'Study your lessons diligently
+and pray night and morning.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Ahok sailed from Foochow the 26th of January, 1890. At Hong Kong she
+was <a name="Page_92" id="Page_92" />told, &quot;There are a hundred miseries ahead of you,&quot; but she answered
+unflinchingly, &quot;If there were a thousand more I would go.&quot; From Singapore
+she wrote to her husband:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;Yesterday we arrived here at twelve o'clock. Diong Chio (her
+    servant, who accompanied her) wishes very much to go back to
+    Foochow. But I think now I have come so far on the way, I wish very
+    much to obey God's will and go on to England.... Yesterday we drove
+    in a horse carriage to see Mrs. Cooke. We saw Mrs. Ting's relatives
+    in the school.... It is very hot here, like Foochow in the sixth
+    moon. I wish you very much to take care of yourself and take care
+    of the children, and do not let them play too much.... I send
+    <i>chang angs</i> (greetings) to the Christian brothers and sisters, so
+    many I cannot name them all, but greet them all. Please sometimes
+    comfort my mother's heart and cheer her that she may be happy in
+    trusting in God all the time. Write to me in Chinese characters,
+    and I can then read it myself; or sometimes, if more convenient, in
+    English, and Miss Bradshaw will read it to me.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>A letter from Penang, written two days later, reads:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;Leaving Singapore, a Chinese lady and gentleman came on board our
+    boat to come to their home here in Penang. I saw the lady was very
+    sad ... so I talked with them, and found they knew your friend in
+    Singapore.<a name="Page_93" id="Page_93" /> I spoke to them of God and the Christian doctrine, and
+    they were very glad to hear. When we arrived here they invited me
+    to their house to breakfast, which was quite a feast. Their house
+    is very beautiful, four stories high. They afterward took me to
+    call on some friends, and then brought me back to the boat on
+    time.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>At Colombo she and Miss Bradshaw were met by Miss Bradshaw's sister and
+brother-in-law, whose home was in that city. Mrs. Ahok wrote from there:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;We are staying two days and two nights, until our boat starts for
+    England.... In the evening when it was cool our friends took us to
+    drive, and to call on some Christian people. We saw carriages and
+    horses, so many, running <i>so</i> fast; and the roads and streets are
+    <i>so</i> wide many carriages can go together on them. We passed many
+    black people; nearly all the people are black. We saw many women
+    and girls with their ears full and covered with ear-rings, and some
+    in their noses too, and some <i>men</i> also wear ear-rings. I see the
+    black people, I think how wonderful God's love must be, to give His
+    Son to die for <i>all the world</i>, these black people as well as for
+    us. The friends here said they were glad I was going to England to
+    tell the people there about the heathen. They promised all to pray
+    for me, and I want you also to pray that I may fulfil God's will,
+    and do <a name="Page_94" id="Page_94" />much for God's kingdom in England, and then come back
+    quickly home.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;It is very hot here, but the evenings and early mornings are cool.
+    Every one goes out to work, or walk, or drive, from daybreak until
+    the sun is hot, and breakfast at ten o'clock. I want to know, when
+    you write, what Heli is doing; and now I am away from home you will
+    take great care of all the children. Please <i>chang ang</i> all friends
+    and relatives, and Dr. and Mrs. Sites, and take great care of
+    yourself, that when I return I may find all well. Tell me how the
+    boys are, and don't allow Jimmy to climb the trees. Comfort my
+    mother and tell her all I have written.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>Mrs. Ahok was the second Chinese lady of rank to visit England, the first
+one being the wife of the Chinese ambassador. She was the first Christian
+Chinese woman England had ever known, and everywhere excited much interest
+and won warm friends. <i>The Christian</i> of London gives an account of a
+meeting held in the Parochial Hall at Clontarf near Dublin, at which the
+chairman proposed the following resolution:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;This meeting having assembled to welcome Miss Bradshaw on her
+    return from China; and having learned the extraordinary friendship,
+    tenderness, and devotedness of her Chinese friend, the Honourable
+    Lady of Diong Ahok, mandarin of Foochow, who had at a few hours'<a name="Page_95" id="Page_95" />
+    notice decided to break through national customs and leave her home
+    and family, rather than allow Miss Bradshaw to undertake the
+    journey alone; hereby records its unbounded admiration of such
+    Christian sympathy, and brave and generous conduct; and they trust
+    that her own and her husband's desire that her visit may excite
+    fresh Christian workers to go to China, may be abundantly
+    fulfilled.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>The report of the meeting goes on to say:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;This resolution being carried, Miss Bradshaw intimated to Lady
+    Ahok the purport of what had taken place, and asked her to say a
+    few words of acknowledgment. Accordingly, with the greatest
+    simplicity and self-possession she said (each word of her sentences
+    being translated by Miss Bradshaw) that she was very glad to meet
+    them all, and was very thankful to have been brought to England;
+    that her faith in God had enabled her to come.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>The Tenth Annual meeting of the Church of England Zenana Society was held
+in Princes Hall, London, during Mrs. Ahok's visit to England, and she was
+one of the principal speakers. In spite of heavy and incessant rain the
+audience began to assemble before the doors were open. Numbers stood
+throughout, and many more failed to gain admission. Standing quietly before
+the large audience, Mrs. Ahok gave her message so effectively <a name="Page_96" id="Page_96" />that when
+she sat down, the chairman, Sir Charles N. Aitchison, exclaimed: &quot;Did you
+ever hear a more simple, more touching appeal under such circumstances? I
+never did.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Stating the purpose of her visit to England Mrs. Ahok said:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;I have come from China&mdash;from Foochow&mdash;and come to England for what
+    business and what purpose? The road here was <i>very</i> difficult,
+    sitting in a boat for so long! Very tiresome it was, to be on the
+    rough sea, with wind and waves for the first time! My servant Diong
+    Chio and I have come here. We are strangers! We raise our eyes and
+    look on people's faces, but we can see no one we know&mdash;no relative,
+    no one like ourselves&mdash;all truly strange! I left my little boy, my
+    husband, my mother&mdash;all this: for what purpose, do you think? It is
+    only entirely for the sake of Christ's Gospel that I have come.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;It is not for the sake of seeing a new place and new people, or
+    any beautiful thing; we have in China quite close to us new
+    places&mdash;beautiful places. I have never seen <i>them</i> yet; so why
+    should I come so far to see other places? They may be very good to
+    see, but not for this could I leave my household and people. I
+    cannot speak your words, I do not know any one, and your food is
+    quite different from ours: nothing is at all the same as that to
+    which I am accustomed....&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;... It was God's Holy Spirit that led <a name="Page_97" id="Page_97" />me to come. He wanted me to
+    do what? Not to amuse <i>myself</i>, but to ask and invite <i>you</i> to come
+    to China to tell the doctrine of Christ. How could you know the
+    needs of China without hearing them? How could you hear unless I
+    came to tell you? Now you can know, for I say the harvest in China
+    is <i>very</i> great, but the labourers are <i>so</i> few. Now my great
+    desire is that the Gospel of Christ may be known on earth as it is
+    in heaven. It is not yet known in China, and because the great
+    houses have not yet heard the Gospel, all their money is spent on
+    the idols, sacrifices, and burning incense.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;In this country <i>some</i> help to spread the Gospel, some go to other
+    countries to tell those who have never heard, but some (a great
+    many) are not helping in any way: though they have all heard
+    themselves, they are living here only to obey their own wills, for
+    their own pleasure in this world! How pitiable! We all know the
+    Gospel of Christ; let us then not follow the heathen (who have
+    never heard) in caring for the things of this world. The Bible
+    says, 'If a man receives all the riches of this world, and loses
+    his own soul' (and the souls of many others), 'what can it profit
+    him?'...&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;I am only here for a very little, then I must go back to Foochow,
+    where there are so many large houses full of ladies; the workers
+    are so very few now. At this time only one <i>ku-niong</i> is there to
+    visit all the great city houses. She is not enough to visit so
+    many; <a name="Page_98" id="Page_98" />and it is said that in these mandarin houses their ears have
+    never yet heard the doctrine.... Now I pray God to cause, whether
+    <i>ku-niongs</i> (unmarried ladies) or <i>sing-sang-niongs</i> (married
+    ladies), <i>quickly</i> to go and enter these houses with the Gospel.
+    Now I ask you, raise up hot hearts in yourselves and quickly help
+    us.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;First. Will you come back to China with me?&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;Second. If <i>you</i> cannot, will you cause others to come, by sending
+    them and doing what you can to help them to come?&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>Mrs. Ahok had planned for a six months' visit in England, but word came
+that her husband was ill, and she left in July, after a stay of a little
+less than four months, during which she had addressed large audiences in
+approximately one hundred meetings in England and Ireland. The impression
+she had made there may be gathered from a paragraph which appeared in
+<i>India's Women and China's Daughters</i>, after she had left:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;Those who saw Mrs. Ahok's earnest face, and listened to some of
+    the most simple and heart-stirring words ever heard on an English
+    platform, will recall the impression her plea for her countrywomen
+    then made.... If God should open the way for Mrs. Ahok again to
+    visit England, she will be welcomed as one who brought home the
+    reality of missions to <a name="Page_99" id="Page_99" />many a conscience in England, and revived
+    the flagging spirits to zeal for the Lord of Hosts!&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>Mrs. Ahok went home by way of Canada, accompanied by Miss Mead, one of the
+new workers for whom she had been pleading. She did not realize how
+seriously ill her husband was, for he had written cheerfully: &quot;Tell Mrs.
+Ahok that I have been a little ill for some weeks and that now I am staying
+at the Ato house. I find it very restful staying quietly at the old
+home.... Tell Mrs. Ahok, please, not to worry at all about me.&quot; On saying
+good-bye to friends in England Mrs. Ahok told them that she hoped to come
+again, and that the next time it would be with her husband. She was thus
+spared the keen anxiety throughout the long journey which she must have
+suffered, had she realized her husband's condition. She wrote back to Miss
+Bradshaw from Montreal, telling of her safe arrival and expressing her
+gratitude that although she and her maid had both suffered severely from
+sea-sickness, they had been well taken care of by &quot;a woman who was a
+worshipper of God.&quot; At Vancouver she had to wait some days for her steamer,
+and she wrote from there on July 26:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;All well, all peace. From the time I left England a month has
+    passed away. I keep <a name="Page_100" id="Page_100" />thinking constantly of the meetings in England
+    which we had together. Now we are in this place waiting for the
+    ship and therefore we had this very good opportunity for work. I
+    have been invited by the minister of the church here to speak at
+    meetings. I have done so six times. Because this is a new place,
+    and there are men and women who do not at all believe the Gospel,
+    but who like to hear about Chinese ways and customs, therefore they
+    all greatly wish me to go to these meetings. I think this is also
+    God's leading for us, that we could not proceed on our journey, but
+    must spend this time here.... To-day is Saturday; this afternoon at
+    half-past three we are to have another meeting; to-morrow we go on
+    board ship to return to China.... When you have an opportunity,
+    give my greetings to all my Christian friends.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>After Mrs. Ahok was back in China, she had a letter from the minister of
+the Methodist church in Vancouver telling her that three new missionary
+societies had been formed as a result of her few days' stay. He added,
+&quot;Your stay here has been an inspiration to us; the fortnight has been one
+of blessing to us all.&quot;</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101" />IV</h3>
+
+<h3>PATIENT IN TRIBULATION</h3>
+
+
+<p>The long anticipated home-coming was a very sad one. During the hot summer
+months Mr. Ahok had grown steadily weaker, and he died almost three months
+before his wife reached Foochow. It was a great comfort to those who had
+been instrumental in arranging for Mrs. Ahok's trip to England to remember
+how fully her husband had approved of the plan. Miss Bradshaw said: &quot;I
+shall never forget the bright way in which Mr. Ahok faced all the dangers
+and difficulties of the journey on which he was sending Mrs. Ahok. As he
+said good-bye at the anchorage, he said he did it gladly, for the sake of
+getting more workers for China.&quot; Not even when sick and suffering did he
+regret having let his wife go, although he missed her greatly. He wrote
+Miss Bradshaw, during his illness, &quot;I realize how great God's grace is, in
+allowing Mrs. Ahok to visit England, and I am so thankful to all the
+Christian friends who have helped her and been kind to her.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102" />Mrs. Ahok's brother, her nephew, and Dr. Sites, who had long been a friend
+of hers and of Mr. Ahok's, met her with a houseboat at the steamer
+anchorage; and during the twelve-mile ride up the river, the sad news was
+told. The shock almost stunned Mrs. Ahok at first, but with realization
+came heart-rending grief. Miss Mead, the young missionary who had come from
+England with her, wrote soon after their arrival: &quot;Yesterday afternoon I
+went with three of the ladies to see her. The expression on her face was
+altered and according to Chinese custom she was very shabbily dressed. Her
+jewels were taken off. She keeps saying, 'If I could only see him once more
+and tell him all I have done in England!'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Added to her grief for her husband, Mrs. Ahok had to bear the taunts and
+reproaches of her non-Christian relatives, who told her that all this
+trouble had come as a just punishment of the gods, because she had forsaken
+the religion of her ancestors, and violated the customs of her country in
+leaving it for so many months to visit a foreign land. Not only this, but
+taking advantage of her refusal to perform certain rites of non-Christian
+worship which are a part of the legal ceremony connected with the
+inheritance of property, they <a name="Page_103" id="Page_103" />seized Mr. Ahok's estate, and the dainty
+little woman who had always been accustomed to every comfort, and even
+luxury, was left with little but the house in which she lived. Moreover a
+fresh sorrow followed close upon the first one, as her mother lived only a
+short time after her return.</p>
+
+<p>But in spite of these heavy burdens, the rare courage which had so often
+been evidenced before, soon began to reassert itself. Miss Mead was soon
+able to write: &quot;Mrs. Ahok spoke a little at the Bible-women's meeting on
+Tuesday, and for the first time came here afterward and had a cup of tea,
+and saw my room. She is brighter, and I am glad to tell you that she was
+able to say that the peace of God was still hers. Jimmy Ahok (her little
+son) was present at Miss Davis' wedding.&quot; Nor was Mrs. Ahok too absorbed in
+her grief to remember her friend in her happiness, for little Jimmy carried
+with him a beautiful bunch of flowers for the bride.</p>
+
+<p>As soon as the news of Mr. Ahok's death reached England, a letter of
+sympathy signed by nearly five hundred of Mrs. Ahok's friends in England
+was sent to her. Its closing paragraph must have brought her comfort in the
+knowledge that her journey had not been made in vain:<a name="Page_104" id="Page_104" /></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;We bless God for your coming to England. We have learned to know
+    and love you. Your words are not forgotten. The seed God enabled
+    you to sow is already bearing some fruit, and will, we believe,
+    bring forth much more. One sister has gone with you; we send this
+    by the hands of three more. We know others who were led by your
+    words to offer themselves for Christ's work in China. Two of them
+    are now being trained for the mission field. This will cheer your
+    heart.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>To this, Mrs. Ahok replied:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;I thank you all very much for your sympathy, and for sending such
+    good words to comfort me. I rejoiced greatly to hear your words.
+    When I was in England I was a great trouble to you, and I must
+    thank you for all your kindness to me then....&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;After leaving England I reached Foochow at the end of the seventh
+    moon, and then heard that my beloved husband had left this world
+    and been called home by God to His kingdom in heaven. At that time
+    I was very sad and distressed, and my distress was the greater
+    because I had no one to carry on our business. Being anxious about
+    money matters, therefore, these many days, I have failed to reply
+    to your letter and to send you my salutations, and thank you all
+    for your great love.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;Now because I cannot carry on trade myself, therefore I have
+    determined to close our business and pay all debts; and the British
+    consul has kindly acted for me in this matter.<a name="Page_105" id="Page_105" /> My hope is that God
+    will enable me to sell this house in which I am living, and then I
+    shall have a competency. It is because I fear that I shall not have
+    enough to feed, clothe, and educate my children that I wish to sell
+    this house. As soon as I have done this I think I shall be able,
+    with the missionary ladies, to visit the houses of the gentry, and
+    have worship with the Chinese ladies, and exhort them all to
+    embrace Christianity. Thus I shall be doing the Lord's work. I
+    trust you will all pray for me, and trust that in some future time
+    an opportunity may be given me of again visiting England and
+    America to work for the Lord. This is the true desire of my heart.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;At this time I seem to have no heart to write, but I send this
+    letter to you to express my thanks. Another day I may write again.
+    My two little children send their greeting, and I add my own. After
+    my return home an additional trouble came upon me because my mother
+    was called home to God. But so far as she is concerned death must
+    be reckoned happiness. She with my husband, earlier than myself,
+    are enjoying the eternal bliss of heaven. I will thank you to give
+    my salutations to all the sisters and ministers whom I know.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>Mrs. Ahok soon began again the work among the upper class women which had
+been her great joy, heartily co-operating with both American and English
+missionaries in their efforts for these women. Miss Ruth Sites, of <a name="Page_106" id="Page_106" />the
+American Methodist Mission, was very eager to do something for the young
+girls of this class, and Mrs. Ahok gladly lent her influence, with such
+effect that Miss Sites was enabled to start a small school. Here a good
+education was given to the daughters of the official class, and
+Christianity was so taught and lived that by the end of the second year all
+but two of the pupils were Christians. Miss Sites wrote also of the help
+that Mrs. Ahok gave in taking her to call in the homes which it would
+otherwise have been impossible for her to reach.</p>
+
+<p>The Church of England Mission had for some years maintained a school for
+the daughters of the Chinese Christians in Foochow; but a few years after
+Mrs. Ahok's return from England they began to feel the urgent need of
+another school, where girls from non-Christian families could be educated.
+When Mrs. Ahok's advice was asked, she heartily approved of the plan and
+advised that it be attempted, offering to rent her home to the Mission for
+a school building, and promising also to help in the teaching. Moreover she
+was invaluable in interesting her non-Christian friends in the school, and
+it rapidly grew from four to forty-five, with such prospects of future
+prosperity that the house next door to Mrs.<a name="Page_107" id="Page_107" /> Ahok's was also rented, and a
+new dormitory and dining-room were built.</p>
+
+<p>Girls brought up in non-Christian homes are of course very different from
+the daughters of Christian parents, and Mrs. Ahok warned the missionaries
+at the outset that they would be very difficult to manage, and herself drew
+up the school rules. Her services were of the greatest value, both in this
+school and in the School for High Class Girls established by the Church of
+England Zenana Society a few years later, of which she was made the matron.
+&quot;She makes the girls love her, and her influence over them is good,&quot; wrote
+one of the teachers. &quot;A fortnight ago some money was stolen out of a
+drawer. I was very sad about it, and the girls were urged to confess, but
+until yesterday no one spoke. Yesterday Amy told Mrs. Ahok that she had
+taken it and asked her to tell me.&quot; Again she wrote: &quot;Mrs. Ahok makes a
+very good matron of the school, and an excellent hostess to the many
+visitors who come to see the school. Whenever an opening is given Mrs. Ahok
+and I return the call, and usually get good opportunities of delivering the
+message.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Testimony is also borne to Mrs. Ahok's effective work among the mothers of
+the pupils of the school. One of her great joys is a <a name="Page_108" id="Page_108" />weekly meeting in
+that wing of the Church Missionary Society's hospital which was erected in
+memory of her husband, and set aside for the use of women patients.</p>
+
+<p>Throughout her life of whole-hearted service for the women and girls of her
+country, Mrs. Ahok has been a most devoted mother to her adopted son,
+Charlie, and her own child, who was always known as Jimmy. The latter
+inherited his mother's quick mind, and made such a good record at the
+college which his father's generous gift had founded many years before,
+that after his graduation he was asked to return as one of the faculty. The
+beauty of his life was the crowning tribute to his mother. At a meeting
+held in Foochow, an American, who had recently come there as an insurance
+agent, told how much impressed he had been by a young Chinese to whom he
+had been talking, and added that if the Christian schools turned out young
+men like that, he thought the work was indeed worth while. The young man
+was Jimmy Ahok.</p>
+
+<p>In the summer of 1904 the young man's wife was very ill, and through the
+hot summer weeks he cared for her night and day with such devotion that his
+own health gave out. It was some time before he would admit that he was
+ill; but he was finally forced to suc<a name="Page_109" id="Page_109" />cumb to a severe attack of pneumonia,
+which ended his life within a very few days. His only anxiety seemed to be
+that he had not done enough work for his non-Christian neighbours. &quot;I have
+not tried enough to influence the neighbours,&quot; he told his mother. &quot;When I
+get well I will have a service for them and teach them to worship God.&quot; His
+death was a great blow to his mother, but her work has again been her
+solace.</p>
+
+<p>One of her friends wrote to England, at the time of her son's death, that
+the thought that her friends in England would be praying for her was one of
+the greatest sources of comfort to Mrs. Ahok. In the midst of her busy life
+in China she has never forgotten England nor her friends there. Some years
+after her return to China, she sent her greetings to her English friends by
+one of the returning missionaries, and bade her ask them: &quot;Have you done,
+and are you doing, all you resolved to do for my sisters in China? So many
+missionaries have been called home, there can be no lack of <i>knowledge</i> now
+as to the needs of the heathen. With so many to witness to them, how great
+is the increase of <i>responsibility</i> to Christians at home.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>She wrote to the women of the Church of England Zenana Society: &quot;You
+rejoiced to <a name="Page_110" id="Page_110" />help many ladies to come to Foochow to act as light-bearers
+and induce those who were sitting in darkness to cast away the false and
+embrace the true, and to put away all the wicked and evil customs. The work
+which these ladies are doing is of great value and has helped many. They
+have preached the gospel in all the region; they have tended the sick in
+the Mission hospitals; they have opened schools for women and girls in
+several places, and in my own house. In my own house there are now
+thirty-nine scholars, some of whom have unbound their feet; and some have
+been baptized. I myself every week teach in this school, and I also go to
+the hospital and talk to the sick people. I trust that this seed so widely
+sown will presently bear fruit, some thirty, some sixty, some a hundred
+fold. You will remember that when I was in England I told you of the state
+of things in China; and I hope you will not forget my words but will do
+your utmost to help China, that God's promised reward may hereafter be
+yours.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Ahok is daily giving herself, in whole-hearted service, to her
+countrywomen. A fellow-worker has recently written of her:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;She is winning her way into the hearts of the people in the Manchu
+    settlement. Always bright and cheerful, and ready to tell the<a name="Page_111" id="Page_111" />
+    Story, she is welcomed wherever she goes. When I think of her past
+    life of ease as the daughter, and later the wife, of an official, I
+    marvel at her spirit of consecration. Quietly she goes from house
+    to house in search of those who are willing to listen. Miles she
+    has walked over the hot stone pavements. 'If my people will only
+    believe in Christ, I shall be well repaid,' she says.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>A true Christian woman, whose courage has flinched at no sacrifice, who has
+borne the loss of husband, mother, son, and property, and the reproaches of
+non-Christian relatives, with a peace and a faith unshakeable and
+convincing, Mrs. Ahok is accomplishing much by what she does, doubtless
+even more by what she is.<a name="Page_112" id="Page_112" /><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113" /></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>
+DR. IDA KAHN</h3>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+
+<tr><td align='right'>I.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'><a href="#Page_115">Childhood in Three Countries</a></td>
+  </tr>
+
+<tr><td align='right'>II.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'><a href="#Page_121">At the University of Michigan</a></td>
+  </tr>
+
+<tr><td align='right'>III.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'><a href="#Page_126">Seven Years in Kiukiang</a></td>
+  </tr>
+
+<tr><td align='right'>IV.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'><a href="#Page_140">Pioneer Work in Nanchang</a></td>
+  </tr>
+
+</table>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114" /><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115" /></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<a href="images/img06.jpg"><img src="images/img06_th.jpg" width="400" height="635" alt="Dr. Ida Kahn" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>Dr. Ida Kahn</b>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>DR. IDA KAHN</h2>
+
+<h3>I</h3>
+
+<h3>CHILDHOOD IN THREE COUNTRIES</h3>
+
+
+<p>By the time little Ida Kahn first opened her eyes in Kiukiang, China,
+little girls had become a drug on the market in her family. Her parents had
+long been eager for a son, but each of the five babies who had come was a
+daughter, and now this sixth one was a little girl, too. According to
+Chinese custom, they called in the old blind fortune-teller to declare her
+fate and give advice concerning her future. His verdict was discouraging
+for he told them that she must be killed or given away to another family,
+since as long as she remained in the home the long-desired son would never
+come to them. The parents were not willing to end the little life, so they
+determined to engage the baby to a little boy in a neighbouring family, and
+give her to the family of her betrothed to bring up. But when they called
+the fortune-teller again to ask his judgment on the proposed betrothal, he
+de<a name="Page_116" id="Page_116" />clared that the little girl had been born under the dog star, the boy
+under the cat star, and therefore the betrothal was not to be thought of.
+The family's perplexity as to what to do with this superfluous little
+daughter became known to the neighbours, and one of them, who was teaching
+Chinese to Miss Howe and Miss Hoag of the Methodist Mission, told them
+about it. That very afternoon they took their sedan chairs and went and got
+the baby. Thus, when only two months old, Ida was adopted by Miss Howe,
+whom she always calls &quot;my mother,&quot; and of whom she says, &quot;There is no one
+like her in the world.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The same year that little Ida was born, Miss Howe and Miss Hoag had
+succeeded in starting a school for girls in Kiukiang, the first girls'
+school in that part of China. In this school, as soon as she was old
+enough, Ida began to study. When she was nine years old Miss Howe went to
+America and took the little girl with her. They were in San Francisco at
+this time, and there Ida attended a mission school for the Chinese girls of
+the city. As most of the other pupils belonged to Cantonese families, and
+spoke a Chinese dialect very different from that of Kiukiang, she did not
+learn very much at school; but her stay in America, at the age when it is
+so <a name="Page_117" id="Page_117" />easy for children to acquire languages, helped her very much in
+learning English. On her way back to China Miss Howe stayed in Japan for
+several months, and there again Ida attended school.</p>
+
+<p>On returning to China, Miss Howe was asked to work in a newly opened
+station of the Methodist Mission at Chung King, a city of western China,
+located on the Yangtse River many miles above Kiukiang, and many days'
+journey into the interior. During their stay there, Ida continued her
+studies, tutored by Miss Howe and Miss Wheeler, of the same mission. The
+stay in Chung King lasted only two years, for in 1886 the mission compound
+was completely destroyed by a mob, and the missionaries had to flee for
+their lives. For two weeks Ida, with some other Chinese girls, was in
+hiding in the home of a friendly carpenter, while the missionaries were
+hidden in the governor's yamen. At the end of that time they all succeeded
+in making their escape from the city, and the little girl, who had already
+had so many more experiences in her short life than the average Chinese
+woman has in threescore years and ten, had the new adventure of a trip of
+several days through the gorges of the Yangtse River. The river is always
+dangerous at this point because of the swift rapids, <a name="Page_118" id="Page_118" />but was so unusually
+so at that season, when the summer floods were beginning, that only
+extraordinary pressure would have induced any one to venture on it. The
+trip to the coast was made in safety, however, and after another stay of a
+few months in Japan, Miss Howe and her charge went back to Kiukiang, and
+Ida again entered the school there.</p>
+
+<p>Miss Howe was desirous that the people in America who were interested in
+the Kiukiang school should be kept informed of its progress; but with her
+many duties it was difficult for her to find time for frequent letters, so
+she sometimes asked Ida to write for her. Extracts from one of these
+letters, written when Ida was fifteen, and sent with no revision at all,
+show something of this little Chinese girl's acquaintance with English:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='smcap'>&quot;Dear Mrs. &mdash;&mdash;:&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;We have at present twenty-four scholars and four babies. We are
+    not many in numbers, but we hope that we may not prove the works of
+    missionaries in vain. The rules of this school are different from
+    others, since only girls of Christian families are allowed to
+    study. Girls of non-Christian families are allowed to study if they
+    are willing to pay their board. They also furnish their own
+    clothes. For these reasons our school contains girls from many
+    places since Christian girls are few....<a name="Page_119" id="Page_119" /> In Kiukiang only one
+    Christian family have their girls at this school. The pastor of the
+    church over the river sends his eldest daughter. She has been my
+    companion from babyhood, and we were only separated when she went
+    to Chin Kiang and I to Chung King. She and her sisters never had
+    their feet bound. She is the first girl in Kiukiang who never bound
+    her feet. Her name is Mary Stone. She and I study together both in
+    English and Chinese.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;Her mother came a few weeks ago and stayed with us one week. One
+    day Mary and I went with her to visit the homes of missionaries;
+    when we came back Mrs. Stone suggested that we should go and see
+    her uncle. Mary and I hesitated a little; for we were not used to
+    visiting Chinese homes, especially after New Year when people are
+    very ceremonious. When we arrived at the home we found that they
+    had a New Year's party there, although it was the second month. The
+    reason was this; at the time of the New Year Chinese ladies do not
+    step outside their houses till they are invited to a party, and as
+    invitations do not come until nearly the end of the first month it
+    is common to continue to the second month.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;Mrs. Stone's friends were very glad to see her, for they had not
+    met for a long time. The party consisted of three elderly ladies,
+    besides the hostess, and three young girls besides the young
+    daughter of the house. They were dressed principally in bright
+    blue, green, and red, and were painted to the extreme. The young
+    girls hardly tasted their food, but <a name="Page_120" id="Page_120" />looked us over from head to
+    foot, especially our feet. The room was hot, and presently one of
+    the girls tittered to another and said, 'Your face is streaked,'
+    meaning that some of her paint was off and showed dark lines;
+    whereupon all the girls declared that they were going to wash their
+    faces. After a while one of the girls came back and said, 'My face
+    is clean now, is it not?' Mrs. Stone told us that they saw we had
+    no paint on and were ashamed of theirs. The girls' only talk was
+    about their jewellry, clothes, and other gossip. Mary and I were
+    very much disappointed, for we hoped to learn some Chinese manners.
+    Mrs. Stone advised me not to wear spectacles, for I attracted many
+    remarks. I told her I was only too glad to draw attention from our
+    feet.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;We always remember the friends in America who for His sake sent
+    missionaries to help us. Yours affectionately,&quot;</p>
+
+<p class='smcap'>    &quot;Ida Kahn.&quot;</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121" />II</h3>
+
+<h3>AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>When Miss Howe went to America on furlough in 1892, she took with her five
+young Chinese people, three boys and two girls; the latter, Ida Kahn and
+her friend, Mary Stone. Growing up in China, under singularly sheltered and
+happy conditions, Ida had been greatly impressed with the misery of many of
+her countrywomen, and early formed the purpose of becoming a physician and
+giving her life to the alleviation of their sufferings. Mary Stone had the
+same desire, and Miss Howe, coveting for them a more thorough medical
+education than was then available in China, took them to Ann Arbor to enter
+the medical school of the University of Michigan. Both girls passed the
+entrance examinations successfully, even to the Latin requirements; in fact
+their papers were among the best of all those handed in.</p>
+
+<p>The four years in Ann Arbor were very busy ones. In addition to their
+college work, they did their own housekeeping in a little <a name="Page_122" id="Page_122" />suite of rooms
+in the home of Mrs. Frost. She says that they excelled many American girls
+at housekeeping, having regular days for house-cleaning, and always keeping
+their reception room in good order to receive their girl friends, of whom
+they had many. Occasionally they even entertained their friends at a little
+Chinese feast. Mrs. Frost recalls that the only flaw in Ida's housekeeping
+was that when the girls stopped in her room, as they often did for a little
+visit on their way home from college, Ida would pick up a book or magazine
+and become so absorbed in it that she would forget all about the domestic
+duties awaiting her.</p>
+
+<p>But in spite of college and housekeeping duties, they were not too busy to
+take part in the Christian work of the church which they attended. Mrs.
+Frost pays them the following tribute: &quot;They were lovely Christian
+characters, ready to respond and assist in any Christian work where their
+services were solicited. While they were in Ann Arbor they assisted me in
+my Sunday afternoon Mission Band work with the small children of our
+church, singing, or offering prayer, or telling interesting stories to the
+little ones. On different occasions they, with the Chinese boys that came
+with Miss Howe at the same time, assisted <a name="Page_123" id="Page_123" />me in the public entertainments
+given to help swell the funds of the Mission Band and raise enough to
+support an orphan, or for other missionary work. They were very efficient,
+consecrated Christians, very lovable and loving, highly respected by every
+one with whom they came in contact. I have very pleasant memories of our
+little Chinese doctors, and they have a very warm place in my heart and
+affections.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Both the girls won many friends among both students and faculty. Ida was
+elected to the secretaryship of her class in her Junior year. Their record
+for scholarship was so enviable that the assertion was often made, &quot;They
+must either be remarkably clever, or they must have applied themselves with
+unusual devotion.&quot; They led their class in their Junior year, and in their
+Senior year were surpassed by only one student. Dr. Breakey, specialist in
+skin troubles, on whose staff they worked during their Senior year, speaks
+warmly of their earnestness and devotion to their work. Another professor
+said at the time of their graduation, &quot;They will be a credit to the
+University of Michigan. The society which provided for their course will
+never regret having done so.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>As their study at the University drew to a <a name="Page_124" id="Page_124" />close, the young physicians
+received many evidences of the appreciation that was felt for the work they
+had done. Before commencement a reception was given them in the Methodist
+church of Ann Arbor, at which each of them received a case of valuable
+surgical instruments. Many other gifts were also showered upon them,&mdash;from
+medical cases, cameras, clocks, and bedquilts, to books and dainty
+handkerchiefs.</p>
+
+<p>In order not to attract attention they had adopted American dress during
+their stay in Ann Arbor; but their graduation dresses were sent from China,
+made in Chinese style, of beautiful Chinese silk, with slippers of the same
+material,&mdash;Ida's blue, Mary's delicate pink. Seven hundred and forty-five
+students received their diplomas at that commencement, but to none was
+accorded the universal and prolonged applause which broke forth as the two
+young Chinese women stepped on the platform to take their diplomas from
+President Angell's hands. Even the medical faculty applauded heartily, the
+only time that the staff joined in the demonstrations of the audience. One
+who was in the audience says, &quot;Their bearing and dignity made us very proud
+of them.&quot; President Angell was much interested in them and said to their
+friends, &quot;Their <a name="Page_125" id="Page_125" />future career will be watched with every expectation of
+eminent success.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The two months succeeding their graduation were spent in Chicago in
+hospital work, and in the autumn they sailed for China. While they were in
+America an old gentleman said to Ida, &quot;I am glad you are going back to your
+country as a physician. Your people need physicians more than they need
+missionaries.&quot; The Chinese reverence for old age was too great to permit
+Ida to contradict him, but turning to her friends she said quietly, &quot;Time
+is short&mdash;eternity is long.&quot; So it was not only as a physician, but as a
+regularly appointed medical missionary that she returned to China.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126" />III</h3>
+
+<h3>SEVEN YEARS IN KIUKIANG</h3>
+
+
+<p>Quite a little anxiety was felt concerning the reception which the young
+physicians would receive from the Chinese on their return to Kiukiang. A
+foreign-trained Chinese woman physician had never been seen or heard of in
+that section of China, and, scarcely, in all China, since Dr. H&uuml; King Eng,
+of Foochow, was the only other in the Empire at that time. The doctors' own
+friends had long been asking when they were coming back, and when at last
+the time arrived they had their plans all laid for welcoming them. The
+missionaries had some doubts as to the propriety of a public ovation to two
+young women, but the Chinese were so eager for it that they at last
+consented, and from the moment the young doctors left the steamer until
+they arrived at the gate of the mission compound, they were saluted with an
+almost continuous fusillade of fire-crackers. Of course the noise attracted
+curious crowds, and by the time they reached the Bund they were surrounded
+by a host of their townspeople <a name="Page_127" id="Page_127" />who were eager to get a glimpse of the
+&quot;women doctors.&quot; Some of them were heard to say, &quot;Why, these girls are
+receiving more honour than was shown to our commandant when he arrived!&quot; As
+the company slowly proceeded up the Bund, the missionaries were besieged
+with eager questions: &quot;Are they Chinese women?&quot; &quot;Is it true they have been
+studying for four years in a foreign land?&quot; &quot;Can they heal the sick?&quot; &quot;Will
+they live in Kiukiang?&quot; When all these questions were answered in the
+affirmative there was a vigorous nodding of heads, and &quot;<i>Hao! Hao! Hao!</i>&quot;
+(Good, good!) was heard on every side. It seemed remarkable that in so
+dense a crowd the universal expression of face and voice indicated only
+favourable interest.</p>
+
+<p>Shortly before the doctors arrived one of the missionaries wrote, &quot;We are
+expecting 'our doctors' back this fall, and after they have several months
+of hospital practice in other mission hospitals in China, we hope to have a
+place ready for them to begin work.&quot; The doctors had expected, too, a
+little time for resting, and visiting with the friends whom they had not
+seen for so many years. Moreover it was thought that some time would have
+to elapse before they could gain the confidence of the people sufficiently
+to begin practice. But <a name="Page_128" id="Page_128" />on the third day after their arrival four patients
+appeared and asked for treatment; on the following day the same four
+returned and six newcomers arrived; and so it went on, until dispensary
+quarters had to be hurriedly rented and regular work begun.</p>
+
+<p>They had been back only about a month when they were sent for one evening
+to visit a woman who was in a very serious condition. On arriving at the
+house they found there the best known native doctor in the city, richly
+dressed in satin and silk, and accompanied by four chair-bearers. He had
+told the woman's family that he could do nothing for her, and after
+welcoming the young women physicians very pleasantly, he took his leave,
+advising the family to put the patient into their hands, saying, &quot;They have
+crossed mountains and seas to study about these matters.&quot; The family wanted
+the doctors to guarantee that the woman would live, but they, of course,
+refused to do this, and after some discussion turned to go. But at that the
+older members of the family fell on their knees, and begged them to stay
+and do just whatever they thought best. Their treatment was so successful
+that three days later the grateful family invited them to a feast, after
+which they were wound about with red scarfs by the old grandmother, <a name="Page_129" id="Page_129" />and
+presented with gifts. The entire family then escorted them home amid the
+explosion of many fire-crackers.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>China Medical Missionary Journal</i> of December, 1896, in commenting
+upon the work of these young women, says: &quot;They have not, up to the present
+time, had to endure the pain of losing a patient, although they have had
+several very serious cases. When that does come, as of course it must,
+there will doubtless be some reaction, and present faith may be changed to
+distrust for a time. But the most hopeful had not dreamed of their
+commencing work without some opposition, and that they actually sought,
+before making any efforts to secure patients, has been a great surprise to
+all. Their early success is doubtless due largely to the fact that they are
+back among their own people as true Chinese, and while they have gained
+much in culture and intellect, love and sympathy for their race have ever
+been present; while the ruling motive in all their efforts has been how
+best to prepare themselves to help their countrywomen. The native women do
+not stand at a distance to admire them, but familiarly take their hands and
+feel their clothing; and while acknowledging their superiority do not
+hesitate to invite them as guests to their humble homes.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130" />Nor was the reputation of the young physicians limited to Kiukiang. At
+about the time of their return, the young emperor, Kwang-hsi, had issued
+edicts to the viceroys of the various provinces, ordering them to search
+out and send to Peking, young men versed in modern affairs, who could act
+as advisers to him. Several of these young men held a meeting in Nanking
+before proceeding to Peking. Two of them had heard of the young doctors
+just returned from America, and, on their way to Nanking, stopped at
+Kiukiang for the purpose of calling on them. The doctors, however, felt it
+wise to adopt a conservative attitude in regard to receiving calls from
+young men, lest their influence with the women with whom they were to work
+should be weakened, did they violate Chinese custom in this matter. Miss
+Howe therefore received the guests in their stead, answered their
+questions, gave them such information as they desired, and presented them
+with the diploma of one of the doctors. They displayed the diploma at the
+meeting at Nanking, where it created much interest. The son of Governor
+Tang of Hupeh, who was at the meeting, spoke for two hours on the
+desirability of educating women, and suppressing the custom of
+foot-binding. Then and there a society was organ<a name="Page_131" id="Page_131" />ized in which these men
+pledged themselves to marry their sons only to natural-footed women, and
+their daughters only into families whose girls were allowed to grow up with
+natural feet.</p>
+
+<p>At about this time, also, Chang Chih Tung, one of the most eminent and
+public spirited viceroys of his time, sent a representative to wait upon
+Miss Howe, with the request that she and the young physicians accept
+positions in a school which he wished to establish in Shanghai. His aim was
+to develop a University for women which would train women teachers, and he
+wished also to have a medical department in connection with it.
+Foot-binding concubinage, and slavery were dealt with directly in the
+prospectus; Sunday was to be observed as a holiday; and liberty of
+conscience in the matter of religion was to be allowed. While no religious
+books might be taught in the school, no objections were raised to religious
+work being done privately. When this request was brought to the Women's
+Conference of the Methodist Mission they passed a resolution expressing
+their sympathy with the proposed plan, and advising the acceptance of the
+positions by Miss Howe and one of the doctors, &quot;if in the process of the
+development of the plans they feel it best to do so.&quot; Al<a name="Page_132" id="Page_132" />though as the
+plans developed Miss Howe and the doctors finally decided that they could
+be more useful in Kiukiang, the offer shows the interest felt in the work
+of the young physicians, even in the highest official circles.</p>
+
+<p>At the close of the first year, Dr. Kahn reported:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;With the exception of a month spent at the Nanking Memorial
+    Hospital we have kept up our work steadily ever since our return to
+    Kiukiang. At present we have regular dispensary work, and our Bible
+    woman spends her time faithfully teaching the women. As she is
+    quite an elderly woman, has been very well trained and educated,
+    and above all is an earnest Christian, we are sure that her
+    influence will not be small on those with whom she is brought in
+    contact. Then again, she is a good chaperon to our girls who are
+    preparing to be nurses. There are three girls who have been in the
+    girls' school from five to six years, and now choose to take up
+    nursing as their life work. They assist in the dispensary, help
+    make up the drugs, attend to the hospital patients, and recite two
+    lessons to us every day. Later on we hope to have them assist in
+    our operations and go out with us when we need them.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;At present we have six patients in the hospital, and although the
+    number may seem small, yet our hospital has been opened scarcely
+    two months, and it is so tiny that it <a name="Page_133" id="Page_133" />appears quite full. The
+    hospital is merely a Chinese dwelling, heightened and improved by
+    floors and windows.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;During the year two or three interesting trips have been made by
+    us into the country. The first one was made by Miss Stanton and
+    myself to the capital of the province, to attend the wife of an
+    official. We brought her home with us, and while here undergoing
+    treatment she studied the Bible every day and enjoyed it very much.
+    Later, when she returned home, she recovered completely, and now
+    two of her sons are in our mission school. Her husband gave one
+    hundred dollars for the dispensary and two merit boards or tablets
+    to us, and he said he would help us in raising money for the
+    hospital....&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;One thing which pleases us very much is that those whom we have
+    treated outside, when they get well almost invariably come and call
+    on us, and even go with us to church.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>The following year she wrote:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;The time has come again for us to give our yearly report and we
+    are very glad to be able to say that the work has advanced in every
+    direction. The year has been a very unhealthy one and fevers have
+    simply flourished, so that our nurses have been kept very busy
+    caring for patients often in a critical condition. During the year
+    we were enabled to make four visits into the country. Miss Stanton
+    has been more free to do evangelistic work and take long trips than
+    previously, and it has been a privi<a name="Page_134" id="Page_134" />lege for one of us doctors to
+    accompany her on the journeys. By taking turns, one of us could
+    always attend to the regular work. People are awakening everywhere,
+    and crowds flock to us to hear the truth and receive medical
+    treatment. Sometimes we dispense medicine to one or two hundred
+    people a day. Our stock of medicine usually gives out, and many
+    people have had to be turned away for lack of drugs. Everywhere
+    they begged us to come and visit them again. At one place a party
+    of women came at night to the boat where Miss Stanton and I were
+    staying, inviting us to go ashore and organize a church. They told
+    us: 'Men can hear preaching sometimes on the street; but we women
+    never have an opportunity to hear anything except when you ladies
+    come to teach us.'&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>During that year, the second of their practice, the young physicians were
+able to report 90 patients treated in the hospital, 134 in homes, 3,973 in
+the dispensary, and 1,249 during country trips, making a total of 5,446.</p>
+
+<p>Their third year was also a very prosperous one, not only in their work
+among the poor, but also in the number of calls which they received from
+the class of people who were able to give them ample compensation for their
+services. This money was always turned into the mission treasury by the
+young physicians, <a name="Page_135" id="Page_135" />who also, for four years, gave their services to the
+Woman's Missionary Society without salary, in return for the four years of
+training which they had received at Ann Arbor. An interesting glimpse of
+the impression they made upon their fellow-workers is given by a letter
+from one of the missionaries written at this time: &quot;None who know our
+beloved doctors, Mary Stone and Ida Kahn, can do otherwise than thank God
+for raising up such efficient and faithful workers. It is difficult to
+think of any desirable quality which these two ladies do not possess. To
+this their growing work gives witness.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Kahn was honoured in the latter part of the year by being appointed as
+the representative of the women of China to the World's Congress held in
+London, June, 1899.</p>
+
+<p>The hearts of the doctors were gladdened during this year by the prospect
+of a hospital building in which to carry on their work. Early in 1900 Dr.
+Kahn wrote happily to Dr. Danforth, whose gifts had made the building
+possible:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;Work on the building is going on merrily, and the results are
+    pleasing so far.... As to our work at present, we can truly say
+    that never before has it seemed so encouraging. This being the
+    Chinese New Year month we <a name="Page_136" id="Page_136" />have usually had scarcely any patients,
+    and at least for a number of days no patients at all; but this year
+    we had no day without patients, and often had thirty, forty, and
+    even over fifty patients a day, which is certainly unprecedented.
+    You cannot imagine how strong a prejudice the average Chinaman has
+    against doing work of any kind too soon after New Year's. Not only
+    is it the only holiday of any duration they have during the year,
+    but it is ill luck to work too early.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;While standing at the gate on the second day, watching the
+    patients straggling in, I saw one of them brought on a stretcher.
+    It was a pretty little girl who had been badly burned by the
+    upsetting of a foot stove under her wadded garments. As they came
+    up an old woman who carried one corner of the bamboo bed called
+    out, 'Doctor, have you opened your accounts yet?' meaning have you
+    begun work yet. I answered, 'Why, our accounts have never been
+    closed, so we did not need to reopen them!' 'Yes,' she said, 'I
+    know, and I wish you many congratulations for the New Year, and may
+    you have much custom during the year.' Think of what that implies!
+    Then she went on volubly describing what a time they had in getting
+    people to carry the bed, for no money could induce them to come,
+    and finally she and a few boy cousins had to bring her. A few days
+    ago her people came and fired lots of crackers, as well as hung up
+    long strips of red cloth outside our gate, in order to show people
+    that we have accomplished a <a name="Page_137" id="Page_137" />cure for them and they wish to express
+    their gratitude in public.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>A few months later the Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial Hospital was
+completed; but just as they were about to occupy the new building the Boxer
+uprising assumed such serious proportions that all work had to be dropped,
+and the women were forced to leave the city. The doctors accompanied the
+other missionaries to Japan, and remained there for a few months; then came
+back to China and spent a few weeks in Shanghai, until the country had
+quieted down sufficiently to make it safe to return to the interior. The
+weeks in Shanghai were not idle ones, for they found plenty of patients to
+treat during their stay there.</p>
+
+<p>There were many missionaries from various parts of China gathered in
+Shanghai at this time, and the women improved the opportunity thus afforded
+by the presence of so many workers for a conference on the various phases
+of women's work. Dr. Kahn was asked to give an address on Girl Slavery at
+this conference, and made a great impression by her powerful plea for the
+abolition of this wicked practice. Her appeal had added force because she
+was a Chinese woman herself, and this <a name="Page_138" id="Page_138" />evil custom had come close to her
+life. &quot;She was my best friend in school,&quot; she said of one victim, &quot;and her
+mind was as beautiful as her person. We were baptized together and she
+confessed to me that she would like to devote her life to Christian work,
+adding so sadly that she must try first to help her opium-smoking father.
+Where were gone her longings and aspirations when she was sold by him to be
+the concubine of a man sixty years of age! Surely on this eve of China's
+regeneration, we, the more favoured ones, must plead with all our might
+that all these unnatural customs shall be swept away with the last relics
+of our country's barbarism.&quot;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<a href="images/img07.jpg"><img src="images/img07_th.jpg" width="400" height="636" alt="A Nurse in Dr. Kahn&#39;s Hospital" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>A Nurse in Dr. Kahn&#39;s Hospital</b>
+</div>
+
+<p>The doctors were soon able to recommence work in Kiukiang, and with their
+fine new hospital they worked under far more favourable conditions than
+heretofore. A letter from Dr. Kahn tells of their enjoyment of the new
+building: &quot;It is now a pleasure to see the little crowds of women and
+children sitting comfortably in the easy seats of the dispensary waiting
+room, and to notice how they enjoy the talks of the Bible woman. In former
+years they were always huddled together in a dark room, or else were
+scattered here and there in our front yard, and the Bible woman had great
+difficulty to get them to listen quietly.<a name="Page_139" id="Page_139" /> The new drug room is a
+constant delight. The operating room, too, is our pride, because it is so
+light. The confidence which people had in our work before last year's
+troubles broke out, appears to revive again.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The following summer, Miss Robinson, of Chinkiang, visited the doctors in
+their new quarters. A letter written from their home reads: &quot;We find them
+as skilful in housekeeping as in hospital-keeping, and excelling in the
+happy art of making their guests at home. Such all-round women are a
+priceless boon to their native sisters. I want to have our graduates attend
+the coming annual meeting in Kiukiang, improving this opportunity of
+bringing them in contact with the doctors, who have long since become the
+ideals of our school girls.... Referring to the fear some native Christians
+have shown of sending their girls to a school having manual labour in its
+curriculum, Dr. Ida exclaimed hotly, 'This fear of work is the bane of
+China.' Here are two doctors of exalted privileges, educated abroad,
+honoured alike by native and foreigner, and yet putting their hand to
+cooking and housework of every kind, as the need may be, without a thought
+of being degraded thereby; a glorious object-lesson to accompany the
+teachings of the mission schools.&quot;</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140" />IV</h3>
+
+<h3>PIONEER WORK IN NANCHANG</h3>
+
+
+<p>In the first year of the young physicians' practice in China, a launch had
+been sent to Kiukiang by one of the high officials of Nanchang, the capital
+of Kiangsi province, with the request that one of the physicians should
+return to Nanchang in it and treat his wife, who was very ill. Dr. Kahn
+went, and brought the woman back to Kiukiang with her. After a few weeks
+under the doctors' care she returned to Nanchang completely recovered, and
+gave such glowing accounts of the benefit she had received that many of the
+wealthy ladies of the city followed her example and went to the Kiukiang
+hospital for treatment.</p>
+
+<p>At that time no American missionary work was being done in Nanchang; but
+the successful treatment of the wife of the official is said to have
+&quot;opened the gates to Protestant missionaries.&quot; The Methodist Mission soon
+established a station there, and the work grew rapidly in spite of the fact
+that Nanchang was not an altogether easy place in which to work.<a name="Page_141" id="Page_141" /> As it
+was in the interior and off the highway of travel, little was known of
+foreigners. Moreover, there was a rowdyish element of the population which
+was very hostile to them and everything connected with them, as Dr. Kahn
+had good cause to know. Soon after the work in Nanchang had been begun by
+their mission, she and Miss Stanton made a trip there, the latter to do
+evangelistic work, Dr. Kahn for medical work. Dr. Kahn shall tell the story
+of their experiences:</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 516px;">
+<a href="images/img08.jpg"><img src="images/img08_th.jpg" width="516" height="400" alt="A Village Crowd" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>A Village Crowd</b>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 512px;">
+<a href="images/img09.jpg"><img src="images/img09_th.jpg" width="512" height="400" alt="One of Dr. Kahn&#39;s Guests" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>One of Dr. Kahn&#39;s Guests</b>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;One afternoon, Miss Stanton and myself went to call on some ladies
+    of the Plymouth Brethren Mission, the only other Christian mission
+    besides our own in the city. The day being warm Miss Stanton had
+    the rain cover of her sedan chair removed. Unfortunately it was a
+    hired chair and there were no side curtains, neither was there an
+    upper curtain in front. When we had gotten fairly started boys
+    began to follow us, and by the time we had reached our destination
+    quite a crowd was with us, and rushed into the compound ahead of
+    us. Once in, we planned to cover the chair; and also waited till
+    dark for our return, hoping that by that time the crowd would have
+    dispersed.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;However, when we got ready to start, there was a large crowd still
+    clustered around the court and door. They allowed Miss Stanton to
+    get into her chair first and start off, but when I followed, then
+    the fun began. The <a name="Page_142" id="Page_142" />coolies would take a step or two, then the
+    chair would be pulled almost down. Yelling at them was of no avail.
+    Finally a stone was thrown and one of the windows broken, so I
+    thought it was time to walk. The crowd called out, 'A foreigner! a
+    foreigner!' I was almost ready to cry with vexation, and could not
+    help telling the people that they were cowards and barbarians. One
+    or two of the bystanders now began to take my part, and
+    administered a blow or two to those who seemed to be too
+    obstreperous, telling me at the same time not to be afraid. I
+    started to enter the largest residence near me, but the gatekeeper
+    slammed the door in my face so I went on ahead. One of my volunteer
+    helpers said, 'There is the residence of the official Yang, where
+    you can find shelter.' So he led me into a house where a couple of
+    women were sitting in the great room. Rather abruptly I told them
+    that I was pursued by a crowd, and asked if I could find shelter
+    there until I could send word to my people. My guides also
+    explained that the people took me to be a foreigner. To my surprise
+    the ladies welcomed me cordially, and ordered the doors to be shut
+    on the crowd. Now all my friends will be ashamed to know that I
+    could not repress my tears, but after a good cry I felt relieved.
+    The people in the house urged me not to be afraid. I told them I
+    was not afraid; I was disgusted that my people could be so mean. My
+    hostess related several instances where ladies coming home alone in
+    their chairs had been pulled about, and <a name="Page_143" id="Page_143" />deplored the fact that
+    there were so many rowdies everywhere.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;Very soon the church members heard of my trouble and came to
+    escort me home. As we wended our way homeward fresh members joined
+    us till we formed quite a procession with lights flashing
+    everywhere. Indignation was felt by all, so some of the party went
+    back to demand the arrest of the ringleaders. How thankful I was to
+    get back safely to our mission compound. Miss Stanton's chair
+    coolies had assured her that I was following behind, and she
+    thought everything was secure. The church members were at prayer
+    meeting and did not notice my non-arrival. The delay I think must
+    have been providential, for had the members rushed there and found
+    a crowd, I fear more trouble must have resulted.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;Very soon the husband of a wealthy patient came and offered many
+    apologies for the bad conduct of the people. How do you suppose he
+    found out about the matter? He was returning home from a feast, and
+    seeing so many Methodist lanterns (please do not smile, for the
+    lanterns have 'Methodist Church' written on one side, and 'Gospel
+    Hall' on the other) asked what it meant, and learned of the
+    trouble.... Certainly the devious ways of my own countrymen never
+    struck me so forcibly before. How much we do need the truth to
+    shine in upon us and change us completely.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>Yet it was to this city that the Christian physician's heart went out in
+such compassion <a name="Page_144" id="Page_144" />that, for its sake, she was not only willing, but glad to
+leave her home in Kiukiang, the prosperous work which she had been doing in
+fellowship with her lifelong friend, Dr. Stone, and the beautiful new
+hospital to which she had long looked forward with so much eagerness.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;This old city of Nanchang with about three hundred thousand inhabitants,
+and surrounded by a thickly settled country, has not a single educated
+physician,&quot; one of her letters reads. &quot;Do you know what that means? The
+people realize their need and asked us to go and live among them. One of
+the church members offered to give us, free of charge, a piece of land
+situated in a fine part of the city, for either a hospital or a school lot.
+The pastor said he could raise $1,000 among the people if we would only
+begin medical work there. Do you think we ought to refuse that offer, which
+is a wonderful one, because the church has only just been established
+there? 'And when they came to Jesus they besought Him instantly, saying
+that he was worthy for whom He should do this.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The people of Nanchang, both Christian and non-Christian, pleaded so
+eagerly for medical work, and promised to do so much toward its support,
+that the missionaries agreed with Dr.<a name="Page_145" id="Page_145" /> Kahn in feeling that a door to great
+opportunity was open before her, which it would be a serious mistake not to
+enter. Accordingly, early in 1903, she responded to what Dr. Stone termed
+&quot;the Macedonian call,&quot; and began work in Nanchang.</p>
+
+<p>The Woman's Foreign Missionary Society did not feel able to assume any
+responsibility for the financial support of the medical work in the new
+field, beyond that of the doctor's salary. But Dr. Kahn firmly believed
+that missionary work should be just as nearly self-supporting as possible;
+and since many of the urgent invitations from Nanchang had come from homes
+of wealth, she was very willing to attempt to carry on medical work there
+on a self-supporting basis. In an article on the subject of self-supporting
+medical missionary work, written for the <i>China Medical Missionary
+Journal</i>, she gave some of her reasons for believing in self-support, and
+her theories as to how it might be carried out.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;To the many of us, no doubt, the thought naturally arises that we
+    have enough problems to deal with in our work without having to
+    take up the irksome question of self-support. Yet at the present
+    time, when every strenuous effort is being made to evangelize the
+    world in this generation, any plan which can help forward such a
+    movement at once assumes an <a name="Page_146" id="Page_146" />aspect of vital importance in our
+    eyes. Let it not be presumed that self-support is to be recommended
+    as possible to every medical missionary. On the contrary, I fear,
+    only by those fortunate enough to be located in large cities could
+    the effort be attempted with any hope of success. Yet in a measure
+    the question concerns every one of us, because in its different
+    phases self-support is sure to be pressed upon all of us with more
+    or less force. Personally, my work was undertaken in Nanchang
+    partly from faith in the principle, partly because there were no
+    funds available to institute medical work on any other basis. My
+    faith in the principle is founded upon the belief that anything of
+    value is more appreciated when something has been asked in exchange
+    for its worth, from those perfectly able to effect the exchange....
+    The ordinary people who seek help from the missionary will retain a
+    higher measure of self-respect, and also suspect less the motives
+    of the benefactor. The rich will appreciate more highly the
+    services received, besides having the added glow of satisfaction in
+    helping forward a worthy charity....&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;There should be no ironclad rules, however; each case must be
+    counted on its own merits. Generally speaking, it might be well for
+    the physician in charge to state plainly that the very poor are to
+    be treated free of charge and have medicines, and occasionally food
+    supplies, gratis. Those a little better off may help a little in
+    paying for the medicines.<a name="Page_147" id="Page_147" /> The next step above that is to pay
+    partly for the treatment as well; while the highest grade is to pay
+    in proportion to the amount of help received. All this means a good
+    deal of thought on the part of the physician and assistant, but
+    gradually it will become routine work and so demand less labour.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;Is self-supporting work a missionary work? Assuredly yes; for is
+    not the money thus gained used in giving relief to the poor?... And
+    if all money received goes again into the work, to increase its
+    efficiency, why may it not be counted missionary? Part of it is
+    given as thank-offering by those who are not Christian, and all is
+    given for value received from Christian effort. Our Lord healed
+    diseases without money and without price. If we ask, 'What would
+    Jesus do?' under our existing circumstances, the suggestion comes
+    to my mind that it would be something different in form, but not in
+    principle, from what He did in a different land, under far
+    different circumstances, nineteen hundred and more years ago.
+    Someone says we are to follow Jesus, not to copy Him; and the
+    principal thing, it seems to me, would be always to abide in the
+    Spirit of the Christ, by whatever method we feel constrained to
+    render our little service.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>Although the new step was taken so bravely, it was not an easy one. Some
+idea of the courage it required is shown by the doctor's report of her
+first year in Nanchang; &quot;The <a name="Page_148" id="Page_148" />very thought of making a report causes many
+poignant memories to rush upon us. With what hesitancy and timidity did we
+begin our work in the new field! Knowing our own limitations, it was not
+with a light heart that we began the new year. Yet,&quot; she was able to add,
+&quot;as we toiled on, we could but acknowledge that we were wonderfully led
+along 'The Pathway of Faith.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Enough money was contributed by the Nanchang people to enable Dr. Kahn to
+rent a house in the centre of the city, in which dispensary work could be
+carried on, and in which she lived. They also supplied her with a small
+stock of drugs with which to begin work, and she treated something over two
+thousand patients during the first eight months. The number seemed small
+after the work to which she had been accustomed in Kiukiang; but she was
+becoming known in the city, and in addition to her patients several of the
+women of the city had called on her in a purely social way, many of them
+educated women of the official class. Dr. Kahn says of them:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;As the wives and daughters of expectant officials they are
+    representative of the better class of the whole country, for they
+    are assembled from every province. It is pleasing to note that
+    dignity and modesty are often <a name="Page_149" id="Page_149" />combined with real accomplishment
+    among them. It is amongst these that there is a marked eagerness to
+    learn something better. They talk about their country incessantly,
+    and deplore with real sincerity her present condition, of which
+    many of them have a fairly good knowledge. To these we tell over
+    and over again that the only hope of China's regeneration is in her
+    becoming a Christian nation, and that only the love of Christ can
+    bring out the best qualities of any people....&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>As to the financial side of the work, Dr. Kahn reported: &quot;The outlook is
+most promising. During the eight months I have received over $700 from the
+work, and as much more has been subscribed.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>During the succeeding two years the work developed steadily. The number of
+patients treated at the close of 1905 was almost three times the number
+reported in 1903, and Dr. Kahn wrote, &quot;We have tried to check the number of
+patients, simply because we did not feel financially able to treat so
+many.&quot; The rent which she had been obliged to pay for her building in the
+city had been a heavy burden financially. Great was her delight therefore
+to be able to report, at the end of this year, a new $2,000 building for
+dispensary purposes, the money for which had been secured partly from fees,
+partly from sub<a name="Page_150" id="Page_150" />scriptions. &quot;With the incubus of a heavy rent off our
+shoulders we may be able to relieve more patients, as we would wish,&quot; she
+wrote.</p>
+
+<p>The dispensary building was not the sole cause for rejoicing that year; for
+in addition to it a fine, centrally located piece of land, worth $3,600,
+was given for a hospital site. &quot;All the assistance received has been from
+the gentry and not the officials, and therefore it really represents the
+people and we feel much encouraged by the fact,&quot; reads Dr. Kahn's report.
+The gentry wanted to make over the deeds of the property to the doctor.
+This, however, she would not permit, but insisted that they be made in the
+name of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Church,
+assuring the donors that the work would then be on a permanent basis, as it
+could not be if the deeds were made out in her name.</p>
+
+<p>It would not have been just cause for discouragement had the work dropped
+off the next year; for a dispute between some French Catholic priests and
+the Nanchang magistrates led to such serious disturbances and bloodshed
+that the missionaries were obliged to flee for their lives. Dr. Kahn
+refused to leave her work until the last possible moment, and returned just
+as soon as it was at all safe to do so. At the end of the year she was able
+to <a name="Page_151" id="Page_151" />report that although it had been necessary to close the dispensary for
+three months, fully as many patients had been treated in the nine months as
+in the twelve months of the year previous. Another gift had also been
+received from the gentry, a piece of land near the hospital site, on which
+a home for the physician was already in process of building.</p>
+
+<p>During 1907 the work continued to grow steadily in scope and favour. Dr.
+Kahn's annual report for that year shows something of its development: &quot;My
+practice has increased steadily among the foreigners and Chinese, until now
+we have patients come to us from all the large interior cities, even to the
+borders of Fuhkien. You would be surprised to know how many foreigners I
+treat in this out-of-the-way place. During the year we have treated over
+eight thousand patients. The evangelistic work among them has been better
+undertaken than ever before, and I am sure we shall see results in the near
+future. Several inquirers have been accepted, and seven women have been
+taken in as probationers.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Although the demands of her work in Nanchang are constant and absorbing,
+Dr. Kahn has never become provincial in her interest; while working with
+whole-hearted devotion in her own corner, she still keeps the needs <a name="Page_152" id="Page_152" />of the
+entire field in mind. At the fifth triennial meeting of the Educational
+Association of China, held in Shanghai in the spring of 1905, she gave an
+address on &quot;Medical Education,&quot; in which she said in part:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;Turn the mind for a moment to the contemplation of China's four
+    hundred millions, with the view of inaugurating effectual modern
+    medical practice in their midst. How many physicians are there to
+    minister to this vast mass of humanity? Barely two hundred! Such a
+    ratio makes the clientele of each physician about two million. What
+    would the English-speaking world think if there were only one
+    physician available for the cities of New York and Brooklyn! Yet
+    the people of these cities would not be so badly off, because of
+    the steam and electrical connections at their command.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;We as missionary physicians recognize our own inadequacy and the
+    imperative demand for native schools. How can we undertake to help
+    spread medical education in China with the limited means at our
+    command? Shall we simply take unto ourselves a few students as
+    assistants, and after training them for a few years turn them out
+    as doctors? By all means, no! Take us as we are generally situated,
+    one or two workers in charge of a large hospital or dispensary, is
+    not the stress of our professional work almost as much as we can
+    bear? Then there are the people to whom we ought to give the bread
+    of life as diligently <a name="Page_153" id="Page_153" />as we minister to their bodily needs. Add to
+    this the urgent need of keeping up a little study. Where comes the
+    time and strength to teach the students as they should be taught?
+    Certainly to the average missionary such work as the turning out of
+    full-fledged doctors ought to be debarred. It seems to me that what
+    can and ought to be done is to single out promising students who
+    possess good Christian characters as well as physical and mental
+    abilities, and send them to large centres such as Peking, Canton,
+    Shanghai, and Hankow, where they might take a thorough course in
+    medicine and surgery. In these large cities the case is altered;
+    for hospitals and physicians are comparatively numerous, and much
+    could be done in a union effort. I am glad one or two such schools
+    have been inaugurated.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;As stiff a course as possible ought to be arranged and if it is
+    thought best the whole thing might be outlined by the China Medical
+    Missionary Association. For entrance requirements there should be
+    presented a solid amount of Chinese and English, with some Latin
+    and perhaps one other modern language. That may seem a great deal
+    to ask at present, but our higher schools of learning ought soon to
+    be able to supply such a demand, as well as the necessary training
+    in mathematics, physics, chemistry, etc. In other words the student
+    must be equipped in the very best manner for his lifework.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;During the present generation at least, if not longer, the women
+    of China will continue <a name="Page_154" id="Page_154" />to seek medical advice from women
+    physicians, and to meet the demand we must confront and solve
+    another problem. Co-education is impracticable just at this
+    juncture. We must have either an annex to the men's college, or a
+    separate one entirely. Whichever plan is adopted it matters not,
+    barring the 'lest we forget' that it is just as important to
+    establish medical schools for women as for men.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;In the golden future when schools abound we shall have to think of
+    state examinations; but at that time we shall expect to be ready to
+    greet the blaze of day in this wonderful country of ours, when she
+    has wakened from the long sleep we often hear about, and taken her
+    place among the nations of the world, and God and man shall see
+    'that it is good.'&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>At the close of 1907 Dr. Kahn had been back in China for twelve years,
+years of arduous, almost unremitting labour; and her fellow missionaries
+felt that before the work on the new hospital building began she ought to
+have a vacation. Certainly she had earned it. Not only had she worked
+faithfully for seven years in Kiukiang, but she had, within the five
+succeeding years, established medical work in a large city, where she was
+the first and only physician trained in Western sciences. Assisted only by
+two nurses whom she herself had trained, she had kept her dispensary
+running the year around, all day and <a name="Page_155" id="Page_155" />every day. Moreover, she had kept the
+work practically self-supporting, in spite of the fact that she had refused
+to economize by using inferior medicines, or bottles of rough glass which
+could not be thoroughly cleansed. She had insisted that her drugs be of the
+purest, and dispensed in clean, carefully labelled bottles, and had often
+furnished besides the food needed to build up strength. In addition to all
+this, she so commended herself and her work to the people of the city that
+in 1906 she was enabled to hand over to the Woman's Foreign Missionary
+Society, a dispensary building and two fine building lots, to be used for a
+hospital and physician's home.</p>
+
+<p>She was finally persuaded to go to America for a period of change and rest.
+&quot;Rest&quot; for Dr. Kahn evidently means a change of work; for she went at once
+to Northwestern University to take the literary course which she felt would
+fit her for broader usefulness among her countrywomen. Eager to get back to
+China she did three years' work in two, studying in the summer quarter at
+the University of Chicago, when Northwestern closed its doors for the
+vacation. In addition to her University studies, she undertook, for the
+sake of her loved country, a work which is peculiarly hard for her, and
+almost every Sunday <a name="Page_156" id="Page_156" />found her at some church, telling of the present
+unprecedented opportunities in China.</p>
+
+<p>The question may perhaps be raised as to whether days could be crowded so
+full and yet work be done thoroughly. But Prof. J. Scott Clark of
+Northwestern University said of her, at this time: &quot;Dr. Kahn is one of the
+most accurate and effective students in a class of eighty-four members,
+most of them sophomores, although the class includes many seniors. The
+subject is the study of the style and diction of prominent prose authors,
+with some theme work. Last year Miss Kahn attained a very high rank in the
+study of the principles of good English style during the first semester,
+and in that of synonyms during the second semester. In the latter difficult
+subject she ranked among the very best students in a class of over three
+hundred members. She is very accurate, very earnest, and very quick to
+catch an idea. In fact she is nothing less than an inspiration to her
+classmates.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>In the spring of 1910 Dr. Kahn was a delegate to the Conference of the
+World's Young Women's Christian Association held in Berlin, and from there
+went to London for six months of study in the School of Tropical Diseases.
+She had planned to return to North<a name="Page_157" id="Page_157" />western University to complete the work
+interrupted by her trip to Europe, and to receive her degree. Her work had
+been of so unusually high a standard, however, that she was permitted to
+finish her course by correspondence, and was granted her degree in January,
+1911. She completed her course in the School of Tropical Diseases with high
+honour, and in February, 1911, she reached Nanchang, where one of her
+fellow-workers declares, &quot;she is magnificent from the officials' houses to
+the mud huts.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The new hospital was still in process of building, but the doctor began
+work at once in her old dispensary, and the news of her return soon spread.
+In a short time she was having an average of sixty patients a day, and
+several operations were booked some time before the hospital could be
+opened. It was ready for use in the autumn and in October Dr. Kahn wrote:
+&quot;The work has gone on well, and patients have come to us even from distant
+cities clear on the other side of Poyang Lake. The new building is such a
+comfort. It looks nice and is really so well adapted for the work. I would
+be the happiest person possible if I did not have to worry about drug
+bills, etc.... It is impossible to drag any more money out of the poor
+<a name="Page_158" id="Page_158" />people. Our rich patients are very small in number when compared with the
+poor. Yesterday I had to refuse medicines to several people, though my
+heart ached at having to do so. You see I had no idea that the work would
+develop so fast, and things have risen in prices very much the last few
+years.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>At the time that this letter was written the Revolution was in progress,
+and Nanchang, with all the rest of Central China, was in a turmoil. Because
+of the disturbed conditions most of the missionaries left the city, but Dr.
+Kahn refused to leave her work. With the help of her nurses she kept the
+hospital open, giving a refuge to many sufferers from famine and flood, and
+caring for the wounded soldiers. None of the forty beds was ever empty, and
+many had to be turned away.</p>
+
+<p>The close of the Revolution did not, however, bring a cessation of work for
+the doctor. She already needs larger hospital accommodation, three times as
+much as she now has, one of her friends writes. But Dr. Kahn delights in
+all the opportunities for work that are crowding upon her; for she says,
+&quot;When I think what my life might have been, and what, through God's grace,
+it is, I think there is nothing that God has given me that I would not
+gladly use in His service.&quot;<a name="Page_159" id="Page_159" /></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>
+DR. MARY STONE</h3>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Mary Stone Chapters">
+
+<tr><td align='right'>I.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'><a href="#Page_161">With Unbound Feet</a></td>
+  </tr>
+
+<tr><td align='right'>II.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'><a href="#Page_169">The Danforth Memorial Hospital</a></td>
+  </tr>
+
+<tr><td align='right'>III.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'><a href="#Page_183">Winning Friends in America</a></td>
+  </tr>
+
+<tr><td align='right'>IV.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'><a href="#Page_190">A Versatile Woman</a></td>
+  </tr>
+
+</table>
+
+<hr />
+<p><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160" /><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161" /></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<a href="images/img10.jpg"><img src="images/img10_th.jpg" width="400" height="651" alt="{Handwritten} Yours in His service
+Mary Stone" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>{Handwritten} Yours in His service
+<br />Mary Stone</b>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>DR. MARY STONE</h2>
+
+<h3>I</h3>
+
+<h3>WITH UNBOUND FEET</h3>
+
+
+<p>On the &quot;first day of the third moon&quot; of the year 1873, a young Chinese
+father knelt by the side of his wife and, with her, reverently consecrated
+to the service of the Divine Father the little daughter who had that day
+been given them. They named her &quot;Maiy&uuml;,&quot;&mdash;&quot;Beautiful Gem&quot;&mdash;and together
+agreed that this perfect gift should never be marred by the binding of the
+little feet. It was unheard of! Even the servant women of Kiukiang would
+have been ashamed to venture outside the door with unbound feet, and the
+very beggar women hobbled about on stumps of three and four inches in
+length. No little girl who was not a slave had ever been known to grow up
+with natural feet before, in all Central or West China. That the descendant
+of one of the proudest and most aristocratic families of China, whose
+genealogical records run back <a name="Page_162" id="Page_162" />without a break for a period of two thousand
+years, little Shih Maiy&uuml;, should be the first to thus violate the
+century-old customs of her ancestors, was almost unbelievable.</p>
+
+<p>Even the missionaries could not credit it, not even Miss Howe, whose
+interest in the family was peculiarly keen, since Maiy&uuml;'s mother was the
+first fruits of her work for Chinese women, and had ever since been working
+with her. To be sure Mrs. Shih had said to her, &quot;If the Lord gives me a
+little daughter I shall not bind her feet.&quot; But Miss Howe had made so many
+efforts to induce the women and girls with whom she had worked to take off
+the crippling bandages, without having been successful in a single
+instance, that she did not build her hopes on this. One day, when calling
+in the home and seeing little Maiy&uuml;, then five years old, playing about the
+room, she remarked, &quot;My dear Mrs. Shih, you will not make a good job of it
+unless you begin at once to bind little Maiy&uuml;'s feet.&quot; But Mrs. Shih never
+faltered in the purpose which she and her husband had formed at the little
+girl's birth, and promptly answered, &quot;Did I not tell you I should not bind
+her feet?&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The first years of Maiy&uuml;'s life were unusually happy ones. Her father was a
+pastor in the Methodist church, and had charge of the<a name="Page_163" id="Page_163" /> &quot;Converting to
+Holiness&quot; chapel in Kiukiang; her mother was successfully conducting a day
+school for girls. From her mother Maiy&uuml; received much of her earliest
+instruction and before she was eight years old she had studied several of
+the Chinese classics and memorized the Gospel of Matthew and the catechism
+in Chinese so thoroughly that she has never forgotten them.</p>
+
+<p>But as she approached the age when custom required that her feet should be
+bound, the little girl discovered that the way of the pioneer is not an
+easy one. The unbound feet were a constant source of comment and ridicule,
+not only by older people, but by other children as well. She was stopped on
+her way to school one day by an older girl, who taunted her with her &quot;big
+feet&quot; and refused to let her pass unless she would kneel down and render
+obeisance to her own bandaged stumps. The small descendant of the proud
+house of Shih absolutely refused to submit to such humiliation; but it was
+only after her mother's assistance had been invoked that she was allowed to
+proceed on her way.</p>
+
+<p>Relatives and friends protested vigorously against such apparent
+indifference to their daughter's future on the part of her parents. &quot;You
+will never be able to get a mother-in-<a name="Page_164" id="Page_164" />law for her,&quot; they declared. Mr. and
+Mrs. Shih felt, no doubt, that this was true; for who could have then
+prophesied that the time would so soon come in conservative old China when
+young men would not only be willing to marry girls with natural feet, but
+would decidedly prefer them! Maiy&uuml;'s father and mother never reconsidered
+their decision that their daughter should grow to womanhood with natural
+feet; but they did try to devise some plan by which her life might be a
+useful and happy one, even though she might never enjoy the blessing of a
+mother-in-law. They were very much impressed with the service which Dr.
+Kate Bushnell was rendering the suffering women and children of Kiukiang,
+and when Maiy&uuml; was eight years old her father took her to Dr. Bushnell and
+announced, &quot;Here is my little girl. I want you to make a doctor of her.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>This was almost as startling as the unbound feet! A Chinese woman physician
+was unknown and undreamed of. But this young father's faith in the
+possibilities of Chinese womanhood was not to be discouraged. The necessity
+of general education, preliminary to medical training, was explained, and
+Maiy&uuml; was put in charge of Miss Howe, then at the head of the Girls'
+Boarding School of the<a name="Page_165" id="Page_165" /> Methodist Mission. In this school she spent most of
+the next ten years of her life, studying in both Chinese and English, and
+fitting herself under Miss Howe's direction for her medical course.</p>
+
+<p>In 1892, Maiy&uuml; and her friend, Ida Kahn, accompanied Miss Howe to America,
+there to receive the medical education for which they had long been
+preparing. If America held much that was new and interesting to them, it
+was no less true that they were something new and very interesting to
+America. &quot;What makes these girls look so different from the other Chinese
+women who come here?&quot; the Government official who examined their passports
+asked Miss Howe. &quot;All the difference between a heathen and a Christian,&quot;
+was her prompt response.</p>
+
+<p>That there were Chinese girls who could successfully pass the entrance
+examinations to the medical department of the University of Michigan, in
+arithmetic, algebra, rhetoric, general and United States history, physics,
+and Latin, was a revelation to the people of America, and their college
+career was watched with the greatest interest.</p>
+
+<p>While in Ann Arbor, Maiy&uuml; took pity on the professors who found it so
+difficult to pronounce her Chinese name, and decided to use <a name="Page_166" id="Page_166" />the English
+translation of it, Mary Stone, during her stay in America. Accordingly one
+morning when the professor started to call on her, she announced, &quot;I have
+decided to change my name, professor.&quot; The burst of laughter with which the
+class greeted this simple statement was most bewildering to her; but after
+she had seen the joke she often declared that she was &quot;one of the products
+of Christianity, an old maid,&quot; for, as she pointed out, an unmarried woman
+is practically unknown among non-Christians.</p>
+
+<p>During her medical course Mary became more strongly impressed than ever
+before with the evils of foot-binding. Her mother's feet had, of course,
+been bound in childhood, and although Mrs. Stone had never bound the feet
+of any of her daughters, she had not unbandaged her own. For she said that
+if she also had unbound feet people would say: &quot;Oh, yes, she must be from
+some out-of-the-way place where the women do not bind their feet, and so
+she does not know how to bind the feet of her daughters. That accounts for
+such gross neglect.&quot; On the other hand, she reasoned that if she herself
+had the aristocratic &quot;golden lily&quot; feet, it would be evident that her
+failure to bind her daughters' feet was due to principle. But while Mary
+was pursu<a name="Page_167" id="Page_167" />ing her medical studies she became convinced that the time had
+come when her mother ought to register a further protest against the
+harmful custom, by unbandaging her own feet, and wrote urging her to do so.
+Mrs. Stone readily agreed to this. Moreover, at the annual meeting of the
+Central China Mission in 1894, when a large mass-meeting was held for the
+discussion of foot-binding, she ascended the platform and in a clear voice,
+which made every word distinctly heard to the remotest corner of the large
+chapel hall, told why she had never before unbound her feet, and why she
+was now about to do so. Her husband was so in sympathy with her decision
+that later in the meeting he added a few words of approval of the course
+she had taken. The last shoes worn before the unbinding, and the first
+after it, were sent to Ann Arbor to the daughter who had so long been a
+living exponent of the doctrine of natural feet.</p>
+
+<p>After four years at the University of Michigan, during which she and her
+friend, Dr. Ida Kahn, had won the respect and friendship of both faculty
+and students by their thorough work, Dr. Stone went to Chicago for the
+summer, in order to attend the clinical work in the hospitals there. It was
+at this time that she met Dr. I. N. Danforth of that city, who <a name="Page_168" id="Page_168" />was ever
+afterward her staunch friend. He was about to leave for Europe, but found
+time before his departure to introduce Dr. Stone to many of the Chicago
+physicians and hospitals. He says: &quot;She won the hearts of all with her
+charming ways, and got everything she wanted. When I took her to clinics
+she would often not be able to see at first, being such a little woman; but
+the first thing I knew she would be right down by the operating table. The
+doctors would always notice her, and seeing that she couldn't see would
+open up and let her down to the front.&quot; After what Dr. Danforth considered
+a thorough clinical training, including visits to practically all the good
+hospitals in Chicago, Dr. Stone sailed for China with Dr. Kahn, reaching
+there in the autumn of 1896.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169" />II</h3>
+
+<h3>THE DANFORTH MEMORIAL HOSPITAL</h3>
+
+
+<p>On their return to China, Dr. Stone and Dr. Kahn received a most
+enthusiastic welcome from the Chinese. It had been expected that it would
+be necessary for them to spend the first few months in overcoming
+prejudices and gradually building up confidence. But on the contrary,
+patients appeared the third day after their arrival, and kept coming in
+increasing numbers, until in December it became necessary to rent
+dispensary quarters and rebuild a Chinese house to serve as a hospital. Dr.
+Stone reported in July, 1897, that since October of the preceding year, she
+and Dr. Kahn had treated 2,352 dispensary patients, made 343 visits, and
+had thirteen patients in their little hospital, besides spending a month in
+Nanking visiting the hospitals there.</p>
+
+<p>The following year the little hospital was presented with what was probably
+its first, though by no means its last, &quot;merit board.&quot;<a name="Page_170" id="Page_170" /> One of Dr. Stone's
+letters gives an account of this event:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;Two days ago we had quite an occasion. A child had been sick for a
+    long time, and the best Chinese physicians pronounced him
+    incurable. Then it was that they gave us a chance. He is recovering
+    and the parents, wanting to show their gratitude, gave us a 'merit
+    board,' thinking in this way they would 'spread our fame.'
+    Accordingly a day was selected to present the board to us, and we
+    prepared tea and cakes for those who would come. On the day
+    appointed at 2 <span class='smcap'>P.M.</span>, we heard a lot of fire-crackers, rockets, and
+    guns, and a band playing the flute and bugle at the same time. The
+    'merit board,' consisting of a black board with four big carved and
+    gilded characters in the centre, and with red cloth over it, was
+    carried into our guest hall by four men, and set on the centre
+    table. The characters complimented us by a comparison with two
+    noted women of ancient times, who were great scholars. I
+    acknowledged the honour with a low Chinese bow, and a tall, elderly
+    gentleman returned me a bow, without a word being spoken by either
+    of us. Then I withdrew, and he took tea with two of our gentlemen
+    teachers. The company stayed to see the board put up on our wall.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>As the fame of the young physicians grew and their practice steadily
+increased, they found themselves greatly hampered by lack <a name="Page_171" id="Page_171" />of a proper
+building in which to carry on their work. In 1898 Dr. Stone wrote back to
+America: &quot;Our tiny hospital is crammed full. An observer might think that
+we carried home but a slight idea of hygiene. Our hospital measures on the
+outside 28 by 21 at Chinese feet (our foot is one inch longer than yours)
+and we have been compelled to crowd in twenty-one sleepers. The building
+being so small and not protected from the heat of the sun by any trees or
+awnings, by evenings it is fairly an oven, which is certainly not a very
+desirable place for sick people. We are looking forward all the time for
+signs or signals from the women of America to build our new hospital, but
+not a letter comes to bring us this kind of message. Still we are thankful
+for the hope of building some time.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>This hope was realized almost at once, largely through the generosity of
+the friend Dr. Stone had made in Chicago, Dr. I. N. Danforth, who felt that
+no more fitting memorial could be erected to his wife than a hospital for
+Chinese women and children. Dr. Stone and Dr. Kahn drew their own plans and
+sent them to Chicago, where they were perfected in every detail by an
+architect of that city, and sent back to Kiukiang with <a name="Page_172" id="Page_172" />the necessary
+specifications and instructions. These plans were carried out to the letter
+and in 1900 an airy, grey brick building, finished with white granite and
+limestone, plentifully supplied with comfortable verandas, and bearing over
+its pillared entrance the name, &quot;Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial
+Hospital,&quot; was ready for occupancy. But on the very day that the furniture
+was moved in, the American consul advised all foreign women and children to
+leave Kiukiang immediately. The other missionaries were so unwilling to
+leave the young doctors to face the possible dangers from the Boxers alone,
+that they finally prevailed upon them to go to Japan with them.</p>
+
+<p>The hospital escaped any injury, however, and in her report for 1900, Dr.
+Stone said: &quot;Our new hospital is a comfort and constant inspiration to us
+in our work. We were indeed grateful, after half a year's enforced exile,
+to come home and find it intact and ready for use.... During six months
+there have been 3,679 dispensary patients, 59 in-patients, and 414 visits.&quot;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 639px;">
+<a href="images/img11.jpg"><img src="images/img11_th.jpg" width="639" height="208" alt="Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial Hospital, Kiukiang, China" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial Hospital, Kiukiang, China</b>
+</div>
+
+<p>The hospital was formally opened on the seventh of December, 1901, during
+the annual meeting of the Central China Methodist Mission, held that year
+at Kiukiang. The <i>North</i><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173" /><i> China Daily Herald</i> gives the following account
+of this interesting occasion:</p>
+
+<h4>THE OPENING OF A MODEL HOSPITAL IN KIUKIANG</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;On Saturday afternoon the 7th instant, some foreign residents of
+    Kiukiang, the members of the Methodist Central China Mission, and
+    many native friends gathered together at the formal opening of the
+    Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial Hospital, of which two ladies,
+    Drs. Stone and Kahn, are the physicians in charge. There were a
+    number of Chinese ladies, whose rich costumes showed the official
+    rank and wealth of husbands and fathers. The Chen-tai, prefect,
+    assistant prefect and magistrate added their official dignity to
+    the occasion. These were noticeably appreciative of the first hymn,
+    'God save the Emperor.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;Bishop Moore presided, formally opening the hospital; Mr.
+    Clennell, H.B.M., Consul for Kiukiang, gave a very good address, to
+    which Dr. Stuart, American Vice-consul of Nanking, made fitting
+    response. Then followed short, pithy speeches by Drs. Beebee and
+    Hart. The two heroines of the occasion kept modestly in the
+    background, refusing to be introduced, much to the disappointment
+    of the audience. The officials insisted that coming forward would
+    be in entire harmony with etiquette and propriety, but the Chinese
+    young ladies remained firm and were represented by <a name="Page_174" id="Page_174" />their wise
+    teacher, Miss Howe, who has planned with them and for them since
+    their childhood. After refreshments guests were at liberty to
+    saunter across verandas and through the various wards, the room for
+    foreign patients, the convalescents' room, solarium, dark room,
+    offices, reception room, etc., of this admirably planned hospital.
+    The operating room with its skylight, its operating table of glass
+    and enamel; the adjoining sterilizing room, containing apparatus
+    for distilling, sterilizing, etc., are especially interesting to
+    Chinese visitors. The drug rooms are well stocked and furnished
+    with modern appliances, instruments, a fine microscope, battery,
+    etc., and there is the nucleus of an excellent library. Everywhere
+    one finds evidence of wise forethought and careful expenditure.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<a href="images/img12.jpg"><img src="images/img12_th.jpg" width="400" height="633" alt="Dr. Stone, Dr. Kahn, and Five of the Hospital Nurses" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>Dr. Stone, Dr. Kahn, and Five of the Hospital Nurses</b>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;The Chinese have a high regard for the skill and ability of these
+    gifted young physicians. One sees this appreciation, not only in
+    the commendatory tablets hanging in the entrance hall, but in their
+    equally gracious and more serviceable gifts, which together with
+    fees amounted this year to about $2,500. The doctors have had
+    within the last twelve months, 7,854 patients and have made 531
+    out-visits. Their services have been requested by different
+    official families of Kiukiang and Nan-chang, the capital of
+    Kiangsi. Patients come to them from different provinces. The young
+    physicians fearlessly make journeys far out in the surrounding
+    country, crossing the mountains perhaps, but always in per<a name="Page_175" id="Page_175" />fect
+    safety, as they meet only with respect and courtesy. Sometimes
+    after a successful visit their chairs will be draped with a red
+    cloth and the physicians will be carried home in triumph through an
+    admiring crowd, and accompanied all the way by fire-crackers. They
+    hear only pleasant and complimentary remarks from passersby. 'We
+    are afraid of foreigners, but you can understand our nature'&mdash;so
+    the simple-minded country folk sometimes tell them.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>Dr. Stone, describing the opening of the hospital to Dr. Danforth, wrote,
+&quot;The Chinese were very much impressed with your way of commemorating your
+wife.&quot; Dr. Kahn added that one of the highest officials, who was being
+shown through the building, signified his approval by emphatically
+declaring, &quot;It would make any one well merely to stay in such a pleasant
+place.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>As a matter of fact, work had been carried on in the new building for some
+time before the formal opening. It had been ready for occupancy none too
+soon, for in the summer of 1901, the Yangtse River overflowed its banks,
+working great havoc among the crops and homes of the people living near it.
+Dr. Stone wrote Dr. Danforth: &quot;Tens of thousands have been rendered
+homeless and destitute. Some of them are literally starved to <a name="Page_176" id="Page_176" />death. The
+sick and hungry flock to our gates, and for several months we have had over
+a thousand visits each month to our dispensary.&quot; Some idea of the part
+which the hospital played in relieving the sufferings of the flood refugees
+is given by an article in <i>Woman's Work in the Far East</i>, written by Dr.
+Stone at about this time:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;Perhaps friends would like to know how we dispensed the clothes
+    and quilts so kindly sent us. During the winter months very many
+    needy refugees came to our dispensary daily for treatment. Of
+    course we did not have enough clothes to distribute
+    indiscriminately, but only for those who were the most helpless and
+    miserable. We received them by hundreds, and not only had we to
+    give out medicine, but rice, as well as clothing.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;One morning when it was raining outside, an old woman came into
+    our dispensary all exhausted, carrying a child on her back, and
+    another buttoned in front within her clothes. The older one was a
+    boy three years old and the tiny baby in her bosom was only three
+    months old. They proved to be her grandchildren, and the old woman
+    said: 'Never in our lives have we gone out to beg before, and for
+    the last three days we have not had a morsel to eat. Before the
+    floods we were considered well-to-do people, and my son is forty
+    years old and a literary man; so he is too ashamed to beg, but
+    tries to help the family <a name="Page_177" id="Page_177" />by gathering sticks for the fire. His
+    wife is sick in bed with typhoid fever and now the baby has no one
+    to nurse it, and the boy is sick, and I have to take care of them
+    all and beg for a living.' The woman had on only a lined garment,
+    so we gave her one of those wadded gowns that were sent us, and a
+    tin of milk for the baby, and also sent a little rice to make gruel
+    for the sick woman at home.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>This was only one of many cases of need which the hospital sought to
+alleviate. A few days after Christmas of this year Dr. Stone wrote to a
+friend in America: &quot;What a busy time we had getting ready to celebrate the
+joyful event! We gave a good square meal to the refugees, and let them take
+home what they could not finish here. It made me feel happy to see them so
+pleased, and gave us an opportunity to tell them of the greatest Gift to
+mankind. Although we were so rushed that we did not even sit together to
+eat our regular meals, yet we felt it was the happiest Christmas we have
+ever had.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>In addition to the refugees larger numbers of regular patients than ever
+before were coming to the doctors for treatment. The new hospital had
+hardly been opened before Miss Howe wrote, &quot;Patients who are able to bear
+their own expenses are being sent away, be<a name="Page_178" id="Page_178" />cause the present accommodations
+are already overtaxed.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Just at this time, when the doctors' growing reputation, and the increased
+facilities which the new buildings afforded, were greatly enlarging both
+opportunity and responsibility, the question of Dr. Kahn's going to
+Nanchang to open medical work there arose. It is not surprising that at
+first Dr. Stone wondered how she could spare her friend and fellow-worker,
+now that the work was greater than ever before, and every indication
+pointed to large growth in the future. But when she became convinced that
+the opportunity at Nanchang was too great to be neglected, and that only
+Dr. Kahn could meet it, she bade her God-speed and cheerfully accepted the
+added burden thus laid upon her.</p>
+
+<p>Left alone with the entire work in Kiukiang, Dr. Stone's hands were full
+indeed, as the answer which she gave to a request for a synopsis of her
+day's work shows: &quot;We breakfast at half-past seven and then I go to the
+chapel in the hospital and conduct prayers for the inmates and patients
+able to attend. After prayers I make a general inspection of the hospital,
+and then I teach my class of nurses. I take young native girls in their
+teens and give them a thorough course of training such <a name="Page_179" id="Page_179" />as they would get
+in America. I translate the English books into Chinese for them, and
+sometimes put the Chinese books into English too. Then I go to the
+dispensary and am busy there for hours.... In the afternoons I make calls,
+generally on women of rank who need my assistance and have been unable to
+get to the hospital. I return home only when here seems no further work for
+me that day.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>So far from decreasing in number after the medical force had been lessened
+by half, the stream of patients became larger than ever. A few weeks after
+Dr. Kahn had gone, Dr. Stone said, in a letter to Dr. Danforth: &quot;For a long
+time I have been wanting to write to you, but have been so pressed with
+work that I had to let my correspondence suffer. Now I find that I must
+write to you to let you know how crowded we are already, at this season
+when we generally have a scarcity of patients, as it is Chinese New Year.
+Now that our work is better known we seem to draw a better class of people.
+I don't mean very rich people, but the well-to-do, thrifty class, who earn
+their way by labour. Just now I have to accommodate seven private patients
+who are paying their own way, with only two private rooms at my disposal.
+So what do you think<a name="Page_180" id="Page_180" /> I do? I had to put one in our linen room, one in the
+sewing room, one in a bathroom, and finally, as a last resort, we had to
+put one in the nurses' dining-room.... We generally have to put patients on
+the floor in summer, but I am afraid we will not have enough room to
+accommodate more even on the floor.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Stone's dispensary patients soon averaged a thousand a month, and as
+the people's confidence grew, her surgical work also became much heavier.
+In 1906 she reported: &quot;In looking over the record for the year we realize
+that we have advanced decidedly in gaining confidence with the people.
+<i>Tai-tais</i> (ladies of rank) who formerly refused operations, returned to us
+for help.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Often her work kept her busy far into the night and she not infrequently
+fell asleep from sheer exhaustion as she was carried home, in her sedan
+chair, from some difficult case in the country. Yet her work was well done.
+The tribute of a fellow-missionary was well deserved: &quot;Dr. Stone is a tower
+of strength in herself and with her trained assistants carries the large
+work here nobly. She has been eminently successful in surgical cases and is
+having more and more to do in this line.&quot; Another, working in a different
+station, wrote,<a name="Page_181" id="Page_181" /> &quot;It was my happy fortune to be the guest of another ideal
+Chinese woman, Dr. Mary Stone, at Kiukiang. I saw her in her model
+hospital, where every little wheel of the complicated machinery was
+adjusted to perfect nicety.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>As the work grew, it became evident that larger accommodations would soon
+be imperative, and Dr. Stone succeeded in securing some additional land.
+The first addition was a lot which she had long desired to enclose within
+the hospital grounds. For some time she was unable to do this because of a
+road which ran between, but in 1905 the road was moved to the other side of
+the lot, at her petition, and the land was included within the hospital
+compound. &quot;Most of the neighbours have been patients and are friendly,&quot; one
+of her letters reports. &quot;When the magistrate came to see about moving the
+road to the other side of the lot only one man objected. He was soon
+pacified by the magistrate's remark that 'the hospital here is for the
+public good, and when it is in our power to do it a service, we should
+gladly do it.'&quot; Another piece of land was purchased during the same year,
+by money raised entirely from the Chinese.</p>
+
+<p>The next addition greatly delighted Dr. Stone's heart. Adjoining the
+hospital was a <a name="Page_182" id="Page_182" />temple known as &quot;The White Horse Temple.&quot; This was so close
+to the hospital that it made one of the wards on that side damp and dark,
+and, moreover, the noisy crowds of people who thronged it, and the beating
+of the temple gongs, made it a most undesirable neighbour for a hospital.
+Immediately after the annual meeting at which Dr. Stone had been enabled to
+report the purchase of the other lots, a cablegram came from America with
+the good news that $1,000 had been secured for the purchase of the temple
+and the lot on which it stood. Purchasing a temple is quite sure not to be
+an easy task, but in spite of many hindrances Dr. Stone succeeded in
+securing the lot and in making what she gleefully termed &quot;a real Methodist
+conversion&quot; of the temple into an isolation ward.</p>
+
+<p>In 1896 Dr. Stone had landed in China and with Dr. Kahn begun medical work
+in a small, rented Chinese building. In 1906 she found herself in sole
+charge of a large, finely equipped hospital for women and children, with a
+practice which was increasing so rapidly as to make constant additions to
+the hospital property necessary.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 599px;">
+<a href="images/img13.jpg"><img src="images/img13_th.jpg" width="599" height="400" alt="General Ward of the Danforth Memorial Hospital" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>General Ward of the Danforth Memorial Hospital</b>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183" />III</h3>
+
+<h3>WINNING FRIENDS IN AMERICA</h3>
+
+
+<p>In 1907, after eleven years of almost unceasing labour, during four of
+which she had carried the growing work at Kiukiang entirely alone, except
+for the help of the nurses whom she herself had trained, Dr. Stone
+reluctantly laid down her beloved work for a few months. During the winter
+of 1906 she had a severe attack of illness which she herself diagnosed as
+appendicitis, and for which she directed treatment which brought her
+relief. But renewed attacks finally convinced her and her friends that she
+must submit to an operation if her life was to be saved. It was decided
+that she should go to an American hospital, for as a fellow physician
+located at another station of the mission wrote, &quot;We all have a very high
+regard for her and her work, and wanted her to get the best that could be
+had.&quot; Moreover, it was a good opportunity to get her &quot;away from China for a
+much-needed change and rest.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Accordingly Dr. Stone, accompanied by her <a name="Page_184" id="Page_184" />friend, Miss Hughes of the
+Kiukiang mission, sailed from Shanghai, February 9. President Roosevelt,
+who was acquainted with her work and knew of her serious condition, had a
+telegram sent to the Commissioner of Immigration at San Francisco, giving
+instructions that the Chinese physician be admitted with no delay or nerve
+strain. She was therefore passed at once, with all consideration and all
+possible help.</p>
+
+<p>From San Francisco Dr. Stone went straight to the Wesleyan Hospital in
+Chicago, that she might be under Dr. Danforth's care. The operation was
+entirely successful, and early in April, less than a month after reaching
+America, she was sufficiently recovered to take the trip to Miss Hughes'
+home in New Jersey, where she was to rest for a few weeks.</p>
+
+<p>Complete rest, however, was an impossibility to Dr. Stone, even during her
+convalescence, so long as there was any service she could render. Two weeks
+after her arrival Miss Hughes wrote Dr. Danforth that &quot;our little doctor&quot;
+was accompanying her to several of the meetings which she was addressing,
+and was &quot;making friends right and left for her work.&quot; Boxes of instruments,
+pillows, and spreads for the hospital beds, a baby organ for the hospital,
+the support of a nurse, and other <a name="Page_185" id="Page_185" />useful things were being promised by
+these new friends. &quot;Her smiling face, with no word from her even, is a
+wonderful revelation to people who judge the Chinese by the putty-faced
+laundrymen, the only specimen of China they have ever seen,&quot; said Miss
+Hughes. Dr. Stone spent the month of May in New York, attending lectures
+and clinics in the hospitals there. As she was starting for Chicago at the
+end of May, she wrote Dr. Danforth:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;Do you think I shall be able to see much clinic in two weeks? That
+    is the only time allotted me, and my only hope is that you will be
+    the 'master of the situation,' and help me to spend every minute to
+    the best advantage.... I have attended as much clinic as I possibly
+    could this month, but it is awfully hard to get around in New York.
+    Do you suppose I would be able to go directly to Wesley Hospital
+    Monday, and do you think Dr. J&mdash;&mdash; would have the time and the
+    interest to show me the inside methods of the hospital? He wrote me
+    a most kind letter and invited me to do so.... Two weeks will mean
+    a lot if I can be right in the inside track of things. I want some
+    time on the eye and ear work, besides a few clinics on dermatology.
+    I know two weeks will not be enough for the much I want to see and
+    know, but since it is the only time I am to have, I know you will
+    help me to make the most of it.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186" />Thus did the indefatigable little doctor take the &quot;much-needed rest&quot; of
+which her friends in China had written. That she did make the most of her
+two weeks is testified to by Mrs. Danforth, who visited many of the
+hospitals with her, and who says: &quot;In visiting the hospitals she never
+missed a thing. She saw everything&mdash;nothing escaped her notice, not even
+the laundries. She was always keenly alert for every idea that would
+improve her hospital.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>On her way back to the East, Dr. Stone stopped at Ann Arbor, for she was
+eager to revisit her &quot;dear old campus,&quot; and the faculty under whom she had
+taken her medical work. &quot;We had a lovely time in Ann Arbor,&quot; she said in
+writing to a friend. &quot;Dr. Breakey, in whose home we stayed, arranged a
+meeting, or reception, where I saw most of my old professors. Then in the
+parsonage we met all the ladies of our church. Next day I had a meeting in
+the church.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The next few months were filled with almost incessant labour, chiefly
+speaking and making friends for her work. The cordial responses which she
+met everywhere never became an old story to Dr. Stone and her letters are
+full of enthusiastic accounts of them. &quot;Here at Silver Bay, a society wants
+<a name="Page_187" id="Page_187" />to support a missionary and we hope to find the missionary to-night. The
+first was yesterday's work and the second we hope to gain to-day.&quot; Again,
+&quot;Last night on the car we met a gentleman whom I know through my sister
+Anna, and after a few minutes' talk he wants to give me his camera, 5x7,
+for hospital work. Isn't that splendid?&quot; Or, &quot;This morning we went into a
+flower-seed store and what do you suppose the proprietor did but to give us
+the seeds, a big list of all kinds we wanted, and then offered to add a few
+more varieties. We are having lots of fun here.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Stone met with no less enthusiasm in public meetings than in her
+contact with individuals. One of her hostesses tells of her remarkable
+success in arousing genuine interest in her work: &quot;She spoke at churches
+very often while she was with us, and not once did she fail to get what she
+asked for. She did not ask for things in general but for definite
+things,&mdash;pillows for the beds, lamps for the gateway, etc. She is
+irresistible.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The same friend tells of the glee with which Dr. Stone, whose English is
+perfect, delighted to learn modern slang phrases. After practising them in
+the bosom of the family she would sometimes innocently introduce them into
+her <a name="Page_188" id="Page_188" />addresses, invariably bringing down the house thereby. At one meeting,
+after telling a most remarkable story, she remarked, &quot;You may think this is
+a whopper, but it is true!&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Reports of the meetings at which she spoke contain such items as this: &quot;The
+pastor of St. James Church offered to duplicate all money given in the
+collection when Miss Hughes and Dr. Stone spoke. Six hundred and eighty-two
+dollars was the result. A gentleman present offered one hundred dollars for
+a speech from Dr. Stone in his church. The speech was made and one hundred
+and eighty-two dollars put in the treasury.&quot; Other items read: &quot;At the
+district meeting a new auxiliary came into being in &mdash;&mdash; Church. No one
+could resist Dr. Mary Stone's persuasive tones as she went up and down the
+aisles asking, 'Won't you join?' She told the people how much she needed a
+pump in Kiukiang and forthwith the pump materialized.&quot; The <i>New York
+Herald</i> gave a long and enthusiastic report of her work, ending with the
+words: &quot;'Am I not fortunate? And I am so grateful to be able to help a
+little!' is the modest way she sums up a work of magnitude sufficient to
+keep a corps of medical men busily employed.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Everywhere this little Chinese woman made <a name="Page_189" id="Page_189" />friends. The words of one of her
+hostesses are emphatic: &quot;She was in our home for a month, and she is one of
+the most attractive women of any race I have ever met. She is so charming
+that she wins her way everywhere.&quot; &quot;She is so gracious and cordial,&quot; said
+another. &quot;She came into our family just as a member of it. I was not very
+well at the time and she gave me massage every night. Her whole life and
+her whole interest is in doing for others. And the wonderful thing about
+her is her ability to do so much.&quot; &quot;No missionary that we have is more
+greatly loved,&quot; is the verdict of another.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Stone greatly enjoyed her stay in America. &quot;Dr. Danforth called my
+appendix 'that blamed thing,'&quot; she said. &quot;I call it that blessed thing,
+because it brought me to this country and people have been so kind to me.&quot;
+But she was eager to return to Kiukiang, and early in September was on her
+way back to China, rejoicing in renewed health and new friends for her
+work, and in the many gifts which were going to make that work more
+efficient.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190" />IV</h3>
+
+<h3>A VERSATILE WOMAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Chief among the gifts which Dr. Stone received for her work while in
+America, was the entire sum of money needed to build another wing to the
+hospital. The need of this wing had been felt for years, for the hospital
+had become crowded as soon as it was opened. Dr. Stone's ingenuity had been
+taxed to the utmost to enlarge the capacity of the original buildings, by
+putting patients into rooms designed for far different purposes, and even
+partitioning off sections of the halls for them. Still many whom she longed
+to take in had to be turned away. Many times it had seemed as if the
+much-needed addition were almost a reality. But the money would not be
+quite sufficient; or the contractors could not be secured; or prices of
+building material would rise and the cost would prove to be double that
+originally estimated; it seemed as if the wing were too elusive ever to
+materialize. On her return to Kiukiang work on the new wing was commenced,
+and it was <a name="Page_191" id="Page_191" />finished the following autumn. This addition practically
+doubled the hospital work, and Miss Hughes wrote that Dr. Stone was in &quot;the
+seventh or seventeenth heaven over it all.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>At the same time that the new wing was being built, a little bungalow was
+erected in the hills behind the city, where children with fevers could be
+sent to escape the intense heat of the summer months in Kiukiang. &quot;The
+Rawling Bungalow is finished and the children are all up there for the
+summer,&quot; Dr. Stone wrote in 1908. &quot;I know you will be delighted at this
+annex to the hospital. Of course it is only a bungalow ... but it is a
+blessed relief to have this place to which to send the sick little ones and
+those who otherwise would be left to suffer here all summer.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>As soon as the masons had finished their work on the new wing of the
+hospital they began on another new building just beside it; a home for the
+doctor and Miss Hughes, also a gift from friends in America. That, too, was
+completed by the end of 1908, and during Chinese New Year, a time when the
+hospital work was less pressing, Dr. Stone and Miss Hughes took a trip to
+Shanghai to buy furniture for it. It is easy for one who saw the doctor
+then to imagine the keenness with which <a name="Page_192" id="Page_192" />she noticed every detail in the
+American hospitals, for while visiting in the homes of friends in Shanghai
+nothing escaped her quick eye. Miss Hughes' attention was constantly called
+to things that pleased the doctor's taste by her often reiterated, &quot;Look
+here! We must have this in our home.&quot; &quot;Miss Hughes and I shall try to make
+our home so homey,&quot; she wrote to a friend, &quot;and we shall open it for
+everybody, the everyday, common folks as well as the <i>Tai-tais</i>.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The next addition to the hospital property was a home for the nurses, money
+for which had been pledged during Dr. Stone's stay in America. As soon as
+the funds were sent out building was commenced, and in March, 1909, the
+nurses moved into their new home. The accommodations of the hospital were
+thus enlarged still further, and moreover the nurses had a far more restful
+environment in which to spend the hours when they were off duty.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 623px;">
+<a href="images/img14.jpg"><img src="images/img14_th.jpg" width="623" height="400" alt="Nurses of the Danforth Memorial Hospital" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>Nurses of the Danforth Memorial Hospital</b>
+</div>
+
+<p>One who met Dr. Stone in America spoke of the great impression made upon
+her by the doctor's ability to do many things. The demands upon the
+physician in entire charge of the large Danforth Memorial Hospital are
+indeed many and varied, but Dr. Stone has proved equal to them all.</p>
+
+<p>She is a good general practitioner. Prob<a name="Page_193" id="Page_193" />ably the best proof of this is
+the number of patients who throng the hospital gates. In 1908 she reported,
+&quot;Last month we saw over 1,700 people in the hospital and dispensary, and in
+April we saw over 1,800.&quot; A year later she wrote, &quot;Taking the statistics
+for last month I found we treated 2,743 in the month of April.&quot; Her
+successful treatment of the most difficult diseases is all the more
+remarkable to one who knows the tendency of many Chinese not to consult a
+physician until the patient is at the point of death. Their utter lack of
+knowledge of the simplest rules for the care of the sick, and the dreadful
+surroundings in which so many of them live, produce, in those who are
+brought to the doctor after long weeks of suffering, conditions which are
+almost too terrible to describe.</p>
+
+<p>The words of a fellow-missionary throw light on the difficult character of
+Dr. Stone's work:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;Talk of missionary work! People at home don't know the meaning of
+    the word! Here is this plucky little woman in the midst of this
+    awful heat&mdash;I dare not go outside of a shaded room until after the
+    sun is down at night&mdash;treating anywhere from twenty to fifty
+    patients in the dispensary every day, and her charity ward filled
+    with the most trying, difficult, repulsive cases of suffering
+    humanity.<a name="Page_194" id="Page_194" /> Missionary work? Why you don't even <i>find</i> such cases as
+    she has every day, in the hospitals of America. How the people live
+    as long as they do&mdash;how these poor little suffering children
+    survive until they get to the state they are in when brought to the
+    hospital, is more than I can understand.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>Dr. Edward C. Perkins, who visited Dr. Stone for several days, lays similar
+emphasis on the serious condition in which the doctor finds those who apply
+to her for treatment. &quot;The cases which came to the dispensary were sorely
+in need of help. This was, I think, the invariable rule. Such cases they
+were as do not often come to the observance of physicians in this country,
+and some familiarity with the dispensaries of four of the large hospitals
+in New York City, has almost failed to show such need as the little doctor
+sees continually.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>No physician in China can be a specialist. One of Dr. Stone's letters shows
+the variety of diseases which she is called upon to treat. &quot;Women come to
+us almost dead; paralyzed, blind, and helpless.... We have in the isolation
+wards, measles; and in the contagious rooms, locked up, leprosy; an insane
+woman locked up in her room; typhoid, tuberculosis, paralyzed women and
+children, ulcer cases such as you would never dream of, surgical <a name="Page_195" id="Page_195" />cases of
+all kinds, and internal cases too numerous to mention.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>A letter from a Kiukiang missionary tells of one woman who came to the
+hospital with &quot;not a square inch of good flesh on her entire body.&quot; Fingers
+and toes were so diseased as to be dropping off, and the poor woman's
+suffering was unspeakable. Dr. Stone put her in isolation, and taking every
+precaution with gloves and antiseptics, herself washed and dressed the
+repulsive sores, in spite of the sufferer's protests, &quot;Oh, doctor, don't
+touch me. I am too filthy for your pure hands to touch.&quot; This she did every
+day, until, her sores completely healed, the woman was discharged from the
+hospital a few weeks later.</p>
+
+<p>Hon. Charles M. Dow of Jamestown, N.Y., who was taking a trip around the
+world, met Bishop Lewis on a Yangtse-kiang steamer, and was invited by him
+to stop off at Kiukiang to make the acquaintance of a remarkable surgeon of
+that city. Great was Mr. Dow's astonishment when the surgeon appeared and
+proved to be &quot;a small and very attractive native Chinese woman.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Stone is so small that she has to stand on a stool to reach her
+operating table; but Dr. Danforth's testimony is that she is performing the
+largest operations known to surgery, and <a name="Page_196" id="Page_196" />that no Chicago surgeon is doing
+work superior to hers. Moreover she has no fellow physicians to assist her
+in her surgical work. The most delicate operations, for which an American
+surgeon would call in the assistance of brother physicians, internes, and
+the most expert of graduate nurses, are performed by Dr. Stone entirely
+unaided except for the faithful nurses whom she has herself trained. Only
+at rare intervals does she receive a visit from a fellow physician such as
+Dr. Perkins of New York, who, in an interesting account of his stay at
+Kiukiang, tells of performing his first major operation &quot;in her operating
+room and under her direction.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>At first the people were afraid to submit to operations, but the doctor's
+marked success with those who permitted her to operate soon overcame their
+fear. The results of her skilful use of the knife have been most marvellous
+to them. That a young woman of over twenty, who could not be betrothed
+because of a hare lip reaching into the nose, with a projection of the
+maxillary bone between the clefts, could be successfully operated on and
+transformed into a marriageable maiden, seemed nothing short of miraculous.
+Nor was it less wonderful to them that an old woman could, by an operation,
+be relieved of an ab<a name="Page_197" id="Page_197" />dominal tumor from which she had suffered for sixteen
+years, and which, when removed, weighed fifty-two pounds. &quot;The people
+appreciate surgery more and more,&quot; reads one of Dr. Stone's recent letters.
+&quot;A lot of the tuberculosis patients who have seen the quick results from
+operations want me to operate on their lungs.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Another large department of Dr. Stone's work has been the training of her
+nurses. This has been an absolute necessity, for, as Dr. Stone said: &quot;When
+I found I had to run a hospital with accommodations for 100 beds, and an
+out-patient department with sometimes 120 patients a day, I at once found I
+had to multiply myself by training workers. These workers I selected from
+various Christian schools with good recommendations as to qualifications. I
+do not dare to take into training any one who has failed as a teacher or in
+any line of work, because nursing is an art still in its embryo. To succeed
+in this profession one must not only know how to read and write, but also
+know arithmetic and some English.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The course of study which Dr. Stone gives her nurses is about the same as
+that prescribed by the regular training schools, or hospitals, in America.
+To do this she has had to trans<a name="Page_198" id="Page_198" />late several English text-books into
+Chinese for the use of her students. The reliable and efficient nurses who
+have completed the course and are now her trusted assistants in all her
+work, have amply repaid her for all the time and labour she has expended
+upon this part of her work.</p>
+
+<p>In an article on &quot;Hospital Economics&quot; she speaks of the efficient service
+of these nurses:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;I am blessed with five consecrated young women,&quot; she says, &quot;who
+    have completed a course of nursing and studies with me, and I have
+    divided the work into different departments, holding them
+    responsible for the work and for the younger nurses under them. For
+    instance, one of the graduates is the matron, who looks after all
+    the housekeeping and the accounts, watching for the best market
+    time for buying each article in connection with the diet, the best
+    foodstuff for the money expended, and looks after each and all of
+    the servants so that they do their work properly. Another graduate
+    nurse looks after the dispensary, the filling of prescriptions, the
+    weighing and compounding of medicines, and superintends the sale of
+    drugs in that department. Another one has charge of all in-patients
+    upstairs, and another downstairs, including private cases, with
+    junior nurses under her. These look after the special diet, and the
+    carrying out of orders in all the wards and the charting of
+    records. (This is done in Eng<a name="Page_199" id="Page_199" />lish.) Still another nurse has charge
+    of the operating room, with all of the sterilization necessary for
+    all major and minor operations, the distillation of water, and the
+    responsibility of going out to cases with the doctor. In this way
+    it is arranged that in case of all operations the one doctor has
+    her assistants in the operating room, and yet does not interfere
+    with the regular working of the hospital.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>&quot;Dr. Stone is multiplying herself many-fold by her splendid training of
+nurses in the Kiukiang hospital,&quot; is the verdict of Mrs. Bashford, wife of
+the Methodist Missionary Bishop of China. She has watched Dr. Stone's work
+with keen and intelligent interest, and her opinion seems to be justified
+by the results. When after weeks of unusual strain Dr. Stone was persuaded
+to take a short vacation in the mountains back of Kiukiang, her corps of
+fourteen nurses, five of them graduates, kept up the work of the hospital,
+and treated about eighty patients a day in the dispensary. Twice, in answer
+to telegrams, Dr. Stone returned to Kiukiang, only to find each time that
+everything had been done to her entire satisfaction. &quot;Were it not for the
+efficient help I have from my nurses, I should not be able to manage this
+work at all,&quot; she says.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200" />Doubtless one great reason for Dr. Stone's success in raising up efficient
+workers is her confidence in them, and her sympathetic attitude toward
+them. &quot;I believe many a valued worker is lost to her profession through
+lack of sympathy and encouragement when needed,&quot; she once said. &quot;Surely the
+Lord values the workers as well as His work, and we who want our work to
+prosper cannot afford to ignore the interests of those upon whom we depend
+so largely for success.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The nurses in turn have a pride in the hospital as great as the doctor's
+own, and are as devoted to it. &quot;The nurses are fine in standing up for our
+standard of cleanliness,&quot; Dr. Stone wrote to a fellow-physician. &quot;For
+instance, when this patient came (a very poor woman) the nurses got hold of
+her, bathed her, and put her in our clean, white clothes and tucked her
+away in one of these clean white beds in no time.... She begged to keep the
+bandages on her bound feet. 'No,' the nurses said, 'such dirty bandages in
+our clean bed! No!'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Writing to Dr. Danforth of her first graduating class, Dr. Stone said: &quot;You
+may ask if they are going to run away and earn large sums for themselves.
+No, they are going to stay and help me in the hospital work, or <a name="Page_201" id="Page_201" />earn money
+for the hospital. You see, I assign each one to a department of work, and
+she is the head-nurse of that department. Then by turn I send them out to
+do private nursing, and the sums they earn are turned into the hospital for
+caring for the poor who cannot help themselves. Mrs. Wong is nursing Mrs.
+B&mdash;&mdash; of our own mission at Nanking, and when she comes back Miss Chang
+will be sent to Wuhu to nurse a lady of another mission. Dr. Barrie, of
+Kuling, has written to me to engage several for the new hospital at Kuling
+for foreigners during this summer season. I told him I could accommodate
+him because I have three other classes in training.... The spirit has been
+most beautiful among the nurses. Many of them take their afternoon 'off
+duty' to do evangelistic work in the homes of patients.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The well-trained corps of nurses is one of the most convincing testimonies
+to that of which the whole hospital is a proof&mdash;the administrative ability
+of the physician in charge. No detail of a well-managed hospital, from the
+record files and wheel stretchers to the hand-power washing machine, is
+neglected. Nevertheless the hospital is conducted with true economy. Dr.
+Stone defines economy as &quot;the art which avoids all waste and extrava<a name="Page_202" id="Page_202" />gance
+and applies money to the best advantage. It is not economy to buy cheap
+furniture that has to be replaced all the time. It is poor economy to buy
+cheap food and let patients suffer for lack of nourishment.... It is poor
+economy to use cheap drugs and drug your patient's life out. It is poor
+economy to use wooden beds and have to patronize Standard Oil to keep them
+clean. It is also poor economy not to use sheets and thin quilts, instead
+of the heavy comfortables the Chinese have, just in order to save the heavy
+washing and disinfection. It is poor economy to have cheap servants who can
+do nothing. With trained workers to look after instruments, instead of
+having to depend on servants, I find instruments last longer.&quot; As a result,
+the universal testimony of those who visit the hospital is, &quot;Dr. Stone has
+one of the finest hospitals we have ever seen.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>From the outset the doctor's ideal has been to make the medical work as
+largely self-supporting as possible. Of course many of those most in need
+of medical aid could pay nothing for it, nor for their medicines, nor even,
+if they were in-patients, for their food. Others, however, could pay
+something, and still others were able to pay in full. Soon after work in
+the Danforth Hospital was be<a name="Page_203" id="Page_203" />gun, Dr. Stone wrote: &quot;Our ordinary charge for
+food is sixty cash a day or two dollars per month. For private rooms they
+pay ten to twenty dollars, according to the kind of room they have.
+Occasionally we meet some generous Chinese who give freely and thus help a
+great deal our poor patients, some of whom cannot even pay for their rice.
+For instance, one man has paid three hundred dollars this year for his
+wife, who is still here for treatment, and will probably give more when she
+is through. Another man has given one hundred and forty dollars for his
+wife's treatment. Last quarter we received over four hundred dollars, and
+this quarter over five hundred dollars here. We are getting to have more of
+the well-to-do patients.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>A letter written in 1905 tells of ways in which the Chinese assist the
+hospital financially: &quot;It has been my privilege to minister unto many of
+this poor class of people with the fees I receive from the rich. So often I
+find in the morning I earn a good fee, and in the evening I spend it on a
+very poor case. Lately I have been sending a subscription book around. I
+first sent it to the highest official here, and it was immediately returned
+with fifty dollars. It encouraged me very much, for I know the work is
+approved of by the <a name="Page_204" id="Page_204" />officials and the common people, and they are both
+helping all they can.&quot; Once she reported that at a time when the financial
+outlook was unusually discouraging, an unknown non-Christian Chinese sent a
+messenger several hundred <i>li</i> with a gift of money to relieve the
+situation.</p>
+
+<p>Patients who cannot afford to pay anything, but who can use their hands,
+are given sewing to do, and in this way make some contribution toward the
+expenses of the work. The nurses, too, who have received training from the
+hospital, either give their services or the money which they receive from
+private cases. Thus, in various ways, many of the running expenses are met
+on the field, but as so much work is done for the poor, the physician's
+salary and the larger part of the equipment have come from friends in
+America.</p>
+
+<p>Even in the interior of China, and in the midst of the most active of
+lives, Dr. Stone has never ceased to be a student. Early in her work she
+wrote to a friend in America who was also a physician, &quot;We feel that in
+order to keep up in our profession we need occasionally some of the latest
+works, especially since medical science is one of the most progressive of
+all.&quot; Subsequent letters are full of commissions such as, &quot;I need an
+English <a name="Page_205" id="Page_205" />and Latin dictionary very much in the work. Will you buy one&mdash;a
+good one&mdash;for me?&quot; &quot;Will you kindly buy Hyde's work on 'Venereal Diseases,'
+not on Skin, for I have that.&quot; Or &quot;I should like very much to have a work
+on Hygiene. You know the Chinese have such primitive ideas on that subject,
+and if I can get a good standard book I can pick out and translate for the
+benefit of the people. Then if there is still anything left, I would like a
+small book on bandaging and massage, for I want to train new nurses.
