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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/13427-0.txt b/13427-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1dbe296 --- /dev/null +++ b/13427-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1967 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13427 *** + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 45.] SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * {225} + + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- + Folk Lore:--The first Mole in Cornwall--"A whistling + Wife," &c.--A Charm for Warts--Hanging out + the broom. 225 + Lord Plunket and St. Agobard. 226 + Notes on Cunningham's Handbook of London, By E.F. + Rimbault. 227 + Notes on Coleridge's Aids to Reflection, by J.E.B. + Mayor. 228 + Minor Notes:--Capture of Henry VI.--Notes from + Mentmore Register. 228 + +QUERIES:-- + Joachim, the French Ambassador. 229 + Roman Catholic Translations of the Scriptures, &c. 229 + Minor Queries:--The Lost Tribes--Partrige Family--Commoner + marrying a Peeress--The Character "&"--Combs buried with + the Dead--Cave's Historia Literaria--Julin--Richardson + Family--Arabic Name of Tobacco--Pole Money--Welsh Money--A + Skeleton in every House--Whetstone of Reproof--Morganatic + Marriages--Gospel of Distaffs. 230 + +REPLIES:-- + Poeta Anglicus. 232 + Caxton's Printing-office, by J.G. Nichols. 233 + The Use of Coffins, by Rev. A. Gatty. 234 + Shakspeare's Use of the Word "Delighted". 234 + Ventriloquism. 234 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Earl of Oxford's Patent--The + Darby Ram--Rotten Row and Stockwell + Street--Hornbooks--Passages from Shakspeare--Mildew in + Books--Pilgrims' Road to Canterbury--Abbé Strickland--Etymology + of Totnes--Ædricus qui Signa fundebat--Fiz-gig--Guineas-- + Numismatics--Querela Cantabrigiensis--Ben Johnson--Barclay's + "Argenis"--Hockey--Praed's Poetical Works. 235 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 239 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. 239 + Notices to Correspondents. 239 + Advertisements. 240 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + +FOLK LORE. + +_The First Mole in Cornwall; a Morality from the Stowe of Morwenna, in +the Rocky Land._--A lonely life for the dark and silent mole! She glides +along her narrow vaults, unconscious of the glad and glorious scenes of +earth, and air, and sea! She was born, as it were, in a grave, and in +one long living sepulchre she dwells and dies! Is not existence to her a +kind of doom? Wherefore is she thus a dark, sad exile from the blessed +light of day? Hearken! Here, in our own dear Cornwall, the first mole +was a lady of the land! Her abode was in the far west, among the hills +of Morwenna, beside the Severn sea. She was the daughter of a lordly +race, the only child of her mother, and the father of the house was +dead. Her name was Alice of the Lea. Fair was she and comely, tender and +tall; and she stood upon the threshold of her youth. But most of all did +men wonder at the glory of her large blue eyes. They were, to look upon, +like the summer waters, when the sea is soft with light! They were to +her mother a joy, and to the maiden herself--ah! benedicite--a pride. +She trusted in the loveliness of those eyes, and in her face, and +features, and form: and so it was that the damsel was wont to pass the +summer's day, in the choice of rich apparel, and precious stones, and +gold. Howbeit this was one of the ancient and common customs of those +old departed days. Now, in the fashion of her stateliness, and in the +hue and texture of her garments, there was none among the maidens of old +Cornwall like Alice of the Lea. Men sought her far and nigh, but she was +to them all, like a form of graven stone, careless and cold. Her soul +was set upon a Granville's love, fair Sir Bevil of Stowe, the flower of +the Cornish chivalry--that noble gentleman! that valorous knight! He was +her star. And well might she wait upon his eyes; for he was the garland +of the west--the loyal soldier of a sainted king. He was that stately +Granville who lived a hero-life, and died a warrior's death! + +Now there was signal made of banquet in the halls of Stowe, of wassail, +and the dance. The messengers had sped, and Alice of the Lea would be +there. Robes, precious and many, were unfolded from their rest, and the +casket poured forth jewel and gem, that the maiden might stand before +the knight victorious! It was the day--the hour--the time. Her mother +sate by her wheel at the hearth. The page waited in the hall. She came +down in her loveliness into the old oak room, and stood before the +mirrored glass. Her robe was of woven velvet, rich, and glossy, and +soft; jewels shone like stars in the midnight of her raven hair, and on +her hand there gleamed, afar off, a bright and glorious ring! She {226} +stood--she gazed upon her own countenance and form, and worshipped! "Now +all good angels succour thee, dear Alice, and bend Sir Bevil's soul! +Fain am I to see thee a wedded wife, before I die! I yearn to hold thy +children on my knee! Often shall I pray to-night that the Granville +heart may yield! Thy victory shall be my prayer!" + +"Prayer!" was the haughty answer; "with the eyes that I see in that +glass, and this vesture meet for a queen, I lack no doubting prayer!" + +Saint Mary shield us! Ah words of evil soul! There was a shriek--a +sob--a cry: and where was Alice of the Lea? Vanished--gone. They had +heard wild tones of sudden music in the air. There was a rush--a beam of +light--and she was gone, and that for ever! East sought they her, and +west, in northern paths and south; but she was never more seen in the +lands. Her mother wept till she had not a tear left; none sought to +comfort her, for it was vain. Moons waxed and waned, and the crones by +the cottage-hearth had whiled away many a shadowy night with tales of +Alice of the Lea. + +But, at the last, as the gardener in the Pleasance leaned one day on his +spade, he saw among the roses a small round hillock of earth, such as he +had never seen before, and upon it something which shone. It was her +ring! It was the very jewel she had worn the day she vanished out of +sight! They looked earnestly upon it, and they saw within the border +(for it was wide) the tracery of certain small fine letters in the +ancient Cornish tongue, which said,-- + + "Beryan Erde, + Oyn und Perde!" + +Then came the priest of the Place of Morwenna, a gray and silent man! He +had served long years at a lonely altar, a bent and solitary form. But +he had been wise in the language of his youth, and he read the legend +thus-- + + "The earth must hide + Both eyes and pride!" + +Now, as he uttered these words, they stood in the Pleasance by the +mound; and on a sudden there was a low faint cry! They beheld, and O +wondrous and strange! there was a small dark creature, clothed in a soft +velvet skin, in texture and in hue like the Lady Alice her robe; and +they saw, as it went into the earth, that it moved along without eyes, +in everlasting night. Then the ancient priest wept, for he called to +mind all these things, and saw what they meant; and he showed them how +this was the maiden, who had been visited with doom for her pride. +Therefore her rich array had been changed into the skin of a creeping +thing and her large proud eyes were sealed up; and she herself had +become + + The first mole! + Of the hillocks of Cornwall! + +Ah! woe is me! and well-a-day! that damsel so stately and fair, sweet +Lady Alice of the Lea, should be made for a judgement--the dark mother +of the moles! + +Now take ye good heed, Cornish maidens, how ye put on vain apparel, to +win love. And cast down your eyes, all ye damsels of the west, and look +ye meekly on the ground! Be ye good and gentle, tender and true; and +when ye see your image in the glass, and begin to be lifted up with the +beauty of that shadowy thing, call to mind the maiden of Morwenna, her +noble eyes and comely countenance, the vesture of price and the +glittering ring. Sit ye by the wheel, as of old they sate and as ye draw +the lengthening wool, sing ye ever-more and say, + + "Beryan Erde, + Oyn and Perde!" + + * * * * * + +"A whistling Wife" &c.--I can supply another version of the couplet +quoted in "Folk Lore" (Vol. ii., p. 164.), which has the merit of being +more rhymical and mysterious. In what district it was current I know +not. + + "A whistling wife and a crowing hen + Will call the old gentleman out of his den." + +G.L.B. + + +_A Charm for Warts._--In some parts of Ireland, especially towards the +south, they place great faith in the following charm:--When a funeral is +passing by, they rub the warts and say three times, "May these warts and +this corpse pass away and never more return;" sometimes adding, "in the +name of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost." + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_"Hanging out the Broom"._--Besides the instance given by Mr. R.F. +Johnson (Vol. i., p. 384.), perhaps some of your readers can inform me +of the origin of a somewhat similar custom, applicable to all ships and +vessels for sale or hire, by the broom (all old one being generally +used) being attached to the mast-head: if of two masts, to the +foretop-mast head. + +WP. + + * * * * * + +LORD PLUNKET AND SAINT AGOBARD. + +Some of your readers may remember a speech in parliament by, as I think, +Lord Plunket, in which his lordship argued with great eloquence in +behalf of the Bill for the Emancipation of the Roman Catholics. Among +many passages therein of equal truth and rhetorical power, there was one +long afterwards much quoted, paraphrased, and praised. It was that in +which he reminded the House, that those for whom he pleaded were +fellow-subjects of the same race, offspring of the same Creator, alike +believers in the One true God, the equal recipients of His mercies, +appealing for {227} His blessings though the medium of the same faith, +and looking forward for salvation to the One Intercessor, Mediator, and +Sacrifice for all,--men, who, as they did, addressed the Eternal in the +form of that "Universal prayer"--Our Father--the authority and the +privilege of one common parentage, offered by the all in the union of +the same spirit, in the conviction of the same wants, in the aspiration +of the same hope. I say, I think Lord Plunket so spoke, for I write from +memory dating from the period when George the Third was king. Now be +this so: according to the dogmas of some critics, Lord Plunket may be +convicted of an eloquent plagiary. Read the following extract from a +missive by S. Agobard, to be found in the _Bibl. Vet. Patrum_, tome +xiii, page 429., by Galland, addressed "Ad præfatum Imperatorem, +adversus legem Gundobadi et impia certamina quæ per eam geruntur," and +say whether, in spite of the separation of centuries, there does not +appear a family likeness, though there were no family acquaintance +between them; Saint Agobard being Bishop of Lyons in the ninth centry, +and Lord Plunket Attorney-General for Ireland in the nineteenth. + +The Saint is pleading against the judical ordeal: + + "Illi autem profecti, prædicaverunt ubique Domino cooperante; + annuntiataque est ab eis omni creaturæ; id est, cunetis + nationibus mundi; una fides indita per Deum, una spes diffusa + per Spiritum Sanctum in cordibus credentium, una caritas nata in + omnibus, una voluntas, accensum unum desiderium, tradita una + oratio; ut omnes omnino ex diversis gentibus, diversis + conditionibus, diverso sexu, nobilitate, honestate, servitute + diversa, simul dicant uni Deo, et Patri omnium; Pater Noster qui + es, &c., sicut unum Patrem invocantes, ita unam santificationem + quærentes, unum regnum postulantes, unam adimpletionem + voluntatis ejus, sicut fit in coelo optantes; unum sibi panem + quotidianum dari precantes et omnibus dimitti debita." + +To which other passages might be added, as, in fact, S. Agobard pursues +the one idea until he hunts it down to the one effect of sameness and +common antithesis. Should we say Lord Plunket had read these passages, +and is thereby convicted of eloquent plagiary? I say, No! Lauder then +equally convicted Milton of trespassing on the thoughts of others, by +somewhat apposite quotations from the classics. We are, in truth, too +much inclined to this. The little, who cannot raise themselves to the +stature of the great, are apt to strive after a socialist level, by +reducing all to one same standard--their own. Truth is common to all +ages, and will obtain utterance by the truthful and the eloquent +throughout all time. + +S.H. + +Athenæum, August 12. + + * * * * * + +NOTES ON THE SECOND EDITION OF MR. CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK OF LONDON + +14. _Long Acre._ Mr. Cunningham, upon the authority of Parton's _History +of St. Giles's_, says: + + "First known as the Elms, then called Seven Acres, and since + 1612, from the length of a certain slip of ground, then first + used as a public pathway, as Long Acre." + +The latter part of this statement is incorrect. The Seven Acres were +known as _Long Acre_ as early as 1552, when they were granted to the +Earl of Bedford. See _Strype_, B. vi. p. 88. + +Machyn, in his _Diary_, printed by the Camden Society, p. 21., under the +date A.D. 1556, has the following allusion to the _Acre_: + + "The vj day of December the Abbot of Westminster went a + procession with his convent. Before him went all the Santuary + men with crosse keys upon their garments, and after went iij for + murder: on was the Lord Dacre's sone of the North, was wypyd + with a shett abowt him for kyllyng of on Master West, squyre, + dwellyng besyd ... and anodur theyff that dyd long to one of + Master Comtroller ... dyd kylle