+Occasionally, when you see something new and well-tested, such as articles
+you think will help my work, especially anything on tuberculosis, cholera,
+hydrophobia, etc., etc., just remember the back number in China, won't
+you?&quot;</p>
+
+<p>With keen recognition of the inestimable value which her scientific study
+and training have been to her in her work, Dr. Stone has never failed to
+remember the great Source of motive and power, and has ever been eager to
+share with her patients the joy and peace of the Christian religion. Every
+morning she conducts a service in the hospital chapel for the employees of
+the hospital, and such of the patients as are able to attend. At the same
+time the nurses are holding a similar service in the ward upstairs. While
+the dis<a name="Page_206" id="Page_206" />pensary patients are waiting their turn in the examining room, one
+or more Bible women utilize the time by telling them the truths of
+Christianity. Dr. Stone's own mother has done such work for years, morning
+after morning, among her daughter's dispensary patients.</p>
+
+<p>One of the other missionaries at Kiukiang tells of going through the
+hospital one evening, as the nurses were getting the patients settled for
+the night. She noticed a low murmur which she did not at first understand,
+until she saw that at every bed someone was in prayer. Here a mother was
+kneeling by the side of her little suffering son; there another mother of
+high rank was praying that the life of the baby by whose crib she knelt
+might be spared to her. In one corner a woman had crept out of bed and was
+kneeling with her face to the floor; in other places those who were too
+sick to leave their beds were softly praying in them.</p>
+
+<p>The nurses are all Christian women, able to minister to the spiritual as
+well as the physical. Dr. Perkins says of them: &quot;The nurses, too, are
+strongly evangelistic in their thought and effort, and even to one who
+could not understand the language, the atmosphere of Christian harmony and
+the remarkable lack of friction in a place so busy and so con<a name="Page_207" id="Page_207" />stantly full
+of problems, was very noticeable.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>One night Dr. Stone went into the room of a patient who had been greatly
+dreading a serious operation which she was to undergo the next day, to be
+greeted with a radiant face and the words, &quot;Oh, doctor, I'm not afraid now
+of the operation. I've been talking to your God.&quot; Earlier in the evening
+one of the youngest of the nurses had found her crying bitterly and the old
+woman had told her: &quot;I'm so afraid of the operation. You see the other
+woman you told me of was a Christian and of course your God helped her.
+I've never worshipped your God. I never knew of Him before and He may not
+help me.&quot; &quot;Why, you needn't cry over that!&quot; the little nurse assured her.
+&quot;Our God doesn't blame you when no one had told you about Him. Now that you
+know, if you love Him and pray to Him, He will help you.&quot; Then she knelt
+down beside her and taught her how to pray to Him. After the operation was
+over and the patient, fully recovered, was going back to her village, she
+said to the doctor, &quot;I am the first one in our village to hear of Jesus.
+Won't you come <i>soon</i> to my people and tell them.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Stone's letters and reports are full of <a name="Page_208" id="Page_208" />accounts of the way in which,
+from the beginning, the work of the hospital has brought the knowledge of
+the Great Physician to those whose bodies had been so tenderly cared for by
+His followers that their hearts were very open. Whole families, sometimes
+almost entire communities, have become Christian as a result of the medical
+work. An interesting instance of the way in which the hospital's influence
+is spread by its patients is the case of a little girl, eight years old,
+who unbound her feet while in the hospital, and became so ardent an
+advocate of natural feet that after she had returned to the village in
+which she lived, she and her father succeeded in persuading three hundred
+families to pledge that their daughters should have natural feet.</p>
+
+<p>It is quite impossible to separate Dr. Stone's definitely religious work
+from her medical work; for while Sunday afternoons and the chapel hour in
+the morning are set aside by her for purely evangelistic work, her
+Christian faith permeates all that she does. In the first years of her
+practice she did some itinerating work, but now that the work is so large
+and she is the only physician in charge, she has had to give that up. The
+nurses, however, still carry it on. &quot;You see, while I am practically tied
+to the place,&quot; writes <a name="Page_209" id="Page_209" />the doctor, &quot;it gives so much happiness to be able
+to send out workers like these and to spread our influence. As the nurses
+say, they will be able to send a lot of patients back to the hospital. You
+see the more work we have the merrier we are.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Every time an evangelistic worker goes out on the district, one of the
+nurses accompanies her, and with ointments, simple medicines, bandages,
+vaccine, etc., treats several hundred patients in the country beyond the
+reach of physicians. At one time in the bitter cold weather of winter a
+message came from a distant village where smallpox was raging, asking that
+a nurse be sent to treat the sick people and vaccinate those who had not
+yet taken the disease. One woman in that village had once been at the
+hospital, and it was through her that the call came. One of the nurses at
+once volunteered to go, and with a Bible woman and a reliable man-servant
+she took the trip down the river, in a little sampan, to the smitten
+village. During four days she treated over one hundred patients not only in
+the village, but also in the region round about; for she and the Bible
+woman walked thirty <i>li</i> every day to sufferers in the country. While the
+nurse worked, the Bible woman preached, and in this way hundreds of <a name="Page_210" id="Page_210" />people
+heard of Christianity for the first time. As Dr. Stone says, &quot;The cry now
+is not for open doors, for we have free entrance into the homes of the rich
+and poor. What we need now is an efficient force of trained evangelistic
+workers to ... follow up the seed thus sown broadcast on such receptive
+soil.&quot; This need the Training School for Bible Women is helping to meet.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Stephen Baldwin writing to Dr. Danforth said, &quot;The Lord honoured your
+investment by placing in it one of the most wonderful doctors in all this
+world.&quot; But Dr. Stone is not only a physician, but an all-round woman. &quot;She
+is equal to any sudden call to speak,&quot; said one who heard her often when
+she was in America. A report of the Missionary Conference at Kuling, China,
+states that &quot;Dr. Stone's paper on 'Hospital Economics' was the finest
+feature of an attractive conference.&quot; At the request of this conference she
+prepared a leaflet on the diet suited to Chinese schoolgirls, and a few
+years ago wrote a very useful book on the subject: &quot;Until the Doctor
+Comes.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>&quot;I observed her in her home,&quot; writes a missionary who stopped at Kiukiang
+for a few days <i>en route</i> to Peking, &quot;a housewifely woman, thoughtful of
+every detail that might <a name="Page_211" id="Page_211" />ensure a guest's comfort. In a single month
+recently she treated 1,995 women and children, yet she is not too busy to
+be a gracious hostess. Chinese ladies delight to visit her, and such is the
+influence of this modest woman that the Hsien's wife has unbound her feet.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>It may well be questioned, great as are Dr. Stone's achievements, which is
+of more value, the actual work she is doing, or the inspiration which her
+efficient, self-sacrificing Christian life is bringing to the awakened
+womanhood of the new China. The words of Miss Howe regarding Dr. Stone and
+Dr. Kahn indicate their influence: &quot;They seem to be an inspiration to the
+girls and women of all classes. When our schoolgirls learn of anything 'the
+doctors' did when they were pupils, they seem to think they have found
+solid ground on which to set their feet.&quot; A letter from another
+fellow-worker stated that Dr. Stone was to give the address at the
+graduation exercises of the class of 1909 of the Nanking Normal School for
+Women at which the viceroy and &quot;other notables of China&quot; were to be
+present. Dr. Stone was greatly touched when the daughter-in-law of a
+viceroy once said to her that she would gladly give up all her servants,
+her beautiful clothes, her jewels, even her position, if she could lead a
+<a name="Page_212" id="Page_212" />useful life like hers, instead of making one of the many puppets in the
+long court ceremonies, with nothing to think of except her appearance, and
+nothing to do but kill time.</p>
+
+<p>It is a great joy to the doctor to have a part in bringing about a
+realization of the achievements of which Chinese women are capable, and she
+has been willing to make any sacrifice necessary to do this. Soon after Dr.
+Kahn's transfer to Nanchang had left her with almost double work, Dr.
+Danforth wrote that he had found a nurse in one of the Chicago hospitals
+who was willing to go to China, and asked Dr. Stone what she would think of
+having her come to the Danforth Hospital. Dr. Stone replied that while she
+would take her if Dr. Danforth wished, she would really rather not, on the
+whole. Personally, she said, she would have been very glad to have her
+come, but she was eager that her work should accomplish two things which it
+could accomplish only if it were purely Chinese: first, that it should
+convince the Chinese women themselves that they are able to do things of
+which they have never dreamed; and, second, that it should show the people
+of other nations that the only reason why Chinese women have for centuries
+lived such narrow lives is that they have not had opportunity to develop
+<a name="Page_213" id="Page_213" />their native powers. She feared that if an American nurse came to the
+hospital it would look as if the purely Chinese work had failed, and that
+it had been necessary to call in help from America.</p>
+
+<p>Accordingly, although Dr. Stone has sometimes been forced to admit that her
+work has been so heavy as to tax both heart and strength to the utmost, she
+has carried it all these years with no help, except from the nurses she has
+trained. She has counted no task too hard, no labour too constant, if she
+may thereby benefit her countrywomen physically, intellectually, or
+spiritually. &quot;She does not spare herself,&quot; one of her friends writes, &quot;she
+seems unable to do so, and is too tender-hearted to turn the suffering away
+for her own need.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The past year has brought peculiar burdens to the doctor. She carried on
+her regular hospital work as usual, until the disturbances caused by the
+Revolution came so near that all the women and children in the schools and
+hospital were ordered into the foreign concession. This order came at
+night, and by two o'clock the next morning not a patient was left in the
+hospital.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Stone turned over the hospital to the revolutionary leaders, and each
+day she and <a name="Page_214" id="Page_214" />her trained nurses cared for the injured soldiers sheltered in
+it. The leaders of the Revolution urged her to wear the white badge which
+was their emblem, but she told them that while her sympathies were with
+them, as a Red Cross physician she must remain neutral, that she might be
+able to render assistance to the wounded on both sides. Her explanation was
+courteously accepted, and an armed guard was furnished to escort her to and
+from the hospital each morning and evening.</p>
+
+<p>When the Manchu governor of Nanchang was captured he was taken to Kiukiang,
+where, in chagrin at his imprisonment, he attempted suicide. Deserted by
+his servants and soldiers, he would have died alone and uncared for had it
+not been for Dr. Stone, for no one else dared to go near him. Dr. Stone and
+two of her nurses cared for him until the death which they could not
+prevent, but which they made far easier than it would otherwise have been.
+It was this same governor who, but a few months before, had refused Dr.
+Stone the rights of Chinese citizenship because, in purchasing land for a
+men's hospital at Kiukiang, she was buying property for foreigners.</p>
+
+<p>When the leaders of the revolutionary party <a name="Page_215" id="Page_215" />learned that their prisoner
+had committed suicide they were greatly disturbed. None of them dared to
+carry the news to General Ma, lest, in accordance with an old Oriental
+custom, he should punish the bearer of ill tidings. In their perplexity
+they went to Dr. Stone and asked her to take the news to the general.
+Accordingly the little doctor, accompanied only by one of her nurses, went
+to the general's headquarters to break the news to him. It is significant,
+not only of the universal respect accorded the doctor, but also of the new
+position accorded woman in China, that these women, who ventured unattended
+into a soldiers' camp, were received with every courtesy. General Ma asked
+the doctor many questions about her work, and at the close of their
+interview exclaimed, &quot;When things are settled once more, I intend to find
+support for such a work; the Chinese ought to help it.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Because of the disturbances caused by the Revolution, many students in the
+Kiukiang schools returned to their homes. The family of one young woman
+insisted that she make use of this enforced vacation to become married to
+the young Chinese to whom she had long been engaged. The marriage was
+unwelcome to her, for she was a Christian and <a name="Page_216" id="Page_216" />the man was not, but as she
+was the only Christian in her family she received no sympathy from them,
+and the wedding was set for Christmas day. The parents, however, yielded to
+their daughter's earnest desire for a Christian ceremony, and her brother
+was dispatched to Kiukiang to seek Dr. Stone, who had been eminently
+successful in all kinds of operations and might surely be relied upon to
+tie a satisfactory marriage knot. Dr. Stone accordingly left all her
+Christmas engagements, and accompanied by a Chinese pastor and one of her
+nurses, set out, through a heavy snow storm, for the girl's home. When the
+wedding guests were all assembled, Dr. Stone said that she would like to
+say a few words before the ceremony took place, and for an hour and a half
+she told her hearers of the Christian good tidings. The result was that
+when the wedding was over the mother and father of the bride brought their
+idols to her, and allowed their daughter to apply the match to them, for
+both had determined to become Christians. The father said that he wished
+other people to hear the good things Dr. Stone had told them, and would
+give the land for a Christian school. The bridegroom volunteered to do the
+carpenter work which would be necessary before a school could be opened,
+<a name="Page_217" id="Page_217" />and now the young wife is teaching a group of children who have entered
+this new Christian school, and in the new home husband and wife daily unite
+in morning prayers.</p>
+
+<p>After the Revolution was practically over, but conditions were still so
+unsettled as to make it unwise to reopen the hospital, Dr. Stone and
+several of her nurses made a trip to a number of towns in the region around
+Kiukiang. In a recent letter Dr. Stone tells of being given a piece of land
+by the influential people in one of these towns, with the earnest entreaty
+that she leave a nurse there to carry on a permanent medical work. She
+could make them no definite promise, but is hoping that friends in America
+will make it financially possible to support a nurse and dispensary where
+they are so greatly needed.</p>
+
+<p>Truly the Chinese women are blessed in having so perfect an embodiment of
+the ideal woman of the great new China in this unassuming physician, whom a
+friend who has known her from babyhood declares to have the most perfect
+Christian character of any one she knows. After his visit in Kiukiang, Dr.
+Perkins exclaimed: &quot;Such a wonderful woman as Dr. Mary Stone is! I do not
+know of any good quality she does not possess&quot;; and one who has had an
+intimate acquaintance <a name="Page_218" id="Page_218" />with the college women of America says: &quot;What a
+marvel Dr. Stone is! To me she is unexcelled in charm, in singleness of
+purpose, and all-round efficiency, by any other woman I have ever known.&quot;<a name="Page_219" id="Page_219" /></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>
+YU KULIANG
+</h3>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220" /><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221" /></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<a href="images/img15.jpg"><img src="images/img15_th.jpg" width="400" height="637" alt="Yu Kuliang" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>Yu Kuliang</b>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>YU KULIANG</h2>
+
+
+<p>The same year that little Mary Stone first saw the light, on almost the
+same day, in another part of the same city, another little girl was born, a
+member of the same proud old family whose line runs back so many years into
+Chinese antiquity. Unlike Mary Stone, she was not born into a Christian
+home, but it was a home where the parents truly loved each other, and one
+in which she might have spent a very happy childhood, had not the young
+father died while she was still a baby.</p>
+
+<p>The mother, broken-hearted over her husband's death, decided to become a
+Taoist nun and devote the remainder of her life to the search for truth.
+With her baby she shut herself up in a little hut outside of the city,
+seeing no one, and giving her whole time to the care of the child and her
+efforts to find truth. The members of her family, which is one of the
+wealthiest and most aristocratic in Kiukiang, were greatly pleased with
+what they considered an eminently virtuous resolve <a name="Page_222" id="Page_222" />for a young widow to
+make, and applied to the Emperor for his approval of the course she had
+decided to follow. This being heartily given, they built a very comfortable
+home for her on the outskirts of Kiukiang. The building was christened
+Purity Hall, and over its gateway were placed large placards announcing the
+imperial sanction of the life which the young widow had chosen for herself
+and her child.</p>
+
+<p>Here the little girl grew to womanhood, knowing no companionship except
+that of her mother and her teachers. Her mother employed the best possible
+Chinese teachers for her, and she early learned to read the books of the
+three religions of China, that she might join her mother in her pursuit of
+truth. She seldom left the house, and no one but her teachers ever entered
+it, but day after day she pored over the books on Taoism, Buddhism, and
+Confucianism until she had read them all. She, too, became a Taoist nun,
+but continued in the worship and study of Buddhism and Confucianism also,
+determined to find the <i>true</i> religion.</p>
+
+<p>She even surpassed her mother in the ardour of her search for truth, for
+she spent twelve entire years, in periods of three years each, in one room
+of the house, living in the most <a name="Page_223" id="Page_223" />absolute seclusion, not seeing her
+mother, speaking to no one, and hearing no voice, for three years at a
+time. After such a vigil she came out into the rest of the house for a
+year, then went back for another three years of solitude. In one corner of
+this room were the shrine and the altar before which Yu Kuliang knelt hour
+after hour during the years of her long vigil, and the idols, large and
+small, of wood and stone, which were her only companions. She always kept
+three sticks of incense burning before the shrine, one for each religion,
+that she might be sure not to make a mistake. In the ardour of her devotion
+she even made offerings of pieces of her own flesh to the idols. Her whole
+body, even her face, was covered with the ugly round scars caused by this
+self-mutilation.</p>
+
+<p>When Yu Kuliang was a woman of thirty-two she learned that the Stones were
+her cousins, and of her own accord went to call on them. Thereafter the
+doors of &quot;Purity Hall,&quot; so long fast closed to all, were thrown open to the
+Stone family. Yu Kuliang and her cousin Dr. Mary Stone, born at almost the
+same time, living, and having always lived, lives as totally different as
+two lives could be, became fast friends. To Dr. Stone, Yu Kuliang frankly
+confessed that an entire life <a name="Page_224" id="Page_224" />spent in seeking truth had not brought her
+success. She was very willing to listen to all that Dr. Stone had to tell
+her of the truth which she had found, and finally even succeeded in
+summoning up sufficient courage to attend the Sunday morning church
+service. Her years of seclusion had made her so timid, and so afraid of
+mingling among people, however, that the first time she came to the church
+she disguised herself in the garb of a Chinese man. Dr. Stone gave her a
+Bible and she began the study of it at once, with the same earnestness and
+determination to find truth that she had shown in her study of the books of
+the Chinese religion.</p>
+
+<p>After she had once gained courage to attend the church service she came
+frequently, no longer in man's clothes, nor in the coarse, grey cotton
+costume of the Taoist nun, which she discarded soon after knowing Dr.
+Stone, but in the ordinary dress of the Chinese woman. She became a
+frequent visitor to the hospital, too, where she loved to follow Dr. Stone
+from ward to ward, or to sit beside her in the dispensary as she cared for
+the suffering women and children who flocked there daily.</p>
+
+<p>Finally Dr. Stone invited her to come to her for a week's visit, hardly
+daring to hope that <a name="Page_225" id="Page_225" />she would do so; for she had never, since entering
+&quot;Purity Hall&quot; as a baby, spent a night outside of it. But she consented,
+and gladly drank in all that Dr. Stone and the doctor's mother told her of
+the truth which she had so long sought. One day soon after she had gone
+home, when Dr. Stone was calling on her and her mother, the mother drew Dr.
+Stone aside and said, &quot;Since my daughter came back from your house she
+hasn't been upstairs to see the idols once.&quot; After years of ceaseless
+devotion to them, Yu Kuliang had forsaken her idols, and was turning toward
+the living God. Soon afterward, when it was necessary for Dr. Stone to go
+to America for an operation, and for Miss Hughes, who was in charge of the
+Bible Woman's Training School, to accompany her, Yu Kuliang came and asked
+that she might enter the school when Miss Hughes returned from America. But
+when Dr. Stone and Miss Hughes returned to China, they found Yu Kuliang
+suffering from tuberculosis. The long years of self-inflicted imprisonment
+had left her with no vitality to resist, and the disease was making rapid
+progress.</p>
+
+<p>Soon after the doctor's return, Yu Kuliang's mother went away for a visit
+of some days. One afternoon during her absence, when Dr.<a name="Page_226" id="Page_226" /> Stone and Miss
+Hughes were calling on Yu Kuliang, she told them that she was studying the
+Bible, and trying to pray, and added: &quot;I never go near the idols any more.
+They are all upstairs in my old cell.&quot; Dr. Stone at once said: &quot;If you no
+longer believe in the idols, get rid of them. Give them to us.&quot; Yu Kuliang
+assented immediately, saying, &quot;Take them if you want to,&quot; and went upstairs
+with Dr. Stone to get them. They brought down a Buddha and a goddess of
+mercy, which, after a few moments of further talk and prayer, Dr. Stone and
+Miss Hughes took away with them, Yu Kuliang watching them without a murmur.</p>
+
+<p>The next day Dr. Stone and her mother went to see Yu Kuliang again, and
+with her consent and approval chopped to pieces a huge wooden idol, which
+was too large to carry away. When they were wondering what they should do
+with the stump of the body, Yu Kuliang exclaimed, &quot;Throw the horrid thing
+into the ditch!&quot; Thus passed out of her life the idols to which she had
+prayed for hours at a time, before which she had burned numberless sticks
+of incense, beside which she had lived and slept, and which she had made
+her most constant companions all the years of her life. The old temple
+bell, which had for <a name="Page_227" id="Page_227" />years been used to call the gods from sleep, was given
+to Dr. Stone on the same day.</p>
+
+<p>But when Yu Kuliang's mother returned she was furiously angry&mdash;not at the
+daughter to whom she was devoted, but at those who had turned her away from
+her idols. Dr. Stone took the old woman's hands in hers and pleaded with
+her: &quot;You know your daughter does not believe in idols, you know the misery
+of her life, you know how she longs for peace; and as long as you harbour
+the idols in your home, Jesus cannot come into her heart and dwell there.&quot;
+The old woman at once broke out, in the tones of one taking the part of an
+injured friend, &quot;But if your God is such a mighty one, and has the tens of
+thousands of followers you tell us He has, why should He be jealous of our
+poor little idols and those who worship them?&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Stone did not interrupt the tirade which was now poured forth, but
+picked up a piece of wood and a pebble from the floor, and when the old
+woman waited for her to answer, quietly replied to the pebble and bit of
+wood in her hand. Finally the woman said, &quot;Why don't you answer me? You
+have come to see me, and perhaps I have been rude, but you are my relative
+and I want to be friends with you.&quot; Still Dr. Stone did not answer, but
+<a name="Page_228" id="Page_228" />went on talking to the stone and wood, until the old woman lost patience
+and exclaimed, &quot;What nonsense is this!&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Then Dr. Stone put her arm around her and answered, &quot;If you think it is
+nonsense for me to talk to the stone and wood in your house, instead of
+giving you attention, how do you think the Heavenly Father feels,&mdash;the one
+who created you, the one who is your Father&mdash;when you satisfy yourself with
+images of wood and stone instead of giving that love and devotion to Him?&quot;
+Before Dr. Stone left the young women knelt in prayer, but the mother would
+not join them.</p>
+
+<p>Later, with her mother's consent, Yu Kuliang went to the hospital, and
+there spent four of the ten last days of her life, in the companionship of
+her cousin. Dr. Stone gave her every minute that could be spared from her
+hospital duties, telling her of the glad new life which she was soon to
+enter, and praying with her. Many times Yu Kuliang tried to leave the bed
+to kneel with Dr. Stone, but the doctor explained to her that her prayers
+were just as acceptable where she was, and that she was too weak to kneel.
+&quot;Those four days in the hospital with cousin were the happiest in my life,&quot;
+she told her mother when she returned to her home.<a name="Page_229" id="Page_229" /></p>
+
+<p>When she knew that she could not get well she insisted, weak as she was,
+upon being dressed and having her photograph taken, for all the photographs
+which she had had before were in the dress of the Taoist nun, and she
+wanted to have one taken after she had become a Christian.</p>
+
+<p>Just before her death she said to her mother, &quot;Mother, there is nothing in
+this life of ours, nothing! We were all wrong. I'm so glad it is over and
+now I am not at all afraid, for I am going to that beautiful place.&quot; And
+then, her lifelong quest at length crowned with success, she went to behold
+the face of Him who is the Truth.<a name="Page_230" id="Page_230" /><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231" /></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>
+ANNA STONE</h3>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+
+<tr><td align='right'>I.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'><a href="#Page_233">Eager for Education</a></td>
+  </tr>
+
+<tr><td align='right'>II.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'><a href="#Page_244">Among Her Own People</a></td>
+  </tr>
+
+<tr><td align='right'>III.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'><a href="#Page_254">The Power of an Endless
+      Life</a></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232" /><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233" /></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<a href="images/img16.jpg"><img src="images/img16_th.jpg" width="400" height="665" alt="Anna Stone" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>Anna Stone</b>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>ANNA STONE</h2>
+
+<h3>I</h3>
+
+<h3>EAGER FOR EDUCATION</h3>
+
+
+<p>&quot;God knew where to send girls; He knew who would be good to them,&quot; Mrs.
+Stone assured the neighbours who had come to condole with her on the birth
+of a second daughter, and to remind her that &quot;ten queenly daughters are not
+worth as much as one son with a limp.&quot; Years before, when the baby's
+father, one of the literati, had lost all his property in the Tai Ping
+Rebellion, he had adopted the profession of teaching Chinese to the
+missionaries, as the only dignified means by which one of his rank and
+learning could earn a living. While he taught them Chinese characters, they
+taught him about Christianity, and it was not long before he was in charge
+of a Christian chapel in Kiukiang. So when this little daughter was born,
+she was given the good old Bible name of Anna, and great plans were laid
+for her future. While she was still a tiny baby her mother <a name="Page_234" id="Page_234" />carried her to
+the missionary in charge of the girls' boarding school, one of those to
+whom her father had taught the Chinese language years before, and said to
+her, &quot;As soon as this baby is old enough, I want you to take her and train
+her for Christian work.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>If she was to fulfil her mother's ambition for her Anna must of course
+receive an education, although a girl who could read or write even the
+simplest sentence was then almost unknown in China. But Mrs. Stone knew
+well that the more education Anna had, the more efficient a worker she
+would be. She herself had never been taught at all, and after she had
+become a Christian and was eager to tell other women of the good news which
+she had learned, she had found herself sadly hampered because she could not
+read the Bible. It was not so difficult when her husband was at home to
+read it for her; but while he was away on his preaching tours, she had lost
+many opportunities of teaching Christianity to the women who came to see
+her, because of her inability to read the Book which told of the great new
+truth she had learned. So, busy as she was with her babies and her
+household cares, she determined to learn to read, and asked her husband to
+teach her.</p>
+
+<p>Pastor Stone, however, had still something <a name="Page_235" id="Page_235" />to learn. He did not believe
+that it was possible for the feminine mind, especially that of a woman
+grown, to learn the difficult Chinese characters; and he told his wife
+that, in his opinion, it was not worth while for her to attempt it. If
+Mother Stone was discouraged she did not show it. Every night after the
+rest of the family were asleep she set a candle beside her bed and studied
+characters diligently. Whenever Pastor Stone woke up for a moment, or
+turned over in bed, he would receive a gentle nudge and Mother Stone would
+delightedly exclaim, &quot;Oh, father, won't you please tell me what this
+character is?&quot; He soon decided to teach her in orthodox fashion, and she
+proved to be such an apt pupil that it was not long before she was in
+charge of a little day school for girls.</p>
+
+<p>Anna received much of her early education from her mother, and for a time
+she and her older sister Mary went to school with their brother. Girls at
+school were decidedly a novelty, and the visiting mandarin opened his eyes
+in amazement. &quot;Can <i>girls</i> learn anything?&quot; he demanded of the teacher, who
+was forced to admit that they learned as fast as the boys, and sometimes a
+little faster. When a little older, Anna became a member of the Kiukiang
+Boarding School for girls, <a name="Page_236" id="Page_236" />where she proved to be a diligent and quick
+pupil. During this time her sister Mary went to America to take her medical
+course, and down in her heart Anna cherished a secret hope that when she
+had completed her high school work she, too, might go to that wonderful
+Christian country from which her missionary teachers had come and in which
+her sister was receiving the training which would fit her for such large
+service among her countrywomen. She said very little about this hope to any
+one, but she and her friend I-lien Tang, who was also eager to go to
+America, determined to pray about it, and to study so faithfully that if
+the way should ever open for them to go, they would be ready. Accordingly
+they completed the high school course in Chinese, and studied English and
+Latin in addition.</p>
+
+<p>In 1898 Bishop Joyce, of the Methodist Church, and his wife took a trip to
+the Orient to visit the mission stations. While in Kiukiang they became so
+much interested in the two girls, Anna Stone and I-lien Tang, that they
+offered to take them back to America with them. The autumn of 1898
+therefore found Anna in America, the country of her dreams, and a student
+in Hamline University. She entered into her college work with much
+<a name="Page_237" id="Page_237" />enthusiasm and made excellent progress in it. She was not strong, however,
+and was so far from well at the end of the year that it seemed best for her
+to relinquish her plan of following in her sister's footsteps by taking a
+medical course. She therefore planned to fit herself for some other form of
+service which would involve less physical strain, and left Hamline, after
+having been there only one year. But she left behind her many warm friends
+among the students, some of whom had become Christians as a result of the
+consistent and beautiful Christian life of this young Chinese girl.</p>
+
+<p>The next autumn Anna entered Folts Mission Institute, where arrangements
+were made for her to take the two years' Bible course in three years, in
+the hope that she might thus regain her health. Her teachers testify that
+she was a brilliant student, and that her English was so perfect that one
+who heard her, without seeing her, would never have known that she was a
+foreigner. When one of them once asked her how it was that she had such a
+correct pronunciation, she said that when she was in Kiukiang Boarding
+School she used to watch the lips of the missionaries when they were
+speaking English, in order to see just how the words were formed.</p>
+
+<p>Her use of words, too, was almost as accu<a name="Page_238" id="Page_238" />rate as her enunciation of them,
+although occasionally the intricacies of the English language proved
+somewhat mystifying. For example, when she was at her doctor's office one
+day he asked if he had given her any medicine when she was there before.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;No, doctor, you gave me a proscription,&quot; she answered. The doctor's smile
+showed her that she had made a mistake, and as soon as they were outside
+she asked the teacher who was with her what she ought to have said.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;<i>Pre</i>scription, <i>pre</i>scription,&quot; she repeated. &quot;I must remember that. What
+was it we had in church last Sunday? Was that a prescription or a
+proscription?&quot;</p>
+
+<p>&quot;That was a subscription,&quot; the teacher told her.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Oh, yes, a subscription. But what did you call the writing on the stones
+in the graveyard? Was that a prescription or a subscription?&quot;</p>
+
+<p>&quot;That was an inscription,&quot; was the answer, and perhaps it is small wonder
+that Anna exclaimed in despair, &quot;Oh, this terrible English! Can I ever get
+it!&quot;</p>
+
+<p>On the whole, however, she was very much at home with the English language.
+One morning as she was going down to breakfast some one asked, &quot;How is our
+little China girl <a name="Page_239" id="Page_239" />this morning?&quot; &quot;Neither cracked nor broken!&quot; was her
+instant response.</p>
+
+<p>During all her stay in America she was in great demand as a speaker, and
+did as much of this work as her health permitted, always giving her message
+in English, and everywhere winning friends for herself and her loved
+people. &quot;Those who have watched her as she held the attention of large
+audiences with the simple story of her own people, will not soon forget the
+modest, unassuming girl who touched their lives for a brief hour,&quot; says one
+who heard her often.</p>
+
+<p>When she entered Folts Institute it was thought that it would be a good
+thing for her to take vocal lessons to strengthen her throat and lungs.
+This training was given simply for the sake of her health, and with no
+expectation that she would ever sing in public, but it soon became evident
+that she had musical ability of no small degree. Her voice was very sweet,
+and had such a power to capture the hearts of her hearers that she was
+given the title of the &quot;Sweet Singer,&quot; and was in great demand for meetings
+large and small. The whole energy of her life was so given to her Master
+that this newly discovered gift was at once consecrated wholly to His
+service. &quot;You may think me narrow,&quot; she said earnestly, when <a name="Page_240" id="Page_240" />her teacher
+proposed that she should study some nature songs, &quot;but I feel that I must
+be the girl of one song.&quot; And into the one song, the Christian hymn, she
+put her whole soul, as any who heard her sing, &quot;I love to tell the story,&quot;
+&quot;Faith of our fathers,&quot; or the one that she perhaps sang most often, &quot;Saved
+by Grace,&quot; will testify.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;I can hear her still as she sang 'Saved by Grace' to the large audience of
+the General Executive in 1902,&quot; wrote one, several years later. &quot;She put
+such fulness of meaning and power into this simple song. It was a part of
+her own experience.&quot; Another said, &quot;I heard her sing 'I love to tell the
+story' to an audience of over five hundred college girls at the student
+conference of the Young Women's Christian Association at Silver Bay, and
+the effect was wonderful.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>It had been the thought of the principal of Folts Institute that the cost
+of Anna's musical education should be defrayed by gifts from friends who
+were interested in her and her work. But after one spring vacation, when
+Anna had been addressing several meetings and had been given quite a little
+money, she went to the principal's office and turned over the entire amount
+which she had received. &quot;But this is twice as much as your lessons <a name="Page_241" id="Page_241" />for the
+year will cost, Anna,&quot; the principal told her, and started to hand back
+half of it. But Anna would not take it, and insisted that it be used to pay
+for the piano lessons of another Chinese student at the Institute. &quot;I don't
+want &mdash;&mdash; to get into debt,&quot; she said.</p>
+
+<p>While studying at Folts Institute Anna's first great sorrow came to her in
+the death of her father. They had always been comrades, and she had often
+accompanied him on his preaching tours into the country. It was on one of
+these tours, made during the time of the Boxer uprising, that Pastor Stone
+received the injuries at the hands of a mob which were probably the cause
+of his death. The news was a great blow to Anna, but she bore it quietly
+and bravely, and when a few days later it was her turn to lead the
+students' prayer meeting, she chose &quot;Heaven&quot; for her topic. &quot;Before I came
+to your country, I used to think it was heaven,&quot; she said; &quot;but now I am so
+glad it isn't, for then they might try to keep father out, and now I know
+he is inside.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>She completed her course at Folts Institute in 1902, and as she seemed in
+good health, entered Central Wesleyan College for further training. But her
+zeal for her work always led her to overestimate her own strength, and <a name="Page_242" id="Page_242" />her
+patience in suffering and desire not to cause any one any trouble, made it
+hard for others to know the true state of her health. One of her teachers
+at Folts says that Anna would often be ill for days before any one would
+have any knowledge of it, so uncomplaining was she. This teacher tells how
+at one time, when Anna finally had to give up, the tears rolled down the
+cheeks of the girl who bore pain so bravely that it was unsuspected even by
+those who were watching her carefully, at the thought that the friend to
+whom she gave both the century-old reverence of the Chinese for a teacher
+and the warm love of her grateful heart, should have to minister to her
+needs. It was found, after she had been at the Central Wesleyan College for
+a few months, that courageous as she was, her strength was not sufficient
+to enable her to go on with her studies.</p>
+
+<p>She spent the rest of the year in Minneapolis in the home of her good
+friends, Bishop and Mrs. Joyce. She was never content to be idle, and after
+a few months of rest she gave several addresses in the churches of
+Minnesota and North Dakota, awakening interest in the cause she represented
+wherever she went. She so won the hearts of the young people that when she
+went back to China it <a name="Page_243" id="Page_243" />was as the representative of the young women who
+formed the Standard Bearer Society of the Minneapolis branch of the Woman's
+Foreign Missionary Society.</p>
+
+<p>In the summer of 1903 a specialist pronounced her to be suffering from
+tuberculosis, and the next winter was spent in southern California in the
+hope that in that favourable climate she might be cured. Even here her
+eagerness to serve her people led her to do as much speaking as her
+physician would permit. But she was anxious to get to the work for which
+these years of preparation had been spent, and with hopeful and eager
+expectation she sailed for China on the S.S. <i>Siberia</i>, June 11, 1904.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244" />II</h3>
+
+<h3>AMONG HER OWN PEOPLE</h3>
+
+
+<p>On her return to her own country, Anna began her work with great
+enthusiasm. The spirit with which she entered into it is shown in her
+report of the first year's work: &quot;After six years of special preparation,
+for which I feel greatly indebted to my Master, it is a happy privilege to
+do what may be in my power to show Him my gratitude. The blessings I
+received from the hands of those who gave cheerfully for His sake, I will
+endeavour to pass on to others. During those years of absorption in study
+there were times when I was anxious for others to share with me the joy
+which comes from the Christian faith, but the real opportunity did not
+appear until last July when I returned to my home land. With gladness and
+thanksgiving I entered into the work already well and carefully organized
+by my senior missionaries.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The evangelistic work for women, of which she was put in charge, offered a
+large and varied field for service. &quot;The success which <a name="Page_245" id="Page_245" />my sister has had
+in her profession gives me easy access to many classes of our people,&quot; she
+reported soon after her return. Among the hospital and dispensary patients
+she found one of her greatest opportunities. She was not only able to reach
+those who came for treatment, but through them she had access to their
+homes, and spent a large part of her time in visiting among them and in
+entertaining guests in her own home. &quot;Many know of the hospital and of the
+lady physician, and come to see the work, and daily we cordially welcome
+such guests into our home,&quot; a letter reads. &quot;There are times when I walk
+with my sister on the street, and the ladies call the doctor in. Thus I
+gain access to friendly homes.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>She was untiring in her efforts to fit herself to make use of every
+opportunity which presented itself, never regarding her preparation for
+service as completed, but always eager to learn any new thing which would
+help her. A letter written soon after beginning her work tells of one of
+the means by which she sought to increase her usefulness: &quot;I think it is
+imperative for me to study something more of the Chinese classics. The
+little knowledge I have, God has helped me to use for His glory, and a
+knowledge of the classical sayings will <a name="Page_246" id="Page_246" />enable me at least to approach the
+educated classes on a common ground, and to induce them to see that which
+they know not, from that which they do know.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>During her first year of work she had four Bible women associated with her
+who went out with her daily, conducting meetings for women in the two
+chapels which were under her direction, visiting in the homes, or talking
+to patients in the dispensary waiting room. One of her early letters reads:
+&quot;I felt that these Bible women needed special hours for prayer and Bible
+study, in order to give out the Bread of Life to others. So arrangements
+were made to have at least two hours of study every Monday morning, and we
+have prayer together before planning to carry out the Lord's will in the
+week's work.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>In addition to this work she was given oversight of the two day schools for
+girls in Kiukiang. Of them she reported: &quot;The teachers are trying to do
+their best, but many times I have wished that we could secure better
+educated women and have our day school standard advanced. The girls who can
+afford to go to school don't care to study the old Chinese books which
+these women are prepared to teach, so the better classes are not being
+touched by the Christian teachers. <a name="Page_247" id="Page_247" />Those who have nothing special for the
+girls to do let them go to while away the time; then when tea picking time
+comes they leave the school. All can see that such work cannot be of any
+great value.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Conditions of this sort were discouraging indeed, but she met the situation
+with characteristic courage, and added to her other duties the task of
+teaching a little music and English in these schools. The introduction of
+these subjects proved to be very successful in reviving the pupils'
+flagging interest. &quot;The girls are more interested just now,&quot; a letter says,
+&quot;because they have once a week a lesson in singing; formerly it was given
+on Saturday in our home, but experience soon taught me that this was an
+impossibility on account of the continuous callers and disturbances. I go
+now to each school once a week and teach them there. They also have a
+lesson in English during the week. It seems so strange to me that all
+people, old and young, male and female, are seeking a knowledge of
+English.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>She was quick to see, however, that the only permanently successful
+solution of the day school problem was in well-trained teachers. Her great
+desire was for &quot;the day when day school teachers should be better qualified
+for their work, that they might draw pupils to <a name="Page_248" id="Page_248" />school by their own
+knowledge.&quot; In the meantime she did all she could to add to the efficiency
+of the teachers she had. One of her letters tells of her efforts to help
+one of her discouraged assistants: &quot;One of the teachers is very anxious and
+feels that she cannot teach the school. She spoke to me several times of
+her inability to keep the pupils' attention because of her own lack of
+knowledge. As we have no trained teachers to take her place I cannot spare
+her. Though she has not a good head she has a good Christian heart, so for
+the good of the school I have to keep her and give her a few lessons each
+week. It is doing her good and helping her to teach better.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Again she reported the following year, &quot;A special effort was made to throw
+away the old, parrot-like way of learning. As the teachers needed
+instruction as well as the pupils, sometimes, the text-books were taken
+away. The teachers were required to tell a story every day; and with the
+story a verse of the Scriptures, meant for a peg on which to hang the tale,
+was committed to memory by the girls. The teacher would write six easy
+characters each afternoon on the blackboard for the girls to copy before
+going home. Thus the girls learned how to listen, to memorize, <a name="Page_249" id="Page_249" />and to
+write. Since the number of girls increases perceptibly when we have a
+little English I use it as a bait. By Miss Merrill's consent, help was
+secured from the boarding-school in teaching half an hour of English every
+day in the two city schools.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>In December of 1904, at the annual meeting of the Central China Methodist
+Mission, Miss Stone was given the entire charge of the Bible Women's
+Training School. A letter to a friend shows the keen delight with which she
+entered upon this new work: &quot;I am enjoying the work very much,&quot; she wrote.
+&quot;It seems so strange to me that these women are like my old friends. They
+are free and at home with me, and I can say already that I love them.... I
+wish you could be here just to look at them and see how willing they are to
+be taught.&quot; It was her desire to live in the school that she might share
+the life of the women outside of class hours, but after a few days' trial
+this proved too wearing, and the doctor insisted upon her giving it up,
+greatly to her own disappointment and that of the women.</p>
+
+<p>She was very eager that these women, all of whom were from families of
+small means, and were supported by scholarships while at the school, should
+do something towards meet<a name="Page_250" id="Page_250" />ing at least a part of their expenses. A few
+months after she had taken charge of the work she joyfully wrote Mrs.
+Joyce:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;An industrial department is actually started, and we have found it
+    helpful to a great many. We are not attempting fancy things, but we
+    strive to make useful articles and things that we use ourselves, or
+    for sale. So far we have made only babies' shoes, which we sold to
+    foreigners living at Kuling, and some hemstitched handkerchiefs,
+    and some plain knitting. Each one of them is given fifty cash a
+    month for spending money, and it will leave a good balance for the
+    school. They work from three to five <span class='smcap'>P.M.</span>, so their studies are not
+    neglected thereby. This work means also a livelihood to a poor old
+    lady.... She was in the hospital for over three years, living on
+    the charity money the doctor earned. I felt that she could be more
+    useful and happy by teaching sewing, since she is a beautiful
+    needle worker, so the school boards her and gets her teaching for
+    the women. I have been quite happy in this work, because I feel the
+    women are learning self-respect and to look upon manual labour as
+    something honourable. I have a chance to tell them about the
+    American ideas, how American people despise begging but would work
+    with pride in any position, for an honest living.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>In the growth of the women she found her greatest joy. &quot;The women are
+learning,&quot; she <a name="Page_251" id="Page_251" />said in the same letter, &quot;and I feel that God is making
+them zealous for the souls of others. I watch anxiously for improvements in
+their characters and two or three of them give me secret pleasure by their
+signs of unselfishness and spiritual growth.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Another letter to Mrs. Joyce tells of the way in which the members of the
+Training School were given practical work in connection with their studies:
+&quot;Every day I call upon the farther advanced pupils to work. Two go out with
+the girls to teach in the two day schools of the city, the other two take
+charge of the industrial work. So every afternoon they have two hours of
+work to do. On Sunday I send them to the two chapels in the morning and I
+go with the first two one week and with the other two the next week. On
+every Tuesday I send out all women except three, at three o'clock, to
+invite our neighbours to our class-meeting. The three who stay at home are
+to entertain those who come. Every Tuesday we get from twenty to forty
+outsiders to listen to the gospel. Yesterday afternoon several pupils told
+the guests how they learned to know the loving Father.&quot; One of her former
+teachers at Folts Institute, who visited her at this time, wrote that she
+knew not which to admire more, &quot;the whole-<a name="Page_252" id="Page_252" />souled devotion of the teacher,
+or that of the women students.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Miss Stone's health did not permit her to do as much itinerant work as she
+desired, but in the summer of 1905, during the vacation of the Bible
+Women's Training School, she made a trip of some weeks, visiting every
+station in the district. Itinerating in China is a process worthy of its
+name, as all bedding, food, and housekeeping materials must be carried
+along. But Anna was feeling well, and the very day after the work of the
+Training School closed she and her mother set out. At every city she
+reported that they &quot;had a very good opportunity to work among the women,&quot;
+or that &quot;many women showed a great interest in listening.&quot; Her father had
+been the first Christian preacher at one place which they visited, and had
+worked there for many years; another city was that in which the Stone's old
+family homestead was located, so she and her mother were sure of a welcome.
+&quot;We had hardly any time to ourselves,&quot; she wrote. &quot;So many people came to
+see us, and mistook me for my sister. Mother welcomed all callers and
+talked with them most of the time. Among these there were people from the
+opposite village who came over to <a name="Page_253" id="Page_253" />destroy our house in 1900. I think they
+are quite ashamed of the act now.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Busy as she was, meeting and talking to the people who everywhere came to
+greet her and her mother, Anna's mind was not so wholly occupied with the
+present that she was oblivious to the future. On her return she made
+several valuable suggestions for the development of the work in the various
+places, such as that the chapel in one city be moved to a more central
+location, that a vacant piece of property belonging to the mission would be
+an excellent site for a day school for girls, etc. &quot;There ought to be a
+school in Whang Mai as a centre for women to work in,&quot; her report reads.
+&quot;There are many women in that city who are friendly to the church.... When
+my parents were there there were quite a few women as members of the
+church, but now they don't come to church, because there is no woman to
+talk to them.&quot; She summed up the impressions of her trip in the words, &quot;The
+trip opened my eyes to the fact that the harvest is 'truly plenteous' and
+the labourers are sadly few.&quot; At the same time her faith added, &quot;But I am
+so glad to know that my Master is before us who are few in number.&quot;</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254" />III</h3>
+
+<h3>THE POWER OF AN ENDLESS LIFE</h3>
+
+
+<p>It is not surprising that with all her interests Anna Stone longed to live
+and make use of the unusual opportunities which she had received. &quot;If God
+is willing I hope to work many years yet for Him,&quot; she wrote Mrs. Joyce
+after she had been back in China a few months; and at the end of her second
+year's work she said: &quot;There are many things for which I am very thankful
+in the past year, but perhaps the greatest was the joy in knowing that my
+Heavenly Father has really allowed me a share of work.... I don't remember
+that there were many days of work neglected because of ill health.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>It was indeed remarkable that she was able to do as much as she did. One
+who saw her in her work writes of the untiring enthusiasm and activity with
+which she gave herself to it: &quot;Her work was her very life. She talked to me
+of her plans for the woman's school, and of her great desire to see a
+revival here in the schools. I am sure you know of her work <a name="Page_255" id="Page_255" />last summer
+when the missionaries were all away&mdash;how, feeling that it was a mistake
+that the native Christians should be without the helps of divine worship
+and the weekly prayer meeting, she, with her sister's help, opened the
+church and held services all through the hot summer, <i>doing the preaching
+herself</i> and thus holding the people together. I never met any one at home
+or here whose whole soul was more on fire with a burning desire to win
+souls than was Anna Stone's, and I have met a large number of prominent
+workers in my work at home. She undoubtedly realized that her time was very
+short and she must work all the time while she had strength. Her work was
+not only in the school ... but she was at work in the day schools and
+boarding schools, in the church, in the league, in the visitation, in the
+hospital&mdash;everywhere where her life was able to touch others; and one felt
+the influence of the Holy Spirit whenever in merest conversation with the
+girl. That happy smile and merry laugh that so won the hearts of the people
+at home were bestowed upon every one here, and I do not wonder she was able
+to reach hearts where others failed.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Her enthusiasm for her work doubtless made it hard not only for her to
+measure her own strength, but also for others to estimate <a name="Page_256" id="Page_256" />it. But toward
+the close of the summer of 1905 it became evident to all, even to herself,
+that she had been overtaxing herself and must lighten her work. &quot;Sister
+makes me take beef juice, milk, and bread and butter,&quot; she said in a letter
+to Mrs. Joyce. &quot;Everybody tells me I am thin, but I am doing my best to get
+fat. Every afternoon I devote all the time to get well. I sleep after
+dinner, then go out riding for fresh air, so you see your little girl does
+live high and extravagantly.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>During this summer she received news of the serious illness of her friend
+and foster-father, Bishop Joyce. This was a great source of anxiety and
+sorrow to her. &quot;How I wish I had means to go right to his dear presence to
+tell him how I revere and love him for what he has done for me, and for
+what he is to the world,&quot; she wrote his wife. &quot;I envy I-lien's privilege of
+being there. It must be a great comfort to be able to put one's heart-full
+of love and sympathy into little services that he may need at this time.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The death of this true friend was a great grief to her, both on her own
+account and because of the sorrow it brought to the family which she so
+loved. &quot;I loved Bishop as I did my own father,&quot; she said in a letter to
+Mrs. Joyce. &quot;Now I rejoice for both of them be<a name="Page_257" id="Page_257" />cause they have heard the
+Master's 'Well done, good and faithful servant.'&quot; Then she added, &quot;I will
+ask him to ask the Master to let me work a little longer on earth. Of
+course if he sees the reason why I shouldn't he will not do it.&quot;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 635px;">
+<a href="images/img17.jpg"><img src="images/img17_th.jpg" width="635" height="400" alt="The Anna Stone Memorial" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>The Anna Stone Memorial</b>
+</div>
+
+<p>For a time it seemed as if her desire were to be granted, for when autumn
+came she was able to open the Women's School at the usual time, and to
+teach in it each morning. By keeping the afternoons free for rest she
+gained so much that she could write: &quot;I feel very grateful for my health. I
+am up every day for my work. It is a busy life, but a very happy one.&quot; Dr.
+Stone had decided in the autumn that unless Anna gained a great deal within
+the next few weeks she would send her to the mountains for the winter, in
+the hope that the dry air would help her. But, as she said, &quot;Anna hates to
+hear us talk about it because she does not want to leave her pet work.&quot; And
+Anna soon seemed so much stronger that the doctor did not insist on her
+going.</p>
+
+<p>Anna wrote happily of the Christmas exercises in the school. &quot;The women for
+the first time attempted to have a public programme for the happy season.
+They had a dialogue, three new songs, and acted out shepherds in the <a name="Page_258" id="Page_258" />night
+watch and Herod in his trouble. Then they had a tree on which were little
+fancy trinkets which the women made for their friends. They had a joyous
+time because they worked for it.&quot; She carried the work until the Chinese
+New Year vacation, which began about the middle of January, and then
+dismissed the school for the vacation period, full of hopes and plans for
+the new term, for which she felt that the month's rest would prepare her.
+Special services were held in the church during the New Year vacation and
+Anna saved her strength that she might sing at the evening meetings. She
+herself led the closing service. One who was there says, &quot;The native church
+will not quickly forget her clear and beautiful testimonies.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>But her strength was not equal even to these tasks. Early in February she
+had a severe hemorrhage from her lungs, from which it seemed as if she
+could not rally. She felt this herself and said to Dr. Stone, with a brave
+smile, &quot;Sister, I am going. This is in answer to prayer, for I do not want
+to linger on and endanger all of your lives.&quot; This attack was followed by
+pleurisy, and for ten days of severe suffering her life hung by a very
+slender thread. A fellow-worker wrote at this time: &quot;She is bright and
+happy, although fully <a name="Page_259" id="Page_259" />expecting to go. She has been so enthusiastic in her
+work, and always so cheerful, that she has often gone beyond her strength.
+I think that she has been failing more than we who daily watch her have
+realized. We feel that we cannot let her go, but it is not for us to say.
+Since she would rather go to God than stay and not be able to carry on her
+work, we can only pray 'The will of God be done.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Once more, however, she showed the elasticity which had made it so hard for
+her friends to realize the true state of her health, and for a few weeks
+seemed to improve. As life returned she began to hope that she might again
+be able to take up her work, and for a time the eagerness to work was so
+strong that she dreaded the thought of death. As the days passed and
+strength did not come, she was troubled to understand why, when the need
+was so great and the workers so few, she who so longed to work, should not
+be permitted to do so. She said to Dr. Stone one day: &quot;Sister, I have just
+prepared myself to work, so much has been spent on me that I want to live
+at least fifteen years to pass on some of my blessings to others. I am so
+young, and our home life has been just beautiful. I am not anxious to give
+it up so soon. I have great hopes of the Training School. I love the
+<a name="Page_260" id="Page_260" />women. I want to take a whole class through a course of training and then
+leave them with my work. I want to see them well established in their work,
+and a new school building put up well worthy of the name. Above all I want
+to see our native church thoroughly roused by the Holy Spirit, and a
+self-supporting church started.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>One of the missionaries wrote afterward: &quot;I wish you might have known what
+a comfort Dr. Stone was to her through all those dark hours, carrying her
+own burden constantly in her heart and yet bravely helping Anna to bear
+hers. And Anna on her side was just as brave, for she suffered intense pain
+through her illness, but constantly fought down every expression of it.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Anna's lifelong love for the will of God was so strong that she could not
+fail to love it to the end, and the struggle was soon succeeded by complete
+victory and peace. Her sister wrote Mrs. Joyce after she had gone: &quot;She did
+not know why, when so much had been done for her and she was so willing to
+do any service unto the Lord, she should not be spared, and given a healthy
+body for the work that seemed to be so much in need of workers. But she
+said she was willing to go if it was the Lord's will, and she wanted people
+<a name="Page_261" id="Page_261" />to know that she loved to obey God mare than she desired her own life....
+She said she was perfectly willing to go, only she had wanted to work a
+little longer.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Her brief struggle passed, her thought was all for others. She often spoke
+of the women for whom she had been working, and begged her sister to look
+after them and keep them from going back to the old ways; and in delirium
+she pleaded with one and another of them. She sent messages of love to
+those who were not with her, some of them being on the other side of the
+ocean, and sought to lighten the grief of those around her who so longed to
+keep her with them. &quot;Do not grieve for me,&quot; she comforted her sister.
+&quot;Think of me as you used to think of me when I was in America, only I shall
+be in a more beautiful place.&quot; Three days before her death she gave
+explicit directions about her funeral, wishing that everything in the
+Chinese funeral rites which savoured at all of non-Christian religions
+might be eliminated, that in her death, as in her life, she might witness
+clearly and unmistakably to her loyalty to Christ.</p>
+
+<p>When the last call finally came, on the sixteenth of March, it found her
+ready and glad to respond. She told her sister that she had heard the
+beautiful music and seen the <a name="Page_262" id="Page_262" />great light and wanted to go. &quot;That evening,&quot;
+reads a letter from one of her co-workers, &quot;we missionaries all gathered in
+the reception hall of their little house, together with her relatives and
+more intimate friends. It was one of the most touching scenes I have ever
+witnessed, for we were all drawn together by the bond of grief over the
+loss of one we loved.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Although, in accordance with Anna's wishes, her funeral was conducted with
+the utmost simplicity, the funeral procession caused universal comment. One
+of the missionaries describes the scene: &quot;As the procession of almost forty
+chairs passed down the street all stopped to watch it pass, and despite the
+unrest due to the recent riots at Nanchang, we heard nothing but kindly
+remarks. The fact that foreigners were following one of their own people to
+the grave, paying the Chinese girl the honour they would have shown to a
+great man among themselves, seemed to impress the Chinese in a peculiar
+way.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Another writes: &quot;During the day the neighbours, Christian and non-Christian
+alike, came to pay their respects.... A very large company of people
+attended the funeral, including a number of missionaries of other
+denominations. There was a procession of <a name="Page_263" id="Page_263" />forty sedan chairs to the
+Christian cemetery, which is about two miles beyond the East Gate. For the
+half mile from the home to the city gate both sides of the street were
+lined with people, who stood quietly and respectfully while we passed. The
+absence of the numerous heathen symbols, and of any cover for the casket
+save the floral tributes, was observed; and the fact that even the
+foreigners had their chairs draped with white, 'just like us Chinese,' was
+also noted. An English gentleman from the foreign concession, who was to
+pay a call on the captain of one of the war vessels the next morning, said,
+'I shall tell him that I have witnessed a procession to-day which will do
+more to bring peace and harmony between the Chinese and foreigners than all
+the war vessels will do.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Measured by years, Anna Stone's life was short. Measured by the time which
+she was enabled to give to her work after her return to China, her service
+was brief. Almost all her life had been given to preparation for service,
+and it may seem as if she had hardly begun her life work when she was
+bidden to lay it down for the richer service of another life. But if to be
+is more than to do, and if Anna Stone's life be measured by what it was,
+rather than by achievements which could be <a name="Page_264" id="Page_264" />recorded, we must count her
+years of service to have been many. Through all the years of preparation
+for her work she was, in fact, serving in the truest sense, through what
+she was. Bishop Joyce often said that her presence in the home was a
+benediction. One who had close contact with her work pays the following
+tribute:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;Hers was a rare character. So simple, unaffected, and tender and
+    yet withal so strong. Like the blameless knight of old, 'her
+    strength was as the strength of ten because her heart was pure.'
+    Gifted with a winsome personality, and a voice of great sweetness,
+    she literally sang her way into the hearts of all who heard her,
+    while the illumination of her life 'hid with Christ in God'
+    particularly impressed those who saw in her a product of the
+    missionary enterprise of our church. All who came within the
+    influence of her radiant presence were the better for it.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>Her life was an inspiration to people in Christian America. She once said
+while here: &quot;Since coming to America the greatest wonder to me has been how
+any one can live in this country and yet not be a Christian. If I had not
+given myself to God it would be the first thing I would do. But thank God
+He has <i>me</i> off His mind. I am His child and I will love and serve Him all
+my days.&quot; One <a name="Page_265" id="Page_265" />woman who heard her sing asked, &quot;Why do you let her go back?
+We need her right here to help us. I never felt so near Christ as when I
+heard this Chinese girl sing, 'And I shall see Him face to face,' for the
+light of her vision shone from her eyes. I knew that she saw what she was
+singing about.&quot; Another wrote, when the news of her death came, &quot;Of Anna
+Stone it can truthfully be said, 'None knew her but to love her.'...
+Wherever she mingled with people she drew them not only to herself, but to
+Christ. Eternity alone will reveal the many souls won to a Christian life
+through her influence.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>At the annual meeting of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, held a few
+months after Anna Stone's death, the following resolution was unanimously
+adopted: &quot;Resolved: That in memory of our dear Chinese girl, Anna Stone, we
+recall to your thought these words, applied to her by one who knew her
+well:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span>'And half we deemed she needed not<br /></span>
+<span>The changing of her sphere<br /></span>
+<span>To give to heaven a shining one<br /></span>
+<span>Who walked an angel here.'&quot;<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Her life was a blessing to people in her own great country. Her sister
+wrote: &quot;I am so <a name="Page_266" id="Page_266" />thankful that she returned and spent about two years
+working for our own people. When I saw how much she was loved by the women
+and girls here I knew her short time with us had not been spent in vain.&quot; A
+letter from another Kiukiang worker says: &quot;We felt when Miss Stone was
+taken from the Women's School that indeed its light and glory had departed.
+Her influence and life among the women will never be forgotten. Her
+gentleness, sweetness of spirit, and unselfishness, won a place in our
+hearts, and made us feel that we had caught a glimpse of the Master. Among
+her fellow-workers and her own people, she was universally beloved.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Miss Hughes, who was later appointed to take up the work which Anna had
+laid down, wrote in a letter to Mrs. Joyce: &quot;I don't think any one will
+ever be able to tell you what a vacancy there is in Kiukiang since that
+little girl was taken from us. I was not in China any length of time before
+I, personally, realized something of the influence of her life. Her spirit
+of beautiful, consecrated young womanhood that so impressed every one at
+home seemed intensified when I saw her in the fall upon my arrival.&quot; Miss
+Hughes went on to tell of an incident which revealed what was doubtless one
+of the great sources of the power <a name="Page_267" id="Page_267" />of the life that was so short in years.
+She says:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;I think nothing that I have heard of Anna Stone's life speaks more
+    clearly of the depth of real self-abnegation,&mdash;perfect obliteration
+    of self, in fact&mdash;and the secret of her power in winning souls
+    where others failed to win, than this story I am now to tell you.
+    Several years ago, before Anna returned home from America, an old
+    woman about sixty-four years of age, was engaged to do sewing for
+    Dr. Stone from time to time. The woman was a widow with one son,
+    who was an opium fiend in every sense of the word. He was unable to
+    work, and deprived his mother of all the comforts, and often of the
+    necessities of life, that he might buy opium.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;One day the old woman was taken ill, and while ill, her son
+    carried off the only clothes the old mother had (she slept with her
+    clothes spread on top of the bed-clothes as you know is the custom
+    in China), and sold them for the miserable drug. The mother
+    appealed to Dr. Stone, who took her, in her helpless, sick
+    condition, into the hospital. As she grew well, she stayed on,
+    doing such sewing as she could for her board, and in the hospital
+    she heard for the first time of the 'Jesus doctrine.' Her hungry
+    heart opened to the truth and she wanted to learn to read the
+    Bible.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;One day, however, she came to the doctor and asked her if she
+    thought if they prayed to God, He would save her son from his
+    <a name="Page_268" id="Page_268" />dreadful life. The doctor talked with her and found that the old
+    woman was full of faith that it could be done. So they prayed about
+    it, and a little while after, Dr. Stone gave the old woman money to
+    take her son to the hospital for men in the city here and have the
+    habit broken off. But the mother, instead of giving the man into
+    the care of the authorities, and paying for his treatment herself,
+    gave the money to the man, and he used it all in opium, being in a
+    worse condition than ever.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;Some time later, due to the lack of funds, the hospital had to be
+    closed for some time, but when it was reopened, the old mother
+    pleaded that the son should be taken on as a coolie to work for his
+    keep, and thus be out of temptation's way. He had been supplied
+    again with money and put into the hospital, from which he came out
+    apparently cured, but fell again. The plan for him to come to the
+    hospital seemed to the doctor a rather dangerous one, for the man
+    was a positive good-for-nothing. But in the meantime Anna had
+    returned from America, and was, with her sister, willing to try
+    him; for it seemed his last chance, and the mother had begged so
+    hard for him. So he came to the hospital&mdash;a poor wretch, indeed,
+    weak as a little child from the awful life he had lived.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;All opium was out of his reach here, and in a few days the absence
+    of it showed by dreadful swelling of the limbs. He could not carry
+    the smallest weight without great ex<a name="Page_269" id="Page_269" />ertion, and the case seemed
+    almost hopeless. But he gradually was broken from the use of the
+    drug and was able to work about the place. Anna was using a sedan
+    chair for her itinerating work, but she was so light that the
+    coolies jolted her a great deal and hurt her; so she got her
+    'ricksha, and chose this poor wretch of a fellow, as her personal
+    body-servant. When she went out on her evangelistic work, she had
+    her mother with her, as you know, and this coolie went along
+    drawing the 'ricksha. He became very devoted to her, and very
+    carefully cared for her. When she had her meals with her mother,
+    she had this coolie eat with her, lest he go off and get hold of
+    opium. He is a very weak, easily led fellow, as you will have
+    judged, and Anna felt his one safety was in keeping with them all
+    the time. Little by little, the fellow straightened up and became
+    stronger and able to do a respectable amount of work.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;Meantime Anna was teaching him, as she had opportunity, about
+    Christ. Finally last New Year's Eve, at the watch-night service led
+    by Anna herself, among those who openly took their stand for
+    Christ, was this poor fellow. As far as we know he has led a
+    straight life ever since. He is still working about the hospital
+    and there is no sign of the old dissipation. When Anna left us a
+    few weeks ago, the man's grief was great, and it was this old
+    'body-guard' who sat up all night the one night after the coffin
+    was sealed and remained in the house. The old mother <a name="Page_270" id="Page_270" />at
+    sixty-seven years of age has learned to read the Bible and is a
+    very earnest Christian.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;I wish I could tell you how it impressed me as Dr. Stone told of
+    the efforts of Anna to win that poor wretch of a fellow to Christ.
+    There wasn't a thing attractive about him, in fact, just the
+    opposite; but she saw that there was a soul there to save, and with
+    no apparent thought of herself, no shrinking from a man of his
+    type, she, with the true spirit of the Lord she so closely
+    followed, bent every effort to save him from the thing that had
+    cursed his own and his mother's life. I think I have never heard
+    anything more beautiful than this story of Anna, who with all the
+    delicacy of her nature, her pure, sweet womanhood, her love of the
+    refined that always marked her, and her keen sensitiveness to the
+    niceties of life, laid all, as a sacrifice to her Lord, in the
+    background, and had at the same board with herself and her mother,
+    that miserable man, thus helping him to fight the enemy of his soul
+    and body.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>Her Master's work was indeed everything, and self was nothing to Anna
+Stone. She once said in a letter to Mrs. Joyce, &quot;It has been a grief to my
+heart not to have seen more people who have means to support themselves
+come out to work for China. I am hoping to find some means by which to
+support myself without getting pay from the society, to let others know
+that I am not work<a name="Page_271" id="Page_271" />ing for money, but for the love of God which is in my
+heart.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The influence of this young Chinese girl is but another witness to &quot;the
+power of an endless life.&quot; She lives to-day in those whom she has inspired,
+and who seek to be as true as she.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA</p>
+
+<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 14492 ***</div>
+</body>
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #14492 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/14492)
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+Project Gutenberg's Notable Women Of Modern China, by Margaret E. Burton
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notable Women Of Modern China
+
+Author: Margaret E. Burton
+
+Release Date: December 28, 2004 [EBook #14492]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTABLE WOMEN OF MODERN CHINA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Michelle Croyle, Elaine Walker and the PG Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Notable Women of Modern China
+
+BY MARGARET E. BURTON
+
+
+_Notable Women of Modern China_
+
+Illustrated, 12mo, cloth. Net $1.25
+
+The author's earlier work on the general subject of Women's Education in
+China, indicates her ability to treat with peculiar interest and
+discernment the characters making up this volume of striking biographies.
+If these women are types to be followed by a great company of like
+aspirations the future of a nation is assured.
+
+
+_The Education of Women in China_
+
+Illustrated, 12mo, cloth. Net $1.25
+
+"Thrilling is a strong word, but not too strong to be used in connection
+with _The Education of Women in China_. To many it will prove a revealing
+book and doubtless to all, even those well-informed upon the present
+condition of women. Miss Burton's book will interest all the reading
+public."--CHRISTIAN ADVOCATE.
+
+[Illustration:
+Dr. Hü King Eng at the Time of Her Graduation from the Medical College]
+
+
+
+
+Notable Women of Modern China
+
+By
+
+MARGARET E. BURTON
+
+AUTHOR OF
+
+"THE EDUCATION OF WOMEN IN CHINA"
+
+NEW YORK CHICAGO TORONTO
+
+Fleming H. Revell Company
+
+LONDON AND EDINBURGH
+
+Copyright, 1912, by
+
+FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY
+
+New York: 158 Fifth Avenue
+Chicago: 125 N. Wabash Ave.
+Toronto: 25 Richmond St., W.
+London: 21 Paternoster Square
+Edinburgh: 100 Princes Street
+
+
+TO MY FRIEND
+GRACE COPPOCK
+WHO TAUGHT ME TO KNOW AND LOVE
+THE WOMEN OF CHINA
+
+
+
+
+Preface
+
+
+During a stay of some months in China in the year of 1909, I had an
+opportunity to see something of the educational work for women, and to meet
+several of the educated women of that interesting country. I was greatly
+impressed, both by the excellent work done by the students in the schools,
+and by the useful, efficient lives of those who had completed their course
+of study. When I returned to America, and spoke of some of the things which
+the educated women of China were doing, I found that many people were
+greatly surprised to learn that Chinese women were capable of such
+achievements. It occurred to me, therefore, that it might be worth while to
+put the stories of a few of these women into a form which would make them
+accessible to the public.
+
+It will be noted that the majority of the women of whose work I have
+written received a part of their education in America. My reason for
+selecting these women is not because those whose training has been received
+wholly in China are not doing equally good work, but because it is
+difficult to gather definite information in regard to the women whose
+lives have been spent entirely in their native country. The fact that most
+of the biographies in this book are of women in professional life is due to
+the same cause. The great aim of the girls' schools in China is, rightly,
+to furnish such training as shall prepare their students to be worthy wives
+and mothers, and the large majority of those who attend the schools find
+their highest subsequent usefulness in the home. But in China, as in other
+countries, the life of the woman in the home remains, for the most part,
+unwritten.
+
+I have therefore told the stories of the women concerning whose work I have
+been able to obtain definite information, believing that they fairly
+represent the educated women of China who, wherever their education has
+been received, and in whatever sphere it is being used, are ably and
+bravely playing an important part in the moulding of the great new China.
+
+For much of the material for these sketches I am indebted to friends of the
+women of whom I have written. To all such my hearty thanks are due. For
+personal reminiscences, letters, and photographs, I am most grateful.
+
+M. E. B.
+
+
+
+
+Contents
+
+
+DR. HÜ KING ENG
+
+  I. CHILDHOOD IN A CHRISTIAN HOME                                  15
+
+ II. EDUCATION IN CHINA AND AMERICA                                 23
+
+III. BEGINNING MEDICAL WORK IN CHINA                                39
+
+ IV. THE BELOVED PHYSICIAN                                          44
+
+  V. THE FAVOUR OF THE PEOPLE                                       58
+
+
+MRS. AHOK
+
+  I. THE MISTRESS OF A HOME OF WEALTH                               73
+
+ II. WORK AMONG THE WOMEN OF THE UPPER CLASSES                      82
+
+III. A JOURNEY TO ENGLAND                                           90
+
+ IV. PATIENT IN TRIBULATION                                        101
+
+
+DR. IDA KAHN
+
+  I. CHILDHOOD IN THREE COUNTRIES                                  115
+
+ II. AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN                                 121
+
+III. SEVEN YEARS IN KIUKIANG                                       126
+
+ IV. PIONEER WORK IN NANCHANG                                      140
+
+
+DR. MARY STONE
+
+  I. WITH UNBOUND FEET                                             161
+
+ II. THE DANFORTH MEMORIAL HOSPITAL                                169
+
+III. WINNING FRIENDS IN AMERICA                                    183
+
+IV. A VERSATILE WOMAN                                              190
+
+
+YU KULIANG                                                         221
+
+
+ANNA STONE
+
+  I. EAGER FOR EDUCATION                                           233
+
+ II. AMONG HER OWN PEOPLE                                          244
+
+III. THE POWER OF AN ENDLESS LIFE                                  254
+
+
+
+
+Illustrations
+
+
+Dr. Hü King Eng at the Time of Her Graduation
+from the Medical College _Frontispiece_
+
+Dr. Hü's Medical Students                                           41
+
+Dr. Hü's Christmas Party                                            61
+
+Mrs. Ahok and Her Two Granddaughters                                73
+
+Reception Rooms in Chinese Homes of Wealth                          83
+
+Dr. Ida Kahn                                                       115
+
+A Nurse in Dr. Kahn's Hospital                                     138
+
+One of Dr. Kahn's Guests                                           141
+
+A Village Crowd                                                    141
+
+Dr. Mary Stone                                                     161
+
+Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial Hospital, Kiukiang, China      172
+
+Dr. Stone, Dr. Kahn, and Five of the Hospital Nurses               174
+
+General Ward of the Danforth Memorial Hospital                     182
+
+Nurses of the Danforth Memorial Hospital                           192
+
+Yu Kuliang                                                         221
+
+Anna Stone                                                         233
+
+The Anna Stone Memorial                                            257
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DR. HÜ KING ENG
+
+  I. CHILDHOOD IN A CHRISTIAN HOME
+
+ II. EDUCATION IN CHINA AND AMERICA
+
+III. BEGINNING MEDICAL WORK IN CHINA
+
+ IV. THE BELOVED PHYSICIAN
+
+  V. THE FAVOUR OF THE PEOPLE
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+DR. HÜ KING ENG
+
+I
+
+CHILDHOOD IN A CHRISTIAN HOME
+
+
+Among the earliest converts to Christianity in South China was Hü Yong Mi,
+the son of a military mandarin of Foochow. He had been a very devout
+Buddhist, whose struggles after spiritual peace, and whose efforts to
+obtain it through fasting, sacrifice, earnest study, and the most
+scrupulous obedience to all the forms of Buddhist worship, remind one
+strongly of the experiences of Saul of Tarsus. Like Saul too, Hü Yong Mi
+was, before his conversion, a vigorous and sincere opponent of
+Christianity. When his older brother became a Christian, Hü Yong Mi felt
+that his casting away of idols and abolishing of ancestral worship were
+crimes of such magnitude that the entire family "ought all with one heart
+to beat the drum and drive him from the house." He tells of finding a copy
+of the Bible in his father's bookcase one day, and how, in sudden rage, he
+tore it to pieces and threw the fragments on the floor, and then, not
+satisfied with destroying the book, wished that he had some sharp implement
+with which to cut out "the hated name Ya-su, which stared from the
+mutilated pages."
+
+But when, through the efforts of the very brother whom he had persecuted,
+he too came to recognize the truth of Christianity, he became as devoted
+and tireless a worker for his Lord as was Paul the apostle, preaching in
+season and out of season, first as a layman, afterwards as an ordained
+minister of the Methodist Church. His work often led him to isolated and
+difficult fields; he was "in journeyings often, in perils of rivers, in
+perils of robbers, in perils from his countrymen, in perils in the city, in
+perils in the wilderness." But, alike in toil and persecution, he remained
+steadfast.
+
+He was made a presiding elder at the time of the organization of the
+Foochow Conference in 1877, and from that time until his death, in 1893, he
+was, in the words of one of the missionaries of that district, "a pillar of
+strength in the church in China, because of his piety and wisdom and his
+literary ability, having, withal, an eloquent tongue which in the ardour of
+pulpit oratory gave to his fine six-foot physique a princely bearing."
+
+A striking testimony to the power and beauty of this Christian man's
+character is a picture, painted by a Chinese artist, an old man over eighty
+years of age. This man was not a Christian, but after hearing Mr. Hü's
+preaching, and watching his consecrated life, he embodied in a painting his
+conception of the power of the "Cross Doctrine" as he knew it through Hü
+Yong Mi. The picture, which is five feet long and nearly three wide, and is
+finely executed in water colours, was presented to Mr. Hü by the artist. At
+first glance its central figure seems to be a tree, under which is a man
+reading from a book. Lower down are some rocks. But looking again one sees
+that the tree is a cross, and that in the rocks are plain semblances of
+human faces, more or less perfect, all turned toward the cross. The thought
+which the artist wished to express was that the "Cross Doctrine," as
+preached and lived by such as Hü Yong Mi, would turn even rocks into human
+beings.
+
+The wife of Hü Yong Mi was brought up in a home of wealth and rank in
+Foochow. Her aristocratic birth was manifested by the size of her tiny
+embroidered shoe, which measured exactly three inches. When Hü Yong Mi was
+asked by the missionaries to become a minister, he was somewhat dismayed to
+learn that in the Methodist Church the minister's family must frequently
+move from place to place. In his own words, "The Chinese greatly esteem the
+place of their birth; if a man goes abroad it is considered a matter of
+affliction; for a family to move is an almost unheard of calamity." He
+replied, however, that although he had not known of the existence of the
+custom, he was entirely willing, for Christ's sake, to undertake the work
+of a minister in spite of it. The missionaries then asked if his wife would
+be willing to go with him. He answered that he could not tell until he went
+home and asked her. But when he had talked the matter over with her, this
+dainty, high-class lady replied, "It matters not to what place; if you are
+willing to go, I will go with you."
+
+Within a few weeks they left Foochow to work among their first
+parishioners, a people who might well have caused the hearts of the young
+pastor and his wife to fail, for Hü Yong Mi says of them: "In front of
+their houses I saw piles of refuse, and filthy ditches. Within, all was
+very dirty--pigs, cattle, fowls, sheep, all together in the one house. Not
+a chair was there to sit on. All went out to work in the fields. They had
+no leisure to comb hair or wash faces.... None knew how to read the Chinese
+characters. Some held their books upside down; some mistook a whole column
+for one character." Mrs. Hü and the children were very ill with malarial
+fever while in this place, but in spite of all their hardships, a good work
+was done.
+
+Mrs. Hü was as earnest a worker among the women as was her husband among
+the men, telling the good news to those who had never heard it, and
+strengthening her fellow-Christians. Many a programme of the Foochow
+Women's Conference bears the name of Mrs. Hü Yong Mi, for she could give
+addresses and read papers which were an inspiration to missionaries and
+Chinese alike. Her friend, Mrs. Sites, has written especially of her
+influence on the women whose lives she touched: "In the stations where the
+Methodist itinerancy sent Rev. Hü Yong Mi, this Christian household was
+something of a curiosity. The neighbouring women often called 'to see' in
+companies of three to twenty or more, and Mr. Hü expected his wife and
+children to preach the gospel to them just as faithfully as he did from the
+pulpit. There are many hundreds of Chinese women to whom this lovely
+Christian mother and little daughters gave the first knowledge of Christ
+and heaven." The same friend says of this wife and mother, "In privations
+oft, and in persecutions beyond the power of pen to narrate, she has
+become a model woman among her people."
+
+In 1865, not long after a period of severe persecution, and while their
+hearts were saddened by the recent death of their little daughter, Hiong
+Kwang, another baby girl was born to Mr. and Mrs. Hü, and named Precious
+Peace, the Chinese for which is King Eng. Born of such parents, and growing
+up in such an environment, it is perhaps not surprising that unselfishness,
+steadfastness of purpose, and courage, both physical and moral, should be
+among the most prominent characteristics of Hü King Eng. One of the
+clearest memories of her childhood is of lying in bed night after night,
+listening to the murmur of her father's voice as he talked to someone who
+was interested in learning of the "Jesus way," and hearing the crash of
+stones and brickbats, the hurling of which through the doors and windows
+was too frequent an occurrence to interrupt these quiet talks.
+
+Of course little King Eng's feet were bound, as were the feet of every
+other little girl of good family. But the binding process had scarcely
+begun when her father became convinced that this universal and ancient
+custom was a wrong one. He accordingly made the brave decision,
+unprecedented in that section of the country, that his daughters should
+have natural feet, and the bandages were taken off. This proceeding was
+viewed with great disapproval by his small daughter, for while it freed her
+from physical pain, her unbound feet were the source of constant comment
+and ridicule, far more galling to the sensitive child than the tight
+bandages had been. Now, an ardent advocate of natural feet, she often tells
+of her trials as a pioneer of the movement in Fuhkien province. "That I
+have the distinction of being the first girl who did not have her feet
+bound, is due to no effort of mine," she says, "for the neighbour women
+used to say, 'Rather a nice girl, but those feet!' 'Rather a bright girl,
+but those feet,' and 'Those feet,' 'Those feet' was all I heard, until I
+was ashamed to be seen."
+
+Finally her mother, who did not wholly share her husband's view of the
+matter, took advantage of his absence from home, and replaced the bandages.
+When she would ask, "Can you stand them a little tighter?" the little
+devotee to the stern mandates of fashion and custom invariably replied,
+"Yes, mother, a little tighter"; for was she not going to be a lady and not
+hear "those feet," "those feet" any more! But when her father came home he
+had a long and serious talk with his wife about foot-binding, and off came
+the bandages again. Later the little girl went on a visit to a relative,
+who was greatly horrified at her large feet, and took it upon herself to
+bind them again, to the child's great delight. It was with an immense sense
+of her importance that she came hobbling home, supported on each side. Her
+mother was ill in bed at the time, but greatly to King Eng's
+disappointment, instead of being pleased, she bade her take the bandages
+off and burn them, and never replace them. To the child's plea that people
+were all saying "those feet," "those feet," until she was ashamed to meet
+any one, Mrs. Hü replied, "Tell them bound-footed girls never enter the
+emperor's palace." "And that," says Dr. Hü, "put a quietus on 'those feet,'
+and when I learned that all the world did not have bound feet I became more
+reconciled."
+
+
+
+
+II
+
+EDUCATION IN CHINA AND AMERICA
+
+
+When she was old enough, King Eng became a pupil in the Foochow Boarding
+School for Girls, where she did good work as a student. No musical teaching
+was given in the school at that time, but King Eng was so eager to learn to
+play that the wife of one of the missionaries gave her lessons on her own
+organ. Her ability to play may have been one of the causes which led to the
+framing of a remarkable and eloquent appeal for the higher education of the
+Chinese girls, which should include music and English, sent in 1883 by the
+native pastors of Foochow and vicinity to the General Executive Committee
+of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal
+Church, under whose auspices this school was carried on.
+
+To the same committee there came at the same time another remarkable
+request, this one from Dr. Trask, then in charge of the Foochow Woman's
+Hospital. After leaving boarding school King Eng had been a student in the
+hospital, and Dr. Trask had become so much impressed with her adaptability
+to medical work, and her sympathetic spirit toward the suffering, that she
+longed to have her receive the advantages of a more thorough education than
+could be given her in Foochow. She accordingly wrote to the Executive
+Committee of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, speaking in the
+highest terms of Hü King Eng's ability and character, and urging that
+arrangements be made to bring her to America, to remain ten years if
+necessary, "that she might go back qualified to lift the womanhood of China
+to a higher plane, and able to superintend the medical work." She assured
+the committee that they would find that the results would justify them in
+doing this, and that none knew King Eng but to love her. Arrangements were
+soon made, largely through Mrs. Keen, secretary of the Philadelphia branch
+of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, and word was sent to Foochow
+that Dr. Trask's request had been approved.
+
+This word found Hü King Eng ready to accept the opportunity which it
+offered her. It had not been easy for this young girl, only eighteen years
+old, to decide to leave her home and her country and take the long journey
+to a foreign land, whose language she could not speak, and whose customs
+were utterly strange to her, to remain there long enough to receive the
+college and medical education which would enable her to do the work planned
+for her on her return to China. So far as she knew she was the only Chinese
+young woman who had ever left China to seek an education in another
+country; and indeed she was the second, the only one who had preceded her
+being Dr. You Mé King, the adopted daughter of Dr. and Mrs. McCartee, of
+Ningpo, who had gone to America with them a few years before. King Eng's
+parents did not oppose her going, but neither did they encourage it. They
+told her fully of the loneliness she would experience in a foreign country;
+the dangers and unpleasantness of the long ocean voyage she would have to
+take; and the unparalleled situation in which she would find herself on her
+return ten years later, unmarried at twenty-eight. But with a quiet faith
+and purpose, and a courage nothing short of heroic, King Eng answered, "If
+the Lord opens the way and the cablegram says 'Come,' I shall surely go;
+but if otherwise I shall do as best I can and labour at home."
+
+Years afterward, when two other girls from the Foochow Boarding School
+were leaving China for a period of study in America, a farewell meeting was
+held for them in the school, at which Dr. Hü told how she had reached her
+decision to go. She said: "I was the first Fuhkien province girl to go to
+America.... My father told me, 'I cannot decide for you; you must pray to
+God. If you are to go, God will show you.' Then I felt God's word come to
+me, 'Fear not, for I will go with you wherever you go.' At that time the
+school girls were seldom with the missionary ladies and I could not speak
+any English, therefore I did not know any American politeness; and all my
+clothes and other daily-need-things were not proper to use in the western
+country. Although everything could not be according to my will, I trusted
+God with all my life, so nothing could change my heart."
+
+In the spring of 1884, in charge of some missionaries going home on
+furlough, Hü King Eng left China for America. The journey was a long and
+rough one, and a steamer near theirs was wrecked. One of the missionaries,
+wondering how her faith was standing the test of these new and terrifying
+experiences, asked if she wanted to go back home. But she answered, "No, I
+do not think of going home at all." She felt that it was right for her to
+go to America, and although when she met her friends at the journey's end
+she confessed that sea-sickness and home-sickness had brought the tears
+many a night, she never faltered in her decision.
+
+Upon landing in New York she went at once to Mrs. Keen in Philadelphia, and
+there met Dr. and Mrs. Sites, of Foochow, whom she had known from
+childhood, and who were then in Philadelphia attending the General
+Conference of the Methodist Church. She spent the summer with them,
+learning to read, write, and speak English, and in the autumn went with
+them to Delaware, Ohio, and entered Ohio Wesleyan University. Miss Martin,
+who was then preceptress of Monnett Hall, recalls King Eng's efforts to
+master English. "She was an apt pupil," she says, "yet she had many
+struggles with the language." A friend in Cleveland, with whom she spent a
+few weeks during her vacation, promised her that some day they would go
+around the square to see the reservoir. King Eng seemed much interested in
+this proposition and several times asked when they were to go. When they
+finally went, her friend was somewhat surprised to see that King Eng
+manifested very little interest in the reservoir; but when they reached
+home again it was evident that she had been interested, not in the
+reservoir, but in the proposed method of reaching it. "How can you go
+'round' a 'square'?" she asked.
+
+When she entered college she set herself the task of learning ten new words
+a day; but Miss Martin says that she sometimes had to unlearn several of
+them, owing to the fondness of her fellow students for slang. However, she
+was persevering, and in time learned to use the language easily. One of the
+teachers, who had returned a plate to her with an orange on it, still
+treasures a half sheet of paper which appeared on a returned plate of hers,
+on which King Eng had written:
+
+    "You taught me a lesson not long ago,
+    Which I have learned, as I'll try to show.
+    When you would return a plate to its owner,
+    Of something upon it you must be the donor.
+    One orange you put on that plate of mine,
+    Two oranges find on this plate of thine."
+
+She was a great favourite with both faculty and students. One of her fellow
+students shall tell of the impression she made: "Those who were at Monnett
+Hall at any time from 1884 to 1887 will remember a dainty little foreign
+lady, a sort of exotic blossom, whose silk-embroidered costumes,
+constructed in Chinese fashion, made her an object of interest to every
+girl in college. This was Dr. Hü King Eng, who came to prepare for her
+life work. Gentle, modest, winning, her heart fixed on a goal far ahead,
+she was an example to the earnest Christian girl and a rebuke to any who
+had self-seeking aims."
+
+Another, looking back to her college days, and to the college life of Hü
+King Eng, "or, as she was familiarly and lovingly called, King Eng,"
+writes, "She was so sweet and gracious, so simple in her faith and life, so
+charitable, that you felt it everywhere. I shall never forget standing in
+the hall one day with her and another girl, when a young man delivered some
+books. I asked his name. The young lady gave it, a well known name, and
+added that he had very little principle, or character. King Eng spoke up at
+once, and calling the other girl by name said, 'Yes, but his parents are
+fine people.'"
+
+The King's Daughters' Society was organized during King Eng's stay at Ohio
+Wesleyan, and ten groups, of ten girls each, were formed among the students
+of Monnett Hall. King Eng, who was the leader of one of these groups,
+proposed that each girl in it should earn enough money to buy one of the
+King's Daughters' badges, and that they should be sent to some of the girls
+in the Foochow school, that they too might organize a society. She was
+eager that the girls should not only give the badges, but should earn them
+by their own efforts, that they might thus show the Chinese girls that
+American students did not consider any kind of work beneath them, but
+counted it an honour to serve their Master in any way possible.
+
+During the April of King Eng's first year at Ohio Wesleyan University,
+special meetings were held in connection with the Day of Prayer for
+Colleges, one of them a large chapel service at which the president of the
+college and the preceptress spoke. The report of this meeting shows that
+King Eng did not wait until her return to China to begin active efforts to
+win others to the Christian life. "At the close of an address by Miss
+Martin, the preceptress, there stepped forward upon the rostrum our little
+Chinese student, Miss Hü King Eng, who, dressed in her full native costume,
+stood gracefully before these six hundred young men and women while she
+witnessed to the saving power of Christ.... The following evening, at our
+earnest revival service in the chapel of the ladies' boarding hall, there
+knelt the Chinese girl at the side of her American sister, helping her to
+find the Saviour; and the smile of gladness on her countenance at the
+closing of the meeting told the joy in her heart because her friend was
+converted. The faith of many has been made stronger by hearing the
+testimony of Miss Hü."
+
+The statement of one of her fellow students is impressive: "She had a great
+influence over the girls, and during our revival seasons she usually led
+more to Christ than any other girl in the school. One mother, when she came
+to visit the school after such a meeting during which her own daughter had
+been converted, exclaimed, 'Little did I think when I was giving money for
+the work in China, that a Chinese girl would come to this country and be
+the means of leading my daughter to Christ.'"
+
+Miss Martin tells of one student who had long resisted all appeals, but who
+would listen to King Eng when she would not hear any one else; and who was
+finally led by her to such a complete consecration that she afterward gave
+her life to missionary service in Japan.
+
+During her vacation periods King Eng often addressed missionary meetings
+with marked success, winning such testimonies as these: "We are thanking
+God for that grand missionary meeting. It would have done your heart good
+to have heard the references to it in our Wednesday night prayer meeting,"
+or, "One gentleman said to me, 'That was the best missionary meeting we
+ever had in Third Avenue.'" It was probably while doing such work as this
+that she had the experiences which led her to realize so keenly the
+blessing of the unbound feet which had caused her so many tribulations as a
+child, for she says that when she was running for trains in America she
+always remembered "Those feet," "Those feet," and was glad that she had
+them.
+
+In the summer of 1886 she attended a meeting of the International
+Missionary Union, and there met Mrs. Baldwin, who had known her as a child
+in Foochow. Mrs. Baldwin wrote of the impression she made at this time:
+"Our dear little Chinese girl, Hü King Eng, won all hearts, as usual, by
+her sweet, gentle, trustful Christian character. To us who have known her
+from her infancy up, the meeting was of peculiar pleasure; and as she
+grasped my hand and in low, earnest, glad tones exclaimed in our Foochow
+dialect, 'Teacheress, all the same as seeing my own house people,' I could
+heartily respond, 'All the same.'"
+
+At the same time she was making rapid progress in her studies. At the
+annual meeting of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society in 1886, "the
+marvellous progress of Hü King Eng was reported ... and tears of gladness
+filled many eyes as her implicit faith, her sturdy industry, and her
+untiring devotion were described."
+
+She completed her course in Ohio Wesleyan University in four years, and in
+the autumn of 1888 entered the Woman's Medical College of Philadelphia,
+doing the regular class work, and making her home with her friend Mrs.
+Keen. After two years of work there, she was very ill with a fever for many
+weeks. When her strength began to come back, it was decided that she should
+stop studying for a time and go to China for the following year, as she was
+very eager to visit her home, especially as her father was ill. Her
+lifelong friend, Miss Ruth Sites, was also returning to Foochow at that
+time. So after securing a passport for Hü King Eng, in order that she might
+be able to return to America, the two girls made the trip together,
+spending Christmas in Yokohama, and enjoying a short visit to Tokio. The
+steamer stopped for a day at Kobe, and there Miss Hü had the pleasure of
+visiting Dr. You Mé King, then practising medicine under the Southern
+Methodist Mission. Dr. You was the only Chinese woman who had ever left
+China for study up to the time of her own going. They had a day at Nagasaki
+also, where several college mates from Ohio Wesleyan were working; and two
+days were spent in Shanghai, during which Miss Hü visited Dr. Reifsnyder's
+splendid hospital. The trip from Shanghai to Foochow was the last part of
+the long journey, and they were soon in the quiet waters of the Min River.
+Miss Sites, writing back to America, said that she could never forget King
+Eng's look as she exclaimed, "The last wave is past. Now we are almost
+home." A brother and a brother-in-law came several miles down the river in
+a launch to meet her, and sedan chairs were waiting at the landing to take
+her to her home, where her parents were eagerly awaiting her. A reception
+of welcome was given for her and Miss Sites a few days later, which was for
+her father and mother one of the proudest occasions of their lives.
+
+Some of the missionaries had wondered whether so many years of residence in
+America would not have changed King Eng, and whether some of the luxuries
+she had enjoyed there might not have become a necessity to her. With this
+in mind many little comforts unusual in a Chinese home had been put into
+her room. "But," one of them writes, "this was needless." King Eng was
+unchanged and all the attention she had received in America had left her
+unspoiled. This was doubtless largely due to the purity of her purpose in
+going. In bidding good-bye, a few years later, to some girls who were going
+to America for the first time, she said: "Some people do not want girls to
+go to America to study because they think when the girls are educated they
+will be proud. I think really we have nothing to be proud of. We Chinese
+girls have such a good opportunity to go to another country to study, not
+because God loves us better than any other persons, but because He loves
+_all_ our people in China. Therefore He sends us to learn all the good
+things first, so that we may help our people. The more favour we receive
+the more debt we owe the Chinese women and girls. So wherever we go we must
+think how to benefit our people, and not do as we please, and then how can
+we be proud?"
+
+The only cloud in this happy home-coming, after eight years of absence, was
+the illness of her father, who was suffering from consumption. But even
+this cloud was lightened by the help and cheer which King Eng was enabled
+to bring to him. Miss Sites wrote: "It is an unspeakable comfort to him to
+have King Eng with him, while she, with skill and wisdom learned in
+Philadelphia, attends to all his wants as no other Chinese could." Soon
+after King Eng's return her father was prostrated with a severe attack of
+grippe, which in his already weakened state, made his condition almost
+hopeless. Even the missionary doctor who attended him had no expectation
+that he would recover. "But," reads a letter from Mrs. Sites, "through the
+knowledge King Eng had acquired of caring for the sick, and her devotion to
+her father, with work unfaltering, and prayer unceasing, he was brought
+back to us."
+
+For many years Rev. Hü Yong Mi had been planning to build a house, wherein
+he and his family might live after he was too feeble to preach, and which
+his family might have if he should be taken from them. At this time he had
+laid by enough money to carry out his plan, but his weakness was such that
+he could have done little, had it not been for the energy and vigour of his
+wide-awake daughter. She helped make the plans for the house, and afterward
+urged forward the building, so that a few months after her return the
+family moved out of the parsonage into a comfortable little home, built in
+Chinese style, but with glass windows and board floors.
+
+In addition to the care of her father and the superintendence of the
+building of the new house, King Eng was kept very busy in the hospital,
+interpreting for the physicians in the daily clinics, and working among
+the in-patients. This experience was invaluable to her at this time in
+giving her a clearer knowledge of the especial preparation needed in her
+future work. She saw and learned much of the prevalent diseases among the
+women for whom she was preparing herself to work. She also taught a class
+of young women medical students, which gave her valuable experience in that
+line of work.
+
+One of the missionaries has written of the impression she made during this
+stay in Foochow: "She was kept very busy in the hospital and her home, but
+she was always cheerful and helpful. Her Christian love and natural
+kindness drew to her the hearts of hundreds of suffering native women, who
+felt that there was sympathy for them in her every look and touch.
+Moreover, the affectionate regard in which she had been held by her
+missionary associates in Foochow has been vastly increased by her
+unassuming manner, and the meek and quiet spirit in which she mingled with
+us in work and prayer through the months."
+
+The new home was beautifully situated, overlooking the river and receiving
+constant south breezes, which made it cool and comfortable in summer. It
+was hoped that in its quiet Mr. Hü might live for a number of years, and
+it was therefore decided that King Eng should return to America, to
+re-enter the Woman's Medical College of Philadelphia in the fall of 1892.
+On the return trip she said to Mrs. Sites, who was with her, "I have
+learned to trust God fully, else how could I be going away from my sick
+father whose every move and cough I had learned to hear so quickly through
+all the hours of the night, and still my heart be at rest?" Mrs. Sites
+adds, "Personally, her companionship on the voyage was a continual joy to
+me, notwithstanding my alarming and wearisome struggle while in Montreal to
+get permission for her to re-enter this alarmingly exclusive country."
+
+Hü King Eng re-entered the Medical College in the autumn of 1892,
+graduating with honour the eighth of May, 1894. She spent the following
+year in hospital work, being fortunate enough to be chosen as surgeon's
+assistant in the Philadelphia Polyclinic, which gave her the privilege of
+attending all the clinics and lectures there.
+
+
+
+
+III
+
+BEGINNING MEDICAL WORK IN CHINA
+
+
+In 1895 Dr. Hü returned to Foochow. She at once began work in the Foochow
+Hospital for women and children, being associated with Dr. Lyon, who wrote
+at the end of the year's work: "Dr. Hü, by her faithfulness and skill, has
+built up the dispensary until the number of the patients treated far
+exceeds that of last year. She has also been a great inspiration to our
+students, not only as teacher, but in right living and in Christian
+principles." The following year Dr. Lyon returned to America on her
+furlough, leaving the young physician in entire charge of the hospital
+work, a responsibility which she discharged so effectively that at the
+close of the year her co-labourers enthusiastically declared: "Sending Hü
+King Eng to America for a medical education was providing for one of the
+greatest blessings that ever came to Foochow. Skilled in her profession,
+kind and patient, Christlike in spirit, one of their very own, her
+influence cannot be measured."
+
+At about this time Dr. Hü was honoured by being appointed by His
+Excellency, Li Hung Chang, as one of the two delegates from China to the
+Women's Congress held in London in 1898. But she was very seriously ill
+with pneumonia that year, and for weeks it was feared that she could not
+recover. A letter from Mrs. Lacy, then living in Foochow, reads: "Dr. Hü
+King Eng has been lying at the gates of death for nearly three weeks. Dr.
+Lyon said she was beyond all human aid. Most earnest and constant prayers
+by the native Christians have been offered in her behalf. We are glad to
+report a decided improvement in her condition although she is by no means
+out of danger yet. Dr. Hü is a very valuable worker, not only a most
+successful physician, but a very superior instructor in medicine, and is
+very greatly beloved by both natives and foreigners, and it does not seem
+as if she could be spared. We can but believe that God is going to honour
+the faith of His children and raise her up to do yet greater service for
+Him."
+
+Gradually health and strength came back, and the next year it was reported
+that Dr. Hü had sufficiently recovered her health to teach one class in the
+Girls' Boarding School. A trip to the home of a married sister in Amoy,
+which gave her a sea voyage, and change of air and scene, completed her
+recovery and in 1899 she was strong enough to take charge of the Woolston
+Memorial Hospital.
+
+[Illustration: Dr. Hü's Medical Students]
+
+The Foochow Hospital for women and children is situated on Nan Tai Island,
+three miles from the walled city of Foochow. The physicians had long felt
+the need of a similar work within the city walls, and a few years before
+Dr. Hü's return from America, work had been undertaken in the city. A small
+building was erected, in which forty in-patients could be accommodated.
+This little building was named the Woolston Memorial Hospital, and nurses
+from the Island hospital took turns in working in it, under the supervision
+of one of the physicians. But until Dr. Hü took charge of the work, in
+1899, there had been no resident physician.
+
+Some years later, in telling of her appointment to this work, Dr. Hü said:
+"It is very different from what I had heard of the city people being proud
+and hard to manage. I am glad God created Lot. If he did not help any one
+else he surely helped me. At the time I said nothing and went, simply
+because I did not want to be like Lot. No one knows how I shrank when I was
+asked to work in the city; for when I thought of the place, the pitiful
+picture of the Island hospital students would come most conspicuously
+before me. I can see them even now, wiping away the tears just as hard as
+they could when their turn came to go into the city; while the other
+students were like 'laughing Buddhas,' for their turn in the city hospital
+had expired. I am glad I can speak for myself to-day that in my five years'
+experience I have never had to shed a tear because the people were
+obstinate."
+
+Nevertheless the first few months were not altogether easy ones. Dr. Hü
+herself tells the story of the beginnings of the work: "When I first took
+up my work in the city here, during the first few months what did I meet?
+People came and said that they wanted a foreign doctor. When our Bible
+woman told them that I had just returned from a foreign country, and that I
+knew foreign medicine, what was the immediate reply which I heard? 'No, I
+don't want a Chinese student, but I want a foreign doctor.' It made my
+Bible woman indignant, but by this time I usually stepped out and told them
+just where to go to find the foreign doctors. It surprised my hospital
+people that instead of feeling hurt I would do what I did."
+
+It was only a few months, however, before the city people discovered that
+this "Chinese student" was a most valuable member of the community. By
+summer the work of the little hospital was so prosperous that Dr. Hü
+decided to keep the dispensary open for three mornings a week, even after
+the intense heat had necessitated the closing of the hospital proper. Some
+of the patients signified their approval of this decision by renting rooms
+in the neighbourhood, in order to be able to attend the dispensary on the
+open days.
+
+During this first year of work in the Woolston Hospital Dr. Hü had two
+medical students in training, who also assisted her in the hospital work,
+one of them her younger sister, Hü Seuk Eng. She speaks warmly of their
+work among the patients, and of the patients' appreciation of what was done
+for them. "Very frequently," she wrote at the close of the year, "I hear
+the patients say, 'Truly my own parents, brothers, and sisters could never
+be so good, so patient, and do so carefully for us; especially when we are
+so filthy and foul in these sore places. Yes, this religion must be better
+than ours.'"
+
+Thus, although the work was begun in fear and trembling, and the young
+physician had some obstacles to overcome, she treated 2,620 patients during
+the first year, and was able to report a most encouraging outlook at its
+close.
+
+
+
+
+IV
+
+THE BELOVED PHYSICIAN
+
+
+As Dr. Hü's work grew it fell into four main divisions; the dispensary
+work, the work among the hospital patients, visits to the homes of those
+too ill to come to her, and the superintendence of the training of medical
+students. The city hospital has been crowded almost from the very outset.
+The situation was somewhat relieved in 1904, by the building of a house for
+Dr. Hü on Black Rock Hill. This enabled her to move out of the hospital and
+thus enlarged the space available for patients; but the additional space
+was soon filled and the building was as crowded as before. Dr. Hü is
+utilizing the building to the best possible advantage. One of her fellow
+missionaries writes that every department is as well arranged as in any
+hospital she has ever seen; every nook and corner is clean and tidy,
+students are happy, helpful, and studious, and patients are cared for both
+physically and spiritually.
+
+The hospital records hold many a story of those who found both physical
+and spiritual healing during their stay there. One day a woman over fifty,
+whose husband and son had died while she was very young, came to the
+hospital for treatment. When she was only twenty-two, crushed by her grief,
+and feeling, as she said, that there was no more pleasure in this world for
+her, she made a solemn vow before the idols that she would be a vegetarian
+for the rest of her life, hoping in this way to obtain reward in the next
+life. At the time she came to the hospital she had kept this vow sacredly
+for nearly thirty years, being so scrupulous in her observance of it that
+she even used her own cooking utensils in the hospital, lest some particle
+of animal matter should have adhered to the others and thus contaminate her
+food. She was so unostentatious about it, however, that Dr. Hü did not know
+she was a vegetarian until she prescribed milk for her.
+
+While in the hospital this woman was greatly surprised to hear, in morning
+prayers every day, that which she could but admit was better than her old
+belief. Day by day she compared the Christian teaching with her old
+religion, until finally one morning, after she had been in the hospital
+about a week, she went to Dr. Hü after the service, and said: "Doctor,
+your religion is better than mine. I want to be a Christian, but very
+unfortunately I have made a solemn vow to idols, and now, if I should
+change my faith, these idols would punish me, my children, and children's
+children." The doctor assured her that she need not be afraid, since the
+idols to which she had made her vow were only wood and stone, powerless to
+harm her. She went off comforted, and a few hours later she created
+tremendous excitement through the hospital by preparing and eating the
+first meal of meat she had had for almost thirty years. Some of the
+patients were much frightened, for the vegetarian vow is considered a most
+sacred one which, when broken, can never be made again, and they feared
+that some dire calamity would overtake her. Nothing worse occurred,
+however, than an attack of indigestion, the natural consequence of too free
+indulgence in the flesh pots after so many years of abstinence; and the
+dauntless old lady announced her intention of enjoying many a similar meal
+in the days to come.
+
+Her home was at some distance, and after she left the hospital nothing more
+was seen of her until three years later, when she appeared one day,
+bringing with her several patients for treatment. She had gained so much
+flesh, and looked so well, that she had to tell the doctor who she was.
+She said that after she went home, and her vegetarian friends saw the
+dishes of meat on her table and realized that she had broken her sacred
+vow, they were indignant and alarmed, and would have nothing to do with
+her. But within the previous year some of them had gradually begun to come
+to see her again. "I felt badly for their ignorance," she said, "but, oh, I
+was very glad to have the opportunity to tell them of what you had told me
+when I was converted."
+
+At one time a former patient of the doctor's, who belonged to a prominent
+family in the city, brought an old man of seventy-one for treatment. The
+rule of the hospital is that only women and children shall be received as
+in-patients, so the doctor directed him to go to Dr. Kinnear's hospital.
+But the old man looked greatly disappointed and begged pitifully: "I am a
+poor old man and my limb is very painful; _I-seng_ (doctor), do help me and
+have mercy upon me. Do not look upon me as a man, but a child." The
+doctor's tender heart finally prevailed and she made an exception of him.
+When the old man was cured he came back to the hospital regularly, every
+day, for the morning service. After listening attentively for a few weeks,
+he said to the doctor, "_I-seng_, I truly know this is a good religion and
+is just what I want, and I have decided to bow down to this very God."
+
+His health did not improve as rapidly as the doctor thought it should; and
+upon making careful inquiries she learned that it was because the small
+amount of money which it was possible for him to earn, was not sufficient
+to provide him with the nourishing food he needed. She at once gave him
+some money, telling him to buy the sort of food which would build-up his
+strength, and not to tell any one that he had been given this help. But
+this was altogether too much to ask of the grateful old man, and "he went
+out and began to publish it." The family who had sent him to the doctor
+were much touched by this fresh evidence of her kindness, and thereafter
+they sent their son with the old man to the morning services each day,
+saying: "The Christian doctor is so good and kind. She has not only treated
+this poor man free of charge but has helped him with money. Surely this
+religion must be good."
+
+Often patients come from far away villages to enter the hospital. One young
+girl from a town many miles up the Min River, who became a happy, eager
+Christian in the hospital, went home with the hope of coming back to study
+in the Girls' Boarding School the next year. She was very eager to tell the
+people of her village, in the meantime, of the glad truths she had learned.
+"I will be the only Christian in the village," she said. "How I wish Dr. Hü
+and Lau Sing-sang Moing (the Bible woman) would come and tell my people
+about the new religion. I will tell them all I know, but I don't know very
+much." One case is related of an old woman with double cataracts, whose son
+brought her on a wheelbarrow a distance of several hundred miles to consult
+Dr. Hü. The doctor performed a successful operation, restoring the woman's
+sight, and thereby earning the title of "The Miracle Lady."
+
+A large work is done every year in the dispensary, where Dr. Hü receives
+patients each morning. This work has grown from 1,837 cases the first year
+to 24,091 in 1910, and has made literally thousands of friends for the
+doctor and her work. When she planned to erect the little building in which
+she lives on Black Rock Hill many people told her that they were sure the
+priests, especially those of the Black Rock Hill temple, would strongly
+object to the erection of a mission building on that site, which was
+considered a particularly sacred one. But Dr. Hü felt no anxiety in regard
+to that, for the priests had been coming to the dispensary for treatment
+for some months previous to the time of beginning the building. "Some have
+come from Singapore monastery," she wrote, "others from Kushan, still
+others from those in our own city. Thank God that their illnesses were
+quickly healed."
+
+She tells of one of the Singapore priests who was so grateful to be well
+again that he came to the hospital one morning, dressed as for some
+festival occasion, and bringing with him two boxes of cakes and two Chinese
+scrolls, the Chinese characters of which he had himself written. These he
+presented to Dr. Hü with his lowest bow, saying, "If I had not come to you
+and taken your medicine I would have been dead, or at least I would not be
+able to go back to Singapore." Many priests even came to the morning
+services and listened attentively to what was said there.
+
+A somewhat incidental but very useful work carried on largely in the
+dispensary, by the Bible women, is a crusade against foot-binding. Dr. Hü's
+useful life, and the important part her strong, natural feet play in it, is
+a most effective object-lesson; and the annual reports usually record a
+goodly number of those who have unbound their feet during the year.
+
+The most difficult part of the work is that of visiting the sick in their
+homes, both because of the great distances that have to be covered, and
+because in many cases the doctor is not called except as a last resort. One
+of Dr. Hü's reports reads: "I am very sorry that we do not yet have foreign
+vehicles, railroads, or street cars. It takes much time to go from one
+place to another. Fortunately my Chinese people live near together, with
+their relatives, so when I am invited to go to see one case I often have to
+prescribe for sixteen or twenty cases before my return." Often when the
+doctor answers a call she finds that the patient has been ill for a long
+time, while the relatives have been seeking to obtain help from the Chinese
+doctor or from idols. She herself shall tell the story of an experience of
+this kind:
+
+    "Last week I was called to see a woman very ill with cholera. Her
+    people had had all known doctors, both in and out of the city, and
+    had consulted with and begged many idols to heal her, but the woman
+    had grown worse and worse, until, when she was apparently hopeless,
+    having been unconscious for two days, one of the doctors suggested
+    to try me. I went at once, and found the room crowded with friends
+    and relatives. They could not tell me fast enough what a good and
+    filial woman she was, but that the idols had said certain spirits
+    wanted her, and no amount of offerings could buy her back again. I
+    told them that the woman was _very_ ill, and that I feared it was
+    too late for my medicine to help her. Many voices replied, 'We
+    know, we know, and if she dies we will not blame you.' With a
+    prayer, and three doses of medicine left for the woman to take, we
+    left them."
+
+    "That afternoon her husband came to report that she was better. I
+    went to see her and to my great surprise she _was_ better. While
+    there a famous idol arrived to drive out the evil spirit. I said,
+    'Do you want me, or do you want the idols? We cannot work
+    together.' They insisted that I continue to prepare my medicine and
+    said that the idol could wait. He did wait twenty minutes, and I
+    have been told since that no one ever dared to ask an idol to wait
+    before. Before leaving they promised me that the idol should not go
+    near, or do anything outrageous to the woman. This is now the tenth
+    day and the woman seems to have quite recovered."
+
+    "The woman's husband came yesterday and told me that not only he,
+    but many friends and relatives, were convinced that the idols were
+    false; for one idol would give one cause for the illness of his
+    wife, and another idol would give another cause; while once they
+    did not give the medicine sent by an idol and he (the medium) said
+    later, 'The medicine has done her good.' The husband said, 'We see
+    plainly that my wife was saved by your God, by you, and your
+    medicine.'"
+
+While Dr. Hü has done a great deal of work for the poor, her practice is by
+no means limited to that class, for she is often called to the homes of the
+official and wealthy classes. One grateful husband, whose wife and baby Dr.
+Hü had saved, told her that he would not only give money towards her new
+hospital himself, but would also help her to obtain subscriptions from his
+friends. "Chinese doctors have learned to use clinical thermometers," he
+observed, "but the Chinese medicine does not seem to fit the foreign
+thermometer, for the patients do not seem to get well as with the foreign
+medicine."
+
+The first student to receive a diploma from the Woolston Memorial Hospital
+was Dr. Hü's sister, Hü Seuk Eng, who graduated in April, 1902. The
+graduation exercises, held in the Sing Bo Ting Ancestral Hall, which was
+willingly loaned for the occasion, created a keen interest, and numbers of
+the city people gathered to witness proceedings so unusual. Many of them
+said, "This is the first time a Christian service was ever held in a
+temple." But what was even more wonderful to them was the revelation of
+the possibilities of Chinese young womanhood which they received. Dr. Hü
+wrote that after the exercises an official who lived near by announced: "I
+will buy a girl seven or eight years old and I will have a tutor for her.
+Then I will send her to the Girls' Boarding School to study, and then she
+may go to Dr. Hü to study medicine. Then she will go to Sing Bo Ting
+Ancestral Temple, too, to receive her diploma. Besides, we will all be
+Christians." Others were heard to exclaim, "Who knew girls could do so much
+good to the world--more than our boys!"
+
+When the exercises were over, greatly to Seuk Eng's surprise, her sedan
+chair was escorted all the way back to the hospital, to the accompaniment
+of the popping of hundreds of fire-crackers, set off in her honour. A
+Chinese feast was prepared for the guests in the hospital, after which
+another unexpected explosion of congratulatory fire-crackers took place.
+Thus ended in true Chinese fashion, amid noise and smoke, the first
+graduation exercises of the Woolston Memorial Hospital.
+
+They were by no means the last, however, for this department of work has
+been steadily carried on ever since Dr. Hü took charge of the hospital. In
+1904 she reported: "Our little medical school is getting on nicely. The
+success of the school is mostly due to our good teacher and the students
+themselves, who have a great desire to learn. They have had written
+examinations this year; the highest general average was 98 and the lowest
+85. Can any one dare to think, 'What is the use to teach these Chinese
+people?'"
+
+Dr. Hü wrote of the commencement exercises of the class graduating the
+following year: "Quite a number of the gentry, and the teachers of the
+government schools for young men, had asked to come to attend the
+graduating exercises; and of course we were very much pleased to have them.
+They did seem to enjoy it very much. Some of them have told my friends that
+they were surprised and delighted to see that their countrywomen could be
+so brave and do so well. They also wished that their students might have
+come to see and to listen for themselves. One of the gentry decided that
+day that his daughter should come to us to study medicine."
+
+Up to this time no girl who did not have a diploma from a mission school
+had been admitted to the medical course of the Woolston Hospital. But in
+1906, yielding to the great desire of many other young women to take
+medical training, Dr. Hü opened the course to any who could pass an
+examination on certain subjects which she considered essential
+prerequisites to a medical course. Four of the seven who presented
+themselves for examination were passed; only one was a Christian girl, two
+were daughters-in-law of officials, the other a daughter of one of the
+gentry.
+
+An extract from the examination paper of one of them shows the real
+earnestness of purpose with which the work was undertaken. The first
+question asked was, "Please give your reasons for coming to study
+medicine?" "Alas, the women of my country are forgotten in the minds of the
+intellectual world. How could they think of a subject as important as the
+education of medicine! The result is that many lives are lost, simply on
+account of no women physicians for women. Though mission hospitals for
+women and children have been established for a number of years in the
+Fuhkien province they are far less than we need. For this reason I have a
+great desire for a medical education, hoping that I may be able to help,
+and to save my fellow sisters from suffering. It is for this reason I dare
+to apply for this instruction."
+
+The graduates of the medical course are as yet not great in numbers, but
+they are doing earnest, efficient work. Some of them have remained in the
+hospital as assistants or matrons. Of a recent graduating class, one went
+to the Methodist hospital in Ngu-cheng to assist Dr. Li Bi Cu, the
+physician in charge; another went to a large village, to be the only
+physician practising Western medicine; the third to Tientsin, as an
+assistant in the Imperial Peiyang Woman's Medical College.
+
+
+
+
+V
+
+THE FAVOUR OF THE PEOPLE
+
+
+As shown by the glimpses of Dr. Hü's work which have been given
+evangelistic work is carried on in conjunction with the medical work.
+Christian services are held each morning, and are attended by the
+dispensary patients, those of the hospital patients who are able to be up,
+the servants, and usually, also, by a number of visitors. The first year
+after taking charge of the hospital Dr. Hü was able to report: "Not only
+some of the in-patients, but also some of our morning dispensary patients,
+were converted and joined the church on probation. We are rejoicing over
+the fact that all the hospital servants, all my own servants, and also our
+teacher, have given their hearts to Christ. They said before a chapel full
+of patients in one of our morning services, that they would from that day
+on try to be Christians and to live a good life. So far (six months) they
+have proved themselves to be in earnest."
+
+A few years later she writes: "In our morning prayers I have often looked
+and seen a chapel full of people. I have carefully looked over the crowd
+and I could easily recognize those who have just come to us, others who
+have been here longer. You wonder how I know it? Well, their faces show.
+Oftentimes our patients listen so attentively that they forget they are in
+a crowd. Sometimes one, two, three, or even more, speak up with one voice,
+'The Jesus doctrine is truly good. What the leader said is nothing but the
+truth. Idols are false.'"
+
+In addition to the morning services Christian work is constantly done by
+the Bible women who work in connection with the hospital. They hold
+meetings in the hospital wards, teach the hospital patients to read the
+Bible, do personal work among those waiting their turn in the dispensary,
+and visit in the homes. One of the missionaries who is a frequent visitor
+to the hospital says: "No hour of the week brings more fully the joy of
+service than the hour I spend in the City Hospital with the poor sick folk
+there. They are always so glad to hear, and so responsive. No wonder the
+Master loved to heal; and no wonder the Christian physician finds so many
+open doors."
+
+It is not to be wondered at that those who have been ministered to by this
+tender, skilful Christian woman, and have watched her happy, busy life
+poured out in the service of the suffering ones about her, have become
+convinced that the beautiful doctrine which she teaches and lives is true.
+Every year the hospital reports contain a record of those who have become
+Christians during the year as a result of the medical work. Moreover, the
+seeds sown in the early years of the hospital, some of which seemed to have
+fallen on rocky ground, were not all in vain. Dr. Hü's sister, reporting
+the work of 1908, writes: "After careful investigation we found that those
+seeds were sown deep enough, and with such attention, that even though
+seven, eight, or nine years have passed they are to-day still germinating,
+growing, and bearing fruit. After hearing and accepting the gospel, their
+lives are changed. They become brighter and more straightforward, and have
+a love for other people."
+
+Christmas is a great event in the Woolston Memorial Hospital, not only for
+the patients and workers, but also for as many of the neighbours as can be
+accommodated in the chapel. There is never any difficulty with regard to
+unwilling guests; on the contrary, the neighbours invariably respond with
+almost disconcerting enthusiasm. The first year that they were invited
+to the Christmas exercises, red Chinese cards, reading "Admit one only,"
+were distributed to one hundred and twenty families, one to each house, the
+choice of the member who should use it being left to the family. Careful
+explanations as to why all could not be invited were made; but in spite of
+this, during the days preceding Christmas, the doctor was besieged by the
+non-elect with requests for invitations.
+
+[Illustration: Dr. Hü's Christmas Party]
+
+The guests were invited for half-past seven Christmas evening, but the
+great majority of them were on hand at four o'clock waiting for the doors
+to be opened. When they were opened, and the guests began to pass in,
+presenting their red tickets, a new predicament arose; for it was
+discovered that many of these tickets were of their own manufacture, the
+number of those which were passed in far exceeding the number of those
+which had been given out. But when the doctor looked over the crowds, and
+saw how eager they were to get in, and how good-natured they were, she had
+not the heart to turn them away, so told the gatekeepers to let them in as
+long as they could find a place in which to stand. And although the chapel
+was crowded to its utmost seating and standing capacity, even the basement
+and the yard outside being filled, Dr. Hü said that no better behaved or
+more quiet crowd could have been desired. They listened attentively to the
+exercises, which were fully two hours long, and at the close, group by
+group, they all went up to thank the doctor for the pleasure she had
+provided for them, and then quietly dispersed.
+
+Tea, cakes, and oranges had been provided for the invited guests, but as
+more than twice the number invited had arrived, it was found necessary to
+omit that part of the entertainment. However, the doctor sent her servants
+the following day to distribute the cakes and fruits among those for whom
+they had been provided. That the guests had enjoyed themselves was evident
+when the next Christmas drew near, for many either sent to Dr. Hü, or came
+themselves, to remind her not to forget to invite them to the Christmas
+entertainment. Nor did a single guest fail to appear on Christmas evening.
+
+If a physician's chief reward is the gratitude and appreciation of those
+among whom he works, Dr. Hü is indeed rewarded for her self-forgetful
+service of those whom she lovingly terms "my Chinese." Appreciation of the
+work she is doing is convincingly shown by the way in which the people
+flock to her, and in their great eagerness to have the hospital kept open
+the year around. This has proved to be impossible, although every summer
+Dr. Hü has made an effort to continue the work, being willing to toil even
+through the intense heat of July and August, and, since the students must
+be given a vacation, with only half her usual corps of assistants. One
+summer she wrote with gratitude that the thermometer in her bedroom
+registered only 93° that day, after two weeks of 99° and even 100°, and
+added, "It would do you good if you could see how grateful these people are
+to see us keeping our hospital open; and we are very glad to be able to do
+something for them in this very trying hot season."
+
+But the intense heat of a South China summer and the things that it brings
+with it, make it impossible to keep the work going continuously in the
+present crowded quarters. Often it is the dreaded plague which necessitates
+the closing of the hospital doors. One morning Dr. Hü heard that the
+neighbour directly across the street from the hospital had been stricken
+with this fatal disease. She closed the hospital at once, and put up a
+notice telling the patients why it was necessary to close, and assuring
+them that she would begin work again as soon as it was safe to do so. The
+next morning the notice had disappeared, and another one which was put up
+disappeared as promptly. An explanation of this was afforded Dr. Hü, by a
+remark which she overheard: "How can we stand having this hospital closed?
+We took the notice down in hope that the hospital would be opened." But
+when the plague is prevalent, the closing of the hospital is the only safe
+course to pursue; for one person, coming into the dispensary suffering from
+this disease, may do more harm in a few minutes than could be undone in
+many weeks.
+
+A common and gracious way of expressing appreciation in China is the
+presentation of an honorary tablet, to be set up in one's reception room,
+on which is written an appreciation of the achievements of the recipient.
+These are constantly bestowed upon Dr. Hü by those patients who are wealthy
+enough to express their gratitude in this fashion.
+
+A few years ago fire broke out in the middle of the night not far from the
+hospital. It burned up to the west wall of the hospital and all along the
+length of the wall, completely destroying all the houses in front of it.
+Then it was that the Chinese gave expression in very concrete form to their
+appreciation of their fellow-countrywoman, and the work which she was doing
+in that hospital. Dr. Hü says that the building might have been reduced to
+ashes in a moment had it not been for the faithful efforts of those who
+"were more willing to have their faces scorched and burned than to leave
+their work undone," and who laboured to such effect that nothing but the
+roof was seriously damaged. After the danger was over the people poured in
+to express their sympathy, and offer their congratulations that the damage
+was no greater, some of them bringing pots of tea and dishes of food. "This
+may not seem very wonderful to the people in a Christian country," says Dr.
+Hü, "but if you knew how the people usually are treated at such times you
+will agree with me when I say 'Wonderful.'" Fire is usually interpreted as
+an expression of the displeasure of the gods, and it is considered discreet
+not to interfere.
+
+Appreciation of Dr. Hü's work is not limited to any one class of people.