Recherd Eggylston the + Comtroller's tayller, and kylled him in the _Long Acurs_, the + bak-syd Charyng Crosse." + +15. _Norfolk House, St. James's Square._ The present Norfolk House was +built from a design by R. Brettingham, in 1742, by Thomas Duke of +Norfolk, and finished by his brother Edward in 1762. Mr. Cunningham +speaks as if the old house, in which George III. was born, was still +standing. + +16. _Soho Square._ Mr. Cunningham has not corrected his mistake about +Mrs. Cornelys's house in this square, (see "Notes and Queries," vol. i., +pp. 244, 450.). _D'Almaine's_, which Mr. Cunningham confounds with Mrs. +Cornelys's, was at a former period tenanted by the Duke of Argyll; then +by the Earl of Bradford; and, at a later time, by the celebrated Onslow, +who held his parliamentary levees in the principal drawing-room. The +ceilings of the best rooms are adorned with paintings by Rebecca and +Angelica Kauffman. + +Mr. Cunningham has taken some pains to destroy the _Pennant_ tradition +concerning the name of this square, but he has not given us one +important piece of information, i.e. that between the years 1674 and +1681, the ground was surveyed by _Gregory King_, an eminent architect of +those days, who projected the square with the adjacent streets. Query, +Did it not take the name of _King's_ Square from the architect? This +seems very probable; more especially as the statue of Charles I. was not +placed in the square until the beginning of the next century. The centre +space was originally occupied by a splendid fountain, (the work of +Colley Cibber's father), an estimate of the "cost and charges" of which +is now before me. + +Among the eminent inhabitants of this square, not noticed by Mr. +Cunningham, were the following:--Lord {228} Berkely, Lord Byron, Lord +Grimstone, Lord Howard, Lord Leicester, Sir Thomas Mansel, Lord Morpeth, +Lord Nottingham, Lord Peterborough, Lord Pierrepoint, Lord Pigot, Dudley +North, the Earl of Dartmouth, the Duchess of Cleveland, the Duchess of +Wharton, &c. These names appear in the books of the parish of St. Anne, +between the years of 1708 and 1772. + +17. _Surrey Institution._ At one period (about 1825), this building was +known as the _Blackfriars Rotundo_. Here that execrable character, +Robert Taylor, who styled himself "the Devil's Chaplain," delivered his +blasphemous discourses. + +18. _Opera House._ Mr. Cunningham, speaking of the translation of +_Arsinoe_, the first Anglo-Italian opera performed in this country, +says: "The translation was made by Thomas Clayton." This is an error, +for Clayton himself says, in his preface: "I was obliged to have an +Italian opera translated." Clayton was the composer of the music. + +19. _James's (St.) Chapel, St. James's Palace._ Mr. Cunningham says, +"The service is chanted by the boys of the Chapel Royal." This ought to +read, "The service is chaunted by the boys _and gentlemen_ of the Chapel +Royal" The musical service of our cathedrals and collegiate +establishments cannot be performed without four kinds of voices, treble, +alto, tenor, and bass. + +20. _Bagnigge Wells._ Mr. Cunningham makes a strange mistake concerning +this once popular place of amusement when he says, "first opened to the +public in the year 1767." A stone, still to be seen, let into the wall +over what was formerly the garden entrance, has the following +inscription: + + "S + T + This is Bagnigge + Hovse neare + The Pinder a + Wakefeilde + 1680." + +The gardens were first opened for the accommodation of persons who +partook of the mineral springs; subsequently, amusements were added; and +in Bickham's curious work, _The Musical Entertainer_ (circa 1738), is an +engraving of Tom Hippersley mounted in the "singing rostrum," regaling +the company with a song. About half a century after this date, a regular +orchestra was erected, and the entertainments resembled Marylebone +Gardens and Vauxhall. The old house and gardens were demolished in 1842, +to make room for several new streets. + +Edward F. Rimbault. + + * * * * * + +NOTES ON COLERIDGE'S AIDS TO REFLECTION + +(2nd Edition, 1831) + +Introductory Aphorisms, No. xii., p. 7.: + + "Tertullian had good reason for his assertation, that the + simplest Christian (if indeed a Christian) knows more than the + most accomplished irreligious philosopher." + +The passage referred to is in the Apology, c. 46: + + "Deum quilibet opifex Christianus et invenit et ostendit et + exinde totum, quod in Deo quæritur, re quoque assignat; licet + Plato affirmet factitatorem universitatis neque inveniri facilem + et inventum enarrari in omnes difficilem." + +Note to Aphorism xxxi., p. 30.: + + "To which he [Plato] may possibly have referred in his phrase + [Greek: theoparadotos sophia]." + +Possibly Coleridge may have borrowed this from Berkeley's _Siris_, § +301., where [Greek: theoparadotos philosophia] is cited from "a heathen +writer." The word [Greek: theoparadotos] occurs in Proclus and Marinus +(see Valpy's _Stephani Thesaurus_), but not in Plato. + +The motto from Seneca, prefixed to the Aphorisms on Spiritual Religion, +is from the fourty-first Epistle of that writer. + +The question from Tertullian in the Comment on the eight of those +Aphorisms, + + "Certum est quia impossibile est."--p. 199. + +is from the _De Carne Christi_, cap. v. + +Aphorism iv., p. 227.: + + "In wonder all philosophy began." + +See Plato's _Theætetus_ § 32., p. 155. Gataker on Antonin, i. 15. +Plutarch _de EI Delph_. cap. 2. p. 385 B. Sympos, v. 7., p. 680 C. +Aristot. _Metaph_. 1. 2. 9. + +In the "Sequelæ" annexed to this Aphorism, it is said of Simonides (p. +230.), that + + "_In the fortieth day_ of his mediation the sage and philosophic + poet abandoned the problem [of the nature of God] in despair." + +Cicero (_de nat. Deor._ i. 22. § 60.) and Minucius Felix (_Octav._ 13.) +do not specify the number of days during which Simonides deferred his +answer to Hiero. + +Aphorism x. On Original Sin. (note, p. 252.) [Greek: sunetois phonun], +&c., from Pindar, _Olymp._ ii. 85. (152.) + +Conclusion, p. 399.: + + "_Evidences_ of Christianity! I am weary of this word," &c. + +See the remarks on this passage in Archbishop Whately's _Logic_, +Appendix III., near the end. + +The quotation from Apuleius, at the end of the book (p. 403.), is from +the _Metamorphos._, i. 3. + +J.E.B. Mayor + +Marlborough College. + + * * * * * + +MINOR NOTES. + +_Capture of Henry VI._ (Vol. ii., p. 181.).--There are several errors in +this historical note. The name of the Dean of Windsor was Manning, not +{229} "Manting;" "Brungerly" should be Bungerley. One of the Talbots, of +Bashall Hall, could never be "High Sheriff for the West Riding," as the +Ridings of Yorkshire never had distinct sheriffs; neither was he sheriff +of the county. The particulars of the king's capture are thus related in +the chronicle called Warksworth's _Chronicle_, which has been printed by +the Camden Society:-- + + "Also, the same yere, kynge Henry was takene byside a howse of + religione [i.e. Whalley] in Lancashyre, by the mene of a blacke + monke of Abyngtone [Abingdon] in a wode called Cletherwode [the + wood of Clitheroe], besyde Bungerly hyppyngstones, by Thomas + Talbott, sonne and heyre to sere Edmunde Talbot of Basshalle, + and Jhon Talbott, his cosyne, of Colebry [i.e. Salebury, in + Blackburn], withe other moo; which discryvide [him] beynge at + his dynere at Wadyngton halle: and [he was] carryed to London on + horsebake, and his leges bownde to the styropes." + +I have substituted the word "discryvide" for "disseyvide," as it is +printed in the Camden Society's book, where the editor, Mr. Halliwell, +understood the passage as meaning that the king was deceived or +betrayed. I take the meaning to be that the black monk of Abingdon had +descried, or discovered, the king as he was eating his dinner at +Waddington Hall; whereupon the Talbots, and some other parties in the +neighbourhood, formed plans for his apprehension, and arrested him on +the first convenient opportunity, as he was crossing the ford across the +river Ribble, formed by the hyppyngstones at Bungerley. Waddington +belonged to Sir John Tempest, of Bracewell, who was the father-in-law of +Thomas Talbot. Both Sir John Tempest and Sir James Harrington of +Brierley, near Barnsley, were concerned in the king's capture, and each +received one hundred marks reward; but the fact of Sir Thomas Talbot +being the chief actor, is shown by his having received the larger reward +of 100£. Further particulars respecting these and other parties +concerned, will be found in the notes to Warksworth's _Chronicle_. The +chief residence of the unhappy monarch during his retreat was at Bolton +Hall, where his boots, his gloves, and a spoon, are still preserved, and +are engraved in Whitaker's _Craven_. An interior view of the ancient +hall at Bolton, which is still remaining, is engraved in the +_Gentleman's Magazine_ for May, 1841. Sir Ralph Pudsay, of Bolton, had +married Margaret, daughter of Sir Thomas Tunstal, who attended the king +as esquire of the body. + +JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS. + + +_Mentmore, Bucks, Notes from Register of._--Having recently had occasion +to go through the entire registers of the parish of Mentmore, Bucks, I +send you three extracts, not noticed by Lipscombe, the two first +relating to an extinct branch of the house of Hamilton, the third +illustrating the "Manners and Customs of the English" at the end of the +seventeenth century. + +"1732, William Hamilton, an infant son of Lord Viscount Limerick, Feb. +28." + +"1741. The Honourable Charles Hamilton, son of Lord Viscount Limerick, +Jan. 4." + +"Memorand. A beggar woman of Slapton, whipt at Mentmoir, July 5th, +1698." + +Q.D. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES + +JOHN JOKYN, OR JOACHIM, THE FRENCH AMBASSADOR. + +I am very desirous to be informed in what _French_ author I can find any +account of John Jokyn (Joachim?), who was ambassador to England from +France during the time of Cardinal Wolsey. I have looked into the +greater part of the French authors who have written historically on the +reign of François I. without having found any mention of such +personage--_L'Art de vérifier les Dates_, &c., without success. He is +frequently spoken of by English writers, and particularly in the _Union +of the Famelies of Lancastre and Yorke_, by Edward Halle, 1548, folios +135, 136, 139, 144, and 149.; at folio 144., 17th year of Hen. VIII., it +is stated:-- + + "There came over as ambassador from France, Jhon Jokyn, now + called M. de Vaux, which, as you have heard in the last year, + was kept secret in Master Lark's house; and when he came into + England he was welcomed of the Cardinal (Wolsey), and there + between them were such communications at the suit of the said + Jhon, that a truce was concluded from the 13th of July for forty + days between England and France, both on the sea, and beyond the + sea," &c. &c. + +This M. Jokyn, or Joachim, appears to have been a person of considerable +influence, and it appears his purpose on this mission was to bribe +Wolsey; and it seems that the Chancellor Duprat was aware of this, and +was much displeased on the occasion. + +AMICUS. +Aug 3, 1850. + + * * * * * + +SCRIPTURES, ROMAN CATHOLIC TRANSLATIONS OF, LUTHER'S FAMILIARITY WITH. + +The replies I have gained to previous Queries encourage me to trouble +you with the following:-- + +1. Has the Roman Catholic Church ever published a translation of the +Scriptures, or any part of them, into the vernacular _Irish_? Have their +missionaries in _China_ ever translated anything beyond the Epistles and +Gospels of the Missal? Or, is there any Roman Catholic translation into +any of the vernacular languages of _India_? Or, are there any versions +in any of the American dialects by Roman Catholic authors, besides those +mentioned by Le Long in his _Bibliotheca Sacra_. And is there any +continuation of his work up to {230} the present day? I am acquainted +with Bishop Marsh's volume, but he seems ill-informed and speaks vaguely +about Roman Catholic versions. + +2. What is the authority for the familiar story of a bill being brought +into parliament for the suppression of all vernacular translations in +Richard II.'s reign, and of its being stoutly opposed by John of Gaunt? +"What, are we the dregs of the earth not to hear the Scriptures in our +own tongue?" Usher mentions the circumstance (_Historia Dogmatica_, +&c.), and it is borrowed from him by Fox. But I am so ignorant as not to +know the original and cotemporary authority. + +3. Your learned correspondent, DR. MAITLAND, in his _Dark Ages_, snubs +D'Aubigné most unmercifully for repeating an old story about Luther's +stumbling upon a Bible, and pooh-pooh's D'Aubigné's authority, +Mathesius, as no better than a goose. May I ask whether it is possible +to discover the probable foundation of such a story, and whether Luther +has left us in his writings any account of his early familiarity with +Scripture, that would bear upon the alleged incident, and show how much +of it may be true? + +C.F.S. + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES + +_The Lost Tribes._--A list of all the theories and publications +respecting the ten tribes commonly called the Lost tribes, or any +communication concerning them, will much oblige. + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Partrige Family._--Can any of your readers inform me where I can see +the grant mentioned in the following _note_ taken from Strype's +_Ecclesiastical Memorials_, vol. iii. p. 542: "I find a grant to the +Lady Jane Partrige for life, of the manor of Kenne in Devon, of the +yearly value of 57l. 12s. 0-3/4d., but this not before April, 1553." Can +any of your readers tell me how to obtain access to a private act 1st +Mary, Sessio secunda. cap. 9., anno 1553, intituled, "An Act for the +Restitution in Blood of the Heirs of Sir Miles Partrige, Knight"? Strype +calls it an act for the restitution of the daughters of Sir Miles +Partrige, and I think he must be right, as I have primâ facie proof that +Sir Miles left no son. Were the debates on the acts of parliament +recorded in those days, and if so, how can they be seen? + +J. PARTRIGE. + +Birmingham. + + +_Commoner marrying a Peeress._--Formerly, when a commoner married a +peeress in her own right, he assumed her title and dignity. The right +was, I believe, disputed during the reign of Henry VIII., in the case of +the claimant of the barony of Talbois, when it was decided that no man +could take his wife's titles unless he had issue male by her, but, if +there were such issue, he became, as in cases of landed property, +"tenant by curtesy" of her dignities. Can any of your correspondents +inform me whether any subsequent decision has deprived of this right a +commoner marrying a peeress and having issue male by her? + +L.R.N. + + +_The Character "&."_--What is the correct name of the character "&?" I +have heard it called _ample-se-and_, _ampuzzánd_, _empuzád_, _ampássy_, +and _apples-and_,--all evident corruptions of one and the same word. +What is that word? + +M.A. LOWER. + + +_Combs buried with the Dead._--When the corpse of St. Cuthbert was +disinterred in the cathedral of Durham, there was found upon his breast +a plain simple Saxon _comb_. A similar relique has been also discovered +in other sepulchres of the same sanctuary. + +Can any of your learned contributors inform me (for I am totally +ignorant) the origin and intent of this strange accompaniment of the +burial of the ancient dead. The comb of St. Cuthbert is, I believe, +carefully preserved by the Dean and Chapter of Durham. + +R.S. HAWKER. + +Morwenstow, Cornwall. + + +_Cave's Historia Literaria._--My present Queries arise out of a Note +which I took of a passage in Adam Clarke's _Bibliography_, under the +article "W. Cave" (vol. ii. p. 161.). + +1. Has not the bibliographer assigned a wrong date to the publication of +Cave's _Historia Literaria_, viz. 1740, instead of 1688-1698? + +2. Will some of your readers do me the favour of mentioning the +successive editions of the _Historia Literaria_, together with the year +and the place of appearance of each of them? + +According to the _Biographia Britannica_ (ed. 2., "Cave, W."), this +learned work came out in the year above stated, and there were two +impressions printed at Geneva in 1705 and 1720 respectively. + +R.K.J. + + +_Julin._--Will DR. BELL, who adverts to the tradition of the doomed +city, _Julin_, in your last number (Vol. ii. p. 178.), oblige me by a +"Note" of the story as it is told by Adam of Bremen, whose work I am not +within reach of? I have long wanted to trace this legend. + +V. + +Belgravia, Aug. 17. 1850. + + +_Richardson Family._--Can of your correspondents inform me who "Mr. John +Richardson, of the Market Place, Leeds," was? he was living 1681 to 1700 +and after, and he made entries of the births of eleven children on the +leaves of an old book, and also an entry of the death of his wife, named +Lydea, who died 20th December, 1700. These entries are now in possession +of one of his daughters' descendants, who is desirous to know {231} of +what family Mr. Richardson was, who he married, and what was his +profession or business. + +T.N.I. + +Wakefield. + + +_Tobacco--its Arabic Name._--One of your correspondents, A.C.M. (Vol. +ii., p. 155.), wishes to know what is the Arabic word for _tobacco_ used +in Sale's _Koran_, ed. 8vo. p. 169. Perhaps, if he will refer to the +chapter and verse, or even specify _which_ is the 8vo. edition which he +quotes, some of your correspondents may be able to answer his Query. + +M.D. + + +_Pole Money._--Some time ago I made a copy of + + "A particular of all the names of the several persons within the + Lordship of Marston Montgomery (in Derbyshire), and of their + estates, according to the acts of parliament, for payment of + _pole money_ assessed by William Hall, constable, and others." + +This was some time between 1660 and 1681. And also of a like + + "Particular of names of the several persons within the same + lordship under the sum of _5l._, to _pole for_ according to the + acts of parliament." + +Can any of your correspondents inform me to what tax the above lists +applied, and what were the acts of parliament under which this tax (or +pole-money) was payable. + +T.N.I. + +Wakefield. + + +_Welsh Money._--I have never seen in any work on coins the slightest +allusion to the money of the native princes of Wales before the +subjugation of their country by Edward I. Is any such in existence? and, +if not, how is its disappearance to be accounted for? I read that +Athelstan imposed on the Welsh an annual tribute _in money_, which was +paid for many years. Query, In what sort of coin? + +J.C. Witton. + + +_A skeleton in every House._--Can you or any of your correspondents +explain the origin of that most significant saying "There is a skeleton +in every house?" Does it originate in some ghastly legend? + +Mors. + + + [Our correspondent is right in his conjecture. The saying is + derived from an Italian story, which is translated in the + _Italian Tales of Humour, Gallantry, and Romance_, published + some few years ago, with illustrations by Cruikshank.] + + +_Whetstone of Reproof._--Can any of your readers inform me who was the +author of the book with the following title? + + "The Whetstone of Reproofe, or a Reproving Censvre of the + misintitled Safe Way: declaring it by Discourie of the Authors + fraudulent Proceeding, and captious Cauilling, to be a miere + By-way, drawing pore Trauellers out of the royalle and common + Streete, and leading them deceitfully into a Path of Perdition. + With a Postscript of Advertisements, especially touching the + Homilie and Epistles attributed to Alfric: and a compendious + Retortiue Discussion of the misapplyed By-way. Avthor T.T. + Sacristan and Catholike Romanist.--Catvapoli, apud viduam Marci + Wyonis. Anno MDCXXXII." Sm. 8vo. pp. xvi. 570. 198. + +It is an answer to Sir Humphrey Lynd's _Via Tuta_ and _Via Devia_. In +Wood's _Ath. Oxon._, edit. Bliss, fol. ii. col. 602, two answers to the +_Via Tuta_ are mentioned; but this is not noticed. From the author +stating in the preface, "I confesse, Sir Humfrey, I am Tom Teltruth, who +cannot flatter or dissemble," I suppose the initials T.T. to be +fictitious. + +John I. Dredge. + + +_Morganatic Marriages.--Morganatique._--What is the derivation of this +word, and what its _actual signification_? + +In the _Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française_ (ed. 4to., 1835), the word +does not appear. In Boister's _Dictionnaire Universel_ (Bruxelles, 1835) +it is thus given:-- + + "Morganatique, _adj. 2 g._, nocturne, mystérieux, entrainée par + séduction; (mariage) mariage secret des princes d'Allemagne avec + une personne d'un rang inférieur." + +And the same definition is given by Landais (Paris, 4to., 1842), but +this does not give the derivation or literal signification of the word +"_morganatic_." It is not in Johnson's _Dictionary_; but in Smart's +_Dictionary Epitomized_ (Longman and Co., 1840) it is thus given:-- + + "Morganatic, _a._, applied to the marriage in which a gift in + the morning is to stand in lieu of dowry, or of all right of + inheritance, that might otherwise fall to the issue." + +This, however, is inconsistent with the definition of _nocturne_, +_mystérieux_, for the gift in lieu of dowry would have nothing of +mystery in it. + +Will some of your correspondents afford, if they can, any reasonable +explanation which justifies the application of the word to inferior or +left-handed marriages? + +G. + + + [Will our correspondent accept the following as a satisfactory + reply?] + +_Morganatic Marriage_ (Vol. ii, p. 72.).--The fairy Morgana was married +to a mortal. Is not this a sufficient explanation of the term morganatic +being applied to marriages where the parties are of unequal rank? + +S.S. + + +_Gospel of Distaffs._--Can any reader say where a copy of the _Gospel of +Distaffs_ may be accessible? It was printed by Wynkyn de Worde, and Sir +E. Brydges, who describes it, says a complete copy was in Mr. Heber's +library. A few leaves are found in Bagford's Collection, Harleian MS. +5919., which only raises the desire to see the whole. Dibdin's _Ames' +Typography_, vol. ii. p. 232., has an account of it. + +W. Bell. + + * * * * * {232} + + +REPLIES. + +POETA ANGLICUS. + +Every proof or disproof of statements continually made with regard to +the extravagant titles assumed, or complacently received, by the bishops +of Rome being both interesting and important, the inquiry of J.B. (Vol. +ii., p. 167.) is well deserving of a reply. Speaking of a passage cited +by Joannes Andreæ, in his gloss on the preface to the Clementines, he +asks, "who is the Anglicus Poeta?" and "what is the name of his poem," +in which it is said to the pope, "Nec Deus es nec homo, quasi neuter es +inter utrumque?" + +"Poetria nova" was the name assigned to the hexameter poem commencing, +"Papa stupor mundi," inscribed, about the year 1200, to the reigning +Pope, Innocent III., by Galfridus de Vino salvo. Of this work several +manuscript copies are to be met with in England. I will refer only to +two in the Bodleian, Laud. 850. 83.: Ken. Digb. 1665. 64. Polycarp +Leyser (_Hist. Poem. medii Ævi_) published it in 1721; and Mabillon has +set forth another performance by the same writer in elegiac verse (_Vet. +Analect._ pp. 369-76., Paris, 1723). In the latter case the author's +name is not given, and accordingly he is entered merely as "Poeta vetus" +in Mr. Dowling's _Notitia Scriptorum SS. Pat._, sc. p. 279., Oxon., +1839. Your correspondent may compare with Andreæ's extract these lines, +and those which follow them, p. 374.: + + "Papa brevis vox est, sed virtus nominis hujus + Perlustrat quiequid arcus uterque tenet." + +Galfridus evidently derived his surname from his treatise on vines and +wine; and he has been singularly unfortunate in the epithet, for I have +never seen VIN-SAUF correctly printed. It varies from "de Nine salvo" to +"_Mestisauf_." Pits and Oudin call him "Vinesalf" and Fabricius and +Mansi change him into "Vine fauf." + +The question now remains, Are the Roman Pontiffs and their Church +answerable for the toleration of such language? Uncertainty may on this +occasion be removed by our recollection of the fact, that a "Censura" +upon the glosses of the papal canon law, by Manriq, Master of the Sacred +Palace, was issued by the command of Pope Pius V. in 1572. It was +reprinted by Pappus, Argent. 1599, 12mo., and 1609, 8vo., and it +contains an order for the expurgation of the words before quoted, +together with the summary in the margin, "Papa nec Deus est nec homo," +which appears in every old edition; for instance, in that of Paris, +1532, sig. aa. iij. So far the matter looks well, and the prospect is +not hopeless. These glosses, however, were revised by another master of +the Apostolic Palace, Sixtus Fabri, and were edited, under the sanction +of Pope Gregory XIII., in the year 1580; and from this authentic +impression the impious panegyric has not been withdrawn. The marginal +abridgment has, in compliance with Manriq's direction, been +exterminated; and this additional note has been appended as a +palliative:-- + + "Hæc verba sano modo sunt accipienda: prolata enim sunt ad + ostendendum amplissimam esse Romani Pontificis + potestatem."--Col. 4. ed. Paris, 1585. + +R.G. + +_Poeta Anglicus_ (Vol ii., p. 167).--I cannot answer J.B.'s Queries; but +I have fallen upon a _cross scent_, which perchance may lead to their +discovery. + +1. Ioannes Pitseus, _de Scriptor. ad ann._ 1250, (_Relat. Histor. de +Rebus Anglicis_, ed. Par. 1619, p. 322.), gives the following account +"de Michaele Blaunpaino:"-- + + "Michael Blaunpainus, vulgo _Magister_ cognominatus, natione + Anglus, patria Cornubiensis, ... missus Oxonium, deinde + Parisios, ... præ cæteris se dedidit elegantiæ linguæ Latinæ, + fuitque inter præcipuos sui temporis _poetus_ per Angliam + potissimum et Galliam numeratus. Hunc subinde citat Textor in + Cornucopia sub nomine Michaelis _Anglici_.... In lucem emisit: + Historiarum Normanniæ, librum unum: Contra Henricum Abrincensem + versu. librum unum. Archipoeta vide, quod non sit. (_MS. in + Bibliotheca Lunleiana._) Epistolarum et carminum, librum unum. + Claruit anno Messiæ 1250, sub Henrici tertii regno." + +2. Valerius Andreas, however, gives a somewhat different account of +_Michael Anglicus_. In his _Biblioth. Belg._ ed. 8vo. Lovan, 1623, p. +609., he says: + + "Michael Anglicus, Bellimontensis, Hanno, I. V. Professor et + _Poeta_, scripsit: + + Eclogarum, libros iv., ad Episc. Parisien. + Eclogarum, libb. ii., ad Lud. Villerium. + De mutatione studiorum, lib. i. + Elegiam deprecatoriam. + + Et alia, quæ Paris. sunt typis edita. Hujus eruditionem et + Poemata Bapt. Mantuanus et Joannes Ravisius Testor epigrammate + commendarunt: hic etiam in Epithetis suis _Anglici_ auctoritatem + non semel adducit." + +3. Franciscus Sweertius (_Athenæ Belgricoe_, ed. Antv. 1628, p. 565.) +gives a similar account to this of Valerius Andreas. + +4. And the account given by Christopher Hendreich Brandebargca, (ed. +Berolini, 1699, p. 193.) is substantially the same; viz., + + "Anglicus Michael cognomine, sed natione Gallus, patria + Belmontensis, utriusque juris Professor, scripsit Eclogarum, + lib. iv. ad Episc." &c ... "Et diversorum carminum libros + aliquot, quæ omnia Parisiis impressa sunt. Claruit autem A.C. + 1500." + +5. Moreri takes notice of this apparent confusion made between two +different writers, who lived two centuries and a half apart. Speaking of +the later {233} of the two, he says (_Dictionnaire Historique_, Paris, +1759, tom. i. par. ii. p. 87.):-- + + "_Anglicus_ (Michel), natif de Beaumont dans le Hainaut, qui + vivoit dans le XVI. siècle, étoit poëte et professeur en droit. + Nous avons divers ouvrages de sa façon, des églogues, un traité + _de mutatione studiorum_, &c. (Valer. Andreas, _Bibl. Belg._) + Quelques auteurs l'ont confondu avec Michel Blaumpain. (Voyez + Blaumpain.)" #/ + +Of the earlier Anglicus, Moreri says (ubi sup., tom. ii. par. i. p. +506.): + + "Blaumpain (Michel) surnommé _Magister_, Anglois de nation, et + _Poëte_, qui vivoit vers l'an 1250. Il est nommé par quelques-un + _Michel Anglicus_. Mais il y a plus d'apparence que c'étoient + deux auteurs différens; dont l'un composa une histoire de + Normandie, et un traité contre Henri d'Avranches; et l'autre + laissa quelques pièces de poësies;--Eclogarum, libri iv., ad + Episcopum Parisiensem; Eclogarum, libri ii., ad Ludovicum + Villerium, De mutatione studioram, Elogia deprecatoria, &c. + Baptiste Mantuan parle de Michel Anglicus, qui étoit de Beaumont + dans l'Hainault. (Pitseus, _De Script. Angl._ p. 322.; Valerius + Andreas in _Bibl_, p. 670.)" + +Perhaps some of your readers may have access to a copy of the _Paris +impression_ of Michael Anglicus, mentioned by Andreas, Sweertius, and +Hendreich. J.B. will not need to be reminded of these words of Innocent +III., in his first serm. de consecr. Pont. Max., in which he claimed, as +St. Peter's successor, to be + + "Inter Deum et hominem medius constitutus; citra Deum, sed ultra + hominem; minor Deo, sed major homine: qui de omnibus judicat, et + a nemine judicatur."