+One day when she was watching the laying of the foundation of her home on
+Black Rock Hill, many of the people who lived near were gathered around,
+and she thought it would be a good opportunity to see how they felt about
+her coming there. So she asked an old "literary man" standing near her,
+"Ibah, are you glad to see us building? We will soon be your neighbours."
+Without any hesitation he replied, while the others signified hearty
+approval of his remarks: "We are all delighted. It is a hospital, and very
+different from building a church. _I-seng_ (doctor), you have made many
+cures in our families. Of course you don't remember us, but even after the
+transmigration to either dog or hog we will remember you. You may be sure
+you are welcomed, only we are not good enough to be your neighbours." After
+the doctor had left, her chair-bearers told her that the people really
+meant what they said; for they had heard them say similar things when she
+was not there. Dr. Hü added, "I do feel very sorry that these people are
+still ignorant that a mission hospital is a part of the church, but they
+will know some day."
+
+Nor has appreciation of the work been limited to words. From the
+magistrates down, the Chinese have readily subscribed gifts of money to the
+hospital work. Even the Chinese physicians, who have found Dr. Hü's
+scientific training so formidable a rival to their practice, have exhibited
+a most friendly spirit. Dr. Hü says of them: "The Chinese doctors have
+bravely brought their patients for us to heal. Some of them are well-known
+doctors in the city here, so their coming to us helps our work a good
+deal. These doctors are not at all conceited. They talk very openly and
+frankly before everybody."
+
+That Dr. Hü is genuinely loved by her patients, and not valued simply as
+one from whom benefits are received, was evidenced during her mother's long
+last illness. During the many months when her mother was so ill, the doctor
+made the long trip of several miles, from her hospital to her home, almost
+every night, returning each day for her morning clinics. This, and her care
+of her mother, added to all her other work, made such heavy days that the
+patients often said: "Dr. Hü must be very tired. We must save her from
+working too hard."
+
+This, however, is more easily said than done; for Dr. Hü's sympathetic
+heart makes it very hard for her to spare herself as long as any one needs
+her help. For nine years after taking charge of the Woolston Memorial
+Hospital she worked almost unceasingly, with practically no vacations
+except those caused by the necessity of closing the hospital in the summer,
+and these she made as brief as possible. But during all this time the work
+had been steadily increasing, until finally, in 1907, when the number who
+thronged the hospital and dispensary was greater than ever before, the
+doctor's health broke down under the strain, and, although with the
+greatest reluctance, she was forced to stop work. Her fellow-missionaries
+insisted that she leave the city during the terrific heat of summer, and go
+to Sharp Peak for some rest. She had been there only two days when she was
+taken dangerously ill, and for weeks and months the gravest anxiety was
+felt concerning her. But she received the best of care and nursing, and
+finally, in March of the following year, she began gradually to recover.
+
+Some advised that the hospital be closed. But Dr. Hü's younger sister, Hü
+Seuk Eng, who had received her medical training in the Woolston Memorial
+Hospital under Dr. Hü King Eng, and had been associated with her sister in
+the hospital work for some years, said that to close the hospital would be
+a great shock to Dr. Hü, and a bitter disappointment to the people, and
+that she would undertake to keep it open. "The load was indeed very heavy
+and my heart was truly frightened," she admitted afterward. "Every day I
+just repeated that comforting verse, 'He leadeth me,' and marched forward."
+
+At first the people did not have the confidence in Hü Seuk Eng which they
+had in Dr. Hü King Eng. Hü Seuk Eng tells of their great eagerness to see
+her sister: "The faith of many of the patients has been so strong that they
+thought their illness would at once be cured, or at least lessened, if they
+could only touch Dr. Hü's garment or hear her voice, or merely look into
+her face. During these months of sickness many people came wishing to see
+'the great Dr. Hü.' They did not want to see me, whom they termed 'the
+little Dr. Hü.' Some of the leading gentry pleaded with the hospital
+servants to present their cards to Dr. Hü, and she would be sure to come
+out to see their sick friends. For it is fully nine years since she was
+appointed to take charge of this city work, and never once has she been so
+ill. Indeed, it is the first time she has not been able to respond to
+pressing calls for medical treatment. So often were heard the words, 'I
+want the doctor whose hair is dressed on the top of her head and who has
+graduated from an American college,' that my fellow workers advised the
+same coiffure in order to avoid trouble; but I told them when the question
+was asked again just to answer, 'This is Dr. Hü's younger sister, and she
+will do the best she can.'"
+
+As Dr. Hü grew stronger she was able to consult with her sister as to the
+hospital work; the nurses and students gave the young physician
+whole-hearted co-operation; and in time of need Dr. Kinnear, of the
+American Board, whose hospital is not far away, was always ready to advise
+and help. Thus the hospital work was successfully carried on under the
+"Great Dr. Hü's sister, Dr. Hü No. 2," until Dr. Hü King Eng was again able
+to take charge of it.
+
+As busy as ever, Dr. Hü is back at her work with renewed strength. "I just
+'look up and lend a hand,'" she says, in the words of the motto of The
+King's Daughters' Society of her college. But hundreds and thousands of the
+suffering ones of her country rise up to call her blessed for the loving,
+skilful ministry of that hand which has been lent to their needs untiringly
+for many years, and which they hope will be their strength and comfort for
+years to come.
+
+That her friends in America recognize the splendid service she is rendering
+in China, is evidenced by the fact that at its last Commencement her Alma
+Mater, Ohio Wesleyan University, conferred upon her the honorary degree of
+Master of Science.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MRS. AHOK
+
+  I. THE MISTRESS OF A HOME OF WEALTH
+
+ II. WORK AMONG THE WOMEN OF THE UPPER CLASSES
+
+III. A JOURNEY TO ENGLAND
+
+ IV. PATIENT IN TRIBULATION
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: Mrs. Ahok and Her Two Granddaughters]
+
+
+
+
+MRS. AHOK
+
+I
+
+THE MISTRESS OF A HOME OF WEALTH
+
+
+One of the most prominent men in Foochow during the latter half of the last
+century was Mr. Ahok, a wealthy Chinese merchant. One who had known him for
+years speaks of him as "a man of remarkable business integrity and
+generosity of nature." He was very friendly to the Americans and English
+living in Foochow, and Dr. Baldwin, of the Methodist Mission, was, during
+all his stay in China, Mr. Ahok's most trusted friend and adviser. Mrs.
+Baldwin gives a very attractive picture of this Chinese gentleman:
+
+    "When any great calamity through fire or flood came to the people,
+    he was quick to respond with the most liberal aid; and I have known
+    him in times of cholera or epidemic sickness to have thousands of
+    packages of medicine put up by our foreign physicians, for him to
+    give to the sick people. In all our acquaintance with him I never
+    knew him to turn a deaf ear to an appeal for help; in a
+    neighbouring city he supported alone a foundling asylum, in which
+    were one hundred little castaway girls to whom he supplied nurses,
+    clothing, etc., and he assured us that no one besides Mr. Baldwin
+    and myself knew of it. He had for some time been accustomed to come
+    to advise and consult Mr. Baldwin on various matters, and when
+    going away would give him a power of attorney to sign for the
+    firm."
+
+When Mr. Ahok was married, he urged Dr. and Mrs. Baldwin to be present at
+the ceremony, and gave them the privilege of bringing foreign friends with
+them if they so desired. His wife was a member of a family of high rank,
+the sister of a mandarin, and the possessor of an aristocratic little foot
+two inches and a half long. Outside of those educated in the mission
+schools, she was the first Chinese woman that Mrs. Baldwin had met who
+could read and write. One day not long after the wedding, Dr. Baldwin met
+Mr. Ahok, and disregarding the Chinese custom which makes it a breach of
+etiquette to inquire after a man's wife, asked about Mrs. Ahok. Mr. Ahok at
+once answered with evident pride, "She all the same one mandarin; she reads
+books all the day." He was very proud of her unusual ability, and the
+confidence and sympathy which soon existed between him and his wife was
+much greater than is usual in a non-Christian home in China. Mrs. Ahok
+shared her husband's warm feeling for his foreign friends. The words of
+Mrs. Baldwin, who knew her intimately, characterize her well:
+
+    "She was, from my first meeting with her, ever a friend of me and
+    mine.... She was a woman of strong character, of fine personal
+    appearance, always attired in elegant dress, and so perfect in her
+    observance of the elaborate code of Chinese etiquette that it was
+    ever a marvel to me how she remembered the smallest details of the
+    exacting courtesy, never failing to meet the terse and telling
+    instruction of the standard book on etiquette for girls and women,
+    'As a guest demand nothing, as a hostess exhaust courtesy....' The
+    better I knew her the more I esteemed her."
+
+Mr. Ahok had two beautiful homes in Foochow; one a very fine Chinese house,
+the other an English residence, elegantly furnished with carpets, pictures,
+piano, and all other foreign furnishings required for comfort and beauty.
+In these two homes he and his wife entertained with great hospitality. Mrs.
+Baldwin says that she has often seen almost the entire foreign community of
+Foochow, officials, missionaries, and business people, entertained in the
+Ahoks' home, sometimes in Chinese fashion, sometimes in foreign. It is, of
+course, contrary to Chinese custom for the mistress of the home to appear
+before gentlemen outside of her own family. Mrs. Ahok, however, knowing
+that it was the custom in England and America for the hostess to dispense
+hospitality to her guests, gradually accustomed herself to appearing as
+hostess at all gatherings where there were foreign guests; first at small
+dinners, and later in larger companies. One who was a frequent guest in the
+home says, "It was a constant surprise to me to see this Chinese lady, so
+accustomed to seclusion, ever so modestly self-possessed, and in courteous,
+ladylike bearing, equal to every occasion."
+
+But although ready to conform to foreign custom when entertaining foreign
+guests in her home, it was several years before Mrs. Ahok was willing to
+attend similar gatherings in other homes. She frequently called at the home
+of her friend, Mrs. Baldwin, but never when there were strangers there. On
+one occasion when Mrs. Baldwin was entertaining a few guests at dinner, she
+invited Mr. Ahok to dine with them. He accepted readily, and Mrs. Baldwin
+went on to say: "We very much desire that Mrs. Ahok should come with you.
+We know your customs, but you have known us for a long time. Cannot Mrs.
+Ahok make an exception and come on this occasion?" He seemed very much
+troubled and replied: "I would very greatly like to have my wife come, and
+she would enjoy doing so, and if there were no one here but Mr. Baldwin and
+you she would come. But other men will be here, and if she came her chair
+bearers would know it and her name be injured."
+
+As has been seen, Mr. Ahok was always very friendly to the missionaries and
+in sympathy with their work. The Anglo-Chinese College of the Methodist
+Mission, for example, was made possible by his generous gift. But it was
+some years before he became a Christian. When the step was finally taken,
+however, he proved to be a most ardent worker, giving generously to the
+work of several denominations in various parts of China, holding Christian
+services in his home, and doing earnest personal work among those with whom
+he came in contact in the transaction of his business, both in Foochow and
+on his trips to other cities.
+
+Mrs. Ahok was a very devout Buddhist and had no desire at all to learn of
+Christianity. She was, however, eager to learn English, and consented to
+learn it through the Bible, since Miss Foster, the English missionary who
+had been asked to instruct her in English, would consent to give time from
+her other work only on that condition. "I have often found her with the
+house full of idols, incense being burned before them," reads a letter from
+one of her friends. "Our hearts were often discouraged, fearing that this
+Chinese lady would always love the idols." Even after her husband had
+become a Christian Mrs. Ahok insisted that she would never forsake the
+worship of her ancestors and follow the foreign religion. "But," said Mrs.
+Baldwin, "I felt very sure that a woman of her mind and character would yet
+follow her husband into the better life. Within a year after, she became a
+most earnest, loving, working disciple of Christ, ready to deny herself and
+bear her cross in many ways most trying to a Chinese lady."
+
+Both Mrs. Ahok and her husband had intense opposition to meet, for it was
+not to be expected that members of families of such high rank should
+forsake the religion of their fathers without encountering bitter protest
+from their kindred. The opposition of mother and mother-in-law, both of
+whom lived in the home with them, was especially hard to bear. Mrs. Ahok's
+mother was intensely hostile to Christianity, and did everything possible
+to make things so unpleasant for her daughter that she would renounce her
+new faith. Mr. Ahok's mother was no less opposed at first; but gradually
+she became more willing to learn about Christianity, and for some time
+alternated between her idol worship and the Sunday and mid-week services
+and family prayers which Mr. Ahok held in his home. At length, after having
+thus compared the two religions for some time, she announced: "You may take
+my idol away. Hereafter your God shall be my God." From that time on she
+was a radiant Christian, and it was not long until Mrs. Ahok's mother
+followed her example.
+
+At the time of the death of Mr. Ahok's mother, there occurred an
+interesting example of the way in which a Chinese can become an earnest
+Christian without becoming less Chinese thereby. In that part of China the
+wealthy families, and many of those of the middle classes, begin on the
+seventh day after a death a series of "meritorious" ceremonies for the
+repose and general benefit of the soul of the departed. In one form or
+another the ceremonies are repeated every seventh day thereafter until the
+forty-ninth day. Buddhist or Taoist priests are hired to conduct the
+ceremonies. Mr. Ahok, probably partly that he might not antagonize his
+relatives and friends by a disregard of their funeral customs, partly
+because of the opportunity for spreading the knowledge of Christianity
+thus afforded, followed the custom of having such a gathering every seventh
+day. But instead of non-Christian ceremonies being held, the truths of
+Christianity were preached.
+
+Mrs. Ahok proved to be as active a worker as was her husband. When she had
+been a Christian only a very short time, the leader for the Friday night
+meeting held in their home failed to arrive. Evidently her husband was away
+on one of his business trips, for there was no one else there who could
+take charge of the service. So Mrs. Ahok said, "I will lead it, though I am
+not very well instructed in the doctrines of Christianity." In telling of
+it afterward she said: "I read about the woman who lost the piece of money
+and took a candle and searched for it; and about the sheep that was lost
+and found; and then there was singing and prayer; and I spoke to them, and
+I was able to speak a great deal for them to hear. God helped me and
+blessed me greatly in the service."
+
+Soon after she had become a Christian she wrote a letter to the Woman's
+Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Church, to be read at their
+annual meeting. In it she says: "The time for your meeting is so near that
+thoughts of it are constantly in my heart.... We have meetings in our
+_hong_ (store), and also meetings in our house every Friday evening. The
+praise for leading us to know the doctrine, and open the meetings, is all
+due to the sisters who have not minded that the road to China led them so
+away from their own country, but have come to teach us of Christianity.
+Although I do not presume to say that my heart has been deeply sown with
+gospel seed, yet I know that it has been changed into a different heart....
+Now I send you this letter of greeting, thanking you for your favours, and
+praising you for your great virtues. May God bless your fervour and spread
+abroad the doctrine of Christianity in my country. This is what I always
+pray."
+
+
+
+
+II
+
+WORK AMONG THE WOMEN OF THE UPPER CLASSES
+
+
+Interested in every form of Christian service, Mrs. Ahok was especially
+eager to share the joy of her new-found faith with the women of her own
+class, the wealthy aristocratic ladies whose secluded lives were so barren
+and empty, and to whom it was so difficult for a missionary to obtain
+access. She threw herself with whole-hearted eagerness into the work of the
+Church of England Zenana Society, whose mission is to these very women, and
+many are the testimonies to the inestimable value of the work which she
+did. As one of the missionaries wrote: "She is of immense usefulness in
+getting the houses open, as she knows the high-class families, and is
+intensely earnest herself that her fellow-countrywomen should receive the
+glad news too. Her knowledge of the endless Chinese etiquette and customs,
+too, is of great service." How difficult it would have been to carry on
+work of this kind successfully without the help of a Chinese lady of the
+"four hundred," can be judged from the accounts of the work which the
+missionaries wrote home from time to time.
+
+[Illustration: Reception Rooms in Chinese Homes of Wealth]
+
+    "We have paid our first visit to some of the rich families in the
+    city. Mrs. Ahok sent a coolie on the day before to ask if they
+    could see us, and they having signified their willingness, we
+    agreed to meet Mrs. Ahok and go with her. We had some dinner at 12
+    o'clock, as the city is so far away it takes a great deal of time
+    to go, and then started in our sedan chairs to meet Mrs. Ahok. We
+    found her ready, waiting for us, dressed in a most lovely coral
+    pink jacket, beautifully embroidered, and with very pretty
+    ornaments in her hair...."
+
+    "After an hour and a half's ride through the narrow, crowded
+    streets of the suburbs we reached the city gates; then through more
+    streets even more thronged, till we reached the house. We were
+    carried through the large outer door, then through a small
+    courtyard, and our chairs put down in a row facing the partition
+    which shut off the next portion of the house. There we had to sit
+    some little time, as I fancy the ladies had not quite finished
+    dressing, but at last out came one of the heads of the family and
+    invited us in. We got out of our chairs and in turn made a sort of
+    low bow to the newcomer, shaking our own hands (Chinese fashion)
+    all the time. This over, she escorted us into an inner room....
+    There was a rug on the floor, a round table, some very high chairs
+    with straight backs, and some mirrors. We sat in state some few
+    minutes and then more ladies came in one after another, and each
+    one we had to salute in the same ceremonious way...."
+
+    "We had to drink tea when we first went in, and later quite a meal
+    was spread on the round table, cakes, fruits, and tea again. We sat
+    at the table with about three of the principal ladies, and the
+    others looked on. I was a good deal struck with the respectful way
+    the young women treat the older ones, always rising when they enter
+    the room, and remaining standing until they are seated.... We were
+    invited to go and inspect the house, and I was soon quite
+    bewildered at the number of courtyards with rooms all round, which
+    we were led through. I think I was never before in so large a house
+    in China, all one story, but it must cover a great deal of ground.
+    The number of people, too, seemed very great; wives, sons' wives,
+    brothers' wives, children in dozens and scores, servants and slave
+    girls to any number--altogether in that one establishment, one
+    hundred and twenty people."
+
+    "At last we finished our tour of inspection, and arrived again in
+    the inner court; but alas! more refreshments were waiting, a bowl
+    of soup for each of us, with some white stuff inside.... We got
+    through the greater part of the concoction, wiped our mouths with a
+    cloth wrung out in very hot water presented to us by a slave girl,
+    and began to take our leave, bowed to the ladies of the house,
+    begged them to be seated, informed them that we had given them
+    much trouble, but felt grateful for their kindness, and amid
+    repeated requests to 'walk slowly, slowly,' we reached our chairs,
+    alternately calling our thanks, and requests to them to be seated.
+    It is a great thing, going with Mrs. Ahok, for one has a good
+    opportunity of learning many little customs which please them
+    greatly."
+
+    "We then proceeded to another house, where we went through much the
+    same etiquette. We were received by a very pleasant old lady and
+    her daughter-in-law, a nice young woman with four dear little
+    children, three of them boys. The old lady is a widow; her husband
+    when living was a mandarin, and her eldest son is now at Peking,
+    preparing to be a mandarin also. We were obliged to drink tea
+    again, and after some time the old lady invited us into her own
+    bedroom, a very much cleaner room than one sees generally, with
+    white matting on the floor and some good furniture. She was very
+    proud of it, but according to Chinese fashion kept exclaiming that
+    it was such a dirty bad room, that she could hardly ask us into it,
+    but we must excuse it, as it was 'an old woman's room.' We had the
+    concertina brought in again and sang several hymns to which they
+    listened very quietly. One of us read a verse and explained it
+    before singing it, and Mrs. Ahok joined heartily, most bravely
+    acknowledging herself to be a Christian, and telling her friends
+    how happy she was. We then went through the house, and about the
+    middle of the establishment we came on a little enclosure where
+    trees were growing, and a pond of water with a rookery behind it
+    looked quite pretty.... When we left they begged us to come again,
+    and Mrs. Ahok is so pleased with the reception we received that she
+    is anxious, if possible, to arrange for us to go again next week."
+
+Even more formidable than ceremonious social calls in wealthy Chinese
+homes, is the thought of entertaining the aristocracy in one's own home.
+
+    "I want to tell you about our grand feast," one lady writes. "We
+    had been entertained at several houses, and wished to try to get on
+    more friendly terms with some of the rich city ladies. We feared
+    that they would never be willing to come so far, they so seldom
+    leave their houses for anything. However, through our unfailing
+    friend, Mrs. Ahok, we sent invitations asking them to come and dine
+    with us.... Sixteen ladies promised to come. The day before, we had
+    to remind them of the day and hour; but according to Chinese
+    etiquette we only sent our cards, and the messenger explained his
+    errand...."
+
+    "Well, at last the day arrived, and we were busy all the morning
+    making the house look as bright as we could, and getting chairs put
+    about in the verandas and passages. Mrs. Ahok came first, very
+    kindly, and advised us how best to set the tables, etc. She ordered
+    the feast for us, as the Chinese always do, from a shop. So much
+    is paid for a table and everything is provided. Mrs. Ahok lent us
+    all her own pretty things for the table, lovely little silver cups,
+    ornamented silver spoons, red china tea cups with silver stands,
+    and ivory chopsticks mounted with silver; so we were very grand. We
+    had two tables, ten at each. We were twenty in all, counting
+    ourselves."
+
+    "At last they began to arrive, and we were kept busy receiving, and
+    conducting them to their seats in the drawing-room. Tea had to be
+    offered at once, and that was hard to manage as none of our men
+    servants might come into the room; so Tuang had to do it all. I do
+    wish you could have peeped in and seen them all sitting about our
+    drawing-room. To us it was a sight that made our hearts dance for
+    joy--and it was a pretty sight too. Some dresses were quite lovely,
+    all the colours of the rainbow, and beautifully embroidered...."
+
+    "Next on the programme came what the Chinese call '_Tieng sieng_,'
+    fruit and cakes; and during the interval they wandered all over the
+    house examining everything, and we moved about, talking first to
+    one and then to another. Several little things much encouraged
+    us--their friendly, pleasant manner and evident pleasure, and the
+    earnest way in which they pressed us to go again to visit them. One
+    old lady, of a rich mandarin family, said to me in a confidential
+    way, behind her fan: 'Come and see me some day when you have plenty
+    of time, and tell me all about the doctrine, slowly, slowly. I
+    would like to understand about it.'"
+
+    "At last the feast was announced, and then came the critical
+    point--seating them at table. One table is supposed to be high, the
+    other low, in point of honour, and at each table the seats are all
+    in order (one, two, three, four, etc.), and it is a mortal offence
+    to give a low seat to one who should be placed high. Mrs. Ahok came
+    to our aid again and pointed out each lady according to her rank
+    and Miss ---- escorted her to her place. We ourselves had, of
+    course, to take the lowest places."
+
+    "Mrs. Ahok then asked a blessing and we began. The principal dish
+    is placed in the centre of the table and the hostess with her own
+    chopsticks helps the guests, all the time urging them to eat, and
+    apologizing for the food, saying she is sorry she has nothing fit
+    for them to eat. Mrs. Ahok did the chief part of these duties for
+    us, and we tried to watch her and do as she did. About two hours we
+    sat at the table, and at last, when we were nearly exhausted,
+    bowls of hot water were brought in, and a cloth wrung out was
+    handed to each person to wash her mouth and hands. The effect on
+    these powdered and painted faces was very funny, but Mrs. Ahok had
+    prepared us for this emergency also, and had sent over her own
+    dressing box--such a beautiful large one--fitted up with everything
+    they could need, powders, paints, and all complete. The ladies were
+    quite charmed and delighted to find such a thing in a foreign
+    house, and adjourned upstairs with great delight to beautify
+    themselves. We heard them telling each other that it was just as
+    if they had been at home...."
+
+    "At length they said they must go, and we had great leave-taking,
+    bowing and scraping, and thanks, and apologies for having troubled
+    us so much, and assurances on our part that it was all pleasure;
+    and finally off they went, and we sat down to cool ourselves, and
+    drink tea, and chat with Mrs. Ahok. She was very glad and thankful
+    that all went off so well, but quite tired after her exertions, and
+    sat holding her poor little bound feet in her hands, saying they
+    did ache so."
+
+
+
+
+III
+
+A JOURNEY TO ENGLAND
+
+
+One day when Mrs. Ahok went to call on one of her English friends, Miss
+Bradshaw, she was startled to find that the physician had ordered her to
+leave for England on the next steamer, sailing three days later. "I wish
+you could go with me, Mrs. Ahok," Miss Bradshaw said, when she had told her
+of the physician's decision. This was a very remarkable suggestion to make
+to this little Chinese woman, whose life had been such a secluded one that
+a few years before she would not even accept an invitation to dinner with
+the Baldwins, since there were to be foreign gentlemen present. Only a
+short time before, when the Baldwins were returning to America and Mrs.
+Ahok had gone with them, on her husband's launch, to the steamer anchorage,
+twelve miles away, they had considered it a great honour, since this
+Chinese friend had never been so far from home before. But Mrs. Ahok's
+response was even more remarkable than Miss Bradshaw's proposition; for in
+three days her little Chinese trunks packed and ticketed, "Dublin,
+Ireland." Mr. Ahok had heartily consented to his wife's going; and she,
+unwilling to have her sick friend take the long journey alone, and mindful
+of the service she might perform for her people in England, by telling of
+their need and pleading for workers, quickly decided to go.
+
+A letter from a friend who was with her the day she sailed shows the spirit
+with which she took this remarkable step: "I was impressed with two things;
+her implicit confidence in her missionary friend, and her sweet, innocent
+trust in the love and care of her Heavenly Father. She was leaving an
+elegant home and a large household, and in giving last advice to servants
+and children her voice was clear and joyous, but I noticed that she often
+furtively wiped the tears off her cheeks. In her good-bye to her dearly
+loved aged mother, whose grief was inconsolable, she said: 'Don't grieve,
+don't worry, just pray and God will take care of me and I will come back.
+Then we will sit here together and I will have so many things to tell you.'
+Again and again she said to her children, 'Study your lessons diligently
+and pray night and morning.'"
+
+Mrs. Ahok sailed from Foochow the 26th of January, 1890. At Hong Kong she
+was told, "There are a hundred miseries ahead of you," but she answered
+unflinchingly, "If there were a thousand more I would go." From Singapore
+she wrote to her husband:
+
+    "Yesterday we arrived here at twelve o'clock. Diong Chio (her
+    servant, who accompanied her) wishes very much to go back to
+    Foochow. But I think now I have come so far on the way, I wish very
+    much to obey God's will and go on to England.... Yesterday we drove
+    in a horse carriage to see Mrs. Cooke. We saw Mrs. Ting's relatives
+    in the school.... It is very hot here, like Foochow in the sixth
+    moon. I wish you very much to take care of yourself and take care
+    of the children, and do not let them play too much.... I send
+    _chang angs_ (greetings) to the Christian brothers and sisters, so
+    many I cannot name them all, but greet them all. Please sometimes
+    comfort my mother's heart and cheer her that she may be happy in
+    trusting in God all the time. Write to me in Chinese characters,
+    and I can then read it myself; or sometimes, if more convenient, in
+    English, and Miss Bradshaw will read it to me."
+
+A letter from Penang, written two days later, reads:
+
+    "Leaving Singapore, a Chinese lady and gentleman came on board our
+    boat to come to their home here in Penang. I saw the lady was very
+    sad ... so I talked with them, and found they knew your friend in
+    Singapore. I spoke to them of God and the Christian doctrine, and
+    they were very glad to hear. When we arrived here they invited me
+    to their house to breakfast, which was quite a feast. Their house
+    is very beautiful, four stories high. They afterward took me to
+    call on some friends, and then brought me back to the boat on
+    time."
+
+At Colombo she and Miss Bradshaw were met by Miss Bradshaw's sister and
+brother-in-law, whose home was in that city. Mrs. Ahok wrote from there:
+
+    "We are staying two days and two nights, until our boat starts for
+    England.... In the evening when it was cool our friends took us to
+    drive, and to call on some Christian people. We saw carriages and
+    horses, so many, running _so_ fast; and the roads and streets are
+    _so_ wide many carriages can go together on them. We passed many
+    black people; nearly all the people are black. We saw many women
+    and girls with their ears full and covered with ear-rings, and some
+    in their noses too, and some _men_ also wear ear-rings. I see the
+    black people, I think how wonderful God's love must be, to give His
+    Son to die for _all the world_, these black people as well as for
+    us. The friends here said they were glad I was going to England to
+    tell the people there about the heathen. They promised all to pray
+    for me, and I want you also to pray that I may fulfil God's will,
+    and do much for God's kingdom in England, and then come back
+    quickly home."
+
+    "It is very hot here, but the evenings and early mornings are cool.
+    Every one goes out to work, or walk, or drive, from daybreak until
+    the sun is hot, and breakfast at ten o'clock. I want to know, when
+    you write, what Heli is doing; and now I am away from home you will
+    take great care of all the children. Please _chang ang_ all friends
+    and relatives, and Dr. and Mrs. Sites, and take great care of
+    yourself, that when I return I may find all well. Tell me how the
+    boys are, and don't allow Jimmy to climb the trees. Comfort my
+    mother and tell her all I have written."
+
+Mrs. Ahok was the second Chinese lady of rank to visit England, the first
+one being the wife of the Chinese ambassador. She was the first Christian
+Chinese woman England had ever known, and everywhere excited much interest
+and won warm friends. _The Christian_ of London gives an account of a
+meeting held in the Parochial Hall at Clontarf near Dublin, at which the
+chairman proposed the following resolution:
+
+    "This meeting having assembled to welcome Miss Bradshaw on her
+    return from China; and having learned the extraordinary friendship,
+    tenderness, and devotedness of her Chinese friend, the Honourable
+    Lady of Diong Ahok, mandarin of Foochow, who had at a few hours'
+    notice decided to break through national customs and leave her home
+    and family, rather than allow Miss Bradshaw to undertake the
+    journey alone; hereby records its unbounded admiration of such
+    Christian sympathy, and brave and generous conduct; and they trust
+    that her own and her husband's desire that her visit may excite
+    fresh Christian workers to go to China, may be abundantly
+    fulfilled."
+
+The report of the meeting goes on to say:
+
+    "This resolution being carried, Miss Bradshaw intimated to Lady
+    Ahok the purport of what had taken place, and asked her to say a
+    few words of acknowledgment. Accordingly, with the greatest
+    simplicity and self-possession she said (each word of her sentences
+    being translated by Miss Bradshaw) that she was very glad to meet
+    them all, and was very thankful to have been brought to England;
+    that her faith in God had enabled her to come."
+
+The Tenth Annual meeting of the Church of England Zenana Society was held
+in Princes Hall, London, during Mrs. Ahok's visit to England, and she was
+one of the principal speakers. In spite of heavy and incessant rain the
+audience began to assemble before the doors were open. Numbers stood
+throughout, and many more failed to gain admission. Standing quietly before
+the large audience, Mrs. Ahok gave her message so effectively that when
+she sat down, the chairman, Sir Charles N. Aitchison, exclaimed: "Did you
+ever hear a more simple, more touching appeal under such circumstances? I
+never did."
+
+Stating the purpose of her visit to England Mrs. Ahok said:
+
+    "I have come from China--from Foochow--and come to England for what
+    business and what purpose? The road here was _very_ difficult,
+    sitting in a boat for so long! Very tiresome it was, to be on the
+    rough sea, with wind and waves for the first time! My servant Diong
+    Chio and I have come here. We are strangers! We raise our eyes and
+    look on people's faces, but we can see no one we know--no relative,
+    no one like ourselves--all truly strange! I left my little boy, my
+    husband, my mother--all this: for what purpose, do you think? It is
+    only entirely for the sake of Christ's Gospel that I have come."
+
+    "It is not for the sake of seeing a new place and new people, or
+    any beautiful thing; we have in China quite close to us new
+    places--beautiful places. I have never seen _them_ yet; so why
+    should I come so far to see other places? They may be very good to
+    see, but not for this could I leave my household and people. I
+    cannot speak your words, I do not know any one, and your food is
+    quite different from ours: nothing is at all the same as that to
+    which I am accustomed...."
+
+    "... It was God's Holy Spirit that led me to come. He wanted me to
+    do what? Not to amuse _myself_, but to ask and invite _you_ to come
+    to China to tell the doctrine of Christ. How could you know the
+    needs of China without hearing them? How could you hear unless I
+    came to tell you? Now you can know, for I say the harvest in China
+    is _very_ great, but the labourers are _so_ few. Now my great
+    desire is that the Gospel of Christ may be known on earth as it is
+    in heaven. It is not yet known in China, and because the great
+    houses have not yet heard the Gospel, all their money is spent on
+    the idols, sacrifices, and burning incense."
+
+    "In this country _some_ help to spread the Gospel, some go to other
+    countries to tell those who have never heard, but some (a great
+    many) are not helping in any way: though they have all heard
+    themselves, they are living here only to obey their own wills, for
+    their own pleasure in this world! How pitiable! We all know the
+    Gospel of Christ; let us then not follow the heathen (who have
+    never heard) in caring for the things of this world. The Bible
+    says, 'If a man receives all the riches of this world, and loses
+    his own soul' (and the souls of many others), 'what can it profit
+    him?'..."
+
+    "I am only here for a very little, then I must go back to Foochow,
+    where there are so many large houses full of ladies; the workers
+    are so very few now. At this time only one _ku-niong_ is there to
+    visit all the great city houses. She is not enough to visit so
+    many; and it is said that in these mandarin houses their ears have
+    never yet heard the doctrine.... Now I pray God to cause, whether
+    _ku-niongs_ (unmarried ladies) or _sing-sang-niongs_ (married
+    ladies), _quickly_ to go and enter these houses with the Gospel.
+    Now I ask you, raise up hot hearts in yourselves and quickly help
+    us."
+
+    "First. Will you come back to China with me?"
+
+    "Second. If _you_ cannot, will you cause others to come, by sending
+    them and doing what you can to help them to come?"
+
+Mrs. Ahok had planned for a six months' visit in England, but word came
+that her husband was ill, and she left in July, after a stay of a little
+less than four months, during which she had addressed large audiences in
+approximately one hundred meetings in England and Ireland. The impression
+she had made there may be gathered from a paragraph which appeared in
+_India's Women and China's Daughters_, after she had left:
+
+    "Those who saw Mrs. Ahok's earnest face, and listened to some of
+    the most simple and heart-stirring words ever heard on an English
+    platform, will recall the impression her plea for her countrywomen
+    then made.... If God should open the way for Mrs. Ahok again to
+    visit England, she will be welcomed as one who brought home the
+    reality of missions to many a conscience in England, and revived
+    the flagging spirits to zeal for the Lord of Hosts!"
+
+Mrs. Ahok went home by way of Canada, accompanied by Miss Mead, one of the
+new workers for whom she had been pleading. She did not realize how
+seriously ill her husband was, for he had written cheerfully: "Tell Mrs.
+Ahok that I have been a little ill for some weeks and that now I am staying
+at the Ato house. I find it very restful staying quietly at the old
+home.... Tell Mrs. Ahok, please, not to worry at all about me." On saying
+good-bye to friends in England Mrs. Ahok told them that she hoped to come
+again, and that the next time it would be with her husband. She was thus
+spared the keen anxiety throughout the long journey which she must have
+suffered, had she realized her husband's condition. She wrote back to Miss
+Bradshaw from Montreal, telling of her safe arrival and expressing her
+gratitude that although she and her maid had both suffered severely from
+sea-sickness, they had been well taken care of by "a woman who was a
+worshipper of God." At Vancouver she had to wait some days for her steamer,
+and she wrote from there on July 26:
+
+    "All well, all peace. From the time I left England a month has
+    passed away. I keep thinking constantly of the meetings in England
+    which we had together. Now we are in this place waiting for the
+    ship and therefore we had this very good opportunity for work. I
+    have been invited by the minister of the church here to speak at
+    meetings. I have done so six times. Because this is a new place,
+    and there are men and women who do not at all believe the Gospel,
+    but who like to hear about Chinese ways and customs, therefore they
+    all greatly wish me to go to these meetings. I think this is also
+    God's leading for us, that we could not proceed on our journey, but
+    must spend this time here.... To-day is Saturday; this afternoon at
+    half-past three we are to have another meeting; to-morrow we go on
+    board ship to return to China.... When you have an opportunity,
+    give my greetings to all my Christian friends."
+
+After Mrs. Ahok was back in China, she had a letter from the minister of
+the Methodist church in Vancouver telling her that three new missionary
+societies had been formed as a result of her few days' stay. He added,
+"Your stay here has been an inspiration to us; the fortnight has been one
+of blessing to us all."
+
+
+
+
+IV
+
+PATIENT IN TRIBULATION
+
+
+The long anticipated home-coming was a very sad one. During the hot summer
+months Mr. Ahok had grown steadily weaker, and he died almost three months
+before his wife reached Foochow. It was a great comfort to those who had
+been instrumental in arranging for Mrs. Ahok's trip to England to remember
+how fully her husband had approved of the plan. Miss Bradshaw said: "I
+shall never forget the bright way in which Mr. Ahok faced all the dangers
+and difficulties of the journey on which he was sending Mrs. Ahok. As he
+said good-bye at the anchorage, he said he did it gladly, for the sake of
+getting more workers for China." Not even when sick and suffering did he
+regret having let his wife go, although he missed her greatly. He wrote
+Miss Bradshaw, during his illness, "I realize how great God's grace is, in
+allowing Mrs. Ahok to visit England, and I am so thankful to all the
+Christian friends who have helped her and been kind to her."
+
+Mrs. Ahok's brother, her nephew, and Dr. Sites, who had long been a friend
+of hers and of Mr. Ahok's, met her with a houseboat at the steamer
+anchorage; and during the twelve-mile ride up the river, the sad news was
+told. The shock almost stunned Mrs. Ahok at first, but with realization
+came heart-rending grief. Miss Mead, the young missionary who had come from
+England with her, wrote soon after their arrival: "Yesterday afternoon I
+went with three of the ladies to see her. The expression on her face was
+altered and according to Chinese custom she was very shabbily dressed. Her
+jewels were taken off. She keeps saying, 'If I could only see him once more
+and tell him all I have done in England!'"
+
+Added to her grief for her husband, Mrs. Ahok had to bear the taunts and
+reproaches of her non-Christian relatives, who told her that all this
+trouble had come as a just punishment of the gods, because she had forsaken
+the religion of her ancestors, and violated the customs of her country in
+leaving it for so many months to visit a foreign land. Not only this, but
+taking advantage of her refusal to perform certain rites of non-Christian
+worship which are a part of the legal ceremony connected with the
+inheritance of property, they seized Mr. Ahok's estate, and the dainty
+little woman who had always been accustomed to every comfort, and even
+luxury, was left with little but the house in which she lived. Moreover a
+fresh sorrow followed close upon the first one, as her mother lived only a
+short time after her return.
+
+But in spite of these heavy burdens, the rare courage which had so often
+been evidenced before, soon began to reassert itself. Miss Mead was soon
+able to write: "Mrs. Ahok spoke a little at the Bible-women's meeting on
+Tuesday, and for the first time came here afterward and had a cup of tea,
+and saw my room. She is brighter, and I am glad to tell you that she was
+able to say that the peace of God was still hers. Jimmy Ahok (her little
+son) was present at Miss Davis' wedding." Nor was Mrs. Ahok too absorbed in
+her grief to remember her friend in her happiness, for little Jimmy carried
+with him a beautiful bunch of flowers for the bride.
+
+As soon as the news of Mr. Ahok's death reached England, a letter of
+sympathy signed by nearly five hundred of Mrs. Ahok's friends in England
+was sent to her. Its closing paragraph must have brought her comfort in the
+knowledge that her journey had not been made in vain:
+
+    "We bless God for your coming to England. We have learned to know
+    and love you. Your words are not forgotten. The seed God enabled
+    you to sow is already bearing some fruit, and will, we believe,
+    bring forth much more. One sister has gone with you; we send this
+    by the hands of three more. We know others who were led by your
+    words to offer themselves for Christ's work in China. Two of them
+    are now being trained for the mission field. This will cheer your
+    heart."
+
+To this, Mrs. Ahok replied:
+
+    "I thank you all very much for your sympathy, and for sending such
+    good words to comfort me. I rejoiced greatly to hear your words.
+    When I was in England I was a great trouble to you, and I must
+    thank you for all your kindness to me then...."
+
+    "After leaving England I reached Foochow at the end of the seventh
+    moon, and then heard that my beloved husband had left this world
+    and been called home by God to His kingdom in heaven. At that time
+    I was very sad and distressed, and my distress was the greater
+    because I had no one to carry on our business. Being anxious about
+    money matters, therefore, these many days, I have failed to reply
+    to your letter and to send you my salutations, and thank you all
+    for your great love."
+
+    "Now because I cannot carry on trade myself, therefore I have
+    determined to close our business and pay all debts; and the British
+    consul has kindly acted for me in this matter. My hope is that God
+    will enable me to sell this house in which I am living, and then I
+    shall have a competency. It is because I fear that I shall not have
+    enough to feed, clothe, and educate my children that I wish to sell
+    this house. As soon as I have done this I think I shall be able,
+    with the missionary ladies, to visit the houses of the gentry, and
+    have worship with the Chinese ladies, and exhort them all to
+    embrace Christianity. Thus I shall be doing the Lord's work. I
+    trust you will all pray for me, and trust that in some future time
+    an opportunity may be given me of again visiting England and
+    America to work for the Lord. This is the true desire of my heart."
+
+    "At this time I seem to have no heart to write, but I send this
+    letter to you to express my thanks. Another day I may write again.
+    My two little children send their greeting, and I add my own. After
+    my return home an additional trouble came upon me because my mother
+    was called home to God. But so far as she is concerned death must
+    be reckoned happiness. She with my husband, earlier than myself,
+    are enjoying the eternal bliss of heaven. I will thank you to give
+    my salutations to all the sisters and ministers whom I know."
+
+Mrs. Ahok soon began again the work among the upper class women which had
+been her great joy, heartily co-operating with both American and English
+missionaries in their efforts for these women. Miss Ruth Sites, of the
+American Methodist Mission, was very eager to do something for the young
+girls of this class, and Mrs. Ahok gladly lent her influence, with such
+effect that Miss Sites was enabled to start a small school. Here a good
+education was given to the daughters of the official class, and
+Christianity was so taught and lived that by the end of the second year all
+but two of the pupils were Christians. Miss Sites wrote also of the help
+that Mrs. Ahok gave in taking her to call in the homes which it would
+otherwise have been impossible for her to reach.
+
+The Church of England Mission had for some years maintained a school for
+the daughters of the Chinese Christians in Foochow; but a few years after
+Mrs. Ahok's return from England they began to feel the urgent need of
+another school, where girls from non-Christian families could be educated.
+When Mrs. Ahok's advice was asked, she heartily approved of the plan and
+advised that it be attempted, offering to rent her home to the Mission for
+a school building, and promising also to help in the teaching. Moreover she
+was invaluable in interesting her non-Christian friends in the school, and
+it rapidly grew from four to forty-five, with such prospects of future
+prosperity that the house next door to Mrs. Ahok's was also rented, and a
+new dormitory and dining-room were built.
+
+Girls brought up in non-Christian homes are of course very different from
+the daughters of Christian parents, and Mrs. Ahok warned the missionaries
+at the outset that they would be very difficult to manage, and herself drew
+up the school rules. Her services were of the greatest value, both in this
+school and in the School for High Class Girls established by the Church of
+England Zenana Society a few years later, of which she was made the matron.
+"She makes the girls love her, and her influence over them is good," wrote
+one of the teachers. "A fortnight ago some money was stolen out of a
+drawer. I was very sad about it, and the girls were urged to confess, but
+until yesterday no one spoke. Yesterday Amy told Mrs. Ahok that she had
+taken it and asked her to tell me." Again she wrote: "Mrs. Ahok makes a
+very good matron of the school, and an excellent hostess to the many
+visitors who come to see the school. Whenever an opening is given Mrs. Ahok
+and I return the call, and usually get good opportunities of delivering the
+message."
+
+Testimony is also borne to Mrs. Ahok's effective work among the mothers of
+the pupils of the school. One of her great joys is a weekly meeting in
+that wing of the Church Missionary Society's hospital which was erected in
+memory of her husband, and set aside for the use of women patients.
+
+Throughout her life of whole-hearted service for the women and girls of her
+country, Mrs. Ahok has been a most devoted mother to her adopted son,
+Charlie, and her own child, who was always known as Jimmy. The latter
+inherited his mother's quick mind, and made such a good record at the
+college which his father's generous gift had founded many years before,
+that after his graduation he was asked to return as one of the faculty. The
+beauty of his life was the crowning tribute to his mother. At a meeting
+held in Foochow, an American, who had recently come there as an insurance
+agent, told how much impressed he had been by a young Chinese to whom he
+had been talking, and added that if the Christian schools turned out young
+men like that, he thought the work was indeed worth while. The young man
+was Jimmy Ahok.
+
+In the summer of 1904 the young man's wife was very ill, and through the
+hot summer weeks he cared for her night and day with such devotion that his
+own health gave out. It was some time before he would admit that he was
+ill; but he was finally forced to succumb to a severe attack of pneumonia,
+which ended his life within a very few days. His only anxiety seemed to be
+that he had not done enough work for his non-Christian neighbours. "I have
+not tried enough to influence the neighbours," he told his mother. "When I
+get well I will have a service for them and teach them to worship God." His
+death was a great blow to his mother, but her work has again been her
+solace.
+
+One of her friends wrote to England, at the time of her son's death, that
+the thought that her friends in England would be praying for her was one of
+the greatest sources of comfort to Mrs. Ahok. In the midst of her busy life
+in China she has never forgotten England nor her friends there. Some years
+after her return to China, she sent her greetings to her English friends by
+one of the returning missionaries, and bade her ask them: "Have you done,
+and are you doing, all you resolved to do for my sisters in China? So many
+missionaries have been called home, there can be no lack of _knowledge_ now
+as to the needs of the heathen. With so many to witness to them, how great
+is the increase of _responsibility_ to Christians at home."
+
+She wrote to the women of the Church of England Zenana Society: "You
+rejoiced to help many ladies to come to Foochow to act as light-bearers
+and induce those who were sitting in darkness to cast away the false and
+embrace the true, and to put away all the wicked and evil customs. The work
+which these ladies are doing is of great value and has helped many. They
+have preached the gospel in all the region; they have tended the sick in
+the Mission hospitals; they have opened schools for women and girls in
+several places, and in my own house. In my own house there are now
+thirty-nine scholars, some of whom have unbound their feet; and some have
+been baptized. I myself every week teach in this school, and I also go to
+the hospital and talk to the sick people. I trust that this seed so widely
+sown will presently bear fruit, some thirty, some sixty, some a hundred
+fold. You will remember that when I was in England I told you of the state
+of things in China; and I hope you will not forget my words but will do
+your utmost to help China, that God's promised reward may hereafter be
+yours."
+
+Mrs. Ahok is daily giving herself, in whole-hearted service, to her
+countrywomen. A fellow-worker has recently written of her:
+
+    "She is winning her way into the hearts of the people in the Manchu
+    settlement. Always bright and cheerful, and ready to tell the
+    Story, she is welcomed wherever she goes. When I think of her past
+    life of ease as the daughter, and later the wife, of an official, I
+    marvel at her spirit of consecration. Quietly she goes from house
+    to house in search of those who are willing to listen. Miles she
+    has walked over the hot stone pavements. 'If my people will only
+    believe in Christ, I shall be well repaid,' she says."
+
+A true Christian woman, whose courage has flinched at no sacrifice, who has
+borne the loss of husband, mother, son, and property, and the reproaches of
+non-Christian relatives, with a peace and a faith unshakeable and
+convincing, Mrs. Ahok is accomplishing much by what she does, doubtless
+even more by what she is.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DR. IDA KAHN
+
+  I. CHILDHOOD IN THREE COUNTRIES
+
+ II. AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
+
+III. SEVEN YEARS IN KIUKIANG
+
+ IV. PIONEER WORK IN NANCHANG
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: Dr. Ida Kahn]
+
+
+
+
+DR. IDA KAHN
+
+I
+
+CHILDHOOD IN THREE COUNTRIES
+
+
+By the time little Ida Kahn first opened her eyes in Kiukiang, China,
+little girls had become a drug on the market in her family. Her parents had
+long been eager for a son, but each of the five babies who had come was a
+daughter, and now this sixth one was a little girl, too. According to
+Chinese custom, they called in the old blind fortune-teller to declare her
+fate and give advice concerning her future. His verdict was discouraging
+for he told them that she must be killed or given away to another family,
+since as long as she remained in the home the long-desired son would never
+come to them. The parents were not willing to end the little life, so they
+determined to engage the baby to a little boy in a neighbouring family, and
+give her to the family of her betrothed to bring up. But when they called
+the fortune-teller again to ask his judgment on the proposed betrothal, he
+declared that the little girl had been born under the dog star, the boy
+under the cat star, and therefore the betrothal was not to be thought of.
+The family's perplexity as to what to do with this superfluous little
+daughter became known to the neighbours, and one of them, who was teaching
+Chinese to Miss Howe and Miss Hoag of the Methodist Mission, told them
+about it. That very afternoon they took their sedan chairs and went and got
+the baby. Thus, when only two months old, Ida was adopted by Miss Howe,
+whom she always calls "my mother," and of whom she says, "There is no one
+like her in the world."
+
+The same year that little Ida was born, Miss Howe and Miss Hoag had
+succeeded in starting a school for girls in Kiukiang, the first girls'
+school in that part of China. In this school, as soon as she was old
+enough, Ida began to study. When she was nine years old Miss Howe went to
+America and took the little girl with her. They were in San Francisco at
+this time, and there Ida attended a mission school for the Chinese girls of
+the city. As most of the other pupils belonged to Cantonese families, and
+spoke a Chinese dialect very different from that of Kiukiang, she did not
+learn very much at school; but her stay in America, at the age when it is
+so easy for children to acquire languages, helped her very much in
+learning English. On her way back to China Miss Howe stayed in Japan for
+several months, and there again Ida attended school.
+
+On returning to China, Miss Howe was asked to work in a newly opened
+station of the Methodist Mission at Chung King, a city of western China,
+located on the Yangtse River many miles above Kiukiang, and many days'
+journey into the interior. During their stay there, Ida continued her
+studies, tutored by Miss Howe and Miss Wheeler, of the same mission. The
+stay in Chung King lasted only two years, for in 1886 the mission compound
+was completely destroyed by a mob, and the missionaries had to flee for
+their lives. For two weeks Ida, with some other Chinese girls, was in
+hiding in the home of a friendly carpenter, while the missionaries were
+hidden in the governor's yamen. At the end of that time they all succeeded
+in making their escape from the city, and the little girl, who had already
+had so many more experiences in her short life than the average Chinese
+woman has in threescore years and ten, had the new adventure of a trip of
+several days through the gorges of the Yangtse River. The river is always
+dangerous at this point because of the swift rapids, but was so unusually
+so at that season, when the summer floods were beginning, that only
+extraordinary pressure would have induced any one to venture on it. The
+trip to the coast was made in safety, however, and after another stay of a
+few months in Japan, Miss Howe and her charge went back to Kiukiang, and
+Ida again entered the school there.
+
+Miss Howe was desirous that the people in America who were interested in
+the Kiukiang school should be kept informed of its progress; but with her
+many duties it was difficult for her to find time for frequent letters, so
+she sometimes asked Ida to write for her. Extracts from one of these
+letters, written when Ida was fifteen, and sent with no revision at all,
+show something of this little Chinese girl's acquaintance with English:
+
+    "DEAR MRS. ----:"
+
+    "We have at present twenty-four scholars and four babies. We are
+    not many in numbers, but we hope that we may not prove the works of
+    missionaries in vain. The rules of this school are different from
+    others, since only girls of Christian families are allowed to
+    study. Girls of non-Christian families are allowed to study if they
+    are willing to pay their board. They also furnish their own
+    clothes. For these reasons our school contains girls from many
+    places since Christian girls are few.... In Kiukiang only one
+    Christian family have their girls at this school. The pastor of the
+    church over the river sends his eldest daughter. She has been my
+    companion from babyhood, and we were only separated when she went
+    to Chin Kiang and I to Chung King. She and her sisters never had
+    their feet bound. She is the first girl in Kiukiang who never bound
+    her feet. Her name is Mary Stone. She and I study together both in
+    English and Chinese."
+
+    "Her mother came a few weeks ago and stayed with us one week. One
+    day Mary and I went with her to visit the homes of missionaries;
+    when we came back Mrs. Stone suggested that we should go and see
+    her uncle. Mary and I hesitated a little; for we were not used to
+    visiting Chinese homes, especially after New Year when people are
+    very ceremonious. When we arrived at the home we found that they
+    had a New Year's party there, although it was the second month. The
+    reason was this; at the time of the New Year Chinese ladies do not
+    step outside their houses till they are invited to a party, and as
+    invitations do not come until nearly the end of the first month it
+    is common to continue to the second month."
+
+    "Mrs. Stone's friends were very glad to see her, for they had not
+    met for a long time. The party consisted of three elderly ladies,
+    besides the hostess, and three young girls besides the young
+    daughter of the house. They were dressed principally in bright
+    blue, green, and red, and were painted to the extreme. The young
+    girls hardly tasted their food, but looked us over from head to
+    foot, especially our feet. The room was hot, and presently one of
+    the girls tittered to another and said, 'Your face is streaked,'
+    meaning that some of her paint was off and showed dark lines;
+    whereupon all the girls declared that they were going to wash their
+    faces. After a while one of the girls came back and said, 'My face
+    is clean now, is it not?' Mrs. Stone told us that they saw we had
+    no paint on and were ashamed of theirs. The girls' only talk was
+    about their jewellry, clothes, and other gossip. Mary and I were
+    very much disappointed, for we hoped to learn some Chinese manners.
+    Mrs. Stone advised me not to wear spectacles, for I attracted many
+    remarks. I told her I was only too glad to draw attention from our
+    feet."
+
+    "We always remember the friends in America who for His sake sent
+    missionaries to help us. Yours affectionately,"
+
+    "IDA KAHN."
+
+
+
+
+II
+
+AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
+
+
+When Miss Howe went to America on furlough in 1892, she took with her five
+young Chinese people, three boys and two girls; the latter, Ida Kahn and
+her friend, Mary Stone. Growing up in China, under singularly sheltered and
+happy conditions, Ida had been greatly impressed with the misery of many of
+her countrywomen, and early formed the purpose of becoming a physician and
+giving her life to the alleviation of their sufferings. Mary Stone had the
+same desire, and Miss Howe, coveting for them a more thorough medical
+education than was then available in China, took them to Ann Arbor to enter
+the medical school of the University of Michigan. Both girls passed the
+entrance examinations successfully, even to the Latin requirements; in fact
+their papers were among the best of all those handed in.
+
+The four years in Ann Arbor were very busy ones. In addition to their
+college work, they did their own housekeeping in a little suite of rooms
+in the home of Mrs. Frost. She says that they excelled many American girls
+at housekeeping, having regular days for house-cleaning, and always keeping
+their reception room in good order to receive their girl friends, of whom
+they had many. Occasionally they even entertained their friends at a little
+Chinese feast. Mrs. Frost recalls that the only flaw in Ida's housekeeping
+was that when the girls stopped in her room, as they often did for a little
+visit on their way home from college, Ida would pick up a book or magazine
+and become so absorbed in it that she would forget all about the domestic
+duties awaiting her.
+
+But in spite of college and housekeeping duties, they were not too busy to
+take part in the Christian work of the church which they attended. Mrs.
+Frost pays them the following tribute: "They were lovely Christian
+characters, ready to respond and assist in any Christian work where their
+services were solicited. While they were in Ann Arbor they assisted me in
+my Sunday afternoon Mission Band work with the small children of our
+church, singing, or offering prayer, or telling interesting stories to the
+little ones. On different occasions they, with the Chinese boys that came
+with Miss Howe at the same time, assisted me in the public entertainments
+given to help swell the funds of the Mission Band and raise enough to
+support an orphan, or for other missionary work. They were very efficient,
+consecrated Christians, very lovable and loving, highly respected by every
+one with whom they came in contact. I have very pleasant memories of our
+little Chinese doctors, and they have a very warm place in my heart and
+affections."
+
+Both the girls won many friends among both students and faculty. Ida was
+elected to the secretaryship of her class in her Junior year. Their record
+for scholarship was so enviable that the assertion was often made, "They
+must either be remarkably clever, or they must have applied themselves with
+unusual devotion." They led their class in their Junior year, and in their
+Senior year were surpassed by only one student. Dr. Breakey, specialist in
+skin troubles, on whose staff they worked during their Senior year, speaks
+warmly of their earnestness and devotion to their work. Another professor
+said at the time of their graduation, "They will be a credit to the
+University of Michigan. The society which provided for their course will
+never regret having done so."
+
+As their study at the University drew to a close, the young physicians
+received many evidences of the appreciation that was felt for the work they
+had done. Before commencement a reception was given them in the Methodist
+church of Ann Arbor, at which each of them received a case of valuable
+surgical instruments. Many other gifts were also showered upon them,--from
+medical cases, cameras, clocks, and bedquilts, to books and dainty
+handkerchiefs.
+
+In order not to attract attention they had adopted American dress during
+their stay in Ann Arbor; but their graduation dresses were sent from China,
+made in Chinese style, of beautiful Chinese silk, with slippers of the same
+material,--Ida's blue, Mary's delicate pink. Seven hundred and forty-five
+students received their diplomas at that commencement, but to none was
+accorded the universal and prolonged applause which broke forth as the two
+young Chinese women stepped on the platform to take their diplomas from
+President Angell's hands. Even the medical faculty applauded heartily, the
+only time that the staff joined in the demonstrations of the audience. One
+who was in the audience says, "Their bearing and dignity made us very proud
+of them." President Angell was much interested in them and said to their
+friends, "Their future career will be watched with every expectation of
+eminent success."
+
+The two months succeeding their graduation were spent in Chicago in
+hospital work, and in the autumn they sailed for China. While they were in
+America an old gentleman said to Ida, "I am glad you are going back to your
+country as a physician. Your people need physicians more than they need
+missionaries." The Chinese reverence for old age was too great to permit
+Ida to contradict him, but turning to her friends she said quietly, "Time
+is short--eternity is long." So it was not only as a physician, but as a
+regularly appointed medical missionary that she returned to China.
+
+
+
+
+III
+
+SEVEN YEARS IN KIUKIANG
+
+
+Quite a little anxiety was felt concerning the reception which the young
+physicians would receive from the Chinese on their return to Kiukiang. A
+foreign-trained Chinese woman physician had never been seen or heard of in
+that section of China, and, scarcely, in all China, since Dr. Hü King Eng,
+of Foochow, was the only other in the Empire at that time. The doctors' own
+friends had long been asking when they were coming back, and when at last
+the time arrived they had their plans all laid for welcoming them. The
+missionaries had some doubts as to the propriety of a public ovation to two
+young women, but the Chinese were so eager for it that they at last
+consented, and from the moment the young doctors left the steamer until
+they arrived at the gate of the mission compound, they were saluted with an
+almost continuous fusillade of fire-crackers. Of course the noise attracted
+curious crowds, and by the time they reached the Bund they were surrounded
+by a host of their townspeople who were eager to get a glimpse of the
+"women doctors." Some of them were heard to say, "Why, these girls are
+receiving more honour than was shown to our commandant when he arrived!" As
+the company slowly proceeded up the Bund, the missionaries were besieged
+with eager questions: "Are they Chinese women?" "Is it true they have been
+studying for four years in a foreign land?" "Can they heal the sick?" "Will
+they live in Kiukiang?" When all these questions were answered in the
+affirmative there was a vigorous nodding of heads, and "_Hao! Hao! Hao!_"
+(Good, good!) was heard on every side. It seemed remarkable that in so
+dense a crowd the universal expression of face and voice indicated only
+favourable interest.
+
+Shortly before the doctors arrived one of the missionaries wrote, "We are
+expecting 'our doctors' back this fall, and after they have several months
+of hospital practice in other mission hospitals in China, we hope to have a
+place ready for them to begin work." The doctors had expected, too, a
+little time for resting, and visiting with the friends whom they had not
+seen for so many years. Moreover it was thought that some time would have
+to elapse before they could gain the confidence of the people sufficiently
+to begin practice. But on the third day after their arrival four patients
+appeared and asked for treatment; on the following day the same four
+returned and six newcomers arrived; and so it went on, until dispensary
+quarters had to be hurriedly rented and regular work begun.
+
+They had been back only about a month when they were sent for one evening
+to visit a woman who was in a very serious condition. On arriving at the
+house they found there the best known native doctor in the city, richly
+dressed in satin and silk, and accompanied by four chair-bearers. He had
+told the woman's family that he could do nothing for her, and after
+welcoming the young women physicians very pleasantly, he took his leave,
+advising the family to put the patient into their hands, saying, "They have
+crossed mountains and seas to study about these matters." The family wanted
+the doctors to guarantee that the woman would live, but they, of course,
+refused to do this, and after some discussion turned to go. But at that the
+older members of the family fell on their knees, and begged them to stay
+and do just whatever they thought best. Their treatment was so successful
+that three days later the grateful family invited them to a feast, after
+which they were wound about with red scarfs by the old grandmother, and
+presented with gifts. The entire family then escorted them home amid the
+explosion of many fire-crackers.
+
+The _China Medical Missionary Journal_ of December, 1896, in commenting
+upon the work of these young women, says: "They have not, up to the present
+time, had to endure the pain of losing a patient, although they have had
+several very serious cases. When that does come, as of course it must,
+there will doubtless be some reaction, and present faith may be changed to
+distrust for a time. But the most hopeful had not dreamed of their
+commencing work without some opposition, and that they actually sought,
+before making any efforts to secure patients, has been a great surprise to
+all. Their early success is doubtless due largely to the fact that they are
+back among their own people as true Chinese, and while they have gained
+much in culture and intellect, love and sympathy for their race have ever
+been present; while the ruling motive in all their efforts has been how
+best to prepare themselves to help their countrywomen. The native women do
+not stand at a distance to admire them, but familiarly take their hands and
+feel their clothing; and while acknowledging their superiority do not
+hesitate to invite them as guests to their humble homes."
+
+Nor was the reputation of the young physicians limited to Kiukiang. At
+about the time of their return, the young emperor, Kwang-hsi, had issued
+edicts to the viceroys of the various provinces, ordering them to search
+out and send to Peking, young men versed in modern affairs, who could act
+as advisers to him. Several of these young men held a meeting in Nanking
+before proceeding to Peking. Two of them had heard of the young doctors
+just returned from America, and, on their way to Nanking, stopped at
+Kiukiang for the purpose of calling on them. The doctors, however, felt it
+wise to adopt a conservative attitude in regard to receiving calls from
+young men, lest their influence with the women with whom they were to work
+should be weakened, did they violate Chinese custom in this matter. Miss
+Howe therefore received the guests in their stead, answered their
+questions, gave them such information as they desired, and presented them
+with the diploma of one of the doctors. They displayed the diploma at the
+meeting at Nanking, where it created much interest. The son of Governor
+Tang of Hupeh, who was at the meeting, spoke for two hours on the
+desirability of educating women, and suppressing the custom of
+foot-binding. Then and there a society was organized in which these men
+pledged themselves to marry their sons only to natural-footed women, and
+their daughters only into families whose girls were allowed to grow up with
+natural feet.
+
+At about this time, also, Chang Chih Tung, one of the most eminent and
+public spirited viceroys of his time, sent a representative to wait upon
+Miss Howe, with the request that she and the young physicians accept
+positions in a school which he wished to establish in Shanghai. His aim was
+to develop a University for women which would train women teachers, and he
+wished also to have a medical department in connection with it.
+Foot-binding concubinage, and slavery were dealt with directly in the
+prospectus; Sunday was to be observed as a holiday; and liberty of
+conscience in the matter of religion was to be allowed. While no religious
+books might be taught in the school, no objections were raised to religious
+work being done privately. When this request was brought to the Women's
+Conference of the Methodist Mission they passed a resolution expressing
+their sympathy with the proposed plan, and advising the acceptance of the
+positions by Miss Howe and one of the doctors, "if in the process of the
+development of the plans they feel it best to do so." Although as the
+plans developed Miss Howe and the doctors finally decided that they could
+be more useful in Kiukiang, the offer shows the interest felt in the work
+of the young physicians, even in the highest official circles.
+
+At the close of the first year, Dr. Kahn reported:
+
+    "With the exception of a month spent at the Nanking Memorial
+    Hospital we have kept up our work steadily ever since our return to
+    Kiukiang. At present we have regular dispensary work, and our Bible
+    woman spends her time faithfully teaching the women. As she is
+    quite an elderly woman, has been very well trained and educated,
+    and above all is an earnest Christian, we are sure that her
+    influence will not be small on those with whom she is brought in
+    contact. Then again, she is a good chaperon to our girls who are
+    preparing to be nurses. There are three girls who have been in the
+    girls' school from five to six years, and now choose to take up
+    nursing as their life work. They assist in the dispensary, help
+    make up the drugs, attend to the hospital patients, and recite two
+    lessons to us every day. Later on we hope to have them assist in
+    our operations and go out with us when we need them."
+
+    "At present we have six patients in the hospital, and although the
+    number may seem small, yet our hospital has been opened scarcely
+    two months, and it is so tiny that it appears quite full. The
+    hospital is merely a Chinese dwelling, heightened and improved by
+    floors and windows."
+
+    "During the year two or three interesting trips have been made by
+    us into the country. The first one was made by Miss Stanton and
+    myself to the capital of the province, to attend the wife of an
+    official. We brought her home with us, and while here undergoing
+    treatment she studied the Bible every day and enjoyed it very much.
+    Later, when she returned home, she recovered completely, and now
+    two of her sons are in our mission school. Her husband gave one
+    hundred dollars for the dispensary and two merit boards or tablets
+    to us, and he said he would help us in raising money for the
+    hospital...."
+
+    "One thing which pleases us very much is that those whom we have
+    treated outside, when they get well almost invariably come and call
+    on us, and even go with us to church."
+
+The following year she wrote:
+
+    "The time has come again for us to give our yearly report and we
+    are very glad to be able to say that the work has advanced in every
+    direction. The year has been a very unhealthy one and fevers have
+    simply flourished, so that our nurses have been kept very busy
+    caring for patients often in a critical condition. During the year
+    we were enabled to make four visits into the country. Miss Stanton
+    has been more free to do evangelistic work and take long trips than
+    previously, and it has been a privilege for one of us doctors to
+    accompany her on the journeys. By taking turns, one of us could
+    always attend to the regular work. People are awakening everywhere,
+    and crowds flock to us to hear the truth and receive medical
+    treatment. Sometimes we dispense medicine to one or two hundred
+    people a day. Our stock of medicine usually gives out, and many
+    people have had to be turned away for lack of drugs. Everywhere
+    they begged us to come and visit them again. At one place a party
+    of women came at night to the boat where Miss Stanton and I were
+    staying, inviting us to go ashore and organize a church. They told
+    us: 'Men can hear preaching sometimes on the street; but we women
+    never have an opportunity to hear anything except when you ladies
+    come to teach us.'"
+
+During that year, the second of their practice, the young physicians were
+able to report 90 patients treated in the hospital, 134 in homes, 3,973 in
+the dispensary, and 1,249 during country trips, making a total of 5,446.
+
+Their third year was also a very prosperous one, not only in their work
+among the poor, but also in the number of calls which they received from
+the class of people who were able to give them ample compensation for their
+services. This money was always turned into the mission treasury by the
+young physicians, who also, for four years, gave their services to the
+Woman's Missionary Society without salary, in return for the four years of
+training which they had received at Ann Arbor. An interesting glimpse of
+the impression they made upon their fellow-workers is given by a letter
+from one of the missionaries written at this time: "None who know our
+beloved doctors, Mary Stone and Ida Kahn, can do otherwise than thank God
+for raising up such efficient and faithful workers. It is difficult to
+think of any desirable quality which these two ladies do not possess. To
+this their growing work gives witness."
+
+Dr. Kahn was honoured in the latter part of the year by being appointed as
+the representative of the women of China to the World's Congress held in
+London, June, 1899.
+
+The hearts of the doctors were gladdened during this year by the prospect
+of a hospital building in which to carry on their work. Early in 1900 Dr.
+Kahn wrote happily to Dr. Danforth, whose gifts had made the building
+possible:
+
+    "Work on the building is going on merrily, and the results are
+    pleasing so far.... As to our work at present, we can truly say
+    that never before has it seemed so encouraging. This being the
+    Chinese New Year month we have usually had scarcely any patients,
+    and at least for a number of days no patients at all; but this year
+    we had no day without patients, and often had thirty, forty, and
+    even over fifty patients a day, which is certainly unprecedented.
+    You cannot imagine how strong a prejudice the average Chinaman has
+    against doing work of any kind too soon after New Year's. Not only
+    is it the only holiday of any duration they have during the year,
+    but it is ill luck to work too early."
+
+    "While standing at the gate on the second day, watching the
+    patients straggling in, I saw one of them brought on a stretcher.
+    It was a pretty little girl who had been badly burned by the
+    upsetting of a foot stove under her wadded garments. As they came
+    up an old woman who carried one corner of the bamboo bed called
+    out, 'Doctor, have you opened your accounts yet?' meaning have you
+    begun work yet. I answered, 'Why, our accounts have never been
+    closed, so we did not need to reopen them!' 'Yes,' she said, 'I
+    know, and I wish you many congratulations for the New Year, and may
+    you have much custom during the year.' Think of what that implies!
+    Then she went on volubly describing what a time they had in getting
+    people to carry the bed, for no money could induce them to come,
+    and finally she and a few boy cousins had to bring her. A few days
+    ago her people came and fired lots of crackers, as well as hung up
+    long strips of red cloth outside our gate, in order to show people
+    that we have accomplished a cure for them and they wish to express
+    their gratitude in public."
+
+A few months later the Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial Hospital was
+completed; but just as they were about to occupy the new building the Boxer
+uprising assumed such serious proportions that all work had to be dropped,
+and the women were forced to leave the city. The doctors accompanied the
+other missionaries to Japan, and remained there for a few months; then came
+back to China and spent a few weeks in Shanghai, until the country had
+quieted down sufficiently to make it safe to return to the interior. The
+weeks in Shanghai were not idle ones, for they found plenty of patients to
+treat during their stay there.
+
+There were many missionaries from various parts of China gathered in
+Shanghai at this time, and the women improved the opportunity thus afforded
+by the presence of so many workers for a conference on the various phases
+of women's work. Dr. Kahn was asked to give an address on Girl Slavery at
+this conference, and made a great impression by her powerful plea for the
+abolition of this wicked practice. Her appeal had added force because she
+was a Chinese woman herself, and this evil custom had come close to her
+life. "She was my best friend in school," she said of one victim, "and her
+mind was as beautiful as her person. We were baptized together and she
+confessed to me that she would like to devote her life to Christian work,
+adding so sadly that she must try first to help her opium-smoking father.
+Where were gone her longings and aspirations when she was sold by him to be
+the concubine of a man sixty years of age! Surely on this eve of China's
+regeneration, we, the more favoured ones, must plead with all our might
+that all these unnatural customs shall be swept away with the last relics
+of our country's barbarism."
+
+[Illustration: A Nurse in Dr. Kahn's Hospital]
+
+The doctors were soon able to recommence work in Kiukiang, and with their
+fine new hospital they worked under far more favourable conditions than
+heretofore. A letter from Dr. Kahn tells of their enjoyment of the new
+building: "It is now a pleasure to see the little crowds of women and
+children sitting comfortably in the easy seats of the dispensary waiting
+room, and to notice how they enjoy the talks of the Bible woman. In former
+years they were always huddled together in a dark room, or else were
+scattered here and there in our front yard, and the Bible woman had great
+difficulty to get them to listen quietly. The new drug room is a
+constant delight. The operating room, too, is our pride, because it is so
+light. The confidence which people had in our work before last year's
+troubles broke out, appears to revive again."
+
+The following summer, Miss Robinson, of Chinkiang, visited the doctors in
+their new quarters. A letter written from their home reads: "We find them
+as skilful in housekeeping as in hospital-keeping, and excelling in the
+happy art of making their guests at home. Such all-round women are a
+priceless boon to their native sisters. I want to have our graduates attend
+the coming annual meeting in Kiukiang, improving this opportunity of
+bringing them in contact with the doctors, who have long since become the
+ideals of our school girls.... Referring to the fear some native Christians
+have shown of sending their girls to a school having manual labour in its
+curriculum, Dr. Ida exclaimed hotly, 'This fear of work is the bane of
+China.' Here are two doctors of exalted privileges, educated abroad,
+honoured alike by native and foreigner, and yet putting their hand to
+cooking and housework of every kind, as the need may be, without a thought
+of being degraded thereby; a glorious object-lesson to accompany the
+teachings of the mission schools."
+
+
+
+
+IV
+
+PIONEER WORK IN NANCHANG
+
+
+In the first year of the young physicians' practice in China, a launch had
+been sent to Kiukiang by one of the high officials of Nanchang, the capital
+of Kiangsi province, with the request that one of the physicians should
+return to Nanchang in it and treat his wife, who was very ill. Dr. Kahn
+went, and brought the woman back to Kiukiang with her. After a few weeks
+under the doctors' care she returned to Nanchang completely recovered, and
+gave such glowing accounts of the benefit she had received that many of the
+wealthy ladies of the city followed her example and went to the Kiukiang
+hospital for treatment.
+
+At that time no American missionary work was being done in Nanchang; but
+the successful treatment of the wife of the official is said to have
+"opened the gates to Protestant missionaries." The Methodist Mission soon
+established a station there, and the work grew rapidly in spite of the fact
+that Nanchang was not an altogether easy place in which to work. As it
+was in the interior and off the highway of travel, little was known of
+foreigners. Moreover, there was a rowdyish element of the population which
+was very hostile to them and everything connected with them, as Dr. Kahn
+had good cause to know. Soon after the work in Nanchang had been begun by
+their mission, she and Miss Stanton made a trip there, the latter to do
+evangelistic work, Dr. Kahn for medical work. Dr. Kahn shall tell the story
+of their experiences:
+
+[Illustration: A Village Crowd]
+
+[Illustration: One of Dr. Kahn's Guests]
+
+    "One afternoon, Miss Stanton and myself went to call on some ladies
+    of the Plymouth Brethren Mission, the only other Christian mission
+    besides our own in the city. The day being warm Miss Stanton had
+    the rain cover of her sedan chair removed. Unfortunately it was a
+    hired chair and there were no side curtains, neither was there an
+    upper curtain in front. When we had gotten fairly started boys
+    began to follow us, and by the time we had reached our destination
+    quite a crowd was with us, and rushed into the compound ahead of
+    us. Once in, we planned to cover the chair; and also waited till
+    dark for our return, hoping that by that time the crowd would have
+    dispersed."
+
+    "However, when we got ready to start, there was a large crowd still
+    clustered around the court and door. They allowed Miss Stanton to
+    get into her chair first and start off, but when I followed, then
+    the fun began. The coolies would take a step or two, then the
+    chair would be pulled almost down. Yelling at them was of no avail.
+    Finally a stone was thrown and one of the windows broken, so I
+    thought it was time to walk. The crowd called out, 'A foreigner! a
+    foreigner!' I was almost ready to cry with vexation, and could not
+    help telling the people that they were cowards and barbarians. One
+    or two of the bystanders now began to take my part, and
+    administered a blow or two to those who seemed to be too
+    obstreperous, telling me at the same time not to be afraid. I
+    started to enter the largest residence near me, but the gatekeeper
+    slammed the door in my face so I went on ahead. One of my volunteer
+    helpers said, 'There is the residence of the official Yang, where
+    you can find shelter.' So he led me into a house where a couple of
+    women were sitting in the great room. Rather abruptly I told them
+    that I was pursued by a crowd, and asked if I could find shelter
+    there until I could send word to my people. My guides also
+    explained that the people took me to be a foreigner. To my surprise
+    the ladies welcomed me cordially, and ordered the doors to be shut
+    on the crowd. Now all my friends will be ashamed to know that I
+    could not repress my tears, but after a good cry I felt relieved.
+    The people in the house urged me not to be afraid. I told them I
+    was not afraid; I was disgusted that my people could be so mean. My
+    hostess related several instances where ladies coming home alone in
+    their chairs had been pulled about, and deplored the fact that
+    there were so many rowdies everywhere."
+
+    "Very soon the church members heard of my trouble and came to
+    escort me home. As we wended our way homeward fresh members joined
+    us till we formed quite a procession with lights flashing
+    everywhere. Indignation was felt by all, so some of the party went
+    back to demand the arrest of the ringleaders. How thankful I was to
+    get back safely to our mission compound. Miss Stanton's chair
+    coolies had assured her that I was following behind, and she
+    thought everything was secure. The church members were at prayer
+    meeting and did not notice my non-arrival. The delay I think must
+    have been providential, for had the members rushed there and found
+    a crowd, I fear more trouble must have resulted."
+
+    "Very soon the husband of a wealthy patient came and offered many
+    apologies for the bad conduct of the people. How do you suppose he
+    found out about the matter? He was returning home from a feast, and
+    seeing so many Methodist lanterns (please do not smile, for the
+    lanterns have 'Methodist Church' written on one side, and 'Gospel
+    Hall' on the other) asked what it meant, and learned of the
+    trouble.... Certainly the devious ways of my own countrymen never
+    struck me so forcibly before. How much we do need the truth to
+    shine in upon us and change us completely."
+
+Yet it was to this city that the Christian physician's heart went out in
+such compassion that, for its sake, she was not only willing, but glad to
+leave her home in Kiukiang, the prosperous work which she had been doing in
+fellowship with her lifelong friend, Dr. Stone, and the beautiful new
+hospital to which she had long looked forward with so much eagerness.
+
+"This old city of Nanchang with about three hundred thousand inhabitants,
+and surrounded by a thickly settled country, has not a single educated
+physician," one of her letters reads. "Do you know what that means? The
+people realize their need and asked us to go and live among them. One of
+the church members offered to give us, free of charge, a piece of land
+situated in a fine part of the city, for either a hospital or a school lot.
+The pastor said he could raise $1,000 among the people if we would only
+begin medical work there. Do you think we ought to refuse that offer, which
+is a wonderful one, because the church has only just been established
+there? 'And when they came to Jesus they besought Him instantly, saying
+that he was worthy for whom He should do this.'"
+
+The people of Nanchang, both Christian and non-Christian, pleaded so
+eagerly for medical work, and promised to do so much toward its support,
+that the missionaries agreed with Dr. Kahn in feeling that a door to great
+opportunity was open before her, which it would be a serious mistake not to
+enter. Accordingly, early in 1903, she responded to what Dr. Stone termed
+"the Macedonian call," and began work in Nanchang.
+
+The Woman's Foreign Missionary Society did not feel able to assume any
+responsibility for the financial support of the medical work in the new
+field, beyond that of the doctor's salary. But Dr. Kahn firmly believed
+that missionary work should be just as nearly self-supporting as possible;
+and since many of the urgent invitations from Nanchang had come from homes
+of wealth, she was very willing to attempt to carry on medical work there
+on a self-supporting basis. In an article on the subject of self-supporting
+medical missionary work, written for the _China Medical Missionary
+Journal_, she gave some of her reasons for believing in self-support, and
+her theories as to how it might be carried out.
+
+    "To the many of us, no doubt, the thought naturally arises that we
+    have enough problems to deal with in our work without having to
+    take up the irksome question of self-support. Yet at the present
+    time, when every strenuous effort is being made to evangelize the
+    world in this generation, any plan which can help forward such a
+    movement at once assumes an aspect of vital importance in our
+    eyes. Let it not be presumed that self-support is to be recommended
+    as possible to every medical missionary. On the contrary, I fear,
+    only by those fortunate enough to be located in large cities could
+    the effort be attempted with any hope of success. Yet in a measure
+    the question concerns every one of us, because in its different
+    phases self-support is sure to be pressed upon all of us with more
+    or less force. Personally, my work was undertaken in Nanchang
+    partly from faith in the principle, partly because there were no
+    funds available to institute medical work on any other basis. My
+    faith in the principle is founded upon the belief that anything of
+    value is more appreciated when something has been asked in exchange
+    for its worth, from those perfectly able to effect the exchange....
+    The ordinary people who seek help from the missionary will retain a
+    higher measure of self-respect, and also suspect less the motives
+    of the benefactor. The rich will appreciate more highly the
+    services received, besides having the added glow of satisfaction in
+    helping forward a worthy charity...."
+
+    "There should be no ironclad rules, however; each case must be
+    counted on its own merits. Generally speaking, it might be well for
+    the physician in charge to state plainly that the very poor are to
+    be treated free of charge and have medicines, and occasionally food
+    supplies, gratis. Those a little better off may help a little in
+    paying for the medicines. The next step above that is to pay
+    partly for the treatment as well; while the highest grade is to pay
+    in proportion to the amount of help received. All this means a good
+    deal of thought on the part of the physician and assistant, but
+    gradually it will become routine work and so demand less labour."
+
+    "Is self-supporting work a missionary work? Assuredly yes; for is
+    not the money thus gained used in giving relief to the poor?... And
+    if all money received goes again into the work, to increase its
+    efficiency, why may it not be counted missionary? Part of it is
+    given as thank-offering by those who are not Christian, and all is
+    given for value received from Christian effort. Our Lord healed
+    diseases without money and without price. If we ask, 'What would
+    Jesus do?' under our existing circumstances, the suggestion comes
+    to my mind that it would be something different in form, but not in
+    principle, from what He did in a different land, under far
+    different circumstances, nineteen hundred and more years ago.
+    Someone says we are to follow Jesus, not to copy Him; and the
+    principal thing, it seems to me, would be always to abide in the
+    Spirit of the Christ, by whatever method we feel constrained to
+    render our little service."
+
+Although the new step was taken so bravely, it was not an easy one. Some
+idea of the courage it required is shown by the doctor's report of her
+first year in Nanchang; "The very thought of making a report causes many
+poignant memories to rush upon us. With what hesitancy and timidity did we
+begin our work in the new field! Knowing our own limitations, it was not
+with a light heart that we began the new year. Yet," she was able to add,
+"as we toiled on, we could but acknowledge that we were wonderfully led
+along 'The Pathway of Faith.'"
+
+Enough money was contributed by the Nanchang people to enable Dr. Kahn to
+rent a house in the centre of the city, in which dispensary work could be
+carried on, and in which she lived. They also supplied her with a small
+stock of drugs with which to begin work, and she treated something over two
+thousand patients during the first eight months. The number seemed small
+after the work to which she had been accustomed in Kiukiang; but she was
+becoming known in the city, and in addition to her patients several of the
+women of the city had called on her in a purely social way, many of them
+educated women of the official class. Dr. Kahn says of them:
+
+    "As the wives and daughters of expectant officials they are
+    representative of the better class of the whole country, for they
+    are assembled from every province. It is pleasing to note that
+    dignity and modesty are often combined with real accomplishment
+    among them. It is amongst these that there is a marked eagerness to
+    learn something better. They talk about their country incessantly,
+    and deplore with real sincerity her present condition, of which
+    many of them have a fairly good knowledge. To these we tell over
+    and over again that the only hope of China's regeneration is in her
+    becoming a Christian nation, and that only the love of Christ can
+    bring out the best qualities of any people...."
+
+As to the financial side of the work, Dr. Kahn reported: "The outlook is
+most promising. During the eight months I have received over $700 from the
+work, and as much more has been subscribed."
+
+During the succeeding two years the work developed steadily. The number of
+patients treated at the close of 1905 was almost three times the number
+reported in 1903, and Dr. Kahn wrote, "We have tried to check the number of
+patients, simply because we did not feel financially able to treat so
+many." The rent which she had been obliged to pay for her building in the
+city had been a heavy burden financially. Great was her delight therefore
+to be able to report, at the end of this year, a new $2,000 building for
+dispensary purposes, the money for which had been secured partly from fees,
+partly from subscriptions. "With the incubus of a heavy rent off our
+shoulders we may be able to relieve more patients, as we would wish," she
+wrote.
+
+The dispensary building was not the sole cause for rejoicing that year; for
+in addition to it a fine, centrally located piece of land, worth $3,600,
+was given for a hospital site. "All the assistance received has been from
+the gentry and not the officials, and therefore it really represents the
+people and we feel much encouraged by the fact," reads Dr. Kahn's report.
+The gentry wanted to make over the deeds of the property to the doctor.
+This, however, she would not permit, but insisted that they be made in the
+name of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Church,
+assuring the donors that the work would then be on a permanent basis, as it
+could not be if the deeds were made out in her name.
+
+It would not have been just cause for discouragement had the work dropped
+off the next year; for a dispute between some French Catholic priests and
+the Nanchang magistrates led to such serious disturbances and bloodshed
+that the missionaries were obliged to flee for their lives. Dr. Kahn
+refused to leave her work until the last possible moment, and returned just
+as soon as it was at all safe to do so. At the end of the year she was able
+to report that although it had been necessary to close the dispensary for
+three months, fully as many patients had been treated in the nine months as
+in the twelve months of the year previous. Another gift had also been
+received from the gentry, a piece of land near the hospital site, on which
+a home for the physician was already in process of building.
+
+During 1907 the work continued to grow steadily in scope and favour. Dr.
+Kahn's annual report for that year shows something of its development: "My
+practice has increased steadily among the foreigners and Chinese, until now
+we have patients come to us from all the large interior cities, even to the
+borders of Fuhkien. You would be surprised to know how many foreigners I
+treat in this out-of-the-way place. During the year we have treated over
+eight thousand patients. The evangelistic work among them has been better
+undertaken than ever before, and I am sure we shall see results in the near
+future. Several inquirers have been accepted, and seven women have been
+taken in as probationers."
+
+Although the demands of her work in Nanchang are constant and absorbing,
+Dr. Kahn has never become provincial in her interest; while working with
+whole-hearted devotion in her own corner, she still keeps the needs of the
+entire field in mind. At the fifth triennial meeting of the Educational
+Association of China, held in Shanghai in the spring of 1905, she gave an
+address on "Medical Education," in which she said in part:
+
+    "Turn the mind for a moment to the contemplation of China's four
+    hundred millions, with the view of inaugurating effectual modern
+    medical practice in their midst. How many physicians are there to
+    minister to this vast mass of humanity? Barely two hundred! Such a
+    ratio makes the clientele of each physician about two million. What
+    would the English-speaking world think if there were only one
+    physician available for the cities of New York and Brooklyn! Yet
+    the people of these cities would not be so badly off, because of
+    the steam and electrical connections at their command."
+
+    "We as missionary physicians recognize our own inadequacy and the
+    imperative demand for native schools. How can we undertake to help
+    spread medical education in China with the limited means at our
+    command? Shall we simply take unto ourselves a few students as
+    assistants, and after training them for a few years turn them out
+    as doctors? By all means, no! Take us as we are generally situated,
+    one or two workers in charge of a large hospital or dispensary, is
+    not the stress of our professional work almost as much as we can
+    bear? Then there are the people to whom we ought to give the bread
+    of life as diligently as we minister to their bodily needs. Add to
+    this the urgent need of keeping up a little study. Where comes the
+    time and strength to teach the students as they should be taught?
+    Certainly to the average missionary such work as the turning out of
+    full-fledged doctors ought to be debarred. It seems to me that what
+    can and ought to be done is to single out promising students who
+    possess good Christian characters as well as physical and mental
+    abilities, and send them to large centres such as Peking, Canton,
+    Shanghai, and Hankow, where they might take a thorough course in
+    medicine and surgery. In these large cities the case is altered;
+    for hospitals and physicians are comparatively numerous, and much
+    could be done in a union effort. I am glad one or two such schools
+    have been inaugurated."
+
+    "As stiff a course as possible ought to be arranged and if it is
+    thought best the whole thing might be outlined by the China Medical
+    Missionary Association. For entrance requirements there should be
+    presented a solid amount of Chinese and English, with some Latin
+    and perhaps one other modern language. That may seem a great deal
+    to ask at present, but our higher schools of learning ought soon to
+    be able to supply such a demand, as well as the necessary training
+    in mathematics, physics, chemistry, etc. In other words the student
+    must be equipped in the very best manner for his lifework."
+
+    "During the present generation at least, if not longer, the women
+    of China will continue to seek medical advice from women
+    physicians, and to meet the demand we must confront and solve
+    another problem. Co-education is impracticable just at this
+    juncture. We must have either an annex to the men's college, or a
+    separate one entirely. Whichever plan is adopted it matters not,
+    barring the 'lest we forget' that it is just as important to
+    establish medical schools for women as for men."
+
+    "In the golden future when schools abound we shall have to think of
+    state examinations; but at that time we shall expect to be ready to
+    greet the blaze of day in this wonderful country of ours, when she
+    has wakened from the long sleep we often hear about, and taken her
+    place among the nations of the world, and God and man shall see
+    'that it is good.'"
+
+At the close of 1907 Dr. Kahn had been back in China for twelve years,
+years of arduous, almost unremitting labour; and her fellow missionaries
+felt that before the work on the new hospital building began she ought to
+have a vacation. Certainly she had earned it. Not only had she worked
+faithfully for seven years in Kiukiang, but she had, within the five
+succeeding years, established medical work in a large city, where she was
+the first and only physician trained in Western sciences. Assisted only by
+two nurses whom she herself had trained, she had kept her dispensary
+running the year around, all day and every day. Moreover, she had kept the
+work practically self-supporting, in spite of the fact that she had refused
+to economize by using inferior medicines, or bottles of rough glass which
+could not be thoroughly cleansed. She had insisted that her drugs be of the
+purest, and dispensed in clean, carefully labelled bottles, and had often
+furnished besides the food needed to build up strength. In addition to all
+this, she so commended herself and her work to the people of the city that
+in 1906 she was enabled to hand over to the Woman's Foreign Missionary
+Society, a dispensary building and two fine building lots, to be used for a
+hospital and physician's home.
+
+She was finally persuaded to go to America for a period of change and rest.
+"Rest" for Dr. Kahn evidently means a change of work; for she went at once
+to Northwestern University to take the literary course which she felt would
+fit her for broader usefulness among her countrywomen. Eager to get back to
+China she did three years' work in two, studying in the summer quarter at
+the University of Chicago, when Northwestern closed its doors for the
+vacation. In addition to her University studies, she undertook, for the
+sake of her loved country, a work which is peculiarly hard for her, and
+almost every Sunday found her at some church, telling of the present
+unprecedented opportunities in China.
+
+The question may perhaps be raised as to whether days could be crowded so
+full and yet work be done thoroughly. But Prof. J. Scott Clark of
+Northwestern University said of her, at this time: "Dr. Kahn is one of the
+most accurate and effective students in a class of eighty-four members,
+most of them sophomores, although the class includes many seniors. The
+subject is the study of the style and diction of prominent prose authors,
+with some theme work. Last year Miss Kahn attained a very high rank in the
+study of the principles of good English style during the first semester,
+and in that of synonyms during the second semester. In the latter difficult
+subject she ranked among the very best students in a class of over three
+hundred members. She is very accurate, very earnest, and very quick to
+catch an idea. In fact she is nothing less than an inspiration to her
+classmates."
+
+In the spring of 1910 Dr. Kahn was a delegate to the Conference of the
+World's Young Women's Christian Association held in Berlin, and from there
+went to London for six months of study in the School of Tropical Diseases.
+She had planned to return to Northwestern University to complete the work
+interrupted by her trip to Europe, and to receive her degree. Her work had
+been of so unusually high a standard, however, that she was permitted to
+finish her course by correspondence, and was granted her degree in January,
+1911. She completed her course in the School of Tropical Diseases with high
+honour, and in February, 1911, she reached Nanchang, where one of her
+fellow-workers declares, "she is magnificent from the officials' houses to
+the mud huts."
+
+The new hospital was still in process of building, but the doctor began
+work at once in her old dispensary, and the news of her return soon spread.
+In a short time she was having an average of sixty patients a day, and
+several operations were booked some time before the hospital could be
+opened. It was ready for use in the autumn and in October Dr. Kahn wrote:
+"The work has gone on well, and patients have come to us even from distant
+cities clear on the other side of Poyang Lake. The new building is such a
+comfort. It looks nice and is really so well adapted for the work. I would
+be the happiest person possible if I did not have to worry about drug
+bills, etc.... It is impossible to drag any more money out of the poor
+people. Our rich patients are very small in number when compared with the
+poor. Yesterday I had to refuse medicines to several people, though my
+heart ached at having to do so. You see I had no idea that the work would
+develop so fast, and things have risen in prices very much the last few
+years."
+
+At the time that this letter was written the Revolution was in progress,
+and Nanchang, with all the rest of Central China, was in a turmoil. Because
+of the disturbed conditions most of the missionaries left the city, but Dr.
+Kahn refused to leave her work. With the help of her nurses she kept the
+hospital open, giving a refuge to many sufferers from famine and flood, and
+caring for the wounded soldiers. None of the forty beds was ever empty, and
+many had to be turned away.
+
+The close of the Revolution did not, however, bring a cessation of work for
+the doctor. She already needs larger hospital accommodation, three times as
+much as she now has, one of her friends writes. But Dr. Kahn delights in
+all the opportunities for work that are crowding upon her; for she says,
+"When I think what my life might have been, and what, through God's grace,
+it is, I think there is nothing that God has given me that I would not
+gladly use in His service."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DR. MARY STONE
+
+  I. WITH UNBOUND FEET
+
+ II. THE DANFORTH MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
+
+III. WINNING FRIENDS IN AMERICA
+
+ IV. A VERSATILE WOMAN
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: [Handwritten] Yours in His service Mary Stone]
+
+
+
+
+DR. MARY STONE
+
+I
+
+WITH UNBOUND FEET
+
+
+On the "first day of the third moon" of the year 1873, a young Chinese
+father knelt by the side of his wife and, with her, reverently consecrated
+to the service of the Divine Father the little daughter who had that day
+been given them. They named her "Maiyü,"--"Beautiful Gem"--and together
+agreed that this perfect gift should never be marred by the binding of the
+little feet. It was unheard of! Even the servant women of Kiukiang would
+have been ashamed to venture outside the door with unbound feet, and the
+very beggar women hobbled about on stumps of three and four inches in
+length. No little girl who was not a slave had ever been known to grow up
+with natural feet before, in all Central or West China. That the descendant
+of one of the proudest and most aristocratic families of China, whose
+genealogical records run back without a break for a period of two thousand
+years, little Shih Maiyü, should be the first to thus violate the
+century-old customs of her ancestors, was almost unbelievable.
+
+Even the missionaries could not credit it, not even Miss Howe, whose
+interest in the family was peculiarly keen, since Maiyü's mother was the
+first fruits of her work for Chinese women, and had ever since been working
+with her. To be sure Mrs. Shih had said to her, "If the Lord gives me a
+little daughter I shall not bind her feet." But Miss Howe had made so many
+efforts to induce the women and girls with whom she had worked to take off
+the crippling bandages, without having been successful in a single
+instance, that she did not build her hopes on this. One day, when calling
+in the home and seeing little Maiyü, then five years old, playing about the
+room, she remarked, "My dear Mrs. Shih, you will not make a good job of it
+unless you begin at once to bind little Maiyü's feet." But Mrs. Shih never
+faltered in the purpose which she and her husband had formed at the little
+girl's birth, and promptly answered, "Did I not tell you I should not bind
+her feet?"
+
+The first years of Maiyü's life were unusually happy ones. Her father was a
+pastor in the Methodist church, and had charge of the "Converting to
+Holiness" chapel in Kiukiang; her mother was successfully conducting a day
+school for girls. From her mother Maiyü received much of her earliest
+instruction and before she was eight years old she had studied several of
+the Chinese classics and memorized the Gospel of Matthew and the catechism
+in Chinese so thoroughly that she has never forgotten them.
+
+But as she approached the age when custom required that her feet should be
+bound, the little girl discovered that the way of the pioneer is not an
+easy one. The unbound feet were a constant source of comment and ridicule,
+not only by older people, but by other children as well. She was stopped on
+her way to school one day by an older girl, who taunted her with her "big
+feet" and refused to let her pass unless she would kneel down and render
+obeisance to her own bandaged stumps. The small descendant of the proud
+house of Shih absolutely refused to submit to such humiliation; but it was
+only after her mother's assistance had been invoked that she was allowed to
+proceed on her way.
+
+Relatives and friends protested vigorously against such apparent
+indifference to their daughter's future on the part of her parents. "You
+will never be able to get a mother-in-law for her," they declared. Mr. and
+Mrs. Shih felt, no doubt, that this was true; for who could have then
+prophesied that the time would so soon come in conservative old China when
+young men would not only be willing to marry girls with natural feet, but
+would decidedly prefer them! Maiyü's father and mother never reconsidered
+their decision that their daughter should grow to womanhood with natural
+feet; but they did try to devise some plan by which her life might be a
+useful and happy one, even though she might never enjoy the blessing of a
+mother-in-law. They were very much impressed with the service which Dr.
+Kate Bushnell was rendering the suffering women and children of Kiukiang,
+and when Maiyü was eight years old her father took her to Dr. Bushnell and
+announced, "Here is my little girl. I want you to make a doctor of her."
+
+This was almost as startling as the unbound feet! A Chinese woman physician
+was unknown and undreamed of. But this young father's faith in the
+possibilities of Chinese womanhood was not to be discouraged. The necessity
+of general education, preliminary to medical training, was explained, and
+Maiyü was put in charge of Miss Howe, then at the head of the Girls'
+Boarding School of the Methodist Mission. In this school she spent most of
+the next ten years of her life, studying in both Chinese and English, and
+fitting herself under Miss Howe's direction for her medical course.
+
+In 1892, Maiyü and her friend, Ida Kahn, accompanied Miss Howe to America,
+there to receive the medical education for which they had long been
+preparing. If America held much that was new and interesting to them, it
+was no less true that they were something new and very interesting to
+America. "What makes these girls look so different from the other Chinese
+women who come here?" the Government official who examined their passports
+asked Miss Howe. "All the difference between a heathen and a Christian,"
+was her prompt response.
+
+That there were Chinese girls who could successfully pass the entrance
+examinations to the medical department of the University of Michigan, in
+arithmetic, algebra, rhetoric, general and United States history, physics,
+and Latin, was a revelation to the people of America, and their college
+career was watched with the greatest interest.
+
+While in Ann Arbor, Maiyü took pity on the professors who found it so
+difficult to pronounce her Chinese name, and decided to use the English
+translation of it, Mary Stone, during her stay in America. Accordingly one
+morning when the professor started to call on her, she announced, "I have
+decided to change my name, professor." The burst of laughter with which the
+class greeted this simple statement was most bewildering to her; but after
+she had seen the joke she often declared that she was "one of the products
+of Christianity, an old maid," for, as she pointed out, an unmarried woman
+is practically unknown among non-Christians.
+
+During her medical course Mary became more strongly impressed than ever
+before with the evils of foot-binding. Her mother's feet had, of course,
+been bound in childhood, and although Mrs. Stone had never bound the feet
+of any of her daughters, she had not unbandaged her own. For she said that
+if she also had unbound feet people would say: "Oh, yes, she must be from
+some out-of-the-way place where the women do not bind their feet, and so
+she does not know how to bind the feet of her daughters. That accounts for
+such gross neglect." On the other hand, she reasoned that if she herself
+had the aristocratic "golden lily" feet, it would be evident that her
+failure to bind her daughters' feet was due to principle. But while Mary
+was pursuing her medical studies she became convinced that the time had
+come when her mother ought to register a further protest against the
+harmful custom, by unbandaging her own feet, and wrote urging her to do so.
+Mrs. Stone readily agreed to this. Moreover, at the annual meeting of the
+Central China Mission in 1894, when a large mass-meeting was held for the
+discussion of foot-binding, she ascended the platform and in a clear voice,
+which made every word distinctly heard to the remotest corner of the large
+chapel hall, told why she had never before unbound her feet, and why she
+was now about to do so. Her husband was so in sympathy with her decision
+that later in the meeting he added a few words of approval of the course
+she had taken. The last shoes worn before the unbinding, and the first
+after it, were sent to Ann Arbor to the daughter who had so long been a
+living exponent of the doctrine of natural feet.
+
+After four years at the University of Michigan, during which she and her
+friend, Dr. Ida Kahn, had won the respect and friendship of both faculty
+and students by their thorough work, Dr. Stone went to Chicago for the
+summer, in order to attend the clinical work in the hospitals there. It was
+at this time that she met Dr. I. N. Danforth of that city, who was ever
+afterward her staunch friend. He was about to leave for Europe, but found
+time before his departure to introduce Dr. Stone to many of the Chicago
+physicians and hospitals. He says: "She won the hearts of all with her
+charming ways, and got everything she wanted. When I took her to clinics
+she would often not be able to see at first, being such a little woman; but
+the first thing I knew she would be right down by the operating table. The
+doctors would always notice her, and seeing that she couldn't see would
+open up and let her down to the front." After what Dr. Danforth considered
+a thorough clinical training, including visits to practically all the good
+hospitals in Chicago, Dr. Stone sailed for China with Dr. Kahn, reaching
+there in the autumn of 1896.
+
+
+
+
+II
+
+THE DANFORTH MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
+
+
+On their return to China, Dr. Stone and Dr. Kahn received a most
+enthusiastic welcome from the Chinese. It had been expected that it would
+be necessary for them to spend the first few months in overcoming
+prejudices and gradually building up confidence. But on the contrary,
+patients appeared the third day after their arrival, and kept coming in
+increasing numbers, until in December it became necessary to rent
+dispensary quarters and rebuild a Chinese house to serve as a hospital. Dr.
+Stone reported in July, 1897, that since October of the preceding year, she
+and Dr. Kahn had treated 2,352 dispensary patients, made 343 visits, and
+had thirteen patients in their little hospital, besides spending a month in
+Nanking visiting the hospitals there.
+
+The following year the little hospital was presented with what was probably
+its first, though by no means its last, "merit board." One of Dr. Stone's
+letters gives an account of this event:
+
+    "Two days ago we had quite an occasion. A child had been sick for a
+    long time, and the best Chinese physicians pronounced him
+    incurable. Then it was that they gave us a chance. He is recovering
+    and the parents, wanting to show their gratitude, gave us a 'merit
+    board,' thinking in this way they would 'spread our fame.'
+    Accordingly a day was selected to present the board to us, and we
+    prepared tea and cakes for those who would come. On the day
+    appointed at 2 P.M., we heard a lot of fire-crackers, rockets, and
+    guns, and a band playing the flute and bugle at the same time. The
+    'merit board,' consisting of a black board with four big carved and
+    gilded characters in the centre, and with red cloth over it, was
+    carried into our guest hall by four men, and set on the centre
+    table. The characters complimented us by a comparison with two
+    noted women of ancient times, who were great scholars. I
+    acknowledged the honour with a low Chinese bow, and a tall, elderly
+    gentleman returned me a bow, without a word being spoken by either
+    of us. Then I withdrew, and he took tea with two of our gentlemen
+    teachers. The company stayed to see the board put up on our wall."
+
+As the fame of the young physicians grew and their practice steadily
+increased, they found themselves greatly hampered by lack of a proper
+building in which to carry on their work. In 1898 Dr. Stone wrote back to
+America: "Our tiny hospital is crammed full. An observer might think that
+we carried home but a slight idea of hygiene. Our hospital measures on the
+outside 28 by 21 at Chinese feet (our foot is one inch longer than yours)
+and we have been compelled to crowd in twenty-one sleepers. The building
+being so small and not protected from the heat of the sun by any trees or
+awnings, by evenings it is fairly an oven, which is certainly not a very
+desirable place for sick people. We are looking forward all the time for
+signs or signals from the women of America to build our new hospital, but
+not a letter comes to bring us this kind of message. Still we are thankful
+for the hope of building some time."
+
+This hope was realized almost at once, largely through the generosity of
+the friend Dr. Stone had made in Chicago, Dr. I. N. Danforth, who felt that
+no more fitting memorial could be erected to his wife than a hospital for
+Chinese women and children. Dr. Stone and Dr. Kahn drew their own plans and
+sent them to Chicago, where they were perfected in every detail by an
+architect of that city, and sent back to Kiukiang with the necessary
+specifications and instructions. These plans were carried out to the letter
+and in 1900 an airy, grey brick building, finished with white granite and
+limestone, plentifully supplied with comfortable verandas, and bearing over
+its pillared entrance the name, "Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial
+Hospital," was ready for occupancy. But on the very day that the furniture
+was moved in, the American consul advised all foreign women and children to
+leave Kiukiang immediately. The other missionaries were so unwilling to
+leave the young doctors to face the possible dangers from the Boxers alone,
+that they finally prevailed upon them to go to Japan with them.
+
+The hospital escaped any injury, however, and in her report for 1900, Dr.
+Stone said: "Our new hospital is a comfort and constant inspiration to us
+in our work. We were indeed grateful, after half a year's enforced exile,
+to come home and find it intact and ready for use.... During six months
+there have been 3,679 dispensary patients, 59 in-patients, and 414 visits."
+
+[Illustration:
+Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial Hospital, Kiukiang, China]
+
+The hospital was formally opened on the seventh of December, 1901, during
+the annual meeting of the Central China Methodist Mission, held that year
+at Kiukiang. The _North China Daily Herald_ gives the following account
+of this interesting occasion:
+
+THE OPENING OF A MODEL HOSPITAL IN KIUKIANG
+
+    "On Saturday afternoon the 7th instant, some foreign residents of
+    Kiukiang, the members of the Methodist Central China Mission, and
+    many native friends gathered together at the formal opening of the
+    Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial Hospital, of which two ladies,
+    Drs. Stone and Kahn, are the physicians in charge. There were a
+    number of Chinese ladies, whose rich costumes showed the official
+    rank and wealth of husbands and fathers. The Chen-tai, prefect,
+    assistant prefect and magistrate added their official dignity to
+    the occasion. These were noticeably appreciative of the first hymn,
+    'God save the Emperor.'"
+
+    "Bishop Moore presided, formally opening the hospital; Mr.
+    Clennell, H.B.M., Consul for Kiukiang, gave a very good address, to
+    which Dr. Stuart, American Vice-consul of Nanking, made fitting
+    response. Then followed short, pithy speeches by Drs. Beebee and
+    Hart. The two heroines of the occasion kept modestly in the
+    background, refusing to be introduced, much to the disappointment
+    of the audience. The officials insisted that coming forward would
+    be in entire harmony with etiquette and propriety, but the Chinese
+    young ladies remained firm and were represented by their wise
+    teacher, Miss Howe, who has planned with them and for them since
+    their childhood. After refreshments guests were at liberty to
+    saunter across verandas and through the various wards, the room for
+    foreign patients, the convalescents' room, solarium, dark room,
+    offices, reception room, etc., of this admirably planned hospital.
+    The operating room with its skylight, its operating table of glass
+    and enamel; the adjoining sterilizing room, containing apparatus
+    for distilling, sterilizing, etc., are especially interesting to
+    Chinese visitors. The drug rooms are well stocked and furnished
+    with modern appliances, instruments, a fine microscope, battery,
+    etc., and there is the nucleus of an excellent library. Everywhere
+    one finds evidence of wise forethought and careful expenditure."
+
+[Illustration: Dr. Stone, Dr. Kahn, and Five of the Hospital Nurses]
+
+    "The Chinese have a high regard for the skill and ability of these
+    gifted young physicians. One sees this appreciation, not only in
+    the commendatory tablets hanging in the entrance hall, but in their
+    equally gracious and more serviceable gifts, which together with
+    fees amounted this year to about $2,500. The doctors have had
+    within the last twelve months, 7,854 patients and have made 531
+    out-visits. Their services have been requested by different
+    official families of Kiukiang and Nan-chang, the capital of
+    Kiangsi. Patients come to them from different provinces. The young
+    physicians fearlessly make journeys far out in the surrounding
+    country, crossing the mountains perhaps, but always in perfect
+    safety, as they meet only with respect and courtesy. Sometimes
+    after a successful visit their chairs will be draped with a red
+    cloth and the physicians will be carried home in triumph through an
+    admiring crowd, and accompanied all the way by fire-crackers. They
+    hear only pleasant and complimentary remarks from passersby. 'We
+    are afraid of foreigners, but you can understand our nature'--so
+    the simple-minded country folk sometimes tell them."
+
+Dr. Stone, describing the opening of the hospital to Dr. Danforth, wrote,
+"The Chinese were very much impressed with your way of commemorating your
+wife." Dr. Kahn added that one of the highest officials, who was being
+shown through the building, signified his approval by emphatically
+declaring, "It would make any one well merely to stay in such a pleasant
+place."
+
+As a matter of fact, work had been carried on in the new building for some
+time before the formal opening. It had been ready for occupancy none too
+soon, for in the summer of 1901, the Yangtse River overflowed its banks,
+working great havoc among the crops and homes of the people living near it.
+Dr. Stone wrote Dr. Danforth: "Tens of thousands have been rendered
+homeless and destitute. Some of them are literally starved to death. The
+sick and hungry flock to our gates, and for several months we have had over
+a thousand visits each month to our dispensary." Some idea of the part
+which the hospital played in relieving the sufferings of the flood refugees
+is given by an article in _Woman's Work in the Far East_, written by Dr.
+Stone at about this time:
+
+    "Perhaps friends would like to know how we dispensed the clothes
+    and quilts so kindly sent us. During the winter months very many
+    needy refugees came to our dispensary daily for treatment. Of
+    course we did not have enough clothes to distribute
+    indiscriminately, but only for those who were the most helpless and
+    miserable. We received them by hundreds, and not only had we to
+    give out medicine, but rice, as well as clothing."
+
+    "One morning when it was raining outside, an old woman came into
+    our dispensary all exhausted, carrying a child on her back, and
+    another buttoned in front within her clothes. The older one was a
+    boy three years old and the tiny baby in her bosom was only three
+    months old. They proved to be her grandchildren, and the old woman
+    said: 'Never in our lives have we gone out to beg before, and for
+    the last three days we have not had a morsel to eat. Before the
+    floods we were considered well-to-do people, and my son is forty
+    years old and a literary man; so he is too ashamed to beg, but
+    tries to help the family by gathering sticks for the fire. His
+    wife is sick in bed with typhoid fever and now the baby has no one
+    to nurse it, and the boy is sick, and I have to take care of them
+    all and beg for a living.' The woman had on only a lined garment,
+    so we gave her one of those wadded gowns that were sent us, and a
+    tin of milk for the baby, and also sent a little rice to make gruel
+    for the sick woman at home."
+
+This was only one of many cases of need which the hospital sought to
+alleviate. A few days after Christmas of this year Dr. Stone wrote to a
+friend in America: "What a busy time we had getting ready to celebrate the
+joyful event! We gave a good square meal to the refugees, and let them take
+home what they could not finish here. It made me feel happy to see them so
+pleased, and gave us an opportunity to tell them of the greatest Gift to
+mankind. Although we were so rushed that we did not even sit together to
+eat our regular meals, yet we felt it was the happiest Christmas we have
+ever had."
+
+In addition to the refugees larger numbers of regular patients than ever
+before were coming to the doctors for treatment. The new hospital had
+hardly been opened before Miss Howe wrote, "Patients who are able to bear
+their own expenses are being sent away, because the present accommodations
+are already overtaxed."
+
+Just at this time, when the doctors' growing reputation, and the increased
+facilities which the new buildings afforded, were greatly enlarging both
+opportunity and responsibility, the question of Dr. Kahn's going to
+Nanchang to open medical work there arose. It is not surprising that at
+first Dr. Stone wondered how she could spare her friend and fellow-worker,
+now that the work was greater than ever before, and every indication
+pointed to large growth in the future. But when she became convinced that
+the opportunity at Nanchang was too great to be neglected, and that only
+Dr. Kahn could meet it, she bade her God-speed and cheerfully accepted the
+added burden thus laid upon her.
+
+Left alone with the entire work in Kiukiang, Dr. Stone's hands were full
+indeed, as the answer which she gave to a request for a synopsis of her
+day's work shows: "We breakfast at half-past seven and then I go to the
+chapel in the hospital and conduct prayers for the inmates and patients
+able to attend. After prayers I make a general inspection of the hospital,
+and then I teach my class of nurses. I take young native girls in their
+teens and give them a thorough course of training such as they would get
+in America. I translate the English books into Chinese for them, and
+sometimes put the Chinese books into English too. Then I go to the
+dispensary and am busy there for hours.... In the afternoons I make calls,
+generally on women of rank who need my assistance and have been unable to
+get to the hospital. I return home only when here seems no further work for
+me that day."
+
+So far from decreasing in number after the medical force had been lessened
+by half, the stream of patients became larger than ever. A few weeks after
+Dr. Kahn had gone, Dr. Stone said, in a letter to Dr. Danforth: "For a long
+time I have been wanting to write to you, but have been so pressed with
+work that I had to let my correspondence suffer. Now I find that I must
+write to you to let you know how crowded we are already, at this season
+when we generally have a scarcity of patients, as it is Chinese New Year.
+Now that our work is better known we seem to draw a better class of people.
+I don't mean very rich people, but the well-to-do, thrifty class, who earn
+their way by labour. Just now I have to accommodate seven private patients
+who are paying their own way, with only two private rooms at my disposal.
+So what do you think I do? I had to put one in our linen room, one in the
+sewing room, one in a bathroom, and finally, as a last resort, we had to
+put one in the nurses' dining-room.... We generally have to put patients on
+the floor in summer, but I am afraid we will not have enough room to
+accommodate more even on the floor."
+
+Dr. Stone's dispensary patients soon averaged a thousand a month, and as
+the people's confidence grew, her surgical work also became much heavier.
+In 1906 she reported: "In looking over the record for the year we realize
+that we have advanced decidedly in gaining confidence with the people.
+_Tai-tais_ (ladies of rank) who formerly refused operations, returned to us
+for help."
+
+Often her work kept her busy far into the night and she not infrequently
+fell asleep from sheer exhaustion as she was carried home, in her sedan
+chair, from some difficult case in the country. Yet her work was well done.
+The tribute of a fellow-missionary was well deserved: "Dr. Stone is a tower
+of strength in herself and with her trained assistants carries the large
+work here nobly. She has been eminently successful in surgical cases and is
+having more and more to do in this line." Another, working in a different
+station, wrote, "It was my happy fortune to be the guest of another ideal
+Chinese woman, Dr. Mary Stone, at Kiukiang. I saw her in her model
+hospital, where every little wheel of the complicated machinery was
+adjusted to perfect nicety."
+
+As the work grew, it became evident that larger accommodations would soon
+be imperative, and Dr. Stone succeeded in securing some additional land.
+The first addition was a lot which she had long desired to enclose within
+the hospital grounds. For some time she was unable to do this because of a
+road which ran between, but in 1905 the road was moved to the other side of
+the lot, at her petition, and the land was included within the hospital
+compound. "Most of the neighbours have been patients and are friendly," one
+of her letters reports. "When the magistrate came to see about moving the
+road to the other side of the lot only one man objected. He was soon
+pacified by the magistrate's remark that 'the hospital here is for the
+public good, and when it is in our power to do it a service, we should
+gladly do it.'" Another piece of land was purchased during the same year,
+by money raised entirely from the Chinese.
+
+The next addition greatly delighted Dr. Stone's heart. Adjoining the
+hospital was a temple known as "The White Horse Temple." This was so close
+to the hospital that it made one of the wards on that side damp and dark,
+and, moreover, the noisy crowds of people who thronged it, and the beating
+of the temple gongs, made it a most undesirable neighbour for a hospital.
+Immediately after the annual meeting at which Dr. Stone had been enabled to
+report the purchase of the other lots, a cablegram came from America with
+the good news that $1,000 had been secured for the purchase of the temple
+and the lot on which it stood. Purchasing a temple is quite sure not to be
+an easy task, but in spite of many hindrances Dr. Stone succeeded in
+securing the lot and in making what she gleefully termed "a real Methodist
+conversion" of the temple into an isolation ward.
+
+In 1896 Dr. Stone had landed in China and with Dr. Kahn begun medical work
+in a small, rented Chinese building. In 1906 she found herself in sole
+charge of a large, finely equipped hospital for women and children, with a
+practice which was increasing so rapidly as to make constant additions to
+the hospital property necessary.
+
+[Illustration: General Ward of the Danforth Memorial Hospital]
+
+
+
+
+III
+
+WINNING FRIENDS IN AMERICA
+
+
+In 1907, after eleven years of almost unceasing labour, during four of
+which she had carried the growing work at Kiukiang entirely alone, except
+for the help of the nurses whom she herself had trained, Dr. Stone
+reluctantly laid down her beloved work for a few months. During the winter
+of 1906 she had a severe attack of illness which she herself diagnosed as
+appendicitis, and for which she directed treatment which brought her
+relief. But renewed attacks finally convinced her and her friends that she
+must submit to an operation if her life was to be saved. It was decided
+that she should go to an American hospital, for as a fellow physician
+located at another station of the mission wrote, "We all have a very high
+regard for her and her work, and wanted her to get the best that could be
+had." Moreover, it was a good opportunity to get her "away from China for a
+much-needed change and rest."
+
+Accordingly Dr. Stone, accompanied by her friend, Miss Hughes of the
+Kiukiang mission, sailed from Shanghai, February 9. President Roosevelt,
+who was acquainted with her work and knew of her serious condition, had a
+telegram sent to the Commissioner of Immigration at San Francisco, giving
+instructions that the Chinese physician be admitted with no delay or nerve
+strain. She was therefore passed at once, with all consideration and all
+possible help.
+
+From San Francisco Dr. Stone went straight to the Wesleyan Hospital in
+Chicago, that she might be under Dr. Danforth's care. The operation was
+entirely successful, and early in April, less than a month after reaching
+America, she was sufficiently recovered to take the trip to Miss Hughes'
+home in New Jersey, where she was to rest for a few weeks.
+
+Complete rest, however, was an impossibility to Dr. Stone, even during her
+convalescence, so long as there was any service she could render. Two weeks
+after her arrival Miss Hughes wrote Dr. Danforth that "our little doctor"
+was accompanying her to several of the meetings which she was addressing,
+and was "making friends right and left for her work." Boxes of instruments,
+pillows, and spreads for the hospital beds, a baby organ for the hospital,
+the support of a nurse, and other useful things were being promised by
+these new friends. "Her smiling face, with no word from her even, is a
+wonderful revelation to people who judge the Chinese by the putty-faced
+laundrymen, the only specimen of China they have ever seen," said Miss
+Hughes. Dr. Stone spent the month of May in New York, attending lectures
+and clinics in the hospitals there. As she was starting for Chicago at the
+end of May, she wrote Dr. Danforth:
+
+    "Do you think I shall be able to see much clinic in two weeks? That
+    is the only time allotted me, and my only hope is that you will be
+    the 'master of the situation,' and help me to spend every minute to
+    the best advantage.... I have attended as much clinic as I possibly
+    could this month, but it is awfully hard to get around in New York.
+    Do you suppose I would be able to go directly to Wesley Hospital
+    Monday, and do you think Dr. J---- would have the time and the
+    interest to show me the inside methods of the hospital? He wrote me
+    a most kind letter and invited me to do so.... Two weeks will mean
+    a lot if I can be right in the inside track of things. I want some
+    time on the eye and ear work, besides a few clinics on dermatology.
+    I know two weeks will not be enough for the much I want to see and
+    know, but since it is the only time I am to have, I know you will
+    help me to make the most of it."
+
+Thus did the indefatigable little doctor take the "much-needed rest" of
+which her friends in China had written. That she did make the most of her
+two weeks is testified to by Mrs. Danforth, who visited many of the
+hospitals with her, and who says: "In visiting the hospitals she never
+missed a thing. She saw everything--nothing escaped her notice, not even
+the laundries. She was always keenly alert for every idea that would
+improve her hospital."
+
+On her way back to the East, Dr. Stone stopped at Ann Arbor, for she was
+eager to revisit her "dear old campus," and the faculty under whom she had
+taken her medical work. "We had a lovely time in Ann Arbor," she said in
+writing to a friend. "Dr. Breakey, in whose home we stayed, arranged a
+meeting, or reception, where I saw most of my old professors. Then in the
+parsonage we met all the ladies of our church. Next day I had a meeting in
+the church."
+
+The next few months were filled with almost incessant labour, chiefly
+speaking and making friends for her work. The cordial responses which she
+met everywhere never became an old story to Dr. Stone and her letters are
+full of enthusiastic accounts of them. "Here at Silver Bay, a society wants
+to support a missionary and we hope to find the missionary to-night. The
+first was yesterday's work and the second we hope to gain to-day." Again,
+"Last night on the car we met a gentleman whom I know through my sister
+Anna, and after a few minutes' talk he wants to give me his camera, 5x7,
+for hospital work. Isn't that splendid?" Or, "This morning we went into a
+flower-seed store and what do you suppose the proprietor did but to give us
+the seeds, a big list of all kinds we wanted, and then offered to add a few
+more varieties. We are having lots of fun here."
+
+Dr. Stone met with no less enthusiasm in public meetings than in her
+contact with individuals. One of her hostesses tells of her remarkable
+success in arousing genuine interest in her work: "She spoke at churches
+very often while she was with us, and not once did she fail to get what she
+asked for. She did not ask for things in general but for definite
+things,--pillows for the beds, lamps for the gateway, etc. She is
+irresistible."
+
+The same friend tells of the glee with which Dr. Stone, whose English is
+perfect, delighted to learn modern slang phrases. After practising them in
+the bosom of the family she would sometimes innocently introduce them into
+her addresses, invariably bringing down the house thereby. At one meeting,
+after telling a most remarkable story, she remarked, "You may think this is
+a whopper, but it is true!"
+
+Reports of the meetings at which she spoke contain such items as this: "The
+pastor of St. James Church offered to duplicate all money given in the
+collection when Miss Hughes and Dr. Stone spoke. Six hundred and eighty-two
+dollars was the result. A gentleman present offered one hundred dollars for
+a speech from Dr. Stone in his church. The speech was made and one hundred
+and eighty-two dollars put in the treasury." Other items read: "At the
+district meeting a new auxiliary came into being in ---- Church. No one
+could resist Dr. Mary Stone's persuasive tones as she went up and down the
+aisles asking, 'Won't you join?' She told the people how much she needed a
+pump in Kiukiang and forthwith the pump materialized." The _New York
+Herald_ gave a long and enthusiastic report of her work, ending with the
+words: "'Am I not fortunate? And I am so grateful to be able to help a
+little!' is the modest way she sums up a work of magnitude sufficient to
+keep a corps of medical men busily employed."