--_Innocentii tertii Op._, ed. Colon. 1575, + tom. i., p. 189. + +Did the claim _originate_ with Pope Innocent? + +J. Sansom. + + * * * * * + +CAXTON'S PRINTING-OFFICE. + +I must protest against the manner in which Arun (Vol. ii., p. 187.) has +proceeded with the discussion of Caxton's printing at Westminster. +Though writing anonymously himself, he has not hesitated to charge me by +name with a desire to impeach the accuracy of Mr. C. Knight's _Life of +Caxton_, of which, and of other works of the same series, he then +volunteers as the champion, as if they, or any one of them, were the +object of a general attack. This is especially unfair, as I made the +slightest possible allusion to Mr. Knight's work, and may confess I have +as yet seen no more of it than the passage quoted by ARUN himself. Any +such admixture of personal imputations is decidedly to be deprecated, as +being likely to militate against the sober investigation of truth which +has hitherto characterised the pages of "NOTES AND QUERIES." ARUN also +chooses to say that the only question which is material, is, Who was +Caxton's patron? i.e. who was the Abbot of Westminster at the time,--who +may not, after all, have actively interfered in the matter. This +question remains in some doubt; but it was not the question with which +DR. RIMBAULT commenced the discussion. The object of that gentleman's +inquiry (Vol. ii., p. 99.) was, the particular spot where Caxton's press +was fixed. From a misapprehension of the passage in Stow, a current +opinion has obtained that the first English press was erected within the +abbey-church, and in the chapel of St. Anne; and Dr. Dibdin conjectured +that the chapel of St. Anne stood on the site of Henry VII.'s chapel. +The correction of this vulgar error is, I submit, by no means +immaterial; especially at a time when a great effort is made to +propagate it by the publication of a print, representing "William Caxton +examining the first proof sheet from his printing-press in Westminster +Abbey;" the engraving of which is to be "of the size of the favourite +print of Bolton Abbey:" where the draftsman has deliberately represented +the printers at work within the consecrated walls of the church itself! +When a less careless reader than Dr. Dibdin consults the passage of +Stow, he finds that the chapel of St. Anne stood in the opposite +direction from the church to the site of Henry VII.'s chapel, i.e. +within the court of the Almonry; and that Caxton's press was also set up +in the Almonry, though not (so far as appears, or is probable) within +that chapel. The second question is, When did Caxton first set up his +press in this place? And the third, the answer to which depends on the +preceding, is, Who was the abbot who gave him admission? Now it is true, +as ARUN remarks, that the introduction of Abbot Islip's name is traced +up to Stow in the year 1603: and, as Mr. Knight has observed, "the +careful historian of London here committed one error," because John +Islip did not become Abbot of Westminster until 1500. The entire passage +of Stow has been quoted by DR. RIMBAULT in "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vol. +ii., p. 99.; it states that in the Almonry-- + + "Islip, abbot of Westminster, erected the first press of + book-printing that ever was in England, about the year 1471." + +Now, it appears that the various authors of repute, who have given the +point their consideration, as the editor of Dugdale's _Monasticon_ (Sir +Henry Ellis), and Mr. Cunningham in his _Handbook_, affirm that it is +John Esteney who became abbot in 1474 or 1475, and not Thomas Milling, +who was abbot in 1471, whose name should be substituted for that of +Islip. In that case, Stowe committed two errors instead of one; he was +wrong in his date as well as his name. It is to this point that I +directed my remarks, which are printed in Vol. ii., p. 142. We have +hitherto no evidence that Caxton {234} printed at Westminster before the +year 1477, six years later than mentioned by Stow. + +JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS. + + * * * * * + +THE USE OF COFFINS. + +The Query of H.E. (Vol. i., p. 321.) seems to infer that the use of +coffins may be only a modern custom. In book xxiii., chapters i. and +ii., of Bingham's _Antiquities of the Christian Church_, H.E. will find +ample proof of the very early use of coffins. During the first three +centuries of the Church, one great distinction betwixt Heathens and +Christians was, that the former burned their dead, and placed the bones +and ashes in urns; whilst the latter always buried the corpse, either in +a coffin or, embalmed, in a catacomb; so that it might be restored at +the last day from its original dust. There have frequently been dug out +of the barrows which contain Roman urns, ancient British stone coffins. +Bede mentions that the Saxons buried their dead in wood. Coffins both of +lead and iron were constructed at a very early period. When the royal +vaults at St. Denis were desecrated, during the first French revolution, +coffins were exposed that had lain there for ages. + +Notwithstanding all this, it appears to be the case that, both in the +Norman and English periods, the common people of this country were often +wrapped in a sere-cloth after death, and so placed, coffinless, in the +earth. The illuminations in the old missals represent this. And it is +not impossible that the extract from the "Table of Dutyes," on which +H.E. founds his inquiry, may refer to a lingering continuance of this +rude custom. Indeed, a statute passed in 1678, ordering that all dead +bodies shall be interred in woollen and no other material, is so worded +as to give the idea that there might be interments without coffins. The +statute forbids that any person be put in, wrapt, or wound up, or buried +in any shirt, shift, sheet, or shroud, unless made of sheep's wool only; +or in any coffin lined or faced with any material but sheep's wool; as +if the person might be buried either in a garment, or in a coffin, so +long as the former was made of, or the latter lined with, wool. + +I think the "buryall without a coffin," quoted by H.E., must have +referred to the interment of the poorest class. Their friends, being +unable to provide a coffin, conformed to an old rude custom, which had +not entirely ceased. + +Alfred Gatty + + * * * * * + +SHAKSPEARE'S USE OF THE WORD "DELIGHTED". + +If the passage from _Measure for Measure_, which has been the subject of +much controversy in your recent numbers, be read in its natural +sense--there is surely nothing unintelligible in the word "delighted" as +there used. + +The object of the poet was to show how instinctively the mind shudders +at the change produced by death--both on body and soul; and how +repulsive it must be to an active and sentient being. + +He therefore places in frightful contrast the condition of _each_ before +and after that awful change. The BODY, _now_ endowed with "sensible warm +motion," to become in death "a kneaded clod," to "lie in cold +obstruction, and to rot." The SPIRIT, _now_ "delighted" (all full of +delight), to become in death utterly powerless, an unconscious--passive +thing--"imprisoned in the viewless winds, and blown with restless +violence round about the pendant world," how intolerable the thought, +and how repulsive the contrast! It is _not_ in its state _after death_, +but _during life_, that the poet represents the spirit to be a +"delighted one." If we fall into the error of supposing him to refer to +the _former_ period, we are compelled to alter our text, in order to +make the passage intelligible, or invent some new meaning to the word +"delighted," and, at the same time, we deprive the passage of the strong +antithesis in which all its spirit and force consists. It is this strong +antithesis, this painfully marked contrast between the two states of +_each, body_ and _spirit_, which displays the power and skill of the +poet in handling the subject. Without it, the passage loses half its +meaning. + +MR. HICKSON will not, I hope, accuse one who is no critic for presuming +to offer this suggestion. I tender it with diffidence, being conscious +that, although a passionate admirer of the great bard, I am all +unlearned in the art of criticism, "a plain unlettered man," and +therefore simply take what is set before me in its natural sense, as +well as I may, without searching for recondite interpretations. On this +account, I feel doubly the necessity of apologising for interfering with +the labours of so learned and able a commentator as MR. HICKSON has +shown himself to be. + +L.B.L. + + * * * * * + +VENTRILOQUISM + +(Vol. ii., p. 88.) + +Plutarch (tom. ii., p. 397.D.) has these words: + + [Greek: "Ou gar esti theou hae gaerus oude ho phthoggos, oude he + lexis, oude to metron, alla taes yunaikos: ekeinos de monas tas + phantasias paristaesi, kau phos en tae psuchae poiei pros to + mellon."] + +If that be the passage referred to be Rollin, nothing is said there +about ventriloquism. The Scholiast on Aristoph. (_Plut._ 39.) tells us +how the Pythian received the _afflatus_, but says nothing about her +_speaking_ from her belly: He only has + + [Greek: "Ta taes manteias hae mallon manias ephtheggeto + hraemata."] + +In another place of Plutarch (tom. ii., p. 414. E.) we have [Greek: +eggastrimuthoi] and [Greek: puthones] used as synonymous words to +express persons into whose bodies the god might be supposed to enter, +"using their {235} bodies and voices as instruments." The only word in +that passage which appears to hint at what we call ventriloquism is +[Greek: hupophtheggesthai]. + +I have very little doubt that amongst the various tricks of ancient +divination ventriloquism found a place; but I cannot give that direct +evidence which MR. SANSOM asks for. I think it very likely that "_the +wizards that peep and mutter_" (Isa. viii. 19.) were of this class; but +it is not clear that the [Hebrew: 'obot]--the [Greek eggastrimuthoi] of +the LXX.--were so. The English version has "them that have familiar +spirits." The Hebrew word signifies _bottles_; and this may mean no more +than that the spirit of divination was contained in the person's body as +in a bottle, "using his body and his voice as instruments," as in the +place of Plutarch quoted above. We have something like this, Acts, xix. +15., where "the evil spirit answered," no doubt in the voice of the +demoniac, "Jesus I know," &c. Michaelis (Suppl., p. 39.) gives a +different meaning and etymology to [Hebrew: 'obot]. He derives it from +the Arabic, which signifies (1) _rediit_, (2) _occidit_ sol, (3) _noctu +venit_ or _noctu aliquid fecit_. The first and third of these meanings +will make it applicable to the [Greek: nekromanteia] (of which the witch +of Endor was a practitioner), which was carried on at night. See Hor. +_Sat._ I. ix. + +I do not think that the damsel mentioned Acts, xvi. 16. was a +ventriloquist. The use of the word [Greek: ekraze] in the next verse, +would lead us to infer that she spoke in a loud voice _with her mouth +open_; whereas the [Greek: eggastrimuthoi] are defined by Galen +(_Glossar. Hippocr._) as [Greek: oi kekleismenou tou stomatos +phthengomenoi]. + +Consult Vitringa and Rosenmüller on Isa. viii. 19., Wolf and Kuinoel on +Acts, xvi. 16., Biscoe on the Acts, ch. viii. §2; where references will +be found to many works which will satisfy Mr. SANSOM better than this +meagre note. + +[Hebrew: B] + +_Ventriloquism_ (Vol. ii., p. 88.).--In reply to Query 1, I wish to call +Mr. SANSOM'S attention to _Plutarch de Oraculorum defectu_ (Lipsiæ, +1777, vol. vii. p. 632.), and to Webster's _Displaying of supposed +Witchcraft_ (chaps. vi. and viii.). Queries 2 and 3. Besides the +extraordinary work of Webster, he may consult the elaborate +dissertations of Allatius on these subjects, in the eighth volume of +_Critici Sacri_. Query 4. On the use of the term [Greek: eggastrimuthos] +by the sacred writers, _Ravanelli Biblioth. S._, and by classical +authors, _Foesii Oeconomia Hippocratis_; and for synonymous "divinorum +ministrorum nomina," _Pollucis Onomasticon_. + +T.J. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_Earl of Oxford's Patent_ (Vol. ii., p. 194.).--M.'s quotation from the +_Weekly Oracle_ relates to Harley's having been stabbed at the +council-table by the Sieur de Guiscard, a French Papist, brought up for +examination 8th March, 1711. The escape of the Chancellor of the +Exchequer was the subject of an address from both Houses to the Queen; +and upon his being sufficiently recovered to resume his seat, the +Speaker delivered to him the unanimous congratulations of the House of +Commons. Harley was shortly after created Earl of Oxford, by patent +bearing date 24th May, 1711, which recites, _inter alia_,-- + + "Since, therefore, the two Houses of Parliament have declared + that the fidelity and affection he has expressed in our service + have exposed him to the hatred of wicked men, _and the desperate + rage of a villanous parricide_, since they have congratulated + his escape from such imminent dangers, and put us in mind that + he might not be preserved in vain, we willingly comply with + their desires, and grant him who comes so honourably recommended + by the votes of our Parliament, a place among our peer," &c. + &c.--Collin's _Peerage_, vol. iv. p. 260. edit. 1789. + +Guiscard died in Newgate of the wounds which he received in the scuffle +when he was secured. + +BRAYBROOKE. + + [O.P.Q., who has kindly replied to M.'s inquiry, has appended to + his answer the following Query:--"Is Smollett justified in using + the words _assassin_ and _assassinate_, as applied to cases of + intended homicide, when death did not ensue?"] + + +_The Darby Ram_ (Vol. ii., p. 71.).--There is a whimsical little volume, +which, as it relates mainly to local matters, may not have come under +the notice of many of your readers, to which I would refer your querist +H.W. + +It is entitled,-- + + "Gimcrackiana, or Fugitive Pieces on Manchester Men and Manners + ten years ago. Manchester, 1833." cr. 8vo. + +It is anonymous, but I believe truly ascribed to a clever young +bookseller of the name of J.S. Gregson, since dead. + +At page 185. he gives twelve stanzas of this ballad, as the most perfect +copy from the oral chronicle of his greatgrandmother. + +In _The Ballad Book_ (Edinb. 1827, 12mo.), there is another entitled +"The Ram of Diram," of a similar kind, but consisting of only six verses +and chorus. And the _Dublin Penny Journal_, vol. i., p. 283., contains a +prose story, entitled "Darby and the Ram," of the same veracious nature. + +F.R.A. + + +_Rotten Row and Stockwell Street._--R.R., of Glasgow, inquires the +etymology of these names (Vol. i., p. 441.). The etymology of the first +word possesses some interest, perhaps, at the present time, owing to the +name of the site of the intended Exhibition from all Nations in Hyde +Park. I sent to the publishers of _Glasgow Delineated_, {236} which was +printed at the University press in 1826, a contradiction of the usual +origin of the name adopted in that city, showing the impossibility of +the expression bearing any reference to the dissoluteness or immorality +of the former residents, and also contradicting its having any thing to +do with "rats," or "rattons," _Scotticè_; although, in 1458, the "Vicus +Rattonum" is the term actually used in the Archbishop of Glasgow's +chartulary. My observations, which were published in a note, concluded +as follows: + + "The name, however, may be also traced to a very remote and + classic origin, although we are not aware that it has hitherto + been condescended on. In ancient Rome was what was called the + Ratumena Porta, 'a nomine ejus appellata (says Gessner in his + Latin _Thesaurus_) qui ludiero certamine quadrigis victor + juvenis Veiis consternatis equis excussus Romæ periit, qui equi + feruntur non ante constitisse quam pervenirent in Capitolium.' + The same story is related by Pliny, from whom and other authors, + it appears that the word Ratumena was then as proverbially + applied to jockies as Jehu in our own days. From the + circumstance of the Rotten Row Port (of Glasgow) having stood at + the west end of this street, and the Stable Green Port near the + east end, which also led to the Archbishop's castle, it is + probably not only that it was the street through which + processions would generally proceed, but that the port alluded + to, and after it the street in question, were dignified by the + more learned of our ancestors with the Roman name of which, or + of the Latin Rota, the present appears a very natural + corruption." + +I may here refer to Facciolati's _Dictionary, voce_ "Ratumena Porta," as +well as Gessner's. + +As to _Stockwell_, also a common name, it is obviously indicative of the +particular kind of well at the street, by which the water was lifted not +by a wheel, nor by a pump, nor a pulley, but by a beam poised on or +formed by a large _stock_, or _block of wood_. + +Lambda. + + +_Hornbooks_ (Vol. ii., p. 167.).--Mr. Timbs will find an account of +hornbooks, with a woodcut of one of the time of Queen Elizabeth, in Mr. +Halliwell's _Notices of Fugitive Tracts_, printed by the Percy Society, +1849. Your readers would confer a favour on Mr. Timbs and myself by the +communication of any additional information. + +R. + + +_Passages from Shakspeare_ (Vol. ii., p. 135.).-- + + _Ang._ We are all frail. + + _Isab._ Else let my brother die, + If not a feodary, but only he + Owe, and succeed thy weakness. + + _Ang._ Nay, women are frail too. + + _Measure for Measure_, Act. ii. Sc. 4. + +I should paraphrase Isabella's remarks thus:-- + + "If it be otherwise, if we are not all frail as thou sayest, + then let my brother die, unless he be but in the same case as + others; if he alone possess and follow thee in that particular + frailty to which thou has half confessed." + +A feodary, I should observe, was an officer of the Court of Wards, who +was joined with the escheator and did not act singly; I conceive +therefore that Shakspeare by this expression indicates an associate; one +in the same plight as others; negatively, one who does not stand alone. +In _Cymbeline_, Act iii. Sc. 2., we read: + + "Senseless bauble, + Art thou a _feodary_ for this act, and lookst + So virgin-like without?" + +where feodary clearly means confederate, associate. According to some, +the word signifies one who holds land by the same tenure as the rest of +mankind; whilst Mr. Knight, in a note on _Henry IV_. Part i. Act i. +endeavors to show that it includes both the companion and the feudal +vassal. + +"To owe" is frequently used by Shakspeare in the sense of to possess, to +own, as in Act i. Sc. 5. where Lucio says: + + "But when they weep and kneel, + All their petitions are as freely theirs + As they themselves would _owe_ them." + +So also in the following instances:-- + + "The slaughter of the prince that _ow'd_ that crown." + + _Richard III._, Act. iv. Sc. 4. + + "What art thou, that keepst me out from the house I + _owe_?" + + _Comedy of Errors_, Act iii. Sc. 1. + + "Then thou alone kingdoms of hearts shouldst _owe_." + + _Sonnet_ lxx. + +Further examples will be found in _A Lover's Complaint_, the last line +but two; _Pericles_, Act v. Sc. 1.; _Twelfth Night_, Act. i Sc. 5., +_Love's Labour's Lost_, Act i. Sc. 2.; _King John_, Act ii. Sc. 1.; +_King Lear_, Act i. Sc. 4. + +As the passage is allowed to be obscure, this attempt to explain its +meaning is submitted with great deference to the opinions of your +readers. + +Arun. + + +_Mildew in Books_ (Vol. ii., p. 103.).--In answer to B. I mention that +the following facts connected with mildew in books have been elicited. + +The mildew referred to is that which shows itself in the form of +roundish or irregular brown spots. + +It is usually most abundant in those parts which are most exposed to the +air. + +In making a microscopic examination of the spots, I ascertained that +there was no new structure present; but in manipulating I found that +these spots absorbed water more rapidly than the rest of the paper. + +On applying litmus, these spots were found to have a powerful acid +reaction. + +On submitting the matter to a chemical friend, he ascertained that the +acid in question was the sulphuric, or oil of vitriol. Experiments were +then made with a dilute solution of this acid on {237} clean paper, and +spots were produced similar to those of mildew. + +The acid does not naturally exist in paper, and its presence can only be +accounted for by supposing that the paper has been bleached by the fumes +of sulphur. This produces sulphurous acid, which, by the influence of +atmospheric air and moisture, is slowly converted into sulphuric, and +then produces the mildew. As this may be shown to be an absolute +_charring_ of the fibres of which the paper is composed, it is to be +feared that it cannot be cured. After the process has once commenced, it +can only be checked by the utmost attention to dryness, moisture being +indispensable to its extension, and vice versâ. + +I do not know whether these facts are generally known, but they would +seem to be very important to paper-makers. + +T.I. + + +_Pilgrims' Road to Canterbury_ (Vol. ii., p. 199.).--Your correspondent +PHILO-CHAUCER, I presume, desires to know the old route to Canterbury. I +should imagine that at the time of Chaucer a great part of the country +was uncultivated and uninclosed, and a horse-track in parts of the route +was probably the nearest approximation to a road. At the present day, +crossing the London road at Wrotham, and skirting the base of the chalk +hills, there is a narrow lane which I have heard _called_ "the Pilgrims' +road," and this, I suppose, is in fact the old Canterbury road; though +how near to London or Canterbury it has a distinct existence, and to +what extent it may have been absorbed in other roads, I am not able to +say. The title of "Pilgrims' road" I take to be a piece of modern +antiquarianism. In the immediate vicinity of this portion there are some +druidical remains: some at Addington, and a portion of a small circle +tolerably distinct in a field and lane between, I think, Trottescliffe +and Ryarsh. In the absence of better information, you may perhaps make +use of this. + +S.H. + + +_Abbé Strickland_ (Vol. ii, p. 198.), of whom I.W.H. asks for +information, is mentioned by _Cox_, in his _Memoirs of Sir Robert +Walpole_, t. i. p. 442., and t. iii. p. 174. + +D. ROCK. + + +_Etymology of Totnes._--The Query of J.M.B. (Vol. i., p 470.) not having +been as yet answered, I venture to offer a few notes on the subject; +and, mindful of your exhortation to brevity, compress my remarks into +the smallest possible compass, though the details of research which +might be indulged in, would call for a dissertation rather them a Note. + +That Totnes is a place of extreme antiquity as a British town cannot be +doubted; first, from the site and character of its venerable hill +fortress; secondly, from the fact that the chief of the four great +British and Roman roads, the Fosse-way, commenced there--"The ferthe of +thisse is most of alle that tilleth from Toteneis ... From the +south-west to north-east into Englonde's end;" and, thirdly, from the +mention of it, and the antiquity assigned to it by our earliest annals +and chronicles. Without entering into the question of the full +authenticity of Brute and the _Saxon Chronicle_, or the implicit +adoption of the legendry tales of Havillan and Geoffry of Monmouth, the +concurring testimony of those records, with the voice of tradition, the +stone of the landing, and the fact that the town is seated at the head +of an estuary the most accessible, the most sheltered, and the best +suited of any on the south-western coast for the invasion of such a +class of vessels as were those of the early navigators, abundantly +warrant the admission that it was the landing-place of some mighty +leader at a very early period of our history. + +And now to the point of the etymology of _Totenais_, as it stands in +Domesday Book. We may, I think, safely dismiss the derivation suggested +by Westcote, on the authority of Leland, and every thing like it derived +from the French, as well as the unknown tongue which he adopts in +"Dodonesse." That we are warranted in seeking to the Anglo-Saxon for +etymology in this instance is shown by the fact, that the names of +places in Devon are very generally derived from that language; e.g. +taking a few only in the neighbourhood of Totnes--Berry, Buckyatt, +Dartington, Halwell, Harberton, Hamstead, Hempstin, Stancombe. + +First, of the termination _ais_ or _eis_. The names of many places of +inferior consequence in Devon end in _hays_, from the Ang.-Saxon _heag_, +a hedge or inclosure; but this rarely, if ever, designates a town or a +place beyond a farmstead, and seems to have been of later application as +to a new location or subinfeudation; for it is never found in Domesday +Book. In that ancient record the word _aisse_ is often found alone, and +often as a prefix and as a terminal; e.g., Aisbertone, Niresse, +Aisseford, Aisselie, &c. This is the Ang.-Saxon _Aesc_, an ash; and it +is uniformly so rendered in English: but it also means a ship or boat, +as built of ash. _Toten_, the major of the name, is, I have no doubt, +the genitive of _Tohta_, "dux, herzog," a leader or commander. Thus we +have _Tohtanoesc_, the vessel of the leader, or the commander's +ship,--commemorating the fact that the boat of some great invader was +brought to land at this place. + +S.S.S + + +_Ædricus qui Signa fundebat_ (Vol. ii., p. 199), must surely have been a +bell-founder: signum is a very common word, in mediæval writings, for a +"bell." + +D. ROCK + + +_Fiz-gig_ (Vol. ii, p. 120).