+
+Everywhere this little Chinese woman made friends. The words of one of her
+hostesses are emphatic: "She was in our home for a month, and she is one of
+the most attractive women of any race I have ever met. She is so charming
+that she wins her way everywhere." "She is so gracious and cordial," said
+another. "She came into our family just as a member of it. I was not very
+well at the time and she gave me massage every night. Her whole life and
+her whole interest is in doing for others. And the wonderful thing about
+her is her ability to do so much." "No missionary that we have is more
+greatly loved," is the verdict of another.
+
+Dr. Stone greatly enjoyed her stay in America. "Dr. Danforth called my
+appendix 'that blamed thing,'" she said. "I call it that blessed thing,
+because it brought me to this country and people have been so kind to me."
+But she was eager to return to Kiukiang, and early in September was on her
+way back to China, rejoicing in renewed health and new friends for her
+work, and in the many gifts which were going to make that work more
+efficient.
+
+
+
+
+IV
+
+A VERSATILE WOMAN
+
+
+Chief among the gifts which Dr. Stone received for her work while in
+America, was the entire sum of money needed to build another wing to the
+hospital. The need of this wing had been felt for years, for the hospital
+had become crowded as soon as it was opened. Dr. Stone's ingenuity had been
+taxed to the utmost to enlarge the capacity of the original buildings, by
+putting patients into rooms designed for far different purposes, and even
+partitioning off sections of the halls for them. Still many whom she longed
+to take in had to be turned away. Many times it had seemed as if the
+much-needed addition were almost a reality. But the money would not be
+quite sufficient; or the contractors could not be secured; or prices of
+building material would rise and the cost would prove to be double that
+originally estimated; it seemed as if the wing were too elusive ever to
+materialize. On her return to Kiukiang work on the new wing was commenced,
+and it was finished the following autumn. This addition practically
+doubled the hospital work, and Miss Hughes wrote that Dr. Stone was in "the
+seventh or seventeenth heaven over it all."
+
+At the same time that the new wing was being built, a little bungalow was
+erected in the hills behind the city, where children with fevers could be
+sent to escape the intense heat of the summer months in Kiukiang. "The
+Rawling Bungalow is finished and the children are all up there for the
+summer," Dr. Stone wrote in 1908. "I know you will be delighted at this
+annex to the hospital. Of course it is only a bungalow ... but it is a
+blessed relief to have this place to which to send the sick little ones and
+those who otherwise would be left to suffer here all summer."
+
+As soon as the masons had finished their work on the new wing of the
+hospital they began on another new building just beside it; a home for the
+doctor and Miss Hughes, also a gift from friends in America. That, too, was
+completed by the end of 1908, and during Chinese New Year, a time when the
+hospital work was less pressing, Dr. Stone and Miss Hughes took a trip to
+Shanghai to buy furniture for it. It is easy for one who saw the doctor
+then to imagine the keenness with which she noticed every detail in the
+American hospitals, for while visiting in the homes of friends in Shanghai
+nothing escaped her quick eye. Miss Hughes' attention was constantly called
+to things that pleased the doctor's taste by her often reiterated, "Look
+here! We must have this in our home." "Miss Hughes and I shall try to make
+our home so homey," she wrote to a friend, "and we shall open it for
+everybody, the everyday, common folks as well as the _Tai-tais_."
+
+The next addition to the hospital property was a home for the nurses, money
+for which had been pledged during Dr. Stone's stay in America. As soon as
+the funds were sent out building was commenced, and in March, 1909, the
+nurses moved into their new home. The accommodations of the hospital were
+thus enlarged still further, and moreover the nurses had a far more restful
+environment in which to spend the hours when they were off duty.
+
+[Illustration: Nurses of the Danforth Memorial Hospital]
+
+One who met Dr. Stone in America spoke of the great impression made upon
+her by the doctor's ability to do many things. The demands upon the
+physician in entire charge of the large Danforth Memorial Hospital are
+indeed many and varied, but Dr. Stone has proved equal to them all.
+
+She is a good general practitioner. Probably the best proof of this is
+the number of patients who throng the hospital gates. In 1908 she reported,
+"Last month we saw over 1,700 people in the hospital and dispensary, and in
+April we saw over 1,800." A year later she wrote, "Taking the statistics
+for last month I found we treated 2,743 in the month of April." Her
+successful treatment of the most difficult diseases is all the more
+remarkable to one who knows the tendency of many Chinese not to consult a
+physician until the patient is at the point of death. Their utter lack of
+knowledge of the simplest rules for the care of the sick, and the dreadful
+surroundings in which so many of them live, produce, in those who are
+brought to the doctor after long weeks of suffering, conditions which are
+almost too terrible to describe.
+
+The words of a fellow-missionary throw light on the difficult character of
+Dr. Stone's work:
+
+    "Talk of missionary work! People at home don't know the meaning of
+    the word! Here is this plucky little woman in the midst of this
+    awful heat--I dare not go outside of a shaded room until after the
+    sun is down at night--treating anywhere from twenty to fifty
+    patients in the dispensary every day, and her charity ward filled
+    with the most trying, difficult, repulsive cases of suffering
+    humanity. Missionary work? Why you don't even _find_ such cases as
+    she has every day, in the hospitals of America. How the people live
+    as long as they do--how these poor little suffering children
+    survive until they get to the state they are in when brought to the
+    hospital, is more than I can understand."
+
+Dr. Edward C. Perkins, who visited Dr. Stone for several days, lays similar
+emphasis on the serious condition in which the doctor finds those who apply
+to her for treatment. "The cases which came to the dispensary were sorely
+in need of help. This was, I think, the invariable rule. Such cases they
+were as do not often come to the observance of physicians in this country,
+and some familiarity with the dispensaries of four of the large hospitals
+in New York City, has almost failed to show such need as the little doctor
+sees continually."
+
+No physician in China can be a specialist. One of Dr. Stone's letters shows
+the variety of diseases which she is called upon to treat. "Women come to
+us almost dead; paralyzed, blind, and helpless.... We have in the isolation
+wards, measles; and in the contagious rooms, locked up, leprosy; an insane
+woman locked up in her room; typhoid, tuberculosis, paralyzed women and
+children, ulcer cases such as you would never dream of, surgical cases of
+all kinds, and internal cases too numerous to mention."
+
+A letter from a Kiukiang missionary tells of one woman who came to the
+hospital with "not a square inch of good flesh on her entire body." Fingers
+and toes were so diseased as to be dropping off, and the poor woman's
+suffering was unspeakable. Dr. Stone put her in isolation, and taking every
+precaution with gloves and antiseptics, herself washed and dressed the
+repulsive sores, in spite of the sufferer's protests, "Oh, doctor, don't
+touch me. I am too filthy for your pure hands to touch." This she did every
+day, until, her sores completely healed, the woman was discharged from the
+hospital a few weeks later.
+
+Hon. Charles M. Dow of Jamestown, N.Y., who was taking a trip around the
+world, met Bishop Lewis on a Yangtse-kiang steamer, and was invited by him
+to stop off at Kiukiang to make the acquaintance of a remarkable surgeon of
+that city. Great was Mr. Dow's astonishment when the surgeon appeared and
+proved to be "a small and very attractive native Chinese woman."
+
+Dr. Stone is so small that she has to stand on a stool to reach her
+operating table; but Dr. Danforth's testimony is that she is performing the
+largest operations known to surgery, and that no Chicago surgeon is doing
+work superior to hers. Moreover she has no fellow physicians to assist her
+in her surgical work. The most delicate operations, for which an American
+surgeon would call in the assistance of brother physicians, internes, and
+the most expert of graduate nurses, are performed by Dr. Stone entirely
+unaided except for the faithful nurses whom she has herself trained. Only
+at rare intervals does she receive a visit from a fellow physician such as
+Dr. Perkins of New York, who, in an interesting account of his stay at
+Kiukiang, tells of performing his first major operation "in her operating
+room and under her direction."
+
+At first the people were afraid to submit to operations, but the doctor's
+marked success with those who permitted her to operate soon overcame their
+fear. The results of her skilful use of the knife have been most marvellous
+to them. That a young woman of over twenty, who could not be betrothed
+because of a hare lip reaching into the nose, with a projection of the
+maxillary bone between the clefts, could be successfully operated on and
+transformed into a marriageable maiden, seemed nothing short of miraculous.
+Nor was it less wonderful to them that an old woman could, by an operation,
+be relieved of an abdominal tumor from which she had suffered for sixteen
+years, and which, when removed, weighed fifty-two pounds. "The people
+appreciate surgery more and more," reads one of Dr. Stone's recent letters.
+"A lot of the tuberculosis patients who have seen the quick results from
+operations want me to operate on their lungs."
+
+Another large department of Dr. Stone's work has been the training of her
+nurses. This has been an absolute necessity, for, as Dr. Stone said: "When
+I found I had to run a hospital with accommodations for 100 beds, and an
+out-patient department with sometimes 120 patients a day, I at once found I
+had to multiply myself by training workers. These workers I selected from
+various Christian schools with good recommendations as to qualifications. I
+do not dare to take into training any one who has failed as a teacher or in
+any line of work, because nursing is an art still in its embryo. To succeed
+in this profession one must not only know how to read and write, but also
+know arithmetic and some English."
+
+The course of study which Dr. Stone gives her nurses is about the same as
+that prescribed by the regular training schools, or hospitals, in America.
+To do this she has had to translate several English text-books into
+Chinese for the use of her students. The reliable and efficient nurses who
+have completed the course and are now her trusted assistants in all her
+work, have amply repaid her for all the time and labour she has expended
+upon this part of her work.
+
+In an article on "Hospital Economics" she speaks of the efficient service
+of these nurses:
+
+    "I am blessed with five consecrated young women," she says, "who
+    have completed a course of nursing and studies with me, and I have
+    divided the work into different departments, holding them
+    responsible for the work and for the younger nurses under them. For
+    instance, one of the graduates is the matron, who looks after all
+    the housekeeping and the accounts, watching for the best market
+    time for buying each article in connection with the diet, the best
+    foodstuff for the money expended, and looks after each and all of
+    the servants so that they do their work properly. Another graduate
+    nurse looks after the dispensary, the filling of prescriptions, the
+    weighing and compounding of medicines, and superintends the sale of
+    drugs in that department. Another one has charge of all in-patients
+    upstairs, and another downstairs, including private cases, with
+    junior nurses under her. These look after the special diet, and the
+    carrying out of orders in all the wards and the charting of
+    records. (This is done in English.) Still another nurse has charge
+    of the operating room, with all of the sterilization necessary for
+    all major and minor operations, the distillation of water, and the
+    responsibility of going out to cases with the doctor. In this way
+    it is arranged that in case of all operations the one doctor has
+    her assistants in the operating room, and yet does not interfere
+    with the regular working of the hospital."
+
+"Dr. Stone is multiplying herself many-fold by her splendid training of
+nurses in the Kiukiang hospital," is the verdict of Mrs. Bashford, wife of
+the Methodist Missionary Bishop of China. She has watched Dr. Stone's work
+with keen and intelligent interest, and her opinion seems to be justified
+by the results. When after weeks of unusual strain Dr. Stone was persuaded
+to take a short vacation in the mountains back of Kiukiang, her corps of
+fourteen nurses, five of them graduates, kept up the work of the hospital,
+and treated about eighty patients a day in the dispensary. Twice, in answer
+to telegrams, Dr. Stone returned to Kiukiang, only to find each time that
+everything had been done to her entire satisfaction. "Were it not for the
+efficient help I have from my nurses, I should not be able to manage this
+work at all," she says.
+
+Doubtless one great reason for Dr. Stone's success in raising up efficient
+workers is her confidence in them, and her sympathetic attitude toward
+them. "I believe many a valued worker is lost to her profession through
+lack of sympathy and encouragement when needed," she once said. "Surely the
+Lord values the workers as well as His work, and we who want our work to
+prosper cannot afford to ignore the interests of those upon whom we depend
+so largely for success."
+
+The nurses in turn have a pride in the hospital as great as the doctor's
+own, and are as devoted to it. "The nurses are fine in standing up for our
+standard of cleanliness," Dr. Stone wrote to a fellow-physician. "For
+instance, when this patient came (a very poor woman) the nurses got hold of
+her, bathed her, and put her in our clean, white clothes and tucked her
+away in one of these clean white beds in no time.... She begged to keep the
+bandages on her bound feet. 'No,' the nurses said, 'such dirty bandages in
+our clean bed! No!'"
+
+Writing to Dr. Danforth of her first graduating class, Dr. Stone said: "You
+may ask if they are going to run away and earn large sums for themselves.
+No, they are going to stay and help me in the hospital work, or earn money
+for the hospital. You see, I assign each one to a department of work, and
+she is the head-nurse of that department. Then by turn I send them out to
+do private nursing, and the sums they earn are turned into the hospital for
+caring for the poor who cannot help themselves. Mrs. Wong is nursing Mrs.
+B---- of our own mission at Nanking, and when she comes back Miss Chang
+will be sent to Wuhu to nurse a lady of another mission. Dr. Barrie, of
+Kuling, has written to me to engage several for the new hospital at Kuling
+for foreigners during this summer season. I told him I could accommodate
+him because I have three other classes in training.... The spirit has been
+most beautiful among the nurses. Many of them take their afternoon 'off
+duty' to do evangelistic work in the homes of patients."
+
+The well-trained corps of nurses is one of the most convincing testimonies
+to that of which the whole hospital is a proof--the administrative ability
+of the physician in charge. No detail of a well-managed hospital, from the
+record files and wheel stretchers to the hand-power washing machine, is
+neglected. Nevertheless the hospital is conducted with true economy. Dr.
+Stone defines economy as "the art which avoids all waste and extravagance
+and applies money to the best advantage. It is not economy to buy cheap
+furniture that has to be replaced all the time. It is poor economy to buy
+cheap food and let patients suffer for lack of nourishment.... It is poor
+economy to use cheap drugs and drug your patient's life out. It is poor
+economy to use wooden beds and have to patronize Standard Oil to keep them
+clean. It is also poor economy not to use sheets and thin quilts, instead
+of the heavy comfortables the Chinese have, just in order to save the heavy
+washing and disinfection. It is poor economy to have cheap servants who can
+do nothing. With trained workers to look after instruments, instead of
+having to depend on servants, I find instruments last longer." As a result,
+the universal testimony of those who visit the hospital is, "Dr. Stone has
+one of the finest hospitals we have ever seen."
+
+From the outset the doctor's ideal has been to make the medical work as
+largely self-supporting as possible. Of course many of those most in need
+of medical aid could pay nothing for it, nor for their medicines, nor even,
+if they were in-patients, for their food. Others, however, could pay
+something, and still others were able to pay in full. Soon after work in
+the Danforth Hospital was begun, Dr. Stone wrote: "Our ordinary charge for
+food is sixty cash a day or two dollars per month. For private rooms they
+pay ten to twenty dollars, according to the kind of room they have.
+Occasionally we meet some generous Chinese who give freely and thus help a
+great deal our poor patients, some of whom cannot even pay for their rice.
+For instance, one man has paid three hundred dollars this year for his
+wife, who is still here for treatment, and will probably give more when she
+is through. Another man has given one hundred and forty dollars for his
+wife's treatment. Last quarter we received over four hundred dollars, and
+this quarter over five hundred dollars here. We are getting to have more of
+the well-to-do patients."
+
+A letter written in 1905 tells of ways in which the Chinese assist the
+hospital financially: "It has been my privilege to minister unto many of
+this poor class of people with the fees I receive from the rich. So often I
+find in the morning I earn a good fee, and in the evening I spend it on a
+very poor case. Lately I have been sending a subscription book around. I
+first sent it to the highest official here, and it was immediately returned
+with fifty dollars. It encouraged me very much, for I know the work is
+approved of by the officials and the common people, and they are both
+helping all they can." Once she reported that at a time when the financial
+outlook was unusually discouraging, an unknown non-Christian Chinese sent a
+messenger several hundred _li_ with a gift of money to relieve the
+situation.
+
+Patients who cannot afford to pay anything, but who can use their hands,
+are given sewing to do, and in this way make some contribution toward the
+expenses of the work. The nurses, too, who have received training from the
+hospital, either give their services or the money which they receive from
+private cases. Thus, in various ways, many of the running expenses are met
+on the field, but as so much work is done for the poor, the physician's
+salary and the larger part of the equipment have come from friends in
+America.
+
+Even in the interior of China, and in the midst of the most active of
+lives, Dr. Stone has never ceased to be a student. Early in her work she
+wrote to a friend in America who was also a physician, "We feel that in
+order to keep up in our profession we need occasionally some of the latest
+works, especially since medical science is one of the most progressive of
+all." Subsequent letters are full of commissions such as, "I need an
+English and Latin dictionary very much in the work. Will you buy one--a
+good one--for me?" "Will you kindly buy Hyde's work on 'Venereal Diseases,'
+not on Skin, for I have that." Or "I should like very much to have a work
+on Hygiene. You know the Chinese have such primitive ideas on that subject,
+and if I can get a good standard book I can pick out and translate for the
+benefit of the people. Then if there is still anything left, I would like a
+small book on bandaging and massage, for I want to train new nurses.
+Occasionally, when you see something new and well-tested, such as articles
+you think will help my work, especially anything on tuberculosis, cholera,
+hydrophobia, etc., etc., just remember the back number in China, won't
+you?"
+
+With keen recognition of the inestimable value which her scientific study
+and training have been to her in her work, Dr. Stone has never failed to
+remember the great Source of motive and power, and has ever been eager to
+share with her patients the joy and peace of the Christian religion. Every
+morning she conducts a service in the hospital chapel for the employees of
+the hospital, and such of the patients as are able to attend. At the same
+time the nurses are holding a similar service in the ward upstairs. While
+the dispensary patients are waiting their turn in the examining room, one
+or more Bible women utilize the time by telling them the truths of
+Christianity. Dr. Stone's own mother has done such work for years, morning
+after morning, among her daughter's dispensary patients.
+
+One of the other missionaries at Kiukiang tells of going through the
+hospital one evening, as the nurses were getting the patients settled for
+the night. She noticed a low murmur which she did not at first understand,
+until she saw that at every bed someone was in prayer. Here a mother was
+kneeling by the side of her little suffering son; there another mother of
+high rank was praying that the life of the baby by whose crib she knelt
+might be spared to her. In one corner a woman had crept out of bed and was
+kneeling with her face to the floor; in other places those who were too
+sick to leave their beds were softly praying in them.
+
+The nurses are all Christian women, able to minister to the spiritual as
+well as the physical. Dr. Perkins says of them: "The nurses, too, are
+strongly evangelistic in their thought and effort, and even to one who
+could not understand the language, the atmosphere of Christian harmony and
+the remarkable lack of friction in a place so busy and so constantly full
+of problems, was very noticeable."
+
+One night Dr. Stone went into the room of a patient who had been greatly
+dreading a serious operation which she was to undergo the next day, to be
+greeted with a radiant face and the words, "Oh, doctor, I'm not afraid now
+of the operation. I've been talking to your God." Earlier in the evening
+one of the youngest of the nurses had found her crying bitterly and the old
+woman had told her: "I'm so afraid of the operation. You see the other
+woman you told me of was a Christian and of course your God helped her.
+I've never worshipped your God. I never knew of Him before and He may not
+help me." "Why, you needn't cry over that!" the little nurse assured her.
+"Our God doesn't blame you when no one had told you about Him. Now that you
+know, if you love Him and pray to Him, He will help you." Then she knelt
+down beside her and taught her how to pray to Him. After the operation was
+over and the patient, fully recovered, was going back to her village, she
+said to the doctor, "I am the first one in our village to hear of Jesus.
+Won't you come _soon_ to my people and tell them."
+
+Dr. Stone's letters and reports are full of accounts of the way in which,
+from the beginning, the work of the hospital has brought the knowledge of
+the Great Physician to those whose bodies had been so tenderly cared for by
+His followers that their hearts were very open. Whole families, sometimes
+almost entire communities, have become Christian as a result of the medical
+work. An interesting instance of the way in which the hospital's influence
+is spread by its patients is the case of a little girl, eight years old,
+who unbound her feet while in the hospital, and became so ardent an
+advocate of natural feet that after she had returned to the village in
+which she lived, she and her father succeeded in persuading three hundred
+families to pledge that their daughters should have natural feet.
+
+It is quite impossible to separate Dr. Stone's definitely religious work
+from her medical work; for while Sunday afternoons and the chapel hour in
+the morning are set aside by her for purely evangelistic work, her
+Christian faith permeates all that she does. In the first years of her
+practice she did some itinerating work, but now that the work is so large
+and she is the only physician in charge, she has had to give that up. The
+nurses, however, still carry it on. "You see, while I am practically tied
+to the place," writes the doctor, "it gives so much happiness to be able
+to send out workers like these and to spread our influence. As the nurses
+say, they will be able to send a lot of patients back to the hospital. You
+see the more work we have the merrier we are."
+
+Every time an evangelistic worker goes out on the district, one of the
+nurses accompanies her, and with ointments, simple medicines, bandages,
+vaccine, etc., treats several hundred patients in the country beyond the
+reach of physicians. At one time in the bitter cold weather of winter a
+message came from a distant village where smallpox was raging, asking that
+a nurse be sent to treat the sick people and vaccinate those who had not
+yet taken the disease. One woman in that village had once been at the
+hospital, and it was through her that the call came. One of the nurses at
+once volunteered to go, and with a Bible woman and a reliable man-servant
+she took the trip down the river, in a little sampan, to the smitten
+village. During four days she treated over one hundred patients not only in
+the village, but also in the region round about; for she and the Bible
+woman walked thirty _li_ every day to sufferers in the country. While the
+nurse worked, the Bible woman preached, and in this way hundreds of people
+heard of Christianity for the first time. As Dr. Stone says, "The cry now
+is not for open doors, for we have free entrance into the homes of the rich
+and poor. What we need now is an efficient force of trained evangelistic
+workers to ... follow up the seed thus sown broadcast on such receptive
+soil." This need the Training School for Bible Women is helping to meet.
+
+Mrs. Stephen Baldwin writing to Dr. Danforth said, "The Lord honoured your
+investment by placing in it one of the most wonderful doctors in all this
+world." But Dr. Stone is not only a physician, but an all-round woman. "She
+is equal to any sudden call to speak," said one who heard her often when
+she was in America. A report of the Missionary Conference at Kuling, China,
+states that "Dr. Stone's paper on 'Hospital Economics' was the finest
+feature of an attractive conference." At the request of this conference she
+prepared a leaflet on the diet suited to Chinese schoolgirls, and a few
+years ago wrote a very useful book on the subject: "Until the Doctor
+Comes."
+
+"I observed her in her home," writes a missionary who stopped at Kiukiang
+for a few days _en route_ to Peking, "a housewifely woman, thoughtful of
+every detail that might ensure a guest's comfort. In a single month
+recently she treated 1,995 women and children, yet she is not too busy to
+be a gracious hostess. Chinese ladies delight to visit her, and such is the
+influence of this modest woman that the Hsien's wife has unbound her feet."
+
+It may well be questioned, great as are Dr. Stone's achievements, which is
+of more value, the actual work she is doing, or the inspiration which her
+efficient, self-sacrificing Christian life is bringing to the awakened
+womanhood of the new China. The words of Miss Howe regarding Dr. Stone and
+Dr. Kahn indicate their influence: "They seem to be an inspiration to the
+girls and women of all classes. When our schoolgirls learn of anything 'the
+doctors' did when they were pupils, they seem to think they have found
+solid ground on which to set their feet." A letter from another
+fellow-worker stated that Dr. Stone was to give the address at the
+graduation exercises of the class of 1909 of the Nanking Normal School for
+Women at which the viceroy and "other notables of China" were to be
+present. Dr. Stone was greatly touched when the daughter-in-law of a
+viceroy once said to her that she would gladly give up all her servants,
+her beautiful clothes, her jewels, even her position, if she could lead a
+useful life like hers, instead of making one of the many puppets in the
+long court ceremonies, with nothing to think of except her appearance, and
+nothing to do but kill time.
+
+It is a great joy to the doctor to have a part in bringing about a
+realization of the achievements of which Chinese women are capable, and she
+has been willing to make any sacrifice necessary to do this. Soon after Dr.
+Kahn's transfer to Nanchang had left her with almost double work, Dr.
+Danforth wrote that he had found a nurse in one of the Chicago hospitals
+who was willing to go to China, and asked Dr. Stone what she would think of
+having her come to the Danforth Hospital. Dr. Stone replied that while she
+would take her if Dr. Danforth wished, she would really rather not, on the
+whole. Personally, she said, she would have been very glad to have her
+come, but she was eager that her work should accomplish two things which it
+could accomplish only if it were purely Chinese: first, that it should
+convince the Chinese women themselves that they are able to do things of
+which they have never dreamed; and, second, that it should show the people
+of other nations that the only reason why Chinese women have for centuries
+lived such narrow lives is that they have not had opportunity to develop
+their native powers. She feared that if an American nurse came to the
+hospital it would look as if the purely Chinese work had failed, and that
+it had been necessary to call in help from America.
+
+Accordingly, although Dr. Stone has sometimes been forced to admit that her
+work has been so heavy as to tax both heart and strength to the utmost, she
+has carried it all these years with no help, except from the nurses she has
+trained. She has counted no task too hard, no labour too constant, if she
+may thereby benefit her countrywomen physically, intellectually, or
+spiritually. "She does not spare herself," one of her friends writes, "she
+seems unable to do so, and is too tender-hearted to turn the suffering away
+for her own need."
+
+The past year has brought peculiar burdens to the doctor. She carried on
+her regular hospital work as usual, until the disturbances caused by the
+Revolution came so near that all the women and children in the schools and
+hospital were ordered into the foreign concession. This order came at
+night, and by two o'clock the next morning not a patient was left in the
+hospital.
+
+Dr. Stone turned over the hospital to the revolutionary leaders, and each
+day she and her trained nurses cared for the injured soldiers sheltered in
+it. The leaders of the Revolution urged her to wear the white badge which
+was their emblem, but she told them that while her sympathies were with
+them, as a Red Cross physician she must remain neutral, that she might be
+able to render assistance to the wounded on both sides. Her explanation was
+courteously accepted, and an armed guard was furnished to escort her to and
+from the hospital each morning and evening.
+
+When the Manchu governor of Nanchang was captured he was taken to Kiukiang,
+where, in chagrin at his imprisonment, he attempted suicide. Deserted by
+his servants and soldiers, he would have died alone and uncared for had it
+not been for Dr. Stone, for no one else dared to go near him. Dr. Stone and
+two of her nurses cared for him until the death which they could not
+prevent, but which they made far easier than it would otherwise have been.
+It was this same governor who, but a few months before, had refused Dr.
+Stone the rights of Chinese citizenship because, in purchasing land for a
+men's hospital at Kiukiang, she was buying property for foreigners.
+
+When the leaders of the revolutionary party learned that their prisoner
+had committed suicide they were greatly disturbed. None of them dared to
+carry the news to General Ma, lest, in accordance with an old Oriental
+custom, he should punish the bearer of ill tidings. In their perplexity
+they went to Dr. Stone and asked her to take the news to the general.
+Accordingly the little doctor, accompanied only by one of her nurses, went
+to the general's headquarters to break the news to him. It is significant,
+not only of the universal respect accorded the doctor, but also of the new
+position accorded woman in China, that these women, who ventured unattended
+into a soldiers' camp, were received with every courtesy. General Ma asked
+the doctor many questions about her work, and at the close of their
+interview exclaimed, "When things are settled once more, I intend to find
+support for such a work; the Chinese ought to help it."
+
+Because of the disturbances caused by the Revolution, many students in the
+Kiukiang schools returned to their homes. The family of one young woman
+insisted that she make use of this enforced vacation to become married to
+the young Chinese to whom she had long been engaged. The marriage was
+unwelcome to her, for she was a Christian and the man was not, but as she
+was the only Christian in her family she received no sympathy from them,
+and the wedding was set for Christmas day. The parents, however, yielded to
+their daughter's earnest desire for a Christian ceremony, and her brother
+was dispatched to Kiukiang to seek Dr. Stone, who had been eminently
+successful in all kinds of operations and might surely be relied upon to
+tie a satisfactory marriage knot. Dr. Stone accordingly left all her
+Christmas engagements, and accompanied by a Chinese pastor and one of her
+nurses, set out, through a heavy snow storm, for the girl's home. When the
+wedding guests were all assembled, Dr. Stone said that she would like to
+say a few words before the ceremony took place, and for an hour and a half
+she told her hearers of the Christian good tidings. The result was that
+when the wedding was over the mother and father of the bride brought their
+idols to her, and allowed their daughter to apply the match to them, for
+both had determined to become Christians. The father said that he wished
+other people to hear the good things Dr. Stone had told them, and would
+give the land for a Christian school. The bridegroom volunteered to do the
+carpenter work which would be necessary before a school could be opened,
+and now the young wife is teaching a group of children who have entered
+this new Christian school, and in the new home husband and wife daily unite
+in morning prayers.
+
+After the Revolution was practically over, but conditions were still so
+unsettled as to make it unwise to reopen the hospital, Dr. Stone and
+several of her nurses made a trip to a number of towns in the region around
+Kiukiang. In a recent letter Dr. Stone tells of being given a piece of land
+by the influential people in one of these towns, with the earnest entreaty
+that she leave a nurse there to carry on a permanent medical work. She
+could make them no definite promise, but is hoping that friends in America
+will make it financially possible to support a nurse and dispensary where
+they are so greatly needed.
+
+Truly the Chinese women are blessed in having so perfect an embodiment of
+the ideal woman of the great new China in this unassuming physician, whom a
+friend who has known her from babyhood declares to have the most perfect
+Christian character of any one she knows. After his visit in Kiukiang, Dr.
+Perkins exclaimed: "Such a wonderful woman as Dr. Mary Stone is! I do not
+know of any good quality she does not possess"; and one who has had an
+intimate acquaintance with the college women of America says: "What a
+marvel Dr. Stone is! To me she is unexcelled in charm, in singleness of
+purpose, and all-round efficiency, by any other woman I have ever known."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+YU KULIANG
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: Yu Kuliang]
+
+
+
+
+YU KULIANG
+
+
+The same year that little Mary Stone first saw the light, on almost the
+same day, in another part of the same city, another little girl was born, a
+member of the same proud old family whose line runs back so many years into
+Chinese antiquity. Unlike Mary Stone, she was not born into a Christian
+home, but it was a home where the parents truly loved each other, and one
+in which she might have spent a very happy childhood, had not the young
+father died while she was still a baby.
+
+The mother, broken-hearted over her husband's death, decided to become a
+Taoist nun and devote the remainder of her life to the search for truth.
+With her baby she shut herself up in a little hut outside of the city,
+seeing no one, and giving her whole time to the care of the child and her
+efforts to find truth. The members of her family, which is one of the
+wealthiest and most aristocratic in Kiukiang, were greatly pleased with
+what they considered an eminently virtuous resolve for a young widow to
+make, and applied to the Emperor for his approval of the course she had
+decided to follow. This being heartily given, they built a very comfortable
+home for her on the outskirts of Kiukiang. The building was christened
+Purity Hall, and over its gateway were placed large placards announcing the
+imperial sanction of the life which the young widow had chosen for herself
+and her child.
+
+Here the little girl grew to womanhood, knowing no companionship except
+that of her mother and her teachers. Her mother employed the best possible
+Chinese teachers for her, and she early learned to read the books of the
+three religions of China, that she might join her mother in her pursuit of
+truth. She seldom left the house, and no one but her teachers ever entered
+it, but day after day she pored over the books on Taoism, Buddhism, and
+Confucianism until she had read them all. She, too, became a Taoist nun,
+but continued in the worship and study of Buddhism and Confucianism also,
+determined to find the _true_ religion.
+
+She even surpassed her mother in the ardour of her search for truth, for
+she spent twelve entire years, in periods of three years each, in one room
+of the house, living in the most absolute seclusion, not seeing her
+mother, speaking to no one, and hearing no voice, for three years at a
+time. After such a vigil she came out into the rest of the house for a
+year, then went back for another three years of solitude. In one corner of
+this room were the shrine and the altar before which Yu Kuliang knelt hour
+after hour during the years of her long vigil, and the idols, large and
+small, of wood and stone, which were her only companions. She always kept
+three sticks of incense burning before the shrine, one for each religion,
+that she might be sure not to make a mistake. In the ardour of her devotion
+she even made offerings of pieces of her own flesh to the idols. Her whole
+body, even her face, was covered with the ugly round scars caused by this
+self-mutilation.
+
+When Yu Kuliang was a woman of thirty-two she learned that the Stones were
+her cousins, and of her own accord went to call on them. Thereafter the
+doors of "Purity Hall," so long fast closed to all, were thrown open to the
+Stone family. Yu Kuliang and her cousin Dr. Mary Stone, born at almost the
+same time, living, and having always lived, lives as totally different as
+two lives could be, became fast friends. To Dr. Stone, Yu Kuliang frankly
+confessed that an entire life spent in seeking truth had not brought her
+success. She was very willing to listen to all that Dr. Stone had to tell
+her of the truth which she had found, and finally even succeeded in
+summoning up sufficient courage to attend the Sunday morning church
+service. Her years of seclusion had made her so timid, and so afraid of
+mingling among people, however, that the first time she came to the church
+she disguised herself in the garb of a Chinese man. Dr. Stone gave her a
+Bible and she began the study of it at once, with the same earnestness and
+determination to find truth that she had shown in her study of the books of
+the Chinese religion.
+
+After she had once gained courage to attend the church service she came
+frequently, no longer in man's clothes, nor in the coarse, grey cotton
+costume of the Taoist nun, which she discarded soon after knowing Dr.
+Stone, but in the ordinary dress of the Chinese woman. She became a
+frequent visitor to the hospital, too, where she loved to follow Dr. Stone
+from ward to ward, or to sit beside her in the dispensary as she cared for
+the suffering women and children who flocked there daily.
+
+Finally Dr. Stone invited her to come to her for a week's visit, hardly
+daring to hope that she would do so; for she had never, since entering
+"Purity Hall" as a baby, spent a night outside of it. But she consented,
+and gladly drank in all that Dr. Stone and the doctor's mother told her of
+the truth which she had so long sought. One day soon after she had gone
+home, when Dr. Stone was calling on her and her mother, the mother drew Dr.
+Stone aside and said, "Since my daughter came back from your house she
+hasn't been upstairs to see the idols once." After years of ceaseless
+devotion to them, Yu Kuliang had forsaken her idols, and was turning toward
+the living God. Soon afterward, when it was necessary for Dr. Stone to go
+to America for an operation, and for Miss Hughes, who was in charge of the
+Bible Woman's Training School, to accompany her, Yu Kuliang came and asked
+that she might enter the school when Miss Hughes returned from America. But
+when Dr. Stone and Miss Hughes returned to China, they found Yu Kuliang
+suffering from tuberculosis. The long years of self-inflicted imprisonment
+had left her with no vitality to resist, and the disease was making rapid
+progress.
+
+Soon after the doctor's return, Yu Kuliang's mother went away for a visit
+of some days. One afternoon during her absence, when Dr. Stone and Miss
+Hughes were calling on Yu Kuliang, she told them that she was studying the
+Bible, and trying to pray, and added: "I never go near the idols any more.
+They are all upstairs in my old cell." Dr. Stone at once said: "If you no
+longer believe in the idols, get rid of them. Give them to us." Yu Kuliang
+assented immediately, saying, "Take them if you want to," and went upstairs
+with Dr. Stone to get them. They brought down a Buddha and a goddess of
+mercy, which, after a few moments of further talk and prayer, Dr. Stone and
+Miss Hughes took away with them, Yu Kuliang watching them without a murmur.
+
+The next day Dr. Stone and her mother went to see Yu Kuliang again, and
+with her consent and approval chopped to pieces a huge wooden idol, which
+was too large to carry away. When they were wondering what they should do
+with the stump of the body, Yu Kuliang exclaimed, "Throw the horrid thing
+into the ditch!" Thus passed out of her life the idols to which she had
+prayed for hours at a time, before which she had burned numberless sticks
+of incense, beside which she had lived and slept, and which she had made
+her most constant companions all the years of her life. The old temple
+bell, which had for years been used to call the gods from sleep, was given
+to Dr. Stone on the same day.
+
+But when Yu Kuliang's mother returned she was furiously angry--not at the
+daughter to whom she was devoted, but at those who had turned her away from
+her idols. Dr. Stone took the old woman's hands in hers and pleaded with
+her: "You know your daughter does not believe in idols, you know the misery
+of her life, you know how she longs for peace; and as long as you harbour
+the idols in your home, Jesus cannot come into her heart and dwell there."
+The old woman at once broke out, in the tones of one taking the part of an
+injured friend, "But if your God is such a mighty one, and has the tens of
+thousands of followers you tell us He has, why should He be jealous of our
+poor little idols and those who worship them?"
+
+Dr. Stone did not interrupt the tirade which was now poured forth, but
+picked up a piece of wood and a pebble from the floor, and when the old
+woman waited for her to answer, quietly replied to the pebble and bit of
+wood in her hand. Finally the woman said, "Why don't you answer me? You
+have come to see me, and perhaps I have been rude, but you are my relative
+and I want to be friends with you." Still Dr. Stone did not answer, but
+went on talking to the stone and wood, until the old woman lost patience
+and exclaimed, "What nonsense is this!"
+
+Then Dr. Stone put her arm around her and answered, "If you think it is
+nonsense for me to talk to the stone and wood in your house, instead of
+giving you attention, how do you think the Heavenly Father feels,--the one
+who created you, the one who is your Father--when you satisfy yourself with
+images of wood and stone instead of giving that love and devotion to Him?"
+Before Dr. Stone left the young women knelt in prayer, but the mother would
+not join them.
+
+Later, with her mother's consent, Yu Kuliang went to the hospital, and
+there spent four of the ten last days of her life, in the companionship of
+her cousin. Dr. Stone gave her every minute that could be spared from her
+hospital duties, telling her of the glad new life which she was soon to
+enter, and praying with her. Many times Yu Kuliang tried to leave the bed
+to kneel with Dr. Stone, but the doctor explained to her that her prayers
+were just as acceptable where she was, and that she was too weak to kneel.
+"Those four days in the hospital with cousin were the happiest in my life,"
+she told her mother when she returned to her home.
+
+When she knew that she could not get well she insisted, weak as she was,
+upon being dressed and having her photograph taken, for all the photographs
+which she had had before were in the dress of the Taoist nun, and she
+wanted to have one taken after she had become a Christian.
+
+Just before her death she said to her mother, "Mother, there is nothing in
+this life of ours, nothing! We were all wrong. I'm so glad it is over and
+now I am not at all afraid, for I am going to that beautiful place." And
+then, her lifelong quest at length crowned with success, she went to behold
+the face of Him who is the Truth.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ANNA STONE
+
+  I. EAGER FOR EDUCATION
+
+ II. AMONG HER OWN PEOPLE
+
+III. THE POWER OF AN ENDLESS LIFE
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: Anna Stone]
+
+
+
+
+ANNA STONE
+
+I
+
+EAGER FOR EDUCATION
+
+
+"God knew where to send girls; He knew who would be good to them," Mrs.
+Stone assured the neighbours who had come to condole with her on the birth
+of a second daughter, and to remind her that "ten queenly daughters are not
+worth as much as one son with a limp." Years before, when the baby's
+father, one of the literati, had lost all his property in the Tai Ping
+Rebellion, he had adopted the profession of teaching Chinese to the
+missionaries, as the only dignified means by which one of his rank and
+learning could earn a living. While he taught them Chinese characters, they
+taught him about Christianity, and it was not long before he was in charge
+of a Christian chapel in Kiukiang. So when this little daughter was born,
+she was given the good old Bible name of Anna, and great plans were laid
+for her future. While she was still a tiny baby her mother carried her to
+the missionary in charge of the girls' boarding school, one of those to
+whom her father had taught the Chinese language years before, and said to
+her, "As soon as this baby is old enough, I want you to take her and train
+her for Christian work."
+
+If she was to fulfil her mother's ambition for her Anna must of course
+receive an education, although a girl who could read or write even the
+simplest sentence was then almost unknown in China. But Mrs. Stone knew
+well that the more education Anna had, the more efficient a worker she
+would be. She herself had never been taught at all, and after she had
+become a Christian and was eager to tell other women of the good news which
+she had learned, she had found herself sadly hampered because she could not
+read the Bible. It was not so difficult when her husband was at home to
+read it for her; but while he was away on his preaching tours, she had lost
+many opportunities of teaching Christianity to the women who came to see
+her, because of her inability to read the Book which told of the great new
+truth she had learned. So, busy as she was with her babies and her
+household cares, she determined to learn to read, and asked her husband to
+teach her.
+
+Pastor Stone, however, had still something to learn. He did not believe
+that it was possible for the feminine mind, especially that of a woman
+grown, to learn the difficult Chinese characters; and he told his wife
+that, in his opinion, it was not worth while for her to attempt it. If
+Mother Stone was discouraged she did not show it. Every night after the
+rest of the family were asleep she set a candle beside her bed and studied
+characters diligently. Whenever Pastor Stone woke up for a moment, or
+turned over in bed, he would receive a gentle nudge and Mother Stone would
+delightedly exclaim, "Oh, father, won't you please tell me what this
+character is?" He soon decided to teach her in orthodox fashion, and she
+proved to be such an apt pupil that it was not long before she was in
+charge of a little day school for girls.
+
+Anna received much of her early education from her mother, and for a time
+she and her older sister Mary went to school with their brother. Girls at
+school were decidedly a novelty, and the visiting mandarin opened his eyes
+in amazement. "Can _girls_ learn anything?" he demanded of the teacher, who
+was forced to admit that they learned as fast as the boys, and sometimes a
+little faster. When a little older, Anna became a member of the Kiukiang
+Boarding School for girls, where she proved to be a diligent and quick
+pupil. During this time her sister Mary went to America to take her medical
+course, and down in her heart Anna cherished a secret hope that when she
+had completed her high school work she, too, might go to that wonderful
+Christian country from which her missionary teachers had come and in which
+her sister was receiving the training which would fit her for such large
+service among her countrywomen. She said very little about this hope to any
+one, but she and her friend I-lien Tang, who was also eager to go to
+America, determined to pray about it, and to study so faithfully that if
+the way should ever open for them to go, they would be ready. Accordingly
+they completed the high school course in Chinese, and studied English and
+Latin in addition.
+
+In 1898 Bishop Joyce, of the Methodist Church, and his wife took a trip to
+the Orient to visit the mission stations. While in Kiukiang they became so
+much interested in the two girls, Anna Stone and I-lien Tang, that they
+offered to take them back to America with them. The autumn of 1898
+therefore found Anna in America, the country of her dreams, and a student
+in Hamline University. She entered into her college work with much
+enthusiasm and made excellent progress in it. She was not strong, however,
+and was so far from well at the end of the year that it seemed best for her
+to relinquish her plan of following in her sister's footsteps by taking a
+medical course. She therefore planned to fit herself for some other form of
+service which would involve less physical strain, and left Hamline, after
+having been there only one year. But she left behind her many warm friends
+among the students, some of whom had become Christians as a result of the
+consistent and beautiful Christian life of this young Chinese girl.
+
+The next autumn Anna entered Folts Mission Institute, where arrangements
+were made for her to take the two years' Bible course in three years, in
+the hope that she might thus regain her health. Her teachers testify that
+she was a brilliant student, and that her English was so perfect that one
+who heard her, without seeing her, would never have known that she was a
+foreigner. When one of them once asked her how it was that she had such a
+correct pronunciation, she said that when she was in Kiukiang Boarding
+School she used to watch the lips of the missionaries when they were
+speaking English, in order to see just how the words were formed.
+
+Her use of words, too, was almost as accurate as her enunciation of them,
+although occasionally the intricacies of the English language proved
+somewhat mystifying. For example, when she was at her doctor's office one
+day he asked if he had given her any medicine when she was there before.
+
+"No, doctor, you gave me a proscription," she answered. The doctor's smile
+showed her that she had made a mistake, and as soon as they were outside
+she asked the teacher who was with her what she ought to have said.
+
+"_Pre_scription, _pre_scription," she repeated. "I must remember that. What
+was it we had in church last Sunday? Was that a prescription or a
+proscription?"
+
+"That was a subscription," the teacher told her.
+
+"Oh, yes, a subscription. But what did you call the writing on the stones
+in the graveyard? Was that a prescription or a subscription?"
+
+"That was an inscription," was the answer, and perhaps it is small wonder
+that Anna exclaimed in despair, "Oh, this terrible English! Can I ever get
+it!"
+
+On the whole, however, she was very much at home with the English language.
+One morning as she was going down to breakfast some one asked, "How is our
+little China girl this morning?" "Neither cracked nor broken!" was her
+instant response.
+
+During all her stay in America she was in great demand as a speaker, and
+did as much of this work as her health permitted, always giving her message
+in English, and everywhere winning friends for herself and her loved
+people. "Those who have watched her as she held the attention of large
+audiences with the simple story of her own people, will not soon forget the
+modest, unassuming girl who touched their lives for a brief hour," says one
+who heard her often.
+
+When she entered Folts Institute it was thought that it would be a good
+thing for her to take vocal lessons to strengthen her throat and lungs.
+This training was given simply for the sake of her health, and with no
+expectation that she would ever sing in public, but it soon became evident
+that she had musical ability of no small degree. Her voice was very sweet,
+and had such a power to capture the hearts of her hearers that she was
+given the title of the "Sweet Singer," and was in great demand for meetings
+large and small. The whole energy of her life was so given to her Master
+that this newly discovered gift was at once consecrated wholly to His
+service. "You may think me narrow," she said earnestly, when her teacher
+proposed that she should study some nature songs, "but I feel that I must
+be the girl of one song." And into the one song, the Christian hymn, she
+put her whole soul, as any who heard her sing, "I love to tell the story,"
+"Faith of our fathers," or the one that she perhaps sang most often, "Saved
+by Grace," will testify.
+
+"I can hear her still as she sang 'Saved by Grace' to the large audience of
+the General Executive in 1902," wrote one, several years later. "She put
+such fulness of meaning and power into this simple song. It was a part of
+her own experience." Another said, "I heard her sing 'I love to tell the
+story' to an audience of over five hundred college girls at the student
+conference of the Young Women's Christian Association at Silver Bay, and
+the effect was wonderful."
+
+It had been the thought of the principal of Folts Institute that the cost
+of Anna's musical education should be defrayed by gifts from friends who
+were interested in her and her work. But after one spring vacation, when
+Anna had been addressing several meetings and had been given quite a little
+money, she went to the principal's office and turned over the entire amount
+which she had received. "But this is twice as much as your lessons for the
+year will cost, Anna," the principal told her, and started to hand back
+half of it. But Anna would not take it, and insisted that it be used to pay
+for the piano lessons of another Chinese student at the Institute. "I don't
+want ---- to get into debt," she said.
+
+While studying at Folts Institute Anna's first great sorrow came to her in
+the death of her father. They had always been comrades, and she had often
+accompanied him on his preaching tours into the country. It was on one of
+these tours, made during the time of the Boxer uprising, that Pastor Stone
+received the injuries at the hands of a mob which were probably the cause
+of his death. The news was a great blow to Anna, but she bore it quietly
+and bravely, and when a few days later it was her turn to lead the
+students' prayer meeting, she chose "Heaven" for her topic. "Before I came
+to your country, I used to think it was heaven," she said; "but now I am so
+glad it isn't, for then they might try to keep father out, and now I know
+he is inside."
+
+She completed her course at Folts Institute in 1902, and as she seemed in
+good health, entered Central Wesleyan College for further training. But her
+zeal for her work always led her to overestimate her own strength, and her
+patience in suffering and desire not to cause any one any trouble, made it
+hard for others to know the true state of her health. One of her teachers
+at Folts says that Anna would often be ill for days before any one would
+have any knowledge of it, so uncomplaining was she. This teacher tells how
+at one time, when Anna finally had to give up, the tears rolled down the
+cheeks of the girl who bore pain so bravely that it was unsuspected even by
+those who were watching her carefully, at the thought that the friend to
+whom she gave both the century-old reverence of the Chinese for a teacher
+and the warm love of her grateful heart, should have to minister to her
+needs. It was found, after she had been at the Central Wesleyan College for
+a few months, that courageous as she was, her strength was not sufficient
+to enable her to go on with her studies.
+
+She spent the rest of the year in Minneapolis in the home of her good
+friends, Bishop and Mrs. Joyce. She was never content to be idle, and after
+a few months of rest she gave several addresses in the churches of
+Minnesota and North Dakota, awakening interest in the cause she represented
+wherever she went. She so won the hearts of the young people that when she
+went back to China it was as the representative of the young women who
+formed the Standard Bearer Society of the Minneapolis branch of the Woman's
+Foreign Missionary Society.
+
+In the summer of 1903 a specialist pronounced her to be suffering from
+tuberculosis, and the next winter was spent in southern California in the
+hope that in that favourable climate she might be cured. Even here her
+eagerness to serve her people led her to do as much speaking as her
+physician would permit. But she was anxious to get to the work for which
+these years of preparation had been spent, and with hopeful and eager
+expectation she sailed for China on the S.S. _Siberia_, June 11, 1904.
+
+
+
+
+II
+
+AMONG HER OWN PEOPLE
+
+
+On her return to her own country, Anna began her work with great
+enthusiasm. The spirit with which she entered into it is shown in her
+report of the first year's work: "After six years of special preparation,
+for which I feel greatly indebted to my Master, it is a happy privilege to
+do what may be in my power to show Him my gratitude. The blessings I
+received from the hands of those who gave cheerfully for His sake, I will
+endeavour to pass on to others. During those years of absorption in study
+there were times when I was anxious for others to share with me the joy
+which comes from the Christian faith, but the real opportunity did not
+appear until last July when I returned to my home land. With gladness and
+thanksgiving I entered into the work already well and carefully organized
+by my senior missionaries."
+
+The evangelistic work for women, of which she was put in charge, offered a
+large and varied field for service. "The success which my sister has had
+in her profession gives me easy access to many classes of our people," she
+reported soon after her return. Among the hospital and dispensary patients
+she found one of her greatest opportunities. She was not only able to reach
+those who came for treatment, but through them she had access to their
+homes, and spent a large part of her time in visiting among them and in
+entertaining guests in her own home. "Many know of the hospital and of the
+lady physician, and come to see the work, and daily we cordially welcome
+such guests into our home," a letter reads. "There are times when I walk
+with my sister on the street, and the ladies call the doctor in. Thus I
+gain access to friendly homes."
+
+She was untiring in her efforts to fit herself to make use of every
+opportunity which presented itself, never regarding her preparation for
+service as completed, but always eager to learn any new thing which would
+help her. A letter written soon after beginning her work tells of one of
+the means by which she sought to increase her usefulness: "I think it is
+imperative for me to study something more of the Chinese classics. The
+little knowledge I have, God has helped me to use for His glory, and a
+knowledge of the classical sayings will enable me at least to approach the
+educated classes on a common ground, and to induce them to see that which
+they know not, from that which they do know."
+
+During her first year of work she had four Bible women associated with her
+who went out with her daily, conducting meetings for women in the two
+chapels which were under her direction, visiting in the homes, or talking
+to patients in the dispensary waiting room. One of her early letters reads:
+"I felt that these Bible women needed special hours for prayer and Bible
+study, in order to give out the Bread of Life to others. So arrangements
+were made to have at least two hours of study every Monday morning, and we
+have prayer together before planning to carry out the Lord's will in the
+week's work."
+
+In addition to this work she was given oversight of the two day schools for
+girls in Kiukiang. Of them she reported: "The teachers are trying to do
+their best, but many times I have wished that we could secure better
+educated women and have our day school standard advanced. The girls who can
+afford to go to school don't care to study the old Chinese books which
+these women are prepared to teach, so the better classes are not being
+touched by the Christian teachers. Those who have nothing special for the
+girls to do let them go to while away the time; then when tea picking time
+comes they leave the school. All can see that such work cannot be of any
+great value."
+
+Conditions of this sort were discouraging indeed, but she met the situation
+with characteristic courage, and added to her other duties the task of
+teaching a little music and English in these schools. The introduction of
+these subjects proved to be very successful in reviving the pupils'
+flagging interest. "The girls are more interested just now," a letter says,
+"because they have once a week a lesson in singing; formerly it was given
+on Saturday in our home, but experience soon taught me that this was an
+impossibility on account of the continuous callers and disturbances. I go
+now to each school once a week and teach them there. They also have a
+lesson in English during the week. It seems so strange to me that all
+people, old and young, male and female, are seeking a knowledge of
+English."
+
+She was quick to see, however, that the only permanently successful
+solution of the day school problem was in well-trained teachers. Her great
+desire was for "the day when day school teachers should be better qualified
+for their work, that they might draw pupils to school by their own
+knowledge." In the meantime she did all she could to add to the efficiency
+of the teachers she had. One of her letters tells of her efforts to help
+one of her discouraged assistants: "One of the teachers is very anxious and
+feels that she cannot teach the school. She spoke to me several times of
+her inability to keep the pupils' attention because of her own lack of
+knowledge. As we have no trained teachers to take her place I cannot spare
+her. Though she has not a good head she has a good Christian heart, so for
+the good of the school I have to keep her and give her a few lessons each
+week. It is doing her good and helping her to teach better."
+
+Again she reported the following year, "A special effort was made to throw
+away the old, parrot-like way of learning. As the teachers needed
+instruction as well as the pupils, sometimes, the text-books were taken
+away. The teachers were required to tell a story every day; and with the
+story a verse of the Scriptures, meant for a peg on which to hang the tale,
+was committed to memory by the girls. The teacher would write six easy
+characters each afternoon on the blackboard for the girls to copy before
+going home. Thus the girls learned how to listen, to memorize, and to
+write. Since the number of girls increases perceptibly when we have a
+little English I use it as a bait. By Miss Merrill's consent, help was
+secured from the boarding-school in teaching half an hour of English every
+day in the two city schools."
+
+In December of 1904, at the annual meeting of the Central China Methodist
+Mission, Miss Stone was given the entire charge of the Bible Women's
+Training School. A letter to a friend shows the keen delight with which she
+entered upon this new work: "I am enjoying the work very much," she wrote.
+"It seems so strange to me that these women are like my old friends. They
+are free and at home with me, and I can say already that I love them.... I
+wish you could be here just to look at them and see how willing they are to
+be taught." It was her desire to live in the school that she might share
+the life of the women outside of class hours, but after a few days' trial
+this proved too wearing, and the doctor insisted upon her giving it up,
+greatly to her own disappointment and that of the women.
+
+She was very eager that these women, all of whom were from families of
+small means, and were supported by scholarships while at the school, should
+do something towards meeting at least a part of their expenses. A few
+months after she had taken charge of the work she joyfully wrote Mrs.
+Joyce:
+
+    "An industrial department is actually started, and we have found it
+    helpful to a great many. We are not attempting fancy things, but we
+    strive to make useful articles and things that we use ourselves, or
+    for sale. So far we have made only babies' shoes, which we sold to
+    foreigners living at Kuling, and some hemstitched handkerchiefs,
+    and some plain knitting. Each one of them is given fifty cash a
+    month for spending money, and it will leave a good balance for the
+    school. They work from three to five P.M., so their studies are not
+    neglected thereby. This work means also a livelihood to a poor old
+    lady.... She was in the hospital for over three years, living on
+    the charity money the doctor earned. I felt that she could be more
+    useful and happy by teaching sewing, since she is a beautiful
+    needle worker, so the school boards her and gets her teaching for
+    the women. I have been quite happy in this work, because I feel the
+    women are learning self-respect and to look upon manual labour as
+    something honourable. I have a chance to tell them about the
+    American ideas, how American people despise begging but would work
+    with pride in any position, for an honest living."
+
+In the growth of the women she found her greatest joy. "The women are
+learning," she said in the same letter, "and I feel that God is making
+them zealous for the souls of others. I watch anxiously for improvements in
+their characters and two or three of them give me secret pleasure by their
+signs of unselfishness and spiritual growth."
+
+Another letter to Mrs. Joyce tells of the way in which the members of the
+Training School were given practical work in connection with their studies:
+"Every day I call upon the farther advanced pupils to work. Two go out with
+the girls to teach in the two day schools of the city, the other two take
+charge of the industrial work. So every afternoon they have two hours of
+work to do. On Sunday I send them to the two chapels in the morning and I
+go with the first two one week and with the other two the next week. On
+every Tuesday I send out all women except three, at three o'clock, to
+invite our neighbours to our class-meeting. The three who stay at home are
+to entertain those who come. Every Tuesday we get from twenty to forty
+outsiders to listen to the gospel. Yesterday afternoon several pupils told
+the guests how they learned to know the loving Father." One of her former
+teachers at Folts Institute, who visited her at this time, wrote that she
+knew not which to admire more, "the whole-souled devotion of the teacher,
+or that of the women students."
+
+Miss Stone's health did not permit her to do as much itinerant work as she
+desired, but in the summer of 1905, during the vacation of the Bible
+Women's Training School, she made a trip of some weeks, visiting every
+station in the district. Itinerating in China is a process worthy of its
+name, as all bedding, food, and housekeeping materials must be carried
+along. But Anna was feeling well, and the very day after the work of the
+Training School closed she and her mother set out. At every city she
+reported that they "had a very good opportunity to work among the women,"
+or that "many women showed a great interest in listening." Her father had
+been the first Christian preacher at one place which they visited, and had
+worked there for many years; another city was that in which the Stone's old
+family homestead was located, so she and her mother were sure of a welcome.
+"We had hardly any time to ourselves," she wrote. "So many people came to
+see us, and mistook me for my sister. Mother welcomed all callers and
+talked with them most of the time. Among these there were people from the
+opposite village who came over to destroy our house in 1900. I think they
+are quite ashamed of the act now."
+
+Busy as she was, meeting and talking to the people who everywhere came to
+greet her and her mother, Anna's mind was not so wholly occupied with the
+present that she was oblivious to the future. On her return she made
+several valuable suggestions for the development of the work in the various
+places, such as that the chapel in one city be moved to a more central
+location, that a vacant piece of property belonging to the mission would be
+an excellent site for a day school for girls, etc. "There ought to be a
+school in Whang Mai as a centre for women to work in," her report reads.
+"There are many women in that city who are friendly to the church.... When
+my parents were there there were quite a few women as members of the
+church, but now they don't come to church, because there is no woman to
+talk to them." She summed up the impressions of her trip in the words, "The
+trip opened my eyes to the fact that the harvest is 'truly plenteous' and
+the labourers are sadly few." At the same time her faith added, "But I am
+so glad to know that my Master is before us who are few in number."
+
+
+
+
+III
+
+THE POWER OF AN ENDLESS LIFE
+
+
+It is not surprising that with all her interests Anna Stone longed to live
+and make use of the unusual opportunities which she had received. "If God
+is willing I hope to work many years yet for Him," she wrote Mrs. Joyce
+after she had been back in China a few months; and at the end of her second
+year's work she said: "There are many things for which I am very thankful
+in the past year, but perhaps the greatest was the joy in knowing that my
+Heavenly Father has really allowed me a share of work.... I don't remember
+that there were many days of work neglected because of ill health."
+
+It was indeed remarkable that she was able to do as much as she did. One
+who saw her in her work writes of the untiring enthusiasm and activity with
+which she gave herself to it: "Her work was her very life. She talked to me
+of her plans for the woman's school, and of her great desire to see a
+revival here in the schools. I am sure you know of her work last summer
+when the missionaries were all away--how, feeling that it was a mistake
+that the native Christians should be without the helps of divine worship
+and the weekly prayer meeting, she, with her sister's help, opened the
+church and held services all through the hot summer, _doing the preaching
+herself_ and thus holding the people together. I never met any one at home
+or here whose whole soul was more on fire with a burning desire to win
+souls than was Anna Stone's, and I have met a large number of prominent
+workers in my work at home. She undoubtedly realized that her time was very
+short and she must work all the time while she had strength. Her work was
+not only in the school ... but she was at work in the day schools and
+boarding schools, in the church, in the league, in the visitation, in the
+hospital--everywhere where her life was able to touch others; and one felt
+the influence of the Holy Spirit whenever in merest conversation with the
+girl. That happy smile and merry laugh that so won the hearts of the people
+at home were bestowed upon every one here, and I do not wonder she was able
+to reach hearts where others failed."
+
+Her enthusiasm for her work doubtless made it hard not only for her to
+measure her own strength, but also for others to estimate it. But toward
+the close of the summer of 1905 it became evident to all, even to herself,
+that she had been overtaxing herself and must lighten her work. "Sister
+makes me take beef juice, milk, and bread and butter," she said in a letter
+to Mrs. Joyce. "Everybody tells me I am thin, but I am doing my best to get
+fat. Every afternoon I devote all the time to get well. I sleep after
+dinner, then go out riding for fresh air, so you see your little girl does
+live high and extravagantly."
+
+During this summer she received news of the serious illness of her friend
+and foster-father, Bishop Joyce. This was a great source of anxiety and
+sorrow to her. "How I wish I had means to go right to his dear presence to
+tell him how I revere and love him for what he has done for me, and for
+what he is to the world," she wrote his wife. "I envy I-lien's privilege of
+being there. It must be a great comfort to be able to put one's heart-full
+of love and sympathy into little services that he may need at this time."
+
+The death of this true friend was a great grief to her, both on her own
+account and because of the sorrow it brought to the family which she so
+loved. "I loved Bishop as I did my own father," she said in a letter to
+Mrs. Joyce. "Now I rejoice for both of them because they have heard the
+Master's 'Well done, good and faithful servant.'" Then she added, "I will
+ask him to ask the Master to let me work a little longer on earth. Of
+course if he sees the reason why I shouldn't he will not do it."
+
+[Illustration: The Anna Stone Memorial]
+
+For a time it seemed as if her desire were to be granted, for when autumn
+came she was able to open the Women's School at the usual time, and to
+teach in it each morning. By keeping the afternoons free for rest she
+gained so much that she could write: "I feel very grateful for my health. I
+am up every day for my work. It is a busy life, but a very happy one." Dr.
+Stone had decided in the autumn that unless Anna gained a great deal within
+the next few weeks she would send her to the mountains for the winter, in
+the hope that the dry air would help her. But, as she said, "Anna hates to
+hear us talk about it because she does not want to leave her pet work." And
+Anna soon seemed so much stronger that the doctor did not insist on her
+going.
+
+Anna wrote happily of the Christmas exercises in the school. "The women for
+the first time attempted to have a public programme for the happy season.
+They had a dialogue, three new songs, and acted out shepherds in the night
+watch and Herod in his trouble. Then they had a tree on which were little
+fancy trinkets which the women made for their friends. They had a joyous
+time because they worked for it." She carried the work until the Chinese
+New Year vacation, which began about the middle of January, and then
+dismissed the school for the vacation period, full of hopes and plans for
+the new term, for which she felt that the month's rest would prepare her.
+Special services were held in the church during the New Year vacation and
+Anna saved her strength that she might sing at the evening meetings. She
+herself led the closing service. One who was there says, "The native church
+will not quickly forget her clear and beautiful testimonies."
+
+But her strength was not equal even to these tasks. Early in February she
+had a severe hemorrhage from her lungs, from which it seemed as if she
+could not rally. She felt this herself and said to Dr. Stone, with a brave
+smile, "Sister, I am going. This is in answer to prayer, for I do not want
+to linger on and endanger all of your lives." This attack was followed by
+pleurisy, and for ten days of severe suffering her life hung by a very
+slender thread. A fellow-worker wrote at this time: "She is bright and
+happy, although fully expecting to go. She has been so enthusiastic in her
+work, and always so cheerful, that she has often gone beyond her strength.
+I think that she has been failing more than we who daily watch her have
+realized. We feel that we cannot let her go, but it is not for us to say.
+Since she would rather go to God than stay and not be able to carry on her
+work, we can only pray 'The will of God be done.'"
+
+Once more, however, she showed the elasticity which had made it so hard for
+her friends to realize the true state of her health, and for a few weeks
+seemed to improve. As life returned she began to hope that she might again
+be able to take up her work, and for a time the eagerness to work was so
+strong that she dreaded the thought of death. As the days passed and
+strength did not come, she was troubled to understand why, when the need
+was so great and the workers so few, she who so longed to work, should not
+be permitted to do so. She said to Dr. Stone one day: "Sister, I have just
+prepared myself to work, so much has been spent on me that I want to live
+at least fifteen years to pass on some of my blessings to others. I am so
+young, and our home life has been just beautiful. I am not anxious to give
+it up so soon. I have great hopes of the Training School. I love the
+women. I want to take a whole class through a course of training and then
+leave them with my work. I want to see them well established in their work,
+and a new school building put up well worthy of the name. Above all I want
+to see our native church thoroughly roused by the Holy Spirit, and a
+self-supporting church started."
+
+One of the missionaries wrote afterward: "I wish you might have known what
+a comfort Dr. Stone was to her through all those dark hours, carrying her
+own burden constantly in her heart and yet bravely helping Anna to bear
+hers. And Anna on her side was just as brave, for she suffered intense pain
+through her illness, but constantly fought down every expression of it."
+
+Anna's lifelong love for the will of God was so strong that she could not
+fail to love it to the end, and the struggle was soon succeeded by complete
+victory and peace. Her sister wrote Mrs. Joyce after she had gone: "She did
+not know why, when so much had been done for her and she was so willing to
+do any service unto the Lord, she should not be spared, and given a healthy
+body for the work that seemed to be so much in need of workers. But she
+said she was willing to go if it was the Lord's will, and she wanted people
+to know that she loved to obey God mare than she desired her own life....
+She said she was perfectly willing to go, only she had wanted to work a
+little longer."
+
+Her brief struggle passed, her thought was all for others. She often spoke
+of the women for whom she had been working, and begged her sister to look
+after them and keep them from going back to the old ways; and in delirium
+she pleaded with one and another of them. She sent messages of love to
+those who were not with her, some of them being on the other side of the
+ocean, and sought to lighten the grief of those around her who so longed to
+keep her with them. "Do not grieve for me," she comforted her sister.
+"Think of me as you used to think of me when I was in America, only I shall
+be in a more beautiful place." Three days before her death she gave
+explicit directions about her funeral, wishing that everything in the
+Chinese funeral rites which savoured at all of non-Christian religions
+might be eliminated, that in her death, as in her life, she might witness
+clearly and unmistakably to her loyalty to Christ.
+
+When the last call finally came, on the sixteenth of March, it found her
+ready and glad to respond. She told her sister that she had heard the
+beautiful music and seen the great light and wanted to go. "That evening,"
+reads a letter from one of her co-workers, "we missionaries all gathered in
+the reception hall of their little house, together with her relatives and
+more intimate friends. It was one of the most touching scenes I have ever
+witnessed, for we were all drawn together by the bond of grief over the
+loss of one we loved."
+
+Although, in accordance with Anna's wishes, her funeral was conducted with
+the utmost simplicity, the funeral procession caused universal comment. One
+of the missionaries describes the scene: "As the procession of almost forty
+chairs passed down the street all stopped to watch it pass, and despite the
+unrest due to the recent riots at Nanchang, we heard nothing but kindly
+remarks. The fact that foreigners were following one of their own people to
+the grave, paying the Chinese girl the honour they would have shown to a
+great man among themselves, seemed to impress the Chinese in a peculiar
+way."
+
+Another writes: "During the day the neighbours, Christian and non-Christian
+alike, came to pay their respects.... A very large company of people
+attended the funeral, including a number of missionaries of other
+denominations. There was a procession of forty sedan chairs to the
+Christian cemetery, which is about two miles beyond the East Gate. For the
+half mile from the home to the city gate both sides of the street were
+lined with people, who stood quietly and respectfully while we passed. The
+absence of the numerous heathen symbols, and of any cover for the casket
+save the floral tributes, was observed; and the fact that even the
+foreigners had their chairs draped with white, 'just like us Chinese,' was
+also noted. An English gentleman from the foreign concession, who was to
+pay a call on the captain of one of the war vessels the next morning, said,
+'I shall tell him that I have witnessed a procession to-day which will do
+more to bring peace and harmony between the Chinese and foreigners than all
+the war vessels will do.'"
+
+Measured by years, Anna Stone's life was short. Measured by the time which
+she was enabled to give to her work after her return to China, her service
+was brief. Almost all her life had been given to preparation for service,
+and it may seem as if she had hardly begun her life work when she was
+bidden to lay it down for the richer service of another life. But if to be
+is more than to do, and if Anna Stone's life be measured by what it was,
+rather than by achievements which could be recorded, we must count her
+years of service to have been many. Through all the years of preparation
+for her work she was, in fact, serving in the truest sense, through what
+she was. Bishop Joyce often said that her presence in the home was a
+benediction. One who had close contact with her work pays the following
+tribute:
+
+    "Hers was a rare character. So simple, unaffected, and tender and
+    yet withal so strong. Like the blameless knight of old, 'her
+    strength was as the strength of ten because her heart was pure.'
+    Gifted with a winsome personality, and a voice of great sweetness,
+    she literally sang her way into the hearts of all who heard her,
+    while the illumination of her life 'hid with Christ in God'
+    particularly impressed those who saw in her a product of the
+    missionary enterprise of our church. All who came within the
+    influence of her radiant presence were the better for it."
+
+Her life was an inspiration to people in Christian America. She once said
+while here: "Since coming to America the greatest wonder to me has been how
+any one can live in this country and yet not be a Christian. If I had not
+given myself to God it would be the first thing I would do. But thank God
+He has _me_ off His mind. I am His child and I will love and serve Him all
+my days." One woman who heard her sing asked, "Why do you let her go back?
+We need her right here to help us. I never felt so near Christ as when I
+heard this Chinese girl sing, 'And I shall see Him face to face,' for the
+light of her vision shone from her eyes. I knew that she saw what she was
+singing about." Another wrote, when the news of her death came, "Of Anna
+Stone it can truthfully be said, 'None knew her but to love her.'...
+Wherever she mingled with people she drew them not only to herself, but to
+Christ. Eternity alone will reveal the many souls won to a Christian life
+through her influence."
+
+At the annual meeting of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, held a few
+months after Anna Stone's death, the following resolution was unanimously
+adopted: "Resolved: That in memory of our dear Chinese girl, Anna Stone, we
+recall to your thought these words, applied to her by one who knew her
+well:
+
+    'And half we deemed she needed not
+    The changing of her sphere
+    To give to heaven a shining one
+    Who walked an angel here.'"
+
+Her life was a blessing to people in her own great country. Her sister
+wrote: "I am so thankful that she returned and spent about two years
+working for our own people. When I saw how much she was loved by the women
+and girls here I knew her short time with us had not been spent in vain." A
+letter from another Kiukiang worker says: "We felt when Miss Stone was
+taken from the Women's School that indeed its light and glory had departed.
+Her influence and life among the women will never be forgotten. Her
+gentleness, sweetness of spirit, and unselfishness, won a place in our
+hearts, and made us feel that we had caught a glimpse of the Master. Among
+her fellow-workers and her own people, she was universally beloved."
+
+Miss Hughes, who was later appointed to take up the work which Anna had
+laid down, wrote in a letter to Mrs. Joyce: "I don't think any one will
+ever be able to tell you what a vacancy there is in Kiukiang since that
+little girl was taken from us. I was not in China any length of time before
+I, personally, realized something of the influence of her life. Her spirit
+of beautiful, consecrated young womanhood that so impressed every one at
+home seemed intensified when I saw her in the fall upon my arrival." Miss
+Hughes went on to tell of an incident which revealed what was doubtless one
+of the great sources of the power of the life that was so short in years.
+She says:
+
+    "I think nothing that I have heard of Anna Stone's life speaks more
+    clearly of the depth of real self-abnegation,--perfect obliteration
+    of self, in fact--and the secret of her power in winning souls
+    where others failed to win, than this story I am now to tell you.
+    Several years ago, before Anna returned home from America, an old
+    woman about sixty-four years of age, was engaged to do sewing for
+    Dr. Stone from time to time. The woman was a widow with one son,
+    who was an opium fiend in every sense of the word. He was unable to
+    work, and deprived his mother of all the comforts, and often of the
+    necessities of life, that he might buy opium."
+
+    "One day the old woman was taken ill, and while ill, her son
+    carried off the only clothes the old mother had (she slept with her
+    clothes spread on top of the bed-clothes as you know is the custom
+    in China), and sold them for the miserable drug. The mother
+    appealed to Dr. Stone, who took her, in her helpless, sick
+    condition, into the hospital. As she grew well, she stayed on,
+    doing such sewing as she could for her board, and in the hospital
+    she heard for the first time of the 'Jesus doctrine.' Her hungry
+    heart opened to the truth and she wanted to learn to read the
+    Bible."
+
+    "One day, however, she came to the doctor and asked her if she
+    thought if they prayed to God, He would save her son from his
+    dreadful life. The doctor talked with her and found that the old
+    woman was full of faith that it could be done. So they prayed about
+    it, and a little while after, Dr. Stone gave the old woman money to
+    take her son to the hospital for men in the city here and have the
+    habit broken off. But the mother, instead of giving the man into
+    the care of the authorities, and paying for his treatment herself,
+    gave the money to the man, and he used it all in opium, being in a
+    worse condition than ever."
+
+    "Some time later, due to the lack of funds, the hospital had to be
+    closed for some time, but when it was reopened, the old mother
+    pleaded that the son should be taken on as a coolie to work for his
+    keep, and thus be out of temptation's way. He had been supplied
+    again with money and put into the hospital, from which he came out
+    apparently cured, but fell again. The plan for him to come to the
+    hospital seemed to the doctor a rather dangerous one, for the man
+    was a positive good-for-nothing. But in the meantime Anna had
+    returned from America, and was, with her sister, willing to try
+    him; for it seemed his last chance, and the mother had begged so
+    hard for him. So he came to the hospital--a poor wretch, indeed,
+    weak as a little child from the awful life he had lived."
+
+    "All opium was out of his reach here, and in a few days the absence
+    of it showed by dreadful swelling of the limbs. He could not carry
+    the smallest weight without great exertion, and the case seemed
+    almost hopeless. But he gradually was broken from the use of the
+    drug and was able to work about the place. Anna was using a sedan
+    chair for her itinerating work, but she was so light that the
+    coolies jolted her a great deal and hurt her; so she got her
+    'ricksha, and chose this poor wretch of a fellow, as her personal
+    body-servant. When she went out on her evangelistic work, she had
+    her mother with her, as you know, and this coolie went along
+    drawing the 'ricksha. He became very devoted to her, and very
+    carefully cared for her. When she had her meals with her mother,
+    she had this coolie eat with her, lest he go off and get hold of
+    opium. He is a very weak, easily led fellow, as you will have
+    judged, and Anna felt his one safety was in keeping with them all
+    the time. Little by little, the fellow straightened up and became
+    stronger and able to do a respectable amount of work."
+
+    "Meantime Anna was teaching him, as she had opportunity, about
+    Christ. Finally last New Year's Eve, at the watch-night service led
+    by Anna herself, among those who openly took their stand for
+    Christ, was this poor fellow. As far as we know he has led a
+    straight life ever since. He is still working about the hospital
+    and there is no sign of the old dissipation. When Anna left us a
+    few weeks ago, the man's grief was great, and it was this old
+    'body-guard' who sat up all night the one night after the coffin
+    was sealed and remained in the house. The old mother at
+    sixty-seven years of age has learned to read the Bible and is a
+    very earnest Christian."
+
+    "I wish I could tell you how it impressed me as Dr. Stone told of
+    the efforts of Anna to win that poor wretch of a fellow to Christ.
+    There wasn't a thing attractive about him, in fact, just the
+    opposite; but she saw that there was a soul there to save, and with
+    no apparent thought of herself, no shrinking from a man of his
+    type, she, with the true spirit of the Lord she so closely
+    followed, bent every effort to save him from the thing that had
+    cursed his own and his mother's life. I think I have never heard
+    anything more beautiful than this story of Anna, who with all the
+    delicacy of her nature, her pure, sweet womanhood, her love of the
+    refined that always marked her, and her keen sensitiveness to the
+    niceties of life, laid all, as a sacrifice to her Lord, in the
+    background, and had at the same board with herself and her mother,
+    that miserable man, thus helping him to fight the enemy of his soul
+    and body."
+
+Her Master's work was indeed everything, and self was nothing to Anna
+Stone. She once said in a letter to Mrs. Joyce, "It has been a grief to my
+heart not to have seen more people who have means to support themselves
+come out to work for China. I am hoping to find some means by which to
+support myself without getting pay from the society, to let others know
+that I am not working for money, but for the love of God which is in my
+heart."
+
+The influence of this young Chinese girl is but another witness to "the
+power of an endless life." She lives to-day in those whom she has inspired,
+and who seek to be as true as she.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notable Women Of Modern China
+by Margaret E. Burton
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+
+Project Gutenberg's Notable Women Of Modern China, by Margaret E. Burton
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notable Women Of Modern China
+
+Author: Margaret E. Burton
+
+Release Date: December 28, 2004 [EBook #14492]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTABLE WOMEN OF MODERN CHINA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Michelle Croyle, Elaine Walker and the PG Online
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+</pre>
+
+<p></p>
+<h1><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1" />Notable Women of Modern China</h1>
+
+<h2 class='smcap'>By MARGARET E. BURTON<a name="Page_2" id="Page_2" /></h2>
+
+
+<p><i>Notable Women of Modern China</i></p>
+
+<p class='blockquot'>Illustrated, 12mo, cloth. Net $1.25</p>
+
+<p>The author's earlier work on the general subject of Women's Education in
+China, indicates her ability to treat with peculiar interest and
+discernment the characters making up this volume of striking biographies.
+If these women are types to be followed by a great company of like
+aspirations the future of a nation is assured.</p>
+
+
+<p><i>The Education of Women in China</i></p>
+
+<p class='blockquot'>Illustrated, 12mo, cloth. Net $1.25</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Thrilling is a strong word, but not too strong to be used in connection
+with <i>The Education of Women in China</i>. To many it will prove a revealing
+book and doubtless to all, even those well-informed upon the present
+condition of women. Miss Burton's book will interest all the reading
+public.&quot;&mdash;<span class='smcap'>Christian Advocate</span>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3" /></p><div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<a href="images/img01.jpg"><img src="images/img01_th.jpg" width="400" height="627" alt="Dr. H&uuml; King Eng at the Time of Her Graduation from the Medical College" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>Dr. H&uuml; King Eng at the Time of Her Graduation from the Medical College</b>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4" />Notable Women of Modern China</h2>
+
+<h4>By</h4>
+
+<h3>MARGARET E. BURTON</h3>
+
+<h5>AUTHOR OF</h5>
+
+<h5>&quot;THE EDUCATION OF WOMEN IN CHINA&quot;</h5>
+
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr class='smcap'><td align='left'>New York</td><td align='left'>Chicago</td><td align='left'>Toronto</td></tr></table>
+
+
+<h4>Fleming H. Revell Company</h4>
+
+<h5 class='smcap'>London And Edinburgh</h5>
+
+<p class="center"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5" />Copyright, 1912, by<br />
+FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY</p>
+<table><tr><td>
+<p> New York: 158 Fifth Avenue<br />
+Chicago: 125 N. Wabash Ave.<br />
+Toronto: 25 Richmond St., W.<br />
+London: 21 Paternoster Square<br />
+Edinburgh: 100 Princes Street<br />
+<a name="Page_6" id="Page_6" /></p>
+</td></tr></table>
+<hr />
+<h3>TO MY FRIEND<br />
+GRACE COPPOCK<br />
+WHO TAUGHT ME TO KNOW AND LOVE<br />
+THE WOMEN OF CHINA</h3>
+
+
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7" />Preface</h2>
+
+
+<p>During a stay of some months in China in the year of 1909, I had an
+opportunity to see something of the educational work for women, and to meet
+several of the educated women of that interesting country. I was greatly
+impressed, both by the excellent work done by the students in the schools,
+and by the useful, efficient lives of those who had completed their course
+of study. When I returned to America, and spoke of some of the things which
+the educated women of China were doing, I found that many people were
+greatly surprised to learn that Chinese women were capable of such
+achievements. It occurred to me, therefore, that it might be worth while to
+put the stories of a few of these women into a form which would make them
+accessible to the public.</p>
+
+<p>It will be noted that the majority of the women of whose work I have
+written received a part of their education in America. My reason for
+selecting these women is not because those whose training has been received
+wholly in China are not doing equally good work, but because it is
+difficult to gather defi<a name="Page_8" id="Page_8" />nite information in regard to the women whose
+lives have been spent entirely in their native country. The fact that most
+of the biographies in this book are of women in professional life is due to
+the same cause. The great aim of the girls' schools in China is, rightly,
+to furnish such training as shall prepare their students to be worthy wives
+and mothers, and the large majority of those who attend the schools find
+their highest subsequent usefulness in the home. But in China, as in other
+countries, the life of the woman in the home remains, for the most part,
+unwritten.</p>
+
+<p>I have therefore told the stories of the women concerning whose work I have
+been able to obtain definite information, believing that they fairly
+represent the educated women of China who, wherever their education has
+been received, and in whatever sphere it is being used, are ably and
+bravely playing an important part in the moulding of the great new China.</p>
+
+<p>For much of the material for these sketches I am indebted to friends of the
+women of whom I have written. To all such my hearty thanks are due. For
+personal reminiscences, letters, and photographs, I am most grateful.</p>
+
+<p class='blockquot'>M. E. B.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9" />Contents</h2>
+
+
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+  <tr>
+    <td colspan="3" align='left'>DR. H&Uuml; KING ENG</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>I.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>Childhood in a Christian Home</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href='#Page_15'>15</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>II.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>Education in China and America</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href='#Page_23'>23</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>III.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>Beginning Medical Work in China</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href='#Page_39'>39</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>IV.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>The Beloved Physician</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href='#Page_44'>44</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>V.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>The Favour of the People</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href='#Page_58'>58</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='left' colspan="3">MRS. AHOK</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>I.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>The Mistress of a Home of Wealth</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href='#Page_73'>73</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>II.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>Work Among the Women of the Upper Classes</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href='#Page_82'>82</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>III.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>A Journey to England</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href='#Page_90'>90</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>IV.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>Patient in Tribulation</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href='#Page_101'>101</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='left' colspan="3">DR. IDA KAHN</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>I.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>Childhood in Three Countries</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href='#Page_115'>115</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>II.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>At the University of Michigan</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href='#Page_121'>121</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>III.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>Seven Years in Kiukiang</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href='#Page_126'>126</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>IV.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>Pioneer Work in Nanchang</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href='#Page_140'>140</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='left' colspan="3">DR. MARY STONE</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>I.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>With Unbound Feet</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href='#Page_161'>161</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>II.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>The Danforth Memorial Hospital</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href='#Page_169'>169</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>III.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>Winning Friends in America</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href='#Page_183'>183</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>IV.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>A Versatile Woman</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href="#Page_190">190</a><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10" /></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='left' colspan="2">YU KULIANG</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href='#Page_221'>221</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='left' colspan="3">ANNA STONE</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>I.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>Eager for Education</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href='#Page_233'>233</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>II.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>Among Her Own People</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href='#Page_244'>244</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>III.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'>The Power of an Endless Life</td>
+    <td align='right'><a href='#Page_254'>254</a></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h2><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11" />Illustrations</h2>
+
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+
+
+<tr><td align='left'>Dr. H&uuml; King Eng at the Time of Her Graduation from the Medical College</td>
+    <td align='right'><i><a href="#Page_3">Frontispiece</a></i></td>
+  </tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>Dr. H&uuml;'s Medical Students</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_41'>41</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>Dr. H&uuml;'s Christmas Party</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_61'>61</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>Mrs. Ahok and Her Two Granddaughters</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_73'>73</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>Reception Rooms in Chinese Homes of Wealth</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_83'>83</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>Dr. Ida Kahn</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_115'>115</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>A Nurse in Dr. Kahn's Hospital</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_138'>138</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>One of Dr. Kahn's Guests</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_141'>141</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>A Village Crowd</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_141'>141</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>Dr. Mary Stone</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_161'>161</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial Hospital, Kiukiang, China</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_172'>172</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>Dr. Stone, Dr. Kahn, and Five of the Hospital Nurses</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_174'>174</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>General Ward of the Danforth Memorial Hospital</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_182'>182</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>Nurses of the Danforth Memorial Hospital</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_192'>192</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>Yu Kuliang</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_221'>221</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>Anna Stone</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_233'>233</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>The Anna Stone Memorial</td><td align='right'><a href='#Page_257'>257</a></td></tr></table>
+
+<p><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12" /><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13" />
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3> DR. H&Uuml; KING ENG</h3>
+<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3">
+  <tr>
+    <td align="right">I.</td>
+    <td class="smcap"><a href="#Page_15">Childhood in a Christian Home</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="right">II.</td>
+    <td class="smcap"><a href="#Page_23">Education in China and America</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="right">III. </td>
+    <td class="smcap"><a href="#Page_39">Beginning Medical Work in China</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="right">IV.</td>
+    <td class="smcap"> <a href="#Page_44">The Beloved Physician</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="right"> V.</td>
+    <td class="smcap"><a href="#Page_58">The Favour of the People</a></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14" /><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15" />DR.
+  H&Uuml; KING ENG</h2>
+
+<h3>I</h3>
+
+<h3>CHILDHOOD IN A CHRISTIAN HOME</h3>
+
+
+<p>Among the earliest converts to Christianity in South China was H&uuml; Yong Mi,
+the son of a military mandarin of Foochow. He had been a very devout
+Buddhist, whose struggles after spiritual peace, and whose efforts to
+obtain it through fasting, sacrifice, earnest study, and the most
+scrupulous obedience to all the forms of Buddhist worship, remind one
+strongly of the experiences of Saul of Tarsus. Like Saul too, H&uuml; Yong Mi
+was, before his conversion, a vigorous and sincere opponent of
+Christianity. When his older brother became a Christian, H&uuml; Yong Mi felt
+that his casting away of idols and abolishing of ancestral worship were
+crimes of such magnitude that the entire family &quot;ought all with one heart
+to beat the drum and drive him from the house.&quot; He tells of finding a copy
+of the Bible in his father's bookcase one day, and how, in sudden rage, he
+tore it to pieces and <a name="Page_16" id="Page_16" />threw the fragments on the floor, and then, not
+satisfied with destroying the book, wished that he had some sharp implement
+with which to cut out &quot;the hated name Ya-su, which stared from the
+mutilated pages.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>But when, through the efforts of the very brother whom he had persecuted,
+he too came to recognize the truth of Christianity, he became as devoted
+and tireless a worker for his Lord as was Paul the apostle, preaching in
+season and out of season, first as a layman, afterwards as an ordained
+minister of the Methodist Church. His work often led him to isolated and
+difficult fields; he was &quot;in journeyings often, in perils of rivers, in
+perils of robbers, in perils from his countrymen, in perils in the city, in
+perils in the wilderness.&quot; But, alike in toil and persecution, he remained
+steadfast.</p>
+
+<p>He was made a presiding elder at the time of the organization of the
+Foochow Conference in 1877, and from that time until his death, in 1893, he
+was, in the words of one of the missionaries of that district, &quot;a pillar of
+strength in the church in China, because of his piety and wisdom and his
+literary ability, having, withal, an eloquent tongue which in the ardour of
+pulpit oratory gave to his fine six-foot physique a princely bearing.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17" />A striking testimony to the power and beauty of this Christian man's
+character is a picture, painted by a Chinese artist, an old man over eighty
+years of age. This man was not a Christian, but after hearing Mr. H&uuml;'s
+preaching, and watching his consecrated life, he embodied in a painting his
+conception of the power of the &quot;Cross Doctrine&quot; as he knew it through H&uuml;
+Yong Mi. The picture, which is five feet long and nearly three wide, and is
+finely executed in water colours, was presented to Mr. H&uuml; by the artist. At
+first glance its central figure seems to be a tree, under which is a man
+reading from a book. Lower down are some rocks. But looking again one sees
+that the tree is a cross, and that in the rocks are plain semblances of
+human faces, more or less perfect, all turned toward the cross. The thought
+which the artist wished to express was that the &quot;Cross Doctrine,&quot; as
+preached and lived by such as H&uuml; Yong Mi, would turn even rocks into human
+beings.</p>
+
+<p>The wife of H&uuml; Yong Mi was brought up in a home of wealth and rank in
+Foochow. Her aristocratic birth was manifested by the size of her tiny
+embroidered shoe, which measured exactly three inches. When H&uuml; Yong Mi was
+asked by the missionaries to become a minister, he was somewhat dismayed to
+learn that <a name="Page_18" id="Page_18" />in the Methodist Church the minister's family must frequently
+move from place to place. In his own words, &quot;The Chinese greatly esteem the
+place of their birth; if a man goes abroad it is considered a matter of
+affliction; for a family to move is an almost unheard of calamity.&quot; He
+replied, however, that although he had not known of the existence of the
+custom, he was entirely willing, for Christ's sake, to undertake the work
+of a minister in spite of it. The missionaries then asked if his wife would
+be willing to go with him. He answered that he could not tell until he went
+home and asked her. But when he had talked the matter over with her, this
+dainty, high-class lady replied, &quot;It matters not to what place; if you are
+willing to go, I will go with you.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Within a few weeks they left Foochow to work among their first
+parishioners, a people who might well have caused the hearts of the young
+pastor and his wife to fail, for H&uuml; Yong Mi says of them: &quot;In front of
+their houses I saw piles of refuse, and filthy ditches. Within, all was
+very dirty&mdash;pigs, cattle, fowls, sheep, all together in the one house. Not
+a chair was there to sit on. All went out to work in the fields. They had
+no leisure to comb hair or wash faces.... None knew how to read the Chinese
+characters. Some <a name="Page_19" id="Page_19" />held their books upside down; some mistook a whole column
+for one character.&quot; Mrs. H&uuml; and the children were very ill with malarial
+fever while in this place, but in spite of all their hardships, a good work
+was done.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. H&uuml; was as earnest a worker among the women as was her husband among
+the men, telling the good news to those who had never heard it, and
+strengthening her fellow-Christians. Many a programme of the Foochow
+Women's Conference bears the name of Mrs. H&uuml; Yong Mi, for she could give
+addresses and read papers which were an inspiration to missionaries and
+Chinese alike. Her friend, Mrs. Sites, has written especially of her
+influence on the women whose lives she touched: &quot;In the stations where the
+Methodist itinerancy sent Rev. H&uuml; Yong Mi, this Christian household was
+something of a curiosity. The neighbouring women often called 'to see' in
+companies of three to twenty or more, and Mr. H&uuml; expected his wife and
+children to preach the gospel to them just as faithfully as he did from the
+pulpit. There are many hundreds of Chinese women to whom this lovely
+Christian mother and little daughters gave the first knowledge of Christ
+and heaven.&quot; The same friend says of this wife and mother, &quot;In privations
+oft, and in perse<a name="Page_20" id="Page_20" />cutions beyond the power of pen to narrate, she has
+become a model woman among her people.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>In 1865, not long after a period of severe persecution, and while their
+hearts were saddened by the recent death of their little daughter, Hiong
+Kwang, another baby girl was born to Mr. and Mrs. H&uuml;, and named Precious
+Peace, the Chinese for which is King Eng. Born of such parents, and growing
+up in such an environment, it is perhaps not surprising that unselfishness,
+steadfastness of purpose, and courage, both physical and moral, should be
+among the most prominent characteristics of H&uuml; King Eng. One of the
+clearest memories of her childhood is of lying in bed night after night,
+listening to the murmur of her father's voice as he talked to someone who
+was interested in learning of the &quot;Jesus way,&quot; and hearing the crash of
+stones and brickbats, the hurling of which through the doors and windows
+was too frequent an occurrence to interrupt these quiet talks.</p>
+
+<p>Of course little King Eng's feet were bound, as were the feet of every
+other little girl of good family. But the binding process had scarcely
+begun when her father became convinced that this universal and ancient
+custom was a wrong one. He accordingly made the <a name="Page_21" id="Page_21" />brave decision,
+unprecedented in that section of the country, that his daughters should
+have natural feet, and the bandages were taken off. This proceeding was
+viewed with great disapproval by his small daughter, for while it freed her
+from physical pain, her unbound feet were the source of constant comment
+and ridicule, far more galling to the sensitive child than the tight
+bandages had been. Now, an ardent advocate of natural feet, she often tells
+of her trials as a pioneer of the movement in Fuhkien province. &quot;That I
+have the distinction of being the first girl who did not have her feet
+bound, is due to no effort of mine,&quot; she says, &quot;for the neighbour women
+used to say, 'Rather a nice girl, but those feet!' 'Rather a bright girl,
+but those feet,' and 'Those feet,' 'Those feet' was all I heard, until I
+was ashamed to be seen.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Finally her mother, who did not wholly share her husband's view of the
+matter, took advantage of his absence from home, and replaced the bandages.
+When she would ask, &quot;Can you stand them a little tighter?&quot; the little
+devotee to the stern mandates of fashion and custom invariably replied,
+&quot;Yes, mother, a little tighter&quot;; for was she not going to be a lady and not
+hear &quot;those feet,&quot; &quot;those feet&quot; any more! But when her father came home <a name="Page_22" id="Page_22" />he
+had a long and serious talk with his wife about foot-binding, and off came
+the bandages again. Later the little girl went on a visit to a relative,
+who was greatly horrified at her large feet, and took it upon herself to
+bind them again, to the child's great delight. It was with an immense sense
+of her importance that she came hobbling home, supported on each side. Her
+mother was ill in bed at the time, but greatly to King Eng's
+disappointment, instead of being pleased, she bade her take the bandages
+off and burn them, and never replace them. To the child's plea that people
+were all saying &quot;those feet,&quot; &quot;those feet,&quot; until she was ashamed to meet
+any one, Mrs. H&uuml; replied, &quot;Tell them bound-footed girls never enter the
+emperor's palace.&quot; &quot;And that,&quot; says Dr. H&uuml;, &quot;put a quietus on 'those feet,'
+and when I learned that all the world did not have bound feet I became more
+reconciled.&quot;</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23" />II</h3>
+
+<h3>EDUCATION IN CHINA AND AMERICA</h3>
+
+
+<p>When she was old enough, King Eng became a pupil in the Foochow Boarding
+School for Girls, where she did good work as a student. No musical teaching
+was given in the school at that time, but King Eng was so eager to learn to
+play that the wife of one of the missionaries gave her lessons on her own
+organ. Her ability to play may have been one of the causes which led to the
+framing of a remarkable and eloquent appeal for the higher education of the
+Chinese girls, which should include music and English, sent in 1883 by the
+native pastors of Foochow and vicinity to the General Executive Committee
+of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal
+Church, under whose auspices this school was carried on.</p>
+
+<p>To the same committee there came at the same time another remarkable
+request, this one from Dr. Trask, then in charge of the Foo<a name="Page_24" id="Page_24" />chow Woman's
+Hospital. After leaving boarding school King Eng had been a student in the
+hospital, and Dr. Trask had become so much impressed with her adaptability
+to medical work, and her sympathetic spirit toward the suffering, that she
+longed to have her receive the advantages of a more thorough education than
+could be given her in Foochow. She accordingly wrote to the Executive
+Committee of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, speaking in the
+highest terms of H&uuml; King Eng's ability and character, and urging that
+arrangements be made to bring her to America, to remain ten years if
+necessary, &quot;that she might go back qualified to lift the womanhood of China
+to a higher plane, and able to superintend the medical work.&quot; She assured
+the committee that they would find that the results would justify them in
+doing this, and that none knew King Eng but to love her. Arrangements were
+soon made, largely through Mrs. Keen, secretary of the Philadelphia branch
+of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, and word was sent to Foochow
+that Dr. Trask's request had been approved.</p>
+
+<p>This word found H&uuml; King Eng ready to accept the opportunity which it
+offered her. It had not been easy for this young girl, only eighteen years
+old, to decide to leave her home <a name="Page_25" id="Page_25" />and her country and take the long journey
+to a foreign land, whose language she could not speak, and whose customs
+were utterly strange to her, to remain there long enough to receive the
+college and medical education which would enable her to do the work planned
+for her on her return to China. So far as she knew she was the only Chinese
+young woman who had ever left China to seek an education in another
+country; and indeed she was the second, the only one who had preceded her
+being Dr. You M&eacute; King, the adopted daughter of Dr. and Mrs. McCartee, of
+Ningpo, who had gone to America with them a few years before. King Eng's
+parents did not oppose her going, but neither did they encourage it. They
+told her fully of the loneliness she would experience in a foreign country;
+the dangers and unpleasantness of the long ocean voyage she would have to
+take; and the unparalleled situation in which she would find herself on her
+return ten years later, unmarried at twenty-eight. But with a quiet faith
+and purpose, and a courage nothing short of heroic, King Eng answered, &quot;If
+the Lord opens the way and the cablegram says 'Come,' I shall surely go;
+but if otherwise I shall do as best I can and labour at home.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Years afterward, when two other girls from <a name="Page_26" id="Page_26" />the Foochow Boarding School
+were leaving China for a period of study in America, a farewell meeting was
+held for them in the school, at which Dr. H&uuml; told how she had reached her
+decision to go. She said: &quot;I was the first Fuhkien province girl to go to
+America.... My father told me, 'I cannot decide for you; you must pray to
+God. If you are to go, God will show you.' Then I felt God's word come to
+me, 'Fear not, for I will go with you wherever you go.' At that time the
+school girls were seldom with the missionary ladies and I could not speak
+any English, therefore I did not know any American politeness; and all my
+clothes and other daily-need-things were not proper to use in the western
+country. Although everything could not be according to my will, I trusted
+God with all my life, so nothing could change my heart.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>In the spring of 1884, in charge of some missionaries going home on
+furlough, H&uuml; King Eng left China for America. The journey was a long and
+rough one, and a steamer near theirs was wrecked. One of the missionaries,
+wondering how her faith was standing the test of these new and terrifying
+experiences, asked if she wanted to go back home. But she answered, &quot;No, I
+do not think of going home <a name="Page_27" id="Page_27" />at all.&quot; She felt that it was right for her to
+go to America, and although when she met her friends at the journey's end
+she confessed that sea-sickness and home-sickness had brought the tears
+many a night, she never faltered in her decision.</p>
+
+<p>Upon landing in New York she went at once to Mrs. Keen in Philadelphia, and
+there met Dr. and Mrs. Sites, of Foochow, whom she had known from
+childhood, and who were then in Philadelphia attending the General
+Conference of the Methodist Church. She spent the summer with them,
+learning to read, write, and speak English, and in the autumn went with
+them to Delaware, Ohio, and entered Ohio Wesleyan University. Miss Martin,
+who was then preceptress of Monnett Hall, recalls King Eng's efforts to
+master English. &quot;She was an apt pupil,&quot; she says, &quot;yet she had many
+struggles with the language.&quot; A friend in Cleveland, with whom she spent a
+few weeks during her vacation, promised her that some day they would go
+around the square to see the reservoir. King Eng seemed much interested in
+this proposition and several times asked when they were to go. When they
+finally went, her friend was somewhat surprised to see that King Eng
+manifested very little interest in the reservoir; but when they reached
+<a name="Page_28" id="Page_28" />home again it was evident that she had been interested, not in the
+reservoir, but in the proposed method of reaching it. &quot;How can you go
+'round' a 'square'?&quot; she asked.</p>
+
+<p>When she entered college she set herself the task of learning ten new words
+a day; but Miss Martin says that she sometimes had to unlearn several of
+them, owing to the fondness of her fellow students for slang. However, she
+was persevering, and in time learned to use the language easily. One of the
+teachers, who had returned a plate to her with an orange on it, still
+treasures a half sheet of paper which appeared on a returned plate of hers,
+on which King Eng had written:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span>&quot;You taught me a lesson not long ago,<br /></span>
+<span>Which I have learned, as I'll try to show.<br /></span>
+<span>When you would return a plate to its owner,<br /></span>
+<span>Of something upon it you must be the donor.<br /></span>
+<span>One orange you put on that plate of mine,<br /></span>
+<span>Two oranges find on this plate of thine.&quot;<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>She was a great favourite with both faculty and students. One of her fellow
+students shall tell of the impression she made: &quot;Those who were at Monnett
+Hall at any time from 1884 to 1887 will remember a dainty little foreign
+lady, a sort of exotic blossom, whose silk-embroidered costumes,
+constructed in Chinese fashion, made her an object of interest to every
+<a name="Page_29" id="Page_29" />girl in college. This was Dr. H&uuml; King Eng, who came to prepare for her
+life work. Gentle, modest, winning, her heart fixed on a goal far ahead,
+she was an example to the earnest Christian girl and a rebuke to any who
+had self-seeking aims.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Another, looking back to her college days, and to the college life of H&uuml;
+King Eng, &quot;or, as she was familiarly and lovingly called, King Eng,&quot;
+writes, &quot;She was so sweet and gracious, so simple in her faith and life, so
+charitable, that you felt it everywhere. I shall never forget standing in
+the hall one day with her and another girl, when a young man delivered some
+books. I asked his name. The young lady gave it, a well known name, and
+added that he had very little principle, or character. King Eng spoke up at
+once, and calling the other girl by name said, 'Yes, but his parents are
+fine people.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The King's Daughters' Society was organized during King Eng's stay at Ohio
+Wesleyan, and ten groups, of ten girls each, were formed among the students
+of Monnett Hall. King Eng, who was the leader of one of these groups,
+proposed that each girl in it should earn enough money to buy one of the
+King's Daughters' badges, and that they should be sent to some of the girls
+in the Foochow school, <a name="Page_30" id="Page_30" />that they too might organize a society. She was
+eager that the girls should not only give the badges, but should earn them
+by their own efforts, that they might thus show the Chinese girls that
+American students did not consider any kind of work beneath them, but
+counted it an honour to serve their Master in any way possible.</p>
+
+<p>During the April of King Eng's first year at Ohio Wesleyan University,
+special meetings were held in connection with the Day of Prayer for
+Colleges, one of them a large chapel service at which the president of the
+college and the preceptress spoke. The report of this meeting shows that
+King Eng did not wait until her return to China to begin active efforts to
+win others to the Christian life. &quot;At the close of an address by Miss
+Martin, the preceptress, there stepped forward upon the rostrum our little
+Chinese student, Miss H&uuml; King Eng, who, dressed in her full native costume,
+stood gracefully before these six hundred young men and women while she
+witnessed to the saving power of Christ.... The following evening, at our
+earnest revival service in the chapel of the ladies' boarding hall, there
+knelt the Chinese girl at the side of her American sister, helping her to
+find the Saviour; and the smile of gladness on her countenance at the
+closing <a name="Page_31" id="Page_31" />of the meeting told the joy in her heart because her friend was
+converted. The faith of many has been made stronger by hearing the
+testimony of Miss H&uuml;.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The statement of one of her fellow students is impressive: &quot;She had a great
+influence over the girls, and during our revival seasons she usually led
+more to Christ than any other girl in the school. One mother, when she came
+to visit the school after such a meeting during which her own daughter had
+been converted, exclaimed, 'Little did I think when I was giving money for
+the work in China, that a Chinese girl would come to this country and be
+the means of leading my daughter to Christ.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Miss Martin tells of one student who had long resisted all appeals, but who
+would listen to King Eng when she would not hear any one else; and who was
+finally led by her to such a complete consecration that she afterward gave
+her life to missionary service in Japan.</p>
+
+<p>During her vacation periods King Eng often addressed missionary meetings
+with marked success, winning such testimonies as these: &quot;We are thanking
+God for that grand missionary meeting. It would have done your heart good
+to have heard the references to it in our Wednesday night prayer meeting,&quot;
+or,<a name="Page_32" id="Page_32" /> &quot;One gentleman said to me, 'That was the best missionary meeting we
+ever had in Third Avenue.'&quot; It was probably while doing such work as this
+that she had the experiences which led her to realize so keenly the
+blessing of the unbound feet which had caused her so many tribulations as a
+child, for she says that when she was running for trains in America she
+always remembered &quot;Those feet,&quot; &quot;Those feet,&quot; and was glad that she had
+them.</p>
+
+<p>In the summer of 1886 she attended a meeting of the International
+Missionary Union, and there met Mrs. Baldwin, who had known her as a child
+in Foochow. Mrs. Baldwin wrote of the impression she made at this time:
+&quot;Our dear little Chinese girl, H&uuml; King Eng, won all hearts, as usual, by
+her sweet, gentle, trustful Christian character. To us who have known her
+from her infancy up, the meeting was of peculiar pleasure; and as she
+grasped my hand and in low, earnest, glad tones exclaimed in our Foochow
+dialect, 'Teacheress, all the same as seeing my own house people,' I could
+heartily respond, 'All the same.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>At the same time she was making rapid progress in her studies. At the
+annual meeting of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society in 1886, &quot;the
+marvellous progress of H&uuml; King Eng was reported ... and tears of <a name="Page_33" id="Page_33" />gladness
+filled many eyes as her implicit faith, her sturdy industry, and her
+untiring devotion were described.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>She completed her course in Ohio Wesleyan University in four years, and in
+the autumn of 1888 entered the Woman's Medical College of Philadelphia,
+doing the regular class work, and making her home with her friend Mrs.
+Keen. After two years of work there, she was very ill with a fever for many
+weeks. When her strength began to come back, it was decided that she should
+stop studying for a time and go to China for the following year, as she was
+very eager to visit her home, especially as her father was ill. Her
+lifelong friend, Miss Ruth Sites, was also returning to Foochow at that
+time. So after securing a passport for H&uuml; King Eng, in order that she might
+be able to return to America, the two girls made the trip together,
+spending Christmas in Yokohama, and enjoying a short visit to Tokio. The
+steamer stopped for a day at Kobe, and there Miss H&uuml; had the pleasure of
+visiting Dr. You M&eacute; King, then practising medicine under the Southern
+Methodist Mission. Dr. You was the only Chinese woman who had ever left
+China for study up to the time of her own going. They had a day at Nagasaki
+also, where several college mates <a name="Page_34" id="Page_34" />from Ohio Wesleyan were working; and two
+days were spent in Shanghai, during which Miss H&uuml; visited Dr. Reifsnyder's
+splendid hospital. The trip from Shanghai to Foochow was the last part of
+the long journey, and they were soon in the quiet waters of the Min River.
+Miss Sites, writing back to America, said that she could never forget King
+Eng's look as she exclaimed, &quot;The last wave is past. Now we are almost
+home.&quot; A brother and a brother-in-law came several miles down the river in
+a launch to meet her, and sedan chairs were waiting at the landing to take
+her to her home, where her parents were eagerly awaiting her. A reception
+of welcome was given for her and Miss Sites a few days later, which was for
+her father and mother one of the proudest occasions of their lives.</p>
+
+<p>Some of the missionaries had wondered whether so many years of residence in
+America would not have changed King Eng, and whether some of the luxuries
+she had enjoyed there might not have become a necessity to her. With this
+in mind many little comforts unusual in a Chinese home had been put into
+her room. &quot;But,&quot; one of them writes, &quot;this was needless.&quot; King Eng was
+unchanged and all the attention she had received in America had left her
+unspoiled. This was doubtless <a name="Page_35" id="Page_35" />largely due to the purity of her purpose in
+going. In bidding good-bye, a few years later, to some girls who were going
+to America for the first time, she said: &quot;Some people do not want girls to
+go to America to study because they think when the girls are educated they
+will be proud. I think really we have nothing to be proud of. We Chinese
+girls have such a good opportunity to go to another country to study, not
+because God loves us better than any other persons, but because He loves
+<i>all</i> our people in China. Therefore He sends us to learn all the good
+things first, so that we may help our people. The more favour we receive
+the more debt we owe the Chinese women and girls. So wherever we go we must
+think how to benefit our people, and not do as we please, and then how can
+we be proud?&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The only cloud in this happy home-coming, after eight years of absence, was
+the illness of her father, who was suffering from consumption. But even
+this cloud was lightened by the help and cheer which King Eng was enabled
+to bring to him. Miss Sites wrote: &quot;It is an unspeakable comfort to him to
+have King Eng with him, while she, with skill and wisdom learned in
+Philadelphia, attends to all his wants as no other Chinese could.&quot; Soon
+after King Eng's return her father was pros<a name="Page_36" id="Page_36" />trated with a severe attack of
+grippe, which in his already weakened state, made his condition almost
+hopeless. Even the missionary doctor who attended him had no expectation
+that he would recover. &quot;But,&quot; reads a letter from Mrs. Sites, &quot;through the
+knowledge King Eng had acquired of caring for the sick, and her devotion to
+her father, with work unfaltering, and prayer unceasing, he was brought
+back to us.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>For many years Rev. H&uuml; Yong Mi had been planning to build a house, wherein
+he and his family might live after he was too feeble to preach, and which
+his family might have if he should be taken from them. At this time he had
+laid by enough money to carry out his plan, but his weakness was such that
+he could have done little, had it not been for the energy and vigour of his
+wide-awake daughter. She helped make the plans for the house, and afterward
+urged forward the building, so that a few months after her return the
+family moved out of the parsonage into a comfortable little home, built in
+Chinese style, but with glass windows and board floors.</p>
+
+<p>In addition to the care of her father and the superintendence of the
+building of the new house, King Eng was kept very busy in the hospital,
+interpreting for the physicians in the <a name="Page_37" id="Page_37" />daily clinics, and working among
+the in-patients. This experience was invaluable to her at this time in
+giving her a clearer knowledge of the especial preparation needed in her
+future work. She saw and learned much of the prevalent diseases among the
+women for whom she was preparing herself to work. She also taught a class
+of young women medical students, which gave her valuable experience in that
+line of work.</p>
+
+<p>One of the missionaries has written of the impression she made during this
+stay in Foochow: &quot;She was kept very busy in the hospital and her home, but
+she was always cheerful and helpful. Her Christian love and natural
+kindness drew to her the hearts of hundreds of suffering native women, who
+felt that there was sympathy for them in her every look and touch.
+Moreover, the affectionate regard in which she had been held by her
+missionary associates in Foochow has been vastly increased by her
+unassuming manner, and the meek and quiet spirit in which she mingled with
+us in work and prayer through the months.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The new home was beautifully situated, overlooking the river and receiving
+constant south breezes, which made it cool and comfortable in summer. It
+was hoped that in its quiet Mr. H&uuml; might live for a number of <a name="Page_38" id="Page_38" />years, and
+it was therefore decided that King Eng should return to America, to
+re-enter the Woman's Medical College of Philadelphia in the fall of 1892.
+On the return trip she said to Mrs. Sites, who was with her, &quot;I have
+learned to trust God fully, else how could I be going away from my sick
+father whose every move and cough I had learned to hear so quickly through
+all the hours of the night, and still my heart be at rest?&quot; Mrs. Sites
+adds, &quot;Personally, her companionship on the voyage was a continual joy to
+me, notwithstanding my alarming and wearisome struggle while in Montreal to
+get permission for her to re-enter this alarmingly exclusive country.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>H&uuml; King Eng re-entered the Medical College in the autumn of 1892,
+graduating with honour the eighth of May, 1894. She spent the following
+year in hospital work, being fortunate enough to be chosen as surgeon's
+assistant in the Philadelphia Polyclinic, which gave her the privilege of
+attending all the clinics and lectures there.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39" />III</h3>
+
+<h3>BEGINNING MEDICAL WORK IN CHINA</h3>
+
+
+<p>In 1895 Dr. H&uuml; returned to Foochow. She at once began work in the Foochow
+Hospital for women and children, being associated with Dr. Lyon, who wrote
+at the end of the year's work: &quot;Dr. H&uuml;, by her faithfulness and skill, has
+built up the dispensary until the number of the patients treated far
+exceeds that of last year. She has also been a great inspiration to our
+students, not only as teacher, but in right living and in Christian
+principles.&quot; The following year Dr. Lyon returned to America on her
+furlough, leaving the young physician in entire charge of the hospital
+work, a responsibility which she discharged so effectively that at the
+close of the year her co-labourers enthusiastically declared: &quot;Sending H&uuml;
+King Eng to America for a medical education was providing for one of the
+greatest blessings that ever came to Foochow. Skilled in her profession,
+kind and patient, Christlike in spirit, one of their very own, her
+influence cannot be measured.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40" />At about this time Dr. H&uuml; was honoured by being appointed by His
+Excellency, Li Hung Chang, as one of the two delegates from China to the
+Women's Congress held in London in 1898. But she was very seriously ill
+with pneumonia that year, and for weeks it was feared that she could not
+recover. A letter from Mrs. Lacy, then living in Foochow, reads: &quot;Dr. H&uuml;
+King Eng has been lying at the gates of death for nearly three weeks. Dr.
+Lyon said she was beyond all human aid. Most earnest and constant prayers
+by the native Christians have been offered in her behalf. We are glad to
+report a decided improvement in her condition although she is by no means
+out of danger yet. Dr. H&uuml; is a very valuable worker, not only a most
+successful physician, but a very superior instructor in medicine, and is
+very greatly beloved by both natives and foreigners, and it does not seem
+as if she could be spared. We can but believe that God is going to honour
+the faith of His children and raise her up to do yet greater service for
+Him.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Gradually health and strength came back, and the next year it was reported
+that Dr. H&uuml; had sufficiently recovered her health to teach one class in the
+Girls' Boarding School. A trip to the home of a married sister in Amoy,
+which gave her a sea voyage, and change of <a name="Page_41" id="Page_41" />air and scene, completed her
+recovery and in 1899 she was strong enough to take charge of the Woolston
+Memorial Hospital.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 626px;">
+<a href="images/img02.jpg"><img src="images/img02_th.jpg" width="626" height="400" alt="Dr. H&uuml;&#39;s Medical Students" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>Dr. H&uuml;&#39;s Medical Students</b>
+</div>
+
+<p>The Foochow Hospital for women and children is situated on Nan Tai Island,
+three miles from the walled city of Foochow. The physicians had long felt
+the need of a similar work within the city walls, and a few years before
+Dr. H&uuml;'s return from America, work had been undertaken in the city. A small
+building was erected, in which forty in-patients could be accommodated.
+This little building was named the Woolston Memorial Hospital, and nurses
+from the Island hospital took turns in working in it, under the supervision
+of one of the physicians. But until Dr. H&uuml; took charge of the work, in
+1899, there had been no resident physician.</p>
+
+<p>Some years later, in telling of her appointment to this work, Dr. H&uuml; said:
+&quot;It is very different from what I had heard of the city people being proud
+and hard to manage. I am glad God created Lot. If he did not help any one
+else he surely helped me. At the time I said nothing and went, simply
+because I did not want to be like Lot. No one knows how I shrank when I was
+asked to work in the city; for when I thought of the place, the pitiful
+picture of the Island hospital students <a name="Page_42" id="Page_42" />would come most conspicuously
+before me. I can see them even now, wiping away the tears just as hard as
+they could when their turn came to go into the city; while the other
+students were like 'laughing Buddhas,' for their turn in the city hospital
+had expired. I am glad I can speak for myself to-day that in my five years'
+experience I have never had to shed a tear because the people were
+obstinate.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Nevertheless the first few months were not altogether easy ones. Dr. H&uuml;
+herself tells the story of the beginnings of the work: &quot;When I first took
+up my work in the city here, during the first few months what did I meet?
+People came and said that they wanted a foreign doctor. When our Bible
+woman told them that I had just returned from a foreign country, and that I
+knew foreign medicine, what was the immediate reply which I heard? 'No, I
+don't want a Chinese student, but I want a foreign doctor.' It made my
+Bible woman indignant, but by this time I usually stepped out and told them
+just where to go to find the foreign doctors. It surprised my hospital
+people that instead of feeling hurt I would do what I did.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>It was only a few months, however, before the city people discovered that
+this &quot;Chinese student&quot; was a most valuable member of the <a name="Page_43" id="Page_43" />community. By
+summer the work of the little hospital was so prosperous that Dr. H&uuml;
+decided to keep the dispensary open for three mornings a week, even after
+the intense heat had necessitated the closing of the hospital proper. Some
+of the patients signified their approval of this decision by renting rooms
+in the neighbourhood, in order to be able to attend the dispensary on the
+open days.</p>
+
+<p>During this first year of work in the Woolston Hospital Dr. H&uuml; had two
+medical students in training, who also assisted her in the hospital work,
+one of them her younger sister, H&uuml; Seuk Eng. She speaks warmly of their
+work among the patients, and of the patients' appreciation of what was done
+for them. &quot;Very frequently,&quot; she wrote at the close of the year, &quot;I hear
+the patients say, 'Truly my own parents, brothers, and sisters could never
+be so good, so patient, and do so carefully for us; especially when we are
+so filthy and foul in these sore places. Yes, this religion must be better
+than ours.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Thus, although the work was begun in fear and trembling, and the young
+physician had some obstacles to overcome, she treated 2,620 patients during
+the first year, and was able to report a most encouraging outlook at its
+close.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44" />IV</h3>
+
+<h3>THE BELOVED PHYSICIAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>As Dr. H&uuml;'s work grew it fell into four main divisions; the dispensary
+work, the work among the hospital patients, visits to the homes of those
+too ill to come to her, and the superintendence of the training of medical
+students. The city hospital has been crowded almost from the very outset.
+The situation was somewhat relieved in 1904, by the building of a house for
+Dr. H&uuml; on Black Rock Hill. This enabled her to move out of the hospital and
+thus enlarged the space available for patients; but the additional space
+was soon filled and the building was as crowded as before. Dr. H&uuml; is
+utilizing the building to the best possible advantage. One of her fellow
+missionaries writes that every department is as well arranged as in any
+hospital she has ever seen; every nook and corner is clean and tidy,
+students are happy, helpful, and studious, and patients are cared for both
+physically and spiritually.</p>
+
+<p>The hospital records hold many a story of <a name="Page_45" id="Page_45" />those who found both physical
+and spiritual healing during their stay there. One day a woman over fifty,
+whose husband and son had died while she was very young, came to the
+hospital for treatment. When she was only twenty-two, crushed by her grief,
+and feeling, as she said, that there was no more pleasure in this world for
+her, she made a solemn vow before the idols that she would be a vegetarian
+for the rest of her life, hoping in this way to obtain reward in the next
+life. At the time she came to the hospital she had kept this vow sacredly
+for nearly thirty years, being so scrupulous in her observance of it that
+she even used her own cooking utensils in the hospital, lest some particle
+of animal matter should have adhered to the others and thus contaminate her
+food. She was so unostentatious about it, however, that Dr. H&uuml; did not know
+she was a vegetarian until she prescribed milk for her.</p>
+
+<p>While in the hospital this woman was greatly surprised to hear, in morning
+prayers every day, that which she could but admit was better than her old
+belief. Day by day she compared the Christian teaching with her old
+religion, until finally one morning, after she had been in the hospital
+about a week, she went to Dr. H&uuml; after the service, and said:<a name="Page_46" id="Page_46" /> &quot;Doctor,
+your religion is better than mine. I want to be a Christian, but very
+unfortunately I have made a solemn vow to idols, and now, if I should
+change my faith, these idols would punish me, my children, and children's
+children.&quot; The doctor assured her that she need not be afraid, since the
+idols to which she had made her vow were only wood and stone, powerless to
+harm her. She went off comforted, and a few hours later she created
+tremendous excitement through the hospital by preparing and eating the
+first meal of meat she had had for almost thirty years. Some of the
+patients were much frightened, for the vegetarian vow is considered a most
+sacred one which, when broken, can never be made again, and they feared
+that some dire calamity would overtake her. Nothing worse occurred,
+however, than an attack of indigestion, the natural consequence of too free
+indulgence in the flesh pots after so many years of abstinence; and the
+dauntless old lady announced her intention of enjoying many a similar meal
+in the days to come.</p>
+
+<p>Her home was at some distance, and after she left the hospital nothing more
+was seen of her until three years later, when she appeared one day,
+bringing with her several patients for treatment. She had gained so much
+<a name="Page_47" id="Page_47" />flesh, and looked so well, that she had to tell the doctor who she was.
+She said that after she went home, and her vegetarian friends saw the
+dishes of meat on her table and realized that she had broken her sacred
+vow, they were indignant and alarmed, and would have nothing to do with
+her. But within the previous year some of them had gradually begun to come
+to see her again. &quot;I felt badly for their ignorance,&quot; she said, &quot;but, oh, I
+was very glad to have the opportunity to tell them of what you had told me
+when I was converted.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>At one time a former patient of the doctor's, who belonged to a prominent
+family in the city, brought an old man of seventy-one for treatment. The
+rule of the hospital is that only women and children shall be received as
+in-patients, so the doctor directed him to go to Dr. Kinnear's hospital.
+But the old man looked greatly disappointed and begged pitifully: &quot;I am a
+poor old man and my limb is very painful; <i>I-seng</i> (doctor), do help me and
+have mercy upon me. Do not look upon me as a man, but a child.&quot; The
+doctor's tender heart finally prevailed and she made an exception of him.
+When the old man was cured he came back to the hospital regularly, every
+day, for the morning service. After listening <a name="Page_48" id="Page_48" />attentively for a few weeks,
+he said to the doctor, &quot;<i>I-seng</i>, I truly know this is a good religion and
+is just what I want, and I have decided to bow down to this very God.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>His health did not improve as rapidly as the doctor thought it should; and
+upon making careful inquiries she learned that it was because the small
+amount of money which it was possible for him to earn, was not sufficient
+to provide him with the nourishing food he needed. She at once gave him
+some money, telling him to buy the sort of food which would build-up his
+strength, and not to tell any one that he had been given this help. But
+this was altogether too much to ask of the grateful old man, and &quot;he went
+out and began to publish it.&quot; The family who had sent him to the doctor
+were much touched by this fresh evidence of her kindness, and thereafter
+they sent their son with the old man to the morning services each day,
+saying: &quot;The Christian doctor is so good and kind. She has not only treated
+this poor man free of charge but has helped him with money. Surely this
+religion must be good.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Often patients come from far away villages to enter the hospital. One young
+girl from a town many miles up the Min River, who became a happy, eager
+Christian in the hospital, <a name="Page_49" id="Page_49" />went home with the hope of coming back to study
+in the Girls' Boarding School the next year. She was very eager to tell the
+people of her village, in the meantime, of the glad truths she had learned.