--I had expected that your Querist C.B. +would have received an {238} immediate reply to his Query as to the +meaning of _fiz-gig_, because the word is in Johnson's _Dictionary_, +where he may also see the line from Sandys' _Job_, in which it caught +his attention. + +You may as well, therefore, tell him two things,--that _fiz-gig_ means a +fish-cart and that Querists should abstain from soliciting your aid in +all cases where a common dictionary would give them the information they +want. + +H.W. + + +_Guineas_ (Vol. ii., p. 10.).--The coin named in the document quoted by +A.J.H. is the _Guiennois_ a gold piece struck at Guienne by Edward III., +and also by his son the Black Prince. It is not likely that the +Guiennois was the original of the name given to the new gold coin of +Charles II., because it could have had no claim to preference beyond the +_Mouton_, the _Chaise_, the _Pavillon_, or any other old Anglo-Gallic +coin. I think we may rest contented with the statement of Leake (who +wrote not much more than half a century after the event), and who says +that the _Guinea_ was so called from the gold of which it was made +having been brought from Guinea by the African Company, whose stamp of +an elephant was ordered to be impressed upon it. + +J.C. Witton. + + +_Numismatics._--My thanks are due to Mr. J.C. Witton (Vol. ii., p. 42.) +for his replies to my Numismatic Queries, though I cannot coincide with +his opinion on Nos. 1. and 3. + +No ancient forger would have taken the pains to cut a die to strike lead +from; and my specimen, from its sharpness, has clearly never been in +circulation: why may it not have been a proof from the original die? + +Of No. 2. I have since been shown several specimens, which had before, I +suppose, escaped my notice. + +On the coin of Macrinus, the letter below the S.C. now clearly appears +to be an [Greek: eta], but the one above is not a [Greek: Delta], but +rather an L or inverted T. It cannot stand for [Greek: Lykabas], as on +the Egyptian coinage, as Macrinus was slain by his soldiers the year +after his accession. + +The Etruscilla, even under a powerful magnifier, betrays no trace of +ever having been plated and has all the marks by which numismatists +determine the genuineness of a coin. The absence of S.C., I must remind +Mr. W., is not uncommon on _third_ brass, though of course it always +appears on the first and second. + +I need go no farther than the one just mentioned of Tiberius, which has +no S.C., and I possess several others which are deficient in this +particular, a Severus Alexander, Elagabalus, &c. After Gallienus it +never appears. + +E.S.T. + + +_Querela Cantabrigiensis_ (Vol. ii, p. 168.).--Dr. Peter Barwick, in the +life of his brother, Dr. Jno. Barwick (Eng. Edit. Lond. 1724, 8vo.), +after describing the treatment of the University by Cromwell, adds (p. +32.) "But Mr. Barwick, no inconsiderable part of this tragedy, together +with others of the University, groaning under the same yoke of tyranny, +and each taking a particular account of the sufferings of his own +college, gave a distinct narrative of all these barbarities, and under +the title of _Querela Cantabrigiensis_, or the _University of +Cambridge's Complaint_, got it printed by the care of Mr. R---- B----, +bookseller of _London_ who did great service to his King and country, by +printing, and dispersing in the most difficult times, books written in +defence of the royal cause." See also _Biog. Brit._, article "Barwick". + +John I. Dredge. + + +_Ben Johnson_ (Vol. ii., p. 167.)--So the name was spelt by most of his +contemporaries. The poem mentioned by N.A.B. is printed in the +_Underwoods_, Gifford's edition, ix., 68; but the MS. may contain +variations worthy of notice. I should doubt its being autograph, not +merely because the poet spelt his name without the _h_, but because the +verses in question are only part of his _Eupheme_. + +J.O. Halliwell. + + +_Barclay's "Argenis"._--Since I sent you a Query on this subject, I have +heard of _one_ translation, by Miss Clara Reeve, the authoress of _The +Old English Baron_ and other works. She commenced her literary career, I +believe, by a translation of this work, which she published in 1772, +under the title of _The Phoenix_. + +Jarltzberg. + + +_Hockey_ (Vol. i., p. 457.).--I have not observed that this has been yet +noticed: if such be the case, permit me to refer to a letter of the poet +Cowper, dated 5th Nov., 1785 (5th vol. _Works_, edit. by Southey, p. +174.) in which, alluding to that day, he says, + + "The boys at Olney have likewise a very entertaining sport which + commences annually upon this day; they call it _hockey_, and it + consists in dashing each other with mud, and the windows also, + so that I am forced to rise now and then and to threaten them + with a horsewhip, to preserve our own." + +F.R.A. + + +_Praed's Poetical Works_ (Vol. ii., p. 190.).--Your Cambridge +correspondent, Mr. Cooper, will be glad to know that Praed's _poems_ are +published in a collected form; _Poetical Works of Winthrop Mackworth +Praed, now first collected by Rufus W. Griswold; New York_, 1844. This +collection contains some thirty-six pieces. The longest poems, "Lillian" +and "The Troubadour," each in two cantos, display passages of great +beauty and exquisite musical flow. Among the charades, five in number, +"Sir Harry, he charged at Agincourt", is not to be found. + +W.M. Kingsmill. + + * * * * * {239} + + +MISCELLANEOUS + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +We announced, after the last Annual Meetings of the Shakspeare Society, +that it had been determined to publish a complete set of the Plays of +one of Shakspeare's most prolific and interesting contemporaries, Thomas +Heywood; and that the first volume of such collection, containing Six +Plays, was then ready. A further contribution towards this collection, +containing _The Royal King and Loyal Subject_, which has not been +reprinted since the old edition of 1637, and his very popular drama, _A +Woman killed with Kindness_, has just been issued, with an Introduction +and Notes by J. Payne Collier, Esq., the zealous and indefatigable +Director of the Society, and will, we are sure, be welcomed by every +lover of our early drama. The Shakspeare Society will, indeed, do good +service to the cause of our early literature if it prove the means of +securing us, a uniform series of the works of such of our Elizabethan +dramatists as do not stand sufficiently high in the opinion of the +uninitiated, to tempt the publishing world to put forth their +productions in a collected form. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--John Petheram's (94. High +Holborn) Catalogue, Part CXV. (No. 9. for 1850), of Old and New Books; +Cole's (15. Great Turnstile) List, No. XXVIII., of Useful Second-hand +Books. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +Diurnal Readings, 1 vol. 8vo. + +Scottish Poems collected by Pinkerton, 2 vols. sm. 8vo., 1792. + +ODD VOLUMES + +Bell's Shakspeare's Plays and Poems. Vol. I. + +Ivimey's History of the Baptists. Vol. II. + +Edwards' Gangræna. Parts II. and III. + +Asiatic Annual Register. Vol. VII. for 1805. + +Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES", 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Notices to Correspondents. + +Nocab _is informed that the Prelate to whom he refers was created a D.D. +by the late Archbishop of Canterbury. It certainly is not necessary that +the recipient of such a degree should have previously taken that of M.A. +or B.A._ + +H.I.G., _Northampton. The Editor would be happy to insert the Question +of this Correspondent, relating to the Epistles of St. Paul, but he +apprehends that the discussion to which it would give rise would, in +order to its being of any use, require more space than could be +afforded, and involve a good deal of criticism and argument not suited +to these columns._ + +A.B. _(Bradpole) will find a notice of the line "Incidis in Scyllam", +&c., which is taken from Gualter de Lisle's Alexandriad, in Notes and +Queries, Vol. ii., p. 86._ + +_The loan of a copy of the Teseide is freely offered to our Brighton +correspondent_. + +To be Published by Subscription, in 3 vols. fcp. 8vo. + +I. NORTHERN MYTHOLOGY, comprising the Principal Later Superstitions of +Scandinavia. + +II. POPULAR TRADITIONS of Scandinavia and the Netherlands. By B. Thorpe. + +The work will be sent to press as soon as the number subscribed for +shall be adequate to cover the cost of printing. + +Names received by Messrs. R. and J.E. Taylor, Red Lion Court, +Fleet-street. + + * * * * * + +THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE and +HISTORICAL REVIEW for AUGUST contains, +among other articles, + +Unpublished Anecdotes of Sir Thomas Wyatt. + +Roman Art at Cirencester (with Engravings). + +The Congress of Vienna and Prince de Ligne. + +Letter of H.R.H. the Duke of York in 1787. + +Monuments in Oxford Cathedral (with two Plates). + +Michael Drayton and his "Idea's Mirrour." + +Date of the erection of Chaucer's Tomb. + +Letters of Dr. Maitland and Mr. Stephens on The Ecclesiastical History +Society: with Remarks. + +The British Museum Catalogue and Mr. Panizzi. + +Reviews of Correspondence of Charles V., the Life of Southey, &c., &c., +Notes of the Month, Literary and Antiquarian Intelligence, Historical +Chronicle, and Obituary. Price 2s.6d. + +"The Gentleman's Magazine has been revived with a degree of spirit and +talent which promises the best assurance of its former +popularity."--_Taunton Courier._ + +"A better or more valuable work for country book societies, lending +libraries, and reading rooms, it is impossible to find within the whole +compass of English literature. Its literary articles are peculiarly +sound in principle, and its criticisms liberal but just; whilst its +Obituary confers upon it a national importance. We are sure then we +cannot do a better service to our friends, and more especially to those +connected with institutions like those we have adverted to, than in +recommending this work to their support."--_Nottingham Review_. + +Nichols and Son, 25. 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THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary of the +Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays and Legends of +all Nations," &c. One objec. of the present work is to furnish new +contributions to the History of our National Folk-Lore; and especially +some of the more striking Illustrations of the subject to be found in +the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental Antiquaries. + +Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable Customs and +Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are earnestly solicited, and +will be thankfully acknowledged by the Editor. They may be addressed to +the care of Mr. BELL, Office of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +TESTIMONIAL TO DR. CONOLLY.--At a meeting held at 12. Old Burlington +Street, Saturday, August 3d. 1850, the Right Hon. Lord Ashley in the +chair; the following resolutions among others were unanimously agreed +to: + +That Dr. JOHN CONOLLY, of Hanwell, is, in the opinion of this meeting, +eminently entitled to some public mark of esteem and gratitude, for his +long, zealous, disinterested, and most successful labours in +ameliorating the treatment of the insane. + +That a committee be now formed, for the purpose of carrying into effect +the foregoing Resolution, by making the requisite arrangements for the +presentation to Dr. Conolly of _A Public Testimonial_, commemorative of +his invaluable services in the cause of humanity, and expressive of the +just appreciation of those services by his numerous friends and +admirers, and by the public generally. + +THE COMMITTEE subsequently resolved: + +That in the opinion of the committee, the most appropriate Testimonial +will be a PORTRAIT of Dr. CONOLLY (for which he is requested to sit), to +be presented to his family, and an ENGRAVING of the same, to be +presented to the subscribers; and that the ultimate arrangement of this +latter point be made at a future meeting of the committee. + +It has been determined that the individual subscriptions shall be +limited to Five Guineas; that subscribers of Two Guineas and upwards +shall receive a proof impression of the Engraving; and subscribers of +One Guinea, a print. + +It is also proposed to present Dr. CONOLLY with a piece of plate, should +the funds permit after defraying the expenses of the painting and +engraving. + +Subscribers' names and subscriptions will be received by the +secretaries, at 12. Old Burlington Street, and 4. Burlington Gardens, +and by the Treasurers, at the Union Bank, Regent Street Branch, Argyll +Place, London. Post-office Orders should be made payable at the +Post-office _Piccadilly_, to one of the Secretaries. + +JOHN FORBES, +RICHARD FRANKUM, +_Secretaries_. + +_London, August 3d, 1850_. + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, September 7. 1850. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 45, Saturday, +September 7, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13427 *** diff --git a/13427-h/13427-h.htm b/13427-h/13427-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1818796 --- /dev/null +++ b/13427-h/13427-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1923 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta name="generator" content= +"HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st March 2004), see www.w3.org" /> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content= +"text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> +<title>Notes And Queries, Issue 45.</title> + +<style type="text/css"> + + /*<![CDATA[*/ + <!-- + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + pre {font-size: 0.7em;} + + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.adverts {width: 100%; height: 5px; color: black;} + html>body hr.adverts {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.short {text-align: center; width: 20%;} + html>body hr.short {margin-right: 40%; margin-left: 40%; width: 20%;} + + + .note, .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; + font-size: 0.9em;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; + text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem p {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem p.i2 {margin-left: 2em;} + .poem p.i4 {margin-left: 4em;} + .poem p.i6 {margin-left: 6em;} + .poem p.i8 {margin-left: 8em;} + .poem p.i10 {margin-left: 10em;} + .poem .caesura {vertical-align: -200%;} + + span.pagenum {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; + font-size: 8pt;} + + p.author {text-align: right;} + --> + /*]]>*/ +</style> +</head> +<body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13427 ***</div> + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page225" name= +"page225"></a>{225}</span> +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> +<hr class="full" /> +<table summary="masthead" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td align="left" width="25%"><b>No. 45.</b></td> +<td align="center" width="50%"><b>SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, +1850</b></td> +<td align="right" width="25%"><b>Price Threepence.<br /> +Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> +<table summary="Contents" align="center"> +<tr> +<td>NOTES:</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Folk Lore:—The first Mole in +Cornwall—"A whistling Wife," &c.—A Charm for +Warts—Hanging out the broom</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page225">225</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Lord Plunket and St. Agobard</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page226">226</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes on Cunningham's Handbook of London, By E.F. +Rimbault</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page227">227</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes on Coleridge's Aids to Reflection, by J.E.B. +Mayor</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page228">228</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Notes:—Capture of Henry +VI.—Notes from Mentmore Register</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page228">228</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">QUERIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Joachim, the French Ambassador</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page229">229</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Roman Catholic Translations of the Scriptures, +&c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page229">229</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Queries:—The Lost +Tribes—Partrige Family—Commoner marrying a +Peeress—The Character "&"—Combs buried with the +Dead—Cave's Historia Literaria—Julin—Richardson +Family—Arabic Name of Tobacco—Pole Money—Welsh +Money—A Skeleton in every House—Whetstone of +Reproof—Morganatic Marriages—Gospel of Distaffs</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page230">230</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">REPLIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Poeta Anglicus</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page232">232</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Caxton's Printing-office, by J.G. Nichols</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page233">233</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">The Use of Coffins, by Rev. A. Gatty</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page234">234</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Shakspeare's Use of the Word "Delighted"</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page234">234</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Ventriloquism</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page234">234</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Replies to Minor Queries:—Earl of Oxford's +Patent—The Darby Ram—Rotten Row and Stockwell +Street—Hornbooks—Passages from Shakspeare—Mildew +in Books—Pilgrims' Road to Canterbury—Abbé +Strickland—Etymology of Totnes—Ædricus qui Signa +fundebat—Fiz-gig—Guineas— +Numismatics—Querela Cantabrigiensis—Ben +Johnson—Barclay's "Argenis"—Hockey—Praed's +Poetical Works</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page235">235</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MISCELLANEOUS:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page239">239</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Books and Odd Volumes Wanted</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page239">239</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notices to Correspondents</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page239">239</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Advertisements</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page240">240</a></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>NOTES.</h2> +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> +<p><i>The First Mole in Cornwall; a Morality from the Stowe of +Morwenna, in the Rocky Land.</i>—A lonely life for the dark +and silent mole! She glides along her narrow vaults, unconscious of +the glad and glorious scenes of earth, and air, and sea! She was +born, as it were, in a grave, and in one long living sepulchre she +dwells and dies! Is not existence to her a kind of doom? Wherefore +is she thus a dark, sad exile from the blessed light of day? +Hearken! Here, in our own dear Cornwall, the first mole was a lady +of the land! Her abode was in the far west, among the hills of +Morwenna, beside the Severn sea. She was the daughter of a lordly +race, the only child of her mother, and the father of the house was +dead. Her name was Alice of the Lea. Fair was she and comely, +tender and tall; and she stood upon the threshold of her youth. But +most of all did men wonder at the glory of her large blue eyes. +They were, to look upon, like the summer waters, when the sea is +soft with light! They were to her mother a joy, and to the maiden +herself—ah! benedicite—a pride. She trusted in the +loveliness of those eyes, and in her face, and features, and form: +and so it was that the damsel was wont to pass the summer's day, in +the choice of rich apparel, and precious stones, and gold. Howbeit +this was one of the ancient and common customs of those old +departed days. Now, in the fashion of her stateliness, and in the +hue and texture of her garments, there was none among the maidens +of old Cornwall like Alice of the Lea. Men sought her far and nigh, +but she was to them all, like a form of graven stone, careless and +cold. Her soul was set upon a Granville's love, fair Sir Bevil of +Stowe, the flower of the Cornish chivalry—that noble +gentleman! that valorous knight! He was her star. And well might +she wait upon his eyes; for he was the garland of the +west—the loyal soldier of a sainted king. He was that stately +Granville who lived a hero-life, and died a warrior's death!</p> +<p>Now there was signal made of banquet in the halls of Stowe, of +wassail, and the dance. The messengers had sped, and Alice of the +Lea would be there. Robes, precious and many, were unfolded from +their rest, and the casket poured forth jewel and gem, that the +maiden might stand before the knight victorious! It was the +day—the hour—the time. Her mother sate by her wheel at +the hearth. The page waited in the hall. She came down in her +loveliness into the old oak room, and stood before the mirrored +glass. Her robe was of woven velvet, rich, and glossy, and soft; +jewels shone like stars in the midnight of her raven hair, and on +her hand there gleamed, afar off, a bright and glorious ring! She +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page226" id= +"page226"></a>{226}</span> stood—she gazed upon her own +countenance and form, and worshipped! "Now all good angels succour +thee, dear Alice, and bend Sir Bevil's soul! Fain am I to see thee +a wedded wife, before I die! I yearn to hold thy children on my +knee! Often shall I pray to-night that the Granville heart may +yield! Thy victory shall be my prayer!"</p> +<p>"Prayer!" was the haughty answer; "with the eyes that I see in +that glass, and this vesture meet for a queen, I lack no doubting +prayer!"</p> +<p>Saint Mary shield us! Ah words of evil soul! There was a +shriek—a sob—a cry: and where was Alice of the Lea? +Vanished—gone. They had heard wild tones of sudden music in +the air. There was a rush—a beam of light—and she was +gone, and that for ever! East sought they her, and west, in +northern paths and south; but she was never more seen in the lands. +Her mother wept till she had not a tear left; none sought to +comfort her, for it was vain. Moons waxed and waned, and the crones +by the cottage-hearth had whiled away many a shadowy night with +tales of Alice of the Lea.</p> +<p>But, at the last, as the gardener in the Pleasance leaned one +day on his spade, he saw among the roses a small round hillock of +earth, such as he had never seen before, and upon it something +which shone. It was her ring! It was the very jewel she had worn +the day she vanished out of sight! They looked earnestly upon it, +and they saw within the border (for it was wide) the tracery of +certain small fine letters in the ancient Cornish tongue, which +said,—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Beryan Erde,</p> +<p>Oyn und Perde!"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Then came the priest of the Place of Morwenna, a gray and silent +man! He had served long years at a lonely altar, a bent and +solitary form. But he had been wise in the language of his youth, +and he read the legend thus—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"The earth must hide</p> +<p>Both eyes and pride!"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Now, as he uttered these words, they stood in the Pleasance by +the mound; and on a sudden there was a low faint cry! They beheld, +and O wondrous and strange! there was a small dark creature, +clothed in a soft velvet skin, in texture and in hue like the Lady +Alice her robe; and they saw, as it went into the earth, that it +moved along without eyes, in everlasting night. Then the ancient +priest wept, for he called to mind all these things, and saw what +they meant; and he showed them how this was the maiden, who had +been visited with doom for her pride. Therefore her rich array had +been changed into the skin of a creeping thing and her large proud +eyes were sealed up; and she herself had become</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>The first mole!</p> +<p>Of the hillocks of Cornwall!</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Ah! woe is me! and well-a-day! that damsel so stately and fair, +sweet Lady Alice of the Lea, should be made for a +judgement—the dark mother of the moles!</p> +<p>Now take ye good heed, Cornish maidens, how ye put on vain +apparel, to win love. And cast down your eyes, all ye damsels of +the west, and look ye meekly on the ground! Be ye good and gentle, +tender and true; and when ye see your image in the glass, and begin +to be lifted up with the beauty of that shadowy thing, call to mind +the maiden of Morwenna, her noble eyes and comely countenance, the +vesture of price and the glittering ring. Sit ye by the wheel, as +of old they sate and as ye draw the lengthening wool, sing ye +ever-more and say,</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Beryan Erde,</p> +<p>Oyn and Perde!"</p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<p>"A whistling Wife" &c.—I can supply another version of +the couplet quoted in "Folk Lore" (Vol. ii., p. 164.), which has +the merit of being more rhymical and mysterious. In what district +it was current I know not.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"A whistling wife and a crowing hen</p> +<p>Will call the old gentleman out of his den."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">G.L.B.</p> +<p><i>A Charm for Warts.</i>—In some parts of Ireland, +especially towards the south, they place great faith in the +following charm:—When a funeral is passing by, they rub the +warts and say three times, "May these warts and this corpse pass +away and never more return;" sometimes adding, "in the name of the +Father, Son, and Holy Ghost."</p> +<p class="author">JARLTZBERG.</p> +<p><i>"Hanging out the Broom".</i>—Besides the instance given +by Mr. R.F. Johnson (Vol. i., p. 384.), perhaps some of your +readers can inform me of the origin of a somewhat similar custom, +applicable to all ships and vessels for sale or hire, by the broom +(all old one being generally used) being attached to the mast-head: +if of two masts, to the foretop-mast head.</p> +<p class="author">WP.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>LORD PLUNKET AND SAINT AGOBARD.