+&quot;I will be the only Christian in the village,&quot; she said. &quot;How I wish Dr. H&uuml;
+and Lau Sing-sang Moing (the Bible woman) would come and tell my people
+about the new religion. I will tell them all I know, but I don't know very
+much.&quot; One case is related of an old woman with double cataracts, whose son
+brought her on a wheelbarrow a distance of several hundred miles to consult
+Dr. H&uuml;. The doctor performed a successful operation, restoring the woman's
+sight, and thereby earning the title of &quot;The Miracle Lady.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>A large work is done every year in the dispensary, where Dr. H&uuml; receives
+patients each morning. This work has grown from 1,837 cases the first year
+to 24,091 in 1910, and has made literally thousands of friends for the
+doctor and her work. When she planned to erect the little building in which
+she lives on Black Rock Hill many people told her that they were sure the
+priests, especially those of the Black Rock Hill temple, would strongly
+object to the erection of a mission building on that site, which was
+considered a particu<a name="Page_50" id="Page_50" />larly sacred one. But Dr. H&uuml; felt no anxiety in regard
+to that, for the priests had been coming to the dispensary for treatment
+for some months previous to the time of beginning the building. &quot;Some have
+come from Singapore monastery,&quot; she wrote, &quot;others from Kushan, still
+others from those in our own city. Thank God that their illnesses were
+quickly healed.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>She tells of one of the Singapore priests who was so grateful to be well
+again that he came to the hospital one morning, dressed as for some
+festival occasion, and bringing with him two boxes of cakes and two Chinese
+scrolls, the Chinese characters of which he had himself written. These he
+presented to Dr. H&uuml; with his lowest bow, saying, &quot;If I had not come to you
+and taken your medicine I would have been dead, or at least I would not be
+able to go back to Singapore.&quot; Many priests even came to the morning
+services and listened attentively to what was said there.</p>
+
+<p>A somewhat incidental but very useful work carried on largely in the
+dispensary, by the Bible women, is a crusade against foot-binding. Dr. H&uuml;'s
+useful life, and the important part her strong, natural feet play in it, is
+a most effective object-lesson; and the annual reports usually record a
+goodly number of <a name="Page_51" id="Page_51" />those who have unbound their feet during the year.</p>
+
+<p>The most difficult part of the work is that of visiting the sick in their
+homes, both because of the great distances that have to be covered, and
+because in many cases the doctor is not called except as a last resort. One
+of Dr. H&uuml;'s reports reads: &quot;I am very sorry that we do not yet have foreign
+vehicles, railroads, or street cars. It takes much time to go from one
+place to another. Fortunately my Chinese people live near together, with
+their relatives, so when I am invited to go to see one case I often have to
+prescribe for sixteen or twenty cases before my return.&quot; Often when the
+doctor answers a call she finds that the patient has been ill for a long
+time, while the relatives have been seeking to obtain help from the Chinese
+doctor or from idols. She herself shall tell the story of an experience of
+this kind:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;Last week I was called to see a woman very ill with cholera. Her
+    people had had all known doctors, both in and out of the city, and
+    had consulted with and begged many idols to heal her, but the woman
+    had grown worse and worse, until, when she was apparently hopeless,
+    having been unconscious for two days, one of the doctors suggested
+    <a name="Page_52" id="Page_52" />to try me. I went at once, and found the room crowded with friends
+    and relatives. They could not tell me fast enough what a good and
+    filial woman she was, but that the idols had said certain spirits
+    wanted her, and no amount of offerings could buy her back again. I
+    told them that the woman was <i>very</i> ill, and that I feared it was
+    too late for my medicine to help her. Many voices replied, 'We
+    know, we know, and if she dies we will not blame you.' With a
+    prayer, and three doses of medicine left for the woman to take, we
+    left them.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;That afternoon her husband came to report that she was better. I
+    went to see her and to my great surprise she <i>was</i> better. While
+    there a famous idol arrived to drive out the evil spirit. I said,
+    'Do you want me, or do you want the idols? We cannot work
+    together.' They insisted that I continue to prepare my medicine and
+    said that the idol could wait. He did wait twenty minutes, and I
+    have been told since that no one ever dared to ask an idol to wait
+    before. Before leaving they promised me that the idol should not go
+    near, or do anything outrageous to the woman. This is now the tenth
+    day and the woman seems to have quite recovered.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;The woman's husband came yesterday and told me that not only he,
+    but many friends and relatives, were convinced that the idols were
+    false; for one idol would give one cause for the illness of his
+    wife, and another idol would give another cause; while once they
+    did <a name="Page_53" id="Page_53" />not give the medicine sent by an idol and he (the medium) said
+    later, 'The medicine has done her good.' The husband said, 'We see
+    plainly that my wife was saved by your God, by you, and your
+    medicine.'&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>While Dr. H&uuml; has done a great deal of work for the poor, her practice is by
+no means limited to that class, for she is often called to the homes of the
+official and wealthy classes. One grateful husband, whose wife and baby Dr.
+H&uuml; had saved, told her that he would not only give money towards her new
+hospital himself, but would also help her to obtain subscriptions from his
+friends. &quot;Chinese doctors have learned to use clinical thermometers,&quot; he
+observed, &quot;but the Chinese medicine does not seem to fit the foreign
+thermometer, for the patients do not seem to get well as with the foreign
+medicine.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The first student to receive a diploma from the Woolston Memorial Hospital
+was Dr. H&uuml;'s sister, H&uuml; Seuk Eng, who graduated in April, 1902. The
+graduation exercises, held in the Sing Bo Ting Ancestral Hall, which was
+willingly loaned for the occasion, created a keen interest, and numbers of
+the city people gathered to witness proceedings so unusual. Many of them
+said, &quot;This is the first time a Christian service was ever held in a
+temple.&quot;<a name="Page_54" id="Page_54" /> But what was even more wonderful to them was the revelation of
+the possibilities of Chinese young womanhood which they received. Dr. H&uuml;
+wrote that after the exercises an official who lived near by announced: &quot;I
+will buy a girl seven or eight years old and I will have a tutor for her.
+Then I will send her to the Girls' Boarding School to study, and then she
+may go to Dr. H&uuml; to study medicine. Then she will go to Sing Bo Ting
+Ancestral Temple, too, to receive her diploma. Besides, we will all be
+Christians.&quot; Others were heard to exclaim, &quot;Who knew girls could do so much
+good to the world&mdash;more than our boys!&quot;</p>
+
+<p>When the exercises were over, greatly to Seuk Eng's surprise, her sedan
+chair was escorted all the way back to the hospital, to the accompaniment
+of the popping of hundreds of fire-crackers, set off in her honour. A
+Chinese feast was prepared for the guests in the hospital, after which
+another unexpected explosion of congratulatory fire-crackers took place.
+Thus ended in true Chinese fashion, amid noise and smoke, the first
+graduation exercises of the Woolston Memorial Hospital.</p>
+
+<p>They were by no means the last, however, for this department of work has
+been steadily carried on ever since Dr. H&uuml; took charge of <a name="Page_55" id="Page_55" />the hospital. In
+1904 she reported: &quot;Our little medical school is getting on nicely. The
+success of the school is mostly due to our good teacher and the students
+themselves, who have a great desire to learn. They have had written
+examinations this year; the highest general average was 98 and the lowest
+85. Can any one dare to think, 'What is the use to teach these Chinese
+people?'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Dr. H&uuml; wrote of the commencement exercises of the class graduating the
+following year: &quot;Quite a number of the gentry, and the teachers of the
+government schools for young men, had asked to come to attend the
+graduating exercises; and of course we were very much pleased to have them.
+They did seem to enjoy it very much. Some of them have told my friends that
+they were surprised and delighted to see that their countrywomen could be
+so brave and do so well. They also wished that their students might have
+come to see and to listen for themselves. One of the gentry decided that
+day that his daughter should come to us to study medicine.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Up to this time no girl who did not have a diploma from a mission school
+had been admitted to the medical course of the Woolston Hospital. But in
+1906, yielding to the great desire of many other young women to take
+<a name="Page_56" id="Page_56" />medical training, Dr. H&uuml; opened the course to any who could pass an
+examination on certain subjects which she considered essential
+prerequisites to a medical course. Four of the seven who presented
+themselves for examination were passed; only one was a Christian girl, two
+were daughters-in-law of officials, the other a daughter of one of the
+gentry.</p>
+
+<p>An extract from the examination paper of one of them shows the real
+earnestness of purpose with which the work was undertaken. The first
+question asked was, &quot;Please give your reasons for coming to study
+medicine?&quot; &quot;Alas, the women of my country are forgotten in the minds of the
+intellectual world. How could they think of a subject as important as the
+education of medicine! The result is that many lives are lost, simply on
+account of no women physicians for women. Though mission hospitals for
+women and children have been established for a number of years in the
+Fuhkien province they are far less than we need. For this reason I have a
+great desire for a medical education, hoping that I may be able to help,
+and to save my fellow sisters from suffering. It is for this reason I dare
+to apply for this instruction.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The graduates of the medical course are as yet not great in numbers, but
+they are doing <a name="Page_57" id="Page_57" />earnest, efficient work. Some of them have remained in the
+hospital as assistants or matrons. Of a recent graduating class, one went
+to the Methodist hospital in Ngu-cheng to assist Dr. Li Bi Cu, the
+physician in charge; another went to a large village, to be the only
+physician practising Western medicine; the third to Tientsin, as an
+assistant in the Imperial Peiyang Woman's Medical College.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58" />V</h3>
+
+<h3>THE FAVOUR OF THE PEOPLE</h3>
+
+
+<p>As shown by the glimpses of Dr. H&uuml;'s work which have been given
+evangelistic work is carried on in conjunction with the medical work.
+Christian services are held each morning, and are attended by the
+dispensary patients, those of the hospital patients who are able to be up,
+the servants, and usually, also, by a number of visitors. The first year
+after taking charge of the hospital Dr. H&uuml; was able to report: &quot;Not only
+some of the in-patients, but also some of our morning dispensary patients,
+were converted and joined the church on probation. We are rejoicing over
+the fact that all the hospital servants, all my own servants, and also our
+teacher, have given their hearts to Christ. They said before a chapel full
+of patients in one of our morning services, that they would from that day
+on try to be Christians and to live a good life. So far (six months) they
+have proved themselves to be in earnest.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>A few years later she writes: &quot;In our morn<a name="Page_59" id="Page_59" />ing prayers I have often looked
+and seen a chapel full of people. I have carefully looked over the crowd
+and I could easily recognize those who have just come to us, others who
+have been here longer. You wonder how I know it? Well, their faces show.
+Oftentimes our patients listen so attentively that they forget they are in
+a crowd. Sometimes one, two, three, or even more, speak up with one voice,
+'The Jesus doctrine is truly good. What the leader said is nothing but the
+truth. Idols are false.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>In addition to the morning services Christian work is constantly done by
+the Bible women who work in connection with the hospital. They hold
+meetings in the hospital wards, teach the hospital patients to read the
+Bible, do personal work among those waiting their turn in the dispensary,
+and visit in the homes. One of the missionaries who is a frequent visitor
+to the hospital says: &quot;No hour of the week brings more fully the joy of
+service than the hour I spend in the City Hospital with the poor sick folk
+there. They are always so glad to hear, and so responsive. No wonder the
+Master loved to heal; and no wonder the Christian physician finds so many
+open doors.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>It is not to be wondered at that those who <a name="Page_60" id="Page_60" />have been ministered to by this
+tender, skilful Christian woman, and have watched her happy, busy life
+poured out in the service of the suffering ones about her, have become
+convinced that the beautiful doctrine which she teaches and lives is true.
+Every year the hospital reports contain a record of those who have become
+Christians during the year as a result of the medical work. Moreover, the
+seeds sown in the early years of the hospital, some of which seemed to have
+fallen on rocky ground, were not all in vain. Dr. H&uuml;'s sister, reporting
+the work of 1908, writes: &quot;After careful investigation we found that those
+seeds were sown deep enough, and with such attention, that even though
+seven, eight, or nine years have passed they are to-day still germinating,
+growing, and bearing fruit. After hearing and accepting the gospel, their
+lives are changed. They become brighter and more straightforward, and have
+a love for other people.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Christmas is a great event in the Woolston Memorial Hospital, not only for
+the patients and workers, but also for as many of the neighbours as can be
+accommodated in the chapel. There is never any difficulty with regard to
+unwilling guests; on the contrary, the neighbours invariably respond with
+almost disconcerting enthusiasm. The first year that <a name="Page_61" id="Page_61" />they were invited
+to the Christmas exercises, red Chinese cards, reading &quot;Admit one only,&quot;
+were distributed to one hundred and twenty families, one to each house, the
+choice of the member who should use it being left to the family. Careful
+explanations as to why all could not be invited were made; but in spite of
+this, during the days preceding Christmas, the doctor was besieged by the
+non-elect with requests for invitations.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 626px;">
+<a href="images/img03.jpg"><img src="images/img03_th.jpg" width="626" height="400" alt="Dr. H&uuml;&#39;s Christmas Party" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>Dr. H&uuml;&#39;s Christmas Party</b>
+</div>
+
+<p>The guests were invited for half-past seven Christmas evening, but the
+great majority of them were on hand at four o'clock waiting for the doors
+to be opened. When they were opened, and the guests began to pass in,
+presenting their red tickets, a new predicament arose; for it was
+discovered that many of these tickets were of their own manufacture, the
+number of those which were passed in far exceeding the number of those
+which had been given out. But when the doctor looked over the crowds, and
+saw how eager they were to get in, and how good-natured they were, she had
+not the heart to turn them away, so told the gatekeepers to let them in as
+long as they could find a place in which to stand. And although the chapel
+was crowded to its utmost seating and standing capacity, even the basement
+and the yard outside being filled, Dr.<a name="Page_62" id="Page_62" /> H&uuml; said that no better behaved or
+more quiet crowd could have been desired. They listened attentively to the
+exercises, which were fully two hours long, and at the close, group by
+group, they all went up to thank the doctor for the pleasure she had
+provided for them, and then quietly dispersed.</p>
+
+<p>Tea, cakes, and oranges had been provided for the invited guests, but as
+more than twice the number invited had arrived, it was found necessary to
+omit that part of the entertainment. However, the doctor sent her servants
+the following day to distribute the cakes and fruits among those for whom
+they had been provided. That the guests had enjoyed themselves was evident
+when the next Christmas drew near, for many either sent to Dr. H&uuml;, or came
+themselves, to remind her not to forget to invite them to the Christmas
+entertainment. Nor did a single guest fail to appear on Christmas evening.</p>
+
+<p>If a physician's chief reward is the gratitude and appreciation of those
+among whom he works, Dr. H&uuml; is indeed rewarded for her self-forgetful
+service of those whom she lovingly terms &quot;my Chinese.&quot; Appreciation of the
+work she is doing is convincingly shown by the way in which the people
+flock to her, and in their great eagerness to have the hospital <a name="Page_63" id="Page_63" />kept open
+the year around. This has proved to be impossible, although every summer
+Dr. H&uuml; has made an effort to continue the work, being willing to toil even
+through the intense heat of July and August, and, since the students must
+be given a vacation, with only half her usual corps of assistants. One
+summer she wrote with gratitude that the thermometer in her bedroom
+registered only 93&deg; that day, after two weeks of 99&deg; and even 100&deg;, and
+added, &quot;It would do you good if you could see how grateful these people are
+to see us keeping our hospital open; and we are very glad to be able to do
+something for them in this very trying hot season.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>But the intense heat of a South China summer and the things that it brings
+with it, make it impossible to keep the work going continuously in the
+present crowded quarters. Often it is the dreaded plague which necessitates
+the closing of the hospital doors. One morning Dr. H&uuml; heard that the
+neighbour directly across the street from the hospital had been stricken
+with this fatal disease. She closed the hospital at once, and put up a
+notice telling the patients why it was necessary to close, and assuring
+them that she would begin work again as soon as it was safe to do so. The
+next morning the notice had disappeared, <a name="Page_64" id="Page_64" />and another one which was put up
+disappeared as promptly. An explanation of this was afforded Dr. H&uuml;, by a
+remark which she overheard: &quot;How can we stand having this hospital closed?
+We took the notice down in hope that the hospital would be opened.&quot; But
+when the plague is prevalent, the closing of the hospital is the only safe
+course to pursue; for one person, coming into the dispensary suffering from
+this disease, may do more harm in a few minutes than could be undone in
+many weeks.</p>
+
+<p>A common and gracious way of expressing appreciation in China is the
+presentation of an honorary tablet, to be set up in one's reception room,
+on which is written an appreciation of the achievements of the recipient.
+These are constantly bestowed upon Dr. H&uuml; by those patients who are wealthy
+enough to express their gratitude in this fashion.</p>
+
+<p>A few years ago fire broke out in the middle of the night not far from the
+hospital. It burned up to the west wall of the hospital and all along the
+length of the wall, completely destroying all the houses in front of it.
+Then it was that the Chinese gave expression in very concrete form to their
+appreciation of their fellow-countrywoman, and the work which she was doing
+in that hospital. Dr. H&uuml; <a name="Page_65" id="Page_65" />says that the building might have been reduced to
+ashes in a moment had it not been for the faithful efforts of those who
+&quot;were more willing to have their faces scorched and burned than to leave
+their work undone,&quot; and who laboured to such effect that nothing but the
+roof was seriously damaged. After the danger was over the people poured in
+to express their sympathy, and offer their congratulations that the damage
+was no greater, some of them bringing pots of tea and dishes of food. &quot;This
+may not seem very wonderful to the people in a Christian country,&quot; says Dr.
+H&uuml;, &quot;but if you knew how the people usually are treated at such times you
+will agree with me when I say 'Wonderful.'&quot; Fire is usually interpreted as
+an expression of the displeasure of the gods, and it is considered discreet
+not to interfere.</p>
+
+<p>Appreciation of Dr. H&uuml;'s work is not limited to any one class of people.
+One day when she was watching the laying of the foundation of her home on
+Black Rock Hill, many of the people who lived near were gathered around,
+and she thought it would be a good opportunity to see how they felt about
+her coming there. So she asked an old &quot;literary man&quot; standing near her,
+&quot;Ibah, are you glad to see us building? We will soon be your neighbours.&quot;<a name="Page_66" id="Page_66" />
+Without any hesitation he replied, while the others signified hearty
+approval of his remarks: &quot;We are all delighted. It is a hospital, and very
+different from building a church. <i>I-seng</i> (doctor), you have made many
+cures in our families. Of course you don't remember us, but even after the
+transmigration to either dog or hog we will remember you. You may be sure
+you are welcomed, only we are not good enough to be your neighbours.&quot; After
+the doctor had left, her chair-bearers told her that the people really
+meant what they said; for they had heard them say similar things when she
+was not there. Dr. H&uuml; added, &quot;I do feel very sorry that these people are
+still ignorant that a mission hospital is a part of the church, but they
+will know some day.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Nor has appreciation of the work been limited to words. From the
+magistrates down, the Chinese have readily subscribed gifts of money to the
+hospital work. Even the Chinese physicians, who have found Dr. H&uuml;'s
+scientific training so formidable a rival to their practice, have exhibited
+a most friendly spirit. Dr. H&uuml; says of them: &quot;The Chinese doctors have
+bravely brought their patients for us to heal. Some of them are well-known
+doctors in the city here, so their coming to us helps our <a name="Page_67" id="Page_67" />work a good
+deal. These doctors are not at all conceited. They talk very openly and
+frankly before everybody.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>That Dr. H&uuml; is genuinely loved by her patients, and not valued simply as
+one from whom benefits are received, was evidenced during her mother's long
+last illness. During the many months when her mother was so ill, the doctor
+made the long trip of several miles, from her hospital to her home, almost
+every night, returning each day for her morning clinics. This, and her care
+of her mother, added to all her other work, made such heavy days that the
+patients often said: &quot;Dr. H&uuml; must be very tired. We must save her from
+working too hard.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>This, however, is more easily said than done; for Dr. H&uuml;'s sympathetic
+heart makes it very hard for her to spare herself as long as any one needs
+her help. For nine years after taking charge of the Woolston Memorial
+Hospital she worked almost unceasingly, with practically no vacations
+except those caused by the necessity of closing the hospital in the summer,
+and these she made as brief as possible. But during all this time the work
+had been steadily increasing, until finally, in 1907, when the number who
+thronged the hospital and dispensary was greater than ever before, the
+<a name="Page_68" id="Page_68" />doctor's health broke down under the strain, and, although with the
+greatest reluctance, she was forced to stop work. Her fellow-missionaries
+insisted that she leave the city during the terrific heat of summer, and go
+to Sharp Peak for some rest. She had been there only two days when she was
+taken dangerously ill, and for weeks and months the gravest anxiety was
+felt concerning her. But she received the best of care and nursing, and
+finally, in March of the following year, she began gradually to recover.</p>
+
+<p>Some advised that the hospital be closed. But Dr. H&uuml;'s younger sister, H&uuml;
+Seuk Eng, who had received her medical training in the Woolston Memorial
+Hospital under Dr. H&uuml; King Eng, and had been associated with her sister in
+the hospital work for some years, said that to close the hospital would be
+a great shock to Dr. H&uuml;, and a bitter disappointment to the people, and
+that she would undertake to keep it open. &quot;The load was indeed very heavy
+and my heart was truly frightened,&quot; she admitted afterward. &quot;Every day I
+just repeated that comforting verse, 'He leadeth me,' and marched forward.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>At first the people did not have the confidence in H&uuml; Seuk Eng which they
+had in Dr. H&uuml; King Eng. H&uuml; Seuk Eng tells of their <a name="Page_69" id="Page_69" />great eagerness to see
+her sister: &quot;The faith of many of the patients has been so strong that they
+thought their illness would at once be cured, or at least lessened, if they
+could only touch Dr. H&uuml;'s garment or hear her voice, or merely look into
+her face. During these months of sickness many people came wishing to see
+'the great Dr. H&uuml;.' They did not want to see me, whom they termed 'the
+little Dr. H&uuml;.' Some of the leading gentry pleaded with the hospital
+servants to present their cards to Dr. H&uuml;, and she would be sure to come
+out to see their sick friends. For it is fully nine years since she was
+appointed to take charge of this city work, and never once has she been so
+ill. Indeed, it is the first time she has not been able to respond to
+pressing calls for medical treatment. So often were heard the words, 'I
+want the doctor whose hair is dressed on the top of her head and who has
+graduated from an American college,' that my fellow workers advised the
+same coiffure in order to avoid trouble; but I told them when the question
+was asked again just to answer, 'This is Dr. H&uuml;'s younger sister, and she
+will do the best she can.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>As Dr. H&uuml; grew stronger she was able to consult with her sister as to the
+hospital work; the nurses and students gave the young physi<a name="Page_70" id="Page_70" />cian
+whole-hearted co-operation; and in time of need Dr. Kinnear, of the
+American Board, whose hospital is not far away, was always ready to advise
+and help. Thus the hospital work was successfully carried on under the
+&quot;Great Dr. H&uuml;'s sister, Dr. H&uuml; No. 2,&quot; until Dr. H&uuml; King Eng was again able
+to take charge of it.</p>
+
+<p>As busy as ever, Dr. H&uuml; is back at her work with renewed strength. &quot;I just
+'look up and lend a hand,'&quot; she says, in the words of the motto of The
+King's Daughters' Society of her college. But hundreds and thousands of the
+suffering ones of her country rise up to call her blessed for the loving,
+skilful ministry of that hand which has been lent to their needs untiringly
+for many years, and which they hope will be their strength and comfort for
+years to come.</p>
+
+<p>That her friends in America recognize the splendid service she is rendering
+in China, is evidenced by the fact that at its last Commencement her Alma
+Mater, Ohio Wesleyan University, conferred upon her the honorary degree of
+Master of Science.<a name="Page_71" id="Page_71" /></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>
+MRS. AHOK</h3>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Mrs Ahok chapter">
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>I.</td>
+    <td align='left' class="smcap"><a href="#Page_73">The Mistress of a Home of
+      Wealth</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>II.</td>
+    <td align='left' class="smcap"><a href="#Page_82">Work Among the Women of
+      the Upper Classes</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>III.</td>
+    <td align='left' class="smcap"><a href="#Page_90">A Journey to England</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align='right'>IV.</td>
+    <td align='left' class="smcap"><a href="#Page_101">Patient in Tribulation</a></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72" /><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73" /></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<a href="images/img04.jpg"><img src="images/img04_th.jpg" width="400" height="632" alt="Mrs. Ahok and Her Two Granddaughters" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>Mrs. Ahok and Her Two Granddaughters</b>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>MRS. AHOK</h2>
+
+<h3>I</h3>
+
+<h3>THE MISTRESS OF A HOME OF WEALTH</h3>
+
+
+<p>One of the most prominent men in Foochow during the latter half of the last
+century was Mr. Ahok, a wealthy Chinese merchant. One who had known him for
+years speaks of him as &quot;a man of remarkable business integrity and
+generosity of nature.&quot; He was very friendly to the Americans and English
+living in Foochow, and Dr. Baldwin, of the Methodist Mission, was, during
+all his stay in China, Mr. Ahok's most trusted friend and adviser. Mrs.
+Baldwin gives a very attractive picture of this Chinese gentleman:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;When any great calamity through fire or flood came to the people,
+    he was quick to respond with the most liberal aid; and I have known
+    him in times of cholera or epidemic sickness to have thousands of
+    packages of medicine put up by our foreign physicians, for him to
+    give to the sick people. In all our <a name="Page_74" id="Page_74" />acquaintance with him I never
+    knew him to turn a deaf ear to an appeal for help; in a
+    neighbouring city he supported alone a foundling asylum, in which
+    were one hundred little castaway girls to whom he supplied nurses,
+    clothing, etc., and he assured us that no one besides Mr. Baldwin
+    and myself knew of it. He had for some time been accustomed to come
+    to advise and consult Mr. Baldwin on various matters, and when
+    going away would give him a power of attorney to sign for the
+    firm.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>When Mr. Ahok was married, he urged Dr. and Mrs. Baldwin to be present at
+the ceremony, and gave them the privilege of bringing foreign friends with
+them if they so desired. His wife was a member of a family of high rank,
+the sister of a mandarin, and the possessor of an aristocratic little foot
+two inches and a half long. Outside of those educated in the mission
+schools, she was the first Chinese woman that Mrs. Baldwin had met who
+could read and write. One day not long after the wedding, Dr. Baldwin met
+Mr. Ahok, and disregarding the Chinese custom which makes it a breach of
+etiquette to inquire after a man's wife, asked about Mrs. Ahok. Mr. Ahok at
+once answered with evident pride, &quot;She all the same one mandarin; she reads
+books all the day.&quot; He was very proud of her unusual ability, and the
+confidence and sympa<a name="Page_75" id="Page_75" />thy which soon existed between him and his wife was
+much greater than is usual in a non-Christian home in China. Mrs. Ahok
+shared her husband's warm feeling for his foreign friends. The words of
+Mrs. Baldwin, who knew her intimately, characterize her well:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;She was, from my first meeting with her, ever a friend of me and
+    mine.... She was a woman of strong character, of fine personal
+    appearance, always attired in elegant dress, and so perfect in her
+    observance of the elaborate code of Chinese etiquette that it was
+    ever a marvel to me how she remembered the smallest details of the
+    exacting courtesy, never failing to meet the terse and telling
+    instruction of the standard book on etiquette for girls and women,
+    'As a guest demand nothing, as a hostess exhaust courtesy....' The
+    better I knew her the more I esteemed her.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>Mr. Ahok had two beautiful homes in Foochow; one a very fine Chinese house,
+the other an English residence, elegantly furnished with carpets, pictures,
+piano, and all other foreign furnishings required for comfort and beauty.
+In these two homes he and his wife entertained with great hospitality. Mrs.
+Baldwin says that she has often seen almost the entire foreign community of
+Foochow, officials, missionaries, and business people, entertained in the
+Ahoks' home, sometimes in Chinese fashion, <a name="Page_76" id="Page_76" />sometimes in foreign. It is, of
+course, contrary to Chinese custom for the mistress of the home to appear
+before gentlemen outside of her own family. Mrs. Ahok, however, knowing
+that it was the custom in England and America for the hostess to dispense
+hospitality to her guests, gradually accustomed herself to appearing as
+hostess at all gatherings where there were foreign guests; first at small
+dinners, and later in larger companies. One who was a frequent guest in the
+home says, &quot;It was a constant surprise to me to see this Chinese lady, so
+accustomed to seclusion, ever so modestly self-possessed, and in courteous,
+ladylike bearing, equal to every occasion.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>But although ready to conform to foreign custom when entertaining foreign
+guests in her home, it was several years before Mrs. Ahok was willing to
+attend similar gatherings in other homes. She frequently called at the home
+of her friend, Mrs. Baldwin, but never when there were strangers there. On
+one occasion when Mrs. Baldwin was entertaining a few guests at dinner, she
+invited Mr. Ahok to dine with them. He accepted readily, and Mrs. Baldwin
+went on to say: &quot;We very much desire that Mrs. Ahok should come with you.
+We know your customs, but you have known us for a long time. Cannot Mrs.
+Ahok make <a name="Page_77" id="Page_77" />an exception and come on this occasion?&quot; He seemed very much
+troubled and replied: &quot;I would very greatly like to have my wife come, and
+she would enjoy doing so, and if there were no one here but Mr. Baldwin and
+you she would come. But other men will be here, and if she came her chair
+bearers would know it and her name be injured.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>As has been seen, Mr. Ahok was always very friendly to the missionaries and
+in sympathy with their work. The Anglo-Chinese College of the Methodist
+Mission, for example, was made possible by his generous gift. But it was
+some years before he became a Christian. When the step was finally taken,
+however, he proved to be a most ardent worker, giving generously to the
+work of several denominations in various parts of China, holding Christian
+services in his home, and doing earnest personal work among those with whom
+he came in contact in the transaction of his business, both in Foochow and
+on his trips to other cities.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Ahok was a very devout Buddhist and had no desire at all to learn of
+Christianity. She was, however, eager to learn English, and consented to
+learn it through the Bible, since Miss Foster, the English missionary who
+had been asked to instruct her in English, would <a name="Page_78" id="Page_78" />consent to give time from
+her other work only on that condition. &quot;I have often found her with the
+house full of idols, incense being burned before them,&quot; reads a letter from
+one of her friends. &quot;Our hearts were often discouraged, fearing that this
+Chinese lady would always love the idols.&quot; Even after her husband had
+become a Christian Mrs. Ahok insisted that she would never forsake the
+worship of her ancestors and follow the foreign religion. &quot;But,&quot; said Mrs.
+Baldwin, &quot;I felt very sure that a woman of her mind and character would yet
+follow her husband into the better life. Within a year after, she became a
+most earnest, loving, working disciple of Christ, ready to deny herself and
+bear her cross in many ways most trying to a Chinese lady.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Both Mrs. Ahok and her husband had intense opposition to meet, for it was
+not to be expected that members of families of such high rank should
+forsake the religion of their fathers without encountering bitter protest
+from their kindred. The opposition of mother and mother-in-law, both of
+whom lived in the home with them, was especially hard to bear. Mrs. Ahok's
+mother was intensely hostile to Christianity, and did everything possible
+to make things so unpleasant for her daughter that she would renounce her
+new faith. Mr.<a name="Page_79" id="Page_79" /> Ahok's mother was no less opposed at first; but gradually
+she became more willing to learn about Christianity, and for some time
+alternated between her idol worship and the Sunday and mid-week services
+and family prayers which Mr. Ahok held in his home. At length, after having
+thus compared the two religions for some time, she announced: &quot;You may take
+my idol away. Hereafter your God shall be my God.&quot; From that time on she
+was a radiant Christian, and it was not long until Mrs. Ahok's mother
+followed her example.</p>
+
+<p>At the time of the death of Mr. Ahok's mother, there occurred an
+interesting example of the way in which a Chinese can become an earnest
+Christian without becoming less Chinese thereby. In that part of China the
+wealthy families, and many of those of the middle classes, begin on the
+seventh day after a death a series of &quot;meritorious&quot; ceremonies for the
+repose and general benefit of the soul of the departed. In one form or
+another the ceremonies are repeated every seventh day thereafter until the
+forty-ninth day. Buddhist or Taoist priests are hired to conduct the
+ceremonies. Mr. Ahok, probably partly that he might not antagonize his
+relatives and friends by a disregard of their funeral customs, partly
+because of the opportunity for spreading the <a name="Page_80" id="Page_80" />knowledge of Christianity
+thus afforded, followed the custom of having such a gathering every seventh
+day. But instead of non-Christian ceremonies being held, the truths of
+Christianity were preached.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Ahok proved to be as active a worker as was her husband. When she had
+been a Christian only a very short time, the leader for the Friday night
+meeting held in their home failed to arrive. Evidently her husband was away
+on one of his business trips, for there was no one else there who could
+take charge of the service. So Mrs. Ahok said, &quot;I will lead it, though I am
+not very well instructed in the doctrines of Christianity.&quot; In telling of
+it afterward she said: &quot;I read about the woman who lost the piece of money
+and took a candle and searched for it; and about the sheep that was lost
+and found; and then there was singing and prayer; and I spoke to them, and
+I was able to speak a great deal for them to hear. God helped me and
+blessed me greatly in the service.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Soon after she had become a Christian she wrote a letter to the Woman's
+Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Church, to be read at their
+annual meeting. In it she says: &quot;The time for your meeting is so near that
+thoughts of it are constantly in my heart....<a name="Page_81" id="Page_81" /> We have meetings in our
+<i>hong</i> (store), and also meetings in our house every Friday evening. The
+praise for leading us to know the doctrine, and open the meetings, is all
+due to the sisters who have not minded that the road to China led them so
+away from their own country, but have come to teach us of Christianity.
+Although I do not presume to say that my heart has been deeply sown with
+gospel seed, yet I know that it has been changed into a different heart....
+Now I send you this letter of greeting, thanking you for your favours, and
+praising you for your great virtues. May God bless your fervour and spread
+abroad the doctrine of Christianity in my country. This is what I always
+pray.&quot;</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82" />II</h3>
+
+<h3>WORK AMONG THE WOMEN OF THE UPPER CLASSES</h3>
+
+
+<p>Interested in every form of Christian service, Mrs. Ahok was especially
+eager to share the joy of her new-found faith with the women of her own
+class, the wealthy aristocratic ladies whose secluded lives were so barren
+and empty, and to whom it was so difficult for a missionary to obtain
+access. She threw herself with whole-hearted eagerness into the work of the
+Church of England Zenana Society, whose mission is to these very women, and
+many are the testimonies to the inestimable value of the work which she
+did. As one of the missionaries wrote: &quot;She is of immense usefulness in
+getting the houses open, as she knows the high-class families, and is
+intensely earnest herself that her fellow-countrywomen should receive the
+glad news too. Her knowledge of the endless Chinese etiquette and customs,
+too, is of great service.&quot; How difficult it would have been to carry on
+work of this kind successfully without the help <a name="Page_83" id="Page_83" />of a Chinese lady of the
+&quot;four hundred,&quot; can be judged from the accounts of the work which the
+missionaries wrote home from time to time.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 640px;">
+<a href="images/img05.jpg"><img src="images/img05_th.jpg" width="640" height="324" alt="Reception Rooms in Chinese Homes of Wealth" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>Reception Rooms in Chinese Homes of Wealth</b>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;We have paid our first visit to some of the rich families in the
+    city. Mrs. Ahok sent a coolie on the day before to ask if they
+    could see us, and they having signified their willingness, we
+    agreed to meet Mrs. Ahok and go with her. We had some dinner at 12
+    o'clock, as the city is so far away it takes a great deal of time
+    to go, and then started in our sedan chairs to meet Mrs. Ahok. We
+    found her ready, waiting for us, dressed in a most lovely coral
+    pink jacket, beautifully embroidered, and with very pretty
+    ornaments in her hair....&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;After an hour and a half's ride through the narrow, crowded
+    streets of the suburbs we reached the city gates; then through more
+    streets even more thronged, till we reached the house. We were
+    carried through the large outer door, then through a small
+    courtyard, and our chairs put down in a row facing the partition
+    which shut off the next portion of the house. There we had to sit
+    some little time, as I fancy the ladies had not quite finished
+    dressing, but at last out came one of the heads of the family and
+    invited us in. We got out of our chairs and in turn made a sort of
+    low bow to the newcomer, shaking our own hands (Chinese fashion)
+    all the time. This over, she escorted us into an inner room....
+    There was a rug on the floor, a round table, some very high chairs
+    with straight backs, and <a name="Page_84" id="Page_84" />some mirrors. We sat in state some few
+    minutes and then more ladies came in one after another, and each
+    one we had to salute in the same ceremonious way....&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;We had to drink tea when we first went in, and later quite a meal
+    was spread on the round table, cakes, fruits, and tea again. We sat
+    at the table with about three of the principal ladies, and the
+    others looked on. I was a good deal struck with the respectful way
+    the young women treat the older ones, always rising when they enter
+    the room, and remaining standing until they are seated.... We were
+    invited to go and inspect the house, and I was soon quite
+    bewildered at the number of courtyards with rooms all round, which
+    we were led through. I think I was never before in so large a house
+    in China, all one story, but it must cover a great deal of ground.
+    The number of people, too, seemed very great; wives, sons' wives,
+    brothers' wives, children in dozens and scores, servants and slave
+    girls to any number&mdash;altogether in that one establishment, one
+    hundred and twenty people.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;At last we finished our tour of inspection, and arrived again in
+    the inner court; but alas! more refreshments were waiting, a bowl
+    of soup for each of us, with some white stuff inside.... We got
+    through the greater part of the concoction, wiped our mouths with a
+    cloth wrung out in very hot water presented to us by a slave girl,
+    and began to take our leave, bowed to the ladies of the house,
+    begged them to be seated, informed them that we had <a name="Page_85" id="Page_85" />given them
+    much trouble, but felt grateful for their kindness, and amid
+    repeated requests to 'walk slowly, slowly,' we reached our chairs,
+    alternately calling our thanks, and requests to them to be seated.
+    It is a great thing, going with Mrs. Ahok, for one has a good
+    opportunity of learning many little customs which please them
+    greatly.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;We then proceeded to another house, where we went through much the
+    same etiquette. We were received by a very pleasant old lady and
+    her daughter-in-law, a nice young woman with four dear little
+    children, three of them boys. The old lady is a widow; her husband
+    when living was a mandarin, and her eldest son is now at Peking,
+    preparing to be a mandarin also. We were obliged to drink tea
+    again, and after some time the old lady invited us into her own
+    bedroom, a very much cleaner room than one sees generally, with
+    white matting on the floor and some good furniture. She was very
+    proud of it, but according to Chinese fashion kept exclaiming that
+    it was such a dirty bad room, that she could hardly ask us into it,
+    but we must excuse it, as it was 'an old woman's room.' We had the
+    concertina brought in again and sang several hymns to which they
+    listened very quietly. One of us read a verse and explained it
+    before singing it, and Mrs. Ahok joined heartily, most bravely
+    acknowledging herself to be a Christian, and telling her friends
+    how happy she was. We then went through the house, and about the
+    middle of the establishment we came <a name="Page_86" id="Page_86" />on a little enclosure where
+    trees were growing, and a pond of water with a rookery behind it
+    looked quite pretty.... When we left they begged us to come again,
+    and Mrs. Ahok is so pleased with the reception we received that she
+    is anxious, if possible, to arrange for us to go again next week.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>Even more formidable than ceremonious social calls in wealthy Chinese
+homes, is the thought of entertaining the aristocracy in one's own home.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;I want to tell you about our grand feast,&quot; one lady writes. &quot;We
+    had been entertained at several houses, and wished to try to get on
+    more friendly terms with some of the rich city ladies. We feared
+    that they would never be willing to come so far, they so seldom
+    leave their houses for anything. However, through our unfailing
+    friend, Mrs. Ahok, we sent invitations asking them to come and dine
+    with us.... Sixteen ladies promised to come. The day before, we had
+    to remind them of the day and hour; but according to Chinese
+    etiquette we only sent our cards, and the messenger explained his
+    errand....&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;Well, at last the day arrived, and we were busy all the morning
+    making the house look as bright as we could, and getting chairs put
+    about in the verandas and passages. Mrs. Ahok came first, very
+    kindly, and advised us how best to set the tables, etc. She ordered
+    the feast for us, as the Chinese always do, from <a name="Page_87" id="Page_87" />a shop. So much
+    is paid for a table and everything is provided. Mrs. Ahok lent us
+    all her own pretty things for the table, lovely little silver cups,
+    ornamented silver spoons, red china tea cups with silver stands,
+    and ivory chopsticks mounted with silver; so we were very grand. We
+    had two tables, ten at each. We were twenty in all, counting
+    ourselves.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;At last they began to arrive, and we were kept busy receiving, and
+    conducting them to their seats in the drawing-room. Tea had to be
+    offered at once, and that was hard to manage as none of our men
+    servants might come into the room; so Tuang had to do it all. I do
+    wish you could have peeped in and seen them all sitting about our
+    drawing-room. To us it was a sight that made our hearts dance for
+    joy&mdash;and it was a pretty sight too. Some dresses were quite lovely,
+    all the colours of the rainbow, and beautifully embroidered....&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;Next on the programme came what the Chinese call '<i>Tieng sieng</i>,'
+    fruit and cakes; and during the interval they wandered all over the
+    house examining everything, and we moved about, talking first to
+    one and then to another. Several little things much encouraged
+    us&mdash;their friendly, pleasant manner and evident pleasure, and the
+    earnest way in which they pressed us to go again to visit them. One
+    old lady, of a rich mandarin family, said to me in a confidential
+    way, behind her fan: 'Come and see me some day when you have plenty
+    of time, and tell me all about the doctrine, slowly, slowly. I
+    would like to understand about it.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;<a name="Page_88" id="Page_88" />At last the feast was announced, and then came the critical
+    point&mdash;seating them at table. One table is supposed to be high, the
+    other low, in point of honour, and at each table the seats are all
+    in order (one, two, three, four, etc.), and it is a mortal offence
+    to give a low seat to one who should be placed high. Mrs. Ahok came
+    to our aid again and pointed out each lady according to her rank
+    and Miss &mdash;&mdash; escorted her to her place. We ourselves had, of
+    course, to take the lowest places.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;Mrs. Ahok then asked a blessing and we began. The principal dish
+    is placed in the centre of the table and the hostess with her own
+    chopsticks helps the guests, all the time urging them to eat, and
+    apologizing for the food, saying she is sorry she has nothing fit
+    for them to eat. Mrs. Ahok did the chief part of these duties for
+    us, and we tried to watch her and do as she did. About two hours we
+    sat at the table, and at last, when we were nearly exhausted,
+    bowls of hot water were brought in, and a cloth wrung out was
+    handed to each person to wash her mouth and hands. The effect on
+    these powdered and painted faces was very funny, but Mrs. Ahok had
+    prepared us for this emergency also, and had sent over her own
+    dressing box&mdash;such a beautiful large one&mdash;fitted up with everything
+    they could need, powders, paints, and all complete. The ladies were
+    quite charmed and delighted to find such a thing in a foreign
+    house, and adjourned upstairs with great delight to beautify
+    themselves.<a name="Page_89" id="Page_89" /> We heard them telling each other that it was just as
+    if they had been at home....&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;At length they said they must go, and we had great leave-taking,
+    bowing and scraping, and thanks, and apologies for having troubled
+    us so much, and assurances on our part that it was all pleasure;
+    and finally off they went, and we sat down to cool ourselves, and
+    drink tea, and chat with Mrs. Ahok. She was very glad and thankful
+    that all went off so well, but quite tired after her exertions, and
+    sat holding her poor little bound feet in her hands, saying they
+    did ache so.&quot;</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90" />III</h3>
+
+<h3>A JOURNEY TO ENGLAND</h3>
+
+
+<p>One day when Mrs. Ahok went to call on one of her English friends, Miss
+Bradshaw, she was startled to find that the physician had ordered her to
+leave for England on the next steamer, sailing three days later. &quot;I wish
+you could go with me, Mrs. Ahok,&quot; Miss Bradshaw said, when she had told her
+of the physician's decision. This was a very remarkable suggestion to make
+to this little Chinese woman, whose life had been such a secluded one that
+a few years before she would not even accept an invitation to dinner with
+the Baldwins, since there were to be foreign gentlemen present. Only a
+short time before, when the Baldwins were returning to America and Mrs.
+Ahok had gone with them, on her husband's launch, to the steamer anchorage,
+twelve miles away, they had considered it a great honour, since this
+Chinese friend had never been so far from home before. But Mrs. Ahok's
+response was even more remarkable than Miss Bradshaw's proposition; for <a name="Page_91" id="Page_91" />in
+three days her little Chinese trunks packed and ticketed, &quot;Dublin,
+Ireland.&quot; Mr. Ahok had heartily consented to his wife's going; and she,
+unwilling to have her sick friend take the long journey alone, and mindful
+of the service she might perform for her people in England, by telling of
+their need and pleading for workers, quickly decided to go.</p>
+
+<p>A letter from a friend who was with her the day she sailed shows the spirit
+with which she took this remarkable step: &quot;I was impressed with two things;
+her implicit confidence in her missionary friend, and her sweet, innocent
+trust in the love and care of her Heavenly Father. She was leaving an
+elegant home and a large household, and in giving last advice to servants
+and children her voice was clear and joyous, but I noticed that she often
+furtively wiped the tears off her cheeks. In her good-bye to her dearly
+loved aged mother, whose grief was inconsolable, she said: 'Don't grieve,
+don't worry, just pray and God will take care of me and I will come back.
+Then we will sit here together and I will have so many things to tell you.'
+Again and again she said to her children, 'Study your lessons diligently
+and pray night and morning.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Ahok sailed from Foochow the 26th of January, 1890. At Hong Kong she
+was <a name="Page_92" id="Page_92" />told, &quot;There are a hundred miseries ahead of you,&quot; but she answered
+unflinchingly, &quot;If there were a thousand more I would go.&quot; From Singapore
+she wrote to her husband:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;Yesterday we arrived here at twelve o'clock. Diong Chio (her
+    servant, who accompanied her) wishes very much to go back to
+    Foochow. But I think now I have come so far on the way, I wish very
+    much to obey God's will and go on to England.... Yesterday we drove
+    in a horse carriage to see Mrs. Cooke. We saw Mrs. Ting's relatives
+    in the school.... It is very hot here, like Foochow in the sixth
+    moon. I wish you very much to take care of yourself and take care
+    of the children, and do not let them play too much.... I send
+    <i>chang angs</i> (greetings) to the Christian brothers and sisters, so
+    many I cannot name them all, but greet them all. Please sometimes
+    comfort my mother's heart and cheer her that she may be happy in
+    trusting in God all the time. Write to me in Chinese characters,
+    and I can then read it myself; or sometimes, if more convenient, in
+    English, and Miss Bradshaw will read it to me.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>A letter from Penang, written two days later, reads:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;Leaving Singapore, a Chinese lady and gentleman came on board our
+    boat to come to their home here in Penang. I saw the lady was very
+    sad ... so I talked with them, and found they knew your friend in
+    Singapore.<a name="Page_93" id="Page_93" /> I spoke to them of God and the Christian doctrine, and
+    they were very glad to hear. When we arrived here they invited me
+    to their house to breakfast, which was quite a feast. Their house
+    is very beautiful, four stories high. They afterward took me to
+    call on some friends, and then brought me back to the boat on
+    time.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>At Colombo she and Miss Bradshaw were met by Miss Bradshaw's sister and
+brother-in-law, whose home was in that city. Mrs. Ahok wrote from there:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;We are staying two days and two nights, until our boat starts for
+    England.... In the evening when it was cool our friends took us to
+    drive, and to call on some Christian people. We saw carriages and
+    horses, so many, running <i>so</i> fast; and the roads and streets are
+    <i>so</i> wide many carriages can go together on them. We passed many
+    black people; nearly all the people are black. We saw many women
+    and girls with their ears full and covered with ear-rings, and some
+    in their noses too, and some <i>men</i> also wear ear-rings. I see the
+    black people, I think how wonderful God's love must be, to give His
+    Son to die for <i>all the world</i>, these black people as well as for
+    us. The friends here said they were glad I was going to England to
+    tell the people there about the heathen. They promised all to pray
+    for me, and I want you also to pray that I may fulfil God's will,
+    and do <a name="Page_94" id="Page_94" />much for God's kingdom in England, and then come back
+    quickly home.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;It is very hot here, but the evenings and early mornings are cool.
+    Every one goes out to work, or walk, or drive, from daybreak until
+    the sun is hot, and breakfast at ten o'clock. I want to know, when
+    you write, what Heli is doing; and now I am away from home you will
+    take great care of all the children. Please <i>chang ang</i> all friends
+    and relatives, and Dr. and Mrs. Sites, and take great care of
+    yourself, that when I return I may find all well. Tell me how the
+    boys are, and don't allow Jimmy to climb the trees. Comfort my
+    mother and tell her all I have written.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>Mrs. Ahok was the second Chinese lady of rank to visit England, the first
+one being the wife of the Chinese ambassador. She was the first Christian
+Chinese woman England had ever known, and everywhere excited much interest
+and won warm friends. <i>The Christian</i> of London gives an account of a
+meeting held in the Parochial Hall at Clontarf near Dublin, at which the
+chairman proposed the following resolution:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;This meeting having assembled to welcome Miss Bradshaw on her
+    return from China; and having learned the extraordinary friendship,
+    tenderness, and devotedness of her Chinese friend, the Honourable
+    Lady of Diong Ahok, mandarin of Foochow, who had at a few hours'<a name="Page_95" id="Page_95" />
+    notice decided to break through national customs and leave her home
+    and family, rather than allow Miss Bradshaw to undertake the
+    journey alone; hereby records its unbounded admiration of such
+    Christian sympathy, and brave and generous conduct; and they trust
+    that her own and her husband's desire that her visit may excite
+    fresh Christian workers to go to China, may be abundantly
+    fulfilled.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>The report of the meeting goes on to say:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;This resolution being carried, Miss Bradshaw intimated to Lady
+    Ahok the purport of what had taken place, and asked her to say a
+    few words of acknowledgment. Accordingly, with the greatest
+    simplicity and self-possession she said (each word of her sentences
+    being translated by Miss Bradshaw) that she was very glad to meet
+    them all, and was very thankful to have been brought to England;
+    that her faith in God had enabled her to come.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>The Tenth Annual meeting of the Church of England Zenana Society was held
+in Princes Hall, London, during Mrs. Ahok's visit to England, and she was
+one of the principal speakers. In spite of heavy and incessant rain the
+audience began to assemble before the doors were open. Numbers stood
+throughout, and many more failed to gain admission. Standing quietly before
+the large audience, Mrs. Ahok gave her message so effectively <a name="Page_96" id="Page_96" />that when
+she sat down, the chairman, Sir Charles N. Aitchison, exclaimed: &quot;Did you
+ever hear a more simple, more touching appeal under such circumstances? I
+never did.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Stating the purpose of her visit to England Mrs. Ahok said:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;I have come from China&mdash;from Foochow&mdash;and come to England for what
+    business and what purpose? The road here was <i>very</i> difficult,
+    sitting in a boat for so long! Very tiresome it was, to be on the
+    rough sea, with wind and waves for the first time! My servant Diong
+    Chio and I have come here. We are strangers! We raise our eyes and
+    look on people's faces, but we can see no one we know&mdash;no relative,
+    no one like ourselves&mdash;all truly strange! I left my little boy, my
+    husband, my mother&mdash;all this: for what purpose, do you think? It is
+    only entirely for the sake of Christ's Gospel that I have come.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;It is not for the sake of seeing a new place and new people, or
+    any beautiful thing; we have in China quite close to us new
+    places&mdash;beautiful places. I have never seen <i>them</i> yet; so why
+    should I come so far to see other places? They may be very good to
+    see, but not for this could I leave my household and people. I
+    cannot speak your words, I do not know any one, and your food is
+    quite different from ours: nothing is at all the same as that to
+    which I am accustomed....&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;... It was God's Holy Spirit that led <a name="Page_97" id="Page_97" />me to come. He wanted me to
+    do what? Not to amuse <i>myself</i>, but to ask and invite <i>you</i> to come
+    to China to tell the doctrine of Christ. How could you know the
+    needs of China without hearing them? How could you hear unless I
+    came to tell you? Now you can know, for I say the harvest in China
+    is <i>very</i> great, but the labourers are <i>so</i> few. Now my great
+    desire is that the Gospel of Christ may be known on earth as it is
+    in heaven. It is not yet known in China, and because the great
+    houses have not yet heard the Gospel, all their money is spent on
+    the idols, sacrifices, and burning incense.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;In this country <i>some</i> help to spread the Gospel, some go to other
+    countries to tell those who have never heard, but some (a great
+    many) are not helping in any way: though they have all heard
+    themselves, they are living here only to obey their own wills, for
+    their own pleasure in this world! How pitiable! We all know the
+    Gospel of Christ; let us then not follow the heathen (who have
+    never heard) in caring for the things of this world. The Bible
+    says, 'If a man receives all the riches of this world, and loses
+    his own soul' (and the souls of many others), 'what can it profit
+    him?'...&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;I am only here for a very little, then I must go back to Foochow,
+    where there are so many large houses full of ladies; the workers
+    are so very few now. At this time only one <i>ku-niong</i> is there to
+    visit all the great city houses. She is not enough to visit so
+    many; <a name="Page_98" id="Page_98" />and it is said that in these mandarin houses their ears have
+    never yet heard the doctrine.... Now I pray God to cause, whether
+    <i>ku-niongs</i> (unmarried ladies) or <i>sing-sang-niongs</i> (married
+    ladies), <i>quickly</i> to go and enter these houses with the Gospel.
+    Now I ask you, raise up hot hearts in yourselves and quickly help
+    us.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;First. Will you come back to China with me?&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;Second. If <i>you</i> cannot, will you cause others to come, by sending
+    them and doing what you can to help them to come?&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>Mrs. Ahok had planned for a six months' visit in England, but word came
+that her husband was ill, and she left in July, after a stay of a little
+less than four months, during which she had addressed large audiences in
+approximately one hundred meetings in England and Ireland. The impression
+she had made there may be gathered from a paragraph which appeared in
+<i>India's Women and China's Daughters</i>, after she had left:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;Those who saw Mrs. Ahok's earnest face, and listened to some of
+    the most simple and heart-stirring words ever heard on an English
+    platform, will recall the impression her plea for her countrywomen
+    then made.... If God should open the way for Mrs. Ahok again to
+    visit England, she will be welcomed as one who brought home the
+    reality of missions to <a name="Page_99" id="Page_99" />many a conscience in England, and revived
+    the flagging spirits to zeal for the Lord of Hosts!&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>Mrs. Ahok went home by way of Canada, accompanied by Miss Mead, one of the
+new workers for whom she had been pleading. She did not realize how
+seriously ill her husband was, for he had written cheerfully: &quot;Tell Mrs.
+Ahok that I have been a little ill for some weeks and that now I am staying
+at the Ato house. I find it very restful staying quietly at the old
+home.... Tell Mrs. Ahok, please, not to worry at all about me.&quot; On saying
+good-bye to friends in England Mrs. Ahok told them that she hoped to come
+again, and that the next time it would be with her husband. She was thus
+spared the keen anxiety throughout the long journey which she must have
+suffered, had she realized her husband's condition. She wrote back to Miss
+Bradshaw from Montreal, telling of her safe arrival and expressing her
+gratitude that although she and her maid had both suffered severely from
+sea-sickness, they had been well taken care of by &quot;a woman who was a
+worshipper of God.&quot; At Vancouver she had to wait some days for her steamer,
+and she wrote from there on July 26:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;All well, all peace. From the time I left England a month has
+    passed away. I keep <a name="Page_100" id="Page_100" />thinking constantly of the meetings in England
+    which we had together. Now we are in this place waiting for the
+    ship and therefore we had this very good opportunity for work. I
+    have been invited by the minister of the church here to speak at
+    meetings. I have done so six times. Because this is a new place,
+    and there are men and women who do not at all believe the Gospel,
+    but who like to hear about Chinese ways and customs, therefore they
+    all greatly wish me to go to these meetings. I think this is also
+    God's leading for us, that we could not proceed on our journey, but
+    must spend this time here.... To-day is Saturday; this afternoon at
+    half-past three we are to have another meeting; to-morrow we go on
+    board ship to return to China.... When you have an opportunity,
+    give my greetings to all my Christian friends.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>After Mrs. Ahok was back in China, she had a letter from the minister of
+the Methodist church in Vancouver telling her that three new missionary
+societies had been formed as a result of her few days' stay. He added,
+&quot;Your stay here has been an inspiration to us; the fortnight has been one
+of blessing to us all.&quot;</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101" />IV</h3>
+
+<h3>PATIENT IN TRIBULATION</h3>
+
+
+<p>The long anticipated home-coming was a very sad one. During the hot summer
+months Mr. Ahok had grown steadily weaker, and he died almost three months
+before his wife reached Foochow. It was a great comfort to those who had
+been instrumental in arranging for Mrs. Ahok's trip to England to remember
+how fully her husband had approved of the plan. Miss Bradshaw said: &quot;I
+shall never forget the bright way in which Mr. Ahok faced all the dangers
+and difficulties of the journey on which he was sending Mrs. Ahok. As he
+said good-bye at the anchorage, he said he did it gladly, for the sake of
+getting more workers for China.&quot; Not even when sick and suffering did he
+regret having let his wife go, although he missed her greatly. He wrote
+Miss Bradshaw, during his illness, &quot;I realize how great God's grace is, in
+allowing Mrs. Ahok to visit England, and I am so thankful to all the
+Christian friends who have helped her and been kind to her.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102" />Mrs. Ahok's brother, her nephew, and Dr. Sites, who had long been a friend
+of hers and of Mr. Ahok's, met her with a houseboat at the steamer
+anchorage; and during the twelve-mile ride up the river, the sad news was
+told. The shock almost stunned Mrs. Ahok at first, but with realization
+came heart-rending grief. Miss Mead, the young missionary who had come from
+England with her, wrote soon after their arrival: &quot;Yesterday afternoon I
+went with three of the ladies to see her. The expression on her face was
+altered and according to Chinese custom she was very shabbily dressed. Her
+jewels were taken off. She keeps saying, 'If I could only see him once more
+and tell him all I have done in England!'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Added to her grief for her husband, Mrs. Ahok had to bear the taunts and
+reproaches of her non-Christian relatives, who told her that all this
+trouble had come as a just punishment of the gods, because she had forsaken
+the religion of her ancestors, and violated the customs of her country in
+leaving it for so many months to visit a foreign land. Not only this, but
+taking advantage of her refusal to perform certain rites of non-Christian
+worship which are a part of the legal ceremony connected with the
+inheritance of property, they <a name="Page_103" id="Page_103" />seized Mr. Ahok's estate, and the dainty
+little woman who had always been accustomed to every comfort, and even
+luxury, was left with little but the house in which she lived. Moreover a
+fresh sorrow followed close upon the first one, as her mother lived only a
+short time after her return.</p>
+
+<p>But in spite of these heavy burdens, the rare courage which had so often
+been evidenced before, soon began to reassert itself. Miss Mead was soon
+able to write: &quot;Mrs. Ahok spoke a little at the Bible-women's meeting on
+Tuesday, and for the first time came here afterward and had a cup of tea,
+and saw my room. She is brighter, and I am glad to tell you that she was
+able to say that the peace of God was still hers. Jimmy Ahok (her little
+son) was present at Miss Davis' wedding.&quot; Nor was Mrs. Ahok too absorbed in
+her grief to remember her friend in her happiness, for little Jimmy carried
+with him a beautiful bunch of flowers for the bride.</p>
+
+<p>As soon as the news of Mr. Ahok's death reached England, a letter of
+sympathy signed by nearly five hundred of Mrs. Ahok's friends in England
+was sent to her. Its closing paragraph must have brought her comfort in the
+knowledge that her journey had not been made in vain:<a name="Page_104" id="Page_104" /></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;We bless God for your coming to England. We have learned to know
+    and love you. Your words are not forgotten. The seed God enabled
+    you to sow is already bearing some fruit, and will, we believe,
+    bring forth much more. One sister has gone with you; we send this
+    by the hands of three more. We know others who were led by your
+    words to offer themselves for Christ's work in China. Two of them
+    are now being trained for the mission field. This will cheer your
+    heart.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>To this, Mrs. Ahok replied:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;I thank you all very much for your sympathy, and for sending such
+    good words to comfort me. I rejoiced greatly to hear your words.
+    When I was in England I was a great trouble to you, and I must
+    thank you for all your kindness to me then....&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;After leaving England I reached Foochow at the end of the seventh
+    moon, and then heard that my beloved husband had left this world
+    and been called home by God to His kingdom in heaven. At that time
+    I was very sad and distressed, and my distress was the greater
+    because I had no one to carry on our business. Being anxious about
+    money matters, therefore, these many days, I have failed to reply
+    to your letter and to send you my salutations, and thank you all
+    for your great love.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;Now because I cannot carry on trade myself, therefore I have
+    determined to close our business and pay all debts; and the British
+    consul has kindly acted for me in this matter.<a name="Page_105" id="Page_105" /> My hope is that God
+    will enable me to sell this house in which I am living, and then I
+    shall have a competency. It is because I fear that I shall not have
+    enough to feed, clothe, and educate my children that I wish to sell
+    this house. As soon as I have done this I think I shall be able,
+    with the missionary ladies, to visit the houses of the gentry, and
+    have worship with the Chinese ladies, and exhort them all to
+    embrace Christianity. Thus I shall be doing the Lord's work. I
+    trust you will all pray for me, and trust that in some future time
+    an opportunity may be given me of again visiting England and
+    America to work for the Lord. This is the true desire of my heart.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;At this time I seem to have no heart to write, but I send this
+    letter to you to express my thanks. Another day I may write again.
+    My two little children send their greeting, and I add my own. After
+    my return home an additional trouble came upon me because my mother
+    was called home to God. But so far as she is concerned death must
+    be reckoned happiness. She with my husband, earlier than myself,
+    are enjoying the eternal bliss of heaven. I will thank you to give
+    my salutations to all the sisters and ministers whom I know.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>Mrs. Ahok soon began again the work among the upper class women which had
+been her great joy, heartily co-operating with both American and English
+missionaries in their efforts for these women. Miss Ruth Sites, of <a name="Page_106" id="Page_106" />the
+American Methodist Mission, was very eager to do something for the young
+girls of this class, and Mrs. Ahok gladly lent her influence, with such
+effect that Miss Sites was enabled to start a small school. Here a good
+education was given to the daughters of the official class, and
+Christianity was so taught and lived that by the end of the second year all
+but two of the pupils were Christians. Miss Sites wrote also of the help
+that Mrs. Ahok gave in taking her to call in the homes which it would
+otherwise have been impossible for her to reach.</p>
+
+<p>The Church of England Mission had for some years maintained a school for
+the daughters of the Chinese Christians in Foochow; but a few years after
+Mrs. Ahok's return from England they began to feel the urgent need of
+another school, where girls from non-Christian families could be educated.
+When Mrs. Ahok's advice was asked, she heartily approved of the plan and
+advised that it be attempted, offering to rent her home to the Mission for
+a school building, and promising also to help in the teaching. Moreover she
+was invaluable in interesting her non-Christian friends in the school, and
+it rapidly grew from four to forty-five, with such prospects of future
+prosperity that the house next door to Mrs.<a name="Page_107" id="Page_107" /> Ahok's was also rented, and a
+new dormitory and dining-room were built.</p>
+
+<p>Girls brought up in non-Christian homes are of course very different from
+the daughters of Christian parents, and Mrs. Ahok warned the missionaries
+at the outset that they would be very difficult to manage, and herself drew
+up the school rules. Her services were of the greatest value, both in this
+school and in the School for High Class Girls established by the Church of
+England Zenana Society a few years later, of which she was made the matron.
+&quot;She makes the girls love her, and her influence over them is good,&quot; wrote
+one of the teachers. &quot;A fortnight ago some money was stolen out of a
+drawer. I was very sad about it, and the girls were urged to confess, but
+until yesterday no one spoke. Yesterday Amy told Mrs. Ahok that she had
+taken it and asked her to tell me.&quot; Again she wrote: &quot;Mrs. Ahok makes a
+very good matron of the school, and an excellent hostess to the many
+visitors who come to see the school. Whenever an opening is given Mrs. Ahok
+and I return the call, and usually get good opportunities of delivering the
+message.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Testimony is also borne to Mrs. Ahok's effective work among the mothers of
+the pupils of the school. One of her great joys is a <a name="Page_108" id="Page_108" />weekly meeting in
+that wing of the Church Missionary Society's hospital which was erected in
+memory of her husband, and set aside for the use of women patients.</p>
+
+<p>Throughout her life of whole-hearted service for the women and girls of her
+country, Mrs. Ahok has been a most devoted mother to her adopted son,
+Charlie, and her own child, who was always known as Jimmy. The latter
+inherited his mother's quick mind, and made such a good record at the
+college which his father's generous gift had founded many years before,
+that after his graduation he was asked to return as one of the faculty. The
+beauty of his life was the crowning tribute to his mother. At a meeting
+held in Foochow, an American, who had recently come there as an insurance
+agent, told how much impressed he had been by a young Chinese to whom he
+had been talking, and added that if the Christian schools turned out young
+men like that, he thought the work was indeed worth while. The young man
+was Jimmy Ahok.</p>
+
+<p>In the summer of 1904 the young man's wife was very ill, and through the
+hot summer weeks he cared for her night and day with such devotion that his
+own health gave out. It was some time before he would admit that he was
+ill; but he was finally forced to suc<a name="Page_109" id="Page_109" />cumb to a severe attack of pneumonia,
+which ended his life within a very few days. His only anxiety seemed to be
+that he had not done enough work for his non-Christian neighbours. &quot;I have
+not tried enough to influence the neighbours,&quot; he told his mother. &quot;When I
+get well I will have a service for them and teach them to worship God.&quot; His
+death was a great blow to his mother, but her work has again been her
+solace.</p>
+
+<p>One of her friends wrote to England, at the time of her son's death, that
+the thought that her friends in England would be praying for her was one of
+the greatest sources of comfort to Mrs. Ahok. In the midst of her busy life
+in China she has never forgotten England nor her friends there. Some years
+after her return to China, she sent her greetings to her English friends by
+one of the returning missionaries, and bade her ask them: &quot;Have you done,
+and are you doing, all you resolved to do for my sisters in China? So many
+missionaries have been called home, there can be no lack of <i>knowledge</i> now
+as to the needs of the heathen. With so many to witness to them, how great
+is the increase of <i>responsibility</i> to Christians at home.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>She wrote to the women of the Church of England Zenana Society: &quot;You
+rejoiced to <a name="Page_110" id="Page_110" />help many ladies to come to Foochow to act as light-bearers
+and induce those who were sitting in darkness to cast away the false and
+embrace the true, and to put away all the wicked and evil customs. The work
+which these ladies are doing is of great value and has helped many. They
+have preached the gospel in all the region; they have tended the sick in
+the Mission hospitals; they have opened schools for women and girls in
+several places, and in my own house. In my own house there are now
+thirty-nine scholars, some of whom have unbound their feet; and some have
+been baptized. I myself every week teach in this school, and I also go to
+the hospital and talk to the sick people. I trust that this seed so widely
+sown will presently bear fruit, some thirty, some sixty, some a hundred
+fold. You will remember that when I was in England I told you of the state
+of things in China; and I hope you will not forget my words but will do
+your utmost to help China, that God's promised reward may hereafter be
+yours.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Ahok is daily giving herself, in whole-hearted service, to her
+countrywomen. A fellow-worker has recently written of her:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;She is winning her way into the hearts of the people in the Manchu
+    settlement. Always bright and cheerful, and ready to tell the<a name="Page_111" id="Page_111" />
+    Story, she is welcomed wherever she goes. When I think of her past
+    life of ease as the daughter, and later the wife, of an official, I
+    marvel at her spirit of consecration. Quietly she goes from house
+    to house in search of those who are willing to listen. Miles she
+    has walked over the hot stone pavements. 'If my people will only
+    believe in Christ, I shall be well repaid,' she says.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>A true Christian woman, whose courage has flinched at no sacrifice, who has
+borne the loss of husband, mother, son, and property, and the reproaches of
+non-Christian relatives, with a peace and a faith unshakeable and
+convincing, Mrs. Ahok is accomplishing much by what she does, doubtless
+even more by what she is.<a name="Page_112" id="Page_112" /><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113" /></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>
+DR. IDA KAHN</h3>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+
+<tr><td align='right'>I.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'><a href="#Page_115">Childhood in Three Countries</a></td>
+  </tr>
+
+<tr><td align='right'>II.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'><a href="#Page_121">At the University of Michigan</a></td>
+  </tr>
+
+<tr><td align='right'>III.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'><a href="#Page_126">Seven Years in Kiukiang</a></td>
+  </tr>
+
+<tr><td align='right'>IV.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'><a href="#Page_140">Pioneer Work in Nanchang</a></td>
+  </tr>
+
+</table>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114" /><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115" /></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<a href="images/img06.jpg"><img src="images/img06_th.jpg" width="400" height="635" alt="Dr. Ida Kahn" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>Dr. Ida Kahn</b>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>DR. IDA KAHN</h2>
+
+<h3>I</h3>
+
+<h3>CHILDHOOD IN THREE COUNTRIES</h3>
+
+
+<p>By the time little Ida Kahn first opened her eyes in Kiukiang, China,
+little girls had become a drug on the market in her family. Her parents had
+long been eager for a son, but each of the five babies who had come was a
+daughter, and now this sixth one was a little girl, too. According to
+Chinese custom, they called in the old blind fortune-teller to declare her
+fate and give advice concerning her future. His verdict was discouraging
+for he told them that she must be killed or given away to another family,
+since as long as she remained in the home the long-desired son would never
+come to them. The parents were not willing to end the little life, so they
+determined to engage the baby to a little boy in a neighbouring family, and
+give her to the family of her betrothed to bring up. But when they called
+the fortune-teller again to ask his judgment on the proposed betrothal, he
+de<a name="Page_116" id="Page_116" />clared that the little girl had been born under the dog star, the boy
+under the cat star, and therefore the betrothal was not to be thought of.
+The family's perplexity as to what to do with this superfluous little
+daughter became known to the neighbours, and one of them, who was teaching
+Chinese to Miss Howe and Miss Hoag of the Methodist Mission, told them
+about it. That very afternoon they took their sedan chairs and went and got
+the baby. Thus, when only two months old, Ida was adopted by Miss Howe,
+whom she always calls &quot;my mother,&quot; and of whom she says, &quot;There is no one
+like her in the world.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The same year that little Ida was born, Miss Howe and Miss Hoag had
+succeeded in starting a school for girls in Kiukiang, the first girls'
+school in that part of China. In this school, as soon as she was old
+enough, Ida began to study. When she was nine years old Miss Howe went to
+America and took the little girl with her. They were in San Francisco at
+this time, and there Ida attended a mission school for the Chinese girls of
+the city. As most of the other pupils belonged to Cantonese families, and
+spoke a Chinese dialect very different from that of Kiukiang, she did not
+learn very much at school; but her stay in America, at the age when it is
+so <a name="Page_117" id="Page_117" />easy for children to acquire languages, helped her very much in
+learning English. On her way back to China Miss Howe stayed in Japan for
+several months, and there again Ida attended school.</p>
+
+<p>On returning to China, Miss Howe was asked to work in a newly opened
+station of the Methodist Mission at Chung King, a city of western China,
+located on the Yangtse River many miles above Kiukiang, and many days'
+journey into the interior. During their stay there, Ida continued her
+studies, tutored by Miss Howe and Miss Wheeler, of the same mission. The
+stay in Chung King lasted only two years, for in 1886 the mission compound
+was completely destroyed by a mob, and the missionaries had to flee for
+their lives. For two weeks Ida, with some other Chinese girls, was in
+hiding in the home of a friendly carpenter, while the missionaries were
+hidden in the governor's yamen. At the end of that time they all succeeded
+in making their escape from the city, and the little girl, who had already
+had so many more experiences in her short life than the average Chinese
+woman has in threescore years and ten, had the new adventure of a trip of
+several days through the gorges of the Yangtse River. The river is always
+dangerous at this point because of the swift rapids, <a name="Page_118" id="Page_118" />but was so unusually
+so at that season, when the summer floods were beginning, that only
+extraordinary pressure would have induced any one to venture on it. The
+trip to the coast was made in safety, however, and after another stay of a
+few months in Japan, Miss Howe and her charge went back to Kiukiang, and
+Ida again entered the school there.</p>
+
+<p>Miss Howe was desirous that the people in America who were interested in
+the Kiukiang school should be kept informed of its progress; but with her
+many duties it was difficult for her to find time for frequent letters, so
+she sometimes asked Ida to write for her. Extracts from one of these
+letters, written when Ida was fifteen, and sent with no revision at all,
+show something of this little Chinese girl's acquaintance with English:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='smcap'>&quot;Dear Mrs. &mdash;&mdash;:&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;We have at present twenty-four scholars and four babies. We are
+    not many in numbers, but we hope that we may not prove the works of
+    missionaries in vain. The rules of this school are different from
+    others, since only girls of Christian families are allowed to
+    study. Girls of non-Christian families are allowed to study if they
+    are willing to pay their board. They also furnish their own
+    clothes. For these reasons our school contains girls from many
+    places since Christian girls are few....<a name="Page_119" id="Page_119" /> In Kiukiang only one
+    Christian family have their girls at this school. The pastor of the
+    church over the river sends his eldest daughter. She has been my
+    companion from babyhood, and we were only separated when she went
+    to Chin Kiang and I to Chung King. She and her sisters never had
+    their feet bound. She is the first girl in Kiukiang who never bound
+    her feet. Her name is Mary Stone. She and I study together both in
+    English and Chinese.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;Her mother came a few weeks ago and stayed with us one week. One
+    day Mary and I went with her to visit the homes of missionaries;
+    when we came back Mrs. Stone suggested that we should go and see
+    her uncle. Mary and I hesitated a little; for we were not used to
+    visiting Chinese homes, especially after New Year when people are
+    very ceremonious. When we arrived at the home we found that they
+    had a New Year's party there, although it was the second month. The
+    reason was this; at the time of the New Year Chinese ladies do not
+    step outside their houses till they are invited to a party, and as
+    invitations do not come until nearly the end of the first month it
+    is common to continue to the second month.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;Mrs. Stone's friends were very glad to see her, for they had not
+    met for a long time. The party consisted of three elderly ladies,
+    besides the hostess, and three young girls besides the young
+    daughter of the house. They were dressed principally in bright
+    blue, green, and red, and were painted to the extreme. The young
+    girls hardly tasted their food, but <a name="Page_120" id="Page_120" />looked us over from head to
+    foot, especially our feet. The room was hot, and presently one of
+    the girls tittered to another and said, 'Your face is streaked,'
+    meaning that some of her paint was off and showed dark lines;
+    whereupon all the girls declared that they were going to wash their
+    faces. After a while one of the girls came back and said, 'My face
+    is clean now, is it not?' Mrs. Stone told us that they saw we had
+    no paint on and were ashamed of theirs. The girls' only talk was
+    about their jewellry, clothes, and other gossip. Mary and I were
+    very much disappointed, for we hoped to learn some Chinese manners.
+    Mrs. Stone advised me not to wear spectacles, for I attracted many
+    remarks. I told her I was only too glad to draw attention from our
+    feet.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;We always remember the friends in America who for His sake sent
+    missionaries to help us. Yours affectionately,&quot;</p>
+
+<p class='smcap'>    &quot;Ida Kahn.&quot;</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121" />II</h3>
+
+<h3>AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>When Miss Howe went to America on furlough in 1892, she took with her five
+young Chinese people, three boys and two girls; the latter, Ida Kahn and
+her friend, Mary Stone. Growing up in China, under singularly sheltered and
+happy conditions, Ida had been greatly impressed with the misery of many of
+her countrywomen, and early formed the purpose of becoming a physician and
+giving her life to the alleviation of their sufferings. Mary Stone had the
+same desire, and Miss Howe, coveting for them a more thorough medical
+education than was then available in China, took them to Ann Arbor to enter
+the medical school of the University of Michigan. Both girls passed the
+entrance examinations successfully, even to the Latin requirements; in fact
+their papers were among the best of all those handed in.</p>
+
+<p>The four years in Ann Arbor were very busy ones. In addition to their
+college work, they did their own housekeeping in a little <a name="Page_122" id="Page_122" />suite of rooms
+in the home of Mrs. Frost. She says that they excelled many American girls
+at housekeeping, having regular days for house-cleaning, and always keeping
+their reception room in good order to receive their girl friends, of whom
+they had many. Occasionally they even entertained their friends at a little
+Chinese feast. Mrs. Frost recalls that the only flaw in Ida's housekeeping
+was that when the girls stopped in her room, as they often did for a little
+visit on their way home from college, Ida would pick up a book or magazine
+and become so absorbed in it that she would forget all about the domestic
+duties awaiting her.</p>
+
+<p>But in spite of college and housekeeping duties, they were not too busy to
+take part in the Christian work of the church which they attended. Mrs.
+Frost pays them the following tribute: &quot;They were lovely Christian
+characters, ready to respond and assist in any Christian work where their
+services were solicited. While they were in Ann Arbor they assisted me in
+my Sunday afternoon Mission Band work with the small children of our
+church, singing, or offering prayer, or telling interesting stories to the
+little ones. On different occasions they, with the Chinese boys that came
+with Miss Howe at the same time, assisted <a name="Page_123" id="Page_123" />me in the public entertainments
+given to help swell the funds of the Mission Band and raise enough to
+support an orphan, or for other missionary work. They were very efficient,
+consecrated Christians, very lovable and loving, highly respected by every
+one with whom they came in contact. I have very pleasant memories of our
+little Chinese doctors, and they have a very warm place in my heart and
+affections.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Both the girls won many friends among both students and faculty. Ida was
+elected to the secretaryship of her class in her Junior year. Their record
+for scholarship was so enviable that the assertion was often made, &quot;They
+must either be remarkably clever, or they must have applied themselves with
+unusual devotion.&quot; They led their class in their Junior year, and in their
+Senior year were surpassed by only one student. Dr. Breakey, specialist in
+skin troubles, on whose staff they worked during their Senior year, speaks
+warmly of their earnestness and devotion to their work. Another professor
+said at the time of their graduation, &quot;They will be a credit to the
+University of Michigan. The society which provided for their course will
+never regret having done so.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>As their study at the University drew to a <a name="Page_124" id="Page_124" />close, the young physicians
+received many evidences of the appreciation that was felt for the work they
+had done. Before commencement a reception was given them in the Methodist
+church of Ann Arbor, at which each of them received a case of valuable
+surgical instruments. Many other gifts were also showered upon them,&mdash;from
+medical cases, cameras, clocks, and bedquilts, to books and dainty
+handkerchiefs.</p>
+
+<p>In order not to attract attention they had adopted American dress during
+their stay in Ann Arbor; but their graduation dresses were sent from China,
+made in Chinese style, of beautiful Chinese silk, with slippers of the same
+material,&mdash;Ida's blue, Mary's delicate pink. Seven hundred and forty-five
+students received their diplomas at that commencement, but to none was
+accorded the universal and prolonged applause which broke forth as the two
+young Chinese women stepped on the platform to take their diplomas from
+President Angell's hands. Even the medical faculty applauded heartily, the
+only time that the staff joined in the demonstrations of the audience. One
+who was in the audience says, &quot;Their bearing and dignity made us very proud
+of them.&quot; President Angell was much interested in them and said to their
+friends, &quot;Their <a name="Page_125" id="Page_125" />future career will be watched with every expectation of
+eminent success.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The two months succeeding their graduation were spent in Chicago in
+hospital work, and in the autumn they sailed for China. While they were in
+America an old gentleman said to Ida, &quot;I am glad you are going back to your
+country as a physician. Your people need physicians more than they need
+missionaries.&quot; The Chinese reverence for old age was too great to permit
+Ida to contradict him, but turning to her friends she said quietly, &quot;Time
+is short&mdash;eternity is long.&quot; So it was not only as a physician, but as a
+regularly appointed medical missionary that she returned to China.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126" />III</h3>
+
+<h3>SEVEN YEARS IN KIUKIANG</h3>
+
+
+<p>Quite a little anxiety was felt concerning the reception which the young
+physicians would receive from the Chinese on their return to Kiukiang. A
+foreign-trained Chinese woman physician had never been seen or heard of in
+that section of China, and, scarcely, in all China, since Dr. H&uuml; King Eng,
+of Foochow, was the only other in the Empire at that time. The doctors' own
+friends had long been asking when they were coming back, and when at last
+the time arrived they had their plans all laid for welcoming them. The
+missionaries had some doubts as to the propriety of a public ovation to two
+young women, but the Chinese were so eager for it that they at last
+consented, and from the moment the young doctors left the steamer until
+they arrived at the gate of the mission compound, they were saluted with an
+almost continuous fusillade of fire-crackers. Of course the noise attracted
+curious crowds, and by the time they reached the Bund they were surrounded
+by a host of their townspeople <a name="Page_127" id="Page_127" />who were eager to get a glimpse of the
+&quot;women doctors.&quot; Some of them were heard to say, &quot;Why, these girls are
+receiving more honour than was shown to our commandant when he arrived!&quot; As
+the company slowly proceeded up the Bund, the missionaries were besieged
+with eager questions: &quot;Are they Chinese women?&quot; &quot;Is it true they have been
+studying for four years in a foreign land?&quot; &quot;Can they heal the sick?&quot; &quot;Will
+they live in Kiukiang?&quot; When all these questions were answered in the
+affirmative there was a vigorous nodding of heads, and &quot;<i>Hao! Hao! Hao!</i>&quot;
+(Good, good!) was heard on every side. It seemed remarkable that in so
+dense a crowd the universal expression of face and voice indicated only
+favourable interest.</p>
+
+<p>Shortly before the doctors arrived one of the missionaries wrote, &quot;We are
+expecting 'our doctors' back this fall, and after they have several months
+of hospital practice in other mission hospitals in China, we hope to have a
+place ready for them to begin work.&quot; The doctors had expected, too, a
+little time for resting, and visiting with the friends whom they had not
+seen for so many years. Moreover it was thought that some time would have
+to elapse before they could gain the confidence of the people sufficiently
+to begin practice. But <a name="Page_128" id="Page_128" />on the third day after their arrival four patients
+appeared and asked for treatment; on the following day the same four
+returned and six newcomers arrived; and so it went on, until dispensary
+quarters had to be hurriedly rented and regular work begun.</p>
+
+<p>They had been back only about a month when they were sent for one evening
+to visit a woman who was in a very serious condition. On arriving at the
+house they found there the best known native doctor in the city, richly
+dressed in satin and silk, and accompanied by four chair-bearers. He had
+told the woman's family that he could do nothing for her, and after
+welcoming the young women physicians very pleasantly, he took his leave,
+advising the family to put the patient into their hands, saying, &quot;They have
+crossed mountains and seas to study about these matters.&quot; The family wanted
+the doctors to guarantee that the woman would live, but they, of course,
+refused to do this, and after some discussion turned to go. But at that the
+older members of the family fell on their knees, and begged them to stay
+and do just whatever they thought best. Their treatment was so successful
+that three days later the grateful family invited them to a feast, after
+which they were wound about with red scarfs by the old grandmother, <a name="Page_129" id="Page_129" />and
+presented with gifts. The entire family then escorted them home amid the
+explosion of many fire-crackers.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>China Medical Missionary Journal</i> of December, 1896, in commenting
+upon the work of these young women, says: &quot;They have not, up to the present
+time, had to endure the pain of losing a patient, although they have had
+several very serious cases. When that does come, as of course it must,
+there will doubtless be some reaction, and present faith may be changed to
+distrust for a time. But the most hopeful had not dreamed of their
+commencing work without some opposition, and that they actually sought,
+before making any efforts to secure patients, has been a great surprise to
+all. Their early success is doubtless due largely to the fact that they are
+back among their own people as true Chinese, and while they have gained
+much in culture and intellect, love and sympathy for their race have ever
+been present; while the ruling motive in all their efforts has been how
+best to prepare themselves to help their countrywomen. The native women do
+not stand at a distance to admire them, but familiarly take their hands and
+feel their clothing; and while acknowledging their superiority do not
+hesitate to invite them as guests to their humble homes.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130" />Nor was the reputation of the young physicians limited to Kiukiang. At
+about the time of their return, the young emperor, Kwang-hsi, had issued
+edicts to the viceroys of the various provinces, ordering them to search
+out and send to Peking, young men versed in modern affairs, who could act
+as advisers to him. Several of these young men held a meeting in Nanking
+before proceeding to Peking. Two of them had heard of the young doctors
+just returned from America, and, on their way to Nanking, stopped at
+Kiukiang for the purpose of calling on them. The doctors, however, felt it
+wise to adopt a conservative attitude in regard to receiving calls from
+young men, lest their influence with the women with whom they were to work
+should be weakened, did they violate Chinese custom in this matter. Miss
+Howe therefore received the guests in their stead, answered their
+questions, gave them such information as they desired, and presented them
+with the diploma of one of the doctors. They displayed the diploma at the
+meeting at Nanking, where it created much interest. The son of Governor
+Tang of Hupeh, who was at the meeting, spoke for two hours on the
+desirability of educating women, and suppressing the custom of
+foot-binding. Then and there a society was organ<a name="Page_131" id="Page_131" />ized in which these men
+pledged themselves to marry their sons only to natural-footed women, and
+their daughters only into families whose girls were allowed to grow up with
+natural feet.</p>
+
+<p>At about this time, also, Chang Chih Tung, one of the most eminent and
+public spirited viceroys of his time, sent a representative to wait upon
+Miss Howe, with the request that she and the young physicians accept
+positions in a school which he wished to establish in Shanghai. His aim was
+to develop a University for women which would train women teachers, and he
+wished also to have a medical department in connection with it.
+Foot-binding concubinage, and slavery were dealt with directly in the
+prospectus; Sunday was to be observed as a holiday; and liberty of
+conscience in the matter of religion was to be allowed. While no religious
+books might be taught in the school, no objections were raised to religious
+work being done privately. When this request was brought to the Women's
+Conference of the Methodist Mission they passed a resolution expressing
+their sympathy with the proposed plan, and advising the acceptance of the
+positions by Miss Howe and one of the doctors, &quot;if in the process of the
+development of the plans they feel it best to do so.&quot; Al<a name="Page_132" id="Page_132" />though as the
+plans developed Miss Howe and the doctors finally decided that they could
+be more useful in Kiukiang, the offer shows the interest felt in the work
+of the young physicians, even in the highest official circles.</p>
+
+<p>At the close of the first year, Dr. Kahn reported:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;With the exception of a month spent at the Nanking Memorial
+    Hospital we have kept up our work steadily ever since our return to
+    Kiukiang. At present we have regular dispensary work, and our Bible
+    woman spends her time faithfully teaching the women. As she is
+    quite an elderly woman, has been very well trained and educated,
+    and above all is an earnest Christian, we are sure that her
+    influence will not be small on those with whom she is brought in
+    contact. Then again, she is a good chaperon to our girls who are
+    preparing to be nurses. There are three girls who have been in the
+    girls' school from five to six years, and now choose to take up
+    nursing as their life work. They assist in the dispensary, help
+    make up the drugs, attend to the hospital patients, and recite two
+    lessons to us every day. Later on we hope to have them assist in
+    our operations and go out with us when we need them.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;At present we have six patients in the hospital, and although the
+    number may seem small, yet our hospital has been opened scarcely
+    two months, and it is so tiny that it <a name="Page_133" id="Page_133" />appears quite full. The
+    hospital is merely a Chinese dwelling, heightened and improved by
+    floors and windows.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;During the year two or three interesting trips have been made by
+    us into the country. The first one was made by Miss Stanton and
+    myself to the capital of the province, to attend the wife of an
+    official. We brought her home with us, and while here undergoing
+    treatment she studied the Bible every day and enjoyed it very much.
+    Later, when she returned home, she recovered completely, and now
+    two of her sons are in our mission school. Her husband gave one
+    hundred dollars for the dispensary and two merit boards or tablets
+    to us, and he said he would help us in raising money for the
+    hospital....&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;One thing which pleases us very much is that those whom we have
+    treated outside, when they get well almost invariably come and call
+    on us, and even go with us to church.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>The following year she wrote:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;The time has come again for us to give our yearly report and we
+    are very glad to be able to say that the work has advanced in every
+    direction. The year has been a very unhealthy one and fevers have
+    simply flourished, so that our nurses have been kept very busy
+    caring for patients often in a critical condition. During the year
+    we were enabled to make four visits into the country. Miss Stanton
+    has been more free to do evangelistic work and take long trips than
+    previously, and it has been a privi<a name="Page_134" id="Page_134" />lege for one of us doctors to
+    accompany her on the journeys. By taking turns, one of us could
+    always attend to the regular work. People are awakening everywhere,
+    and crowds flock to us to hear the truth and receive medical
+    treatment. Sometimes we dispense medicine to one or two hundred
+    people a day. Our stock of medicine usually gives out, and many
+    people have had to be turned away for lack of drugs. Everywhere
+    they begged us to come and visit them again. At one place a party
+    of women came at night to the boat where Miss Stanton and I were
+    staying, inviting us to go ashore and organize a church. They told
+    us: 'Men can hear preaching sometimes on the street; but we women
+    never have an opportunity to hear anything except when you ladies
+    come to teach us.'&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>During that year, the second of their practice, the young physicians were
+able to report 90 patients treated in the hospital, 134 in homes, 3,973 in
+the dispensary, and 1,249 during country trips, making a total of 5,446.</p>
+
+<p>Their third year was also a very prosperous one, not only in their work
+among the poor, but also in the number of calls which they received from
+the class of people who were able to give them ample compensation for their
+services. This money was always turned into the mission treasury by the
+young physicians, <a name="Page_135" id="Page_135" />who also, for four years, gave their services to the
+Woman's Missionary Society without salary, in return for the four years of
+training which they had received at Ann Arbor. An interesting glimpse of
+the impression they made upon their fellow-workers is given by a letter
+from one of the missionaries written at this time: &quot;None who know our
+beloved doctors, Mary Stone and Ida Kahn, can do otherwise than thank God
+for raising up such efficient and faithful workers. It is difficult to
+think of any desirable quality which these two ladies do not possess. To
+this their growing work gives witness.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Kahn was honoured in the latter part of the year by being appointed as
+the representative of the women of China to the World's Congress held in
+London, June, 1899.</p>
+
+<p>The hearts of the doctors were gladdened during this year by the prospect
+of a hospital building in which to carry on their work. Early in 1900 Dr.
+Kahn wrote happily to Dr. Danforth, whose gifts had made the building
+possible:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;Work on the building is going on merrily, and the results are
+    pleasing so far.... As to our work at present, we can truly say
+    that never before has it seemed so encouraging. This being the
+    Chinese New Year month we <a name="Page_136" id="Page_136" />have usually had scarcely any patients,
+    and at least for a number of days no patients at all; but this year
+    we had no day without patients, and often had thirty, forty, and
+    even over fifty patients a day, which is certainly unprecedented.
+    You cannot imagine how strong a prejudice the average Chinaman has
+    against doing work of any kind too soon after New Year's. Not only
+    is it the only holiday of any duration they have during the year,
+    but it is ill luck to work too early.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;While standing at the gate on the second day, watching the
+    patients straggling in, I saw one of them brought on a stretcher.
+    It was a pretty little girl who had been badly burned by the
+    upsetting of a foot stove under her wadded garments. As they came
+    up an old woman who carried one corner of the bamboo bed called
+    out, 'Doctor, have you opened your accounts yet?' meaning have you
+    begun work yet. I answered, 'Why, our accounts have never been
+    closed, so we did not need to reopen them!' 'Yes,' she said, 'I
+    know, and I wish you many congratulations for the New Year, and may
+    you have much custom during the year.' Think of what that implies!
+    Then she went on volubly describing what a time they had in getting
+    people to carry the bed, for no money could induce them to come,
+    and finally she and a few boy cousins had to bring her. A few days
+    ago her people came and fired lots of crackers, as well as hung up
+    long strips of red cloth outside our gate, in order to show people
+    that we have accomplished a <a name="Page_137" id="Page_137" />cure for them and they wish to express
+    their gratitude in public.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>A few months later the Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial Hospital was
+completed; but just as they were about to occupy the new building the Boxer
+uprising assumed such serious proportions that all work had to be dropped,
+and the women were forced to leave the city. The doctors accompanied the
+other missionaries to Japan, and remained there for a few months; then came
+back to China and spent a few weeks in Shanghai, until the country had
+quieted down sufficiently to make it safe to return to the interior. The
+weeks in Shanghai were not idle ones, for they found plenty of patients to
+treat during their stay there.</p>
+
+<p>There were many missionaries from various parts of China gathered in
+Shanghai at this time, and the women improved the opportunity thus afforded
+by the presence of so many workers for a conference on the various phases
+of women's work. Dr. Kahn was asked to give an address on Girl Slavery at
+this conference, and made a great impression by her powerful plea for the
+abolition of this wicked practice. Her appeal had added force because she
+was a Chinese woman herself, and this <a name="Page_138" id="Page_138" />evil custom had come close to her
+life. &quot;She was my best friend in school,&quot; she said of one victim, &quot;and her
+mind was as beautiful as her person. We were baptized together and she
+confessed to me that she would like to devote her life to Christian work,
+adding so sadly that she must try first to help her opium-smoking father.
+Where were gone her longings and aspirations when she was sold by him to be
+the concubine of a man sixty years of age! Surely on this eve of China's
+regeneration, we, the more favoured ones, must plead with all our might
+that all these unnatural customs shall be swept away with the last relics
+of our country's barbarism.&quot;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<a href="images/img07.jpg"><img src="images/img07_th.jpg" width="400" height="636" alt="A Nurse in Dr. Kahn&#39;s Hospital" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>A Nurse in Dr. Kahn&#39;s Hospital</b>
+</div>
+
+<p>The doctors were soon able to recommence work in Kiukiang, and with their
+fine new hospital they worked under far more favourable conditions than
+heretofore. A letter from Dr. Kahn tells of their enjoyment of the new
+building: &quot;It is now a pleasure to see the little crowds of women and
+children sitting comfortably in the easy seats of the dispensary waiting
+room, and to notice how they enjoy the talks of the Bible woman. In former
+years they were always huddled together in a dark room, or else were
+scattered here and there in our front yard, and the Bible woman had great
+difficulty to get them to listen quietly.<a name="Page_139" id="Page_139" /> The new drug room is a
+constant delight. The operating room, too, is our pride, because it is so
+light. The confidence which people had in our work before last year's
+troubles broke out, appears to revive again.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The following summer, Miss Robinson, of Chinkiang, visited the doctors in
+their new quarters. A letter written from their home reads: &quot;We find them
+as skilful in housekeeping as in hospital-keeping, and excelling in the
+happy art of making their guests at home. Such all-round women are a
+priceless boon to their native sisters. I want to have our graduates attend
+the coming annual meeting in Kiukiang, improving this opportunity of
+bringing them in contact with the doctors, who have long since become the
+ideals of our school girls.... Referring to the fear some native Christians
+have shown of sending their girls to a school having manual labour in its
+curriculum, Dr. Ida exclaimed hotly, 'This fear of work is the bane of
+China.' Here are two doctors of exalted privileges, educated abroad,
+honoured alike by native and foreigner, and yet putting their hand to
+cooking and housework of every kind, as the need may be, without a thought
+of being degraded thereby; a glorious object-lesson to accompany the
+teachings of the mission schools.&quot;</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140" />IV</h3>
+
+<h3>PIONEER WORK IN NANCHANG</h3>
+
+
+<p>In the first year of the young physicians' practice in China, a launch had
+been sent to Kiukiang by one of the high officials of Nanchang, the capital
+of Kiangsi province, with the request that one of the physicians should
+return to Nanchang in it and treat his wife, who was very ill. Dr. Kahn
+went, and brought the woman back to Kiukiang with her. After a few weeks
+under the doctors' care she returned to Nanchang completely recovered, and
+gave such glowing accounts of the benefit she had received that many of the
+wealthy ladies of the city followed her example and went to the Kiukiang
+hospital for treatment.</p>
+
+<p>At that time no American missionary work was being done in Nanchang; but
+the successful treatment of the wife of the official is said to have
+&quot;opened the gates to Protestant missionaries.&quot; The Methodist Mission soon
+established a station there, and the work grew rapidly in spite of the fact
+that Nanchang was not an altogether easy place in which to work.<a name="Page_141" id="Page_141" /> As it
+was in the interior and off the highway of travel, little was known of
+foreigners. Moreover, there was a rowdyish element of the population which
+was very hostile to them and everything connected with them, as Dr. Kahn
+had good cause to know. Soon after the work in Nanchang had been begun by
+their mission, she and Miss Stanton made a trip there, the latter to do
+evangelistic work, Dr. Kahn for medical work. Dr. Kahn shall tell the story
+of their experiences:</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 516px;">
+<a href="images/img08.jpg"><img src="images/img08_th.jpg" width="516" height="400" alt="A Village Crowd" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>A Village Crowd</b>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 512px;">
+<a href="images/img09.jpg"><img src="images/img09_th.jpg" width="512" height="400" alt="One of Dr. Kahn&#39;s Guests" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>One of Dr. Kahn&#39;s Guests</b>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;One afternoon, Miss Stanton and myself went to call on some ladies
+    of the Plymouth Brethren Mission, the only other Christian mission
+    besides our own in the city. The day being warm Miss Stanton had
+    the rain cover of her sedan chair removed. Unfortunately it was a
+    hired chair and there were no side curtains, neither was there an
+    upper curtain in front. When we had gotten fairly started boys
+    began to follow us, and by the time we had reached our destination
+    quite a crowd was with us, and rushed into the compound ahead of
+    us. Once in, we planned to cover the chair; and also waited till
+    dark for our return, hoping that by that time the crowd would have
+    dispersed.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;However, when we got ready to start, there was a large crowd still
+    clustered around the court and door. They allowed Miss Stanton to
+    get into her chair first and start off, but when I followed, then
+    the fun began. The <a name="Page_142" id="Page_142" />coolies would take a step or two, then the
+    chair would be pulled almost down. Yelling at them was of no avail.
+    Finally a stone was thrown and one of the windows broken, so I
+    thought it was time to walk. The crowd called out, 'A foreigner! a
+    foreigner!' I was almost ready to cry with vexation, and could not
+    help telling the people that they were cowards and barbarians. One
+    or two of the bystanders now began to take my part, and
+    administered a blow or two to those who seemed to be too
+    obstreperous, telling me at the same time not to be afraid. I
+    started to enter the largest residence near me, but the gatekeeper
+    slammed the door in my face so I went on ahead. One of my volunteer
+    helpers said, 'There is the residence of the official Yang, where
+    you can find shelter.' So he led me into a house where a couple of
+    women were sitting in the great room. Rather abruptly I told them
+    that I was pursued by a crowd, and asked if I could find shelter
+    there until I could send word to my people. My guides also
+    explained that the people took me to be a foreigner. To my surprise
+    the ladies welcomed me cordially, and ordered the doors to be shut
+    on the crowd. Now all my friends will be ashamed to know that I
+    could not repress my tears, but after a good cry I felt relieved.
+    The people in the house urged me not to be afraid. I told them I
+    was not afraid; I was disgusted that my people could be so mean. My
+    hostess related several instances where ladies coming home alone in
+    their chairs had been pulled about, and <a name="Page_143" id="Page_143" />deplored the fact that
+    there were so many rowdies everywhere.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;Very soon the church members heard of my trouble and came to
+    escort me home. As we wended our way homeward fresh members joined
+    us till we formed quite a procession with lights flashing
+    everywhere. Indignation was felt by all, so some of the party went
+    back to demand the arrest of the ringleaders. How thankful I was to
+    get back safely to our mission compound. Miss Stanton's chair
+    coolies had assured her that I was following behind, and she
+    thought everything was secure. The church members were at prayer
+    meeting and did not notice my non-arrival. The delay I think must
+    have been providential, for had the members rushed there and found
+    a crowd, I fear more trouble must have resulted.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;Very soon the husband of a wealthy patient came and offered many
+    apologies for the bad conduct of the people. How do you suppose he
+    found out about the matter? He was returning home from a feast, and
+    seeing so many Methodist lanterns (please do not smile, for the
+    lanterns have 'Methodist Church' written on one side, and 'Gospel
+    Hall' on the other) asked what it meant, and learned of the
+    trouble.... Certainly the devious ways of my own countrymen never
+    struck me so forcibly before. How much we do need the truth to
+    shine in upon us and change us completely.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>Yet it was to this city that the Christian physician's heart went out in
+such compassion <a name="Page_144" id="Page_144" />that, for its sake, she was not only willing, but glad to
+leave her home in Kiukiang, the prosperous work which she had been doing in
+fellowship with her lifelong friend, Dr. Stone, and the beautiful new
+hospital to which she had long looked forward with so much eagerness.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;This old city of Nanchang with about three hundred thousand inhabitants,
+and surrounded by a thickly settled country, has not a single educated
+physician,&quot; one of her letters reads. &quot;Do you know what that means? The
+people realize their need and asked us to go and live among them. One of
+the church members offered to give us, free of charge, a piece of land
+situated in a fine part of the city, for either a hospital or a school lot.
+The pastor said he could raise $1,000 among the people if we would only
+begin medical work there. Do you think we ought to refuse that offer, which
+is a wonderful one, because the church has only just been established
+there? 'And when they came to Jesus they besought Him instantly, saying
+that he was worthy for whom He should do this.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The people of Nanchang, both Christian and non-Christian, pleaded so
+eagerly for medical work, and promised to do so much toward its support,
+that the missionaries agreed with Dr.<a name="Page_145" id="Page_145" /> Kahn in feeling that a door to great
+opportunity was open before her, which it would be a serious mistake not to
+enter. Accordingly, early in 1903, she responded to what Dr. Stone termed
+&quot;the Macedonian call,&quot; and began work in Nanchang.</p>
+
+<p>The Woman's Foreign Missionary Society did not feel able to assume any
+responsibility for the financial support of the medical work in the new
+field, beyond that of the doctor's salary. But Dr. Kahn firmly believed
+that missionary work should be just as nearly self-supporting as possible;
+and since many of the urgent invitations from Nanchang had come from homes
+of wealth, she was very willing to attempt to carry on medical work there
+on a self-supporting basis. In an article on the subject of self-supporting
+medical missionary work, written for the <i>China Medical Missionary
+Journal</i>, she gave some of her reasons for believing in self-support, and
+her theories as to how it might be carried out.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;To the many of us, no doubt, the thought naturally arises that we
+    have enough problems to deal with in our work without having to
+    take up the irksome question of self-support. Yet at the present
+    time, when every strenuous effort is being made to evangelize the
+    world in this generation, any plan which can help forward such a
+    movement at once assumes an <a name="Page_146" id="Page_146" />aspect of vital importance in our
+    eyes. Let it not be presumed that self-support is to be recommended
+    as possible to every medical missionary. On the contrary, I fear,
+    only by those fortunate enough to be located in large cities could
+    the effort be attempted with any hope of success. Yet in a measure
+    the question concerns every one of us, because in its different
+    phases self-support is sure to be pressed upon all of us with more
+    or less force. Personally, my work was undertaken in Nanchang
+    partly from faith in the principle, partly because there were no
+    funds available to institute medical work on any other basis. My
+    faith in the principle is founded upon the belief that anything of
+    value is more appreciated when something has been asked in exchange
+    for its worth, from those perfectly able to effect the exchange....
+    The ordinary people who seek help from the missionary will retain a
+    higher measure of self-respect, and also suspect less the motives
+    of the benefactor. The rich will appreciate more highly the
+    services received, besides having the added glow of satisfaction in
+    helping forward a worthy charity....&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;There should be no ironclad rules, however; each case must be
+    counted on its own merits. Generally speaking, it might be well for
+    the physician in charge to state plainly that the very poor are to
+    be treated free of charge and have medicines, and occasionally food
+    supplies, gratis. Those a little better off may help a little in
+    paying for the medicines.<a name="Page_147" id="Page_147" /> The next step above that is to pay
+    partly for the treatment as well; while the highest grade is to pay
+    in proportion to the amount of help received. All this means a good
+    deal of thought on the part of the physician and assistant, but
+    gradually it will become routine work and so demand less labour.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;Is self-supporting work a missionary work? Assuredly yes; for is
+    not the money thus gained used in giving relief to the poor?... And
+    if all money received goes again into the work, to increase its
+    efficiency, why may it not be counted missionary? Part of it is
+    given as thank-offering by those who are not Christian, and all is
+    given for value received from Christian effort. Our Lord healed
+    diseases without money and without price. If we ask, 'What would
+    Jesus do?' under our existing circumstances, the suggestion comes
+    to my mind that it would be something different in form, but not in
+    principle, from what He did in a different land, under far
+    different circumstances, nineteen hundred and more years ago.
+    Someone says we are to follow Jesus, not to copy Him; and the
+    principal thing, it seems to me, would be always to abide in the
+    Spirit of the Christ, by whatever method we feel constrained to
+    render our little service.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>Although the new step was taken so bravely, it was not an easy one. Some
+idea of the courage it required is shown by the doctor's report of her
+first year in Nanchang; &quot;The <a name="Page_148" id="Page_148" />very thought of making a report causes many
+poignant memories to rush upon us. With what hesitancy and timidity did we
+begin our work in the new field! Knowing our own limitations, it was not
+with a light heart that we began the new year. Yet,&quot; she was able to add,
+&quot;as we toiled on, we could but acknowledge that we were wonderfully led
+along 'The Pathway of Faith.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Enough money was contributed by the Nanchang people to enable Dr. Kahn to
+rent a house in the centre of the city, in which dispensary work could be
+carried on, and in which she lived. They also supplied her with a small
+stock of drugs with which to begin work, and she treated something over two
+thousand patients during the first eight months. The number seemed small
+after the work to which she had been accustomed in Kiukiang; but she was
+becoming known in the city, and in addition to her patients several of the
+women of the city had called on her in a purely social way, many of them
+educated women of the official class. Dr. Kahn says of them:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;As the wives and daughters of expectant officials they are
+    representative of the better class of the whole country, for they
+    are assembled from every province. It is pleasing to note that
+    dignity and modesty are often <a name="Page_149" id="Page_149" />combined with real accomplishment
+    among them. It is amongst these that there is a marked eagerness to
+    learn something better. They talk about their country incessantly,
+    and deplore with real sincerity her present condition, of which
+    many of them have a fairly good knowledge. To these we tell over
+    and over again that the only hope of China's regeneration is in her
+    becoming a Christian nation, and that only the love of Christ can
+    bring out the best qualities of any people....&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>As to the financial side of the work, Dr. Kahn reported: &quot;The outlook is
+most promising. During the eight months I have received over $700 from the
+work, and as much more has been subscribed.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>During the succeeding two years the work developed steadily. The number of
+patients treated at the close of 1905 was almost three times the number
+reported in 1903, and Dr. Kahn wrote, &quot;We have tried to check the number of
+patients, simply because we did not feel financially able to treat so
+many.&quot; The rent which she had been obliged to pay for her building in the
+city had been a heavy burden financially. Great was her delight therefore
+to be able to report, at the end of this year, a new $2,000 building for
+dispensary purposes, the money for which had been secured partly from fees,
+partly from sub<a name="Page_150" id="Page_150" />scriptions. &quot;With the incubus of a heavy rent off our
+shoulders we may be able to relieve more patients, as we would wish,&quot; she
+wrote.</p>
+
+<p>The dispensary building was not the sole cause for rejoicing that year; for
+in addition to it a fine, centrally located piece of land, worth $3,600,
+was given for a hospital site. &quot;All the assistance received has been from
+the gentry and not the officials, and therefore it really represents the
+people and we feel much encouraged by the fact,&quot; reads Dr. Kahn's report.
+The gentry wanted to make over the deeds of the property to the doctor.
+This, however, she would not permit, but insisted that they be made in the
+name of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Church,
+assuring the donors that the work would then be on a permanent basis, as it
+could not be if the deeds were made out in her name.</p>
+
+<p>It would not have been just cause for discouragement had the work dropped
+off the next year; for a dispute between some French Catholic priests and
+the Nanchang magistrates led to such serious disturbances and bloodshed
+that the missionaries were obliged to flee for their lives. Dr. Kahn
+refused to leave her work until the last possible moment, and returned just
+as soon as it was at all safe to do so. At the end of the year she was able
+to <a name="Page_151" id="Page_151" />report that although it had been necessary to close the dispensary for
+three months, fully as many patients had been treated in the nine months as
+in the twelve months of the year previous. Another gift had also been
+received from the gentry, a piece of land near the hospital site, on which
+a home for the physician was already in process of building.</p>
+
+<p>During 1907 the work continued to grow steadily in scope and favour. Dr.
+Kahn's annual report for that year shows something of its development: &quot;My
+practice has increased steadily among the foreigners and Chinese, until now
+we have patients come to us from all the large interior cities, even to the
+borders of Fuhkien. You would be surprised to know how many foreigners I
+treat in this out-of-the-way place. During the year we have treated over
+eight thousand patients. The evangelistic work among them has been better
+undertaken than ever before, and I am sure we shall see results in the near
+future. Several inquirers have been accepted, and seven women have been
+taken in as probationers.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Although the demands of her work in Nanchang are constant and absorbing,
+Dr. Kahn has never become provincial in her interest; while working with
+whole-hearted devotion in her own corner, she still keeps the needs <a name="Page_152" id="Page_152" />of the
+entire field in mind. At the fifth triennial meeting of the Educational
+Association of China, held in Shanghai in the spring of 1905, she gave an
+address on &quot;Medical Education,&quot; in which she said in part:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;Turn the mind for a moment to the contemplation of China's four
+    hundred millions, with the view of inaugurating effectual modern
+    medical practice in their midst. How many physicians are there to
+    minister to this vast mass of humanity? Barely two hundred! Such a
+    ratio makes the clientele of each physician about two million. What
+    would the English-speaking world think if there were only one
+    physician available for the cities of New York and Brooklyn! Yet
+    the people of these cities would not be so badly off, because of
+    the steam and electrical connections at their command.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;We as missionary physicians recognize our own inadequacy and the
+    imperative demand for native schools. How can we undertake to help
+    spread medical education in China with the limited means at our
+    command? Shall we simply take unto ourselves a few students as
+    assistants, and after training them for a few years turn them out
+    as doctors? By all means, no! Take us as we are generally situated,
+    one or two workers in charge of a large hospital or dispensary, is
+    not the stress of our professional work almost as much as we can
+    bear? Then there are the people to whom we ought to give the bread
+    of life as diligently <a name="Page_153" id="Page_153" />as we minister to their bodily needs. Add to
+    this the urgent need of keeping up a little study. Where comes the
+    time and strength to teach the students as they should be taught?
+    Certainly to the average missionary such work as the turning out of
+    full-fledged doctors ought to be debarred. It seems to me that what
+    can and ought to be done is to single out promising students who
+    possess good Christian characters as well as physical and mental
+    abilities, and send them to large centres such as Peking, Canton,
+    Shanghai, and Hankow, where they might take a thorough course in
+    medicine and surgery. In these large cities the case is altered;
+    for hospitals and physicians are comparatively numerous, and much
+    could be done in a union effort. I am glad one or two such schools
+    have been inaugurated.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;As stiff a course as possible ought to be arranged and if it is
+    thought best the whole thing might be outlined by the China Medical
+    Missionary Association. For entrance requirements there should be
+    presented a solid amount of Chinese and English, with some Latin
+    and perhaps one other modern language. That may seem a great deal
+    to ask at present, but our higher schools of learning ought soon to
+    be able to supply such a demand, as well as the necessary training
+    in mathematics, physics, chemistry, etc. In other words the student
+    must be equipped in the very best manner for his lifework.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;During the present generation at least, if not longer, the women
+    of China will continue <a name="Page_154" id="Page_154" />to seek medical advice from women
+    physicians, and to meet the demand we must confront and solve
+    another problem. Co-education is impracticable just at this
+    juncture. We must have either an annex to the men's college, or a
+    separate one entirely. Whichever plan is adopted it matters not,
+    barring the 'lest we forget' that it is just as important to
+    establish medical schools for women as for men.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;In the golden future when schools abound we shall have to think of
+    state examinations; but at that time we shall expect to be ready to
+    greet the blaze of day in this wonderful country of ours, when she
+    has wakened from the long sleep we often hear about, and taken her
+    place among the nations of the world, and God and man shall see
+    'that it is good.'&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>At the close of 1907 Dr. Kahn had been back in China for twelve years,
+years of arduous, almost unremitting labour; and her fellow missionaries
+felt that before the work on the new hospital building began she ought to
+have a vacation. Certainly she had earned it. Not only had she worked
+faithfully for seven years in Kiukiang, but she had, within the five
+succeeding years, established medical work in a large city, where she was
+the first and only physician trained in Western sciences. Assisted only by
+two nurses whom she herself had trained, she had kept her dispensary
+running the year around, all day and <a name="Page_155" id="Page_155" />every day. Moreover, she had kept the
+work practically self-supporting, in spite of the fact that she had refused
+to economize by using inferior medicines, or bottles of rough glass which
+could not be thoroughly cleansed. She had insisted that her drugs be of the
+purest, and dispensed in clean, carefully labelled bottles, and had often
+furnished besides the food needed to build up strength. In addition to all
+this, she so commended herself and her work to the people of the city that
+in 1906 she was enabled to hand over to the Woman's Foreign Missionary
+Society, a dispensary building and two fine building lots, to be used for a
+hospital and physician's home.</p>
+
+<p>She was finally persuaded to go to America for a period of change and rest.
+&quot;Rest&quot; for Dr. Kahn evidently means a change of work; for she went at once
+to Northwestern University to take the literary course which she felt would
+fit her for broader usefulness among her countrywomen. Eager to get back to
+China she did three years' work in two, studying in the summer quarter at
+the University of Chicago, when Northwestern closed its doors for the
+vacation. In addition to her University studies, she undertook, for the
+sake of her loved country, a work which is peculiarly hard for her, and
+almost every Sunday <a name="Page_156" id="Page_156" />found her at some church, telling of the present
+unprecedented opportunities in China.</p>
+
+<p>The question may perhaps be raised as to whether days could be crowded so
+full and yet work be done thoroughly. But Prof. J. Scott Clark of
+Northwestern University said of her, at this time: &quot;Dr. Kahn is one of the
+most accurate and effective students in a class of eighty-four members,
+most of them sophomores, although the class includes many seniors. The
+subject is the study of the style and diction of prominent prose authors,
+with some theme work. Last year Miss Kahn attained a very high rank in the
+study of the principles of good English style during the first semester,
+and in that of synonyms during the second semester. In the latter difficult
+subject she ranked among the very best students in a class of over three
+hundred members. She is very accurate, very earnest, and very quick to
+catch an idea. In fact she is nothing less than an inspiration to her
+classmates.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>In the spring of 1910 Dr. Kahn was a delegate to the Conference of the
+World's Young Women's Christian Association held in Berlin, and from there
+went to London for six months of study in the School of Tropical Diseases.
+She had planned to return to North<a name="Page_157" id="Page_157" />western University to complete the work
+interrupted by her trip to Europe, and to receive her degree. Her work had
+been of so unusually high a standard, however, that she was permitted to
+finish her course by correspondence, and was granted her degree in January,
+1911. She completed her course in the School of Tropical Diseases with high
+honour, and in February, 1911, she reached Nanchang, where one of her
+fellow-workers declares, &quot;she is magnificent from the officials' houses to
+the mud huts.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The new hospital was still in process of building, but the doctor began
+work at once in her old dispensary, and the news of her return soon spread.
+In a short time she was having an average of sixty patients a day, and
+several operations were booked some time before the hospital could be
+opened. It was ready for use in the autumn and in October Dr. Kahn wrote:
+&quot;The work has gone on well, and patients have come to us even from distant
+cities clear on the other side of Poyang Lake. The new building is such a
+comfort. It looks nice and is really so well adapted for the work. I would
+be the happiest person possible if I did not have to worry about drug
+bills, etc.... It is impossible to drag any more money out of the poor
+<a name="Page_158" id="Page_158" />people. Our rich patients are very small in number when compared with the
+poor. Yesterday I had to refuse medicines to several people, though my
+heart ached at having to do so. You see I had no idea that the work would
+develop so fast, and things have risen in prices very much the last few
+years.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>At the time that this letter was written the Revolution was in progress,
+and Nanchang, with all the rest of Central China, was in a turmoil. Because
+of the disturbed conditions most of the missionaries left the city, but Dr.
+Kahn refused to leave her work. With the help of her nurses she kept the
+hospital open, giving a refuge to many sufferers from famine and flood, and
+caring for the wounded soldiers. None of the forty beds was ever empty, and
+many had to be turned away.</p>
+
+<p>The close of the Revolution did not, however, bring a cessation of work for
+the doctor. She already needs larger hospital accommodation, three times as
+much as she now has, one of her friends writes. But Dr. Kahn delights in
+all the opportunities for work that are crowding upon her; for she says,
+&quot;When I think what my life might have been, and what, through God's grace,
+it is, I think there is nothing that God has given me that I would not
+gladly use in His service.&quot;<a name="Page_159" id="Page_159" /></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>
+DR. MARY STONE</h3>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Mary Stone Chapters">
+
+<tr><td align='right'>I.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'><a href="#Page_161">With Unbound Feet</a></td>
+  </tr>
+
+<tr><td align='right'>II.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'><a href="#Page_169">The Danforth Memorial Hospital</a></td>
+  </tr>
+
+<tr><td align='right'>III.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'><a href="#Page_183">Winning Friends in America</a></td>
+  </tr>
+
+<tr><td align='right'>IV.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'><a href="#Page_190">A Versatile Woman</a></td>
+  </tr>
+
+</table>
+
+<hr />
+<p><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160" /><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161" /></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<a href="images/img10.jpg"><img src="images/img10_th.jpg" width="400" height="651" alt="{Handwritten} Yours in His service
+Mary Stone" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>{Handwritten} Yours in His service
+<br />Mary Stone</b>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>DR. MARY STONE</h2>
+
+<h3>I</h3>
+
+<h3>WITH UNBOUND FEET</h3>
+
+
+<p>On the &quot;first day of the third moon&quot; of the year 1873, a young Chinese
+father knelt by the side of his wife and, with her, reverently consecrated
+to the service of the Divine Father the little daughter who had that day
+been given them. They named her &quot;Maiy&uuml;,&quot;&mdash;&quot;Beautiful Gem&quot;&mdash;and together
+agreed that this perfect gift should never be marred by the binding of the
+little feet. It was unheard of! Even the servant women of Kiukiang would
+have been ashamed to venture outside the door with unbound feet, and the
+very beggar women hobbled about on stumps of three and four inches in
+length. No little girl who was not a slave had ever been known to grow up
+with natural feet before, in all Central or West China. That the descendant
+of one of the proudest and most aristocratic families of China, whose
+genealogical records run back <a name="Page_162" id="Page_162" />without a break for a period of two thousand
+years, little Shih Maiy&uuml;, should be the first to thus violate the
+century-old customs of her ancestors, was almost unbelievable.</p>
+
+<p>Even the missionaries could not credit it, not even Miss Howe, whose
+interest in the family was peculiarly keen, since Maiy&uuml;'s mother was the
+first fruits of her work for Chinese women, and had ever since been working
+with her. To be sure Mrs. Shih had said to her, &quot;If the Lord gives me a
+little daughter I shall not bind her feet.&quot; But Miss Howe had made so many
+efforts to induce the women and girls with whom she had worked to take off
+the crippling bandages, without having been successful in a single
+instance, that she did not build her hopes on this. One day, when calling
+in the home and seeing little Maiy&uuml;, then five years old, playing about the
+room, she remarked, &quot;My dear Mrs. Shih, you will not make a good job of it
+unless you begin at once to bind little Maiy&uuml;'s feet.&quot; But Mrs. Shih never
+faltered in the purpose which she and her husband had formed at the little
+girl's birth, and promptly answered, &quot;Did I not tell you I should not bind
+her feet?&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The first years of Maiy&uuml;'s life were unusually happy ones. Her father was a
+pastor in the Methodist church, and had charge of the<a name="Page_163" id="Page_163" /> &quot;Converting to
+Holiness&quot; chapel in Kiukiang; her mother was successfully conducting a day
+school for girls. From her mother Maiy&uuml; received much of her earliest
+instruction and before she was eight years old she had studied several of
+the Chinese classics and memorized the Gospel of Matthew and the catechism
+in Chinese so thoroughly that she has never forgotten them.</p>
+
+<p>But as she approached the age when custom required that her feet should be
+bound, the little girl discovered that the way of the pioneer is not an
+easy one. The unbound feet were a constant source of comment and ridicule,
+not only by older people, but by other children as well. She was stopped on
+her way to school one day by an older girl, who taunted her with her &quot;big
+feet&quot; and refused to let her pass unless she would kneel down and render
+obeisance to her own bandaged stumps. The small descendant of the proud
+house of Shih absolutely refused to submit to such humiliation; but it was
+only after her mother's assistance had been invoked that she was allowed to
+proceed on her way.</p>
+
+<p>Relatives and friends protested vigorously against such apparent
+indifference to their daughter's future on the part of her parents. &quot;You
+will never be able to get a mother-in-<a name="Page_164" id="Page_164" />law for her,&quot; they declared. Mr. and
+Mrs. Shih felt, no doubt, that this was true; for who could have then
+prophesied that the time would so soon come in conservative old China when
+young men would not only be willing to marry girls with natural feet, but
+would decidedly prefer them! Maiy&uuml;'s father and mother never reconsidered
+their decision that their daughter should grow to womanhood with natural
+feet; but they did try to devise some plan by which her life might be a
+useful and happy one, even though she might never enjoy the blessing of a
+mother-in-law. They were very much impressed with the service which Dr.
+Kate Bushnell was rendering the suffering women and children of Kiukiang,
+and when Maiy&uuml; was eight years old her father took her to Dr. Bushnell and
+announced, &quot;Here is my little girl. I want you to make a doctor of her.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>This was almost as startling as the unbound feet! A Chinese woman physician
+was unknown and undreamed of. But this young father's faith in the
+possibilities of Chinese womanhood was not to be discouraged. The necessity
+of general education, preliminary to medical training, was explained, and
+Maiy&uuml; was put in charge of Miss Howe, then at the head of the Girls'
+Boarding School of the<a name="Page_165" id="Page_165" /> Methodist Mission. In this school she spent most of
+the next ten years of her life, studying in both Chinese and English, and
+fitting herself under Miss Howe's direction for her medical course.</p>
+
+<p>In 1892, Maiy&uuml; and her friend, Ida Kahn, accompanied Miss Howe to America,
+there to receive the medical education for which they had long been
+preparing. If America held much that was new and interesting to them, it
+was no less true that they were something new and very interesting to
+America. &quot;What makes these girls look so different from the other Chinese
+women who come here?&quot; the Government official who examined their passports
+asked Miss Howe. &quot;All the difference between a heathen and a Christian,&quot;
+was her prompt response.</p>
+
+<p>That there were Chinese girls who could successfully pass the entrance
+examinations to the medical department of the University of Michigan, in
+arithmetic, algebra, rhetoric, general and United States history, physics,
+and Latin, was a revelation to the people of America, and their college
+career was watched with the greatest interest.</p>
+
+<p>While in Ann Arbor, Maiy&uuml; took pity on the professors who found it so
+difficult to pronounce her Chinese name, and decided to use <a name="Page_166" id="Page_166" />the English
+translation of it, Mary Stone, during her stay in America. Accordingly one
+morning when the professor started to call on her, she announced, &quot;I have
+decided to change my name, professor.&quot; The burst of laughter with which the
+class greeted this simple statement was most bewildering to her; but after
+she had seen the joke she often declared that she was &quot;one of the products
+of Christianity, an old maid,&quot; for, as she pointed out, an unmarried woman
+is practically unknown among non-Christians.</p>
+
+<p>During her medical course Mary became more strongly impressed than ever
+before with the evils of foot-binding. Her mother's feet had, of course,
+been bound in childhood, and although Mrs. Stone had never bound the feet
+of any of her daughters, she had not unbandaged her own. For she said that
+if she also had unbound feet people would say: &quot;Oh, yes, she must be from
+some out-of-the-way place where the women do not bind their feet, and so
+she does not know how to bind the feet of her daughters. That accounts for
+such gross neglect.&quot; On the other hand, she reasoned that if she herself
+had the aristocratic &quot;golden lily&quot; feet, it would be evident that her
+failure to bind her daughters' feet was due to principle. But while Mary
+was pursu<a name="Page_167" id="Page_167" />ing her medical studies she became convinced that the time had
+come when her mother ought to register a further protest against the
+harmful custom, by unbandaging her own feet, and wrote urging her to do so.
+Mrs. Stone readily agreed to this. Moreover, at the annual meeting of the
+Central China Mission in 1894, when a large mass-meeting was held for the
+discussion of foot-binding, she ascended the platform and in a clear voice,
+which made every word distinctly heard to the remotest corner of the large
+chapel hall, told why she had never before unbound her feet, and why she
+was now about to do so. Her husband was so in sympathy with her decision
+that later in the meeting he added a few words of approval of the course
+she had taken. The last shoes worn before the unbinding, and the first
+after it, were sent to Ann Arbor to the daughter who had so long been a
+living exponent of the doctrine of natural feet.</p>
+
+<p>After four years at the University of Michigan, during which she and her
+friend, Dr. Ida Kahn, had won the respect and friendship of both faculty
+and students by their thorough work, Dr. Stone went to Chicago for the
+summer, in order to attend the clinical work in the hospitals there. It was
+at this time that she met Dr. I. N. Danforth of that city, who <a name="Page_168" id="Page_168" />was ever
+afterward her staunch friend. He was about to leave for Europe, but found
+time before his departure to introduce Dr. Stone to many of the Chicago
+physicians and hospitals. He says: &quot;She won the hearts of all with her
+charming ways, and got everything she wanted. When I took her to clinics
+she would often not be able to see at first, being such a little woman; but
+the first thing I knew she would be right down by the operating table. The
+doctors would always notice her, and seeing that she couldn't see would
+open up and let her down to the front.&quot; After what Dr. Danforth considered
+a thorough clinical training, including visits to practically all the good
+hospitals in Chicago, Dr. Stone sailed for China with Dr. Kahn, reaching
+there in the autumn of 1896.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169" />II</h3>
+
+<h3>THE DANFORTH MEMORIAL HOSPITAL</h3>
+
+
+<p>On their return to China, Dr. Stone and Dr. Kahn received a most
+enthusiastic welcome from the Chinese. It had been expected that it would
+be necessary for them to spend the first few months in overcoming
+prejudices and gradually building up confidence. But on the contrary,
+patients appeared the third day after their arrival, and kept coming in
+increasing numbers, until in December it became necessary to rent
+dispensary quarters and rebuild a Chinese house to serve as a hospital. Dr.
+Stone reported in July, 1897, that since October of the preceding year, she
+and Dr. Kahn had treated 2,352 dispensary patients, made 343 visits, and
+had thirteen patients in their little hospital, besides spending a month in
+Nanking visiting the hospitals there.</p>
+
+<p>The following year the little hospital was presented with what was probably
+its first, though by no means its last, &quot;merit board.&quot;<a name="Page_170" id="Page_170" /> One of Dr. Stone's
+letters gives an account of this event:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;Two days ago we had quite an occasion. A child had been sick for a
+    long time, and the best Chinese physicians pronounced him
+    incurable. Then it was that they gave us a chance. He is recovering
+    and the parents, wanting to show their gratitude, gave us a 'merit
+    board,' thinking in this way they would 'spread our fame.'
+    Accordingly a day was selected to present the board to us, and we
+    prepared tea and cakes for those who would come. On the day
+    appointed at 2 <span class='smcap'>P.M.</span>, we heard a lot of fire-crackers, rockets, and
+    guns, and a band playing the flute and bugle at the same time. The
+    'merit board,' consisting of a black board with four big carved and
+    gilded characters in the centre, and with red cloth over it, was
+    carried into our guest hall by four men, and set on the centre
+    table. The characters complimented us by a comparison with two
+    noted women of ancient times, who were great scholars. I
+    acknowledged the honour with a low Chinese bow, and a tall, elderly
+    gentleman returned me a bow, without a word being spoken by either
+    of us. Then I withdrew, and he took tea with two of our gentlemen
+    teachers. The company stayed to see the board put up on our wall.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>As the fame of the young physicians grew and their practice steadily
+increased, they found themselves greatly hampered by lack <a name="Page_171" id="Page_171" />of a proper
+building in which to carry on their work. In 1898 Dr. Stone wrote back to
+America: &quot;Our tiny hospital is crammed full. An observer might think that
+we carried home but a slight idea of hygiene. Our hospital measures on the
+outside 28 by 21 at Chinese feet (our foot is one inch longer than yours)
+and we have been compelled to crowd in twenty-one sleepers. The building
+being so small and not protected from the heat of the sun by any trees or
+awnings, by evenings it is fairly an oven, which is certainly not a very
+desirable place for sick people. We are looking forward all the time for
+signs or signals from the women of America to build our new hospital, but
+not a letter comes to bring us this kind of message. Still we are thankful
+for the hope of building some time.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>This hope was realized almost at once, largely through the generosity of
+the friend Dr. Stone had made in Chicago, Dr. I. N. Danforth, who felt that
+no more fitting memorial could be erected to his wife than a hospital for
+Chinese women and children. Dr. Stone and Dr. Kahn drew their own plans and
+sent them to Chicago, where they were perfected in every detail by an
+architect of that city, and sent back to Kiukiang with <a name="Page_172" id="Page_172" />the necessary
+specifications and instructions. These plans were carried out to the letter
+and in 1900 an airy, grey brick building, finished with white granite and
+limestone, plentifully supplied with comfortable verandas, and bearing over
+its pillared entrance the name, &quot;Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial
+Hospital,&quot; was ready for occupancy. But on the very day that the furniture
+was moved in, the American consul advised all foreign women and children to
+leave Kiukiang immediately. The other missionaries were so unwilling to
+leave the young doctors to face the possible dangers from the Boxers alone,
+that they finally prevailed upon them to go to Japan with them.</p>
+
+<p>The hospital escaped any injury, however, and in her report for 1900, Dr.
+Stone said: &quot;Our new hospital is a comfort and constant inspiration to us
+in our work. We were indeed grateful, after half a year's enforced exile,
+to come home and find it intact and ready for use.... During six months
+there have been 3,679 dispensary patients, 59 in-patients, and 414 visits.&quot;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 639px;">
+<a href="images/img11.jpg"><img src="images/img11_th.jpg" width="639" height="208" alt="Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial Hospital, Kiukiang, China" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial Hospital, Kiukiang, China</b>
+</div>
+
+<p>The hospital was formally opened on the seventh of December, 1901, during
+the annual meeting of the Central China Methodist Mission, held that year
+at Kiukiang. The <i>North</i><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173" /><i> China Daily Herald</i> gives the following account
+of this interesting occasion:</p>
+
+<h4>THE OPENING OF A MODEL HOSPITAL IN KIUKIANG</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;On Saturday afternoon the 7th instant, some foreign residents of
+    Kiukiang, the members of the Methodist Central China Mission, and
+    many native friends gathered together at the formal opening of the
+    Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial Hospital, of which two ladies,
+    Drs. Stone and Kahn, are the physicians in charge. There were a
+    number of Chinese ladies, whose rich costumes showed the official
+    rank and wealth of husbands and fathers. The Chen-tai, prefect,
+    assistant prefect and magistrate added their official dignity to
+    the occasion. These were noticeably appreciative of the first hymn,
+    'God save the Emperor.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;Bishop Moore presided, formally opening the hospital; Mr.
+    Clennell, H.B.M., Consul for Kiukiang, gave a very good address, to
+    which Dr. Stuart, American Vice-consul of Nanking, made fitting
+    response. Then followed short, pithy speeches by Drs. Beebee and
+    Hart. The two heroines of the occasion kept modestly in the
+    background, refusing to be introduced, much to the disappointment
+    of the audience. The officials insisted that coming forward would
+    be in entire harmony with etiquette and propriety, but the Chinese
+    young ladies remained firm and were represented by <a name="Page_174" id="Page_174" />their wise
+    teacher, Miss Howe, who has planned with them and for them since
+    their childhood. After refreshments guests were at liberty to
+    saunter across verandas and through the various wards, the room for
+    foreign patients, the convalescents' room, solarium, dark room,
+    offices, reception room, etc., of this admirably planned hospital.
+    The operating room with its skylight, its operating table of glass
+    and enamel; the adjoining sterilizing room, containing apparatus
+    for distilling, sterilizing, etc., are especially interesting to
+    Chinese visitors. The drug rooms are well stocked and furnished
+    with modern appliances, instruments, a fine microscope, battery,
+    etc., and there is the nucleus of an excellent library. Everywhere
+    one finds evidence of wise forethought and careful expenditure.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<a href="images/img12.jpg"><img src="images/img12_th.jpg" width="400" height="633" alt="Dr. Stone, Dr. Kahn, and Five of the Hospital Nurses" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>Dr. Stone, Dr. Kahn, and Five of the Hospital Nurses</b>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;The Chinese have a high regard for the skill and ability of these
+    gifted young physicians. One sees this appreciation, not only in
+    the commendatory tablets hanging in the entrance hall, but in their
+    equally gracious and more serviceable gifts, which together with
+    fees amounted this year to about $2,500. The doctors have had
+    within the last twelve months, 7,854 patients and have made 531
+    out-visits. Their services have been requested by different
+    official families of Kiukiang and Nan-chang, the capital of
+    Kiangsi. Patients come to them from different provinces. The young
+    physicians fearlessly make journeys far out in the surrounding
+    country, crossing the mountains perhaps, but always in per<a name="Page_175" id="Page_175" />fect
+    safety, as they meet only with respect and courtesy. Sometimes
+    after a successful visit their chairs will be draped with a red
+    cloth and the physicians will be carried home in triumph through an
+    admiring crowd, and accompanied all the way by fire-crackers. They
+    hear only pleasant and complimentary remarks from passersby. 'We
+    are afraid of foreigners, but you can understand our nature'&mdash;so
+    the simple-minded country folk sometimes tell them.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>Dr. Stone, describing the opening of the hospital to Dr. Danforth, wrote,
+&quot;The Chinese were very much impressed with your way of commemorating your
+wife.&quot; Dr. Kahn added that one of the highest officials, who was being
+shown through the building, signified his approval by emphatically
+declaring, &quot;It would make any one well merely to stay in such a pleasant
+place.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>As a matter of fact, work had been carried on in the new building for some
+time before the formal opening. It had been ready for occupancy none too
+soon, for in the summer of 1901, the Yangtse River overflowed its banks,
+working great havoc among the crops and homes of the people living near it.
+Dr. Stone wrote Dr. Danforth: &quot;Tens of thousands have been rendered
+homeless and destitute. Some of them are literally starved to <a name="Page_176" id="Page_176" />death. The
+sick and hungry flock to our gates, and for several months we have had over
+a thousand visits each month to our dispensary.&quot; Some idea of the part
+which the hospital played in relieving the sufferings of the flood refugees
+is given by an article in <i>Woman's Work in the Far East</i>, written by Dr.
+Stone at about this time:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;Perhaps friends would like to know how we dispensed the clothes
+    and quilts so kindly sent us. During the winter months very many
+    needy refugees came to our dispensary daily for treatment. Of
+    course we did not have enough clothes to distribute
+    indiscriminately, but only for those who were the most helpless and
+    miserable. We received them by hundreds, and not only had we to
+    give out medicine, but rice, as well as clothing.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;One morning when it was raining outside, an old woman came into
+    our dispensary all exhausted, carrying a child on her back, and
+    another buttoned in front within her clothes. The older one was a
+    boy three years old and the tiny baby in her bosom was only three
+    months old. They proved to be her grandchildren, and the old woman
+    said: 'Never in our lives have we gone out to beg before, and for
+    the last three days we have not had a morsel to eat. Before the
+    floods we were considered well-to-do people, and my son is forty
+    years old and a literary man; so he is too ashamed to beg, but
+    tries to help the family <a name="Page_177" id="Page_177" />by gathering sticks for the fire. His
+    wife is sick in bed with typhoid fever and now the baby has no one
+    to nurse it, and the boy is sick, and I have to take care of them
+    all and beg for a living.' The woman had on only a lined garment,
+    so we gave her one of those wadded gowns that were sent us, and a
+    tin of milk for the baby, and also sent a little rice to make gruel
+    for the sick woman at home.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>This was only one of many cases of need which the hospital sought to
+alleviate. A few days after Christmas of this year Dr. Stone wrote to a
+friend in America: &quot;What a busy time we had getting ready to celebrate the
+joyful event! We gave a good square meal to the refugees, and let them take
+home what they could not finish here. It made me feel happy to see them so
+pleased, and gave us an opportunity to tell them of the greatest Gift to
+mankind. Although we were so rushed that we did not even sit together to
+eat our regular meals, yet we felt it was the happiest Christmas we have
+ever had.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>In addition to the refugees larger numbers of regular patients than ever
+before were coming to the doctors for treatment. The new hospital had
+hardly been opened before Miss Howe wrote, &quot;Patients who are able to bear
+their own expenses are being sent away, be<a name="Page_178" id="Page_178" />cause the present accommodations
+are already overtaxed.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Just at this time, when the doctors' growing reputation, and the increased
+facilities which the new buildings afforded, were greatly enlarging both
+opportunity and responsibility, the question of Dr. Kahn's going to
+Nanchang to open medical work there arose. It is not surprising that at
+first Dr. Stone wondered how she could spare her friend and fellow-worker,
+now that the work was greater than ever before, and every indication
+pointed to large growth in the future. But when she became convinced that
+the opportunity at Nanchang was too great to be neglected, and that only
+Dr. Kahn could meet it, she bade her God-speed and cheerfully accepted the
+added burden thus laid upon her.</p>
+
+<p>Left alone with the entire work in Kiukiang, Dr. Stone's hands were full
+indeed, as the answer which she gave to a request for a synopsis of her
+day's work shows: &quot;We breakfast at half-past seven and then I go to the
+chapel in the hospital and conduct prayers for the inmates and patients
+able to attend. After prayers I make a general inspection of the hospital,
+and then I teach my class of nurses. I take young native girls in their
+teens and give them a thorough course of training such <a name="Page_179" id="Page_179" />as they would get
+in America. I translate the English books into Chinese for them, and
+sometimes put the Chinese books into English too. Then I go to the
+dispensary and am busy there for hours.... In the afternoons I make calls,
+generally on women of rank who need my assistance and have been unable to
+get to the hospital. I return home only when here seems no further work for
+me that day.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>So far from decreasing in number after the medical force had been lessened
+by half, the stream of patients became larger than ever. A few weeks after
+Dr. Kahn had gone, Dr. Stone said, in a letter to Dr. Danforth: &quot;For a long
+time I have been wanting to write to you, but have been so pressed with
+work that I had to let my correspondence suffer. Now I find that I must
+write to you to let you know how crowded we are already, at this season
+when we generally have a scarcity of patients, as it is Chinese New Year.
+Now that our work is better known we seem to draw a better class of people.
+I don't mean very rich people, but the well-to-do, thrifty class, who earn
+their way by labour. Just now I have to accommodate seven private patients
+who are paying their own way, with only two private rooms at my disposal.
+So what do you think<a name="Page_180" id="Page_180" /> I do? I had to put one in our linen room, one in the
+sewing room, one in a bathroom, and finally, as a last resort, we had to
+put one in the nurses' dining-room.... We generally have to put patients on
+the floor in summer, but I am afraid we will not have enough room to
+accommodate more even on the floor.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Stone's dispensary patients soon averaged a thousand a month, and as
+the people's confidence grew, her surgical work also became much heavier.
+In 1906 she reported: &quot;In looking over the record for the year we realize
+that we have advanced decidedly in gaining confidence with the people.
+<i>Tai-tais</i> (ladies of rank) who formerly refused operations, returned to us
+for help.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Often her work kept her busy far into the night and she not infrequently
+fell asleep from sheer exhaustion as she was carried home, in her sedan
+chair, from some difficult case in the country. Yet her work was well done.
+The tribute of a fellow-missionary was well deserved: &quot;Dr. Stone is a tower
+of strength in herself and with her trained assistants carries the large
+work here nobly. She has been eminently successful in surgical cases and is
+having more and more to do in this line.&quot; Another, working in a different
+station, wrote,<a name="Page_181" id="Page_181" /> &quot;It was my happy fortune to be the guest of another ideal
+Chinese woman, Dr. Mary Stone, at Kiukiang. I saw her in her model
+hospital, where every little wheel of the complicated machinery was
+adjusted to perfect nicety.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>As the work grew, it became evident that larger accommodations would soon
+be imperative, and Dr. Stone succeeded in securing some additional land.
+The first addition was a lot which she had long desired to enclose within
+the hospital grounds. For some time she was unable to do this because of a
+road which ran between, but in 1905 the road was moved to the other side of
+the lot, at her petition, and the land was included within the hospital
+compound. &quot;Most of the neighbours have been patients and are friendly,&quot; one
+of her letters reports. &quot;When the magistrate came to see about moving the
+road to the other side of the lot only one man objected. He was soon
+pacified by the magistrate's remark that 'the hospital here is for the
+public good, and when it is in our power to do it a service, we should
+gladly do it.'&quot; Another piece of land was purchased during the same year,
+by money raised entirely from the Chinese.</p>
+
+<p>The next addition greatly delighted Dr. Stone's heart. Adjoining the
+hospital was a <a name="Page_182" id="Page_182" />temple known as &quot;The White Horse Temple.&quot; This was so close
+to the hospital that it made one of the wards on that side damp and dark,
+and, moreover, the noisy crowds of people who thronged it, and the beating
+of the temple gongs, made it a most undesirable neighbour for a hospital.
+Immediately after the annual meeting at which Dr. Stone had been enabled to
+report the purchase of the other lots, a cablegram came from America with
+the good news that $1,000 had been secured for the purchase of the temple
+and the lot on which it stood. Purchasing a temple is quite sure not to be
+an easy task, but in spite of many hindrances Dr. Stone succeeded in
+securing the lot and in making what she gleefully termed &quot;a real Methodist
+conversion&quot; of the temple into an isolation ward.</p>
+
+<p>In 1896 Dr. Stone had landed in China and with Dr. Kahn begun medical work
+in a small, rented Chinese building. In 1906 she found herself in sole
+charge of a large, finely equipped hospital for women and children, with a
+practice which was increasing so rapidly as to make constant additions to
+the hospital property necessary.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 599px;">
+<a href="images/img13.jpg"><img src="images/img13_th.jpg" width="599" height="400" alt="General Ward of the Danforth Memorial Hospital" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>General Ward of the Danforth Memorial Hospital</b>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183" />III</h3>
+
+<h3>WINNING FRIENDS IN AMERICA</h3>
+
+
+<p>In 1907, after eleven years of almost unceasing labour, during four of
+which she had carried the growing work at Kiukiang entirely alone, except
+for the help of the nurses whom she herself had trained, Dr. Stone
+reluctantly laid down her beloved work for a few months. During the winter
+of 1906 she had a severe attack of illness which she herself diagnosed as
+appendicitis, and for which she directed treatment which brought her
+relief. But renewed attacks finally convinced her and her friends that she
+must submit to an operation if her life was to be saved. It was decided
+that she should go to an American hospital, for as a fellow physician
+located at another station of the mission wrote, &quot;We all have a very high
+regard for her and her work, and wanted her to get the best that could be
+had.&quot; Moreover, it was a good opportunity to get her &quot;away from China for a
+much-needed change and rest.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Accordingly Dr. Stone, accompanied by her <a name="Page_184" id="Page_184" />friend, Miss Hughes of the
+Kiukiang mission, sailed from Shanghai, February 9. President Roosevelt,
+who was acquainted with her work and knew of her serious condition, had a
+telegram sent to the Commissioner of Immigration at San Francisco, giving
+instructions that the Chinese physician be admitted with no delay or nerve
+strain. She was therefore passed at once, with all consideration and all
+possible help.</p>
+
+<p>From San Francisco Dr. Stone went straight to the Wesleyan Hospital in
+Chicago, that she might be under Dr. Danforth's care. The operation was
+entirely successful, and early in April, less than a month after reaching
+America, she was sufficiently recovered to take the trip to Miss Hughes'
+home in New Jersey, where she was to rest for a few weeks.</p>
+
+<p>Complete rest, however, was an impossibility to Dr. Stone, even during her
+convalescence, so long as there was any service she could render. Two weeks
+after her arrival Miss Hughes wrote Dr. Danforth that &quot;our little doctor&quot;
+was accompanying her to several of the meetings which she was addressing,
+and was &quot;making friends right and left for her work.&quot; Boxes of instruments,
+pillows, and spreads for the hospital beds, a baby organ for the hospital,
+the support of a nurse, and other <a name="Page_185" id="Page_185" />useful things were being promised by
+these new friends. &quot;Her smiling face, with no word from her even, is a
+wonderful revelation to people who judge the Chinese by the putty-faced
+laundrymen, the only specimen of China they have ever seen,&quot; said Miss
+Hughes. Dr. Stone spent the month of May in New York, attending lectures
+and clinics in the hospitals there. As she was starting for Chicago at the
+end of May, she wrote Dr. Danforth:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;Do you think I shall be able to see much clinic in two weeks? That
+    is the only time allotted me, and my only hope is that you will be
+    the 'master of the situation,' and help me to spend every minute to
+    the best advantage.... I have attended as much clinic as I possibly
+    could this month, but it is awfully hard to get around in New York.
+    Do you suppose I would be able to go directly to Wesley Hospital
+    Monday, and do you think Dr. J&mdash;&mdash; would have the time and the
+    interest to show me the inside methods of the hospital? He wrote me
+    a most kind letter and invited me to do so.... Two weeks will mean
+    a lot if I can be right in the inside track of things. I want some
+    time on the eye and ear work, besides a few clinics on dermatology.
+    I know two weeks will not be enough for the much I want to see and
+    know, but since it is the only time I am to have, I know you will
+    help me to make the most of it.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186" />Thus did the indefatigable little doctor take the &quot;much-needed rest&quot; of
+which her friends in China had written. That she did make the most of her
+two weeks is testified to by Mrs. Danforth, who visited many of the
+hospitals with her, and who says: &quot;In visiting the hospitals she never
+missed a thing. She saw everything&mdash;nothing escaped her notice, not even
+the laundries. She was always keenly alert for every idea that would
+improve her hospital.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>On her way back to the East, Dr. Stone stopped at Ann Arbor, for she was
+eager to revisit her &quot;dear old campus,&quot; and the faculty under whom she had
+taken her medical work. &quot;We had a lovely time in Ann Arbor,&quot; she said in
+writing to a friend. &quot;Dr. Breakey, in whose home we stayed, arranged a
+meeting, or reception, where I saw most of my old professors. Then in the
+parsonage we met all the ladies of our church. Next day I had a meeting in
+the church.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The next few months were filled with almost incessant labour, chiefly
+speaking and making friends for her work. The cordial responses which she
+met everywhere never became an old story to Dr. Stone and her letters are
+full of enthusiastic accounts of them. &quot;Here at Silver Bay, a society wants
+<a name="Page_187" id="Page_187" />to support a missionary and we hope to find the missionary to-night. The
+first was yesterday's work and the second we hope to gain to-day.&quot; Again,
+&quot;Last night on the car we met a gentleman whom I know through my sister
+Anna, and after a few minutes' talk he wants to give me his camera, 5x7,
+for hospital work. Isn't that splendid?&quot; Or, &quot;This morning we went into a
+flower-seed store and what do you suppose the proprietor did but to give us
+the seeds, a big list of all kinds we wanted, and then offered to add a few
+more varieties. We are having lots of fun here.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Stone met with no less enthusiasm in public meetings than in her
+contact with individuals. One of her hostesses tells of her remarkable
+success in arousing genuine interest in her work: &quot;She spoke at churches
+very often while she was with us, and not once did she fail to get what she
+asked for. She did not ask for things in general but for definite
+things,&mdash;pillows for the beds, lamps for the gateway, etc. She is
+irresistible.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The same friend tells of the glee with which Dr. Stone, whose English is
+perfect, delighted to learn modern slang phrases. After practising them in
+the bosom of the family she would sometimes innocently introduce them into
+her <a name="Page_188" id="Page_188" />addresses, invariably bringing down the house thereby. At one meeting,
+after telling a most remarkable story, she remarked, &quot;You may think this is
+a whopper, but it is true!&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Reports of the meetings at which she spoke contain such items as this: &quot;The
+pastor of St. James Church offered to duplicate all money given in the
+collection when Miss Hughes and Dr. Stone spoke. Six hundred and eighty-two
+dollars was the result. A gentleman present offered one hundred dollars for
+a speech from Dr. Stone in his church. The speech was made and one hundred
+and eighty-two dollars put in the treasury.&quot; Other items read: &quot;At the
+district meeting a new auxiliary came into being in &mdash;&mdash; Church. No one
+could resist Dr. Mary Stone's persuasive tones as she went up and down the
+aisles asking, 'Won't you join?' She told the people how much she needed a
+pump in Kiukiang and forthwith the pump materialized.&quot; The <i>New York
+Herald</i> gave a long and enthusiastic report of her work, ending with the
+words: &quot;'Am I not fortunate? And I am so grateful to be able to help a
+little!' is the modest way she sums up a work of magnitude sufficient to
+keep a corps of medical men busily employed.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Everywhere this little Chinese woman made <a name="Page_189" id="Page_189" />friends. The words of one of her
+hostesses are emphatic: &quot;She was in our home for a month, and she is one of
+the most attractive women of any race I have ever met. She is so charming
+that she wins her way everywhere.&quot; &quot;She is so gracious and cordial,&quot; said
+another. &quot;She came into our family just as a member of it. I was not very
+well at the time and she gave me massage every night. Her whole life and
+her whole interest is in doing for others. And the wonderful thing about
+her is her ability to do so much.&quot; &quot;No missionary that we have is more
+greatly loved,&quot; is the verdict of another.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Stone greatly enjoyed her stay in America. &quot;Dr. Danforth called my
+appendix 'that blamed thing,'&quot; she said. &quot;I call it that blessed thing,
+because it brought me to this country and people have been so kind to me.&quot;
+But she was eager to return to Kiukiang, and early in September was on her
+way back to China, rejoicing in renewed health and new friends for her
+work, and in the many gifts which were going to make that work more
+efficient.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190" />IV</h3>
+
+<h3>A VERSATILE WOMAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Chief among the gifts which Dr. Stone received for her work while in
+America, was the entire sum of money needed to build another wing to the
+hospital. The need of this wing had been felt for years, for the hospital
+had become crowded as soon as it was opened. Dr. Stone's ingenuity had been
+taxed to the utmost to enlarge the capacity of the original buildings, by
+putting patients into rooms designed for far different purposes, and even
+partitioning off sections of the halls for them. Still many whom she longed
+to take in had to be turned away. Many times it had seemed as if the
+much-needed addition were almost a reality. But the money would not be
+quite sufficient; or the contractors could not be secured; or prices of
+building material would rise and the cost would prove to be double that
+originally estimated; it seemed as if the wing were too elusive ever to
+materialize. On her return to Kiukiang work on the new wing was commenced,
+and it was <a name="Page_191" id="Page_191" />finished the following autumn. This addition practically
+doubled the hospital work, and Miss Hughes wrote that Dr. Stone was in &quot;the
+seventh or seventeenth heaven over it all.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>At the same time that the new wing was being built, a little bungalow was
+erected in the hills behind the city, where children with fevers could be
+sent to escape the intense heat of the summer months in Kiukiang. &quot;The
+Rawling Bungalow is finished and the children are all up there for the
+summer,&quot; Dr. Stone wrote in 1908. &quot;I know you will be delighted at this
+annex to the hospital. Of course it is only a bungalow ... but it is a
+blessed relief to have this place to which to send the sick little ones and
+those who otherwise would be left to suffer here all summer.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>As soon as the masons had finished their work on the new wing of the
+hospital they began on another new building just beside it; a home for the
+doctor and Miss Hughes, also a gift from friends in America. That, too, was
+completed by the end of 1908, and during Chinese New Year, a time when the
+hospital work was less pressing, Dr. Stone and Miss Hughes took a trip to
+Shanghai to buy furniture for it. It is easy for one who saw the doctor
+then to imagine the keenness with which <a name="Page_192" id="Page_192" />she noticed every detail in the
+American hospitals, for while visiting in the homes of friends in Shanghai
+nothing escaped her quick eye. Miss Hughes' attention was constantly called
+to things that pleased the doctor's taste by her often reiterated, &quot;Look
+here! We must have this in our home.&quot; &quot;Miss Hughes and I shall try to make
+our home so homey,&quot; she wrote to a friend, &quot;and we shall open it for
+everybody, the everyday, common folks as well as the <i>Tai-tais</i>.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The next addition to the hospital property was a home for the nurses, money
+for which had been pledged during Dr. Stone's stay in America. As soon as
+the funds were sent out building was commenced, and in March, 1909, the
+nurses moved into their new home. The accommodations of the hospital were
+thus enlarged still further, and moreover the nurses had a far more restful
+environment in which to spend the hours when they were off duty.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 623px;">
+<a href="images/img14.jpg"><img src="images/img14_th.jpg" width="623" height="400" alt="Nurses of the Danforth Memorial Hospital" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>Nurses of the Danforth Memorial Hospital</b>
+</div>
+
+<p>One who met Dr. Stone in America spoke of the great impression made upon
+her by the doctor's ability to do many things. The demands upon the
+physician in entire charge of the large Danforth Memorial Hospital are
+indeed many and varied, but Dr. Stone has proved equal to them all.</p>
+
+<p>She is a good general practitioner. Prob<a name="Page_193" id="Page_193" />ably the best proof of this is
+the number of patients who throng the hospital gates. In 1908 she reported,
+&quot;Last month we saw over 1,700 people in the hospital and dispensary, and in
+April we saw over 1,800.&quot; A year later she wrote, &quot;Taking the statistics
+for last month I found we treated 2,743 in the month of April.&quot; Her
+successful treatment of the most difficult diseases is all the more
+remarkable to one who knows the tendency of many Chinese not to consult a
+physician until the patient is at the point of death. Their utter lack of
+knowledge of the simplest rules for the care of the sick, and the dreadful
+surroundings in which so many of them live, produce, in those who are
+brought to the doctor after long weeks of suffering, conditions which are
+almost too terrible to describe.</p>
+
+<p>The words of a fellow-missionary throw light on the difficult character of
+Dr. Stone's work:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;Talk of missionary work! People at home don't know the meaning of
+    the word! Here is this plucky little woman in the midst of this
+    awful heat&mdash;I dare not go outside of a shaded room until after the
+    sun is down at night&mdash;treating anywhere from twenty to fifty
+    patients in the dispensary every day, and her charity ward filled
+    with the most trying, difficult, repulsive cases of suffering
+    humanity.<a name="Page_194" id="Page_194" /> Missionary work? Why you don't even <i>find</i> such cases as
+    she has every day, in the hospitals of America. How the people live
+    as long as they do&mdash;how these poor little suffering children
+    survive until they get to the state they are in when brought to the
+    hospital, is more than I can understand.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>Dr. Edward C. Perkins, who visited Dr. Stone for several days, lays similar
+emphasis on the serious condition in which the doctor finds those who apply
+to her for treatment. &quot;The cases which came to the dispensary were sorely
+in need of help. This was, I think, the invariable rule. Such cases they
+were as do not often come to the observance of physicians in this country,
+and some familiarity with the dispensaries of four of the large hospitals
+in New York City, has almost failed to show such need as the little doctor
+sees continually.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>No physician in China can be a specialist. One of Dr. Stone's letters shows
+the variety of diseases which she is called upon to treat. &quot;Women come to
+us almost dead; paralyzed, blind, and helpless.... We have in the isolation
+wards, measles; and in the contagious rooms, locked up, leprosy; an insane
+woman locked up in her room; typhoid, tuberculosis, paralyzed women and
+children, ulcer cases such as you would never dream of, surgical <a name="Page_195" id="Page_195" />cases of
+all kinds, and internal cases too numerous to mention.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>A letter from a Kiukiang missionary tells of one woman who came to the
+hospital with &quot;not a square inch of good flesh on her entire body.&quot; Fingers
+and toes were so diseased as to be dropping off, and the poor woman's
+suffering was unspeakable. Dr. Stone put her in isolation, and taking every
+precaution with gloves and antiseptics, herself washed and dressed the
+repulsive sores, in spite of the sufferer's protests, &quot;Oh, doctor, don't
+touch me. I am too filthy for your pure hands to touch.&quot; This she did every
+day, until, her sores completely healed, the woman was discharged from the
+hospital a few weeks later.</p>
+
+<p>Hon. Charles M. Dow of Jamestown, N.Y., who was taking a trip around the
+world, met Bishop Lewis on a Yangtse-kiang steamer, and was invited by him
+to stop off at Kiukiang to make the acquaintance of a remarkable surgeon of
+that city. Great was Mr. Dow's astonishment when the surgeon appeared and
+proved to be &quot;a small and very attractive native Chinese woman.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Stone is so small that she has to stand on a stool to reach her
+operating table; but Dr. Danforth's testimony is that she is performing the
+largest operations known to surgery, and <a name="Page_196" id="Page_196" />that no Chicago surgeon is doing
+work superior to hers. Moreover she has no fellow physicians to assist her
+in her surgical work. The most delicate operations, for which an American
+surgeon would call in the assistance of brother physicians, internes, and
+the most expert of graduate nurses, are performed by Dr. Stone entirely
+unaided except for the faithful nurses whom she has herself trained. Only
+at rare intervals does she receive a visit from a fellow physician such as
+Dr. Perkins of New York, who, in an interesting account of his stay at
+Kiukiang, tells of performing his first major operation &quot;in her operating
+room and under her direction.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>At first the people were afraid to submit to operations, but the doctor's
+marked success with those who permitted her to operate soon overcame their
+fear. The results of her skilful use of the knife have been most marvellous
+to them. That a young woman of over twenty, who could not be betrothed
+because of a hare lip reaching into the nose, with a projection of the
+maxillary bone between the clefts, could be successfully operated on and
+transformed into a marriageable maiden, seemed nothing short of miraculous.
+Nor was it less wonderful to them that an old woman could, by an operation,
+be relieved of an ab<a name="Page_197" id="Page_197" />dominal tumor from which she had suffered for sixteen
+years, and which, when removed, weighed fifty-two pounds. &quot;The people
+appreciate surgery more and more,&quot; reads one of Dr. Stone's recent letters.
+&quot;A lot of the tuberculosis patients who have seen the quick results from
+operations want me to operate on their lungs.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Another large department of Dr. Stone's work has been the training of her
+nurses. This has been an absolute necessity, for, as Dr. Stone said: &quot;When
+I found I had to run a hospital with accommodations for 100 beds, and an
+out-patient department with sometimes 120 patients a day, I at once found I
+had to multiply myself by training workers. These workers I selected from
+various Christian schools with good recommendations as to qualifications. I
+do not dare to take into training any one who has failed as a teacher or in
+any line of work, because nursing is an art still in its embryo. To succeed
+in this profession one must not only know how to read and write, but also
+know arithmetic and some English.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The course of study which Dr. Stone gives her nurses is about the same as
+that prescribed by the regular training schools, or hospitals, in America.
+To do this she has had to trans<a name="Page_198" id="Page_198" />late several English text-books into
+Chinese for the use of her students. The reliable and efficient nurses who
+have completed the course and are now her trusted assistants in all her
+work, have amply repaid her for all the time and labour she has expended
+upon this part of her work.</p>
+
+<p>In an article on &quot;Hospital Economics&quot; she speaks of the efficient service
+of these nurses:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;I am blessed with five consecrated young women,&quot; she says, &quot;who
+    have completed a course of nursing and studies with me, and I have
+    divided the work into different departments, holding them
+    responsible for the work and for the younger nurses under them. For
+    instance, one of the graduates is the matron, who looks after all
+    the housekeeping and the accounts, watching for the best market
+    time for buying each article in connection with the diet, the best
+    foodstuff for the money expended, and looks after each and all of
+    the servants so that they do their work properly. Another graduate
+    nurse looks after the dispensary, the filling of prescriptions, the
+    weighing and compounding of medicines, and superintends the sale of
+    drugs in that department. Another one has charge of all in-patients
+    upstairs, and another downstairs, including private cases, with
+    junior nurses under her. These look after the special diet, and the
+    carrying out of orders in all the wards and the charting of
+    records. (This is done in Eng<a name="Page_199" id="Page_199" />lish.) Still another nurse has charge
+    of the operating room, with all of the sterilization necessary for
+    all major and minor operations, the distillation of water, and the
+    responsibility of going out to cases with the doctor. In this way
+    it is arranged that in case of all operations the one doctor has
+    her assistants in the operating room, and yet does not interfere
+    with the regular working of the hospital.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>&quot;Dr. Stone is multiplying herself many-fold by her splendid training of
+nurses in the Kiukiang hospital,&quot; is the verdict of Mrs. Bashford, wife of
+the Methodist Missionary Bishop of China. She has watched Dr. Stone's work
+with keen and intelligent interest, and her opinion seems to be justified
+by the results. When after weeks of unusual strain Dr. Stone was persuaded
+to take a short vacation in the mountains back of Kiukiang, her corps of
+fourteen nurses, five of them graduates, kept up the work of the hospital,
+and treated about eighty patients a day in the dispensary. Twice, in answer
+to telegrams, Dr. Stone returned to Kiukiang, only to find each time that
+everything had been done to her entire satisfaction. &quot;Were it not for the
+efficient help I have from my nurses, I should not be able to manage this
+work at all,&quot; she says.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200" />Doubtless one great reason for Dr. Stone's success in raising up efficient
+workers is her confidence in them, and her sympathetic attitude toward
+them. &quot;I believe many a valued worker is lost to her profession through
+lack of sympathy and encouragement when needed,&quot; she once said. &quot;Surely the
+Lord values the workers as well as His work, and we who want our work to
+prosper cannot afford to ignore the interests of those upon whom we depend
+so largely for success.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The nurses in turn have a pride in the hospital as great as the doctor's
+own, and are as devoted to it. &quot;The nurses are fine in standing up for our
+standard of cleanliness,&quot; Dr. Stone wrote to a fellow-physician. &quot;For
+instance, when this patient came (a very poor woman) the nurses got hold of
+her, bathed her, and put her in our clean, white clothes and tucked her
+away in one of these clean white beds in no time.... She begged to keep the
+bandages on her bound feet. 'No,' the nurses said, 'such dirty bandages in
+our clean bed! No!'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Writing to Dr. Danforth of her first graduating class, Dr. Stone said: &quot;You
+may ask if they are going to run away and earn large sums for themselves.
+No, they are going to stay and help me in the hospital work, or <a name="Page_201" id="Page_201" />earn money
+for the hospital. You see, I assign each one to a department of work, and
+she is the head-nurse of that department. Then by turn I send them out to
+do private nursing, and the sums they earn are turned into the hospital for
+caring for the poor who cannot help themselves. Mrs. Wong is nursing Mrs.
+B&mdash;&mdash; of our own mission at Nanking, and when she comes back Miss Chang
+will be sent to Wuhu to nurse a lady of another mission. Dr. Barrie, of
+Kuling, has written to me to engage several for the new hospital at Kuling
+for foreigners during this summer season. I told him I could accommodate
+him because I have three other classes in training.... The spirit has been
+most beautiful among the nurses. Many of them take their afternoon 'off
+duty' to do evangelistic work in the homes of patients.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The well-trained corps of nurses is one of the most convincing testimonies
+to that of which the whole hospital is a proof&mdash;the administrative ability
+of the physician in charge. No detail of a well-managed hospital, from the
+record files and wheel stretchers to the hand-power washing machine, is
+neglected. Nevertheless the hospital is conducted with true economy. Dr.
+Stone defines economy as &quot;the art which avoids all waste and extrava<a name="Page_202" id="Page_202" />gance
+and applies money to the best advantage. It is not economy to buy cheap
+furniture that has to be replaced all the time. It is poor economy to buy
+cheap food and let patients suffer for lack of nourishment.... It is poor
+economy to use cheap drugs and drug your patient's life out. It is poor
+economy to use wooden beds and have to patronize Standard Oil to keep them
+clean. It is also poor economy not to use sheets and thin quilts, instead
+of the heavy comfortables the Chinese have, just in order to save the heavy
+washing and disinfection. It is poor economy to have cheap servants who can
+do nothing. With trained workers to look after instruments, instead of
+having to depend on servants, I find instruments last longer.&quot; As a result,
+the universal testimony of those who visit the hospital is, &quot;Dr. Stone has
+one of the finest hospitals we have ever seen.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>From the outset the doctor's ideal has been to make the medical work as
+largely self-supporting as possible. Of course many of those most in need
+of medical aid could pay nothing for it, nor for their medicines, nor even,
+if they were in-patients, for their food. Others, however, could pay
+something, and still others were able to pay in full. Soon after work in
+the Danforth Hospital was be<a name="Page_203" id="Page_203" />gun, Dr. Stone wrote: &quot;Our ordinary charge for
+food is sixty cash a day or two dollars per month. For private rooms they
+pay ten to twenty dollars, according to the kind of room they have.
+Occasionally we meet some generous Chinese who give freely and thus help a
+great deal our poor patients, some of whom cannot even pay for their rice.
+For instance, one man has paid three hundred dollars this year for his
+wife, who is still here for treatment, and will probably give more when she
+is through. Another man has given one hundred and forty dollars for his
+wife's treatment. Last quarter we received over four hundred dollars, and
+this quarter over five hundred dollars here. We are getting to have more of
+the well-to-do patients.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>A letter written in 1905 tells of ways in which the Chinese assist the
+hospital financially: &quot;It has been my privilege to minister unto many of
+this poor class of people with the fees I receive from the rich. So often I
+find in the morning I earn a good fee, and in the evening I spend it on a
+very poor case. Lately I have been sending a subscription book around. I
+first sent it to the highest official here, and it was immediately returned
+with fifty dollars. It encouraged me very much, for I know the work is
+approved of by the <a name="Page_204" id="Page_204" />officials and the common people, and they are both
+helping all they can.&quot; Once she reported that at a time when the financial
+outlook was unusually discouraging, an unknown non-Christian Chinese sent a
+messenger several hundred <i>li</i> with a gift of money to relieve the
+situation.</p>
+
+<p>Patients who cannot afford to pay anything, but who can use their hands,
+are given sewing to do, and in this way make some contribution toward the
+expenses of the work. The nurses, too, who have received training from the
+hospital, either give their services or the money which they receive from
+private cases. Thus, in various ways, many of the running expenses are met
+on the field, but as so much work is done for the poor, the physician's
+salary and the larger part of the equipment have come from friends in
+America.</p>
+
+<p>Even in the interior of China, and in the midst of the most active of
+lives, Dr. Stone has never ceased to be a student. Early in her work she
+wrote to a friend in America who was also a physician, &quot;We feel that in
+order to keep up in our profession we need occasionally some of the latest
+works, especially since medical science is one of the most progressive of
+all.&quot; Subsequent letters are full of commissions such as, &quot;I need an
+English <a name="Page_205" id="Page_205" />and Latin dictionary very much in the work. Will you buy one&mdash;a
+good one&mdash;for me?&quot; &quot;Will you kindly buy Hyde's work on 'Venereal Diseases,'
+not on Skin, for I have that.&quot; Or &quot;I should like very much to have a work
+on Hygiene. You know the Chinese have such primitive ideas on that subject,
+and if I can get a good standard book I can pick out and translate for the
+benefit of the people. Then if there is still anything left, I would like a
+small book on bandaging and massage, for I want to train new nurses.
+Occasionally, when you see something new and well-tested, such as articles
+you think will help my work, especially anything on tuberculosis, cholera,
+hydrophobia, etc., etc., just remember the back number in China, won't
+you?&quot;</p>
+
+<p>With keen recognition of the inestimable value which her scientific study
+and training have been to her in her work, Dr. Stone has never failed to
+remember the great Source of motive and power, and has ever been eager to
+share with her patients the joy and peace of the Christian religion. Every
+morning she conducts a service in the hospital chapel for the employees of
+the hospital, and such of the patients as are able to attend. At the same
+time the nurses are holding a similar service in the ward upstairs. While
+the dis<a name="Page_206" id="Page_206" />pensary patients are waiting their turn in the examining room, one
+or more Bible women utilize the time by telling them the truths of
+Christianity. Dr. Stone's own mother has done such work for years, morning
+after morning, among her daughter's dispensary patients.</p>
+
+<p>One of the other missionaries at Kiukiang tells of going through the
+hospital one evening, as the nurses were getting the patients settled for
+the night. She noticed a low murmur which she did not at first understand,
+until she saw that at every bed someone was in prayer. Here a mother was
+kneeling by the side of her little suffering son; there another mother of
+high rank was praying that the life of the baby by whose crib she knelt
+might be spared to her. In one corner a woman had crept out of bed and was
+kneeling with her face to the floor; in other places those who were too
+sick to leave their beds were softly praying in them.</p>
+
+<p>The nurses are all Christian women, able to minister to the spiritual as
+well as the physical. Dr. Perkins says of them: &quot;The nurses, too, are
+strongly evangelistic in their thought and effort, and even to one who
+could not understand the language, the atmosphere of Christian harmony and
+the remarkable lack of friction in a place so busy and so con<a name="Page_207" id="Page_207" />stantly full
+of problems, was very noticeable.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>One night Dr. Stone went into the room of a patient who had been greatly
+dreading a serious operation which she was to undergo the next day, to be
+greeted with a radiant face and the words, &quot;Oh, doctor, I'm not afraid now
+of the operation. I've been talking to your God.&quot; Earlier in the evening
+one of the youngest of the nurses had found her crying bitterly and the old
+woman had told her: &quot;I'm so afraid of the operation. You see the other
+woman you told me of was a Christian and of course your God helped her.
+I've never worshipped your God. I never knew of Him before and He may not
+help me.&quot; &quot;Why, you needn't cry over that!&quot; the little nurse assured her.
+&quot;Our God doesn't blame you when no one had told you about Him. Now that you
+know, if you love Him and pray to Him, He will help you.&quot; Then she knelt
+down beside her and taught her how to pray to Him. After the operation was
+over and the patient, fully recovered, was going back to her village, she
+said to the doctor, &quot;I am the first one in our village to hear of Jesus.
+Won't you come <i>soon</i> to my people and tell them.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Stone's letters and reports are full of <a name="Page_208" id="Page_208" />accounts of the way in which,
+from the beginning, the work of the hospital has brought the knowledge of
+the Great Physician to those whose bodies had been so tenderly cared for by
+His followers that their hearts were very open. Whole families, sometimes
+almost entire communities, have become Christian as a result of the medical
+work. An interesting instance of the way in which the hospital's influence
+is spread by its patients is the case of a little girl, eight years old,
+who unbound her feet while in the hospital, and became so ardent an
+advocate of natural feet that after she had returned to the village in
+which she lived, she and her father succeeded in persuading three hundred
+families to pledge that their daughters should have natural feet.</p>
+
+<p>It is quite impossible to separate Dr. Stone's definitely religious work
+from her medical work; for while Sunday afternoons and the chapel hour in
+the morning are set aside by her for purely evangelistic work, her
+Christian faith permeates all that she does. In the first years of her
+practice she did some itinerating work, but now that the work is so large
+and she is the only physician in charge, she has had to give that up. The
+nurses, however, still carry it on. &quot;You see, while I am practically tied
+to the place,&quot; writes <a name="Page_209" id="Page_209" />the doctor, &quot;it gives so much happiness to be able
+to send out workers like these and to spread our influence. As the nurses
+say, they will be able to send a lot of patients back to the hospital. You
+see the more work we have the merrier we are.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Every time an evangelistic worker goes out on the district, one of the
+nurses accompanies her, and with ointments, simple medicines, bandages,
+vaccine, etc., treats several hundred patients in the country beyond the
+reach of physicians. At one time in the bitter cold weather of winter a
+message came from a distant village where smallpox was raging, asking that
+a nurse be sent to treat the sick people and vaccinate those who had not
+yet taken the disease. One woman in that village had once been at the
+hospital, and it was through her that the call came. One of the nurses at
+once volunteered to go, and with a Bible woman and a reliable man-servant
+she took the trip down the river, in a little sampan, to the smitten
+village. During four days she treated over one hundred patients not only in
+the village, but also in the region round about; for she and the Bible
+woman walked thirty <i>li</i> every day to sufferers in the country. While the
+nurse worked, the Bible woman preached, and in this way hundreds of <a name="Page_210" id="Page_210" />people
+heard of Christianity for the first time. As Dr. Stone says, &quot;The cry now
+is not for open doors, for we have free entrance into the homes of the rich
+and poor. What we need now is an efficient force of trained evangelistic
+workers to ... follow up the seed thus sown broadcast on such receptive
+soil.&quot; This need the Training School for Bible Women is helping to meet.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Stephen Baldwin writing to Dr. Danforth said, &quot;The Lord honoured your
+investment by placing in it one of the most wonderful doctors in all this
+world.&quot; But Dr. Stone is not only a physician, but an all-round woman. &quot;She
+is equal to any sudden call to speak,&quot; said one who heard her often when
+she was in America. A report of the Missionary Conference at Kuling, China,
+states that &quot;Dr. Stone's paper on 'Hospital Economics' was the finest
+feature of an attractive conference.&quot; At the request of this conference she
+prepared a leaflet on the diet suited to Chinese schoolgirls, and a few
+years ago wrote a very useful book on the subject: &quot;Until the Doctor
+Comes.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>&quot;I observed her in her home,&quot; writes a missionary who stopped at Kiukiang
+for a few days <i>en route</i> to Peking, &quot;a housewifely woman, thoughtful of
+every detail that might <a name="Page_211" id="Page_211" />ensure a guest's comfort. In a single month
+recently she treated 1,995 women and children, yet she is not too busy to
+be a gracious hostess. Chinese ladies delight to visit her, and such is the
+influence of this modest woman that the Hsien's wife has unbound her feet.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>It may well be questioned, great as are Dr. Stone's achievements, which is
+of more value, the actual work she is doing, or the inspiration which her
+efficient, self-sacrificing Christian life is bringing to the awakened
+womanhood of the new China. The words of Miss Howe regarding Dr. Stone and
+Dr. Kahn indicate their influence: &quot;They seem to be an inspiration to the
+girls and women of all classes. When our schoolgirls learn of anything 'the
+doctors' did when they were pupils, they seem to think they have found
+solid ground on which to set their feet.&quot; A letter from another
+fellow-worker stated that Dr. Stone was to give the address at the
+graduation exercises of the class of 1909 of the Nanking Normal School for
+Women at which the viceroy and &quot;other notables of China&quot; were to be
+present. Dr. Stone was greatly touched when the daughter-in-law of a
+viceroy once said to her that she would gladly give up all her servants,
+her beautiful clothes, her jewels, even her position, if she could lead a
+<a name="Page_212" id="Page_212" />useful life like hers, instead of making one of the many puppets in the
+long court ceremonies, with nothing to think of except her appearance, and
+nothing to do but kill time.</p>
+
+<p>It is a great joy to the doctor to have a part in bringing about a
+realization of the achievements of which Chinese women are capable, and she
+has been willing to make any sacrifice necessary to do this. Soon after Dr.
+Kahn's transfer to Nanchang had left her with almost double work, Dr.
+Danforth wrote that he had found a nurse in one of the Chicago hospitals
+who was willing to go to China, and asked Dr. Stone what she would think of
+having her come to the Danforth Hospital. Dr. Stone replied that while she
+would take her if Dr. Danforth wished, she would really rather not, on the
+whole. Personally, she said, she would have been very glad to have her
+come, but she was eager that her work should accomplish two things which it
+could accomplish only if it were purely Chinese: first, that it should
+convince the Chinese women themselves that they are able to do things of
+which they have never dreamed; and, second, that it should show the people
+of other nations that the only reason why Chinese women have for centuries
+lived such narrow lives is that they have not had opportunity to develop
+<a name="Page_213" id="Page_213" />their native powers. She feared that if an American nurse came to the
+hospital it would look as if the purely Chinese work had failed, and that
+it had been necessary to call in help from America.</p>
+
+<p>Accordingly, although Dr. Stone has sometimes been forced to admit that her
+work has been so heavy as to tax both heart and strength to the utmost, she
+has carried it all these years with no help, except from the nurses she has
+trained. She has counted no task too hard, no labour too constant, if she
+may thereby benefit her countrywomen physically, intellectually, or
+spiritually. &quot;She does not spare herself,&quot; one of her friends writes, &quot;she
+seems unable to do so, and is too tender-hearted to turn the suffering away
+for her own need.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The past year has brought peculiar burdens to the doctor. She carried on
+her regular hospital work as usual, until the disturbances caused by the
+Revolution came so near that all the women and children in the schools and
+hospital were ordered into the foreign concession. This order came at
+night, and by two o'clock the next morning not a patient was left in the
+hospital.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Stone turned over the hospital to the revolutionary leaders, and each
+day she and <a name="Page_214" id="Page_214" />her trained nurses cared for the injured soldiers sheltered in
+it. The leaders of the Revolution urged her to wear the white badge which
+was their emblem, but she told them that while her sympathies were with
+them, as a Red Cross physician she must remain neutral, that she might be
+able to render assistance to the wounded on both sides. Her explanation was
+courteously accepted, and an armed guard was furnished to escort her to and
+from the hospital each morning and evening.</p>
+
+<p>When the Manchu governor of Nanchang was captured he was taken to Kiukiang,
+where, in chagrin at his imprisonment, he attempted suicide. Deserted by
+his servants and soldiers, he would have died alone and uncared for had it
+not been for Dr. Stone, for no one else dared to go near him. Dr. Stone and
+two of her nurses cared for him until the death which they could not
+prevent, but which they made far easier than it would otherwise have been.
+It was this same governor who, but a few months before, had refused Dr.
+Stone the rights of Chinese citizenship because, in purchasing land for a
+men's hospital at Kiukiang, she was buying property for foreigners.</p>
+
+<p>When the leaders of the revolutionary party <a name="Page_215" id="Page_215" />learned that their prisoner
+had committed suicide they were greatly disturbed. None of them dared to
+carry the news to General Ma, lest, in accordance with an old Oriental
+custom, he should punish the bearer of ill tidings. In their perplexity
+they went to Dr. Stone and asked her to take the news to the general.
+Accordingly the little doctor, accompanied only by one of her nurses, went
+to the general's headquarters to break the news to him. It is significant,
+not only of the universal respect accorded the doctor, but also of the new
+position accorded woman in China, that these women, who ventured unattended
+into a soldiers' camp, were received with every courtesy. General Ma asked
+the doctor many questions about her work, and at the close of their
+interview exclaimed, &quot;When things are settled once more, I intend to find
+support for such a work; the Chinese ought to help it.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Because of the disturbances caused by the Revolution, many students in the
+Kiukiang schools returned to their homes. The family of one young woman
+insisted that she make use of this enforced vacation to become married to
+the young Chinese to whom she had long been engaged. The marriage was
+unwelcome to her, for she was a Christian and <a name="Page_216" id="Page_216" />the man was not, but as she
+was the only Christian in her family she received no sympathy from them,
+and the wedding was set for Christmas day. The parents, however, yielded to
+their daughter's earnest desire for a Christian ceremony, and her brother
+was dispatched to Kiukiang to seek Dr. Stone, who had been eminently
+successful in all kinds of operations and might surely be relied upon to
+tie a satisfactory marriage knot. Dr. Stone accordingly left all her
+Christmas engagements, and accompanied by a Chinese pastor and one of her
+nurses, set out, through a heavy snow storm, for the girl's home. When the
+wedding guests were all assembled, Dr. Stone said that she would like to
+say a few words before the ceremony took place, and for an hour and a half
+she told her hearers of the Christian good tidings. The result was that
+when the wedding was over the mother and father of the bride brought their
+idols to her, and allowed their daughter to apply the match to them, for
+both had determined to become Christians. The father said that he wished
+other people to hear the good things Dr. Stone had told them, and would
+give the land for a Christian school. The bridegroom volunteered to do the
+carpenter work which would be necessary before a school could be opened,
+<a name="Page_217" id="Page_217" />and now the young wife is teaching a group of children who have entered
+this new Christian school, and in the new home husband and wife daily unite
+in morning prayers.</p>
+
+<p>After the Revolution was practically over, but conditions were still so
+unsettled as to make it unwise to reopen the hospital, Dr. Stone and
+several of her nurses made a trip to a number of towns in the region around
+Kiukiang. In a recent letter Dr. Stone tells of being given a piece of land
+by the influential people in one of these towns, with the earnest entreaty
+that she leave a nurse there to carry on a permanent medical work. She
+could make them no definite promise, but is hoping that friends in America
+will make it financially possible to support a nurse and dispensary where
+they are so greatly needed.</p>
+
+<p>Truly the Chinese women are blessed in having so perfect an embodiment of
+the ideal woman of the great new China in this unassuming physician, whom a
+friend who has known her from babyhood declares to have the most perfect
+Christian character of any one she knows. After his visit in Kiukiang, Dr.
+Perkins exclaimed: &quot;Such a wonderful woman as Dr. Mary Stone is! I do not
+know of any good quality she does not possess&quot;; and one who has had an
+intimate acquaintance <a name="Page_218" id="Page_218" />with the college women of America says: &quot;What a
+marvel Dr. Stone is! To me she is unexcelled in charm, in singleness of
+purpose, and all-round efficiency, by any other woman I have ever known.&quot;<a name="Page_219" id="Page_219" /></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>
+YU KULIANG
+</h3>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220" /><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221" /></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<a href="images/img15.jpg"><img src="images/img15_th.jpg" width="400" height="637" alt="Yu Kuliang" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>Yu Kuliang</b>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>YU KULIANG</h2>
+
+
+<p>The same year that little Mary Stone first saw the light, on almost the
+same day, in another part of the same city, another little girl was born, a
+member of the same proud old family whose line runs back so many years into
+Chinese antiquity. Unlike Mary Stone, she was not born into a Christian
+home, but it was a home where the parents truly loved each other, and one
+in which she might have spent a very happy childhood, had not the young
+father died while she was still a baby.</p>
+
+<p>The mother, broken-hearted over her husband's death, decided to become a
+Taoist nun and devote the remainder of her life to the search for truth.
+With her baby she shut herself up in a little hut outside of the city,
+seeing no one, and giving her whole time to the care of the child and her
+efforts to find truth. The members of her family, which is one of the
+wealthiest and most aristocratic in Kiukiang, were greatly pleased with
+what they considered an eminently virtuous resolve <a name="Page_222" id="Page_222" />for a young widow to
+make, and applied to the Emperor for his approval of the course she had
+decided to follow. This being heartily given, they built a very comfortable
+home for her on the outskirts of Kiukiang. The building was christened
+Purity Hall, and over its gateway were placed large placards announcing the
+imperial sanction of the life which the young widow had chosen for herself
+and her child.</p>
+
+<p>Here the little girl grew to womanhood, knowing no companionship except
+that of her mother and her teachers. Her mother employed the best possible
+Chinese teachers for her, and she early learned to read the books of the
+three religions of China, that she might join her mother in her pursuit of
+truth. She seldom left the house, and no one but her teachers ever entered
+it, but day after day she pored over the books on Taoism, Buddhism, and
+Confucianism until she had read them all. She, too, became a Taoist nun,
+but continued in the worship and study of Buddhism and Confucianism also,
+determined to find the <i>true</i> religion.</p>
+
+<p>She even surpassed her mother in the ardour of her search for truth, for
+she spent twelve entire years, in periods of three years each, in one room
+of the house, living in the most <a name="Page_223" id="Page_223" />absolute seclusion, not seeing her
+mother, speaking to no one, and hearing no voice, for three years at a
+time. After such a vigil she came out into the rest of the house for a
+year, then went back for another three years of solitude. In one corner of
+this room were the shrine and the altar before which Yu Kuliang knelt hour
+after hour during the years of her long vigil, and the idols, large and
+small, of wood and stone, which were her only companions. She always kept
+three sticks of incense burning before the shrine, one for each religion,
+that she might be sure not to make a mistake. In the ardour of her devotion
+she even made offerings of pieces of her own flesh to the idols. Her whole
+body, even her face, was covered with the ugly round scars caused by this
+self-mutilation.</p>
+
+<p>When Yu Kuliang was a woman of thirty-two she learned that the Stones were
+her cousins, and of her own accord went to call on them. Thereafter the
+doors of &quot;Purity Hall,&quot; so long fast closed to all, were thrown open to the
+Stone family. Yu Kuliang and her cousin Dr. Mary Stone, born at almost the
+same time, living, and having always lived, lives as totally different as
+two lives could be, became fast friends. To Dr. Stone, Yu Kuliang frankly
+confessed that an entire life <a name="Page_224" id="Page_224" />spent in seeking truth had not brought her
+success. She was very willing to listen to all that Dr. Stone had to tell
+her of the truth which she had found, and finally even succeeded in
+summoning up sufficient courage to attend the Sunday morning church
+service. Her years of seclusion had made her so timid, and so afraid of
+mingling among people, however, that the first time she came to the church
+she disguised herself in the garb of a Chinese man. Dr. Stone gave her a
+Bible and she began the study of it at once, with the same earnestness and
+determination to find truth that she had shown in her study of the books of
+the Chinese religion.</p>
+
+<p>After she had once gained courage to attend the church service she came
+frequently, no longer in man's clothes, nor in the coarse, grey cotton
+costume of the Taoist nun, which she discarded soon after knowing Dr.
+Stone, but in the ordinary dress of the Chinese woman. She became a
+frequent visitor to the hospital, too, where she loved to follow Dr. Stone
+from ward to ward, or to sit beside her in the dispensary as she cared for
+the suffering women and children who flocked there daily.</p>
+
+<p>Finally Dr. Stone invited her to come to her for a week's visit, hardly
+daring to hope that <a name="Page_225" id="Page_225" />she would do so; for she had never, since entering
+&quot;Purity Hall&quot; as a baby, spent a night outside of it. But she consented,
+and gladly drank in all that Dr. Stone and the doctor's mother told her of
+the truth which she had so long sought. One day soon after she had gone
+home, when Dr. Stone was calling on her and her mother, the mother drew Dr.
+Stone aside and said, &quot;Since my daughter came back from your house she
+hasn't been upstairs to see the idols once.&quot; After years of ceaseless
+devotion to them, Yu Kuliang had forsaken her idols, and was turning toward
+the living God. Soon afterward, when it was necessary for Dr. Stone to go
+to America for an operation, and for Miss Hughes, who was in charge of the
+Bible Woman's Training School, to accompany her, Yu Kuliang came and asked
+that she might enter the school when Miss Hughes returned from America. But
+when Dr. Stone and Miss Hughes returned to China, they found Yu Kuliang
+suffering from tuberculosis. The long years of self-inflicted imprisonment
+had left her with no vitality to resist, and the disease was making rapid
+progress.</p>
+
+<p>Soon after the doctor's return, Yu Kuliang's mother went away for a visit
+of some days. One afternoon during her absence, when Dr.<a name="Page_226" id="Page_226" /> Stone and Miss
+Hughes were calling on Yu Kuliang, she told them that she was studying the
+Bible, and trying to pray, and added: &quot;I never go near the idols any more.
+They are all upstairs in my old cell.&quot; Dr. Stone at once said: &quot;If you no
+longer believe in the idols, get rid of them. Give them to us.&quot; Yu Kuliang
+assented immediately, saying, &quot;Take them if you want to,&quot; and went upstairs
+with Dr. Stone to get them. They brought down a Buddha and a goddess of
+mercy, which, after a few moments of further talk and prayer, Dr. Stone and
+Miss Hughes took away with them, Yu Kuliang watching them without a murmur.</p>
+
+<p>The next day Dr. Stone and her mother went to see Yu Kuliang again, and
+with her consent and approval chopped to pieces a huge wooden idol, which
+was too large to carry away. When they were wondering what they should do
+with the stump of the body, Yu Kuliang exclaimed, &quot;Throw the horrid thing
+into the ditch!&quot; Thus passed out of her life the idols to which she had
+prayed for hours at a time, before which she had burned numberless sticks
+of incense, beside which she had lived and slept, and which she had made
+her most constant companions all the years of her life. The old temple
+bell, which had for <a name="Page_227" id="Page_227" />years been used to call the gods from sleep, was given
+to Dr. Stone on the same day.</p>
+
+<p>But when Yu Kuliang's mother returned she was furiously angry&mdash;not at the
+daughter to whom she was devoted, but at those who had turned her away from
+her idols. Dr. Stone took the old woman's hands in hers and pleaded with
+her: &quot;You know your daughter does not believe in idols, you know the misery
+of her life, you know how she longs for peace; and as long as you harbour
+the idols in your home, Jesus cannot come into her heart and dwell there.&quot;
+The old woman at once broke out, in the tones of one taking the part of an
+injured friend, &quot;But if your God is such a mighty one, and has the tens of
+thousands of followers you tell us He has, why should He be jealous of our
+poor little idols and those who worship them?&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Stone did not interrupt the tirade which was now poured forth, but
+picked up a piece of wood and a pebble from the floor, and when the old
+woman waited for her to answer, quietly replied to the pebble and bit of
+wood in her hand. Finally the woman said, &quot;Why don't you answer me? You
+have come to see me, and perhaps I have been rude, but you are my relative
+and I want to be friends with you.&quot; Still Dr. Stone did not answer, but
+<a name="Page_228" id="Page_228" />went on talking to the stone and wood, until the old woman lost patience
+and exclaimed, &quot;What nonsense is this!&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Then Dr. Stone put her arm around her and answered, &quot;If you think it is
+nonsense for me to talk to the stone and wood in your house, instead of
+giving you attention, how do you think the Heavenly Father feels,&mdash;the one
+who created you, the one who is your Father&mdash;when you satisfy yourself with
+images of wood and stone instead of giving that love and devotion to Him?&quot;
+Before Dr. Stone left the young women knelt in prayer, but the mother would
+not join them.</p>
+
+<p>Later, with her mother's consent, Yu Kuliang went to the hospital, and
+there spent four of the ten last days of her life, in the companionship of
+her cousin. Dr. Stone gave her every minute that could be spared from her
+hospital duties, telling her of the glad new life which she was soon to
+enter, and praying with her. Many times Yu Kuliang tried to leave the bed
+to kneel with Dr. Stone, but the doctor explained to her that her prayers
+were just as acceptable where she was, and that she was too weak to kneel.
+&quot;Those four days in the hospital with cousin were the happiest in my life,&quot;
+she told her mother when she returned to her home.<a name="Page_229" id="Page_229" /></p>
+
+<p>When she knew that she could not get well she insisted, weak as she was,
+upon being dressed and having her photograph taken, for all the photographs
+which she had had before were in the dress of the Taoist nun, and she
+wanted to have one taken after she had become a Christian.</p>
+
+<p>Just before her death she said to her mother, &quot;Mother, there is nothing in
+this life of ours, nothing! We were all wrong. I'm so glad it is over and
+now I am not at all afraid, for I am going to that beautiful place.&quot; And
+then, her lifelong quest at length crowned with success, she went to behold
+the face of Him who is the Truth.<a name="Page_230" id="Page_230" /><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231" /></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>
+ANNA STONE</h3>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+
+<tr><td align='right'>I.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'><a href="#Page_233">Eager for Education</a></td>
+  </tr>
+
+<tr><td align='right'>II.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'><a href="#Page_244">Among Her Own People</a></td>
+  </tr>
+
+<tr><td align='right'>III.</td>
+    <td align='left' class='smcap'><a href="#Page_254">The Power of an Endless
+      Life</a></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232" /><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233" /></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<a href="images/img16.jpg"><img src="images/img16_th.jpg" width="400" height="665" alt="Anna Stone" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>Anna Stone</b>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>ANNA STONE</h2>
+
+<h3>I</h3>
+
+<h3>EAGER FOR EDUCATION</h3>
+
+
+<p>&quot;God knew where to send girls; He knew who would be good to them,&quot; Mrs.
+Stone assured the neighbours who had come to condole with her on the birth
+of a second daughter, and to remind her that &quot;ten queenly daughters are not
+worth as much as one son with a limp.&quot; Years before, when the baby's
+father, one of the literati, had lost all his property in the Tai Ping
+Rebellion, he had adopted the profession of teaching Chinese to the
+missionaries, as the only dignified means by which one of his rank and
+learning could earn a living. While he taught them Chinese characters, they
+taught him about Christianity, and it was not long before he was in charge
+of a Christian chapel in Kiukiang. So when this little daughter was born,
+she was given the good old Bible name of Anna, and great plans were laid
+for her future. While she was still a tiny baby her mother <a name="Page_234" id="Page_234" />carried her to
+the missionary in charge of the girls' boarding school, one of those to
+whom her father had taught the Chinese language years before, and said to
+her, &quot;As soon as this baby is old enough, I want you to take her and train
+her for Christian work.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>If she was to fulfil her mother's ambition for her Anna must of course
+receive an education, although a girl who could read or write even the
+simplest sentence was then almost unknown in China. But Mrs. Stone knew
+well that the more education Anna had, the more efficient a worker she
+would be. She herself had never been taught at all, and after she had
+become a Christian and was eager to tell other women of the good news which
+she had learned, she had found herself sadly hampered because she could not
+read the Bible. It was not so difficult when her husband was at home to
+read it for her; but while he was away on his preaching tours, she had lost
+many opportunities of teaching Christianity to the women who came to see
+her, because of her inability to read the Book which told of the great new
+truth she had learned. So, busy as she was with her babies and her
+household cares, she determined to learn to read, and asked her husband to
+teach her.</p>
+
+<p>Pastor Stone, however, had still something <a name="Page_235" id="Page_235" />to learn. He did not believe
+that it was possible for the feminine mind, especially that of a woman
+grown, to learn the difficult Chinese characters; and he told his wife
+that, in his opinion, it was not worth while for her to attempt it. If
+Mother Stone was discouraged she did not show it. Every night after the
+rest of the family were asleep she set a candle beside her bed and studied
+characters diligently. Whenever Pastor Stone woke up for a moment, or
+turned over in bed, he would receive a gentle nudge and Mother Stone would
+delightedly exclaim, &quot;Oh, father, won't you please tell me what this
+character is?&quot; He soon decided to teach her in orthodox fashion, and she
+proved to be such an apt pupil that it was not long before she was in
+charge of a little day school for girls.</p>
+
+<p>Anna received much of her early education from her mother, and for a time
+she and her older sister Mary went to school with their brother. Girls at
+school were decidedly a novelty, and the visiting mandarin opened his eyes
+in amazement. &quot;Can <i>girls</i> learn anything?&quot; he demanded of the teacher, who
+was forced to admit that they learned as fast as the boys, and sometimes a
+little faster. When a little older, Anna became a member of the Kiukiang
+Boarding School for girls, <a name="Page_236" id="Page_236" />where she proved to be a diligent and quick
+pupil. During this time her sister Mary went to America to take her medical
+course, and down in her heart Anna cherished a secret hope that when she
+had completed her high school work she, too, might go to that wonderful
+Christian country from which her missionary teachers had come and in which
+her sister was receiving the training which would fit her for such large
+service among her countrywomen. She said very little about this hope to any
+one, but she and her friend I-lien Tang, who was also eager to go to
+America, determined to pray about it, and to study so faithfully that if
+the way should ever open for them to go, they would be ready. Accordingly
+they completed the high school course in Chinese, and studied English and
+Latin in addition.</p>
+
+<p>In 1898 Bishop Joyce, of the Methodist Church, and his wife took a trip to
+the Orient to visit the mission stations. While in Kiukiang they became so
+much interested in the two girls, Anna Stone and I-lien Tang, that they
+offered to take them back to America with them. The autumn of 1898
+therefore found Anna in America, the country of her dreams, and a student
+in Hamline University. She entered into her college work with much
+<a name="Page_237" id="Page_237" />enthusiasm and made excellent progress in it. She was not strong, however,
+and was so far from well at the end of the year that it seemed best for her
+to relinquish her plan of following in her sister's footsteps by taking a
+medical course. She therefore planned to fit herself for some other form of
+service which would involve less physical strain, and left Hamline, after
+having been there only one year. But she left behind her many warm friends
+among the students, some of whom had become Christians as a result of the
+consistent and beautiful Christian life of this young Chinese girl.</p>
+
+<p>The next autumn Anna entered Folts Mission Institute, where arrangements
+were made for her to take the two years' Bible course in three years, in
+the hope that she might thus regain her health. Her teachers testify that
+she was a brilliant student, and that her English was so perfect that one
+who heard her, without seeing her, would never have known that she was a
+foreigner. When one of them once asked her how it was that she had such a
+correct pronunciation, she said that when she was in Kiukiang Boarding
+School she used to watch the lips of the missionaries when they were
+speaking English, in order to see just how the words were formed.</p>
+
+<p>Her use of words, too, was almost as accu<a name="Page_238" id="Page_238" />rate as her enunciation of them,
+although occasionally the intricacies of the English language proved
+somewhat mystifying. For example, when she was at her doctor's office one
+day he asked if he had given her any medicine when she was there before.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;No, doctor, you gave me a proscription,&quot; she answered. The doctor's smile
+showed her that she had made a mistake, and as soon as they were outside
+she asked the teacher who was with her what she ought to have said.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;<i>Pre</i>scription, <i>pre</i>scription,&quot; she repeated. &quot;I must remember that. What
+was it we had in church last Sunday? Was that a prescription or a
+proscription?&quot;</p>
+
+<p>&quot;That was a subscription,&quot; the teacher told her.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Oh, yes, a subscription. But what did you call the writing on the stones
+in the graveyard? Was that a prescription or a subscription?&quot;</p>
+
+<p>&quot;That was an inscription,&quot; was the answer, and perhaps it is small wonder
+that Anna exclaimed in despair, &quot;Oh, this terrible English! Can I ever get
+it!&quot;</p>
+
+<p>On the whole, however, she was very much at home with the English language.
+One morning as she was going down to breakfast some one asked, &quot;How is our
+little China girl <a name="Page_239" id="Page_239" />this morning?&quot; &quot;Neither cracked nor broken!&quot; was her
+instant response.</p>
+
+<p>During all her stay in America she was in great demand as a speaker, and
+did as much of this work as her health permitted, always giving her message
+in English, and everywhere winning friends for herself and her loved
+people. &quot;Those who have watched her as she held the attention of large
+audiences with the simple story of her own people, will not soon forget the
+modest, unassuming girl who touched their lives for a brief hour,&quot; says one
+who heard her often.</p>
+
+<p>When she entered Folts Institute it was thought that it would be a good
+thing for her to take vocal lessons to strengthen her throat and lungs.
+This training was given simply for the sake of her health, and with no
+expectation that she would ever sing in public, but it soon became evident
+that she had musical ability of no small degree. Her voice was very sweet,
+and had such a power to capture the hearts of her hearers that she was
+given the title of the &quot;Sweet Singer,&quot; and was in great demand for meetings
+large and small. The whole energy of her life was so given to her Master
+that this newly discovered gift was at once consecrated wholly to His
+service. &quot;You may think me narrow,&quot; she said earnestly, when <a name="Page_240" id="Page_240" />her teacher
+proposed that she should study some nature songs, &quot;but I feel that I must
+be the girl of one song.&quot; And into the one song, the Christian hymn, she
+put her whole soul, as any who heard her sing, &quot;I love to tell the story,&quot;
+&quot;Faith of our fathers,&quot; or the one that she perhaps sang most often, &quot;Saved
+by Grace,&quot; will testify.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;I can hear her still as she sang 'Saved by Grace' to the large audience of
+the General Executive in 1902,&quot; wrote one, several years later. &quot;She put
+such fulness of meaning and power into this simple song. It was a part of
+her own experience.&quot; Another said, &quot;I heard her sing 'I love to tell the
+story' to an audience of over five hundred college girls at the student
+conference of the Young Women's Christian Association at Silver Bay, and
+the effect was wonderful.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>It had been the thought of the principal of Folts Institute that the cost
+of Anna's musical education should be defrayed by gifts from friends who
+were interested in her and her work. But after one spring vacation, when
+Anna had been addressing several meetings and had been given quite a little
+money, she went to the principal's office and turned over the entire amount
+which she had received. &quot;But this is twice as much as your lessons <a name="Page_241" id="Page_241" />for the
+year will cost, Anna,&quot; the principal told her, and started to hand back
+half of it. But Anna would not take it, and insisted that it be used to pay
+for the piano lessons of another Chinese student at the Institute. &quot;I don't
+want &mdash;&mdash; to get into debt,&quot; she said.</p>
+
+<p>While studying at Folts Institute Anna's first great sorrow came to her in
+the death of her father. They had always been comrades, and she had often
+accompanied him on his preaching tours into the country. It was on one of
+these tours, made during the time of the Boxer uprising, that Pastor Stone
+received the injuries at the hands of a mob which were probably the cause
+of his death. The news was a great blow to Anna, but she bore it quietly
+and bravely, and when a few days later it was her turn to lead the
+students' prayer meeting, she chose &quot;Heaven&quot; for her topic. &quot;Before I came
+to your country, I used to think it was heaven,&quot; she said; &quot;but now I am so
+glad it isn't, for then they might try to keep father out, and now I know
+he is inside.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>She completed her course at Folts Institute in 1902, and as she seemed in
+good health, entered Central Wesleyan College for further training. But her
+zeal for her work always led her to overestimate her own strength, and <a name="Page_242" id="Page_242" />her
+patience in suffering and desire not to cause any one any trouble, made it
+hard for others to know the true state of her health. One of her teachers
+at Folts says that Anna would often be ill for days before any one would
+have any knowledge of it, so uncomplaining was she. This teacher tells how
+at one time, when Anna finally had to give up, the tears rolled down the
+cheeks of the girl who bore pain so bravely that it was unsuspected even by
+those who were watching her carefully, at the thought that the friend to
+whom she gave both the century-old reverence of the Chinese for a teacher
+and the warm love of her grateful heart, should have to minister to her
+needs. It was found, after she had been at the Central Wesleyan College for
+a few months, that courageous as she was, her strength was not sufficient
+to enable her to go on with her studies.</p>
+
+<p>She spent the rest of the year in Minneapolis in the home of her good
+friends, Bishop and Mrs. Joyce. She was never content to be idle, and after
+a few months of rest she gave several addresses in the churches of
+Minnesota and North Dakota, awakening interest in the cause she represented
+wherever she went. She so won the hearts of the young people that when she
+went back to China it <a name="Page_243" id="Page_243" />was as the representative of the young women who
+formed the Standard Bearer Society of the Minneapolis branch of the Woman's
+Foreign Missionary Society.</p>
+
+<p>In the summer of 1903 a specialist pronounced her to be suffering from
+tuberculosis, and the next winter was spent in southern California in the
+hope that in that favourable climate she might be cured. Even here her
+eagerness to serve her people led her to do as much speaking as her
+physician would permit. But she was anxious to get to the work for which
+these years of preparation had been spent, and with hopeful and eager
+expectation she sailed for China on the S.S. <i>Siberia</i>, June 11, 1904.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244" />II</h3>
+
+<h3>AMONG HER OWN PEOPLE</h3>
+
+
+<p>On her return to her own country, Anna began her work with great
+enthusiasm. The spirit with which she entered into it is shown in her
+report of the first year's work: &quot;After six years of special preparation,
+for which I feel greatly indebted to my Master, it is a happy privilege to
+do what may be in my power to show Him my gratitude. The blessings I
+received from the hands of those who gave cheerfully for His sake, I will
+endeavour to pass on to others. During those years of absorption in study
+there were times when I was anxious for others to share with me the joy
+which comes from the Christian faith, but the real opportunity did not
+appear until last July when I returned to my home land. With gladness and
+thanksgiving I entered into the work already well and carefully organized
+by my senior missionaries.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The evangelistic work for women, of which she was put in charge, offered a
+large and varied field for service. &quot;The success which <a name="Page_245" id="Page_245" />my sister has had
+in her profession gives me easy access to many classes of our people,&quot; she
+reported soon after her return. Among the hospital and dispensary patients
+she found one of her greatest opportunities. She was not only able to reach
+those who came for treatment, but through them she had access to their
+homes, and spent a large part of her time in visiting among them and in
+entertaining guests in her own home. &quot;Many know of the hospital and of the
+lady physician, and come to see the work, and daily we cordially welcome
+such guests into our home,&quot; a letter reads. &quot;There are times when I walk
+with my sister on the street, and the ladies call the doctor in. Thus I
+gain access to friendly homes.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>She was untiring in her efforts to fit herself to make use of every
+opportunity which presented itself, never regarding her preparation for
+service as completed, but always eager to learn any new thing which would
+help her. A letter written soon after beginning her work tells of one of
+the means by which she sought to increase her usefulness: &quot;I think it is
+imperative for me to study something more of the Chinese classics. The
+little knowledge I have, God has helped me to use for His glory, and a
+knowledge of the classical sayings will <a name="Page_246" id="Page_246" />enable me at least to approach the
+educated classes on a common ground, and to induce them to see that which
+they know not, from that which they do know.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>During her first year of work she had four Bible women associated with her
+who went out with her daily, conducting meetings for women in the two
+chapels which were under her direction, visiting in the homes, or talking
+to patients in the dispensary waiting room. One of her early letters reads:
+&quot;I felt that these Bible women needed special hours for prayer and Bible
+study, in order to give out the Bread of Life to others. So arrangements
+were made to have at least two hours of study every Monday morning, and we
+have prayer together before planning to carry out the Lord's will in the
+week's work.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>In addition to this work she was given oversight of the two day schools for
+girls in Kiukiang. Of them she reported: &quot;The teachers are trying to do
+their best, but many times I have wished that we could secure better
+educated women and have our day school standard advanced. The girls who can
+afford to go to school don't care to study the old Chinese books which
+these women are prepared to teach, so the better classes are not being
+touched by the Christian teachers. <a name="Page_247" id="Page_247" />Those who have nothing special for the
+girls to do let them go to while away the time; then when tea picking time
+comes they leave the school. All can see that such work cannot be of any
+great value.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Conditions of this sort were discouraging indeed, but she met the situation
+with characteristic courage, and added to her other duties the task of
+teaching a little music and English in these schools. The introduction of
+these subjects proved to be very successful in reviving the pupils'
+flagging interest. &quot;The girls are more interested just now,&quot; a letter says,
+&quot;because they have once a week a lesson in singing; formerly it was given
+on Saturday in our home, but experience soon taught me that this was an
+impossibility on account of the continuous callers and disturbances. I go
+now to each school once a week and teach them there. They also have a
+lesson in English during the week. It seems so strange to me that all
+people, old and young, male and female, are seeking a knowledge of
+English.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>She was quick to see, however, that the only permanently successful
+solution of the day school problem was in well-trained teachers. Her great
+desire was for &quot;the day when day school teachers should be better qualified
+for their work, that they might draw pupils to <a name="Page_248" id="Page_248" />school by their own
+knowledge.&quot; In the meantime she did all she could to add to the efficiency
+of the teachers she had. One of her letters tells of her efforts to help
+one of her discouraged assistants: &quot;One of the teachers is very anxious and
+feels that she cannot teach the school. She spoke to me several times of
+her inability to keep the pupils' attention because of her own lack of
+knowledge. As we have no trained teachers to take her place I cannot spare
+her. Though she has not a good head she has a good Christian heart, so for
+the good of the school I have to keep her and give her a few lessons each
+week. It is doing her good and helping her to teach better.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Again she reported the following year, &quot;A special effort was made to throw
+away the old, parrot-like way of learning. As the teachers needed
+instruction as well as the pupils, sometimes, the text-books were taken
+away. The teachers were required to tell a story every day; and with the
+story a verse of the Scriptures, meant for a peg on which to hang the tale,
+was committed to memory by the girls. The teacher would write six easy
+characters each afternoon on the blackboard for the girls to copy before
+going home. Thus the girls learned how to listen, to memorize, <a name="Page_249" id="Page_249" />and to
+write. Since the number of girls increases perceptibly when we have a
+little English I use it as a bait. By Miss Merrill's consent, help was
+secured from the boarding-school in teaching half an hour of English every
+day in the two city schools.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>In December of 1904, at the annual meeting of the Central China Methodist
+Mission, Miss Stone was given the entire charge of the Bible Women's
+Training School. A letter to a friend shows the keen delight with which she
+entered upon this new work: &quot;I am enjoying the work very much,&quot; she wrote.
+&quot;It seems so strange to me that these women are like my old friends. They
+are free and at home with me, and I can say already that I love them.... I
+wish you could be here just to look at them and see how willing they are to
+be taught.&quot; It was her desire to live in the school that she might share
+the life of the women outside of class hours, but after a few days' trial
+this proved too wearing, and the doctor insisted upon her giving it up,
+greatly to her own disappointment and that of the women.</p>
+
+<p>She was very eager that these women, all of whom were from families of
+small means, and were supported by scholarships while at the school, should
+do something towards meet<a name="Page_250" id="Page_250" />ing at least a part of their expenses. A few
+months after she had taken charge of the work she joyfully wrote Mrs.
+Joyce:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;An industrial department is actually started, and we have found it
+    helpful to a great many. We are not attempting fancy things, but we
+    strive to make useful articles and things that we use ourselves, or
+    for sale. So far we have made only babies' shoes, which we sold to
+    foreigners living at Kuling, and some hemstitched handkerchiefs,
+    and some plain knitting. Each one of them is given fifty cash a
+    month for spending money, and it will leave a good balance for the
+    school. They work from three to five <span class='smcap'>P.M.</span>, so their studies are not
+    neglected thereby. This work means also a livelihood to a poor old
+    lady.... She was in the hospital for over three years, living on
+    the charity money the doctor earned. I felt that she could be more
+    useful and happy by teaching sewing, since she is a beautiful
+    needle worker, so the school boards her and gets her teaching for
+    the women. I have been quite happy in this work, because I feel the
+    women are learning self-respect and to look upon manual labour as
+    something honourable. I have a chance to tell them about the
+    American ideas, how American people despise begging but would work
+    with pride in any position, for an honest living.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>In the growth of the women she found her greatest joy. &quot;The women are
+learning,&quot; she <a name="Page_251" id="Page_251" />said in the same letter, &quot;and I feel that God is making
+them zealous for the souls of others. I watch anxiously for improvements in
+their characters and two or three of them give me secret pleasure by their
+signs of unselfishness and spiritual growth.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Another letter to Mrs. Joyce tells of the way in which the members of the
+Training School were given practical work in connection with their studies:
+&quot;Every day I call upon the farther advanced pupils to work. Two go out with
+the girls to teach in the two day schools of the city, the other two take
+charge of the industrial work. So every afternoon they have two hours of
+work to do. On Sunday I send them to the two chapels in the morning and I
+go with the first two one week and with the other two the next week. On
+every Tuesday I send out all women except three, at three o'clock, to
+invite our neighbours to our class-meeting. The three who stay at home are
+to entertain those who come. Every Tuesday we get from twenty to forty
+outsiders to listen to the gospel. Yesterday afternoon several pupils told
+the guests how they learned to know the loving Father.&quot; One of her former
+teachers at Folts Institute, who visited her at this time, wrote that she
+knew not which to admire more, &quot;the whole-<a name="Page_252" id="Page_252" />souled devotion of the teacher,
+or that of the women students.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Miss Stone's health did not permit her to do as much itinerant work as she
+desired, but in the summer of 1905, during the vacation of the Bible
+Women's Training School, she made a trip of some weeks, visiting every
+station in the district. Itinerating in China is a process worthy of its
+name, as all bedding, food, and housekeeping materials must be carried
+along. But Anna was feeling well, and the very day after the work of the
+Training School closed she and her mother set out. At every city she
+reported that they &quot;had a very good opportunity to work among the women,&quot;
+or that &quot;many women showed a great interest in listening.&quot; Her father had
+been the first Christian preacher at one place which they visited, and had
+worked there for many years; another city was that in which the Stone's old
+family homestead was located, so she and her mother were sure of a welcome.
+&quot;We had hardly any time to ourselves,&quot; she wrote. &quot;So many people came to
+see us, and mistook me for my sister. Mother welcomed all callers and
+talked with them most of the time. Among these there were people from the
+opposite village who came over to <a name="Page_253" id="Page_253" />destroy our house in 1900. I think they
+are quite ashamed of the act now.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Busy as she was, meeting and talking to the people who everywhere came to
+greet her and her mother, Anna's mind was not so wholly occupied with the
+present that she was oblivious to the future. On her return she made
+several valuable suggestions for the development of the work in the various
+places, such as that the chapel in one city be moved to a more central
+location, that a vacant piece of property belonging to the mission would be
+an excellent site for a day school for girls, etc. &quot;There ought to be a
+school in Whang Mai as a centre for women to work in,&quot; her report reads.
+&quot;There are many women in that city who are friendly to the church.... When
+my parents were there there were quite a few women as members of the
+church, but now they don't come to church, because there is no woman to
+talk to them.&quot; She summed up the impressions of her trip in the words, &quot;The
+trip opened my eyes to the fact that the harvest is 'truly plenteous' and
+the labourers are sadly few.&quot; At the same time her faith added, &quot;But I am
+so glad to know that my Master is before us who are few in number.&quot;</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h3><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254" />III</h3>
+
+<h3>THE POWER OF AN ENDLESS LIFE</h3>
+
+
+<p>It is not surprising that with all her interests Anna Stone longed to live
+and make use of the unusual opportunities which she had received. &quot;If God
+is willing I hope to work many years yet for Him,&quot; she wrote Mrs. Joyce
+after she had been back in China a few months; and at the end of her second
+year's work she said: &quot;There are many things for which I am very thankful
+in the past year, but perhaps the greatest was the joy in knowing that my
+Heavenly Father has really allowed me a share of work.... I don't remember
+that there were many days of work neglected because of ill health.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>It was indeed remarkable that she was able to do as much as she did. One
+who saw her in her work writes of the untiring enthusiasm and activity with
+which she gave herself to it: &quot;Her work was her very life. She talked to me
+of her plans for the woman's school, and of her great desire to see a
+revival here in the schools. I am sure you know of her work <a name="Page_255" id="Page_255" />last summer
+when the missionaries were all away&mdash;how, feeling that it was a mistake
+that the native Christians should be without the helps of divine worship
+and the weekly prayer meeting, she, with her sister's help, opened the
+church and held services all through the hot summer, <i>doing the preaching
+herself</i> and thus holding the people together. I never met any one at home
+or here whose whole soul was more on fire with a burning desire to win
+souls than was Anna Stone's, and I have met a large number of prominent
+workers in my work at home. She undoubtedly realized that her time was very
+short and she must work all the time while she had strength. Her work was
+not only in the school ... but she was at work in the day schools and
+boarding schools, in the church, in the league, in the visitation, in the
+hospital&mdash;everywhere where her life was able to touch others; and one felt
+the influence of the Holy Spirit whenever in merest conversation with the
+girl. That happy smile and merry laugh that so won the hearts of the people
+at home were bestowed upon every one here, and I do not wonder she was able
+to reach hearts where others failed.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Her enthusiasm for her work doubtless made it hard not only for her to
+measure her own strength, but also for others to estimate <a name="Page_256" id="Page_256" />it. But toward
+the close of the summer of 1905 it became evident to all, even to herself,
+that she had been overtaxing herself and must lighten her work. &quot;Sister
+makes me take beef juice, milk, and bread and butter,&quot; she said in a letter
+to Mrs. Joyce. &quot;Everybody tells me I am thin, but I am doing my best to get
+fat. Every afternoon I devote all the time to get well. I sleep after
+dinner, then go out riding for fresh air, so you see your little girl does
+live high and extravagantly.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>During this summer she received news of the serious illness of her friend
+and foster-father, Bishop Joyce. This was a great source of anxiety and
+sorrow to her. &quot;How I wish I had means to go right to his dear presence to
+tell him how I revere and love him for what he has done for me, and for
+what he is to the world,&quot; she wrote his wife. &quot;I envy I-lien's privilege of
+being there. It must be a great comfort to be able to put one's heart-full
+of love and sympathy into little services that he may need at this time.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The death of this true friend was a great grief to her, both on her own
+account and because of the sorrow it brought to the family which she so
+loved. &quot;I loved Bishop as I did my own father,&quot; she said in a letter to
+Mrs. Joyce. &quot;Now I rejoice for both of them be<a name="Page_257" id="Page_257" />cause they have heard the
+Master's 'Well done, good and faithful servant.'&quot; Then she added, &quot;I will
+ask him to ask the Master to let me work a little longer on earth. Of
+course if he sees the reason why I shouldn't he will not do it.&quot;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 635px;">
+<a href="images/img17.jpg"><img src="images/img17_th.jpg" width="635" height="400" alt="The Anna Stone Memorial" title="Larger image available" />
+</a><b>The Anna Stone Memorial</b>
+</div>
+
+<p>For a time it seemed as if her desire were to be granted, for when autumn
+came she was able to open the Women's School at the usual time, and to
+teach in it each morning. By keeping the afternoons free for rest she
+gained so much that she could write: &quot;I feel very grateful for my health. I
+am up every day for my work. It is a busy life, but a very happy one.&quot; Dr.
+Stone had decided in the autumn that unless Anna gained a great deal within
+the next few weeks she would send her to the mountains for the winter, in
+the hope that the dry air would help her. But, as she said, &quot;Anna hates to
+hear us talk about it because she does not want to leave her pet work.&quot; And
+Anna soon seemed so much stronger that the doctor did not insist on her
+going.</p>
+
+<p>Anna wrote happily of the Christmas exercises in the school. &quot;The women for
+the first time attempted to have a public programme for the happy season.
+They had a dialogue, three new songs, and acted out shepherds in the <a name="Page_258" id="Page_258" />night
+watch and Herod in his trouble. Then they had a tree on which were little
+fancy trinkets which the women made for their friends. They had a joyous
+time because they worked for it.&quot; She carried the work until the Chinese
+New Year vacation, which began about the middle of January, and then
+dismissed the school for the vacation period, full of hopes and plans for
+the new term, for which she felt that the month's rest would prepare her.
+Special services were held in the church during the New Year vacation and
+Anna saved her strength that she might sing at the evening meetings. She
+herself led the closing service. One who was there says, &quot;The native church
+will not quickly forget her clear and beautiful testimonies.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>But her strength was not equal even to these tasks. Early in February she
+had a severe hemorrhage from her lungs, from which it seemed as if she
+could not rally. She felt this herself and said to Dr. Stone, with a brave
+smile, &quot;Sister, I am going. This is in answer to prayer, for I do not want
+to linger on and endanger all of your lives.&quot; This attack was followed by
+pleurisy, and for ten days of severe suffering her life hung by a very
+slender thread. A fellow-worker wrote at this time: &quot;She is bright and
+happy, although fully <a name="Page_259" id="Page_259" />expecting to go. She has been so enthusiastic in her
+work, and always so cheerful, that she has often gone beyond her strength.
+I think that she has been failing more than we who daily watch her have
+realized. We feel that we cannot let her go, but it is not for us to say.
+Since she would rather go to God than stay and not be able to carry on her
+work, we can only pray 'The will of God be done.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Once more, however, she showed the elasticity which had made it so hard for
+her friends to realize the true state of her health, and for a few weeks
+seemed to improve. As life returned she began to hope that she might again
+be able to take up her work, and for a time the eagerness to work was so
+strong that she dreaded the thought of death. As the days passed and
+strength did not come, she was troubled to understand why, when the need
+was so great and the workers so few, she who so longed to work, should not
+be permitted to do so. She said to Dr. Stone one day: &quot;Sister, I have just
+prepared myself to work, so much has been spent on me that I want to live
+at least fifteen years to pass on some of my blessings to others. I am so
+young, and our home life has been just beautiful. I am not anxious to give
+it up so soon. I have great hopes of the Training School. I love the
+<a name="Page_260" id="Page_260" />women. I want to take a whole class through a course of training and then
+leave them with my work. I want to see them well established in their work,
+and a new school building put up well worthy of the name. Above all I want
+to see our native church thoroughly roused by the Holy Spirit, and a
+self-supporting church started.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>One of the missionaries wrote afterward: &quot;I wish you might have known what
+a comfort Dr. Stone was to her through all those dark hours, carrying her
+own burden constantly in her heart and yet bravely helping Anna to bear
+hers. And Anna on her side was just as brave, for she suffered intense pain
+through her illness, but constantly fought down every expression of it.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Anna's lifelong love for the will of God was so strong that she could not
+fail to love it to the end, and the struggle was soon succeeded by complete
+victory and peace. Her sister wrote Mrs. Joyce after she had gone: &quot;She did
+not know why, when so much had been done for her and she was so willing to
+do any service unto the Lord, she should not be spared, and given a healthy
+body for the work that seemed to be so much in need of workers. But she
+said she was willing to go if it was the Lord's will, and she wanted people
+<a name="Page_261" id="Page_261" />to know that she loved to obey God mare than she desired her own life....
+She said she was perfectly willing to go, only she had wanted to work a
+little longer.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Her brief struggle passed, her thought was all for others. She often spoke
+of the women for whom she had been working, and begged her sister to look
+after them and keep them from going back to the old ways; and in delirium
+she pleaded with one and another of them. She sent messages of love to
+those who were not with her, some of them being on the other side of the
+ocean, and sought to lighten the grief of those around her who so longed to
+keep her with them. &quot;Do not grieve for me,&quot; she comforted her sister.
+&quot;Think of me as you used to think of me when I was in America, only I shall
+be in a more beautiful place.&quot; Three days before her death she gave
+explicit directions about her funeral, wishing that everything in the
+Chinese funeral rites which savoured at all of non-Christian religions
+might be eliminated, that in her death, as in her life, she might witness
+clearly and unmistakably to her loyalty to Christ.</p>
+
+<p>When the last call finally came, on the sixteenth of March, it found her
+ready and glad to respond. She told her sister that she had heard the
+beautiful music and seen the <a name="Page_262" id="Page_262" />great light and wanted to go. &quot;That evening,&quot;
+reads a letter from one of her co-workers, &quot;we missionaries all gathered in
+the reception hall of their little house, together with her relatives and
+more intimate friends. It was one of the most touching scenes I have ever
+witnessed, for we were all drawn together by the bond of grief over the
+loss of one we loved.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Although, in accordance with Anna's wishes, her funeral was conducted with
+the utmost simplicity, the funeral procession caused universal comment. One
+of the missionaries describes the scene: &quot;As the procession of almost forty
+chairs passed down the street all stopped to watch it pass, and despite the
+unrest due to the recent riots at Nanchang, we heard nothing but kindly
+remarks. The fact that foreigners were following one of their own people to
+the grave, paying the Chinese girl the honour they would have shown to a
+great man among themselves, seemed to impress the Chinese in a peculiar
+way.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Another writes: &quot;During the day the neighbours, Christian and non-Christian
+alike, came to pay their respects.... A very large company of people
+attended the funeral, including a number of missionaries of other
+denominations. There was a procession of <a name="Page_263" id="Page_263" />forty sedan chairs to the
+Christian cemetery, which is about two miles beyond the East Gate. For the
+half mile from the home to the city gate both sides of the street were
+lined with people, who stood quietly and respectfully while we passed. The
+absence of the numerous heathen symbols, and of any cover for the casket
+save the floral tributes, was observed; and the fact that even the
+foreigners had their chairs draped with white, 'just like us Chinese,' was
+also noted. An English gentleman from the foreign concession, who was to
+pay a call on the captain of one of the war vessels the next morning, said,
+'I shall tell him that I have witnessed a procession to-day which will do
+more to bring peace and harmony between the Chinese and foreigners than all
+the war vessels will do.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Measured by years, Anna Stone's life was short. Measured by the time which
+she was enabled to give to her work after her return to China, her service
+was brief. Almost all her life had been given to preparation for service,
+and it may seem as if she had hardly begun her life work when she was
+bidden to lay it down for the richer service of another life. But if to be
+is more than to do, and if Anna Stone's life be measured by what it was,
+rather than by achievements which could be <a name="Page_264" id="Page_264" />recorded, we must count her
+years of service to have been many. Through all the years of preparation
+for her work she was, in fact, serving in the truest sense, through what
+she was. Bishop Joyce often said that her presence in the home was a
+benediction. One who had close contact with her work pays the following
+tribute:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;Hers was a rare character. So simple, unaffected, and tender and
+    yet withal so strong. Like the blameless knight of old, 'her
+    strength was as the strength of ten because her heart was pure.'
+    Gifted with a winsome personality, and a voice of great sweetness,
+    she literally sang her way into the hearts of all who heard her,
+    while the illumination of her life 'hid with Christ in God'
+    particularly impressed those who saw in her a product of the
+    missionary enterprise of our church. All who came within the
+    influence of her radiant presence were the better for it.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>Her life was an inspiration to people in Christian America. She once said
+while here: &quot;Since coming to America the greatest wonder to me has been how
+any one can live in this country and yet not be a Christian. If I had not
+given myself to God it would be the first thing I would do. But thank God
+He has <i>me</i> off His mind. I am His child and I will love and serve Him all
+my days.&quot; One <a name="Page_265" id="Page_265" />woman who heard her sing asked, &quot;Why do you let her go back?
+We need her right here to help us. I never felt so near Christ as when I
+heard this Chinese girl sing, 'And I shall see Him face to face,' for the
+light of her vision shone from her eyes. I knew that she saw what she was
+singing about.&quot; Another wrote, when the news of her death came, &quot;Of Anna
+Stone it can truthfully be said, 'None knew her but to love her.'...
+Wherever she mingled with people she drew them not only to herself, but to
+Christ. Eternity alone will reveal the many souls won to a Christian life
+through her influence.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>At the annual meeting of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, held a few
+months after Anna Stone's death, the following resolution was unanimously
+adopted: &quot;Resolved: That in memory of our dear Chinese girl, Anna Stone, we
+recall to your thought these words, applied to her by one who knew her
+well:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span>'And half we deemed she needed not<br /></span>
+<span>The changing of her sphere<br /></span>
+<span>To give to heaven a shining one<br /></span>
+<span>Who walked an angel here.'&quot;<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Her life was a blessing to people in her own great country. Her sister
+wrote: &quot;I am so <a name="Page_266" id="Page_266" />thankful that she returned and spent about two years
+working for our own people. When I saw how much she was loved by the women
+and girls here I knew her short time with us had not been spent in vain.&quot; A
+letter from another Kiukiang worker says: &quot;We felt when Miss Stone was
+taken from the Women's School that indeed its light and glory had departed.
+Her influence and life among the women will never be forgotten. Her
+gentleness, sweetness of spirit, and unselfishness, won a place in our
+hearts, and made us feel that we had caught a glimpse of the Master. Among
+her fellow-workers and her own people, she was universally beloved.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Miss Hughes, who was later appointed to take up the work which Anna had
+laid down, wrote in a letter to Mrs. Joyce: &quot;I don't think any one will
+ever be able to tell you what a vacancy there is in Kiukiang since that
+little girl was taken from us. I was not in China any length of time before
+I, personally, realized something of the influence of her life. Her spirit
+of beautiful, consecrated young womanhood that so impressed every one at
+home seemed intensified when I saw her in the fall upon my arrival.&quot; Miss
+Hughes went on to tell of an incident which revealed what was doubtless one
+of the great sources of the power <a name="Page_267" id="Page_267" />of the life that was so short in years.
+She says:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&quot;I think nothing that I have heard of Anna Stone's life speaks more
+    clearly of the depth of real self-abnegation,&mdash;perfect obliteration
+    of self, in fact&mdash;and the secret of her power in winning souls
+    where others failed to win, than this story I am now to tell you.
+    Several years ago, before Anna returned home from America, an old
+    woman about sixty-four years of age, was engaged to do sewing for
+    Dr. Stone from time to time. The woman was a widow with one son,
+    who was an opium fiend in every sense of the word. He was unable to
+    work, and deprived his mother of all the comforts, and often of the
+    necessities of life, that he might buy opium.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;One day the old woman was taken ill, and while ill, her son
+    carried off the only clothes the old mother had (she slept with her
+    clothes spread on top of the bed-clothes as you know is the custom
+    in China), and sold them for the miserable drug. The mother
+    appealed to Dr. Stone, who took her, in her helpless, sick
+    condition, into the hospital. As she grew well, she stayed on,
+    doing such sewing as she could for her board, and in the hospital
+    she heard for the first time of the 'Jesus doctrine.' Her hungry
+    heart opened to the truth and she wanted to learn to read the
+    Bible.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;One day, however, she came to the doctor and asked her if she
+    thought if they prayed to God, He would save her son from his
+    <a name="Page_268" id="Page_268" />dreadful life. The doctor talked with her and found that the old
+    woman was full of faith that it could be done. So they prayed about
+    it, and a little while after, Dr. Stone gave the old woman money to
+    take her son to the hospital for men in the city here and have the
+    habit broken off. But the mother, instead of giving the man into
+    the care of the authorities, and paying for his treatment herself,
+    gave the money to the man, and he used it all in opium, being in a
+    worse condition than ever.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;Some time later, due to the lack of funds, the hospital had to be
+    closed for some time, but when it was reopened, the old mother
+    pleaded that the son should be taken on as a coolie to work for his
+    keep, and thus be out of temptation's way. He had been supplied
+    again with money and put into the hospital, from which he came out
+    apparently cured, but fell again. The plan for him to come to the
+    hospital seemed to the doctor a rather dangerous one, for the man
+    was a positive good-for-nothing. But in the meantime Anna had
+    returned from America, and was, with her sister, willing to try
+    him; for it seemed his last chance, and the mother had begged so
+    hard for him. So he came to the hospital&mdash;a poor wretch, indeed,
+    weak as a little child from the awful life he had lived.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;All opium was out of his reach here, and in a few days the absence
+    of it showed by dreadful swelling of the limbs. He could not carry
+    the smallest weight without great ex<a name="Page_269" id="Page_269" />ertion, and the case seemed
+    almost hopeless. But he gradually was broken from the use of the
+    drug and was able to work about the place. Anna was using a sedan
+    chair for her itinerating work, but she was so light that the
+    coolies jolted her a great deal and hurt her; so she got her
+    'ricksha, and chose this poor wretch of a fellow, as her personal
+    body-servant. When she went out on her evangelistic work, she had
+    her mother with her, as you know, and this coolie went along
+    drawing the 'ricksha. He became very devoted to her, and very
+    carefully cared for her. When she had her meals with her mother,
+    she had this coolie eat with her, lest he go off and get hold of
+    opium. He is a very weak, easily led fellow, as you will have
+    judged, and Anna felt his one safety was in keeping with them all
+    the time. Little by little, the fellow straightened up and became
+    stronger and able to do a respectable amount of work.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;Meantime Anna was teaching him, as she had opportunity, about
+    Christ. Finally last New Year's Eve, at the watch-night service led
+    by Anna herself, among those who openly took their stand for
+    Christ, was this poor fellow. As far as we know he has led a
+    straight life ever since. He is still working about the hospital
+    and there is no sign of the old dissipation. When Anna left us a
+    few weeks ago, the man's grief was great, and it was this old
+    'body-guard' who sat up all night the one night after the coffin
+    was sealed and remained in the house. The old mother <a name="Page_270" id="Page_270" />at
+    sixty-seven years of age has learned to read the Bible and is a
+    very earnest Christian.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>    &quot;I wish I could tell you how it impressed me as Dr. Stone told of
+    the efforts of Anna to win that poor wretch of a fellow to Christ.
+    There wasn't a thing attractive about him, in fact, just the
+    opposite; but she saw that there was a soul there to save, and with
+    no apparent thought of herself, no shrinking from a man of his
+    type, she, with the true spirit of the Lord she so closely
+    followed, bent every effort to save him from the thing that had
+    cursed his own and his mother's life. I think I have never heard
+    anything more beautiful than this story of Anna, who with all the
+    delicacy of her nature, her pure, sweet womanhood, her love of the
+    refined that always marked her, and her keen sensitiveness to the
+    niceties of life, laid all, as a sacrifice to her Lord, in the
+    background, and had at the same board with herself and her mother,
+    that miserable man, thus helping him to fight the enemy of his soul
+    and body.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>Her Master's work was indeed everything, and self was nothing to Anna
+Stone. She once said in a letter to Mrs. Joyce, &quot;It has been a grief to my
+heart not to have seen more people who have means to support themselves
+come out to work for China. I am hoping to find some means by which to
+support myself without getting pay from the society, to let others know
+that I am not work<a name="Page_271" id="Page_271" />ing for money, but for the love of God which is in my
+heart.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The influence of this young Chinese girl is but another witness to &quot;the
+power of an endless life.&quot; She lives to-day in those whom she has inspired,
+and who seek to be as true as she.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
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+Project Gutenberg's Notable Women Of Modern China, by Margaret E. Burton
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notable Women Of Modern China
+
+Author: Margaret E. Burton
+
+Release Date: December 28, 2004 [EBook #14492]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTABLE WOMEN OF MODERN CHINA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Michelle Croyle, Elaine Walker and the PG Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Notable Women of Modern China
+
+BY MARGARET E. BURTON
+
+
+_Notable Women of Modern China_
+
+Illustrated, 12mo, cloth. Net $1.25
+
+The author's earlier work on the general subject of Women's Education in
+China, indicates her ability to treat with peculiar interest and
+discernment the characters making up this volume of striking biographies.
+If these women are types to be followed by a great company of like
+aspirations the future of a nation is assured.
+
+
+_The Education of Women in China_
+
+Illustrated, 12mo, cloth. Net $1.25
+
+"Thrilling is a strong word, but not too strong to be used in connection
+with _The Education of Women in China_. To many it will prove a revealing
+book and doubtless to all, even those well-informed upon the present
+condition of women. Miss Burton's book will interest all the reading
+public."--CHRISTIAN ADVOCATE.
+
+[Illustration:
+Dr. Hue King Eng at the Time of Her Graduation from the Medical College]
+
+
+
+
+Notable Women of Modern China
+
+By
+
+MARGARET E. BURTON
+
+AUTHOR OF
+
+"THE EDUCATION OF WOMEN IN CHINA"
+
+NEW YORK CHICAGO TORONTO
+
+Fleming H. Revell Company
+
+LONDON AND EDINBURGH
+
+Copyright, 1912, by
+
+FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY
+
+New York: 158 Fifth Avenue
+Chicago: 125 N. Wabash Ave.
+Toronto: 25 Richmond St., W.
+London: 21 Paternoster Square
+Edinburgh: 100 Princes Street
+
+
+TO MY FRIEND
+GRACE COPPOCK
+WHO TAUGHT ME TO KNOW AND LOVE
+THE WOMEN OF CHINA
+
+
+
+
+Preface
+
+
+During a stay of some months in China in the year of 1909, I had an
+opportunity to see something of the educational work for women, and to meet
+several of the educated women of that interesting country. I was greatly
+impressed, both by the excellent work done by the students in the schools,
+and by the useful, efficient lives of those who had completed their course
+of study. When I returned to America, and spoke of some of the things which
+the educated women of China were doing, I found that many people were
+greatly surprised to learn that Chinese women were capable of such
+achievements. It occurred to me, therefore, that it might be worth while to
+put the stories of a few of these women into a form which would make them
+accessible to the public.
+
+It will be noted that the majority of the women of whose work I have
+written received a part of their education in America. My reason for
+selecting these women is not because those whose training has been received
+wholly in China are not doing equally good work, but because it is
+difficult to gather definite information in regard to the women whose
+lives have been spent entirely in their native country. The fact that most
+of the biographies in this book are of women in professional life is due to
+the same cause. The great aim of the girls' schools in China is, rightly,
+to furnish such training as shall prepare their students to be worthy wives
+and mothers, and the large majority of those who attend the schools find
+their highest subsequent usefulness in the home. But in China, as in other
+countries, the life of the woman in the home remains, for the most part,
+unwritten.
+
+I have therefore told the stories of the women concerning whose work I have
+been able to obtain definite information, believing that they fairly
+represent the educated women of China who, wherever their education has
+been received, and in whatever sphere it is being used, are ably and
+bravely playing an important part in the moulding of the great new China.
+
+For much of the material for these sketches I am indebted to friends of the
+women of whom I have written. To all such my hearty thanks are due. For
+personal reminiscences, letters, and photographs, I am most grateful.
+
+M. E. B.
+
+
+
+
+Contents
+
+
+DR. HUe KING ENG
+
+  I. CHILDHOOD IN A CHRISTIAN HOME                                  15
+
+ II. EDUCATION IN CHINA AND AMERICA                                 23
+
+III. BEGINNING MEDICAL WORK IN CHINA                                39
+
+ IV. THE BELOVED PHYSICIAN                                          44
+
+  V. THE FAVOUR OF THE PEOPLE                                       58
+
+
+MRS. AHOK
+
+  I. THE MISTRESS OF A HOME OF WEALTH                               73
+
+ II. WORK AMONG THE WOMEN OF THE UPPER CLASSES                      82
+
+III. A JOURNEY TO ENGLAND                                           90
+
+ IV. PATIENT IN TRIBULATION                                        101
+
+
+DR. IDA KAHN
+
+  I. CHILDHOOD IN THREE COUNTRIES                                  115
+
+ II. AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN                                 121
+
+III. SEVEN YEARS IN KIUKIANG                                       126
+
+ IV. PIONEER WORK IN NANCHANG                                      140
+
+
+DR. MARY STONE
+
+  I. WITH UNBOUND FEET                                             161
+
+ II. THE DANFORTH MEMORIAL HOSPITAL                                169
+
+III. WINNING FRIENDS IN AMERICA                                    183
+
+IV. A VERSATILE WOMAN                                              190
+
+
+YU KULIANG                                                         221
+
+
+ANNA STONE
+
+  I. EAGER FOR EDUCATION                                           233
+
+ II. AMONG HER OWN PEOPLE                                          244
+
+III. THE POWER OF AN ENDLESS LIFE                                  254
+
+
+
+
+Illustrations
+
+
+Dr. Hue King Eng at the Time of Her Graduation
+from the Medical College _Frontispiece_
+
+Dr. Hue's Medical Students                                           41
+
+Dr. Hue's Christmas Party                                            61
+
+Mrs. Ahok and Her Two Granddaughters                                73
+
+Reception Rooms in Chinese Homes of Wealth                          83
+
+Dr. Ida Kahn                                                       115
+
+A Nurse in Dr. Kahn's Hospital                                     138
+
+One of Dr. Kahn's Guests                                           141
+
+A Village Crowd                                                    141
+
+Dr. Mary Stone                                                     161
+
+Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial Hospital, Kiukiang, China      172
+
+Dr. Stone, Dr. Kahn, and Five of the Hospital Nurses               174
+
+General Ward of the Danforth Memorial Hospital                     182
+
+Nurses of the Danforth Memorial Hospital                           192
+
+Yu Kuliang                                                         221
+
+Anna Stone                                                         233
+
+The Anna Stone Memorial                                            257
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DR. HUe KING ENG
+
+  I. CHILDHOOD IN A CHRISTIAN HOME
+
+ II. EDUCATION IN CHINA AND AMERICA
+
+III. BEGINNING MEDICAL WORK IN CHINA
+
+ IV. THE BELOVED PHYSICIAN
+
+  V. THE FAVOUR OF THE PEOPLE
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+DR. HUe KING ENG
+
+I
+
+CHILDHOOD IN A CHRISTIAN HOME
+
+
+Among the earliest converts to Christianity in South China was Hue Yong Mi,
+the son of a military mandarin of Foochow. He had been a very devout
+Buddhist, whose struggles after spiritual peace, and whose efforts to
+obtain it through fasting, sacrifice, earnest study, and the most
+scrupulous obedience to all the forms of Buddhist worship, remind one
+strongly of the experiences of Saul of Tarsus. Like Saul too, Hue Yong Mi
+was, before his conversion, a vigorous and sincere opponent of
+Christianity. When his older brother became a Christian, Hue Yong Mi felt
+that his casting away of idols and abolishing of ancestral worship were
+crimes of such magnitude that the entire family "ought all with one heart
+to beat the drum and drive him from the house." He tells of finding a copy
+of the Bible in his father's bookcase one day, and how, in sudden rage, he
+tore it to pieces and threw the fragments on the floor, and then, not
+satisfied with destroying the book, wished that he had some sharp implement
+with which to cut out "the hated name Ya-su, which stared from the
+mutilated pages."
+
+But when, through the efforts of the very brother whom he had persecuted,
+he too came to recognize the truth of Christianity, he became as devoted
+and tireless a worker for his Lord as was Paul the apostle, preaching in
+season and out of season, first as a layman, afterwards as an ordained
+minister of the Methodist Church. His work often led him to isolated and
+difficult fields; he was "in journeyings often, in perils of rivers, in
+perils of robbers, in perils from his countrymen, in perils in the city, in
+perils in the wilderness." But, alike in toil and persecution, he remained
+steadfast.
+
+He was made a presiding elder at the time of the organization of the
+Foochow Conference in 1877, and from that time until his death, in 1893, he
+was, in the words of one of the missionaries of that district, "a pillar of
+strength in the church in China, because of his piety and wisdom and his
+literary ability, having, withal, an eloquent tongue which in the ardour of
+pulpit oratory gave to his fine six-foot physique a princely bearing."
+
+A striking testimony to the power and beauty of this Christian man's
+character is a picture, painted by a Chinese artist, an old man over eighty
+years of age. This man was not a Christian, but after hearing Mr. Hue's
+preaching, and watching his consecrated life, he embodied in a painting his
+conception of the power of the "Cross Doctrine" as he knew it through Hue
+Yong Mi. The picture, which is five feet long and nearly three wide, and is
+finely executed in water colours, was presented to Mr. Hue by the artist. At
+first glance its central figure seems to be a tree, under which is a man
+reading from a book. Lower down are some rocks. But looking again one sees
+that the tree is a cross, and that in the rocks are plain semblances of
+human faces, more or less perfect, all turned toward the cross. The thought
+which the artist wished to express was that the "Cross Doctrine," as
+preached and lived by such as Hue Yong Mi, would turn even rocks into human
+beings.
+
+The wife of Hue Yong Mi was brought up in a home of wealth and rank in
+Foochow. Her aristocratic birth was manifested by the size of her tiny
+embroidered shoe, which measured exactly three inches. When Hue Yong Mi was
+asked by the missionaries to become a minister, he was somewhat dismayed to
+learn that in the Methodist Church the minister's family must frequently
+move from place to place. In his own words, "The Chinese greatly esteem the
+place of their birth; if a man goes abroad it is considered a matter of
+affliction; for a family to move is an almost unheard of calamity." He
+replied, however, that although he had not known of the existence of the
+custom, he was entirely willing, for Christ's sake, to undertake the work
+of a minister in spite of it. The missionaries then asked if his wife would
+be willing to go with him. He answered that he could not tell until he went
+home and asked her. But when he had talked the matter over with her, this
+dainty, high-class lady replied, "It matters not to what place; if you are
+willing to go, I will go with you."
+
+Within a few weeks they left Foochow to work among their first
+parishioners, a people who might well have caused the hearts of the young
+pastor and his wife to fail, for Hue Yong Mi says of them: "In front of
+their houses I saw piles of refuse, and filthy ditches. Within, all was
+very dirty--pigs, cattle, fowls, sheep, all together in the one house. Not
+a chair was there to sit on. All went out to work in the fields. They had
+no leisure to comb hair or wash faces.... None knew how to read the Chinese
+characters. Some held their books upside down; some mistook a whole column
+for one character." Mrs. Hue and the children were very ill with malarial
+fever while in this place, but in spite of all their hardships, a good work
+was done.
+
+Mrs. Hue was as earnest a worker among the women as was her husband among
+the men, telling the good news to those who had never heard it, and
+strengthening her fellow-Christians. Many a programme of the Foochow
+Women's Conference bears the name of Mrs. Hue Yong Mi, for she could give
+addresses and read papers which were an inspiration to missionaries and
+Chinese alike. Her friend, Mrs. Sites, has written especially of her
+influence on the women whose lives she touched: "In the stations where the
+Methodist itinerancy sent Rev. Hue Yong Mi, this Christian household was
+something of a curiosity. The neighbouring women often called 'to see' in
+companies of three to twenty or more, and Mr. Hue expected his wife and
+children to preach the gospel to them just as faithfully as he did from the
+pulpit. There are many hundreds of Chinese women to whom this lovely
+Christian mother and little daughters gave the first knowledge of Christ
+and heaven." The same friend says of this wife and mother, "In privations
+oft, and in persecutions beyond the power of pen to narrate, she has
+become a model woman among her people."
+
+In 1865, not long after a period of severe persecution, and while their
+hearts were saddened by the recent death of their little daughter, Hiong
+Kwang, another baby girl was born to Mr. and Mrs. Hue, and named Precious
+Peace, the Chinese for which is King Eng. Born of such parents, and growing
+up in such an environment, it is perhaps not surprising that unselfishness,
+steadfastness of purpose, and courage, both physical and moral, should be
+among the most prominent characteristics of Hue King Eng. One of the
+clearest memories of her childhood is of lying in bed night after night,
+listening to the murmur of her father's voice as he talked to someone who
+was interested in learning of the "Jesus way," and hearing the crash of
+stones and brickbats, the hurling of which through the doors and windows
+was too frequent an occurrence to interrupt these quiet talks.
+
+Of course little King Eng's feet were bound, as were the feet of every
+other little girl of good family. But the binding process had scarcely
+begun when her father became convinced that this universal and ancient
+custom was a wrong one. He accordingly made the brave decision,
+unprecedented in that section of the country, that his daughters should
+have natural feet, and the bandages were taken off. This proceeding was
+viewed with great disapproval by his small daughter, for while it freed her
+from physical pain, her unbound feet were the source of constant comment
+and ridicule, far more galling to the sensitive child than the tight
+bandages had been. Now, an ardent advocate of natural feet, she often tells
+of her trials as a pioneer of the movement in Fuhkien province. "That I
+have the distinction of being the first girl who did not have her feet
+bound, is due to no effort of mine," she says, "for the neighbour women
+used to say, 'Rather a nice girl, but those feet!' 'Rather a bright girl,
+but those feet,' and 'Those feet,' 'Those feet' was all I heard, until I
+was ashamed to be seen."
+
+Finally her mother, who did not wholly share her husband's view of the
+matter, took advantage of his absence from home, and replaced the bandages.
+When she would ask, "Can you stand them a little tighter?" the little
+devotee to the stern mandates of fashion and custom invariably replied,
+"Yes, mother, a little tighter"; for was she not going to be a lady and not
+hear "those feet," "those feet" any more! But when her father came home he
+had a long and serious talk with his wife about foot-binding, and off came
+the bandages again. Later the little girl went on a visit to a relative,
+who was greatly horrified at her large feet, and took it upon herself to
+bind them again, to the child's great delight. It was with an immense sense
+of her importance that she came hobbling home, supported on each side. Her
+mother was ill in bed at the time, but greatly to King Eng's
+disappointment, instead of being pleased, she bade her take the bandages
+off and burn them, and never replace them. To the child's plea that people
+were all saying "those feet," "those feet," until she was ashamed to meet
+any one, Mrs. Hue replied, "Tell them bound-footed girls never enter the
+emperor's palace." "And that," says Dr. Hue, "put a quietus on 'those feet,'
+and when I learned that all the world did not have bound feet I became more
+reconciled."
+
+
+
+
+II
+
+EDUCATION IN CHINA AND AMERICA
+
+
+When she was old enough, King Eng became a pupil in the Foochow Boarding
+School for Girls, where she did good work as a student. No musical teaching
+was given in the school at that time, but King Eng was so eager to learn to
+play that the wife of one of the missionaries gave her lessons on her own
+organ. Her ability to play may have been one of the causes which led to the
+framing of a remarkable and eloquent appeal for the higher education of the
+Chinese girls, which should include music and English, sent in 1883 by the
+native pastors of Foochow and vicinity to the General Executive Committee
+of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal
+Church, under whose auspices this school was carried on.
+
+To the same committee there came at the same time another remarkable
+request, this one from Dr. Trask, then in charge of the Foochow Woman's
+Hospital. After leaving boarding school King Eng had been a student in the
+hospital, and Dr. Trask had become so much impressed with her adaptability
+to medical work, and her sympathetic spirit toward the suffering, that she
+longed to have her receive the advantages of a more thorough education than
+could be given her in Foochow. She accordingly wrote to the Executive
+Committee of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, speaking in the
+highest terms of Hue King Eng's ability and character, and urging that
+arrangements be made to bring her to America, to remain ten years if
+necessary, "that she might go back qualified to lift the womanhood of China
+to a higher plane, and able to superintend the medical work." She assured
+the committee that they would find that the results would justify them in
+doing this, and that none knew King Eng but to love her. Arrangements were
+soon made, largely through Mrs. Keen, secretary of the Philadelphia branch
+of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, and word was sent to Foochow
+that Dr. Trask's request had been approved.
+
+This word found Hue King Eng ready to accept the opportunity which it
+offered her. It had not been easy for this young girl, only eighteen years
+old, to decide to leave her home and her country and take the long journey
+to a foreign land, whose language she could not speak, and whose customs
+were utterly strange to her, to remain there long enough to receive the
+college and medical education which would enable her to do the work planned
+for her on her return to China. So far as she knew she was the only Chinese
+young woman who had ever left China to seek an education in another
+country; and indeed she was the second, the only one who had preceded her
+being Dr. You Me King, the adopted daughter of Dr. and Mrs. McCartee, of
+Ningpo, who had gone to America with them a few years before. King Eng's
+parents did not oppose her going, but neither did they encourage it. They
+told her fully of the loneliness she would experience in a foreign country;
+the dangers and unpleasantness of the long ocean voyage she would have to
+take; and the unparalleled situation in which she would find herself on her
+return ten years later, unmarried at twenty-eight. But with a quiet faith
+and purpose, and a courage nothing short of heroic, King Eng answered, "If
+the Lord opens the way and the cablegram says 'Come,' I shall surely go;
+but if otherwise I shall do as best I can and labour at home."
+
+Years afterward, when two other girls from the Foochow Boarding School
+were leaving China for a period of study in America, a farewell meeting was
+held for them in the school, at which Dr. Hue told how she had reached her
+decision to go. She said: "I was the first Fuhkien province girl to go to
+America.... My father told me, 'I cannot decide for you; you must pray to
+God. If you are to go, God will show you.' Then I felt God's word come to
+me, 'Fear not, for I will go with you wherever you go.' At that time the
+school girls were seldom with the missionary ladies and I could not speak
+any English, therefore I did not know any American politeness; and all my
+clothes and other daily-need-things were not proper to use in the western
+country. Although everything could not be according to my will, I trusted
+God with all my life, so nothing could change my heart."
+
+In the spring of 1884, in charge of some missionaries going home on
+furlough, Hue King Eng left China for America. The journey was a long and
+rough one, and a steamer near theirs was wrecked. One of the missionaries,
+wondering how her faith was standing the test of these new and terrifying
+experiences, asked if she wanted to go back home. But she answered, "No, I
+do not think of going home at all." She felt that it was right for her to
+go to America, and although when she met her friends at the journey's end
+she confessed that sea-sickness and home-sickness had brought the tears
+many a night, she never faltered in her decision.
+
+Upon landing in New York she went at once to Mrs. Keen in Philadelphia, and
+there met Dr. and Mrs. Sites, of Foochow, whom she had known from
+childhood, and who were then in Philadelphia attending the General
+Conference of the Methodist Church. She spent the summer with them,
+learning to read, write, and speak English, and in the autumn went with
+them to Delaware, Ohio, and entered Ohio Wesleyan University. Miss Martin,
+who was then preceptress of Monnett Hall, recalls King Eng's efforts to
+master English. "She was an apt pupil," she says, "yet she had many
+struggles with the language." A friend in Cleveland, with whom she spent a
+few weeks during her vacation, promised her that some day they would go
+around the square to see the reservoir. King Eng seemed much interested in
+this proposition and several times asked when they were to go. When they
+finally went, her friend was somewhat surprised to see that King Eng
+manifested very little interest in the reservoir; but when they reached
+home again it was evident that she had been interested, not in the
+reservoir, but in the proposed method of reaching it. "How can you go
+'round' a 'square'?" she asked.
+
+When she entered college she set herself the task of learning ten new words
+a day; but Miss Martin says that she sometimes had to unlearn several of
+them, owing to the fondness of her fellow students for slang. However, she
+was persevering, and in time learned to use the language easily. One of the
+teachers, who had returned a plate to her with an orange on it, still
+treasures a half sheet of paper which appeared on a returned plate of hers,
+on which King Eng had written:
+
+    "You taught me a lesson not long ago,
+    Which I have learned, as I'll try to show.
+    When you would return a plate to its owner,
+    Of something upon it you must be the donor.
+    One orange you put on that plate of mine,
+    Two oranges find on this plate of thine."
+
+She was a great favourite with both faculty and students. One of her fellow
+students shall tell of the impression she made: "Those who were at Monnett
+Hall at any time from 1884 to 1887 will remember a dainty little foreign
+lady, a sort of exotic blossom, whose silk-embroidered costumes,
+constructed in Chinese fashion, made her an object of interest to every
+girl in college. This was Dr. Hue King Eng, who came to prepare for her
+life work. Gentle, modest, winning, her heart fixed on a goal far ahead,
+she was an example to the earnest Christian girl and a rebuke to any who
+had self-seeking aims."
+
+Another, looking back to her college days, and to the college life of Hue
+King Eng, "or, as she was familiarly and lovingly called, King Eng,"
+writes, "She was so sweet and gracious, so simple in her faith and life, so
+charitable, that you felt it everywhere. I shall never forget standing in
+the hall one day with her and another girl, when a young man delivered some
+books. I asked his name. The young lady gave it, a well known name, and
+added that he had very little principle, or character. King Eng spoke up at
+once, and calling the other girl by name said, 'Yes, but his parents are
+fine people.'"
+
+The King's Daughters' Society was organized during King Eng's stay at Ohio
+Wesleyan, and ten groups, of ten girls each, were formed among the students
+of Monnett Hall. King Eng, who was the leader of one of these groups,
+proposed that each girl in it should earn enough money to buy one of the
+King's Daughters' badges, and that they should be sent to some of the girls
+in the Foochow school, that they too might organize a society. She was
+eager that the girls should not only give the badges, but should earn them
+by their own efforts, that they might thus show the Chinese girls that
+American students did not consider any kind of work beneath them, but
+counted it an honour to serve their Master in any way possible.
+
+During the April of King Eng's first year at Ohio Wesleyan University,
+special meetings were held in connection with the Day of Prayer for
+Colleges, one of them a large chapel service at which the president of the
+college and the preceptress spoke. The report of this meeting shows that
+King Eng did not wait until her return to China to begin active efforts to
+win others to the Christian life. "At the close of an address by Miss
+Martin, the preceptress, there stepped forward upon the rostrum our little
+Chinese student, Miss Hue King Eng, who, dressed in her full native costume,
+stood gracefully before these six hundred young men and women while she
+witnessed to the saving power of Christ.... The following evening, at our
+earnest revival service in the chapel of the ladies' boarding hall, there
+knelt the Chinese girl at the side of her American sister, helping her to
+find the Saviour; and the smile of gladness on her countenance at the
+closing of the meeting told the joy in her heart because her friend was
+converted. The faith of many has been made stronger by hearing the
+testimony of Miss Hue."
+
+The statement of one of her fellow students is impressive: "She had a great
+influence over the girls, and during our revival seasons she usually led
+more to Christ than any other girl in the school. One mother, when she came
+to visit the school after such a meeting during which her own daughter had
+been converted, exclaimed, 'Little did I think when I was giving money for
+the work in China, that a Chinese girl would come to this country and be
+the means of leading my daughter to Christ.'"
+
+Miss Martin tells of one student who had long resisted all appeals, but who
+would listen to King Eng when she would not hear any one else; and who was
+finally led by her to such a complete consecration that she afterward gave
+her life to missionary service in Japan.
+
+During her vacation periods King Eng often addressed missionary meetings
+with marked success, winning such testimonies as these: "We are thanking
+God for that grand missionary meeting. It would have done your heart good
+to have heard the references to it in our Wednesday night prayer meeting,"
+or, "One gentleman said to me, 'That was the best missionary meeting we
+ever had in Third Avenue.'" It was probably while doing such work as this
+that she had the experiences which led her to realize so keenly the
+blessing of the unbound feet which had caused her so many tribulations as a
+child, for she says that when she was running for trains in America she
+always remembered "Those feet," "Those feet," and was glad that she had
+them.
+
+In the summer of 1886 she attended a meeting of the International
+Missionary Union, and there met Mrs. Baldwin, who had known her as a child
+in Foochow. Mrs. Baldwin wrote of the impression she made at this time:
+"Our dear little Chinese girl, Hue King Eng, won all hearts, as usual, by
+her sweet, gentle, trustful Christian character. To us who have known her
+from her infancy up, the meeting was of peculiar pleasure; and as she
+grasped my hand and in low, earnest, glad tones exclaimed in our Foochow
+dialect, 'Teacheress, all the same as seeing my own house people,' I could
+heartily respond, 'All the same.'"
+
+At the same time she was making rapid progress in her studies. At the
+annual meeting of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society in 1886, "the
+marvellous progress of Hue King Eng was reported ... and tears of gladness
+filled many eyes as her implicit faith, her sturdy industry, and her
+untiring devotion were described."
+
+She completed her course in Ohio Wesleyan University in four years, and in
+the autumn of 1888 entered the Woman's Medical College of Philadelphia,
+doing the regular class work, and making her home with her friend Mrs.
+Keen. After two years of work there, she was very ill with a fever for many
+weeks. When her strength began to come back, it was decided that she should
+stop studying for a time and go to China for the following year, as she was
+very eager to visit her home, especially as her father was ill. Her
+lifelong friend, Miss Ruth Sites, was also returning to Foochow at that
+time. So after securing a passport for Hue King Eng, in order that she might
+be able to return to America, the two girls made the trip together,
+spending Christmas in Yokohama, and enjoying a short visit to Tokio. The
+steamer stopped for a day at Kobe, and there Miss Hue had the pleasure of
+visiting Dr. You Me King, then practising medicine under the Southern
+Methodist Mission. Dr. You was the only Chinese woman who had ever left
+China for study up to the time of her own going. They had a day at Nagasaki
+also, where several college mates from Ohio Wesleyan were working; and two
+days were spent in Shanghai, during which Miss Hue visited Dr. Reifsnyder's
+splendid hospital. The trip from Shanghai to Foochow was the last part of
+the long journey, and they were soon in the quiet waters of the Min River.
+Miss Sites, writing back to America, said that she could never forget King
+Eng's look as she exclaimed, "The last wave is past. Now we are almost
+home." A brother and a brother-in-law came several miles down the river in
+a launch to meet her, and sedan chairs were waiting at the landing to take
+her to her home, where her parents were eagerly awaiting her. A reception
+of welcome was given for her and Miss Sites a few days later, which was for
+her father and mother one of the proudest occasions of their lives.
+
+Some of the missionaries had wondered whether so many years of residence in
+America would not have changed King Eng, and whether some of the luxuries
+she had enjoyed there might not have become a necessity to her. With this
+in mind many little comforts unusual in a Chinese home had been put into
+her room. "But," one of them writes, "this was needless." King Eng was
+unchanged and all the attention she had received in America had left her
+unspoiled. This was doubtless largely due to the purity of her purpose in
+going. In bidding good-bye, a few years later, to some girls who were going
+to America for the first time, she said: "Some people do not want girls to
+go to America to study because they think when the girls are educated they
+will be proud. I think really we have nothing to be proud of. We Chinese
+girls have such a good opportunity to go to another country to study, not
+because God loves us better than any other persons, but because He loves
+_all_ our people in China. Therefore He sends us to learn all the good
+things first, so that we may help our people. The more favour we receive
+the more debt we owe the Chinese women and girls. So wherever we go we must
+think how to benefit our people, and not do as we please, and then how can
+we be proud?"
+
+The only cloud in this happy home-coming, after eight years of absence, was
+the illness of her father, who was suffering from consumption. But even
+this cloud was lightened by the help and cheer which King Eng was enabled
+to bring to him. Miss Sites wrote: "It is an unspeakable comfort to him to
+have King Eng with him, while she, with skill and wisdom learned in
+Philadelphia, attends to all his wants as no other Chinese could." Soon
+after King Eng's return her father was prostrated with a severe attack of
+grippe, which in his already weakened state, made his condition almost
+hopeless. Even the missionary doctor who attended him had no expectation
+that he would recover. "But," reads a letter from Mrs. Sites, "through the
+knowledge King Eng had acquired of caring for the sick, and her devotion to
+her father, with work unfaltering, and prayer unceasing, he was brought
+back to us."
+
+For many years Rev. Hue Yong Mi had been planning to build a house, wherein
+he and his family might live after he was too feeble to preach, and which
+his family might have if he should be taken from them. At this time he had
+laid by enough money to carry out his plan, but his weakness was such that
+he could have done little, had it not been for the energy and vigour of his
+wide-awake daughter. She helped make the plans for the house, and afterward
+urged forward the building, so that a few months after her return the
+family moved out of the parsonage into a comfortable little home, built in
+Chinese style, but with glass windows and board floors.
+
+In addition to the care of her father and the superintendence of the
+building of the new house, King Eng was kept very busy in the hospital,
+interpreting for the physicians in the daily clinics, and working among
+the in-patients. This experience was invaluable to her at this time in
+giving her a clearer knowledge of the especial preparation needed in her
+future work. She saw and learned much of the prevalent diseases among the
+women for whom she was preparing herself to work. She also taught a class
+of young women medical students, which gave her valuable experience in that
+line of work.
+
+One of the missionaries has written of the impression she made during this
+stay in Foochow: "She was kept very busy in the hospital and her home, but
+she was always cheerful and helpful. Her Christian love and natural
+kindness drew to her the hearts of hundreds of suffering native women, who
+felt that there was sympathy for them in her every look and touch.
+Moreover, the affectionate regard in which she had been held by her
+missionary associates in Foochow has been vastly increased by her
+unassuming manner, and the meek and quiet spirit in which she mingled with
+us in work and prayer through the months."
+
+The new home was beautifully situated, overlooking the river and receiving
+constant south breezes, which made it cool and comfortable in summer. It
+was hoped that in its quiet Mr. Hue might live for a number of years, and
+it was therefore decided that King Eng should return to America, to
+re-enter the Woman's Medical College of Philadelphia in the fall of 1892.
+On the return trip she said to Mrs. Sites, who was with her, "I have
+learned to trust God fully, else how could I be going away from my sick
+father whose every move and cough I had learned to hear so quickly through
+all the hours of the night, and still my heart be at rest?" Mrs. Sites
+adds, "Personally, her companionship on the voyage was a continual joy to
+me, notwithstanding my alarming and wearisome struggle while in Montreal to
+get permission for her to re-enter this alarmingly exclusive country."
+
+Hue King Eng re-entered the Medical College in the autumn of 1892,
+graduating with honour the eighth of May, 1894. She spent the following
+year in hospital work, being fortunate enough to be chosen as surgeon's
+assistant in the Philadelphia Polyclinic, which gave her the privilege of
+attending all the clinics and lectures there.
+
+
+
+
+III
+
+BEGINNING MEDICAL WORK IN CHINA
+
+
+In 1895 Dr. Hue returned to Foochow. She at once began work in the Foochow
+Hospital for women and children, being associated with Dr. Lyon, who wrote
+at the end of the year's work: "Dr. Hue, by her faithfulness and skill, has
+built up the dispensary until the number of the patients treated far
+exceeds that of last year. She has also been a great inspiration to our
+students, not only as teacher, but in right living and in Christian
+principles." The following year Dr. Lyon returned to America on her
+furlough, leaving the young physician in entire charge of the hospital
+work, a responsibility which she discharged so effectively that at the
+close of the year her co-labourers enthusiastically declared: "Sending Hue
+King Eng to America for a medical education was providing for one of the
+greatest blessings that ever came to Foochow. Skilled in her profession,
+kind and patient, Christlike in spirit, one of their very own, her
+influence cannot be measured."
+
+At about this time Dr. Hue was honoured by being appointed by His
+Excellency, Li Hung Chang, as one of the two delegates from China to the
+Women's Congress held in London in 1898. But she was very seriously ill
+with pneumonia that year, and for weeks it was feared that she could not
+recover. A letter from Mrs. Lacy, then living in Foochow, reads: "Dr. Hue
+King Eng has been lying at the gates of death for nearly three weeks. Dr.
+Lyon said she was beyond all human aid. Most earnest and constant prayers
+by the native Christians have been offered in her behalf. We are glad to
+report a decided improvement in her condition although she is by no means
+out of danger yet. Dr. Hue is a very valuable worker, not only a most
+successful physician, but a very superior instructor in medicine, and is
+very greatly beloved by both natives and foreigners, and it does not seem
+as if she could be spared. We can but believe that God is going to honour
+the faith of His children and raise her up to do yet greater service for
+Him."
+
+Gradually health and strength came back, and the next year it was reported
+that Dr. Hue had sufficiently recovered her health to teach one class in the
+Girls' Boarding School. A trip to the home of a married sister in Amoy,
+which gave her a sea voyage, and change of air and scene, completed her
+recovery and in 1899 she was strong enough to take charge of the Woolston
+Memorial Hospital.
+
+[Illustration: Dr. Hue's Medical Students]
+
+The Foochow Hospital for women and children is situated on Nan Tai Island,
+three miles from the walled city of Foochow. The physicians had long felt
+the need of a similar work within the city walls, and a few years before
+Dr. Hue's return from America, work had been undertaken in the city. A small
+building was erected, in which forty in-patients could be accommodated.
+This little building was named the Woolston Memorial Hospital, and nurses
+from the Island hospital took turns in working in it, under the supervision
+of one of the physicians. But until Dr. Hue took charge of the work, in
+1899, there had been no resident physician.
+
+Some years later, in telling of her appointment to this work, Dr. Hue said:
+"It is very different from what I had heard of the city people being proud
+and hard to manage. I am glad God created Lot. If he did not help any one
+else he surely helped me. At the time I said nothing and went, simply
+because I did not want to be like Lot. No one knows how I shrank when I was
+asked to work in the city; for when I thought of the place, the pitiful
+picture of the Island hospital students would come most conspicuously
+before me. I can see them even now, wiping away the tears just as hard as
+they could when their turn came to go into the city; while the other
+students were like 'laughing Buddhas,' for their turn in the city hospital
+had expired. I am glad I can speak for myself to-day that in my five years'
+experience I have never had to shed a tear because the people were
+obstinate."
+
+Nevertheless the first few months were not altogether easy ones. Dr. Hue
+herself tells the story of the beginnings of the work: "When I first took
+up my work in the city here, during the first few months what did I meet?
+People came and said that they wanted a foreign doctor. When our Bible
+woman told them that I had just returned from a foreign country, and that I
+knew foreign medicine, what was the immediate reply which I heard? 'No, I
+don't want a Chinese student, but I want a foreign doctor.' It made my
+Bible woman indignant, but by this time I usually stepped out and told them
+just where to go to find the foreign doctors. It surprised my hospital
+people that instead of feeling hurt I would do what I did."
+
+It was only a few months, however, before the city people discovered that
+this "Chinese student" was a most valuable member of the community. By
+summer the work of the little hospital was so prosperous that Dr. Hue
+decided to keep the dispensary open for three mornings a week, even after
+the intense heat had necessitated the closing of the hospital proper. Some
+of the patients signified their approval of this decision by renting rooms
+in the neighbourhood, in order to be able to attend the dispensary on the
+open days.
+
+During this first year of work in the Woolston Hospital Dr. Hue had two
+medical students in training, who also assisted her in the hospital work,
+one of them her younger sister, Hue Seuk Eng. She speaks warmly of their
+work among the patients, and of the patients' appreciation of what was done
+for them. "Very frequently," she wrote at the close of the year, "I hear
+the patients say, 'Truly my own parents, brothers, and sisters could never
+be so good, so patient, and do so carefully for us; especially when we are
+so filthy and foul in these sore places. Yes, this religion must be better
+than ours.'"
+
+Thus, although the work was begun in fear and trembling, and the young
+physician had some obstacles to overcome, she treated 2,620 patients during
+the first year, and was able to report a most encouraging outlook at its
+close.
+
+
+
+
+IV
+
+THE BELOVED PHYSICIAN
+
+
+As Dr. Hue's work grew it fell into four main divisions; the dispensary
+work, the work among the hospital patients, visits to the homes of those
+too ill to come to her, and the superintendence of the training of medical
+students. The city hospital has been crowded almost from the very outset.
+The situation was somewhat relieved in 1904, by the building of a house for
+Dr. Hue on Black Rock Hill. This enabled her to move out of the hospital and
+thus enlarged the space available for patients; but the additional space
+was soon filled and the building was as crowded as before. Dr. Hue is
+utilizing the building to the best possible advantage. One of her fellow
+missionaries writes that every department is as well arranged as in any
+hospital she has ever seen; every nook and corner is clean and tidy,
+students are happy, helpful, and studious, and patients are cared for both
+physically and spiritually.
+
+The hospital records hold many a story of those who found both physical
+and spiritual healing during their stay there. One day a woman over fifty,
+whose husband and son had died while she was very young, came to the
+hospital for treatment. When she was only twenty-two, crushed by her grief,
+and feeling, as she said, that there was no more pleasure in this world for
+her, she made a solemn vow before the idols that she would be a vegetarian
+for the rest of her life, hoping in this way to obtain reward in the next
+life. At the time she came to the hospital she had kept this vow sacredly
+for nearly thirty years, being so scrupulous in her observance of it that
+she even used her own cooking utensils in the hospital, lest some particle
+of animal matter should have adhered to the others and thus contaminate her
+food. She was so unostentatious about it, however, that Dr. Hue did not know
+she was a vegetarian until she prescribed milk for her.
+
+While in the hospital this woman was greatly surprised to hear, in morning
+prayers every day, that which she could but admit was better than her old
+belief. Day by day she compared the Christian teaching with her old
+religion, until finally one morning, after she had been in the hospital
+about a week, she went to Dr. Hue after the service, and said: "Doctor,
+your religion is better than mine. I want to be a Christian, but very
+unfortunately I have made a solemn vow to idols, and now, if I should
+change my faith, these idols would punish me, my children, and children's
+children." The doctor assured her that she need not be afraid, since the
+idols to which she had made her vow were only wood and stone, powerless to
+harm her. She went off comforted, and a few hours later she created
+tremendous excitement through the hospital by preparing and eating the
+first meal of meat she had had for almost thirty years. Some of the
+patients were much frightened, for the vegetarian vow is considered a most
+sacred one which, when broken, can never be made again, and they feared
+that some dire calamity would overtake her. Nothing worse occurred,
+however, than an attack of indigestion, the natural consequence of too free
+indulgence in the flesh pots after so many years of abstinence; and the
+dauntless old lady announced her intention of enjoying many a similar meal
+in the days to come.
+
+Her home was at some distance, and after she left the hospital nothing more
+was seen of her until three years later, when she appeared one day,
+bringing with her several patients for treatment. She had gained so much
+flesh, and looked so well, that she had to tell the doctor who she was.
+She said that after she went home, and her vegetarian friends saw the
+dishes of meat on her table and realized that she had broken her sacred
+vow, they were indignant and alarmed, and would have nothing to do with
+her. But within the previous year some of them had gradually begun to come
+to see her again. "I felt badly for their ignorance," she said, "but, oh, I
+was very glad to have the opportunity to tell them of what you had told me
+when I was converted."
+
+At one time a former patient of the doctor's, who belonged to a prominent
+family in the city, brought an old man of seventy-one for treatment. The
+rule of the hospital is that only women and children shall be received as
+in-patients, so the doctor directed him to go to Dr. Kinnear's hospital.
+But the old man looked greatly disappointed and begged pitifully: "I am a
+poor old man and my limb is very painful; _I-seng_ (doctor), do help me and
+have mercy upon me. Do not look upon me as a man, but a child." The
+doctor's tender heart finally prevailed and she made an exception of him.
+When the old man was cured he came back to the hospital regularly, every
+day, for the morning service. After listening attentively for a few weeks,
+he said to the doctor, "_I-seng_, I truly know this is a good religion and
+is just what I want, and I have decided to bow down to this very God."
+
+His health did not improve as rapidly as the doctor thought it should; and
+upon making careful inquiries she learned that it was because the small
+amount of money which it was possible for him to earn, was not sufficient
+to provide him with the nourishing food he needed. She at once gave him
+some money, telling him to buy the sort of food which would build-up his
+strength, and not to tell any one that he had been given this help. But
+this was altogether too much to ask of the grateful old man, and "he went
+out and began to publish it." The family who had sent him to the doctor
+were much touched by this fresh evidence of her kindness, and thereafter
+they sent their son with the old man to the morning services each day,
+saying: "The Christian doctor is so good and kind. She has not only treated
+this poor man free of charge but has helped him with money. Surely this
+religion must be good."
+
+Often patients come from far away villages to enter the hospital. One young
+girl from a town many miles up the Min River, who became a happy, eager
+Christian in the hospital, went home with the hope of coming back to study
+in the Girls' Boarding School the next year. She was very eager to tell the
+people of her village, in the meantime, of the glad truths she had learned.
+"I will be the only Christian in the village," she said. "How I wish Dr. Hue
+and Lau Sing-sang Moing (the Bible woman) would come and tell my people
+about the new religion. I will tell them all I know, but I don't know very
+much." One case is related of an old woman with double cataracts, whose son
+brought her on a wheelbarrow a distance of several hundred miles to consult
+Dr. Hue. The doctor performed a successful operation, restoring the woman's
+sight, and thereby earning the title of "The Miracle Lady."
+
+A large work is done every year in the dispensary, where Dr. Hue receives
+patients each morning. This work has grown from 1,837 cases the first year
+to 24,091 in 1910, and has made literally thousands of friends for the
+doctor and her work. When she planned to erect the little building in which
+she lives on Black Rock Hill many people told her that they were sure the
+priests, especially those of the Black Rock Hill temple, would strongly
+object to the erection of a mission building on that site, which was
+considered a particularly sacred one. But Dr. Hue felt no anxiety in regard
+to that, for the priests had been coming to the dispensary for treatment
+for some months previous to the time of beginning the building. "Some have
+come from Singapore monastery," she wrote, "others from Kushan, still
+others from those in our own city. Thank God that their illnesses were
+quickly healed."
+
+She tells of one of the Singapore priests who was so grateful to be well
+again that he came to the hospital one morning, dressed as for some
+festival occasion, and bringing with him two boxes of cakes and two Chinese
+scrolls, the Chinese characters of which he had himself written. These he
+presented to Dr. Hue with his lowest bow, saying, "If I had not come to you
+and taken your medicine I would have been dead, or at least I would not be
+able to go back to Singapore." Many priests even came to the morning
+services and listened attentively to what was said there.
+
+A somewhat incidental but very useful work carried on largely in the
+dispensary, by the Bible women, is a crusade against foot-binding. Dr. Hue's
+useful life, and the important part her strong, natural feet play in it, is
+a most effective object-lesson; and the annual reports usually record a
+goodly number of those who have unbound their feet during the year.
+
+The most difficult part of the work is that of visiting the sick in their
+homes, both because of the great distances that have to be covered, and
+because in many cases the doctor is not called except as a last resort. One
+of Dr. Hue's reports reads: "I am very sorry that we do not yet have foreign
+vehicles, railroads, or street cars. It takes much time to go from one
+place to another. Fortunately my Chinese people live near together, with
+their relatives, so when I am invited to go to see one case I often have to
+prescribe for sixteen or twenty cases before my return." Often when the
+doctor answers a call she finds that the patient has been ill for a long
+time, while the relatives have been seeking to obtain help from the Chinese
+doctor or from idols. She herself shall tell the story of an experience of
+this kind:
+
+    "Last week I was called to see a woman very ill with cholera. Her
+    people had had all known doctors, both in and out of the city, and
+    had consulted with and begged many idols to heal her, but the woman
+    had grown worse and worse, until, when she was apparently hopeless,
+    having been unconscious for two days, one of the doctors suggested
+    to try me. I went at once, and found the room crowded with friends
+    and relatives. They could not tell me fast enough what a good and
+    filial woman she was, but that the idols had said certain spirits
+    wanted her, and no amount of offerings could buy her back again. I
+    told them that the woman was _very_ ill, and that I feared it was
+    too late for my medicine to help her. Many voices replied, 'We
+    know, we know, and if she dies we will not blame you.' With a
+    prayer, and three doses of medicine left for the woman to take, we
+    left them."
+
+    "That afternoon her husband came to report that she was better. I
+    went to see her and to my great surprise she _was_ better. While
+    there a famous idol arrived to drive out the evil spirit. I said,
+    'Do you want me, or do you want the idols? We cannot work
+    together.' They insisted that I continue to prepare my medicine and
+    said that the idol could wait. He did wait twenty minutes, and I
+    have been told since that no one ever dared to ask an idol to wait
+    before. Before leaving they promised me that the idol should not go
+    near, or do anything outrageous to the woman. This is now the tenth
+    day and the woman seems to have quite recovered."
+
+    "The woman's husband came yesterday and told me that not only he,
+    but many friends and relatives, were convinced that the idols were
+    false; for one idol would give one cause for the illness of his
+    wife, and another idol would give another cause; while once they
+    did not give the medicine sent by an idol and he (the medium) said
+    later, 'The medicine has done her good.' The husband said, 'We see
+    plainly that my wife was saved by your God, by you, and your
+    medicine.'"
+
+While Dr. Hue has done a great deal of work for the poor, her practice is by
+no means limited to that class, for she is often called to the homes of the
+official and wealthy classes. One grateful husband, whose wife and baby Dr.
+Hue had saved, told her that he would not only give money towards her new
+hospital himself, but would also help her to obtain subscriptions from his
+friends. "Chinese doctors have learned to use clinical thermometers," he
+observed, "but the Chinese medicine does not seem to fit the foreign
+thermometer, for the patients do not seem to get well as with the foreign
+medicine."
+
+The first student to receive a diploma from the Woolston Memorial Hospital
+was Dr. Hue's sister, Hue Seuk Eng, who graduated in April, 1902. The
+graduation exercises, held in the Sing Bo Ting Ancestral Hall, which was
+willingly loaned for the occasion, created a keen interest, and numbers of
+the city people gathered to witness proceedings so unusual. Many of them
+said, "This is the first time a Christian service was ever held in a
+temple." But what was even more wonderful to them was the revelation of
+the possibilities of Chinese young womanhood which they received. Dr. Hue
+wrote that after the exercises an official who lived near by announced: "I
+will buy a girl seven or eight years old and I will have a tutor for her.
+Then I will send her to the Girls' Boarding School to study, and then she
+may go to Dr. Hue to study medicine. Then she will go to Sing Bo Ting
+Ancestral Temple, too, to receive her diploma. Besides, we will all be
+Christians." Others were heard to exclaim, "Who knew girls could do so much
+good to the world--more than our boys!"
+
+When the exercises were over, greatly to Seuk Eng's surprise, her sedan
+chair was escorted all the way back to the hospital, to the accompaniment
+of the popping of hundreds of fire-crackers, set off in her honour. A
+Chinese feast was prepared for the guests in the hospital, after which
+another unexpected explosion of congratulatory fire-crackers took place.
+Thus ended in true Chinese fashion, amid noise and smoke, the first
+graduation exercises of the Woolston Memorial Hospital.
+
+They were by no means the last, however, for this department of work has
+been steadily carried on ever since Dr. Hue took charge of the hospital. In
+1904 she reported: "Our little medical school is getting on nicely. The
+success of the school is mostly due to our good teacher and the students
+themselves, who have a great desire to learn. They have had written
+examinations this year; the highest general average was 98 and the lowest
+85. Can any one dare to think, 'What is the use to teach these Chinese
+people?'"
+
+Dr. Hue wrote of the commencement exercises of the class graduating the
+following year: "Quite a number of the gentry, and the teachers of the
+government schools for young men, had asked to come to attend the
+graduating exercises; and of course we were very much pleased to have them.
+They did seem to enjoy it very much. Some of them have told my friends that
+they were surprised and delighted to see that their countrywomen could be
+so brave and do so well. They also wished that their students might have
+come to see and to listen for themselves. One of the gentry decided that
+day that his daughter should come to us to study medicine."
+
+Up to this time no girl who did not have a diploma from a mission school
+had been admitted to the medical course of the Woolston Hospital. But in
+1906, yielding to the great desire of many other young women to take
+medical training, Dr. Hue opened the course to any who could pass an
+examination on certain subjects which she considered essential
+prerequisites to a medical course. Four of the seven who presented
+themselves for examination were passed; only one was a Christian girl, two
+were daughters-in-law of officials, the other a daughter of one of the
+gentry.
+
+An extract from the examination paper of one of them shows the real
+earnestness of purpose with which the work was undertaken. The first
+question asked was, "Please give your reasons for coming to study
+medicine?" "Alas, the women of my country are forgotten in the minds of the
+intellectual world. How could they think of a subject as important as the
+education of medicine! The result is that many lives are lost, simply on
+account of no women physicians for women. Though mission hospitals for
+women and children have been established for a number of years in the
+Fuhkien province they are far less than we need. For this reason I have a
+great desire for a medical education, hoping that I may be able to help,
+and to save my fellow sisters from suffering. It is for this reason I dare
+to apply for this instruction."
+
+The graduates of the medical course are as yet not great in numbers, but
+they are doing earnest, efficient work. Some of them have remained in the
+hospital as assistants or matrons. Of a recent graduating class, one went
+to the Methodist hospital in Ngu-cheng to assist Dr. Li Bi Cu, the
+physician in charge; another went to a large village, to be the only
+physician practising Western medicine; the third to Tientsin, as an
+assistant in the Imperial Peiyang Woman's Medical College.
+
+
+
+
+V
+
+THE FAVOUR OF THE PEOPLE
+
+
+As shown by the glimpses of Dr. Hue's work which have been given
+evangelistic work is carried on in conjunction with the medical work.
+Christian services are held each morning, and are attended by the
+dispensary patients, those of the hospital patients who are able to be up,
+the servants, and usually, also, by a number of visitors. The first year
+after taking charge of the hospital Dr. Hue was able to report: "Not only
+some of the in-patients, but also some of our morning dispensary patients,
+were converted and joined the church on probation. We are rejoicing over
+the fact that all the hospital servants, all my own servants, and also our
+teacher, have given their hearts to Christ. They said before a chapel full
+of patients in one of our morning services, that they would from that day
+on try to be Christians and to live a good life. So far (six months) they
+have proved themselves to be in earnest."
+
+A few years later she writes: "In our morning prayers I have often looked
+and seen a chapel full of people. I have carefully looked over the crowd
+and I could easily recognize those who have just come to us, others who
+have been here longer. You wonder how I know it? Well, their faces show.
+Oftentimes our patients listen so attentively that they forget they are in
+a crowd. Sometimes one, two, three, or even more, speak up with one voice,
+'The Jesus doctrine is truly good. What the leader said is nothing but the
+truth. Idols are false.'"
+
+In addition to the morning services Christian work is constantly done by
+the Bible women who work in connection with the hospital. They hold
+meetings in the hospital wards, teach the hospital patients to read the
+Bible, do personal work among those waiting their turn in the dispensary,
+and visit in the homes. One of the missionaries who is a frequent visitor
+to the hospital says: "No hour of the week brings more fully the joy of
+service than the hour I spend in the City Hospital with the poor sick folk
+there. They are always so glad to hear, and so responsive. No wonder the
+Master loved to heal; and no wonder the Christian physician finds so many
+open doors."
+
+It is not to be wondered at that those who have been ministered to by this
+tender, skilful Christian woman, and have watched her happy, busy life
+poured out in the service of the suffering ones about her, have become
+convinced that the beautiful doctrine which she teaches and lives is true.
+Every year the hospital reports contain a record of those who have become
+Christians during the year as a result of the medical work. Moreover, the
+seeds sown in the early years of the hospital, some of which seemed to have
+fallen on rocky ground, were not all in vain. Dr. Hue's sister, reporting
+the work of 1908, writes: "After careful investigation we found that those
+seeds were sown deep enough, and with such attention, that even though
+seven, eight, or nine years have passed they are to-day still germinating,
+growing, and bearing fruit. After hearing and accepting the gospel, their
+lives are changed. They become brighter and more straightforward, and have
+a love for other people."
+
+Christmas is a great event in the Woolston Memorial Hospital, not only for
+the patients and workers, but also for as many of the neighbours as can be
+accommodated in the chapel. There is never any difficulty with regard to
+unwilling guests; on the contrary, the neighbours invariably respond with
+almost disconcerting enthusiasm. The first year that they were invited
+to the Christmas exercises, red Chinese cards, reading "Admit one only,"
+were distributed to one hundred and twenty families, one to each house, the
+choice of the member who should use it being left to the family. Careful
+explanations as to why all could not be invited were made; but in spite of
+this, during the days preceding Christmas, the doctor was besieged by the
+non-elect with requests for invitations.
+
+[Illustration: Dr. Hue's Christmas Party]
+
+The guests were invited for half-past seven Christmas evening, but the
+great majority of them were on hand at four o'clock waiting for the doors
+to be opened. When they were opened, and the guests began to pass in,
+presenting their red tickets, a new predicament arose; for it was
+discovered that many of these tickets were of their own manufacture, the
+number of those which were passed in far exceeding the number of those
+which had been given out. But when the doctor looked over the crowds, and
+saw how eager they were to get in, and how good-natured they were, she had
+not the heart to turn them away, so told the gatekeepers to let them in as
+long as they could find a place in which to stand. And although the chapel
+was crowded to its utmost seating and standing capacity, even the basement
+and the yard outside being filled, Dr. Hue said that no better behaved or
+more quiet crowd could have been desired. They listened attentively to the
+exercises, which were fully two hours long, and at the close, group by
+group, they all went up to thank the doctor for the pleasure she had
+provided for them, and then quietly dispersed.
+
+Tea, cakes, and oranges had been provided for the invited guests, but as
+more than twice the number invited had arrived, it was found necessary to
+omit that part of the entertainment. However, the doctor sent her servants
+the following day to distribute the cakes and fruits among those for whom
+they had been provided. That the guests had enjoyed themselves was evident
+when the next Christmas drew near, for many either sent to Dr. Hue, or came
+themselves, to remind her not to forget to invite them to the Christmas
+entertainment. Nor did a single guest fail to appear on Christmas evening.
+
+If a physician's chief reward is the gratitude and appreciation of those
+among whom he works, Dr. Hue is indeed rewarded for her self-forgetful
+service of those whom she lovingly terms "my Chinese." Appreciation of the
+work she is doing is convincingly shown by the way in which the people
+flock to her, and in their great eagerness to have the hospital kept open
+the year around. This has proved to be impossible, although every summer
+Dr. Hue has made an effort to continue the work, being willing to toil even
+through the intense heat of July and August, and, since the students must
+be given a vacation, with only half her usual corps of assistants. One
+summer she wrote with gratitude that the thermometer in her bedroom
+registered only 93 deg. that day, after two weeks of 99 deg. and even 100 deg., and
+added, "It would do you good if you could see how grateful these people are
+to see us keeping our hospital open; and we are very glad to be able to do
+something for them in this very trying hot season."
+
+But the intense heat of a South China summer and the things that it brings
+with it, make it impossible to keep the work going continuously in the
+present crowded quarters. Often it is the dreaded plague which necessitates
+the closing of the hospital doors. One morning Dr. Hue heard that the
+neighbour directly across the street from the hospital had been stricken
+with this fatal disease. She closed the hospital at once, and put up a
+notice telling the patients why it was necessary to close, and assuring
+them that she would begin work again as soon as it was safe to do so. The
+next morning the notice had disappeared, and another one which was put up
+disappeared as promptly. An explanation of this was afforded Dr. Hue, by a
+remark which she overheard: "How can we stand having this hospital closed?
+We took the notice down in hope that the hospital would be opened." But
+when the plague is prevalent, the closing of the hospital is the only safe
+course to pursue; for one person, coming into the dispensary suffering from
+this disease, may do more harm in a few minutes than could be undone in
+many weeks.
+
+A common and gracious way of expressing appreciation in China is the
+presentation of an honorary tablet, to be set up in one's reception room,
+on which is written an appreciation of the achievements of the recipient.
+These are constantly bestowed upon Dr. Hue by those patients who are wealthy
+enough to express their gratitude in this fashion.
+
+A few years ago fire broke out in the middle of the night not far from the
+hospital. It burned up to the west wall of the hospital and all along the
+length of the wall, completely destroying all the houses in front of it.
+Then it was that the Chinese gave expression in very concrete form to their
+appreciation of their fellow-countrywoman, and the work which she was doing
+in that hospital. Dr. Hue says that the building might have been reduced to
+ashes in a moment had it not been for the faithful efforts of those who
+"were more willing to have their faces scorched and burned than to leave
+their work undone," and who laboured to such effect that nothing but the
+roof was seriously damaged. After the danger was over the people poured in
+to express their sympathy, and offer their congratulations that the damage
+was no greater, some of them bringing pots of tea and dishes of food. "This
+may not seem very wonderful to the people in a Christian country," says Dr.
+Hue, "but if you knew how the people usually are treated at such times you
+will agree with me when I say 'Wonderful.'" Fire is usually interpreted as
+an expression of the displeasure of the gods, and it is considered discreet
+not to interfere.
+
+Appreciation of Dr. Hue's work is not limited to any one class of people.
+One day when she was watching the laying of the foundation of her home on
+Black Rock Hill, many of the people who lived near were gathered around,
+and she thought it would be a good opportunity to see how they felt about
+her coming there. So she asked an old "literary man" standing near her,
+"Ibah, are you glad to see us building? We will soon be your neighbours."
+Without any hesitation he replied, while the others signified hearty
+approval of his remarks: "We are all delighted. It is a hospital, and very
+different from building a church. _I-seng_ (doctor), you have made many
+cures in our families. Of course you don't remember us, but even after the
+transmigration to either dog or hog we will remember you. You may be sure
+you are welcomed, only we are not good enough to be your neighbours." After
+the doctor had left, her chair-bearers told her that the people really
+meant what they said; for they had heard them say similar things when she
+was not there. Dr. Hue added, "I do feel very sorry that these people are
+still ignorant that a mission hospital is a part of the church, but they
+will know some day."
+
+Nor has appreciation of the work been limited to words. From the
+magistrates down, the Chinese have readily subscribed gifts of money to the
+hospital work. Even the Chinese physicians, who have found Dr. Hue's
+scientific training so formidable a rival to their practice, have exhibited
+a most friendly spirit. Dr. Hue says of them: "The Chinese doctors have
+bravely brought their patients for us to heal. Some of them are well-known
+doctors in the city here, so their coming to us helps our work a good
+deal. These doctors are not at all conceited. They talk very openly and
+frankly before everybody."
+
+That Dr. Hue is genuinely loved by her patients, and not valued simply as
+one from whom benefits are received, was evidenced during her mother's long
+last illness. During the many months when her mother was so ill, the doctor
+made the long trip of several miles, from her hospital to her home, almost
+every night, returning each day for her morning clinics. This, and her care
+of her mother, added to all her other work, made such heavy days that the
+patients often said: "Dr. Hue must be very tired. We must save her from
+working too hard."
+
+This, however, is more easily said than done; for Dr. Hue's sympathetic
+heart makes it very hard for her to spare herself as long as any one needs
+her help. For nine years after taking charge of the Woolston Memorial
+Hospital she worked almost unceasingly, with practically no vacations
+except those caused by the necessity of closing the hospital in the summer,
+and these she made as brief as possible. But during all this time the work
+had been steadily increasing, until finally, in 1907, when the number who
+thronged the hospital and dispensary was greater than ever before, the
+doctor's health broke down under the strain, and, although with the
+greatest reluctance, she was forced to stop work. Her fellow-missionaries
+insisted that she leave the city during the terrific heat of summer, and go
+to Sharp Peak for some rest. She had been there only two days when she was
+taken dangerously ill, and for weeks and months the gravest anxiety was
+felt concerning her. But she received the best of care and nursing, and
+finally, in March of the following year, she began gradually to recover.
+
+Some advised that the hospital be closed. But Dr. Hue's younger sister, Hue
+Seuk Eng, who had received her medical training in the Woolston Memorial
+Hospital under Dr. Hue King Eng, and had been associated with her sister in
+the hospital work for some years, said that to close the hospital would be
+a great shock to Dr. Hue, and a bitter disappointment to the people, and
+that she would undertake to keep it open. "The load was indeed very heavy
+and my heart was truly frightened," she admitted afterward. "Every day I
+just repeated that comforting verse, 'He leadeth me,' and marched forward."
+
+At first the people did not have the confidence in Hue Seuk Eng which they
+had in Dr. Hue King Eng. Hue Seuk Eng tells of their great eagerness to see
+her sister: "The faith of many of the patients has been so strong that they
+thought their illness would at once be cured, or at least lessened, if they
+could only touch Dr. Hue's garment or hear her voice, or merely look into
+her face. During these months of sickness many people came wishing to see
+'the great Dr. Hue.' They did not want to see me, whom they termed 'the
+little Dr. Hue.' Some of the leading gentry pleaded with the hospital
+servants to present their cards to Dr. Hue, and she would be sure to come
+out to see their sick friends. For it is fully nine years since she was
+appointed to take charge of this city work, and never once has she been so
+ill. Indeed, it is the first time she has not been able to respond to
+pressing calls for medical treatment. So often were heard the words, 'I
+want the doctor whose hair is dressed on the top of her head and who has
+graduated from an American college,' that my fellow workers advised the
+same coiffure in order to avoid trouble; but I told them when the question
+was asked again just to answer, 'This is Dr. Hue's younger sister, and she
+will do the best she can.'"
+
+As Dr. Hue grew stronger she was able to consult with her sister as to the
+hospital work; the nurses and students gave the young physician
+whole-hearted co-operation; and in time of need Dr. Kinnear, of the
+American Board, whose hospital is not far away, was always ready to advise
+and help. Thus the hospital work was successfully carried on under the
+"Great Dr. Hue's sister, Dr. Hue No. 2," until Dr. Hue King Eng was again able
+to take charge of it.
+
+As busy as ever, Dr. Hue is back at her work with renewed strength. "I just
+'look up and lend a hand,'" she says, in the words of the motto of The
+King's Daughters' Society of her college. But hundreds and thousands of the
+suffering ones of her country rise up to call her blessed for the loving,
+skilful ministry of that hand which has been lent to their needs untiringly
+for many years, and which they hope will be their strength and comfort for
+years to come.
+
+That her friends in America recognize the splendid service she is rendering
+in China, is evidenced by the fact that at its last Commencement her Alma
+Mater, Ohio Wesleyan University, conferred upon her the honorary degree of
+Master of Science.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MRS. AHOK
+
+  I. THE MISTRESS OF A HOME OF WEALTH
+
+ II. WORK AMONG THE WOMEN OF THE UPPER CLASSES
+
+III. A JOURNEY TO ENGLAND
+
+ IV. PATIENT IN TRIBULATION
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: Mrs. Ahok and Her Two Granddaughters]
+
+
+
+
+MRS. AHOK
+
+I
+
+THE MISTRESS OF A HOME OF WEALTH
+
+
+One of the most prominent men in Foochow during the latter half of the last
+century was Mr. Ahok, a wealthy Chinese merchant. One who had known him for
+years speaks of him as "a man of remarkable business integrity and
+generosity of nature." He was very friendly to the Americans and English
+living in Foochow, and Dr. Baldwin, of the Methodist Mission, was, during
+all his stay in China, Mr. Ahok's most trusted friend and adviser. Mrs.
+Baldwin gives a very attractive picture of this Chinese gentleman:
+
+    "When any great calamity through fire or flood came to the people,
+    he was quick to respond with the most liberal aid; and I have known
+    him in times of cholera or epidemic sickness to have thousands of
+    packages of medicine put up by our foreign physicians, for him to
+    give to the sick people. In all our acquaintance with him I never
+    knew him to turn a deaf ear to an appeal for help; in a
+    neighbouring city he supported alone a foundling asylum, in which
+    were one hundred little castaway girls to whom he supplied nurses,
+    clothing, etc., and he assured us that no one besides Mr. Baldwin
+    and myself knew of it. He had for some time been accustomed to come
+    to advise and consult Mr. Baldwin on various matters, and when
+    going away would give him a power of attorney to sign for the
+    firm."
+
+When Mr. Ahok was married, he urged Dr. and Mrs. Baldwin to be present at
+the ceremony, and gave them the privilege of bringing foreign friends with
+them if they so desired. His wife was a member of a family of high rank,
+the sister of a mandarin, and the possessor of an aristocratic little foot
+two inches and a half long. Outside of those educated in the mission
+schools, she was the first Chinese woman that Mrs. Baldwin had met who
+could read and write. One day not long after the wedding, Dr. Baldwin met
+Mr. Ahok, and disregarding the Chinese custom which makes it a breach of
+etiquette to inquire after a man's wife, asked about Mrs. Ahok. Mr. Ahok at
+once answered with evident pride, "She all the same one mandarin; she reads
+books all the day." He was very proud of her unusual ability, and the
+confidence and sympathy which soon existed between him and his wife was
+much greater than is usual in a non-Christian home in China. Mrs. Ahok
+shared her husband's warm feeling for his foreign friends. The words of
+Mrs. Baldwin, who knew her intimately, characterize her well:
+
+    "She was, from my first meeting with her, ever a friend of me and
+    mine.... She was a woman of strong character, of fine personal
+    appearance, always attired in elegant dress, and so perfect in her
+    observance of the elaborate code of Chinese etiquette that it was
+    ever a marvel to me how she remembered the smallest details of the
+    exacting courtesy, never failing to meet the terse and telling
+    instruction of the standard book on etiquette for girls and women,
+    'As a guest demand nothing, as a hostess exhaust courtesy....' The
+    better I knew her the more I esteemed her."
+
+Mr. Ahok had two beautiful homes in Foochow; one a very fine Chinese house,
+the other an English residence, elegantly furnished with carpets, pictures,
+piano, and all other foreign furnishings required for comfort and beauty.
+In these two homes he and his wife entertained with great hospitality. Mrs.
+Baldwin says that she has often seen almost the entire foreign community of
+Foochow, officials, missionaries, and business people, entertained in the
+Ahoks' home, sometimes in Chinese fashion, sometimes in foreign. It is, of
+course, contrary to Chinese custom for the mistress of the home to appear
+before gentlemen outside of her own family. Mrs. Ahok, however, knowing
+that it was the custom in England and America for the hostess to dispense
+hospitality to her guests, gradually accustomed herself to appearing as
+hostess at all gatherings where there were foreign guests; first at small
+dinners, and later in larger companies. One who was a frequent guest in the
+home says, "It was a constant surprise to me to see this Chinese lady, so
+accustomed to seclusion, ever so modestly self-possessed, and in courteous,
+ladylike bearing, equal to every occasion."
+
+But although ready to conform to foreign custom when entertaining foreign
+guests in her home, it was several years before Mrs. Ahok was willing to
+attend similar gatherings in other homes. She frequently called at the home
+of her friend, Mrs. Baldwin, but never when there were strangers there. On
+one occasion when Mrs. Baldwin was entertaining a few guests at dinner, she
+invited Mr. Ahok to dine with them. He accepted readily, and Mrs. Baldwin
+went on to say: "We very much desire that Mrs. Ahok should come with you.
+We know your customs, but you have known us for a long time. Cannot Mrs.
+Ahok make an exception and come on this occasion?" He seemed very much
+troubled and replied: "I would very greatly like to have my wife come, and
+she would enjoy doing so, and if there were no one here but Mr. Baldwin and
+you she would come. But other men will be here, and if she came her chair
+bearers would know it and her name be injured."
+
+As has been seen, Mr. Ahok was always very friendly to the missionaries and
+in sympathy with their work. The Anglo-Chinese College of the Methodist
+Mission, for example, was made possible by his generous gift. But it was
+some years before he became a Christian. When the step was finally taken,
+however, he proved to be a most ardent worker, giving generously to the
+work of several denominations in various parts of China, holding Christian
+services in his home, and doing earnest personal work among those with whom
+he came in contact in the transaction of his business, both in Foochow and
+on his trips to other cities.
+
+Mrs. Ahok was a very devout Buddhist and had no desire at all to learn of
+Christianity. She was, however, eager to learn English, and consented to
+learn it through the Bible, since Miss Foster, the English missionary who
+had been asked to instruct her in English, would consent to give time from
+her other work only on that condition. "I have often found her with the
+house full of idols, incense being burned before them," reads a letter from
+one of her friends. "Our hearts were often discouraged, fearing that this
+Chinese lady would always love the idols." Even after her husband had
+become a Christian Mrs. Ahok insisted that she would never forsake the
+worship of her ancestors and follow the foreign religion. "But," said Mrs.
+Baldwin, "I felt very sure that a woman of her mind and character would yet
+follow her husband into the better life. Within a year after, she became a
+most earnest, loving, working disciple of Christ, ready to deny herself and
+bear her cross in many ways most trying to a Chinese lady."
+
+Both Mrs. Ahok and her husband had intense opposition to meet, for it was
+not to be expected that members of families of such high rank should
+forsake the religion of their fathers without encountering bitter protest
+from their kindred. The opposition of mother and mother-in-law, both of
+whom lived in the home with them, was especially hard to bear. Mrs. Ahok's
+mother was intensely hostile to Christianity, and did everything possible
+to make things so unpleasant for her daughter that she would renounce her
+new faith. Mr. Ahok's mother was no less opposed at first; but gradually
+she became more willing to learn about Christianity, and for some time
+alternated between her idol worship and the Sunday and mid-week services
+and family prayers which Mr. Ahok held in his home. At length, after having
+thus compared the two religions for some time, she announced: "You may take
+my idol away. Hereafter your God shall be my God." From that time on she
+was a radiant Christian, and it was not long until Mrs. Ahok's mother
+followed her example.
+
+At the time of the death of Mr. Ahok's mother, there occurred an
+interesting example of the way in which a Chinese can become an earnest
+Christian without becoming less Chinese thereby. In that part of China the
+wealthy families, and many of those of the middle classes, begin on the
+seventh day after a death a series of "meritorious" ceremonies for the
+repose and general benefit of the soul of the departed. In one form or
+another the ceremonies are repeated every seventh day thereafter until the
+forty-ninth day. Buddhist or Taoist priests are hired to conduct the
+ceremonies. Mr. Ahok, probably partly that he might not antagonize his
+relatives and friends by a disregard of their funeral customs, partly
+because of the opportunity for spreading the knowledge of Christianity
+thus afforded, followed the custom of having such a gathering every seventh
+day. But instead of non-Christian ceremonies being held, the truths of
+Christianity were preached.
+
+Mrs. Ahok proved to be as active a worker as was her husband. When she had
+been a Christian only a very short time, the leader for the Friday night
+meeting held in their home failed to arrive. Evidently her husband was away
+on one of his business trips, for there was no one else there who could
+take charge of the service. So Mrs. Ahok said, "I will lead it, though I am
+not very well instructed in the doctrines of Christianity." In telling of
+it afterward she said: "I read about the woman who lost the piece of money
+and took a candle and searched for it; and about the sheep that was lost
+and found; and then there was singing and prayer; and I spoke to them, and
+I was able to speak a great deal for them to hear. God helped me and
+blessed me greatly in the service."
+
+Soon after she had become a Christian she wrote a letter to the Woman's
+Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Church, to be read at their
+annual meeting. In it she says: "The time for your meeting is so near that
+thoughts of it are constantly in my heart.... We have meetings in our
+_hong_ (store), and also meetings in our house every Friday evening. The
+praise for leading us to know the doctrine, and open the meetings, is all
+due to the sisters who have not minded that the road to China led them so
+away from their own country, but have come to teach us of Christianity.
+Although I do not presume to say that my heart has been deeply sown with
+gospel seed, yet I know that it has been changed into a different heart....
+Now I send you this letter of greeting, thanking you for your favours, and
+praising you for your great virtues. May God bless your fervour and spread
+abroad the doctrine of Christianity in my country. This is what I always
+pray."
+
+
+
+
+II
+
+WORK AMONG THE WOMEN OF THE UPPER CLASSES
+
+
+Interested in every form of Christian service, Mrs. Ahok was especially
+eager to share the joy of her new-found faith with the women of her own
+class, the wealthy aristocratic ladies whose secluded lives were so barren
+and empty, and to whom it was so difficult for a missionary to obtain
+access. She threw herself with whole-hearted eagerness into the work of the
+Church of England Zenana Society, whose mission is to these very women, and
+many are the testimonies to the inestimable value of the work which she
+did. As one of the missionaries wrote: "She is of immense usefulness in
+getting the houses open, as she knows the high-class families, and is
+intensely earnest herself that her fellow-countrywomen should receive the
+glad news too. Her knowledge of the endless Chinese etiquette and customs,
+too, is of great service." How difficult it would have been to carry on
+work of this kind successfully without the help of a Chinese lady of the
+"four hundred," can be judged from the accounts of the work which the
+missionaries wrote home from time to time.
+
+[Illustration: Reception Rooms in Chinese Homes of Wealth]
+
+    "We have paid our first visit to some of the rich families in the
+    city. Mrs. Ahok sent a coolie on the day before to ask if they
+    could see us, and they having signified their willingness, we
+    agreed to meet Mrs. Ahok and go with her. We had some dinner at 12
+    o'clock, as the city is so far away it takes a great deal of time
+    to go, and then started in our sedan chairs to meet Mrs. Ahok. We
+    found her ready, waiting for us, dressed in a most lovely coral
+    pink jacket, beautifully embroidered, and with very pretty
+    ornaments in her hair...."
+
+    "After an hour and a half's ride through the narrow, crowded
+    streets of the suburbs we reached the city gates; then through more
+    streets even more thronged, till we reached the house. We were
+    carried through the large outer door, then through a small
+    courtyard, and our chairs put down in a row facing the partition
+    which shut off the next portion of the house. There we had to sit
+    some little time, as I fancy the ladies had not quite finished
+    dressing, but at last out came one of the heads of the family and
+    invited us in. We got out of our chairs and in turn made a sort of
+    low bow to the newcomer, shaking our own hands (Chinese fashion)
+    all the time. This over, she escorted us into an inner room....
+    There was a rug on the floor, a round table, some very high chairs
+    with straight backs, and some mirrors. We sat in state some few
+    minutes and then more ladies came in one after another, and each
+    one we had to salute in the same ceremonious way...."
+
+    "We had to drink tea when we first went in, and later quite a meal
+    was spread on the round table, cakes, fruits, and tea again. We sat
+    at the table with about three of the principal ladies, and the
+    others looked on. I was a good deal struck with the respectful way
+    the young women treat the older ones, always rising when they enter
+    the room, and remaining standing until they are seated.... We were
+    invited to go and inspect the house, and I was soon quite
+    bewildered at the number of courtyards with rooms all round, which
+    we were led through. I think I was never before in so large a house
+    in China, all one story, but it must cover a great deal of ground.
+    The number of people, too, seemed very great; wives, sons' wives,
+    brothers' wives, children in dozens and scores, servants and slave
+    girls to any number--altogether in that one establishment, one
+    hundred and twenty people."
+
+    "At last we finished our tour of inspection, and arrived again in
+    the inner court; but alas! more refreshments were waiting, a bowl
+    of soup for each of us, with some white stuff inside.... We got
+    through the greater part of the concoction, wiped our mouths with a
+    cloth wrung out in very hot water presented to us by a slave girl,
+    and began to take our leave, bowed to the ladies of the house,
+    begged them to be seated, informed them that we had given them
+    much trouble, but felt grateful for their kindness, and amid
+    repeated requests to 'walk slowly, slowly,' we reached our chairs,
+    alternately calling our thanks, and requests to them to be seated.
+    It is a great thing, going with Mrs. Ahok, for one has a good
+    opportunity of learning many little customs which please them
+    greatly."
+
+    "We then proceeded to another house, where we went through much the
+    same etiquette. We were received by a very pleasant old lady and
+    her daughter-in-law, a nice young woman with four dear little
+    children, three of them boys. The old lady is a widow; her husband
+    when living was a mandarin, and her eldest son is now at Peking,
+    preparing to be a mandarin also. We were obliged to drink tea
+    again, and after some time the old lady invited us into her own
+    bedroom, a very much cleaner room than one sees generally, with
+    white matting on the floor and some good furniture. She was very
+    proud of it, but according to Chinese fashion kept exclaiming that
+    it was such a dirty bad room, that she could hardly ask us into it,
+    but we must excuse it, as it was 'an old woman's room.' We had the
+    concertina brought in again and sang several hymns to which they
+    listened very quietly. One of us read a verse and explained it
+    before singing it, and Mrs. Ahok joined heartily, most bravely
+    acknowledging herself to be a Christian, and telling her friends
+    how happy she was. We then went through the house, and about the
+    middle of the establishment we came on a little enclosure where
+    trees were growing, and a pond of water with a rookery behind it
+    looked quite pretty.... When we left they begged us to come again,
+    and Mrs. Ahok is so pleased with the reception we received that she
+    is anxious, if possible, to arrange for us to go again next week."
+
+Even more formidable than ceremonious social calls in wealthy Chinese
+homes, is the thought of entertaining the aristocracy in one's own home.
+
+    "I want to tell you about our grand feast," one lady writes. "We
+    had been entertained at several houses, and wished to try to get on
+    more friendly terms with some of the rich city ladies. We feared
+    that they would never be willing to come so far, they so seldom
+    leave their houses for anything. However, through our unfailing
+    friend, Mrs. Ahok, we sent invitations asking them to come and dine
+    with us.... Sixteen ladies promised to come. The day before, we had
+    to remind them of the day and hour; but according to Chinese
+    etiquette we only sent our cards, and the messenger explained his
+    errand...."
+
+    "Well, at last the day arrived, and we were busy all the morning
+    making the house look as bright as we could, and getting chairs put
+    about in the verandas and passages. Mrs. Ahok came first, very
+    kindly, and advised us how best to set the tables, etc. She ordered
+    the feast for us, as the Chinese always do, from a shop. So much
+    is paid for a table and everything is provided. Mrs. Ahok lent us
+    all her own pretty things for the table, lovely little silver cups,
+    ornamented silver spoons, red china tea cups with silver stands,
+    and ivory chopsticks mounted with silver; so we were very grand. We
+    had two tables, ten at each. We were twenty in all, counting
+    ourselves."
+
+    "At last they began to arrive, and we were kept busy receiving, and
+    conducting them to their seats in the drawing-room. Tea had to be
+    offered at once, and that was hard to manage as none of our men
+    servants might come into the room; so Tuang had to do it all. I do
+    wish you could have peeped in and seen them all sitting about our
+    drawing-room. To us it was a sight that made our hearts dance for
+    joy--and it was a pretty sight too. Some dresses were quite lovely,
+    all the colours of the rainbow, and beautifully embroidered...."
+
+    "Next on the programme came what the Chinese call '_Tieng sieng_,'
+    fruit and cakes; and during the interval they wandered all over the
+    house examining everything, and we moved about, talking first to
+    one and then to another. Several little things much encouraged
+    us--their friendly, pleasant manner and evident pleasure, and the
+    earnest way in which they pressed us to go again to visit them. One
+    old lady, of a rich mandarin family, said to me in a confidential
+    way, behind her fan: 'Come and see me some day when you have plenty
+    of time, and tell me all about the doctrine, slowly, slowly. I
+    would like to understand about it.'"
+
+    "At last the feast was announced, and then came the critical
+    point--seating them at table. One table is supposed to be high, the
+    other low, in point of honour, and at each table the seats are all
+    in order (one, two, three, four, etc.), and it is a mortal offence
+    to give a low seat to one who should be placed high. Mrs. Ahok came
+    to our aid again and pointed out each lady according to her rank
+    and Miss ---- escorted her to her place. We ourselves had, of
+    course, to take the lowest places."
+
+    "Mrs. Ahok then asked a blessing and we began. The principal dish
+    is placed in the centre of the table and the hostess with her own
+    chopsticks helps the guests, all the time urging them to eat, and
+    apologizing for the food, saying she is sorry she has nothing fit
+    for them to eat. Mrs. Ahok did the chief part of these duties for
+    us, and we tried to watch her and do as she did. About two hours we
+    sat at the table, and at last, when we were nearly exhausted,
+    bowls of hot water were brought in, and a cloth wrung out was
+    handed to each person to wash her mouth and hands. The effect on
+    these powdered and painted faces was very funny, but Mrs. Ahok had
+    prepared us for this emergency also, and had sent over her own
+    dressing box--such a beautiful large one--fitted up with everything
+    they could need, powders, paints, and all complete. The ladies were
+    quite charmed and delighted to find such a thing in a foreign
+    house, and adjourned upstairs with great delight to beautify
+    themselves. We heard them telling each other that it was just as
+    if they had been at home...."
+
+    "At length they said they must go, and we had great leave-taking,
+    bowing and scraping, and thanks, and apologies for having troubled
+    us so much, and assurances on our part that it was all pleasure;
+    and finally off they went, and we sat down to cool ourselves, and
+    drink tea, and chat with Mrs. Ahok. She was very glad and thankful
+    that all went off so well, but quite tired after her exertions, and
+    sat holding her poor little bound feet in her hands, saying they
+    did ache so."
+
+
+
+
+III
+
+A JOURNEY TO ENGLAND
+
+
+One day when Mrs. Ahok went to call on one of her English friends, Miss
+Bradshaw, she was startled to find that the physician had ordered her to
+leave for England on the next steamer, sailing three days later. "I wish
+you could go with me, Mrs. Ahok," Miss Bradshaw said, when she had told her
+of the physician's decision. This was a very remarkable suggestion to make
+to this little Chinese woman, whose life had been such a secluded one that
+a few years before she would not even accept an invitation to dinner with
+the Baldwins, since there were to be foreign gentlemen present. Only a
+short time before, when the Baldwins were returning to America and Mrs.
+Ahok had gone with them, on her husband's launch, to the steamer anchorage,
+twelve miles away, they had considered it a great honour, since this
+Chinese friend had never been so far from home before. But Mrs. Ahok's
+response was even more remarkable than Miss Bradshaw's proposition; for in
+three days her little Chinese trunks packed and ticketed, "Dublin,
+Ireland." Mr. Ahok had heartily consented to his wife's going; and she,
+unwilling to have her sick friend take the long journey alone, and mindful
+of the service she might perform for her people in England, by telling of
+their need and pleading for workers, quickly decided to go.
+
+A letter from a friend who was with her the day she sailed shows the spirit
+with which she took this remarkable step: "I was impressed with two things;
+her implicit confidence in her missionary friend, and her sweet, innocent
+trust in the love and care of her Heavenly Father. She was leaving an
+elegant home and a large household, and in giving last advice to servants
+and children her voice was clear and joyous, but I noticed that she often
+furtively wiped the tears off her cheeks. In her good-bye to her dearly
+loved aged mother, whose grief was inconsolable, she said: 'Don't grieve,
+don't worry, just pray and God will take care of me and I will come back.
+Then we will sit here together and I will have so many things to tell you.'
+Again and again she said to her children, 'Study your lessons diligently
+and pray night and morning.'"
+
+Mrs. Ahok sailed from Foochow the 26th of January, 1890. At Hong Kong she
+was told, "There are a hundred miseries ahead of you," but she answered
+unflinchingly, "If there were a thousand more I would go." From Singapore
+she wrote to her husband:
+
+    "Yesterday we arrived here at twelve o'clock. Diong Chio (her
+    servant, who accompanied her) wishes very much to go back to
+    Foochow. But I think now I have come so far on the way, I wish very
+    much to obey God's will and go on to England.... Yesterday we drove
+    in a horse carriage to see Mrs. Cooke. We saw Mrs. Ting's relatives
+    in the school.... It is very hot here, like Foochow in the sixth
+    moon. I wish you very much to take care of yourself and take care
+    of the children, and do not let them play too much.... I send
+    _chang angs_ (greetings) to the Christian brothers and sisters, so
+    many I cannot name them all, but greet them all. Please sometimes
+    comfort my mother's heart and cheer her that she may be happy in
+    trusting in God all the time. Write to me in Chinese characters,
+    and I can then read it myself; or sometimes, if more convenient, in
+    English, and Miss Bradshaw will read it to me."
+
+A letter from Penang, written two days later, reads:
+
+    "Leaving Singapore, a Chinese lady and gentleman came on board our
+    boat to come to their home here in Penang. I saw the lady was very
+    sad ... so I talked with them, and found they knew your friend in
+    Singapore. I spoke to them of God and the Christian doctrine, and
+    they were very glad to hear. When we arrived here they invited me
+    to their house to breakfast, which was quite a feast. Their house
+    is very beautiful, four stories high. They afterward took me to
+    call on some friends, and then brought me back to the boat on
+    time."
+
+At Colombo she and Miss Bradshaw were met by Miss Bradshaw's sister and
+brother-in-law, whose home was in that city. Mrs. Ahok wrote from there:
+
+    "We are staying two days and two nights, until our boat starts for
+    England.... In the evening when it was cool our friends took us to
+    drive, and to call on some Christian people. We saw carriages and
+    horses, so many, running _so_ fast; and the roads and streets are
+    _so_ wide many carriages can go together on them. We passed many
+    black people; nearly all the people are black. We saw many women
+    and girls with their ears full and covered with ear-rings, and some
+    in their noses too, and some _men_ also wear ear-rings. I see the
+    black people, I think how wonderful God's love must be, to give His
+    Son to die for _all the world_, these black people as well as for
+    us. The friends here said they were glad I was going to England to
+    tell the people there about the heathen. They promised all to pray
+    for me, and I want you also to pray that I may fulfil God's will,
+    and do much for God's kingdom in England, and then come back
+    quickly home."
+
+    "It is very hot here, but the evenings and early mornings are cool.
+    Every one goes out to work, or walk, or drive, from daybreak until
+    the sun is hot, and breakfast at ten o'clock. I want to know, when
+    you write, what Heli is doing; and now I am away from home you will
+    take great care of all the children. Please _chang ang_ all friends
+    and relatives, and Dr. and Mrs. Sites, and take great care of
+    yourself, that when I return I may find all well. Tell me how the
+    boys are, and don't allow Jimmy to climb the trees. Comfort my
+    mother and tell her all I have written."
+
+Mrs. Ahok was the second Chinese lady of rank to visit England, the first
+one being the wife of the Chinese ambassador. She was the first Christian
+Chinese woman England had ever known, and everywhere excited much interest
+and won warm friends. _The Christian_ of London gives an account of a
+meeting held in the Parochial Hall at Clontarf near Dublin, at which the
+chairman proposed the following resolution:
+
+    "This meeting having assembled to welcome Miss Bradshaw on her
+    return from China; and having learned the extraordinary friendship,
+    tenderness, and devotedness of her Chinese friend, the Honourable
+    Lady of Diong Ahok, mandarin of Foochow, who had at a few hours'
+    notice decided to break through national customs and leave her home
+    and family, rather than allow Miss Bradshaw to undertake the
+    journey alone; hereby records its unbounded admiration of such
+    Christian sympathy, and brave and generous conduct; and they trust
+    that her own and her husband's desire that her visit may excite
+    fresh Christian workers to go to China, may be abundantly
+    fulfilled."
+
+The report of the meeting goes on to say:
+
+    "This resolution being carried, Miss Bradshaw intimated to Lady
+    Ahok the purport of what had taken place, and asked her to say a
+    few words of acknowledgment. Accordingly, with the greatest
+    simplicity and self-possession she said (each word of her sentences
+    being translated by Miss Bradshaw) that she was very glad to meet
+    them all, and was very thankful to have been brought to England;
+    that her faith in God had enabled her to come."
+
+The Tenth Annual meeting of the Church of England Zenana Society was held
+in Princes Hall, London, during Mrs. Ahok's visit to England, and she was
+one of the principal speakers. In spite of heavy and incessant rain the
+audience began to assemble before the doors were open. Numbers stood
+throughout, and many more failed to gain admission. Standing quietly before
+the large audience, Mrs. Ahok gave her message so effectively that when
+she sat down, the chairman, Sir Charles N. Aitchison, exclaimed: "Did you
+ever hear a more simple, more touching appeal under such circumstances? I
+never did."
+
+Stating the purpose of her visit to England Mrs. Ahok said:
+
+    "I have come from China--from Foochow--and come to England for what
+    business and what purpose? The road here was _very_ difficult,
+    sitting in a boat for so long! Very tiresome it was, to be on the
+    rough sea, with wind and waves for the first time! My servant Diong
+    Chio and I have come here. We are strangers! We raise our eyes and
+    look on people's faces, but we can see no one we know--no relative,
+    no one like ourselves--all truly strange! I left my little boy, my
+    husband, my mother--all this: for what purpose, do you think? It is
+    only entirely for the sake of Christ's Gospel that I have come."
+
+    "It is not for the sake of seeing a new place and new people, or
+    any beautiful thing; we have in China quite close to us new
+    places--beautiful places. I have never seen _them_ yet; so why
+    should I come so far to see other places? They may be very good to
+    see, but not for this could I leave my household and people. I
+    cannot speak your words, I do not know any one, and your food is
+    quite different from ours: nothing is at all the same as that to
+    which I am accustomed...."
+
+    "... It was God's Holy Spirit that led me to come. He wanted me to
+    do what? Not to amuse _myself_, but to ask and invite _you_ to come
+    to China to tell the doctrine of Christ. How could you know the
+    needs of China without hearing them? How could you hear unless I
+    came to tell you? Now you can know, for I say the harvest in China
+    is _very_ great, but the labourers are _so_ few. Now my great
+    desire is that the Gospel of Christ may be known on earth as it is
+    in heaven. It is not yet known in China, and because the great
+    houses have not yet heard the Gospel, all their money is spent on
+    the idols, sacrifices, and burning incense."
+
+    "In this country _some_ help to spread the Gospel, some go to other
+    countries to tell those who have never heard, but some (a great
+    many) are not helping in any way: though they have all heard
+    themselves, they are living here only to obey their own wills, for
+    their own pleasure in this world! How pitiable! We all know the
+    Gospel of Christ; let us then not follow the heathen (who have
+    never heard) in caring for the things of this world. The Bible
+    says, 'If a man receives all the riches of this world, and loses
+    his own soul' (and the souls of many others), 'what can it profit
+    him?'..."
+
+    "I am only here for a very little, then I must go back to Foochow,
+    where there are so many large houses full of ladies; the workers
+    are so very few now. At this time only one _ku-niong_ is there to
+    visit all the great city houses. She is not enough to visit so
+    many; and it is said that in these mandarin houses their ears have
+    never yet heard the doctrine.... Now I pray God to cause, whether
+    _ku-niongs_ (unmarried ladies) or _sing-sang-niongs_ (married
+    ladies), _quickly_ to go and enter these houses with the Gospel.
+    Now I ask you, raise up hot hearts in yourselves and quickly help
+    us."
+
+    "First. Will you come back to China with me?"
+
+    "Second. If _you_ cannot, will you cause others to come, by sending
+    them and doing what you can to help them to come?"
+
+Mrs. Ahok had planned for a six months' visit in England, but word came
+that her husband was ill, and she left in July, after a stay of a little
+less than four months, during which she had addressed large audiences in
+approximately one hundred meetings in England and Ireland. The impression
+she had made there may be gathered from a paragraph which appeared in
+_India's Women and China's Daughters_, after she had left:
+
+    "Those who saw Mrs. Ahok's earnest face, and listened to some of
+    the most simple and heart-stirring words ever heard on an English
+    platform, will recall the impression her plea for her countrywomen
+    then made.... If God should open the way for Mrs. Ahok again to
+    visit England, she will be welcomed as one who brought home the
+    reality of missions to many a conscience in England, and revived
+    the flagging spirits to zeal for the Lord of Hosts!"
+
+Mrs. Ahok went home by way of Canada, accompanied by Miss Mead, one of the
+new workers for whom she had been pleading. She did not realize how
+seriously ill her husband was, for he had written cheerfully: "Tell Mrs.
+Ahok that I have been a little ill for some weeks and that now I am staying
+at the Ato house. I find it very restful staying quietly at the old
+home.... Tell Mrs. Ahok, please, not to worry at all about me." On saying
+good-bye to friends in England Mrs. Ahok told them that she hoped to come
+again, and that the next time it would be with her husband. She was thus
+spared the keen anxiety throughout the long journey which she must have
+suffered, had she realized her husband's condition. She wrote back to Miss
+Bradshaw from Montreal, telling of her safe arrival and expressing her
+gratitude that although she and her maid had both suffered severely from
+sea-sickness, they had been well taken care of by "a woman who was a
+worshipper of God." At Vancouver she had to wait some days for her steamer,
+and she wrote from there on July 26:
+
+    "All well, all peace. From the time I left England a month has
+    passed away. I keep thinking constantly of the meetings in England
+    which we had together. Now we are in this place waiting for the
+    ship and therefore we had this very good opportunity for work. I
+    have been invited by the minister of the church here to speak at
+    meetings. I have done so six times. Because this is a new place,
+    and there are men and women who do not at all believe the Gospel,
+    but who like to hear about Chinese ways and customs, therefore they
+    all greatly wish me to go to these meetings. I think this is also
+    God's leading for us, that we could not proceed on our journey, but
+    must spend this time here.... To-day is Saturday; this afternoon at
+    half-past three we are to have another meeting; to-morrow we go on
+    board ship to return to China.... When you have an opportunity,
+    give my greetings to all my Christian friends."
+
+After Mrs. Ahok was back in China, she had a letter from the minister of
+the Methodist church in Vancouver telling her that three new missionary
+societies had been formed as a result of her few days' stay. He added,
+"Your stay here has been an inspiration to us; the fortnight has been one
+of blessing to us all."
+
+
+
+
+IV
+
+PATIENT IN TRIBULATION
+
+
+The long anticipated home-coming was a very sad one. During the hot summer
+months Mr. Ahok had grown steadily weaker, and he died almost three months
+before his wife reached Foochow. It was a great comfort to those who had
+been instrumental in arranging for Mrs. Ahok's trip to England to remember
+how fully her husband had approved of the plan. Miss Bradshaw said: "I
+shall never forget the bright way in which Mr. Ahok faced all the dangers
+and difficulties of the journey on which he was sending Mrs. Ahok. As he
+said good-bye at the anchorage, he said he did it gladly, for the sake of
+getting more workers for China." Not even when sick and suffering did he
+regret having let his wife go, although he missed her greatly. He wrote
+Miss Bradshaw, during his illness, "I realize how great God's grace is, in
+allowing Mrs. Ahok to visit England, and I am so thankful to all the
+Christian friends who have helped her and been kind to her."
+
+Mrs. Ahok's brother, her nephew, and Dr. Sites, who had long been a friend
+of hers and of Mr. Ahok's, met her with a houseboat at the steamer
+anchorage; and during the twelve-mile ride up the river, the sad news was
+told. The shock almost stunned Mrs. Ahok at first, but with realization
+came heart-rending grief. Miss Mead, the young missionary who had come from
+England with her, wrote soon after their arrival: "Yesterday afternoon I
+went with three of the ladies to see her. The expression on her face was
+altered and according to Chinese custom she was very shabbily dressed. Her
+jewels were taken off. She keeps saying, 'If I could only see him once more
+and tell him all I have done in England!'"
+
+Added to her grief for her husband, Mrs. Ahok had to bear the taunts and
+reproaches of her non-Christian relatives, who told her that all this
+trouble had come as a just punishment of the gods, because she had forsaken
+the religion of her ancestors, and violated the customs of her country in
+leaving it for so many months to visit a foreign land. Not only this, but
+taking advantage of her refusal to perform certain rites of non-Christian
+worship which are a part of the legal ceremony connected with the
+inheritance of property, they seized Mr. Ahok's estate, and the dainty
+little woman who had always been accustomed to every comfort, and even
+luxury, was left with little but the house in which she lived. Moreover a
+fresh sorrow followed close upon the first one, as her mother lived only a
+short time after her return.
+
+But in spite of these heavy burdens, the rare courage which had so often
+been evidenced before, soon began to reassert itself. Miss Mead was soon
+able to write: "Mrs. Ahok spoke a little at the Bible-women's meeting on
+Tuesday, and for the first time came here afterward and had a cup of tea,
+and saw my room. She is brighter, and I am glad to tell you that she was
+able to say that the peace of God was still hers. Jimmy Ahok (her little
+son) was present at Miss Davis' wedding." Nor was Mrs. Ahok too absorbed in
+her grief to remember her friend in her happiness, for little Jimmy carried
+with him a beautiful bunch of flowers for the bride.
+
+As soon as the news of Mr. Ahok's death reached England, a letter of
+sympathy signed by nearly five hundred of Mrs. Ahok's friends in England
+was sent to her. Its closing paragraph must have brought her comfort in the
+knowledge that her journey had not been made in vain:
+
+    "We bless God for your coming to England. We have learned to know
+    and love you. Your words are not forgotten. The seed God enabled
+    you to sow is already bearing some fruit, and will, we believe,
+    bring forth much more. One sister has gone with you; we send this
+    by the hands of three more. We know others who were led by your
+    words to offer themselves for Christ's work in China. Two of them
+    are now being trained for the mission field. This will cheer your
+    heart."
+
+To this, Mrs. Ahok replied:
+
+    "I thank you all very much for your sympathy, and for sending such
+    good words to comfort me. I rejoiced greatly to hear your words.
+    When I was in England I was a great trouble to you, and I must
+    thank you for all your kindness to me then...."
+
+    "After leaving England I reached Foochow at the end of the seventh
+    moon, and then heard that my beloved husband had left this world
+    and been called home by God to His kingdom in heaven. At that time
+    I was very sad and distressed, and my distress was the greater
+    because I had no one to carry on our business. Being anxious about
+    money matters, therefore, these many days, I have failed to reply
+    to your letter and to send you my salutations, and thank you all
+    for your great love."
+
+    "Now because I cannot carry on trade myself, therefore I have
+    determined to close our business and pay all debts; and the British
+    consul has kindly acted for me in this matter. My hope is that God
+    will enable me to sell this house in which I am living, and then I
+    shall have a competency. It is because I fear that I shall not have
+    enough to feed, clothe, and educate my children that I wish to sell
+    this house. As soon as I have done this I think I shall be able,
+    with the missionary ladies, to visit the houses of the gentry, and
+    have worship with the Chinese ladies, and exhort them all to
+    embrace Christianity. Thus I shall be doing the Lord's work. I
+    trust you will all pray for me, and trust that in some future time
+    an opportunity may be given me of again visiting England and
+    America to work for the Lord. This is the true desire of my heart."
+
+    "At this time I seem to have no heart to write, but I send this
+    letter to you to express my thanks. Another day I may write again.
+    My two little children send their greeting, and I add my own. After
+    my return home an additional trouble came upon me because my mother
+    was called home to God. But so far as she is concerned death must
+    be reckoned happiness. She with my husband, earlier than myself,
+    are enjoying the eternal bliss of heaven. I will thank you to give
+    my salutations to all the sisters and ministers whom I know."
+
+Mrs. Ahok soon began again the work among the upper class women which had
+been her great joy, heartily co-operating with both American and English
+missionaries in their efforts for these women. Miss Ruth Sites, of the
+American Methodist Mission, was very eager to do something for the young
+girls of this class, and Mrs. Ahok gladly lent her influence, with such
+effect that Miss Sites was enabled to start a small school. Here a good
+education was given to the daughters of the official class, and
+Christianity was so taught and lived that by the end of the second year all
+but two of the pupils were Christians. Miss Sites wrote also of the help
+that Mrs. Ahok gave in taking her to call in the homes which it would
+otherwise have been impossible for her to reach.
+
+The Church of England Mission had for some years maintained a school for
+the daughters of the Chinese Christians in Foochow; but a few years after
+Mrs. Ahok's return from England they began to feel the urgent need of
+another school, where girls from non-Christian families could be educated.
+When Mrs. Ahok's advice was asked, she heartily approved of the plan and
+advised that it be attempted, offering to rent her home to the Mission for
+a school building, and promising also to help in the teaching. Moreover she
+was invaluable in interesting her non-Christian friends in the school, and
+it rapidly grew from four to forty-five, with such prospects of future
+prosperity that the house next door to Mrs. Ahok's was also rented, and a
+new dormitory and dining-room were built.
+
+Girls brought up in non-Christian homes are of course very different from
+the daughters of Christian parents, and Mrs. Ahok warned the missionaries
+at the outset that they would be very difficult to manage, and herself drew
+up the school rules. Her services were of the greatest value, both in this
+school and in the School for High Class Girls established by the Church of
+England Zenana Society a few years later, of which she was made the matron.
+"She makes the girls love her, and her influence over them is good," wrote
+one of the teachers. "A fortnight ago some money was stolen out of a
+drawer. I was very sad about it, and the girls were urged to confess, but
+until yesterday no one spoke. Yesterday Amy told Mrs. Ahok that she had
+taken it and asked her to tell me." Again she wrote: "Mrs. Ahok makes a
+very good matron of the school, and an excellent hostess to the many
+visitors who come to see the school. Whenever an opening is given Mrs. Ahok
+and I return the call, and usually get good opportunities of delivering the
+message."
+
+Testimony is also borne to Mrs. Ahok's effective work among the mothers of
+the pupils of the school. One of her great joys is a weekly meeting in
+that wing of the Church Missionary Society's hospital which was erected in
+memory of her husband, and set aside for the use of women patients.
+
+Throughout her life of whole-hearted service for the women and girls of her
+country, Mrs. Ahok has been a most devoted mother to her adopted son,
+Charlie, and her own child, who was always known as Jimmy. The latter
+inherited his mother's quick mind, and made such a good record at the
+college which his father's generous gift had founded many years before,
+that after his graduation he was asked to return as one of the faculty. The
+beauty of his life was the crowning tribute to his mother. At a meeting
+held in Foochow, an American, who had recently come there as an insurance
+agent, told how much impressed he had been by a young Chinese to whom he
+had been talking, and added that if the Christian schools turned out young
+men like that, he thought the work was indeed worth while. The young man
+was Jimmy Ahok.
+
+In the summer of 1904 the young man's wife was very ill, and through the
+hot summer weeks he cared for her night and day with such devotion that his
+own health gave out. It was some time before he would admit that he was
+ill; but he was finally forced to succumb to a severe attack of pneumonia,
+which ended his life within a very few days. His only anxiety seemed to be
+that he had not done enough work for his non-Christian neighbours. "I have
+not tried enough to influence the neighbours," he told his mother. "When I
+get well I will have a service for them and teach them to worship God." His
+death was a great blow to his mother, but her work has again been her
+solace.
+
+One of her friends wrote to England, at the time of her son's death, that
+the thought that her friends in England would be praying for her was one of
+the greatest sources of comfort to Mrs. Ahok. In the midst of her busy life
+in China she has never forgotten England nor her friends there. Some years
+after her return to China, she sent her greetings to her English friends by
+one of the returning missionaries, and bade her ask them: "Have you done,
+and are you doing, all you resolved to do for my sisters in China? So many
+missionaries have been called home, there can be no lack of _knowledge_ now
+as to the needs of the heathen. With so many to witness to them, how great
+is the increase of _responsibility_ to Christians at home."
+
+She wrote to the women of the Church of England Zenana Society: "You
+rejoiced to help many ladies to come to Foochow to act as light-bearers
+and induce those who were sitting in darkness to cast away the false and
+embrace the true, and to put away all the wicked and evil customs. The work
+which these ladies are doing is of great value and has helped many. They
+have preached the gospel in all the region; they have tended the sick in
+the Mission hospitals; they have opened schools for women and girls in
+several places, and in my own house. In my own house there are now
+thirty-nine scholars, some of whom have unbound their feet; and some have
+been baptized. I myself every week teach in this school, and I also go to
+the hospital and talk to the sick people. I trust that this seed so widely
+sown will presently bear fruit, some thirty, some sixty, some a hundred
+fold. You will remember that when I was in England I told you of the state
+of things in China; and I hope you will not forget my words but will do
+your utmost to help China, that God's promised reward may hereafter be
+yours."
+
+Mrs. Ahok is daily giving herself, in whole-hearted service, to her
+countrywomen. A fellow-worker has recently written of her:
+
+    "She is winning her way into the hearts of the people in the Manchu
+    settlement. Always bright and cheerful, and ready to tell the
+    Story, she is welcomed wherever she goes. When I think of her past
+    life of ease as the daughter, and later the wife, of an official, I
+    marvel at her spirit of consecration. Quietly she goes from house
+    to house in search of those who are willing to listen. Miles she
+    has walked over the hot stone pavements. 'If my people will only
+    believe in Christ, I shall be well repaid,' she says."
+
+A true Christian woman, whose courage has flinched at no sacrifice, who has
+borne the loss of husband, mother, son, and property, and the reproaches of
+non-Christian relatives, with a peace and a faith unshakeable and
+convincing, Mrs. Ahok is accomplishing much by what she does, doubtless
+even more by what she is.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DR. IDA KAHN
+
+  I. CHILDHOOD IN THREE COUNTRIES
+
+ II. AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
+
+III. SEVEN YEARS IN KIUKIANG
+
+ IV. PIONEER WORK IN NANCHANG
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: Dr. Ida Kahn]
+
+
+
+
+DR. IDA KAHN
+
+I
+
+CHILDHOOD IN THREE COUNTRIES
+
+
+By the time little Ida Kahn first opened her eyes in Kiukiang, China,
+little girls had become a drug on the market in her family. Her parents had
+long been eager for a son, but each of the five babies who had come was a
+daughter, and now this sixth one was a little girl, too. According to
+Chinese custom, they called in the old blind fortune-teller to declare her
+fate and give advice concerning her future. His verdict was discouraging
+for he told them that she must be killed or given away to another family,
+since as long as she remained in the home the long-desired son would never
+come to them. The parents were not willing to end the little life, so they
+determined to engage the baby to a little boy in a neighbouring family, and
+give her to the family of her betrothed to bring up. But when they called
+the fortune-teller again to ask his judgment on the proposed betrothal, he
+declared that the little girl had been born under the dog star, the boy
+under the cat star, and therefore the betrothal was not to be thought of.
+The family's perplexity as to what to do with this superfluous little
+daughter became known to the neighbours, and one of them, who was teaching
+Chinese to Miss Howe and Miss Hoag of the Methodist Mission, told them
+about it. That very afternoon they took their sedan chairs and went and got
+the baby. Thus, when only two months old, Ida was adopted by Miss Howe,
+whom she always calls "my mother," and of whom she says, "There is no one
+like her in the world."
+
+The same year that little Ida was born, Miss Howe and Miss Hoag had
+succeeded in starting a school for girls in Kiukiang, the first girls'
+school in that part of China. In this school, as soon as she was old
+enough, Ida began to study. When she was nine years old Miss Howe went to
+America and took the little girl with her. They were in San Francisco at
+this time, and there Ida attended a mission school for the Chinese girls of
+the city. As most of the other pupils belonged to Cantonese families, and
+spoke a Chinese dialect very different from that of Kiukiang, she did not
+learn very much at school; but her stay in America, at the age when it is
+so easy for children to acquire languages, helped her very much in
+learning English. On her way back to China Miss Howe stayed in Japan for
+several months, and there again Ida attended school.
+
+On returning to China, Miss Howe was asked to work in a newly opened
+station of the Methodist Mission at Chung King, a city of western China,
+located on the Yangtse River many miles above Kiukiang, and many days'
+journey into the interior. During their stay there, Ida continued her
+studies, tutored by Miss Howe and Miss Wheeler, of the same mission. The
+stay in Chung King lasted only two years, for in 1886 the mission compound
+was completely destroyed by a mob, and the missionaries had to flee for
+their lives. For two weeks Ida, with some other Chinese girls, was in
+hiding in the home of a friendly carpenter, while the missionaries were
+hidden in the governor's yamen. At the end of that time they all succeeded
+in making their escape from the city, and the little girl, who had already
+had so many more experiences in her short life than the average Chinese
+woman has in threescore years and ten, had the new adventure of a trip of
+several days through the gorges of the Yangtse River. The river is always
+dangerous at this point because of the swift rapids, but was so unusually
+so at that season, when the summer floods were beginning, that only
+extraordinary pressure would have induced any one to venture on it. The
+trip to the coast was made in safety, however, and after another stay of a
+few months in Japan, Miss Howe and her charge went back to Kiukiang, and
+Ida again entered the school there.
+
+Miss Howe was desirous that the people in America who were interested in
+the Kiukiang school should be kept informed of its progress; but with her
+many duties it was difficult for her to find time for frequent letters, so
+she sometimes asked Ida to write for her. Extracts from one of these
+letters, written when Ida was fifteen, and sent with no revision at all,
+show something of this little Chinese girl's acquaintance with English:
+
+    "DEAR MRS. ----:"
+
+    "We have at present twenty-four scholars and four babies. We are
+    not many in numbers, but we hope that we may not prove the works of
+    missionaries in vain. The rules of this school are different from
+    others, since only girls of Christian families are allowed to
+    study. Girls of non-Christian families are allowed to study if they
+    are willing to pay their board. They also furnish their own
+    clothes. For these reasons our school contains girls from many
+    places since Christian girls are few.... In Kiukiang only one
+    Christian family have their girls at this school. The pastor of the
+    church over the river sends his eldest daughter. She has been my
+    companion from babyhood, and we were only separated when she went
+    to Chin Kiang and I to Chung King. She and her sisters never had
+    their feet bound. She is the first girl in Kiukiang who never bound
+    her feet. Her name is Mary Stone. She and I study together both in
+    English and Chinese."
+
+    "Her mother came a few weeks ago and stayed with us one week. One
+    day Mary and I went with her to visit the homes of missionaries;
+    when we came back Mrs. Stone suggested that we should go and see
+    her uncle. Mary and I hesitated a little; for we were not used to
+    visiting Chinese homes, especially after New Year when people are
+    very ceremonious. When we arrived at the home we found that they
+    had a New Year's party there, although it was the second month. The
+    reason was this; at the time of the New Year Chinese ladies do not
+    step outside their houses till they are invited to a party, and as
+    invitations do not come until nearly the end of the first month it
+    is common to continue to the second month."
+
+    "Mrs. Stone's friends were very glad to see her, for they had not
+    met for a long time. The party consisted of three elderly ladies,
+    besides the hostess, and three young girls besides the young
+    daughter of the house. They were dressed principally in bright
+    blue, green, and red, and were painted to the extreme. The young
+    girls hardly tasted their food, but looked us over from head to
+    foot, especially our feet. The room was hot, and presently one of
+    the girls tittered to another and said, 'Your face is streaked,'
+    meaning that some of her paint was off and showed dark lines;
+    whereupon all the girls declared that they were going to wash their
+    faces. After a while one of the girls came back and said, 'My face
+    is clean now, is it not?' Mrs. Stone told us that they saw we had
+    no paint on and were ashamed of theirs. The girls' only talk was
+    about their jewellry, clothes, and other gossip. Mary and I were
+    very much disappointed, for we hoped to learn some Chinese manners.
+    Mrs. Stone advised me not to wear spectacles, for I attracted many
+    remarks. I told her I was only too glad to draw attention from our
+    feet."
+
+    "We always remember the friends in America who for His sake sent
+    missionaries to help us. Yours affectionately,"
+
+    "IDA KAHN."
+
+
+
+
+II
+
+AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
+
+
+When Miss Howe went to America on furlough in 1892, she took with her five
+young Chinese people, three boys and two girls; the latter, Ida Kahn and
+her friend, Mary Stone. Growing up in China, under singularly sheltered and
+happy conditions, Ida had been greatly impressed with the misery of many of
+her countrywomen, and early formed the purpose of becoming a physician and
+giving her life to the alleviation of their sufferings. Mary Stone had the
+same desire, and Miss Howe, coveting for them a more thorough medical
+education than was then available in China, took them to Ann Arbor to enter
+the medical school of the University of Michigan. Both girls passed the
+entrance examinations successfully, even to the Latin requirements; in fact
+their papers were among the best of all those handed in.
+
+The four years in Ann Arbor were very busy ones. In addition to their
+college work, they did their own housekeeping in a little suite of rooms
+in the home of Mrs. Frost. She says that they excelled many American girls
+at housekeeping, having regular days for house-cleaning, and always keeping
+their reception room in good order to receive their girl friends, of whom
+they had many. Occasionally they even entertained their friends at a little
+Chinese feast. Mrs. Frost recalls that the only flaw in Ida's housekeeping
+was that when the girls stopped in her room, as they often did for a little
+visit on their way home from college, Ida would pick up a book or magazine
+and become so absorbed in it that she would forget all about the domestic
+duties awaiting her.
+
+But in spite of college and housekeeping duties, they were not too busy to
+take part in the Christian work of the church which they attended. Mrs.
+Frost pays them the following tribute: "They were lovely Christian
+characters, ready to respond and assist in any Christian work where their
+services were solicited. While they were in Ann Arbor they assisted me in
+my Sunday afternoon Mission Band work with the small children of our
+church, singing, or offering prayer, or telling interesting stories to the
+little ones. On different occasions they, with the Chinese boys that came
+with Miss Howe at the same time, assisted me in the public entertainments
+given to help swell the funds of the Mission Band and raise enough to
+support an orphan, or for other missionary work. They were very efficient,
+consecrated Christians, very lovable and loving, highly respected by every
+one with whom they came in contact. I have very pleasant memories of our
+little Chinese doctors, and they have a very warm place in my heart and
+affections."
+
+Both the girls won many friends among both students and faculty. Ida was
+elected to the secretaryship of her class in her Junior year. Their record
+for scholarship was so enviable that the assertion was often made, "They
+must either be remarkably clever, or they must have applied themselves with
+unusual devotion." They led their class in their Junior year, and in their
+Senior year were surpassed by only one student. Dr. Breakey, specialist in
+skin troubles, on whose staff they worked during their Senior year, speaks
+warmly of their earnestness and devotion to their work. Another professor
+said at the time of their graduation, "They will be a credit to the
+University of Michigan. The society which provided for their course will
+never regret having done so."
+
+As their study at the University drew to a close, the young physicians
+received many evidences of the appreciation that was felt for the work they
+had done. Before commencement a reception was given them in the Methodist
+church of Ann Arbor, at which each of them received a case of valuable
+surgical instruments. Many other gifts were also showered upon them,--from
+medical cases, cameras, clocks, and bedquilts, to books and dainty
+handkerchiefs.
+
+In order not to attract attention they had adopted American dress during
+their stay in Ann Arbor; but their graduation dresses were sent from China,
+made in Chinese style, of beautiful Chinese silk, with slippers of the same
+material,--Ida's blue, Mary's delicate pink. Seven hundred and forty-five
+students received their diplomas at that commencement, but to none was
+accorded the universal and prolonged applause which broke forth as the two
+young Chinese women stepped on the platform to take their diplomas from
+President Angell's hands. Even the medical faculty applauded heartily, the
+only time that the staff joined in the demonstrations of the audience. One
+who was in the audience says, "Their bearing and dignity made us very proud
+of them." President Angell was much interested in them and said to their
+friends, "Their future career will be watched with every expectation of
+eminent success."
+
+The two months succeeding their graduation were spent in Chicago in
+hospital work, and in the autumn they sailed for China. While they were in
+America an old gentleman said to Ida, "I am glad you are going back to your
+country as a physician. Your people need physicians more than they need
+missionaries." The Chinese reverence for old age was too great to permit
+Ida to contradict him, but turning to her friends she said quietly, "Time
+is short--eternity is long." So it was not only as a physician, but as a
+regularly appointed medical missionary that she returned to China.
+
+
+
+
+III
+
+SEVEN YEARS IN KIUKIANG
+
+
+Quite a little anxiety was felt concerning the reception which the young
+physicians would receive from the Chinese on their return to Kiukiang. A
+foreign-trained Chinese woman physician had never been seen or heard of in
+that section of China, and, scarcely, in all China, since Dr. Hue King Eng,
+of Foochow, was the only other in the Empire at that time. The doctors' own
+friends had long been asking when they were coming back, and when at last
+the time arrived they had their plans all laid for welcoming them. The
+missionaries had some doubts as to the propriety of a public ovation to two
+young women, but the Chinese were so eager for it that they at last
+consented, and from the moment the young doctors left the steamer until
+they arrived at the gate of the mission compound, they were saluted with an
+almost continuous fusillade of fire-crackers. Of course the noise attracted
+curious crowds, and by the time they reached the Bund they were surrounded
+by a host of their townspeople who were eager to get a glimpse of the
+"women doctors." Some of them were heard to say, "Why, these girls are
+receiving more honour than was shown to our commandant when he arrived!" As
+the company slowly proceeded up the Bund, the missionaries were besieged
+with eager questions: "Are they Chinese women?" "Is it true they have been
+studying for four years in a foreign land?" "Can they heal the sick?" "Will
+they live in Kiukiang?" When all these questions were answered in the
+affirmative there was a vigorous nodding of heads, and "_Hao! Hao! Hao!_"
+(Good, good!) was heard on every side. It seemed remarkable that in so
+dense a crowd the universal expression of face and voice indicated only
+favourable interest.
+
+Shortly before the doctors arrived one of the missionaries wrote, "We are
+expecting 'our doctors' back this fall, and after they have several months
+of hospital practice in other mission hospitals in China, we hope to have a
+place ready for them to begin work." The doctors had expected, too, a
+little time for resting, and visiting with the friends whom they had not
+seen for so many years. Moreover it was thought that some time would have
+to elapse before they could gain the confidence of the people sufficiently
+to begin practice. But on the third day after their arrival four patients
+appeared and asked for treatment; on the following day the same four
+returned and six newcomers arrived; and so it went on, until dispensary
+quarters had to be hurriedly rented and regular work begun.
+
+They had been back only about a month when they were sent for one evening
+to visit a woman who was in a very serious condition. On arriving at the
+house they found there the best known native doctor in the city, richly
+dressed in satin and silk, and accompanied by four chair-bearers. He had
+told the woman's family that he could do nothing for her, and after
+welcoming the young women physicians very pleasantly, he took his leave,
+advising the family to put the patient into their hands, saying, "They have
+crossed mountains and seas to study about these matters." The family wanted
+the doctors to guarantee that the woman would live, but they, of course,
+refused to do this, and after some discussion turned to go. But at that the
+older members of the family fell on their knees, and begged them to stay
+and do just whatever they thought best. Their treatment was so successful
+that three days later the grateful family invited them to a feast, after
+which they were wound about with red scarfs by the old grandmother, and
+presented with gifts. The entire family then escorted them home amid the
+explosion of many fire-crackers.
+
+The _China Medical Missionary Journal_ of December, 1896, in commenting
+upon the work of these young women, says: "They have not, up to the present
+time, had to endure the pain of losing a patient, although they have had
+several very serious cases. When that does come, as of course it must,
+there will doubtless be some reaction, and present faith may be changed to
+distrust for a time. But the most hopeful had not dreamed of their
+commencing work without some opposition, and that they actually sought,
+before making any efforts to secure patients, has been a great surprise to
+all. Their early success is doubtless due largely to the fact that they are
+back among their own people as true Chinese, and while they have gained
+much in culture and intellect, love and sympathy for their race have ever
+been present; while the ruling motive in all their efforts has been how
+best to prepare themselves to help their countrywomen. The native women do
+not stand at a distance to admire them, but familiarly take their hands and
+feel their clothing; and while acknowledging their superiority do not
+hesitate to invite them as guests to their humble homes."
+
+Nor was the reputation of the young physicians limited to Kiukiang. At
+about the time of their return, the young emperor, Kwang-hsi, had issued
+edicts to the viceroys of the various provinces, ordering them to search
+out and send to Peking, young men versed in modern affairs, who could act
+as advisers to him. Several of these young men held a meeting in Nanking
+before proceeding to Peking. Two of them had heard of the young doctors
+just returned from America, and, on their way to Nanking, stopped at
+Kiukiang for the purpose of calling on them. The doctors, however, felt it
+wise to adopt a conservative attitude in regard to receiving calls from
+young men, lest their influence with the women with whom they were to work
+should be weakened, did they violate Chinese custom in this matter. Miss
+Howe therefore received the guests in their stead, answered their
+questions, gave them such information as they desired, and presented them
+with the diploma of one of the doctors. They displayed the diploma at the
+meeting at Nanking, where it created much interest. The son of Governor
+Tang of Hupeh, who was at the meeting, spoke for two hours on the
+desirability of educating women, and suppressing the custom of
+foot-binding. Then and there a society was organized in which these men
+pledged themselves to marry their sons only to natural-footed women, and
+their daughters only into families whose girls were allowed to grow up with
+natural feet.
+
+At about this time, also, Chang Chih Tung, one of the most eminent and
+public spirited viceroys of his time, sent a representative to wait upon
+Miss Howe, with the request that she and the young physicians accept
+positions in a school which he wished to establish in Shanghai. His aim was
+to develop a University for women which would train women teachers, and he
+wished also to have a medical department in connection with it.
+Foot-binding concubinage, and slavery were dealt with directly in the
+prospectus; Sunday was to be observed as a holiday; and liberty of
+conscience in the matter of religion was to be allowed. While no religious
+books might be taught in the school, no objections were raised to religious
+work being done privately. When this request was brought to the Women's
+Conference of the Methodist Mission they passed a resolution expressing
+their sympathy with the proposed plan, and advising the acceptance of the
+positions by Miss Howe and one of the doctors, "if in the process of the
+development of the plans they feel it best to do so." Although as the
+plans developed Miss Howe and the doctors finally decided that they could
+be more useful in Kiukiang, the offer shows the interest felt in the work
+of the young physicians, even in the highest official circles.
+
+At the close of the first year, Dr. Kahn reported:
+
+    "With the exception of a month spent at the Nanking Memorial
+    Hospital we have kept up our work steadily ever since our return to
+    Kiukiang. At present we have regular dispensary work, and our Bible
+    woman spends her time faithfully teaching the women. As she is
+    quite an elderly woman, has been very well trained and educated,
+    and above all is an earnest Christian, we are sure that her
+    influence will not be small on those with whom she is brought in
+    contact. Then again, she is a good chaperon to our girls who are
+    preparing to be nurses. There are three girls who have been in the
+    girls' school from five to six years, and now choose to take up
+    nursing as their life work. They assist in the dispensary, help
+    make up the drugs, attend to the hospital patients, and recite two
+    lessons to us every day. Later on we hope to have them assist in
+    our operations and go out with us when we need them."
+
+    "At present we have six patients in the hospital, and although the
+    number may seem small, yet our hospital has been opened scarcely
+    two months, and it is so tiny that it appears quite full. The
+    hospital is merely a Chinese dwelling, heightened and improved by
+    floors and windows."
+
+    "During the year two or three interesting trips have been made by
+    us into the country. The first one was made by Miss Stanton and
+    myself to the capital of the province, to attend the wife of an
+    official. We brought her home with us, and while here undergoing
+    treatment she studied the Bible every day and enjoyed it very much.
+    Later, when she returned home, she recovered completely, and now
+    two of her sons are in our mission school. Her husband gave one
+    hundred dollars for the dispensary and two merit boards or tablets
+    to us, and he said he would help us in raising money for the
+    hospital...."
+
+    "One thing which pleases us very much is that those whom we have
+    treated outside, when they get well almost invariably come and call
+    on us, and even go with us to church."
+
+The following year she wrote:
+
+    "The time has come again for us to give our yearly report and we
+    are very glad to be able to say that the work has advanced in every
+    direction. The year has been a very unhealthy one and fevers have
+    simply flourished, so that our nurses have been kept very busy
+    caring for patients often in a critical condition. During the year
+    we were enabled to make four visits into the country. Miss Stanton
+    has been more free to do evangelistic work and take long trips than
+    previously, and it has been a privilege for one of us doctors to
+    accompany her on the journeys. By taking turns, one of us could
+    always attend to the regular work. People are awakening everywhere,
+    and crowds flock to us to hear the truth and receive medical
+    treatment. Sometimes we dispense medicine to one or two hundred
+    people a day. Our stock of medicine usually gives out, and many
+    people have had to be turned away for lack of drugs. Everywhere
+    they begged us to come and visit them again. At one place a party
+    of women came at night to the boat where Miss Stanton and I were
+    staying, inviting us to go ashore and organize a church. They told
+    us: 'Men can hear preaching sometimes on the street; but we women
+    never have an opportunity to hear anything except when you ladies
+    come to teach us.'"
+
+During that year, the second of their practice, the young physicians were
+able to report 90 patients treated in the hospital, 134 in homes, 3,973 in
+the dispensary, and 1,249 during country trips, making a total of 5,446.
+
+Their third year was also a very prosperous one, not only in their work
+among the poor, but also in the number of calls which they received from
+the class of people who were able to give them ample compensation for their
+services. This money was always turned into the mission treasury by the
+young physicians, who also, for four years, gave their services to the
+Woman's Missionary Society without salary, in return for the four years of
+training which they had received at Ann Arbor. An interesting glimpse of
+the impression they made upon their fellow-workers is given by a letter
+from one of the missionaries written at this time: "None who know our
+beloved doctors, Mary Stone and Ida Kahn, can do otherwise than thank God
+for raising up such efficient and faithful workers. It is difficult to
+think of any desirable quality which these two ladies do not possess. To
+this their growing work gives witness."
+
+Dr. Kahn was honoured in the latter part of the year by being appointed as
+the representative of the women of China to the World's Congress held in
+London, June, 1899.
+
+The hearts of the doctors were gladdened during this year by the prospect
+of a hospital building in which to carry on their work. Early in 1900 Dr.
+Kahn wrote happily to Dr. Danforth, whose gifts had made the building
+possible:
+
+    "Work on the building is going on merrily, and the results are
+    pleasing so far.... As to our work at present, we can truly say
+    that never before has it seemed so encouraging. This being the
+    Chinese New Year month we have usually had scarcely any patients,
+    and at least for a number of days no patients at all; but this year
+    we had no day without patients, and often had thirty, forty, and
+    even over fifty patients a day, which is certainly unprecedented.
+    You cannot imagine how strong a prejudice the average Chinaman has
+    against doing work of any kind too soon after New Year's. Not only
+    is it the only holiday of any duration they have during the year,
+    but it is ill luck to work too early."
+
+    "While standing at the gate on the second day, watching the
+    patients straggling in, I saw one of them brought on a stretcher.
+    It was a pretty little girl who had been badly burned by the
+    upsetting of a foot stove under her wadded garments. As they came
+    up an old woman who carried one corner of the bamboo bed called
+    out, 'Doctor, have you opened your accounts yet?' meaning have you
+    begun work yet. I answered, 'Why, our accounts have never been
+    closed, so we did not need to reopen them!' 'Yes,' she said, 'I
+    know, and I wish you many congratulations for the New Year, and may
+    you have much custom during the year.' Think of what that implies!
+    Then she went on volubly describing what a time they had in getting
+    people to carry the bed, for no money could induce them to come,
+    and finally she and a few boy cousins had to bring her. A few days
+    ago her people came and fired lots of crackers, as well as hung up
+    long strips of red cloth outside our gate, in order to show people
+    that we have accomplished a cure for them and they wish to express
+    their gratitude in public."
+
+A few months later the Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial Hospital was
+completed; but just as they were about to occupy the new building the Boxer
+uprising assumed such serious proportions that all work had to be dropped,
+and the women were forced to leave the city. The doctors accompanied the
+other missionaries to Japan, and remained there for a few months; then came
+back to China and spent a few weeks in Shanghai, until the country had
+quieted down sufficiently to make it safe to return to the interior. The
+weeks in Shanghai were not idle ones, for they found plenty of patients to
+treat during their stay there.
+
+There were many missionaries from various parts of China gathered in
+Shanghai at this time, and the women improved the opportunity thus afforded
+by the presence of so many workers for a conference on the various phases
+of women's work. Dr. Kahn was asked to give an address on Girl Slavery at
+this conference, and made a great impression by her powerful plea for the
+abolition of this wicked practice. Her appeal had added force because she
+was a Chinese woman herself, and this evil custom had come close to her
+life. "She was my best friend in school," she said of one victim, "and her
+mind was as beautiful as her person. We were baptized together and she
+confessed to me that she would like to devote her life to Christian work,
+adding so sadly that she must try first to help her opium-smoking father.
+Where were gone her longings and aspirations when she was sold by him to be
+the concubine of a man sixty years of age! Surely on this eve of China's
+regeneration, we, the more favoured ones, must plead with all our might
+that all these unnatural customs shall be swept away with the last relics
+of our country's barbarism."
+
+[Illustration: A Nurse in Dr. Kahn's Hospital]
+
+The doctors were soon able to recommence work in Kiukiang, and with their
+fine new hospital they worked under far more favourable conditions than
+heretofore. A letter from Dr. Kahn tells of their enjoyment of the new
+building: "It is now a pleasure to see the little crowds of women and
+children sitting comfortably in the easy seats of the dispensary waiting
+room, and to notice how they enjoy the talks of the Bible woman. In former
+years they were always huddled together in a dark room, or else were
+scattered here and there in our front yard, and the Bible woman had great
+difficulty to get them to listen quietly. The new drug room is a
+constant delight. The operating room, too, is our pride, because it is so
+light. The confidence which people had in our work before last year's
+troubles broke out, appears to revive again."
+
+The following summer, Miss Robinson, of Chinkiang, visited the doctors in
+their new quarters. A letter written from their home reads: "We find them
+as skilful in housekeeping as in hospital-keeping, and excelling in the
+happy art of making their guests at home. Such all-round women are a
+priceless boon to their native sisters. I want to have our graduates attend
+the coming annual meeting in Kiukiang, improving this opportunity of
+bringing them in contact with the doctors, who have long since become the
+ideals of our school girls.... Referring to the fear some native Christians
+have shown of sending their girls to a school having manual labour in its
+curriculum, Dr. Ida exclaimed hotly, 'This fear of work is the bane of
+China.' Here are two doctors of exalted privileges, educated abroad,
+honoured alike by native and foreigner, and yet putting their hand to
+cooking and housework of every kind, as the need may be, without a thought
+of being degraded thereby; a glorious object-lesson to accompany the
+teachings of the mission schools."
+
+
+
+
+IV
+
+PIONEER WORK IN NANCHANG
+
+
+In the first year of the young physicians' practice in China, a launch had
+been sent to Kiukiang by one of the high officials of Nanchang, the capital
+of Kiangsi province, with the request that one of the physicians should
+return to Nanchang in it and treat his wife, who was very ill. Dr. Kahn
+went, and brought the woman back to Kiukiang with her. After a few weeks
+under the doctors' care she returned to Nanchang completely recovered, and
+gave such glowing accounts of the benefit she had received that many of the
+wealthy ladies of the city followed her example and went to the Kiukiang
+hospital for treatment.
+
+At that time no American missionary work was being done in Nanchang; but
+the successful treatment of the wife of the official is said to have
+"opened the gates to Protestant missionaries." The Methodist Mission soon
+established a station there, and the work grew rapidly in spite of the fact
+that Nanchang was not an altogether easy place in which to work. As it
+was in the interior and off the highway of travel, little was known of
+foreigners. Moreover, there was a rowdyish element of the population which
+was very hostile to them and everything connected with them, as Dr. Kahn
+had good cause to know. Soon after the work in Nanchang had been begun by
+their mission, she and Miss Stanton made a trip there, the latter to do
+evangelistic work, Dr. Kahn for medical work. Dr. Kahn shall tell the story
+of their experiences:
+
+[Illustration: A Village Crowd]
+
+[Illustration: One of Dr. Kahn's Guests]
+
+    "One afternoon, Miss Stanton and myself went to call on some ladies
+    of the Plymouth Brethren Mission, the only other Christian mission
+    besides our own in the city. The day being warm Miss Stanton had
+    the rain cover of her sedan chair removed. Unfortunately it was a
+    hired chair and there were no side curtains, neither was there an
+    upper curtain in front. When we had gotten fairly started boys
+    began to follow us, and by the time we had reached our destination
+    quite a crowd was with us, and rushed into the compound ahead of
+    us. Once in, we planned to cover the chair; and also waited till
+    dark for our return, hoping that by that time the crowd would have
+    dispersed."
+
+    "However, when we got ready to start, there was a large crowd still
+    clustered around the court and door. They allowed Miss Stanton to
+    get into her chair first and start off, but when I followed, then
+    the fun began. The coolies would take a step or two, then the
+    chair would be pulled almost down. Yelling at them was of no avail.
+    Finally a stone was thrown and one of the windows broken, so I
+    thought it was time to walk. The crowd called out, 'A foreigner! a
+    foreigner!' I was almost ready to cry with vexation, and could not
+    help telling the people that they were cowards and barbarians. One
+    or two of the bystanders now began to take my part, and
+    administered a blow or two to those who seemed to be too
+    obstreperous, telling me at the same time not to be afraid. I
+    started to enter the largest residence near me, but the gatekeeper
+    slammed the door in my face so I went on ahead. One of my volunteer
+    helpers said, 'There is the residence of the official Yang, where
+    you can find shelter.' So he led me into a house where a couple of
+    women were sitting in the great room. Rather abruptly I told them
+    that I was pursued by a crowd, and asked if I could find shelter
+    there until I could send word to my people. My guides also
+    explained that the people took me to be a foreigner. To my surprise
+    the ladies welcomed me cordially, and ordered the doors to be shut
+    on the crowd. Now all my friends will be ashamed to know that I
+    could not repress my tears, but after a good cry I felt relieved.
+    The people in the house urged me not to be afraid. I told them I
+    was not afraid; I was disgusted that my people could be so mean. My
+    hostess related several instances where ladies coming home alone in
+    their chairs had been pulled about, and deplored the fact that
+    there were so many rowdies everywhere."
+
+    "Very soon the church members heard of my trouble and came to
+    escort me home. As we wended our way homeward fresh members joined
+    us till we formed quite a procession with lights flashing
+    everywhere. Indignation was felt by all, so some of the party went
+    back to demand the arrest of the ringleaders. How thankful I was to
+    get back safely to our mission compound. Miss Stanton's chair
+    coolies had assured her that I was following behind, and she
+    thought everything was secure. The church members were at prayer
+    meeting and did not notice my non-arrival. The delay I think must
+    have been providential, for had the members rushed there and found
+    a crowd, I fear more trouble must have resulted."
+
+    "Very soon the husband of a wealthy patient came and offered many
+    apologies for the bad conduct of the people. How do you suppose he
+    found out about the matter? He was returning home from a feast, and
+    seeing so many Methodist lanterns (please do not smile, for the
+    lanterns have 'Methodist Church' written on one side, and 'Gospel
+    Hall' on the other) asked what it meant, and learned of the
+    trouble.... Certainly the devious ways of my own countrymen never
+    struck me so forcibly before. How much we do need the truth to
+    shine in upon us and change us completely."
+
+Yet it was to this city that the Christian physician's heart went out in
+such compassion that, for its sake, she was not only willing, but glad to
+leave her home in Kiukiang, the prosperous work which she had been doing in
+fellowship with her lifelong friend, Dr. Stone, and the beautiful new
+hospital to which she had long looked forward with so much eagerness.
+
+"This old city of Nanchang with about three hundred thousand inhabitants,
+and surrounded by a thickly settled country, has not a single educated
+physician," one of her letters reads. "Do you know what that means? The
+people realize their need and asked us to go and live among them. One of
+the church members offered to give us, free of charge, a piece of land
+situated in a fine part of the city, for either a hospital or a school lot.
+The pastor said he could raise $1,000 among the people if we would only
+begin medical work there. Do you think we ought to refuse that offer, which
+is a wonderful one, because the church has only just been established
+there? 'And when they came to Jesus they besought Him instantly, saying
+that he was worthy for whom He should do this.'"
+
+The people of Nanchang, both Christian and non-Christian, pleaded so
+eagerly for medical work, and promised to do so much toward its support,
+that the missionaries agreed with Dr. Kahn in feeling that a door to great
+opportunity was open before her, which it would be a serious mistake not to
+enter. Accordingly, early in 1903, she responded to what Dr. Stone termed
+"the Macedonian call," and began work in Nanchang.
+
+The Woman's Foreign Missionary Society did not feel able to assume any
+responsibility for the financial support of the medical work in the new
+field, beyond that of the doctor's salary. But Dr. Kahn firmly believed
+that missionary work should be just as nearly self-supporting as possible;
+and since many of the urgent invitations from Nanchang had come from homes
+of wealth, she was very willing to attempt to carry on medical work there
+on a self-supporting basis. In an article on the subject of self-supporting
+medical missionary work, written for the _China Medical Missionary
+Journal_, she gave some of her reasons for believing in self-support, and
+her theories as to how it might be carried out.
+
+    "To the many of us, no doubt, the thought naturally arises that we
+    have enough problems to deal with in our work without having to
+    take up the irksome question of self-support. Yet at the present
+    time, when every strenuous effort is being made to evangelize the
+    world in this generation, any plan which can help forward such a
+    movement at once assumes an aspect of vital importance in our
+    eyes. Let it not be presumed that self-support is to be recommended
+    as possible to every medical missionary. On the contrary, I fear,
+    only by those fortunate enough to be located in large cities could
+    the effort be attempted with any hope of success. Yet in a measure
+    the question concerns every one of us, because in its different
+    phases self-support is sure to be pressed upon all of us with more
+    or less force. Personally, my work was undertaken in Nanchang
+    partly from faith in the principle, partly because there were no
+    funds available to institute medical work on any other basis. My
+    faith in the principle is founded upon the belief that anything of
+    value is more appreciated when something has been asked in exchange
+    for its worth, from those perfectly able to effect the exchange....
+    The ordinary people who seek help from the missionary will retain a
+    higher measure of self-respect, and also suspect less the motives
+    of the benefactor. The rich will appreciate more highly the
+    services received, besides having the added glow of satisfaction in
+    helping forward a worthy charity...."
+
+    "There should be no ironclad rules, however; each case must be
+    counted on its own merits. Generally speaking, it might be well for
+    the physician in charge to state plainly that the very poor are to
+    be treated free of charge and have medicines, and occasionally food
+    supplies, gratis. Those a little better off may help a little in
+    paying for the medicines. The next step above that is to pay
+    partly for the treatment as well; while the highest grade is to pay
+    in proportion to the amount of help received. All this means a good
+    deal of thought on the part of the physician and assistant, but
+    gradually it will become routine work and so demand less labour."
+
+    "Is self-supporting work a missionary work? Assuredly yes; for is
+    not the money thus gained used in giving relief to the poor?... And
+    if all money received goes again into the work, to increase its
+    efficiency, why may it not be counted missionary? Part of it is
+    given as thank-offering by those who are not Christian, and all is
+    given for value received from Christian effort. Our Lord healed
+    diseases without money and without price. If we ask, 'What would
+    Jesus do?' under our existing circumstances, the suggestion comes
+    to my mind that it would be something different in form, but not in
+    principle, from what He did in a different land, under far
+    different circumstances, nineteen hundred and more years ago.
+    Someone says we are to follow Jesus, not to copy Him; and the
+    principal thing, it seems to me, would be always to abide in the
+    Spirit of the Christ, by whatever method we feel constrained to
+    render our little service."
+
+Although the new step was taken so bravely, it was not an easy one. Some
+idea of the courage it required is shown by the doctor's report of her
+first year in Nanchang; "The very thought of making a report causes many
+poignant memories to rush upon us. With what hesitancy and timidity did we
+begin our work in the new field! Knowing our own limitations, it was not
+with a light heart that we began the new year. Yet," she was able to add,
+"as we toiled on, we could but acknowledge that we were wonderfully led
+along 'The Pathway of Faith.'"
+
+Enough money was contributed by the Nanchang people to enable Dr. Kahn to
+rent a house in the centre of the city, in which dispensary work could be
+carried on, and in which she lived. They also supplied her with a small
+stock of drugs with which to begin work, and she treated something over two
+thousand patients during the first eight months. The number seemed small
+after the work to which she had been accustomed in Kiukiang; but she was
+becoming known in the city, and in addition to her patients several of the
+women of the city had called on her in a purely social way, many of them
+educated women of the official class. Dr. Kahn says of them:
+
+    "As the wives and daughters of expectant officials they are
+    representative of the better class of the whole country, for they
+    are assembled from every province. It is pleasing to note that
+    dignity and modesty are often combined with real accomplishment
+    among them. It is amongst these that there is a marked eagerness to
+    learn something better. They talk about their country incessantly,
+    and deplore with real sincerity her present condition, of which
+    many of them have a fairly good knowledge. To these we tell over
+    and over again that the only hope of China's regeneration is in her
+    becoming a Christian nation, and that only the love of Christ can
+    bring out the best qualities of any people...."
+
+As to the financial side of the work, Dr. Kahn reported: "The outlook is
+most promising. During the eight months I have received over $700 from the
+work, and as much more has been subscribed."
+
+During the succeeding two years the work developed steadily. The number of
+patients treated at the close of 1905 was almost three times the number
+reported in 1903, and Dr. Kahn wrote, "We have tried to check the number of
+patients, simply because we did not feel financially able to treat so
+many." The rent which she had been obliged to pay for her building in the
+city had been a heavy burden financially. Great was her delight therefore
+to be able to report, at the end of this year, a new $2,000 building for
+dispensary purposes, the money for which had been secured partly from fees,
+partly from subscriptions. "With the incubus of a heavy rent off our
+shoulders we may be able to relieve more patients, as we would wish," she
+wrote.
+
+The dispensary building was not the sole cause for rejoicing that year; for
+in addition to it a fine, centrally located piece of land, worth $3,600,
+was given for a hospital site. "All the assistance received has been from
+the gentry and not the officials, and therefore it really represents the
+people and we feel much encouraged by the fact," reads Dr. Kahn's report.
+The gentry wanted to make over the deeds of the property to the doctor.
+This, however, she would not permit, but insisted that they be made in the
+name of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Church,
+assuring the donors that the work would then be on a permanent basis, as it
+could not be if the deeds were made out in her name.
+
+It would not have been just cause for discouragement had the work dropped
+off the next year; for a dispute between some French Catholic priests and
+the Nanchang magistrates led to such serious disturbances and bloodshed
+that the missionaries were obliged to flee for their lives. Dr. Kahn
+refused to leave her work until the last possible moment, and returned just
+as soon as it was at all safe to do so. At the end of the year she was able
+to report that although it had been necessary to close the dispensary for
+three months, fully as many patients had been treated in the nine months as
+in the twelve months of the year previous. Another gift had also been
+received from the gentry, a piece of land near the hospital site, on which
+a home for the physician was already in process of building.
+
+During 1907 the work continued to grow steadily in scope and favour. Dr.
+Kahn's annual report for that year shows something of its development: "My
+practice has increased steadily among the foreigners and Chinese, until now
+we have patients come to us from all the large interior cities, even to the
+borders of Fuhkien. You would be surprised to know how many foreigners I
+treat in this out-of-the-way place. During the year we have treated over
+eight thousand patients. The evangelistic work among them has been better
+undertaken than ever before, and I am sure we shall see results in the near
+future. Several inquirers have been accepted, and seven women have been
+taken in as probationers."
+
+Although the demands of her work in Nanchang are constant and absorbing,
+Dr. Kahn has never become provincial in her interest; while working with
+whole-hearted devotion in her own corner, she still keeps the needs of the
+entire field in mind. At the fifth triennial meeting of the Educational
+Association of China, held in Shanghai in the spring of 1905, she gave an
+address on "Medical Education," in which she said in part:
+
+    "Turn the mind for a moment to the contemplation of China's four
+    hundred millions, with the view of inaugurating effectual modern
+    medical practice in their midst. How many physicians are there to
+    minister to this vast mass of humanity? Barely two hundred! Such a
+    ratio makes the clientele of each physician about two million. What
+    would the English-speaking world think if there were only one
+    physician available for the cities of New York and Brooklyn! Yet
+    the people of these cities would not be so badly off, because of
+    the steam and electrical connections at their command."
+
+    "We as missionary physicians recognize our own inadequacy and the
+    imperative demand for native schools. How can we undertake to help
+    spread medical education in China with the limited means at our
+    command? Shall we simply take unto ourselves a few students as
+    assistants, and after training them for a few years turn them out
+    as doctors? By all means, no! Take us as we are generally situated,
+    one or two workers in charge of a large hospital or dispensary, is
+    not the stress of our professional work almost as much as we can
+    bear? Then there are the people to whom we ought to give the bread
+    of life as diligently as we minister to their bodily needs. Add to
+    this the urgent need of keeping up a little study. Where comes the
+    time and strength to teach the students as they should be taught?
+    Certainly to the average missionary such work as the turning out of
+    full-fledged doctors ought to be debarred. It seems to me that what
+    can and ought to be done is to single out promising students who
+    possess good Christian characters as well as physical and mental
+    abilities, and send them to large centres such as Peking, Canton,
+    Shanghai, and Hankow, where they might take a thorough course in
+    medicine and surgery. In these large cities the case is altered;
+    for hospitals and physicians are comparatively numerous, and much
+    could be done in a union effort. I am glad one or two such schools
+    have been inaugurated."
+
+    "As stiff a course as possible ought to be arranged and if it is
+    thought best the whole thing might be outlined by the China Medical
+    Missionary Association. For entrance requirements there should be
+    presented a solid amount of Chinese and English, with some Latin
+    and perhaps one other modern language. That may seem a great deal
+    to ask at present, but our higher schools of learning ought soon to
+    be able to supply such a demand, as well as the necessary training
+    in mathematics, physics, chemistry, etc. In other words the student
+    must be equipped in the very best manner for his lifework."
+
+    "During the present generation at least, if not longer, the women
+    of China will continue to seek medical advice from women
+    physicians, and to meet the demand we must confront and solve
+    another problem. Co-education is impracticable just at this
+    juncture. We must have either an annex to the men's college, or a
+    separate one entirely. Whichever plan is adopted it matters not,
+    barring the 'lest we forget' that it is just as important to
+    establish medical schools for women as for men."
+
+    "In the golden future when schools abound we shall have to think of
+    state examinations; but at that time we shall expect to be ready to
+    greet the blaze of day in this wonderful country of ours, when she
+    has wakened from the long sleep we often hear about, and taken her
+    place among the nations of the world, and God and man shall see
+    'that it is good.'"
+
+At the close of 1907 Dr. Kahn had been back in China for twelve years,
+years of arduous, almost unremitting labour; and her fellow missionaries
+felt that before the work on the new hospital building began she ought to
+have a vacation. Certainly she had earned it. Not only had she worked
+faithfully for seven years in Kiukiang, but she had, within the five
+succeeding years, established medical work in a large city, where she was
+the first and only physician trained in Western sciences. Assisted only by
+two nurses whom she herself had trained, she had kept her dispensary
+running the year around, all day and every day. Moreover, she had kept the
+work practically self-supporting, in spite of the fact that she had refused
+to economize by using inferior medicines, or bottles of rough glass which
+could not be thoroughly cleansed. She had insisted that her drugs be of the
+purest, and dispensed in clean, carefully labelled bottles, and had often
+furnished besides the food needed to build up strength. In addition to all
+this, she so commended herself and her work to the people of the city that
+in 1906 she was enabled to hand over to the Woman's Foreign Missionary
+Society, a dispensary building and two fine building lots, to be used for a
+hospital and physician's home.
+
+She was finally persuaded to go to America for a period of change and rest.
+"Rest" for Dr. Kahn evidently means a change of work; for she went at once
+to Northwestern University to take the literary course which she felt would
+fit her for broader usefulness among her countrywomen. Eager to get back to
+China she did three years' work in two, studying in the summer quarter at
+the University of Chicago, when Northwestern closed its doors for the
+vacation. In addition to her University studies, she undertook, for the
+sake of her loved country, a work which is peculiarly hard for her, and
+almost every Sunday found her at some church, telling of the present
+unprecedented opportunities in China.
+
+The question may perhaps be raised as to whether days could be crowded so
+full and yet work be done thoroughly. But Prof. J. Scott Clark of
+Northwestern University said of her, at this time: "Dr. Kahn is one of the
+most accurate and effective students in a class of eighty-four members,
+most of them sophomores, although the class includes many seniors. The
+subject is the study of the style and diction of prominent prose authors,
+with some theme work. Last year Miss Kahn attained a very high rank in the
+study of the principles of good English style during the first semester,
+and in that of synonyms during the second semester. In the latter difficult
+subject she ranked among the very best students in a class of over three
+hundred members. She is very accurate, very earnest, and very quick to
+catch an idea. In fact she is nothing less than an inspiration to her
+classmates."
+
+In the spring of 1910 Dr. Kahn was a delegate to the Conference of the
+World's Young Women's Christian Association held in Berlin, and from there
+went to London for six months of study in the School of Tropical Diseases.
+She had planned to return to Northwestern University to complete the work
+interrupted by her trip to Europe, and to receive her degree. Her work had
+been of so unusually high a standard, however, that she was permitted to
+finish her course by correspondence, and was granted her degree in January,
+1911. She completed her course in the School of Tropical Diseases with high
+honour, and in February, 1911, she reached Nanchang, where one of her
+fellow-workers declares, "she is magnificent from the officials' houses to
+the mud huts."
+
+The new hospital was still in process of building, but the doctor began
+work at once in her old dispensary, and the news of her return soon spread.
+In a short time she was having an average of sixty patients a day, and
+several operations were booked some time before the hospital could be
+opened. It was ready for use in the autumn and in October Dr. Kahn wrote:
+"The work has gone on well, and patients have come to us even from distant
+cities clear on the other side of Poyang Lake. The new building is such a
+comfort. It looks nice and is really so well adapted for the work. I would
+be the happiest person possible if I did not have to worry about drug
+bills, etc.... It is impossible to drag any more money out of the poor
+people. Our rich patients are very small in number when compared with the
+poor. Yesterday I had to refuse medicines to several people, though my
+heart ached at having to do so. You see I had no idea that the work would
+develop so fast, and things have risen in prices very much the last few
+years."
+
+At the time that this letter was written the Revolution was in progress,
+and Nanchang, with all the rest of Central China, was in a turmoil. Because
+of the disturbed conditions most of the missionaries left the city, but Dr.
+Kahn refused to leave her work. With the help of her nurses she kept the
+hospital open, giving a refuge to many sufferers from famine and flood, and
+caring for the wounded soldiers. None of the forty beds was ever empty, and
+many had to be turned away.
+
+The close of the Revolution did not, however, bring a cessation of work for
+the doctor. She already needs larger hospital accommodation, three times as
+much as she now has, one of her friends writes. But Dr. Kahn delights in
+all the opportunities for work that are crowding upon her; for she says,
+"When I think what my life might have been, and what, through God's grace,
+it is, I think there is nothing that God has given me that I would not
+gladly use in His service."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DR. MARY STONE
+
+  I. WITH UNBOUND FEET
+
+ II. THE DANFORTH MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
+
+III. WINNING FRIENDS IN AMERICA
+
+ IV. A VERSATILE WOMAN
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: [Handwritten] Yours in His service Mary Stone]
+
+
+
+
+DR. MARY STONE
+
+I
+
+WITH UNBOUND FEET
+
+
+On the "first day of the third moon" of the year 1873, a young Chinese
+father knelt by the side of his wife and, with her, reverently consecrated
+to the service of the Divine Father the little daughter who had that day
+been given them. They named her "Maiyue,"--"Beautiful Gem"--and together
+agreed that this perfect gift should never be marred by the binding of the
+little feet. It was unheard of! Even the servant women of Kiukiang would
+have been ashamed to venture outside the door with unbound feet, and the
+very beggar women hobbled about on stumps of three and four inches in
+length. No little girl who was not a slave had ever been known to grow up
+with natural feet before, in all Central or West China. That the descendant
+of one of the proudest and most aristocratic families of China, whose
+genealogical records run back without a break for a period of two thousand
+years, little Shih Maiyue, should be the first to thus violate the
+century-old customs of her ancestors, was almost unbelievable.
+
+Even the missionaries could not credit it, not even Miss Howe, whose
+interest in the family was peculiarly keen, since Maiyue's mother was the
+first fruits of her work for Chinese women, and had ever since been working
+with her. To be sure Mrs. Shih had said to her, "If the Lord gives me a
+little daughter I shall not bind her feet." But Miss Howe had made so many
+efforts to induce the women and girls with whom she had worked to take off
+the crippling bandages, without having been successful in a single
+instance, that she did not build her hopes on this. One day, when calling
+in the home and seeing little Maiyue, then five years old, playing about the
+room, she remarked, "My dear Mrs. Shih, you will not make a good job of it
+unless you begin at once to bind little Maiyue's feet." But Mrs. Shih never
+faltered in the purpose which she and her husband had formed at the little
+girl's birth, and promptly answered, "Did I not tell you I should not bind
+her feet?"
+
+The first years of Maiyue's life were unusually happy ones. Her father was a
+pastor in the Methodist church, and had charge of the "Converting to
+Holiness" chapel in Kiukiang; her mother was successfully conducting a day
+school for girls. From her mother Maiyue received much of her earliest
+instruction and before she was eight years old she had studied several of
+the Chinese classics and memorized the Gospel of Matthew and the catechism
+in Chinese so thoroughly that she has never forgotten them.
+
+But as she approached the age when custom required that her feet should be
+bound, the little girl discovered that the way of the pioneer is not an
+easy one. The unbound feet were a constant source of comment and ridicule,
+not only by older people, but by other children as well. She was stopped on
+her way to school one day by an older girl, who taunted her with her "big
+feet" and refused to let her pass unless she would kneel down and render
+obeisance to her own bandaged stumps. The small descendant of the proud
+house of Shih absolutely refused to submit to such humiliation; but it was
+only after her mother's assistance had been invoked that she was allowed to
+proceed on her way.
+
+Relatives and friends protested vigorously against such apparent
+indifference to their daughter's future on the part of her parents. "You
+will never be able to get a mother-in-law for her," they declared. Mr. and
+Mrs. Shih felt, no doubt, that this was true; for who could have then
+prophesied that the time would so soon come in conservative old China when
+young men would not only be willing to marry girls with natural feet, but
+would decidedly prefer them! Maiyue's father and mother never reconsidered
+their decision that their daughter should grow to womanhood with natural
+feet; but they did try to devise some plan by which her life might be a
+useful and happy one, even though she might never enjoy the blessing of a
+mother-in-law. They were very much impressed with the service which Dr.
+Kate Bushnell was rendering the suffering women and children of Kiukiang,
+and when Maiyue was eight years old her father took her to Dr. Bushnell and
+announced, "Here is my little girl. I want you to make a doctor of her."
+
+This was almost as startling as the unbound feet! A Chinese woman physician
+was unknown and undreamed of. But this young father's faith in the
+possibilities of Chinese womanhood was not to be discouraged. The necessity
+of general education, preliminary to medical training, was explained, and
+Maiyue was put in charge of Miss Howe, then at the head of the Girls'
+Boarding School of the Methodist Mission. In this school she spent most of
+the next ten years of her life, studying in both Chinese and English, and
+fitting herself under Miss Howe's direction for her medical course.
+
+In 1892, Maiyue and her friend, Ida Kahn, accompanied Miss Howe to America,
+there to receive the medical education for which they had long been
+preparing. If America held much that was new and interesting to them, it
+was no less true that they were something new and very interesting to
+America. "What makes these girls look so different from the other Chinese
+women who come here?" the Government official who examined their passports
+asked Miss Howe. "All the difference between a heathen and a Christian,"
+was her prompt response.
+
+That there were Chinese girls who could successfully pass the entrance
+examinations to the medical department of the University of Michigan, in
+arithmetic, algebra, rhetoric, general and United States history, physics,
+and Latin, was a revelation to the people of America, and their college
+career was watched with the greatest interest.
+
+While in Ann Arbor, Maiyue took pity on the professors who found it so
+difficult to pronounce her Chinese name, and decided to use the English
+translation of it, Mary Stone, during her stay in America. Accordingly one
+morning when the professor started to call on her, she announced, "I have
+decided to change my name, professor." The burst of laughter with which the
+class greeted this simple statement was most bewildering to her; but after
+she had seen the joke she often declared that she was "one of the products
+of Christianity, an old maid," for, as she pointed out, an unmarried woman
+is practically unknown among non-Christians.
+
+During her medical course Mary became more strongly impressed than ever
+before with the evils of foot-binding. Her mother's feet had, of course,
+been bound in childhood, and although Mrs. Stone had never bound the feet
+of any of her daughters, she had not unbandaged her own. For she said that
+if she also had unbound feet people would say: "Oh, yes, she must be from
+some out-of-the-way place where the women do not bind their feet, and so
+she does not know how to bind the feet of her daughters. That accounts for
+such gross neglect." On the other hand, she reasoned that if she herself
+had the aristocratic "golden lily" feet, it would be evident that her
+failure to bind her daughters' feet was due to principle. But while Mary
+was pursuing her medical studies she became convinced that the time had
+come when her mother ought to register a further protest against the
+harmful custom, by unbandaging her own feet, and wrote urging her to do so.
+Mrs. Stone readily agreed to this. Moreover, at the annual meeting of the
+Central China Mission in 1894, when a large mass-meeting was held for the
+discussion of foot-binding, she ascended the platform and in a clear voice,
+which made every word distinctly heard to the remotest corner of the large
+chapel hall, told why she had never before unbound her feet, and why she
+was now about to do so. Her husband was so in sympathy with her decision
+that later in the meeting he added a few words of approval of the course
+she had taken. The last shoes worn before the unbinding, and the first
+after it, were sent to Ann Arbor to the daughter who had so long been a
+living exponent of the doctrine of natural feet.
+
+After four years at the University of Michigan, during which she and her
+friend, Dr. Ida Kahn, had won the respect and friendship of both faculty
+and students by their thorough work, Dr. Stone went to Chicago for the
+summer, in order to attend the clinical work in the hospitals there. It was
+at this time that she met Dr. I. N. Danforth of that city, who was ever
+afterward her staunch friend. He was about to leave for Europe, but found
+time before his departure to introduce Dr. Stone to many of the Chicago
+physicians and hospitals. He says: "She won the hearts of all with her
+charming ways, and got everything she wanted. When I took her to clinics
+she would often not be able to see at first, being such a little woman; but
+the first thing I knew she would be right down by the operating table. The
+doctors would always notice her, and seeing that she couldn't see would
+open up and let her down to the front." After what Dr. Danforth considered
+a thorough clinical training, including visits to practically all the good
+hospitals in Chicago, Dr. Stone sailed for China with Dr. Kahn, reaching
+there in the autumn of 1896.
+
+
+
+
+II
+
+THE DANFORTH MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
+
+
+On their return to China, Dr. Stone and Dr. Kahn received a most
+enthusiastic welcome from the Chinese. It had been expected that it would
+be necessary for them to spend the first few months in overcoming
+prejudices and gradually building up confidence. But on the contrary,
+patients appeared the third day after their arrival, and kept coming in
+increasing numbers, until in December it became necessary to rent
+dispensary quarters and rebuild a Chinese house to serve as a hospital. Dr.
+Stone reported in July, 1897, that since October of the preceding year, she
+and Dr. Kahn had treated 2,352 dispensary patients, made 343 visits, and
+had thirteen patients in their little hospital, besides spending a month in
+Nanking visiting the hospitals there.
+
+The following year the little hospital was presented with what was probably
+its first, though by no means its last, "merit board." One of Dr. Stone's
+letters gives an account of this event:
+
+    "Two days ago we had quite an occasion. A child had been sick for a
+    long time, and the best Chinese physicians pronounced him
+    incurable. Then it was that they gave us a chance. He is recovering
+    and the parents, wanting to show their gratitude, gave us a 'merit
+    board,' thinking in this way they would 'spread our fame.'
+    Accordingly a day was selected to present the board to us, and we
+    prepared tea and cakes for those who would come. On the day
+    appointed at 2 P.M., we heard a lot of fire-crackers, rockets, and
+    guns, and a band playing the flute and bugle at the same time. The
+    'merit board,' consisting of a black board with four big carved and
+    gilded characters in the centre, and with red cloth over it, was
+    carried into our guest hall by four men, and set on the centre
+    table. The characters complimented us by a comparison with two
+    noted women of ancient times, who were great scholars. I
+    acknowledged the honour with a low Chinese bow, and a tall, elderly
+    gentleman returned me a bow, without a word being spoken by either
+    of us. Then I withdrew, and he took tea with two of our gentlemen
+    teachers. The company stayed to see the board put up on our wall."
+
+As the fame of the young physicians grew and their practice steadily
+increased, they found themselves greatly hampered by lack of a proper
+building in which to carry on their work. In 1898 Dr. Stone wrote back to
+America: "Our tiny hospital is crammed full. An observer might think that
+we carried home but a slight idea of hygiene. Our hospital measures on the
+outside 28 by 21 at Chinese feet (our foot is one inch longer than yours)
+and we have been compelled to crowd in twenty-one sleepers. The building
+being so small and not protected from the heat of the sun by any trees or
+awnings, by evenings it is fairly an oven, which is certainly not a very
+desirable place for sick people. We are looking forward all the time for
+signs or signals from the women of America to build our new hospital, but
+not a letter comes to bring us this kind of message. Still we are thankful
+for the hope of building some time."
+
+This hope was realized almost at once, largely through the generosity of
+the friend Dr. Stone had made in Chicago, Dr. I. N. Danforth, who felt that
+no more fitting memorial could be erected to his wife than a hospital for
+Chinese women and children. Dr. Stone and Dr. Kahn drew their own plans and
+sent them to Chicago, where they were perfected in every detail by an
+architect of that city, and sent back to Kiukiang with the necessary
+specifications and instructions. These plans were carried out to the letter
+and in 1900 an airy, grey brick building, finished with white granite and
+limestone, plentifully supplied with comfortable verandas, and bearing over
+its pillared entrance the name, "Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial
+Hospital," was ready for occupancy. But on the very day that the furniture
+was moved in, the American consul advised all foreign women and children to
+leave Kiukiang immediately. The other missionaries were so unwilling to
+leave the young doctors to face the possible dangers from the Boxers alone,
+that they finally prevailed upon them to go to Japan with them.
+
+The hospital escaped any injury, however, and in her report for 1900, Dr.
+Stone said: "Our new hospital is a comfort and constant inspiration to us
+in our work. We were indeed grateful, after half a year's enforced exile,
+to come home and find it intact and ready for use.... During six months
+there have been 3,679 dispensary patients, 59 in-patients, and 414 visits."
+
+[Illustration:
+Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial Hospital, Kiukiang, China]
+
+The hospital was formally opened on the seventh of December, 1901, during
+the annual meeting of the Central China Methodist Mission, held that year
+at Kiukiang. The _North China Daily Herald_ gives the following account
+of this interesting occasion:
+
+THE OPENING OF A MODEL HOSPITAL IN KIUKIANG
+
+    "On Saturday afternoon the 7th instant, some foreign residents of
+    Kiukiang, the members of the Methodist Central China Mission, and
+    many native friends gathered together at the formal opening of the
+    Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial Hospital, of which two ladies,
+    Drs. Stone and Kahn, are the physicians in charge. There were a
+    number of Chinese ladies, whose rich costumes showed the official
+    rank and wealth of husbands and fathers. The Chen-tai, prefect,
+    assistant prefect and magistrate added their official dignity to
+    the occasion. These were noticeably appreciative of the first hymn,
+    'God save the Emperor.'"
+
+    "Bishop Moore presided, formally opening the hospital; Mr.
+    Clennell, H.B.M., Consul for Kiukiang, gave a very good address, to
+    which Dr. Stuart, American Vice-consul of Nanking, made fitting
+    response. Then followed short, pithy speeches by Drs. Beebee and
+    Hart. The two heroines of the occasion kept modestly in the
+    background, refusing to be introduced, much to the disappointment
+    of the audience. The officials insisted that coming forward would
+    be in entire harmony with etiquette and propriety, but the Chinese
+    young ladies remained firm and were represented by their wise
+    teacher, Miss Howe, who has planned with them and for them since
+    their childhood. After refreshments guests were at liberty to
+    saunter across verandas and through the various wards, the room for
+    foreign patients, the convalescents' room, solarium, dark room,
+    offices, reception room, etc., of this admirably planned hospital.
+    The operating room with its skylight, its operating table of glass
+    and enamel; the adjoining sterilizing room, containing apparatus
+    for distilling, sterilizing, etc., are especially interesting to
+    Chinese visitors. The drug rooms are well stocked and furnished
+    with modern appliances, instruments, a fine microscope, battery,
+    etc., and there is the nucleus of an excellent library. Everywhere
+    one finds evidence of wise forethought and careful expenditure."
+
+[Illustration: Dr. Stone, Dr. Kahn, and Five of the Hospital Nurses]
+
+    "The Chinese have a high regard for the skill and ability of these
+    gifted young physicians. One sees this appreciation, not only in
+    the commendatory tablets hanging in the entrance hall, but in their
+    equally gracious and more serviceable gifts, which together with
+    fees amounted this year to about $2,500. The doctors have had
+    within the last twelve months, 7,854 patients and have made 531
+    out-visits. Their services have been requested by different
+    official families of Kiukiang and Nan-chang, the capital of
+    Kiangsi. Patients come to them from different provinces. The young
+    physicians fearlessly make journeys far out in the surrounding
+    country, crossing the mountains perhaps, but always in perfect
+    safety, as they meet only with respect and courtesy. Sometimes
+    after a successful visit their chairs will be draped with a red
+    cloth and the physicians will be carried home in triumph through an
+    admiring crowd, and accompanied all the way by fire-crackers. They
+    hear only pleasant and complimentary remarks from passersby. 'We
+    are afraid of foreigners, but you can understand our nature'--so
+    the simple-minded country folk sometimes tell them."
+
+Dr. Stone, describing the opening of the hospital to Dr. Danforth, wrote,
+"The Chinese were very much impressed with your way of commemorating your
+wife." Dr. Kahn added that one of the highest officials, who was being
+shown through the building, signified his approval by emphatically
+declaring, "It would make any one well merely to stay in such a pleasant
+place."
+
+As a matter of fact, work had been carried on in the new building for some
+time before the formal opening. It had been ready for occupancy none too
+soon, for in the summer of 1901, the Yangtse River overflowed its banks,
+working great havoc among the crops and homes of the people living near it.
+Dr. Stone wrote Dr. Danforth: "Tens of thousands have been rendered
+homeless and destitute. Some of them are literally starved to death. The
+sick and hungry flock to our gates, and for several months we have had over
+a thousand visits each month to our dispensary." Some idea of the part
+which the hospital played in relieving the sufferings of the flood refugees
+is given by an article in _Woman's Work in the Far East_, written by Dr.
+Stone at about this time:
+
+    "Perhaps friends would like to know how we dispensed the clothes
+    and quilts so kindly sent us. During the winter months very many
+    needy refugees came to our dispensary daily for treatment. Of
+    course we did not have enough clothes to distribute
+    indiscriminately, but only for those who were the most helpless and
+    miserable. We received them by hundreds, and not only had we to
+    give out medicine, but rice, as well as clothing."
+
+    "One morning when it was raining outside, an old woman came into
+    our dispensary all exhausted, carrying a child on her back, and
+    another buttoned in front within her clothes. The older one was a
+    boy three years old and the tiny baby in her bosom was only three
+    months old. They proved to be her grandchildren, and the old woman
+    said: 'Never in our lives have we gone out to beg before, and for
+    the last three days we have not had a morsel to eat. Before the
+    floods we were considered well-to-do people, and my son is forty
+    years old and a literary man; so he is too ashamed to beg, but
+    tries to help the family by gathering sticks for the fire. His
+    wife is sick in bed with typhoid fever and now the baby has no one
+    to nurse it, and the boy is sick, and I have to take care of them
+    all and beg for a living.' The woman had on only a lined garment,
+    so we gave her one of those wadded gowns that were sent us, and a
+    tin of milk for the baby, and also sent a little rice to make gruel
+    for the sick woman at home."
+
+This was only one of many cases of need which the hospital sought to
+alleviate. A few days after Christmas of this year Dr. Stone wrote to a
+friend in America: "What a busy time we had getting ready to celebrate the
+joyful event! We gave a good square meal to the refugees, and let them take
+home what they could not finish here. It made me feel happy to see them so
+pleased, and gave us an opportunity to tell them of the greatest Gift to
+mankind. Although we were so rushed that we did not even sit together to
+eat our regular meals, yet we felt it was the happiest Christmas we have
+ever had."
+
+In addition to the refugees larger numbers of regular patients than ever
+before were coming to the doctors for treatment. The new hospital had
+hardly been opened before Miss Howe wrote, "Patients who are able to bear
+their own expenses are being sent away, because the present accommodations
+are already overtaxed."
+
+Just at this time, when the doctors' growing reputation, and the increased
+facilities which the new buildings afforded, were greatly enlarging both
+opportunity and responsibility, the question of Dr. Kahn's going to
+Nanchang to open medical work there arose. It is not surprising that at
+first Dr. Stone wondered how she could spare her friend and fellow-worker,
+now that the work was greater than ever before, and every indication
+pointed to large growth in the future. But when she became convinced that
+the opportunity at Nanchang was too great to be neglected, and that only
+Dr. Kahn could meet it, she bade her God-speed and cheerfully accepted the
+added burden thus laid upon her.
+
+Left alone with the entire work in Kiukiang, Dr. Stone's hands were full
+indeed, as the answer which she gave to a request for a synopsis of her
+day's work shows: "We breakfast at half-past seven and then I go to the
+chapel in the hospital and conduct prayers for the inmates and patients
+able to attend. After prayers I make a general inspection of the hospital,
+and then I teach my class of nurses. I take young native girls in their
+teens and give them a thorough course of training such as they would get
+in America. I translate the English books into Chinese for them, and
+sometimes put the Chinese books into English too. Then I go to the
+dispensary and am busy there for hours.... In the afternoons I make calls,
+generally on women of rank who need my assistance and have been unable to
+get to the hospital. I return home only when here seems no further work for
+me that day."
+
+So far from decreasing in number after the medical force had been lessened
+by half, the stream of patients became larger than ever. A few weeks after
+Dr. Kahn had gone, Dr. Stone said, in a letter to Dr. Danforth: "For a long
+time I have been wanting to write to you, but have been so pressed with
+work that I had to let my correspondence suffer. Now I find that I must
+write to you to let you know how crowded we are already, at this season
+when we generally have a scarcity of patients, as it is Chinese New Year.
+Now that our work is better known we seem to draw a better class of people.
+I don't mean very rich people, but the well-to-do, thrifty class, who earn
+their way by labour. Just now I have to accommodate seven private patients
+who are paying their own way, with only two private rooms at my disposal.
+So what do you think I do? I had to put one in our linen room, one in the
+sewing room, one in a bathroom, and finally, as a last resort, we had to
+put one in the nurses' dining-room.... We generally have to put patients on
+the floor in summer, but I am afraid we will not have enough room to
+accommodate more even on the floor."
+
+Dr. Stone's dispensary patients soon averaged a thousand a month, and as
+the people's confidence grew, her surgical work also became much heavier.
+In 1906 she reported: "In looking over the record for the year we realize
+that we have advanced decidedly in gaining confidence with the people.
+_Tai-tais_ (ladies of rank) who formerly refused operations, returned to us
+for help."
+
+Often her work kept her busy far into the night and she not infrequently
+fell asleep from sheer exhaustion as she was carried home, in her sedan
+chair, from some difficult case in the country. Yet her work was well done.
+The tribute of a fellow-missionary was well deserved: "Dr. Stone is a tower
+of strength in herself and with her trained assistants carries the large
+work here nobly. She has been eminently successful in surgical cases and is
+having more and more to do in this line." Another, working in a different
+station, wrote, "It was my happy fortune to be the guest of another ideal
+Chinese woman, Dr. Mary Stone, at Kiukiang. I saw her in her model
+hospital, where every little wheel of the complicated machinery was
+adjusted to perfect nicety."
+
+As the work grew, it became evident that larger accommodations would soon
+be imperative, and Dr. Stone succeeded in securing some additional land.
+The first addition was a lot which she had long desired to enclose within
+the hospital grounds. For some time she was unable to do this because of a
+road which ran between, but in 1905 the road was moved to the other side of
+the lot, at her petition, and the land was included within the hospital
+compound. "Most of the neighbours have been patients and are friendly," one
+of her letters reports. "When the magistrate came to see about moving the
+road to the other side of the lot only one man objected. He was soon
+pacified by the magistrate's remark that 'the hospital here is for the
+public good, and when it is in our power to do it a service, we should
+gladly do it.'" Another piece of land was purchased during the same year,
+by money raised entirely from the Chinese.
+
+The next addition greatly delighted Dr. Stone's heart. Adjoining the
+hospital was a temple known as "The White Horse Temple." This was so close
+to the hospital that it made one of the wards on that side damp and dark,
+and, moreover, the noisy crowds of people who thronged it, and the beating
+of the temple gongs, made it a most undesirable neighbour for a hospital.
+Immediately after the annual meeting at which Dr. Stone had been enabled to
+report the purchase of the other lots, a cablegram came from America with
+the good news that $1,000 had been secured for the purchase of the temple
+and the lot on which it stood. Purchasing a temple is quite sure not to be
+an easy task, but in spite of many hindrances Dr. Stone succeeded in
+securing the lot and in making what she gleefully termed "a real Methodist
+conversion" of the temple into an isolation ward.
+
+In 1896 Dr. Stone had landed in China and with Dr. Kahn begun medical work
+in a small, rented Chinese building. In 1906 she found herself in sole
+charge of a large, finely equipped hospital for women and children, with a
+practice which was increasing so rapidly as to make constant additions to
+the hospital property necessary.
+
+[Illustration: General Ward of the Danforth Memorial Hospital]
+
+
+
+
+III
+
+WINNING FRIENDS IN AMERICA
+
+
+In 1907, after eleven years of almost unceasing labour, during four of
+which she had carried the growing work at Kiukiang entirely alone, except
+for the help of the nurses whom she herself had trained, Dr. Stone
+reluctantly laid down her beloved work for a few months. During the winter
+of 1906 she had a severe attack of illness which she herself diagnosed as
+appendicitis, and for which she directed treatment which brought her
+relief. But renewed attacks finally convinced her and her friends that she
+must submit to an operation if her life was to be saved. It was decided
+that she should go to an American hospital, for as a fellow physician
+located at another station of the mission wrote, "We all have a very high
+regard for her and her work, and wanted her to get the best that could be
+had." Moreover, it was a good opportunity to get her "away from China for a
+much-needed change and rest."
+
+Accordingly Dr. Stone, accompanied by her friend, Miss Hughes of the
+Kiukiang mission, sailed from Shanghai, February 9. President Roosevelt,
+who was acquainted with her work and knew of her serious condition, had a
+telegram sent to the Commissioner of Immigration at San Francisco, giving
+instructions that the Chinese physician be admitted with no delay or nerve
+strain. She was therefore passed at once, with all consideration and all
+possible help.
+
+From San Francisco Dr. Stone went straight to the Wesleyan Hospital in
+Chicago, that she might be under Dr. Danforth's care. The operation was
+entirely successful, and early in April, less than a month after reaching
+America, she was sufficiently recovered to take the trip to Miss Hughes'
+home in New Jersey, where she was to rest for a few weeks.
+
+Complete rest, however, was an impossibility to Dr. Stone, even during her
+convalescence, so long as there was any service she could render. Two weeks
+after her arrival Miss Hughes wrote Dr. Danforth that "our little doctor"
+was accompanying her to several of the meetings which she was addressing,
+and was "making friends right and left for her work." Boxes of instruments,
+pillows, and spreads for the hospital beds, a baby organ for the hospital,
+the support of a nurse, and other useful things were being promised by
+these new friends. "Her smiling face, with no word from her even, is a
+wonderful revelation to people who judge the Chinese by the putty-faced
+laundrymen, the only specimen of China they have ever seen," said Miss
+Hughes. Dr. Stone spent the month of May in New York, attending lectures
+and clinics in the hospitals there. As she was starting for Chicago at the
+end of May, she wrote Dr. Danforth:
+
+    "Do you think I shall be able to see much clinic in two weeks? That
+    is the only time allotted me, and my only hope is that you will be
+    the 'master of the situation,' and help me to spend every minute to
+    the best advantage.... I have attended as much clinic as I possibly
+    could this month, but it is awfully hard to get around in New York.
+    Do you suppose I would be able to go directly to Wesley Hospital
+    Monday, and do you think Dr. J---- would have the time and the
+    interest to show me the inside methods of the hospital? He wrote me
+    a most kind letter and invited me to do so.... Two weeks will mean
+    a lot if I can be right in the inside track of things. I want some
+    time on the eye and ear work, besides a few clinics on dermatology.
+    I know two weeks will not be enough for the much I want to see and
+    know, but since it is the only time I am to have, I know you will
+    help me to make the most of it."
+
+Thus did the indefatigable little doctor take the "much-needed rest" of
+which her friends in China had written. That she did make the most of her
+two weeks is testified to by Mrs. Danforth, who visited many of the
+hospitals with her, and who says: "In visiting the hospitals she never
+missed a thing. She saw everything--nothing escaped her notice, not even
+the laundries. She was always keenly alert for every idea that would
+improve her hospital."
+
+On her way back to the East, Dr. Stone stopped at Ann Arbor, for she was
+eager to revisit her "dear old campus," and the faculty under whom she had
+taken her medical work. "We had a lovely time in Ann Arbor," she said in
+writing to a friend. "Dr. Breakey, in whose home we stayed, arranged a
+meeting, or reception, where I saw most of my old professors. Then in the
+parsonage we met all the ladies of our church. Next day I had a meeting in
+the church."
+
+The next few months were filled with almost incessant labour, chiefly
+speaking and making friends for her work. The cordial responses which she
+met everywhere never became an old story to Dr. Stone and her letters are
+full of enthusiastic accounts of them. "Here at Silver Bay, a society wants
+to support a missionary and we hope to find the missionary to-night. The
+first was yesterday's work and the second we hope to gain to-day." Again,
+"Last night on the car we met a gentleman whom I know through my sister
+Anna, and after a few minutes' talk he wants to give me his camera, 5x7,
+for hospital work. Isn't that splendid?" Or, "This morning we went into a
+flower-seed store and what do you suppose the proprietor did but to give us
+the seeds, a big list of all kinds we wanted, and then offered to add a few
+more varieties. We are having lots of fun here."
+
+Dr. Stone met with no less enthusiasm in public meetings than in her
+contact with individuals. One of her hostesses tells of her remarkable
+success in arousing genuine interest in her work: "She spoke at churches
+very often while she was with us, and not once did she fail to get what she
+asked for. She did not ask for things in general but for definite
+things,--pillows for the beds, lamps for the gateway, etc. She is
+irresistible."
+
+The same friend tells of the glee with which Dr. Stone, whose English is
+perfect, delighted to learn modern slang phrases. After practising them in
+the bosom of the family she would sometimes innocently introduce them into
+her addresses, invariably bringing down the house thereby. At one meeting,
+after telling a most remarkable story, she remarked, "You may think this is
+a whopper, but it is true!"
+
+Reports of the meetings at which she spoke contain such items as this: "The
+pastor of St. James Church offered to duplicate all money given in the
+collection when Miss Hughes and Dr. Stone spoke. Six hundred and eighty-two
+dollars was the result. A gentleman present offered one hundred dollars for
+a speech from Dr. Stone in his church. The speech was made and one hundred
+and eighty-two dollars put in the treasury." Other items read: "At the
+district meeting a new auxiliary came into being in ---- Church. No one
+could resist Dr. Mary Stone's persuasive tones as she went up and down the
+aisles asking, 'Won't you join?' She told the people how much she needed a
+pump in Kiukiang and forthwith the pump materialized." The _New York
+Herald_ gave a long and enthusiastic report of her work, ending with the
+words: "'Am I not fortunate? And I am so grateful to be able to help a
+little!' is the modest way she sums up a work of magnitude sufficient to
+keep a corps of medical men busily employed."
+
+Everywhere this little Chinese woman made friends. The words of one of her
+hostesses are emphatic: "She was in our home for a month, and she is one of
+the most attractive women of any race I have ever met. She is so charming
+that she wins her way everywhere." "She is so gracious and cordial," said
+another. "She came into our family just as a member of it. I was not very
+well at the time and she gave me massage every night. Her whole life and
+her whole interest is in doing for others. And the wonderful thing about
+her is her ability to do so much." "No missionary that we have is more
+greatly loved," is the verdict of another.
+
+Dr. Stone greatly enjoyed her stay in America. "Dr. Danforth called my
+appendix 'that blamed thing,'" she said. "I call it that blessed thing,
+because it brought me to this country and people have been so kind to me."
+But she was eager to return to Kiukiang, and early in September was on her
+way back to China, rejoicing in renewed health and new friends for her
+work, and in the many gifts which were going to make that work more
+efficient.
+
+
+
+
+IV
+
+A VERSATILE WOMAN
+
+
+Chief among the gifts which Dr. Stone received for her work while in
+America, was the entire sum of money needed to build another wing to the
+hospital. The need of this wing had been felt for years, for the hospital
+had become crowded as soon as it was opened. Dr. Stone's ingenuity had been
+taxed to the utmost to enlarge the capacity of the original buildings, by
+putting patients into rooms designed for far different purposes, and even
+partitioning off sections of the halls for them. Still many whom she longed
+to take in had to be turned away. Many times it had seemed as if the
+much-needed addition were almost a reality. But the money would not be
+quite sufficient; or the contractors could not be secured; or prices of
+building material would rise and the cost would prove to be double that
+originally estimated; it seemed as if the wing were too elusive ever to
+materialize. On her return to Kiukiang work on the new wing was commenced,
+and it was finished the following autumn. This addition practically
+doubled the hospital work, and Miss Hughes wrote that Dr. Stone was in "the
+seventh or seventeenth heaven over it all."
+
+At the same time that the new wing was being built, a little bungalow was
+erected in the hills behind the city, where children with fevers could be
+sent to escape the intense heat of the summer months in Kiukiang. "The
+Rawling Bungalow is finished and the children are all up there for the
+summer," Dr. Stone wrote in 1908. "I know you will be delighted at this
+annex to the hospital. Of course it is only a bungalow ... but it is a
+blessed relief to have this place to which to send the sick little ones and
+those who otherwise would be left to suffer here all summer."
+
+As soon as the masons had finished their work on the new wing of the
+hospital they began on another new building just beside it; a home for the
+doctor and Miss Hughes, also a gift from friends in America. That, too, was
+completed by the end of 1908, and during Chinese New Year, a time when the
+hospital work was less pressing, Dr. Stone and Miss Hughes took a trip to
+Shanghai to buy furniture for it. It is easy for one who saw the doctor
+then to imagine the keenness with which she noticed every detail in the
+American hospitals, for while visiting in the homes of friends in Shanghai
+nothing escaped her quick eye. Miss Hughes' attention was constantly called
+to things that pleased the doctor's taste by her often reiterated, "Look
+here! We must have this in our home." "Miss Hughes and I shall try to make
+our home so homey," she wrote to a friend, "and we shall open it for
+everybody, the everyday, common folks as well as the _Tai-tais_."
+
+The next addition to the hospital property was a home for the nurses, money
+for which had been pledged during Dr. Stone's stay in America. As soon as
+the funds were sent out building was commenced, and in March, 1909, the
+nurses moved into their new home. The accommodations of the hospital were
+thus enlarged still further, and moreover the nurses had a far more restful
+environment in which to spend the hours when they were off duty.
+
+[Illustration: Nurses of the Danforth Memorial Hospital]
+
+One who met Dr. Stone in America spoke of the great impression made upon
+her by the doctor's ability to do many things. The demands upon the
+physician in entire charge of the large Danforth Memorial Hospital are
+indeed many and varied, but Dr. Stone has proved equal to them all.
+
+She is a good general practitioner. Probably the best proof of this is
+the number of patients who throng the hospital gates. In 1908 she reported,
+"Last month we saw over 1,700 people in the hospital and dispensary, and in
+April we saw over 1,800." A year later she wrote, "Taking the statistics
+for last month I found we treated 2,743 in the month of April." Her
+successful treatment of the most difficult diseases is all the more
+remarkable to one who knows the tendency of many Chinese not to consult a
+physician until the patient is at the point of death. Their utter lack of
+knowledge of the simplest rules for the care of the sick, and the dreadful
+surroundings in which so many of them live, produce, in those who are
+brought to the doctor after long weeks of suffering, conditions which are
+almost too terrible to describe.
+
+The words of a fellow-missionary throw light on the difficult character of
+Dr. Stone's work:
+
+    "Talk of missionary work! People at home don't know the meaning of
+    the word! Here is this plucky little woman in the midst of this
+    awful heat--I dare not go outside of a shaded room until after the
+    sun is down at night--treating anywhere from twenty to fifty
+    patients in the dispensary every day, and her charity ward filled
+    with the most trying, difficult, repulsive cases of suffering
+    humanity. Missionary work? Why you don't even _find_ such cases as
+    she has every day, in the hospitals of America. How the people live
+    as long as they do--how these poor little suffering children
+    survive until they get to the state they are in when brought to the
+    hospital, is more than I can understand."
+
+Dr. Edward C. Perkins, who visited Dr. Stone for several days, lays similar
+emphasis on the serious condition in which the doctor finds those who apply
+to her for treatment. "The cases which came to the dispensary were sorely
+in need of help. This was, I think, the invariable rule. Such cases they
+were as do not often come to the observance of physicians in this country,
+and some familiarity with the dispensaries of four of the large hospitals
+in New York City, has almost failed to show such need as the little doctor
+sees continually."
+
+No physician in China can be a specialist. One of Dr. Stone's letters shows
+the variety of diseases which she is called upon to treat. "Women come to
+us almost dead; paralyzed, blind, and helpless.... We have in the isolation
+wards, measles; and in the contagious rooms, locked up, leprosy; an insane
+woman locked up in her room; typhoid, tuberculosis, paralyzed women and
+children, ulcer cases such as you would never dream of, surgical cases of
+all kinds, and internal cases too numerous to mention."
+
+A letter from a Kiukiang missionary tells of one woman who came to the
+hospital with "not a square inch of good flesh on her entire body." Fingers
+and toes were so diseased as to be dropping off, and the poor woman's
+suffering was unspeakable. Dr. Stone put her in isolation, and taking every
+precaution with gloves and antiseptics, herself washed and dressed the
+repulsive sores, in spite of the sufferer's protests, "Oh, doctor, don't
+touch me. I am too filthy for your pure hands to touch." This she did every
+day, until, her sores completely healed, the woman was discharged from the
+hospital a few weeks later.
+
+Hon. Charles M. Dow of Jamestown, N.Y., who was taking a trip around the
+world, met Bishop Lewis on a Yangtse-kiang steamer, and was invited by him
+to stop off at Kiukiang to make the acquaintance of a remarkable surgeon of
+that city. Great was Mr. Dow's astonishment when the surgeon appeared and
+proved to be "a small and very attractive native Chinese woman."
+
+Dr. Stone is so small that she has to stand on a stool to reach her
+operating table; but Dr. Danforth's testimony is that she is performing the
+largest operations known to surgery, and that no Chicago surgeon is doing
+work superior to hers. Moreover she has no fellow physicians to assist her
+in her surgical work. The most delicate operations, for which an American
+surgeon would call in the assistance of brother physicians, internes, and
+the most expert of graduate nurses, are performed by Dr. Stone entirely
+unaided except for the faithful nurses whom she has herself trained. Only
+at rare intervals does she receive a visit from a fellow physician such as
+Dr. Perkins of New York, who, in an interesting account of his stay at
+Kiukiang, tells of performing his first major operation "in her operating
+room and under her direction."
+
+At first the people were afraid to submit to operations, but the doctor's
+marked success with those who permitted her to operate soon overcame their
+fear. The results of her skilful use of the knife have been most marvellous
+to them. That a young woman of over twenty, who could not be betrothed
+because of a hare lip reaching into the nose, with a projection of the
+maxillary bone between the clefts, could be successfully operated on and
+transformed into a marriageable maiden, seemed nothing short of miraculous.
+Nor was it less wonderful to them that an old woman could, by an operation,
+be relieved of an abdominal tumor from which she had suffered for sixteen
+years, and which, when removed, weighed fifty-two pounds. "The people
+appreciate surgery more and more," reads one of Dr. Stone's recent letters.
+"A lot of the tuberculosis patients who have seen the quick results from
+operations want me to operate on their lungs."
+
+Another large department of Dr. Stone's work has been the training of her
+nurses. This has been an absolute necessity, for, as Dr. Stone said: "When
+I found I had to run a hospital with accommodations for 100 beds, and an
+out-patient department with sometimes 120 patients a day, I at once found I
+had to multiply myself by training workers. These workers I selected from
+various Christian schools with good recommendations as to qualifications. I
+do not dare to take into training any one who has failed as a teacher or in
+any line of work, because nursing is an art still in its embryo. To succeed
+in this profession one must not only know how to read and write, but also
+know arithmetic and some English."
+
+The course of study which Dr. Stone gives her nurses is about the same as
+that prescribed by the regular training schools, or hospitals, in America.
+To do this she has had to translate several English text-books into
+Chinese for the use of her students. The reliable and efficient nurses who
+have completed the course and are now her trusted assistants in all her
+work, have amply repaid her for all the time and labour she has expended
+upon this part of her work.
+
+In an article on "Hospital Economics" she speaks of the efficient service
+of these nurses:
+
+    "I am blessed with five consecrated young women," she says, "who
+    have completed a course of nursing and studies with me, and I have
+    divided the work into different departments, holding them
+    responsible for the work and for the younger nurses under them. For
+    instance, one of the graduates is the matron, who looks after all
+    the housekeeping and the accounts, watching for the best market
+    time for buying each article in connection with the diet, the best
+    foodstuff for the money expended, and looks after each and all of
+    the servants so that they do their work properly. Another graduate
+    nurse looks after the dispensary, the filling of prescriptions, the
+    weighing and compounding of medicines, and superintends the sale of
+    drugs in that department. Another one has charge of all in-patients
+    upstairs, and another downstairs, including private cases, with
+    junior nurses under her. These look after the special diet, and the
+    carrying out of orders in all the wards and the charting of
+    records. (This is done in English.) Still another nurse has charge
+    of the operating room, with all of the sterilization necessary for
+    all major and minor operations, the distillation of water, and the
+    responsibility of going out to cases with the doctor. In this way
+    it is arranged that in case of all operations the one doctor has
+    her assistants in the operating room, and yet does not interfere
+    with the regular working of the hospital."
+
+"Dr. Stone is multiplying herself many-fold by her splendid training of
+nurses in the Kiukiang hospital," is the verdict of Mrs. Bashford, wife of
+the Methodist Missionary Bishop of China. She has watched Dr. Stone's work
+with keen and intelligent interest, and her opinion seems to be justified
+by the results. When after weeks of unusual strain Dr. Stone was persuaded
+to take a short vacation in the mountains back of Kiukiang, her corps of
+fourteen nurses, five of them graduates, kept up the work of the hospital,
+and treated about eighty patients a day in the dispensary. Twice, in answer
+to telegrams, Dr. Stone returned to Kiukiang, only to find each time that
+everything had been done to her entire satisfaction. "Were it not for the
+efficient help I have from my nurses, I should not be able to manage this
+work at all," she says.
+
+Doubtless one great reason for Dr. Stone's success in raising up efficient
+workers is her confidence in them, and her sympathetic attitude toward
+them. "I believe many a valued worker is lost to her profession through
+lack of sympathy and encouragement when needed," she once said. "Surely the
+Lord values the workers as well as His work, and we who want our work to
+prosper cannot afford to ignore the interests of those upon whom we depend
+so largely for success."
+
+The nurses in turn have a pride in the hospital as great as the doctor's
+own, and are as devoted to it. "The nurses are fine in standing up for our
+standard of cleanliness," Dr. Stone wrote to a fellow-physician. "For
+instance, when this patient came (a very poor woman) the nurses got hold of
+her, bathed her, and put her in our clean, white clothes and tucked her
+away in one of these clean white beds in no time.... She begged to keep the
+bandages on her bound feet. 'No,' the nurses said, 'such dirty bandages in
+our clean bed! No!'"
+
+Writing to Dr. Danforth of her first graduating class, Dr. Stone said: "You
+may ask if they are going to run away and earn large sums for themselves.
+No, they are going to stay and help me in the hospital work, or earn money
+for the hospital. You see, I assign each one to a department of work, and
+she is the head-nurse of that department. Then by turn I send them out to
+do private nursing, and the sums they earn are turned into the hospital for
+caring for the poor who cannot help themselves. Mrs. Wong is nursing Mrs.
+B---- of our own mission at Nanking, and when she comes back Miss Chang
+will be sent to Wuhu to nurse a lady of another mission. Dr. Barrie, of
+Kuling, has written to me to engage several for the new hospital at Kuling
+for foreigners during this summer season. I told him I could accommodate
+him because I have three other classes in training.... The spirit has been
+most beautiful among the nurses. Many of them take their afternoon 'off
+duty' to do evangelistic work in the homes of patients."
+
+The well-trained corps of nurses is one of the most convincing testimonies
+to that of which the whole hospital is a proof--the administrative ability
+of the physician in charge. No detail of a well-managed hospital, from the
+record files and wheel stretchers to the hand-power washing machine, is
+neglected. Nevertheless the hospital is conducted with true economy. Dr.
+Stone defines economy as "the art which avoids all waste and extravagance
+and applies money to the best advantage. It is not economy to buy cheap
+furniture that has to be replaced all the time. It is poor economy to buy
+cheap food and let patients suffer for lack of nourishment.... It is poor
+economy to use cheap drugs and drug your patient's life out. It is poor
+economy to use wooden beds and have to patronize Standard Oil to keep them
+clean. It is also poor economy not to use sheets and thin quilts, instead
+of the heavy comfortables the Chinese have, just in order to save the heavy
+washing and disinfection. It is poor economy to have cheap servants who can
+do nothing. With trained workers to look after instruments, instead of
+having to depend on servants, I find instruments last longer." As a result,
+the universal testimony of those who visit the hospital is, "Dr. Stone has
+one of the finest hospitals we have ever seen."
+
+From the outset the doctor's ideal has been to make the medical work as
+largely self-supporting as possible. Of course many of those most in need
+of medical aid could pay nothing for it, nor for their medicines, nor even,
+if they were in-patients, for their food. Others, however, could pay
+something, and still others were able to pay in full. Soon after work in
+the Danforth Hospital was begun, Dr. Stone wrote: "Our ordinary charge for
+food is sixty cash a day or two dollars per month. For private rooms they
+pay ten to twenty dollars, according to the kind of room they have.
+Occasionally we meet some generous Chinese who give freely and thus help a
+great deal our poor patients, some of whom cannot even pay for their rice.
+For instance, one man has paid three hundred dollars this year for his
+wife, who is still here for treatment, and will probably give more when she
+is through. Another man has given one hundred and forty dollars for his
+wife's treatment. Last quarter we received over four hundred dollars, and
+this quarter over five hundred dollars here. We are getting to have more of
+the well-to-do patients."
+
+A letter written in 1905 tells of ways in which the Chinese assist the
+hospital financially: "It has been my privilege to minister unto many of
+this poor class of people with the fees I receive from the rich. So often I
+find in the morning I earn a good fee, and in the evening I spend it on a
+very poor case. Lately I have been sending a subscription book around. I
+first sent it to the highest official here, and it was immediately returned
+with fifty dollars. It encouraged me very much, for I know the work is
+approved of by the officials and the common people, and they are both
+helping all they can." Once she reported that at a time when the financial
+outlook was unusually discouraging, an unknown non-Christian Chinese sent a
+messenger several hundred _li_ with a gift of money to relieve the
+situation.
+
+Patients who cannot afford to pay anything, but who can use their hands,
+are given sewing to do, and in this way make some contribution toward the
+expenses of the work. The nurses, too, who have received training from the
+hospital, either give their services or the money which they receive from
+private cases. Thus, in various ways, many of the running expenses are met
+on the field, but as so much work is done for the poor, the physician's
+salary and the larger part of the equipment have come from friends in
+America.
+
+Even in the interior of China, and in the midst of the most active of
+lives, Dr. Stone has never ceased to be a student. Early in her work she
+wrote to a friend in America who was also a physician, "We feel that in
+order to keep up in our profession we need occasionally some of the latest
+works, especially since medical science is one of the most progressive of
+all." Subsequent letters are full of commissions such as, "I need an
+English and Latin dictionary very much in the work. Will you buy one--a
+good one--for me?" "Will you kindly buy Hyde's work on 'Venereal Diseases,'
+not on Skin, for I have that." Or "I should like very much to have a work
+on Hygiene. You know the Chinese have such primitive ideas on that subject,
+and if I can get a good standard book I can pick out and translate for the
+benefit of the people. Then if there is still anything left, I would like a
+small book on bandaging and massage, for I want to train new nurses.
+Occasionally, when you see something new and well-tested, such as articles
+you think will help my work, especially anything on tuberculosis, cholera,
+hydrophobia, etc., etc., just remember the back number in China, won't
+you?"
+
+With keen recognition of the inestimable value which her scientific study
+and training have been to her in her work, Dr. Stone has never failed to
+remember the great Source of motive and power, and has ever been eager to
+share with her patients the joy and peace of the Christian religion. Every
+morning she conducts a service in the hospital chapel for the employees of
+the hospital, and such of the patients as are able to attend. At the same
+time the nurses are holding a similar service in the ward upstairs. While
+the dispensary patients are waiting their turn in the examining room, one
+or more Bible women utilize the time by telling them the truths of
+Christianity. Dr. Stone's own mother has done such work for years, morning
+after morning, among her daughter's dispensary patients.
+
+One of the other missionaries at Kiukiang tells of going through the
+hospital one evening, as the nurses were getting the patients settled for
+the night. She noticed a low murmur which she did not at first understand,
+until she saw that at every bed someone was in prayer. Here a mother was
+kneeling by the side of her little suffering son; there another mother of
+high rank was praying that the life of the baby by whose crib she knelt
+might be spared to her. In one corner a woman had crept out of bed and was
+kneeling with her face to the floor; in other places those who were too
+sick to leave their beds were softly praying in them.
+
+The nurses are all Christian women, able to minister to the spiritual as
+well as the physical. Dr. Perkins says of them: "The nurses, too, are
+strongly evangelistic in their thought and effort, and even to one who
+could not understand the language, the atmosphere of Christian harmony and
+the remarkable lack of friction in a place so busy and so constantly full
+of problems, was very noticeable."
+
+One night Dr. Stone went into the room of a patient who had been greatly
+dreading a serious operation which she was to undergo the next day, to be
+greeted with a radiant face and the words, "Oh, doctor, I'm not afraid now
+of the operation. I've been talking to your God." Earlier in the evening
+one of the youngest of the nurses had found her crying bitterly and the old
+woman had told her: "I'm so afraid of the operation. You see the other
+woman you told me of was a Christian and of course your God helped her.
+I've never worshipped your God. I never knew of Him before and He may not
+help me." "Why, you needn't cry over that!" the little nurse assured her.
+"Our God doesn't blame you when no one had told you about Him. Now that you
+know, if you love Him and pray to Him, He will help you." Then she knelt
+down beside her and taught her how to pray to Him. After the operation was
+over and the patient, fully recovered, was going back to her village, she
+said to the doctor, "I am the first one in our village to hear of Jesus.
+Won't you come _soon_ to my people and tell them."
+
+Dr. Stone's letters and reports are full of accounts of the way in which,
+from the beginning, the work of the hospital has brought the knowledge of
+the Great Physician to those whose bodies had been so tenderly cared for by
+His followers that their hearts were very open. Whole families, sometimes
+almost entire communities, have become Christian as a result of the medical
+work. An interesting instance of the way in which the hospital's influence
+is spread by its patients is the case of a little girl, eight years old,
+who unbound her feet while in the hospital, and became so ardent an
+advocate of natural feet that after she had returned to the village in
+which she lived, she and her father succeeded in persuading three hundred
+families to pledge that their daughters should have natural feet.
+
+It is quite impossible to separate Dr. Stone's definitely religious work
+from her medical work; for while Sunday afternoons and the chapel hour in
+the morning are set aside by her for purely evangelistic work, her
+Christian faith permeates all that she does. In the first years of her
+practice she did some itinerating work, but now that the work is so large
+and she is the only physician in charge, she has had to give that up. The
+nurses, however, still carry it on. "You see, while I am practically tied
+to the place," writes the doctor, "it gives so much happiness to be able
+to send out workers like these and to spread our influence. As the nurses
+say, they will be able to send a lot of patients back to the hospital. You
+see the more work we have the merrier we are."
+
+Every time an evangelistic worker goes out on the district, one of the
+nurses accompanies her, and with ointments, simple medicines, bandages,
+vaccine, etc., treats several hundred patients in the country beyond the
+reach of physicians. At one time in the bitter cold weather of winter a
+message came from a distant village where smallpox was raging, asking that
+a nurse be sent to treat the sick people and vaccinate those who had not
+yet taken the disease. One woman in that village had once been at the
+hospital, and it was through her that the call came. One of the nurses at
+once volunteered to go, and with a Bible woman and a reliable man-servant
+she took the trip down the river, in a little sampan, to the smitten
+village. During four days she treated over one hundred patients not only in
+the village, but also in the region round about; for she and the Bible
+woman walked thirty _li_ every day to sufferers in the country. While the
+nurse worked, the Bible woman preached, and in this way hundreds of people
+heard of Christianity for the first time. As Dr. Stone says, "The cry now
+is not for open doors, for we have free entrance into the homes of the rich
+and poor. What we need now is an efficient force of trained evangelistic
+workers to ... follow up the seed thus sown broadcast on such receptive
+soil." This need the Training School for Bible Women is helping to meet.
+
+Mrs. Stephen Baldwin writing to Dr. Danforth said, "The Lord honoured your
+investment by placing in it one of the most wonderful doctors in all this
+world." But Dr. Stone is not only a physician, but an all-round woman. "She
+is equal to any sudden call to speak," said one who heard her often when
+she was in America. A report of the Missionary Conference at Kuling, China,
+states that "Dr. Stone's paper on 'Hospital Economics' was the finest
+feature of an attractive conference." At the request of this conference she
+prepared a leaflet on the diet suited to Chinese schoolgirls, and a few
+years ago wrote a very useful book on the subject: "Until the Doctor
+Comes."
+
+"I observed her in her home," writes a missionary who stopped at Kiukiang
+for a few days _en route_ to Peking, "a housewifely woman, thoughtful of
+every detail that might ensure a guest's comfort. In a single month
+recently she treated 1,995 women and children, yet she is not too busy to
+be a gracious hostess. Chinese ladies delight to visit her, and such is the
+influence of this modest woman that the Hsien's wife has unbound her feet."
+
+It may well be questioned, great as are Dr. Stone's achievements, which is
+of more value, the actual work she is doing, or the inspiration which her
+efficient, self-sacrificing Christian life is bringing to the awakened
+womanhood of the new China. The words of Miss Howe regarding Dr. Stone and
+Dr. Kahn indicate their influence: "They seem to be an inspiration to the
+girls and women of all classes. When our schoolgirls learn of anything 'the
+doctors' did when they were pupils, they seem to think they have found
+solid ground on which to set their feet." A letter from another
+fellow-worker stated that Dr. Stone was to give the address at the
+graduation exercises of the class of 1909 of the Nanking Normal School for
+Women at which the viceroy and "other notables of China" were to be
+present. Dr. Stone was greatly touched when the daughter-in-law of a
+viceroy once said to her that she would gladly give up all her servants,
+her beautiful clothes, her jewels, even her position, if she could lead a
+useful life like hers, instead of making one of the many puppets in the
+long court ceremonies, with nothing to think of except her appearance, and
+nothing to do but kill time.
+
+It is a great joy to the doctor to have a part in bringing about a
+realization of the achievements of which Chinese women are capable, and she
+has been willing to make any sacrifice necessary to do this. Soon after Dr.
+Kahn's transfer to Nanchang had left her with almost double work, Dr.
+Danforth wrote that he had found a nurse in one of the Chicago hospitals
+who was willing to go to China, and asked Dr. Stone what she would think of
+having her come to the Danforth Hospital. Dr. Stone replied that while she
+would take her if Dr. Danforth wished, she would really rather not, on the
+whole. Personally, she said, she would have been very glad to have her
+come, but she was eager that her work should accomplish two things which it
+could accomplish only if it were purely Chinese: first, that it should
+convince the Chinese women themselves that they are able to do things of
+which they have never dreamed; and, second, that it should show the people
+of other nations that the only reason why Chinese women have for centuries
+lived such narrow lives is that they have not had opportunity to develop
+their native powers. She feared that if an American nurse came to the
+hospital it would look as if the purely Chinese work had failed, and that
+it had been necessary to call in help from America.
+
+Accordingly, although Dr. Stone has sometimes been forced to admit that her
+work has been so heavy as to tax both heart and strength to the utmost, she
+has carried it all these years with no help, except from the nurses she has
+trained. She has counted no task too hard, no labour too constant, if she
+may thereby benefit her countrywomen physically, intellectually, or
+spiritually. "She does not spare herself," one of her friends writes, "she
+seems unable to do so, and is too tender-hearted to turn the suffering away
+for her own need."
+
+The past year has brought peculiar burdens to the doctor. She carried on
+her regular hospital work as usual, until the disturbances caused by the
+Revolution came so near that all the women and children in the schools and
+hospital were ordered into the foreign concession. This order came at
+night, and by two o'clock the next morning not a patient was left in the
+hospital.
+
+Dr. Stone turned over the hospital to the revolutionary leaders, and each
+day she and her trained nurses cared for the injured soldiers sheltered in
+it. The leaders of the Revolution urged her to wear the white badge which
+was their emblem, but she told them that while her sympathies were with
+them, as a Red Cross physician she must remain neutral, that she might be
+able to render assistance to the wounded on both sides. Her explanation was
+courteously accepted, and an armed guard was furnished to escort her to and
+from the hospital each morning and evening.
+
+When the Manchu governor of Nanchang was captured he was taken to Kiukiang,
+where, in chagrin at his imprisonment, he attempted suicide. Deserted by
+his servants and soldiers, he would have died alone and uncared for had it
+not been for Dr. Stone, for no one else dared to go near him. Dr. Stone and
+two of her nurses cared for him until the death which they could not
+prevent, but which they made far easier than it would otherwise have been.
+It was this same governor who, but a few months before, had refused Dr.
+Stone the rights of Chinese citizenship because, in purchasing land for a
+men's hospital at Kiukiang, she was buying property for foreigners.
+
+When the leaders of the revolutionary party learned that their prisoner
+had committed suicide they were greatly disturbed. None of them dared to
+carry the news to General Ma, lest, in accordance with an old Oriental
+custom, he should punish the bearer of ill tidings. In their perplexity
+they went to Dr. Stone and asked her to take the news to the general.
+Accordingly the little doctor, accompanied only by one of her nurses, went
+to the general's headquarters to break the news to him. It is significant,
+not only of the universal respect accorded the doctor, but also of the new
+position accorded woman in China, that these women, who ventured unattended
+into a soldiers' camp, were received with every courtesy. General Ma asked
+the doctor many questions about her work, and at the close of their
+interview exclaimed, "When things are settled once more, I intend to find
+support for such a work; the Chinese ought to help it."
+
+Because of the disturbances caused by the Revolution, many students in the
+Kiukiang schools returned to their homes. The family of one young woman
+insisted that she make use of this enforced vacation to become married to
+the young Chinese to whom she had long been engaged. The marriage was
+unwelcome to her, for she was a Christian and the man was not, but as she
+was the only Christian in her family she received no sympathy from them,
+and the wedding was set for Christmas day. The parents, however, yielded to
+their daughter's earnest desire for a Christian ceremony, and her brother
+was dispatched to Kiukiang to seek Dr. Stone, who had been eminently
+successful in all kinds of operations and might surely be relied upon to
+tie a satisfactory marriage knot. Dr. Stone accordingly left all her
+Christmas engagements, and accompanied by a Chinese pastor and one of her
+nurses, set out, through a heavy snow storm, for the girl's home. When the
+wedding guests were all assembled, Dr. Stone said that she would like to
+say a few words before the ceremony took place, and for an hour and a half
+she told her hearers of the Christian good tidings. The result was that
+when the wedding was over the mother and father of the bride brought their
+idols to her, and allowed their daughter to apply the match to them, for
+both had determined to become Christians. The father said that he wished
+other people to hear the good things Dr. Stone had told them, and would
+give the land for a Christian school. The bridegroom volunteered to do the
+carpenter work which would be necessary before a school could be opened,
+and now the young wife is teaching a group of children who have entered
+this new Christian school, and in the new home husband and wife daily unite
+in morning prayers.
+
+After the Revolution was practically over, but conditions were still so
+unsettled as to make it unwise to reopen the hospital, Dr. Stone and
+several of her nurses made a trip to a number of towns in the region around
+Kiukiang. In a recent letter Dr. Stone tells of being given a piece of land
+by the influential people in one of these towns, with the earnest entreaty
+that she leave a nurse there to carry on a permanent medical work. She
+could make them no definite promise, but is hoping that friends in America
+will make it financially possible to support a nurse and dispensary where
+they are so greatly needed.
+
+Truly the Chinese women are blessed in having so perfect an embodiment of
+the ideal woman of the great new China in this unassuming physician, whom a
+friend who has known her from babyhood declares to have the most perfect
+Christian character of any one she knows. After his visit in Kiukiang, Dr.
+Perkins exclaimed: "Such a wonderful woman as Dr. Mary Stone is! I do not
+know of any good quality she does not possess"; and one who has had an
+intimate acquaintance with the college women of America says: "What a
+marvel Dr. Stone is! To me she is unexcelled in charm, in singleness of
+purpose, and all-round efficiency, by any other woman I have ever known."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+YU KULIANG
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: Yu Kuliang]
+
+
+
+
+YU KULIANG
+
+
+The same year that little Mary Stone first saw the light, on almost the
+same day, in another part of the same city, another little girl was born, a
+member of the same proud old family whose line runs back so many years into
+Chinese antiquity. Unlike Mary Stone, she was not born into a Christian
+home, but it was a home where the parents truly loved each other, and one
+in which she might have spent a very happy childhood, had not the young
+father died while she was still a baby.
+
+The mother, broken-hearted over her husband's death, decided to become a
+Taoist nun and devote the remainder of her life to the search for truth.
+With her baby she shut herself up in a little hut outside of the city,
+seeing no one, and giving her whole time to the care of the child and her
+efforts to find truth. The members of her family, which is one of the
+wealthiest and most aristocratic in Kiukiang, were greatly pleased with
+what they considered an eminently virtuous resolve for a young widow to
+make, and applied to the Emperor for his approval of the course she had
+decided to follow. This being heartily given, they built a very comfortable
+home for her on the outskirts of Kiukiang. The building was christened
+Purity Hall, and over its gateway were placed large placards announcing the
+imperial sanction of the life which the young widow had chosen for herself
+and her child.
+
+Here the little girl grew to womanhood, knowing no companionship except
+that of her mother and her teachers. Her mother employed the best possible
+Chinese teachers for her, and she early learned to read the books of the
+three religions of China, that she might join her mother in her pursuit of
+truth. She seldom left the house, and no one but her teachers ever entered
+it, but day after day she pored over the books on Taoism, Buddhism, and
+Confucianism until she had read them all. She, too, became a Taoist nun,
+but continued in the worship and study of Buddhism and Confucianism also,
+determined to find the _true_ religion.
+
+She even surpassed her mother in the ardour of her search for truth, for
+she spent twelve entire years, in periods of three years each, in one room
+of the house, living in the most absolute seclusion, not seeing her
+mother, speaking to no one, and hearing no voice, for three years at a
+time. After such a vigil she came out into the rest of the house for a
+year, then went back for another three years of solitude. In one corner of
+this room were the shrine and the altar before which Yu Kuliang knelt hour
+after hour during the years of her long vigil, and the idols, large and
+small, of wood and stone, which were her only companions. She always kept
+three sticks of incense burning before the shrine, one for each religion,
+that she might be sure not to make a mistake. In the ardour of her devotion
+she even made offerings of pieces of her own flesh to the idols. Her whole
+body, even her face, was covered with the ugly round scars caused by this
+self-mutilation.
+
+When Yu Kuliang was a woman of thirty-two she learned that the Stones were
+her cousins, and of her own accord went to call on them. Thereafter the
+doors of "Purity Hall," so long fast closed to all, were thrown open to the
+Stone family. Yu Kuliang and her cousin Dr. Mary Stone, born at almost the
+same time, living, and having always lived, lives as totally different as
+two lives could be, became fast friends. To Dr. Stone, Yu Kuliang frankly
+confessed that an entire life spent in seeking truth had not brought her
+success. She was very willing to listen to all that Dr. Stone had to tell
+her of the truth which she had found, and finally even succeeded in
+summoning up sufficient courage to attend the Sunday morning church
+service. Her years of seclusion had made her so timid, and so afraid of
+mingling among people, however, that the first time she came to the church
+she disguised herself in the garb of a Chinese man. Dr. Stone gave her a
+Bible and she began the study of it at once, with the same earnestness and
+determination to find truth that she had shown in her study of the books of
+the Chinese religion.
+
+After she had once gained courage to attend the church service she came
+frequently, no longer in man's clothes, nor in the coarse, grey cotton
+costume of the Taoist nun, which she discarded soon after knowing Dr.
+Stone, but in the ordinary dress of the Chinese woman. She became a
+frequent visitor to the hospital, too, where she loved to follow Dr. Stone
+from ward to ward, or to sit beside her in the dispensary as she cared for
+the suffering women and children who flocked there daily.
+
+Finally Dr. Stone invited her to come to her for a week's visit, hardly
+daring to hope that she would do so; for she had never, since entering
+"Purity Hall" as a baby, spent a night outside of it. But she consented,
+and gladly drank in all that Dr. Stone and the doctor's mother told her of
+the truth which she had so long sought. One day soon after she had gone
+home, when Dr. Stone was calling on her and her mother, the mother drew Dr.
+Stone aside and said, "Since my daughter came back from your house she
+hasn't been upstairs to see the idols once." After years of ceaseless
+devotion to them, Yu Kuliang had forsaken her idols, and was turning toward
+the living God. Soon afterward, when it was necessary for Dr. Stone to go
+to America for an operation, and for Miss Hughes, who was in charge of the
+Bible Woman's Training School, to accompany her, Yu Kuliang came and asked
+that she might enter the school when Miss Hughes returned from America. But
+when Dr. Stone and Miss Hughes returned to China, they found Yu Kuliang
+suffering from tuberculosis. The long years of self-inflicted imprisonment
+had left her with no vitality to resist, and the disease was making rapid
+progress.
+
+Soon after the doctor's return, Yu Kuliang's mother went away for a visit
+of some days. One afternoon during her absence, when Dr. Stone and Miss
+Hughes were calling on Yu Kuliang, she told them that she was studying the
+Bible, and trying to pray, and added: "I never go near the idols any more.
+They are all upstairs in my old cell." Dr. Stone at once said: "If you no
+longer believe in the idols, get rid of them. Give them to us." Yu Kuliang
+assented immediately, saying, "Take them if you want to," and went upstairs
+with Dr. Stone to get them. They brought down a Buddha and a goddess of
+mercy, which, after a few moments of further talk and prayer, Dr. Stone and
+Miss Hughes took away with them, Yu Kuliang watching them without a murmur.
+
+The next day Dr. Stone and her mother went to see Yu Kuliang again, and
+with her consent and approval chopped to pieces a huge wooden idol, which
+was too large to carry away. When they were wondering what they should do
+with the stump of the body, Yu Kuliang exclaimed, "Throw the horrid thing
+into the ditch!" Thus passed out of her life the idols to which she had
+prayed for hours at a time, before which she had burned numberless sticks
+of incense, beside which she had lived and slept, and which she had made
+her most constant companions all the years of her life. The old temple
+bell, which had for years been used to call the gods from sleep, was given
+to Dr. Stone on the same day.
+
+But when Yu Kuliang's mother returned she was furiously angry--not at the
+daughter to whom she was devoted, but at those who had turned her away from
+her idols. Dr. Stone took the old woman's hands in hers and pleaded with
+her: "You know your daughter does not believe in idols, you know the misery
+of her life, you know how she longs for peace; and as long as you harbour
+the idols in your home, Jesus cannot come into her heart and dwell there."
+The old woman at once broke out, in the tones of one taking the part of an
+injured friend, "But if your God is such a mighty one, and has the tens of
+thousands of followers you tell us He has, why should He be jealous of our
+poor little idols and those who worship them?"
+
+Dr. Stone did not interrupt the tirade which was now poured forth, but
+picked up a piece of wood and a pebble from the floor, and when the old
+woman waited for her to answer, quietly replied to the pebble and bit of
+wood in her hand. Finally the woman said, "Why don't you answer me? You
+have come to see me, and perhaps I have been rude, but you are my relative
+and I want to be friends with you." Still Dr. Stone did not answer, but
+went on talking to the stone and wood, until the old woman lost patience
+and exclaimed, "What nonsense is this!"
+
+Then Dr. Stone put her arm around her and answered, "If you think it is
+nonsense for me to talk to the stone and wood in your house, instead of
+giving you attention, how do you think the Heavenly Father feels,--the one
+who created you, the one who is your Father--when you satisfy yourself with
+images of wood and stone instead of giving that love and devotion to Him?"
+Before Dr. Stone left the young women knelt in prayer, but the mother would
+not join them.
+
+Later, with her mother's consent, Yu Kuliang went to the hospital, and
+there spent four of the ten last days of her life, in the companionship of
+her cousin. Dr. Stone gave her every minute that could be spared from her
+hospital duties, telling her of the glad new life which she was soon to
+enter, and praying with her. Many times Yu Kuliang tried to leave the bed
+to kneel with Dr. Stone, but the doctor explained to her that her prayers
+were just as acceptable where she was, and that she was too weak to kneel.
+"Those four days in the hospital with cousin were the happiest in my life,"
+she told her mother when she returned to her home.
+
+When she knew that she could not get well she insisted, weak as she was,
+upon being dressed and having her photograph taken, for all the photographs
+which she had had before were in the dress of the Taoist nun, and she
+wanted to have one taken after she had become a Christian.
+
+Just before her death she said to her mother, "Mother, there is nothing in
+this life of ours, nothing! We were all wrong. I'm so glad it is over and
+now I am not at all afraid, for I am going to that beautiful place." And
+then, her lifelong quest at length crowned with success, she went to behold
+the face of Him who is the Truth.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ANNA STONE
+
+  I. EAGER FOR EDUCATION
+
+ II. AMONG HER OWN PEOPLE
+
+III. THE POWER OF AN ENDLESS LIFE
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: Anna Stone]
+
+
+
+
+ANNA STONE
+
+I
+
+EAGER FOR EDUCATION
+
+
+"God knew where to send girls; He knew who would be good to them," Mrs.
+Stone assured the neighbours who had come to condole with her on the birth
+of a second daughter, and to remind her that "ten queenly daughters are not
+worth as much as one son with a limp." Years before, when the baby's
+father, one of the literati, had lost all his property in the Tai Ping
+Rebellion, he had adopted the profession of teaching Chinese to the
+missionaries, as the only dignified means by which one of his rank and
+learning could earn a living. While he taught them Chinese characters, they
+taught him about Christianity, and it was not long before he was in charge
+of a Christian chapel in Kiukiang. So when this little daughter was born,
+she was given the good old Bible name of Anna, and great plans were laid
+for her future. While she was still a tiny baby her mother carried her to
+the missionary in charge of the girls' boarding school, one of those to
+whom her father had taught the Chinese language years before, and said to
+her, "As soon as this baby is old enough, I want you to take her and train
+her for Christian work."
+
+If she was to fulfil her mother's ambition for her Anna must of course
+receive an education, although a girl who could read or write even the
+simplest sentence was then almost unknown in China. But Mrs. Stone knew
+well that the more education Anna had, the more efficient a worker she
+would be. She herself had never been taught at all, and after she had
+become a Christian and was eager to tell other women of the good news which
+she had learned, she had found herself sadly hampered because she could not
+read the Bible. It was not so difficult when her husband was at home to
+read it for her; but while he was away on his preaching tours, she had lost
+many opportunities of teaching Christianity to the women who came to see
+her, because of her inability to read the Book which told of the great new
+truth she had learned. So, busy as she was with her babies and her
+household cares, she determined to learn to read, and asked her husband to
+teach her.
+
+Pastor Stone, however, had still something to learn. He did not believe
+that it was possible for the feminine mind, especially that of a woman
+grown, to learn the difficult Chinese characters; and he told his wife
+that, in his opinion, it was not worth while for her to attempt it. If
+Mother Stone was discouraged she did not show it. Every night after the
+rest of the family were asleep she set a candle beside her bed and studied
+characters diligently. Whenever Pastor Stone woke up for a moment, or
+turned over in bed, he would receive a gentle nudge and Mother Stone would
+delightedly exclaim, "Oh, father, won't you please tell me what this
+character is?" He soon decided to teach her in orthodox fashion, and she
+proved to be such an apt pupil that it was not long before she was in
+charge of a little day school for girls.
+
+Anna received much of her early education from her mother, and for a time
+she and her older sister Mary went to school with their brother. Girls at
+school were decidedly a novelty, and the visiting mandarin opened his eyes
+in amazement. "Can _girls_ learn anything?" he demanded of the teacher, who
+was forced to admit that they learned as fast as the boys, and sometimes a
+little faster. When a little older, Anna became a member of the Kiukiang
+Boarding School for girls, where she proved to be a diligent and quick
+pupil. During this time her sister Mary went to America to take her medical
+course, and down in her heart Anna cherished a secret hope that when she
+had completed her high school work she, too, might go to that wonderful
+Christian country from which her missionary teachers had come and in which
+her sister was receiving the training which would fit her for such large
+service among her countrywomen. She said very little about this hope to any
+one, but she and her friend I-lien Tang, who was also eager to go to
+America, determined to pray about it, and to study so faithfully that if
+the way should ever open for them to go, they would be ready. Accordingly
+they completed the high school course in Chinese, and studied English and
+Latin in addition.
+
+In 1898 Bishop Joyce, of the Methodist Church, and his wife took a trip to
+the Orient to visit the mission stations. While in Kiukiang they became so
+much interested in the two girls, Anna Stone and I-lien Tang, that they
+offered to take them back to America with them. The autumn of 1898
+therefore found Anna in America, the country of her dreams, and a student
+in Hamline University. She entered into her college work with much
+enthusiasm and made excellent progress in it. She was not strong, however,
+and was so far from well at the end of the year that it seemed best for her
+to relinquish her plan of following in her sister's footsteps by taking a
+medical course. She therefore planned to fit herself for some other form of
+service which would involve less physical strain, and left Hamline, after
+having been there only one year. But she left behind her many warm friends
+among the students, some of whom had become Christians as a result of the
+consistent and beautiful Christian life of this young Chinese girl.
+
+The next autumn Anna entered Folts Mission Institute, where arrangements
+were made for her to take the two years' Bible course in three years, in
+the hope that she might thus regain her health. Her teachers testify that
+she was a brilliant student, and that her English was so perfect that one
+who heard her, without seeing her, would never have known that she was a
+foreigner. When one of them once asked her how it was that she had such a
+correct pronunciation, she said that when she was in Kiukiang Boarding
+School she used to watch the lips of the missionaries when they were
+speaking English, in order to see just how the words were formed.
+
+Her use of words, too, was almost as accurate as her enunciation of them,
+although occasionally the intricacies of the English language proved
+somewhat mystifying. For example, when she was at her doctor's office one
+day he asked if he had given her any medicine when she was there before.
+
+"No, doctor, you gave me a proscription," she answered. The doctor's smile
+showed her that she had made a mistake, and as soon as they were outside
+she asked the teacher who was with her what she ought to have said.
+
+"_Pre_scription, _pre_scription," she repeated. "I must remember that. What
+was it we had in church last Sunday? Was that a prescription or a
+proscription?"
+
+"That was a subscription," the teacher told her.
+
+"Oh, yes, a subscription. But what did you call the writing on the stones
+in the graveyard? Was that a prescription or a subscription?"
+
+"That was an inscription," was the answer, and perhaps it is small wonder
+that Anna exclaimed in despair, "Oh, this terrible English! Can I ever get
+it!"
+
+On the whole, however, she was very much at home with the English language.
+One morning as she was going down to breakfast some one asked, "How is our
+little China girl this morning?" "Neither cracked nor broken!" was her
+instant response.
+
+During all her stay in America she was in great demand as a speaker, and
+did as much of this work as her health permitted, always giving her message
+in English, and everywhere winning friends for herself and her loved
+people. "Those who have watched her as she held the attention of large
+audiences with the simple story of her own people, will not soon forget the
+modest, unassuming girl who touched their lives for a brief hour," says one
+who heard her often.
+
+When she entered Folts Institute it was thought that it would be a good
+thing for her to take vocal lessons to strengthen her throat and lungs.
+This training was given simply for the sake of her health, and with no
+expectation that she would ever sing in public, but it soon became evident
+that she had musical ability of no small degree. Her voice was very sweet,
+and had such a power to capture the hearts of her hearers that she was
+given the title of the "Sweet Singer," and was in great demand for meetings
+large and small. The whole energy of her life was so given to her Master
+that this newly discovered gift was at once consecrated wholly to His
+service. "You may think me narrow," she said earnestly, when her teacher
+proposed that she should study some nature songs, "but I feel that I must
+be the girl of one song." And into the one song, the Christian hymn, she
+put her whole soul, as any who heard her sing, "I love to tell the story,"
+"Faith of our fathers," or the one that she perhaps sang most often, "Saved
+by Grace," will testify.
+
+"I can hear her still as she sang 'Saved by Grace' to the large audience of
+the General Executive in 1902," wrote one, several years later. "She put
+such fulness of meaning and power into this simple song. It was a part of
+her own experience." Another said, "I heard her sing 'I love to tell the
+story' to an audience of over five hundred college girls at the student
+conference of the Young Women's Christian Association at Silver Bay, and
+the effect was wonderful."
+
+It had been the thought of the principal of Folts Institute that the cost
+of Anna's musical education should be defrayed by gifts from friends who
+were interested in her and her work. But after one spring vacation, when
+Anna had been addressing several meetings and had been given quite a little
+money, she went to the principal's office and turned over the entire amount
+which she had received. "But this is twice as much as your lessons for the
+year will cost, Anna," the principal told her, and started to hand back
+half of it. But Anna would not take it, and insisted that it be used to pay
+for the piano lessons of another Chinese student at the Institute. "I don't
+want ---- to get into debt," she said.
+
+While studying at Folts Institute Anna's first great sorrow came to her in
+the death of her father. They had always been comrades, and she had often
+accompanied him on his preaching tours into the country. It was on one of
+these tours, made during the time of the Boxer uprising, that Pastor Stone
+received the injuries at the hands of a mob which were probably the cause
+of his death. The news was a great blow to Anna, but she bore it quietly
+and bravely, and when a few days later it was her turn to lead the
+students' prayer meeting, she chose "Heaven" for her topic. "Before I came
+to your country, I used to think it was heaven," she said; "but now I am so
+glad it isn't, for then they might try to keep father out, and now I know
+he is inside."
+
+She completed her course at Folts Institute in 1902, and as she seemed in
+good health, entered Central Wesleyan College for further training. But her
+zeal for her work always led her to overestimate her own strength, and her
+patience in suffering and desire not to cause any one any trouble, made it
+hard for others to know the true state of her health. One of her teachers
+at Folts says that Anna would often be ill for days before any one would
+have any knowledge of it, so uncomplaining was she. This teacher tells how
+at one time, when Anna finally had to give up, the tears rolled down the
+cheeks of the girl who bore pain so bravely that it was unsuspected even by
+those who were watching her carefully, at the thought that the friend to
+whom she gave both the century-old reverence of the Chinese for a teacher
+and the warm love of her grateful heart, should have to minister to her
+needs. It was found, after she had been at the Central Wesleyan College for
+a few months, that courageous as she was, her strength was not sufficient
+to enable her to go on with her studies.
+
+She spent the rest of the year in Minneapolis in the home of her good
+friends, Bishop and Mrs. Joyce. She was never content to be idle, and after
+a few months of rest she gave several addresses in the churches of
+Minnesota and North Dakota, awakening interest in the cause she represented
+wherever she went. She so won the hearts of the young people that when she
+went back to China it was as the representative of the young women who
+formed the Standard Bearer Society of the Minneapolis branch of the Woman's
+Foreign Missionary Society.
+
+In the summer of 1903 a specialist pronounced her to be suffering from
+tuberculosis, and the next winter was spent in southern California in the
+hope that in that favourable climate she might be cured. Even here her
+eagerness to serve her people led her to do as much speaking as her
+physician would permit. But she was anxious to get to the work for which
+these years of preparation had been spent, and with hopeful and eager
+expectation she sailed for China on the S.S. _Siberia_, June 11, 1904.
+
+
+
+
+II
+
+AMONG HER OWN PEOPLE
+
+
+On her return to her own country, Anna began her work with great
+enthusiasm. The spirit with which she entered into it is shown in her
+report of the first year's work: "After six years of special preparation,
+for which I feel greatly indebted to my Master, it is a happy privilege to
+do what may be in my power to show Him my gratitude. The blessings I
+received from the hands of those who gave cheerfully for His sake, I will
+endeavour to pass on to others. During those years of absorption in study
+there were times when I was anxious for others to share with me the joy
+which comes from the Christian faith, but the real opportunity did not
+appear until last July when I returned to my home land. With gladness and
+thanksgiving I entered into the work already well and carefully organized
+by my senior missionaries."
+
+The evangelistic work for women, of which she was put in charge, offered a
+large and varied field for service. "The success which my sister has had
+in her profession gives me easy access to many classes of our people," she
+reported soon after her return. Among the hospital and dispensary patients
+she found one of her greatest opportunities. She was not only able to reach
+those who came for treatment, but through them she had access to their
+homes, and spent a large part of her time in visiting among them and in
+entertaining guests in her own home. "Many know of the hospital and of the
+lady physician, and come to see the work, and daily we cordially welcome
+such guests into our home," a letter reads. "There are times when I walk
+with my sister on the street, and the ladies call the doctor in. Thus I
+gain access to friendly homes."
+
+She was untiring in her efforts to fit herself to make use of every
+opportunity which presented itself, never regarding her preparation for
+service as completed, but always eager to learn any new thing which would
+help her. A letter written soon after beginning her work tells of one of
+the means by which she sought to increase her usefulness: "I think it is
+imperative for me to study something more of the Chinese classics. The
+little knowledge I have, God has helped me to use for His glory, and a
+knowledge of the classical sayings will enable me at least to approach the
+educated classes on a common ground, and to induce them to see that which
+they know not, from that which they do know."
+
+During her first year of work she had four Bible women associated with her
+who went out with her daily, conducting meetings for women in the two
+chapels which were under her direction, visiting in the homes, or talking
+to patients in the dispensary waiting room. One of her early letters reads:
+"I felt that these Bible women needed special hours for prayer and Bible
+study, in order to give out the Bread of Life to others. So arrangements
+were made to have at least two hours of study every Monday morning, and we
+have prayer together before planning to carry out the Lord's will in the
+week's work."
+
+In addition to this work she was given oversight of the two day schools for
+girls in Kiukiang. Of them she reported: "The teachers are trying to do
+their best, but many times I have wished that we could secure better
+educated women and have our day school standard advanced. The girls who can
+afford to go to school don't care to study the old Chinese books which
+these women are prepared to teach, so the better classes are not being
+touched by the Christian teachers. Those who have nothing special for the
+girls to do let them go to while away the time; then when tea picking time
+comes they leave the school. All can see that such work cannot be of any
+great value."
+
+Conditions of this sort were discouraging indeed, but she met the situation
+with characteristic courage, and added to her other duties the task of
+teaching a little music and English in these schools. The introduction of
+these subjects proved to be very successful in reviving the pupils'
+flagging interest. "The girls are more interested just now," a letter says,
+"because they have once a week a lesson in singing; formerly it was given
+on Saturday in our home, but experience soon taught me that this was an
+impossibility on account of the continuous callers and disturbances. I go
+now to each school once a week and teach them there. They also have a
+lesson in English during the week. It seems so strange to me that all
+people, old and young, male and female, are seeking a knowledge of
+English."
+
+She was quick to see, however, that the only permanently successful
+solution of the day school problem was in well-trained teachers. Her great
+desire was for "the day when day school teachers should be better qualified
+for their work, that they might draw pupils to school by their own
+knowledge." In the meantime she did all she could to add to the efficiency
+of the teachers she had. One of her letters tells of her efforts to help
+one of her discouraged assistants: "One of the teachers is very anxious and
+feels that she cannot teach the school. She spoke to me several times of
+her inability to keep the pupils' attention because of her own lack of
+knowledge. As we have no trained teachers to take her place I cannot spare
+her. Though she has not a good head she has a good Christian heart, so for
+the good of the school I have to keep her and give her a few lessons each
+week. It is doing her good and helping her to teach better."
+
+Again she reported the following year, "A special effort was made to throw
+away the old, parrot-like way of learning. As the teachers needed
+instruction as well as the pupils, sometimes, the text-books were taken
+away. The teachers were required to tell a story every day; and with the
+story a verse of the Scriptures, meant for a peg on which to hang the tale,
+was committed to memory by the girls. The teacher would write six easy
+characters each afternoon on the blackboard for the girls to copy before
+going home. Thus the girls learned how to listen, to memorize, and to
+write. Since the number of girls increases perceptibly when we have a
+little English I use it as a bait. By Miss Merrill's consent, help was
+secured from the boarding-school in teaching half an hour of English every
+day in the two city schools."
+
+In December of 1904, at the annual meeting of the Central China Methodist
+Mission, Miss Stone was given the entire charge of the Bible Women's
+Training School. A letter to a friend shows the keen delight with which she
+entered upon this new work: "I am enjoying the work very much," she wrote.
+"It seems so strange to me that these women are like my old friends. They
+are free and at home with me, and I can say already that I love them.... I
+wish you could be here just to look at them and see how willing they are to
+be taught." It was her desire to live in the school that she might share
+the life of the women outside of class hours, but after a few days' trial
+this proved too wearing, and the doctor insisted upon her giving it up,
+greatly to her own disappointment and that of the women.
+
+She was very eager that these women, all of whom were from families of
+small means, and were supported by scholarships while at the school, should
+do something towards meeting at least a part of their expenses. A few
+months after she had taken charge of the work she joyfully wrote Mrs.
+Joyce:
+
+    "An industrial department is actually started, and we have found it
+    helpful to a great many. We are not attempting fancy things, but we
+    strive to make useful articles and things that we use ourselves, or
+    for sale. So far we have made only babies' shoes, which we sold to
+    foreigners living at Kuling, and some hemstitched handkerchiefs,
+    and some plain knitting. Each one of them is given fifty cash a
+    month for spending money, and it will leave a good balance for the
+    school. They work from three to five P.M., so their studies are not
+    neglected thereby. This work means also a livelihood to a poor old
+    lady.... She was in the hospital for over three years, living on
+    the charity money the doctor earned. I felt that she could be more
+    useful and happy by teaching sewing, since she is a beautiful
+    needle worker, so the school boards her and gets her teaching for
+    the women. I have been quite happy in this work, because I feel the
+    women are learning self-respect and to look upon manual labour as
+    something honourable. I have a chance to tell them about the
+    American ideas, how American people despise begging but would work
+    with pride in any position, for an honest living."
+
+In the growth of the women she found her greatest joy. "The women are
+learning," she said in the same letter, "and I feel that God is making
+them zealous for the souls of others. I watch anxiously for improvements in
+their characters and two or three of them give me secret pleasure by their
+signs of unselfishness and spiritual growth."
+
+Another letter to Mrs. Joyce tells of the way in which the members of the
+Training School were given practical work in connection with their studies:
+"Every day I call upon the farther advanced pupils to work. Two go out with
+the girls to teach in the two day schools of the city, the other two take
+charge of the industrial work. So every afternoon they have two hours of
+work to do. On Sunday I send them to the two chapels in the morning and I
+go with the first two one week and with the other two the next week. On
+every Tuesday I send out all women except three, at three o'clock, to
+invite our neighbours to our class-meeting. The three who stay at home are
+to entertain those who come. Every Tuesday we get from twenty to forty
+outsiders to listen to the gospel. Yesterday afternoon several pupils told
+the guests how they learned to know the loving Father." One of her former
+teachers at Folts Institute, who visited her at this time, wrote that she
+knew not which to admire more, "the whole-souled devotion of the teacher,
+or that of the women students."
+
+Miss Stone's health did not permit her to do as much itinerant work as she
+desired, but in the summer of 1905, during the vacation of the Bible
+Women's Training School, she made a trip of some weeks, visiting every
+station in the district. Itinerating in China is a process worthy of its
+name, as all bedding, food, and housekeeping materials must be carried
+along. But Anna was feeling well, and the very day after the work of the
+Training School closed she and her mother set out. At every city she
+reported that they "had a very good opportunity to work among the women,"
+or that "many women showed a great interest in listening." Her father had
+been the first Christian preacher at one place which they visited, and had
+worked there for many years; another city was that in which the Stone's old
+family homestead was located, so she and her mother were sure of a welcome.
+"We had hardly any time to ourselves," she wrote. "So many people came to
+see us, and mistook me for my sister. Mother welcomed all callers and
+talked with them most of the time. Among these there were people from the
+opposite village who came over to destroy our house in 1900. I think they
+are quite ashamed of the act now."
+
+Busy as she was, meeting and talking to the people who everywhere came to
+greet her and her mother, Anna's mind was not so wholly occupied with the
+present that she was oblivious to the future. On her return she made
+several valuable suggestions for the development of the work in the various
+places, such as that the chapel in one city be moved to a more central
+location, that a vacant piece of property belonging to the mission would be
+an excellent site for a day school for girls, etc. "There ought to be a
+school in Whang Mai as a centre for women to work in," her report reads.
+"There are many women in that city who are friendly to the church.... When
+my parents were there there were quite a few women as members of the
+church, but now they don't come to church, because there is no woman to
+talk to them." She summed up the impressions of her trip in the words, "The
+trip opened my eyes to the fact that the harvest is 'truly plenteous' and
+the labourers are sadly few." At the same time her faith added, "But I am
+so glad to know that my Master is before us who are few in number."
+
+
+
+
+III
+
+THE POWER OF AN ENDLESS LIFE
+
+
+It is not surprising that with all her interests Anna Stone longed to live
+and make use of the unusual opportunities which she had received. "If God
+is willing I hope to work many years yet for Him," she wrote Mrs. Joyce
+after she had been back in China a few months; and at the end of her second
+year's work she said: "There are many things for which I am very thankful
+in the past year, but perhaps the greatest was the joy in knowing that my
+Heavenly Father has really allowed me a share of work.... I don't remember
+that there were many days of work neglected because of ill health."
+
+It was indeed remarkable that she was able to do as much as she did. One
+who saw her in her work writes of the untiring enthusiasm and activity with
+which she gave herself to it: "Her work was her very life. She talked to me
+of her plans for the woman's school, and of her great desire to see a
+revival here in the schools. I am sure you know of her work last summer
+when the missionaries were all away--how, feeling that it was a mistake
+that the native Christians should be without the helps of divine worship
+and the weekly prayer meeting, she, with her sister's help, opened the
+church and held services all through the hot summer, _doing the preaching
+herself_ and thus holding the people together. I never met any one at home
+or here whose whole soul was more on fire with a burning desire to win
+souls than was Anna Stone's, and I have met a large number of prominent
+workers in my work at home. She undoubtedly realized that her time was very
+short and she must work all the time while she had strength. Her work was
+not only in the school ... but she was at work in the day schools and
+boarding schools, in the church, in the league, in the visitation, in the
+hospital--everywhere where her life was able to touch others; and one felt
+the influence of the Holy Spirit whenever in merest conversation with the
+girl. That happy smile and merry laugh that so won the hearts of the people
+at home were bestowed upon every one here, and I do not wonder she was able
+to reach hearts where others failed."
+
+Her enthusiasm for her work doubtless made it hard not only for her to
+measure her own strength, but also for others to estimate it. But toward
+the close of the summer of 1905 it became evident to all, even to herself,
+that she had been overtaxing herself and must lighten her work. "Sister
+makes me take beef juice, milk, and bread and butter," she said in a letter
+to Mrs. Joyce. "Everybody tells me I am thin, but I am doing my best to get
+fat. Every afternoon I devote all the time to get well. I sleep after
+dinner, then go out riding for fresh air, so you see your little girl does
+live high and extravagantly."
+
+During this summer she received news of the serious illness of her friend
+and foster-father, Bishop Joyce. This was a great source of anxiety and
+sorrow to her. "How I wish I had means to go right to his dear presence to
+tell him how I revere and love him for what he has done for me, and for
+what he is to the world," she wrote his wife. "I envy I-lien's privilege of
+being there. It must be a great comfort to be able to put one's heart-full
+of love and sympathy into little services that he may need at this time."
+
+The death of this true friend was a great grief to her, both on her own
+account and because of the sorrow it brought to the family which she so
+loved. "I loved Bishop as I did my own father," she said in a letter to
+Mrs. Joyce. "Now I rejoice for both of them because they have heard the
+Master's 'Well done, good and faithful servant.'" Then she added, "I will
+ask him to ask the Master to let me work a little longer on earth. Of
+course if he sees the reason why I shouldn't he will not do it."
+
+[Illustration: The Anna Stone Memorial]
+
+For a time it seemed as if her desire were to be granted, for when autumn
+came she was able to open the Women's School at the usual time, and to
+teach in it each morning. By keeping the afternoons free for rest she
+gained so much that she could write: "I feel very grateful for my health. I
+am up every day for my work. It is a busy life, but a very happy one." Dr.
+Stone had decided in the autumn that unless Anna gained a great deal within
+the next few weeks she would send her to the mountains for the winter, in
+the hope that the dry air would help her. But, as she said, "Anna hates to
+hear us talk about it because she does not want to leave her pet work." And
+Anna soon seemed so much stronger that the doctor did not insist on her
+going.
+
+Anna wrote happily of the Christmas exercises in the school. "The women for
+the first time attempted to have a public programme for the happy season.
+They had a dialogue, three new songs, and acted out shepherds in the night
+watch and Herod in his trouble. Then they had a tree on which were little
+fancy trinkets which the women made for their friends. They had a joyous
+time because they worked for it." She carried the work until the Chinese
+New Year vacation, which began about the middle of January, and then
+dismissed the school for the vacation period, full of hopes and plans for
+the new term, for which she felt that the month's rest would prepare her.
+Special services were held in the church during the New Year vacation and
+Anna saved her strength that she might sing at the evening meetings. She
+herself led the closing service. One who was there says, "The native church
+will not quickly forget her clear and beautiful testimonies."
+
+But her strength was not equal even to these tasks. Early in February she
+had a severe hemorrhage from her lungs, from which it seemed as if she
+could not rally. She felt this herself and said to Dr. Stone, with a brave
+smile, "Sister, I am going. This is in answer to prayer, for I do not want
+to linger on and endanger all of your lives." This attack was followed by
+pleurisy, and for ten days of severe suffering her life hung by a very
+slender thread. A fellow-worker wrote at this time: "She is bright and
+happy, although fully expecting to go. She has been so enthusiastic in her
+work, and always so cheerful, that she has often gone beyond her strength.
+I think that she has been failing more than we who daily watch her have
+realized. We feel that we cannot let her go, but it is not for us to say.
+Since she would rather go to God than stay and not be able to carry on her
+work, we can only pray 'The will of God be done.'"
+
+Once more, however, she showed the elasticity which had made it so hard for
+her friends to realize the true state of her health, and for a few weeks
+seemed to improve. As life returned she began to hope that she might again
+be able to take up her work, and for a time the eagerness to work was so
+strong that she dreaded the thought of death. As the days passed and
+strength did not come, she was troubled to understand why, when the need
+was so great and the workers so few, she who so longed to work, should not
+be permitted to do so. She said to Dr. Stone one day: "Sister, I have just
+prepared myself to work, so much has been spent on me that I want to live
+at least fifteen years to pass on some of my blessings to others. I am so
+young, and our home life has been just beautiful. I am not anxious to give
+it up so soon. I have great hopes of the Training School. I love the
+women. I want to take a whole class through a course of training and then
+leave them with my work. I want to see them well established in their work,
+and a new school building put up well worthy of the name. Above all I want
+to see our native church thoroughly roused by the Holy Spirit, and a
+self-supporting church started."
+
+One of the missionaries wrote afterward: "I wish you might have known what
+a comfort Dr. Stone was to her through all those dark hours, carrying her
+own burden constantly in her heart and yet bravely helping Anna to bear
+hers. And Anna on her side was just as brave, for she suffered intense pain
+through her illness, but constantly fought down every expression of it."
+
+Anna's lifelong love for the will of God was so strong that she could not
+fail to love it to the end, and the struggle was soon succeeded by complete
+victory and peace. Her sister wrote Mrs. Joyce after she had gone: "She did
+not know why, when so much had been done for her and she was so willing to
+do any service unto the Lord, she should not be spared, and given a healthy
+body for the work that seemed to be so much in need of workers. But she
+said she was willing to go if it was the Lord's will, and she wanted people
+to know that she loved to obey God mare than she desired her own life....
+She said she was perfectly willing to go, only she had wanted to work a
+little longer."
+
+Her brief struggle passed, her thought was all for others. She often spoke
+of the women for whom she had been working, and begged her sister to look
+after them and keep them from going back to the old ways; and in delirium
+she pleaded with one and another of them. She sent messages of love to
+those who were not with her, some of them being on the other side of the
+ocean, and sought to lighten the grief of those around her who so longed to
+keep her with them. "Do not grieve for me," she comforted her sister.
+"Think of me as you used to think of me when I was in America, only I shall
+be in a more beautiful place." Three days before her death she gave
+explicit directions about her funeral, wishing that everything in the
+Chinese funeral rites which savoured at all of non-Christian religions
+might be eliminated, that in her death, as in her life, she might witness
+clearly and unmistakably to her loyalty to Christ.
+
+When the last call finally came, on the sixteenth of March, it found her
+ready and glad to respond. She told her sister that she had heard the
+beautiful music and seen the great light and wanted to go. "That evening,"
+reads a letter from one of her co-workers, "we missionaries all gathered in
+the reception hall of their little house, together with her relatives and
+more intimate friends. It was one of the most touching scenes I have ever
+witnessed, for we were all drawn together by the bond of grief over the
+loss of one we loved."
+
+Although, in accordance with Anna's wishes, her funeral was conducted with
+the utmost simplicity, the funeral procession caused universal comment. One
+of the missionaries describes the scene: "As the procession of almost forty
+chairs passed down the street all stopped to watch it pass, and despite the
+unrest due to the recent riots at Nanchang, we heard nothing but kindly
+remarks. The fact that foreigners were following one of their own people to
+the grave, paying the Chinese girl the honour they would have shown to a
+great man among themselves, seemed to impress the Chinese in a peculiar
+way."
+
+Another writes: "During the day the neighbours, Christian and non-Christian
+alike, came to pay their respects.... A very large company of people
+attended the funeral, including a number of missionaries of other
+denominations. There was a procession of forty sedan chairs to the
+Christian cemetery, which is about two miles beyond the East Gate. For the
+half mile from the home to the city gate both sides of the street were
+lined with people, who stood quietly and respectfully while we passed. The
+absence of the numerous heathen symbols, and of any cover for the casket
+save the floral tributes, was observed; and the fact that even the
+foreigners had their chairs draped with white, 'just like us Chinese,' was
+also noted. An English gentleman from the foreign concession, who was to
+pay a call on the captain of one of the war vessels the next morning, said,
+'I shall tell him that I have witnessed a procession to-day which will do
+more to bring peace and harmony between the Chinese and foreigners than all
+the war vessels will do.'"
+
+Measured by years, Anna Stone's life was short. Measured by the time which
+she was enabled to give to her work after her return to China, her service
+was brief. Almost all her life had been given to preparation for service,
+and it may seem as if she had hardly begun her life work when she was
+bidden to lay it down for the richer service of another life. But if to be
+is more than to do, and if Anna Stone's life be measured by what it was,
+rather than by achievements which could be recorded, we must count her
+years of service to have been many. Through all the years of preparation
+for her work she was, in fact, serving in the truest sense, through what
+she was. Bishop Joyce often said that her presence in the home was a
+benediction. One who had close contact with her work pays the following
+tribute:
+
+    "Hers was a rare character. So simple, unaffected, and tender and
+    yet withal so strong. Like the blameless knight of old, 'her
+    strength was as the strength of ten because her heart was pure.'
+    Gifted with a winsome personality, and a voice of great sweetness,
+    she literally sang her way into the hearts of all who heard her,
+    while the illumination of her life 'hid with Christ in God'
+    particularly impressed those who saw in her a product of the
+    missionary enterprise of our church. All who came within the
+    influence of her radiant presence were the better for it."
+
+Her life was an inspiration to people in Christian America. She once said
+while here: "Since coming to America the greatest wonder to me has been how
+any one can live in this country and yet not be a Christian. If I had not
+given myself to God it would be the first thing I would do. But thank God
+He has _me_ off His mind. I am His child and I will love and serve Him all
+my days." One woman who heard her sing asked, "Why do you let her go back?
+We need her right here to help us. I never felt so near Christ as when I
+heard this Chinese girl sing, 'And I shall see Him face to face,' for the
+light of her vision shone from her eyes. I knew that she saw what she was
+singing about." Another wrote, when the news of her death came, "Of Anna
+Stone it can truthfully be said, 'None knew her but to love her.'...
+Wherever she mingled with people she drew them not only to herself, but to
+Christ. Eternity alone will reveal the many souls won to a Christian life
+through her influence."
+
+At the annual meeting of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, held a few
+months after Anna Stone's death, the following resolution was unanimously
+adopted: "Resolved: That in memory of our dear Chinese girl, Anna Stone, we
+recall to your thought these words, applied to her by one who knew her
+well:
+
+    'And half we deemed she needed not
+    The changing of her sphere
+    To give to heaven a shining one
+    Who walked an angel here.'"
+
+Her life was a blessing to people in her own great country. Her sister
+wrote: "I am so thankful that she returned and spent about two years
+working for our own people. When I saw how much she was loved by the women
+and girls here I knew her short time with us had not been spent in vain." A
+letter from another Kiukiang worker says: "We felt when Miss Stone was
+taken from the Women's School that indeed its light and glory had departed.
+Her influence and life among the women will never be forgotten. Her
+gentleness, sweetness of spirit, and unselfishness, won a place in our
+hearts, and made us feel that we had caught a glimpse of the Master. Among
+her fellow-workers and her own people, she was universally beloved."
+
+Miss Hughes, who was later appointed to take up the work which Anna had
+laid down, wrote in a letter to Mrs. Joyce: "I don't think any one will
+ever be able to tell you what a vacancy there is in Kiukiang since that
+little girl was taken from us. I was not in China any length of time before
+I, personally, realized something of the influence of her life. Her spirit
+of beautiful, consecrated young womanhood that so impressed every one at
+home seemed intensified when I saw her in the fall upon my arrival." Miss
+Hughes went on to tell of an incident which revealed what was doubtless one
+of the great sources of the power of the life that was so short in years.
+She says:
+
+    "I think nothing that I have heard of Anna Stone's life speaks more
+    clearly of the depth of real self-abnegation,--perfect obliteration
+    of self, in fact--and the secret of her power in winning souls
+    where others failed to win, than this story I am now to tell you.
+    Several years ago, before Anna returned home from America, an old
+    woman about sixty-four years of age, was engaged to do sewing for
+    Dr. Stone from time to time. The woman was a widow with one son,
+    who was an opium fiend in every sense of the word. He was unable to
+    work, and deprived his mother of all the comforts, and often of the
+    necessities of life, that he might buy opium."
+
+    "One day the old woman was taken ill, and while ill, her son
+    carried off the only clothes the old mother had (she slept with her
+    clothes spread on top of the bed-clothes as you know is the custom
+    in China), and sold them for the miserable drug. The mother
+    appealed to Dr. Stone, who took her, in her helpless, sick
+    condition, into the hospital. As she grew well, she stayed on,
+    doing such sewing as she could for her board, and in the hospital
+    she heard for the first time of the 'Jesus doctrine.' Her hungry
+    heart opened to the truth and she wanted to learn to read the
+    Bible."
+
+    "One day, however, she came to the doctor and asked her if she
+    thought if they prayed to God, He would save her son from his
+    dreadful life. The doctor talked with her and found that the old
+    woman was full of faith that it could be done. So they prayed about
+    it, and a little while after, Dr. Stone gave the old woman money to
+    take her son to the hospital for men in the city here and have the
+    habit broken off. But the mother, instead of giving the man into
+    the care of the authorities, and paying for his treatment herself,
+    gave the money to the man, and he used it all in opium, being in a
+    worse condition than ever."
+
+    "Some time later, due to the lack of funds, the hospital had to be
+    closed for some time, but when it was reopened, the old mother
+    pleaded that the son should be taken on as a coolie to work for his
+    keep, and thus be out of temptation's way. He had been supplied
+    again with money and put into the hospital, from which he came out
+    apparently cured, but fell again. The plan for him to come to the
+    hospital seemed to the doctor a rather dangerous one, for the man
+    was a positive good-for-nothing. But in the meantime Anna had
+    returned from America, and was, with her sister, willing to try
+    him; for it seemed his last chance, and the mother had begged so
+    hard for him. So he came to the hospital--a poor wretch, indeed,
+    weak as a little child from the awful life he had lived."
+
+    "All opium was out of his reach here, and in a few days the absence
+    of it showed by dreadful swelling of the limbs. He could not carry
+    the smallest weight without great exertion, and the case seemed
+    almost hopeless. But he gradually was broken from the use of the
+    drug and was able to work about the place. Anna was using a sedan
+    chair for her itinerating work, but she was so light that the
+    coolies jolted her a great deal and hurt her; so she got her
+    'ricksha, and chose this poor wretch of a fellow, as her personal
+    body-servant. When she went out on her evangelistic work, she had
+    her mother with her, as you know, and this coolie went along
+    drawing the 'ricksha. He became very devoted to her, and very
+    carefully cared for her. When she had her meals with her mother,
+    she had this coolie eat with her, lest he go off and get hold of
+    opium. He is a very weak, easily led fellow, as you will have
+    judged, and Anna felt his one safety was in keeping with them all
+    the time. Little by little, the fellow straightened up and became
+    stronger and able to do a respectable amount of work."
+
+    "Meantime Anna was teaching him, as she had opportunity, about
+    Christ. Finally last New Year's Eve, at the watch-night service led
+    by Anna herself, among those who openly took their stand for
+    Christ, was this poor fellow. As far as we know he has led a
+    straight life ever since. He is still working about the hospital
+    and there is no sign of the old dissipation. When Anna left us a
+    few weeks ago, the man's grief was great, and it was this old
+    'body-guard' who sat up all night the one night after the coffin
+    was sealed and remained in the house. The old mother at
+    sixty-seven years of age has learned to read the Bible and is a
+    very earnest Christian."
+
+    "I wish I could tell you how it impressed me as Dr. Stone told of
+    the efforts of Anna to win that poor wretch of a fellow to Christ.
+    There wasn't a thing attractive about him, in fact, just the
+    opposite; but she saw that there was a soul there to save, and with
+    no apparent thought of herself, no shrinking from a man of his
+    type, she, with the true spirit of the Lord she so closely
+    followed, bent every effort to save him from the thing that had
+    cursed his own and his mother's life. I think I have never heard
+    anything more beautiful than this story of Anna, who with all the
+    delicacy of her nature, her pure, sweet womanhood, her love of the
+    refined that always marked her, and her keen sensitiveness to the
+    niceties of life, laid all, as a sacrifice to her Lord, in the
+    background, and had at the same board with herself and her mother,
+    that miserable man, thus helping him to fight the enemy of his soul
+    and body."
+
+Her Master's work was indeed everything, and self was nothing to Anna
+Stone. She once said in a letter to Mrs. Joyce, "It has been a grief to my
+heart not to have seen more people who have means to support themselves
+come out to work for China. I am hoping to find some means by which to
+support myself without getting pay from the society, to let others know
+that I am not working for money, but for the love of God which is in my
+heart."
+
+The influence of this young Chinese girl is but another witness to "the
+power of an endless life." She lives to-day in those whom she has inspired,
+and who seek to be as true as she.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
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