</h3> +<p>Some of your readers may remember a speech in parliament by, as +I think, Lord Plunket, in which his lordship argued with great +eloquence in behalf of the Bill for the Emancipation of the Roman +Catholics. Among many passages therein of equal truth and +rhetorical power, there was one long afterwards much quoted, +paraphrased, and praised. It was that in which he reminded the +House, that those for whom he pleaded were fellow-subjects of the +same race, offspring of the same Creator, alike believers in the +One true God, the equal recipients of His mercies, appealing for +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page227" id= +"page227"></a>{227}</span> His blessings though the medium of the +same faith, and looking forward for salvation to the One +Intercessor, Mediator, and Sacrifice for all,—men, who, as +they did, addressed the Eternal in the form of that "Universal +prayer"—Our Father—the authority and the privilege of +one common parentage, offered by the all in the union of the same +spirit, in the conviction of the same wants, in the aspiration of +the same hope. I say, I think Lord Plunket so spoke, for I write +from memory dating from the period when George the Third was king. +Now be this so: according to the dogmas of some critics, Lord +Plunket may be convicted of an eloquent plagiary. Read the +following extract from a missive by S. Agobard, to be found in the +<i>Bibl. Vet. Patrum</i>, tome xiii, page 429., by Galland, +addressed "Ad præfatum Imperatorem, adversus legem Gundobadi +et impia certamina quæ per eam geruntur," and say whether, in +spite of the separation of centuries, there does not appear a +family likeness, though there were no family acquaintance between +them; Saint Agobard being Bishop of Lyons in the ninth century, and +Lord Plunket Attorney-General for Ireland in the nineteenth.</p> +<p>The Saint is pleading against the judical ordeal:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Illi autem profecti, prædicaverunt ubique Domino +cooperante; annuntiataque est ab eis omni creaturæ; id est, +cunetis nationibus mundi; una fides indita per Deum, una spes +diffusa per Spiritum Sanctum in cordibus credentium, una caritas +nata in omnibus, una voluntas, accensum unum desiderium, tradita +una oratio; ut omnes omnino ex diversis gentibus, diversis +conditionibus, diverso sexu, nobilitate, honestate, servitute +diversa, simul dicant uni Deo, et Patri omnium; Pater Noster qui +es, &c., sicut unum Patrem invocantes, ita unam santificationem +quærentes, unum regnum postulantes, unam adimpletionem +voluntatis ejus, sicut fit in coelo optantes; unum sibi panem +quotidianum dari precantes et omnibus dimitti debita."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>To which other passages might be added, as, in fact, S. Agobard +pursues the one idea until he hunts it down to the one effect of +sameness and common antithesis. Should we say Lord Plunket had read +these passages, and is thereby convicted of eloquent plagiary? I +say, No! Lauder then equally convicted Milton of trespassing on the +thoughts of others, by somewhat apposite quotations from the +classics. We are, in truth, too much inclined to this. The little, +who cannot raise themselves to the stature of the great, are apt to +strive after a socialist level, by reducing all to one same +standard—their own. Truth is common to all ages, and will +obtain utterance by the truthful and the eloquent throughout all +time.</p> +<p class="author">S.H.</p> +<p>Athenæum, August 12.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>NOTES ON THE SECOND EDITION OF MR. CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK OF +LONDON</h3> +<p>14. <i>Long Acre.</i> Mr. Cunningham, upon the authority of +Parton's <i>History of St. Giles's</i>, says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"First known as the Elms, then called Seven Acres, and since +1612, from the length of a certain slip of ground, then first used +as a public pathway, as Long Acre."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The latter part of this statement is incorrect. The Seven Acres +were known as <i>Long Acre</i> as early as 1552, when they were +granted to the Earl of Bedford. See <i>Strype</i>, B. vi. p. +88.</p> +<p>Machyn, in his <i>Diary</i>, printed by the Camden Society, p. +21., under the date A.D. 1556, has the following allusion to the +<i>Acre</i>:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The vj day of December the Abbot of Westminster went a +procession with his convent. Before him went all the Santuary men +with crosse keys upon their garments, and after went iij for +murder: on was the Lord Dacre's sone of the North, was wypyd with a +shett abowt him for kyllyng of on Master West, squyre, dwellyng +besyd ... and anodur theyff that dyd long to one of Master +Comtroller ... dyd kylle Recherd Eggylston the Comtroller's +tayller, and kylled him in the <i>Long Acurs</i>, the bak-syd +Charyng Crosse."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>15. <i>Norfolk House, St. James's Square.</i> The present +Norfolk House was built from a design by R. Brettingham, in 1742, +by Thomas Duke of Norfolk, and finished by his brother Edward in +1762. Mr. Cunningham speaks as if the old house, in which George +III. was born, was still standing.</p> +<p>16. <i>Soho Square.</i> Mr. Cunningham has not corrected his +mistake about Mrs. Cornelys's house in this square, (see "Notes and +Queries," vol. i., pp. 244, 450.). <i>D'Almaine's</i>, which Mr. +Cunningham confounds with Mrs. Cornelys's, was at a former period +tenanted by the Duke of Argyll; then by the Earl of Bradford; and, +at a later time, by the celebrated Onslow, who held his +parliamentary levees in the principal drawing-room. The ceilings of +the best rooms are adorned with paintings by Rebecca and Angelica +Kauffman.</p> +<p>Mr. Cunningham has taken some pains to destroy the +<i>Pennant</i> tradition concerning the name of this square, but he +has not given us one important piece of information, <i>i.e.</i> +that between the years 1674 and 1681, the ground was surveyed by +<i>Gregory King</i>, an eminent architect of those days, who +projected the square with the adjacent streets. Query, Did it not +take the name of <i>King's</i> Square from the architect? This +seems very probable; more especially as the statue of Charles I. +was not placed in the square until the beginning of the next +century. The centre space was originally occupied by a splendid +fountain, (the work of Colley Cibber's father), an estimate of the +"cost and charges" of which is now before me.</p> +<p>Among the eminent inhabitants of this square, not noticed by Mr. +Cunningham, were the following:—Lord <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page228" id="page228"></a>{228}</span> Berkely, +Lord Byron, Lord Grimstone, Lord Howard, Lord Leicester, Sir Thomas +Mansel, Lord Morpeth, Lord Nottingham, Lord Peterborough, Lord +Pierrepoint, Lord Pigot, Dudley North, the Earl of Dartmouth, the +Duchess of Cleveland, the Duchess of Wharton, &c. These names +appear in the books of the parish of St. Anne, between the years of +1708 and 1772.</p> +<p>17. <i>Surrey Institution.</i> At one period (about 1825), this +building was known as the <i>Blackfriars Rotundo</i>. Here that +execrable character, Robert Taylor, who styled himself "the Devil's +Chaplain," delivered his blasphemous discourses.</p> +<p>18. <i>Opera House.</i> Mr. Cunningham, speaking of the +translation of <i>Arsinoe</i>, the first Anglo-Italian opera +performed in this country, says: "The translation was made by +Thomas Clayton." This is an error, for Clayton himself says, in his +preface: "I was obliged to have an Italian opera translated." +Clayton was the composer of the music.</p> +<p>19. <i>James's (St.) Chapel, St. James's Palace.</i> Mr. +Cunningham says, "The service is chanted by the boys of the Chapel +Royal." This ought to read, "The service is chaunted by the boys +<i>and gentlemen</i> of the Chapel Royal" The musical service of +our cathedrals and collegiate establishments cannot be performed +without four kinds of voices, treble, alto, tenor, and bass.</p> +<p>20. <i>Bagnigge Wells.</i> Mr. Cunningham makes a strange +mistake concerning this once popular place of amusement when he +says, "first opened to the public in the year 1767." A stone, still +to be seen, let into the wall over what was formerly the garden +entrance, has the following inscription:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"S + T</p> +<p>This is Bagnigge</p> +<p>Hovse neare</p> +<p>The Pinder a</p> +<p>Wakefeilde</p> +<p>1680."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The gardens were first opened for the accommodation of persons +who partook of the mineral springs; subsequently, amusements were +added; and in Bickham's curious work, <i>The Musical +Entertainer</i> (circa 1738), is an engraving of Tom Hippersley +mounted in the "singing rostrum," regaling the company with a song. +About half a century after this date, a regular orchestra was +erected, and the entertainments resembled Marylebone Gardens and +Vauxhall. The old house and gardens were demolished in 1842, to +make room for several new streets.</p> +<p class="author">Edward F. Rimbault.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>NOTES ON COLERIDGE'S AIDS TO REFLECTION</h3> +<h4>(2nd Edition, 1831)</h4> +<p>Introductory Aphorisms, No. xii., p. 7.:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Tertullian had good reason for his assertation, that the +simplest Christian (if indeed a Christian) knows more than the most +accomplished irreligious philosopher."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The passage referred to is in the Apology, c. 46:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Deum quilibet opifex Christianus et invenit et ostendit et +exinde totum, quod in Deo quæritur, re quoque assignat; licet +Plato affirmet factitatorem universitatis neque inveniri facilem et +inventum enarrari in omnes difficilem."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Note to Aphorism xxxi., p. 30.:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"To which he [Plato] may possibly have referred in his phrase +[Greek: theoparadotos sophia]."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Possibly Coleridge may have borrowed this from Berkeley's +<i>Siris</i>, § 301., where [Greek: theoparadotos philosophia] +is cited from "a heathen writer." The word [Greek: theoparadotos] +occurs in Proclus and Marinus (see Valpy's <i>Stephani +Thesaurus</i>), but not in Plato.</p> +<p>The motto from Seneca, prefixed to the Aphorisms on Spiritual +Religion, is from the fourty-first Epistle of that writer.</p> +<p>The question from Tertullian in the Comment on the eight of +those Aphorisms,</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Certum est quia impossibile est."—p. 199.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>is from the <i>De Carne Christi</i>, cap. v.</p> +<p>Aphorism iv., p. 227.:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"In wonder all philosophy began."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>See Plato's <i>Theætetus</i> § 32., p. 155. Gataker +on Antonin, i. 15. Plutarch <i>de EI Delph</i>. cap. 2. p. 385 B. +Sympos, v. 7., p. 680 C. Aristot. <i>Metaph</i>. 1. 2. 9.</p> +<p>In the "Sequelæ" annexed to this Aphorism, it is said of +Simonides (p. 230.), that</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>In the fortieth day</i> of his mediation the sage and +philosophic poet abandoned the problem [of the nature of God] in +despair."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Cicero (<i>de nat. Deor.</i> i. 22. § 60.) and Minucius +Felix (<i>Octav.</i> 13.) do not specify the number of days during +which Simonides deferred his answer to Hiero.</p> +<p>Aphorism x. On Original Sin. (note, p. 252.) [Greek: sunetois +phonun], &c., from Pindar, <i>Olymp.</i> ii. 85. (152.)</p> +<p>Conclusion, p. 399.:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>Evidences</i> of Christianity! I am weary of this word," +&c.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>See the remarks on this passage in Archbishop Whately's +<i>Logic</i>, Appendix III., near the end.</p> +<p>The quotation from Apuleius, at the end of the book (p. 403.), +is from the <i>Metamorphos.</i>, i. 3.</p> +<p class="author">J.E.B. Mayor</p> +<p>Marlborough College.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MINOR NOTES.</h3> +<p><i>Capture of Henry VI.</i> (Vol. ii., p. 181.).—There are +several errors in this historical note. The name of the Dean of +Windsor was Manning, not <span class="pagenum"><a name="page229" +id="page229"></a>{229}</span> "Manting;" "Brungerly" should be +Bungerley. One of the Talbots, of Bashall Hall, could never be +"High Sheriff for the West Riding," as the Ridings of Yorkshire +never had distinct sheriffs; neither was he sheriff of the county. +The particulars of the king's capture are thus related in the +chronicle called Warksworth's <i>Chronicle</i>, which has been +printed by the Camden Society:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Also, the same yere, kynge Henry was takene byside a howse of +religione [i.e. Whalley] in Lancashyre, by the mene of a blacke +monke of Abyngtone [Abingdon] in a wode called Cletherwode [the +wood of Clitheroe], besyde Bungerly hyppyngstones, by Thomas +Talbott, sonne and heyre to sere Edmunde Talbot of Basshalle, and +Jhon Talbott, his cosyne, of Colebry [i.e. Salebury, in Blackburn], +withe other moo; which discryvide [him] beynge at his dynere at +Wadyngton halle: and [he was] carryed to London on horsebake, and +his leges bownde to the styropes."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I have substituted the word "discryvide" for "disseyvide," as it +is printed in the Camden Society's book, where the editor, Mr. +Halliwell, understood the passage as meaning that the king was +deceived or betrayed. I take the meaning to be that the black monk +of Abingdon had descried, or discovered, the king as he was eating +his dinner at Waddington Hall; whereupon the Talbots, and some +other parties in the neighbourhood, formed plans for his +apprehension, and arrested him on the first convenient opportunity, +as he was crossing the ford across the river Ribble, formed by the +hyppyngstones at Bungerley. Waddington belonged to Sir John +Tempest, of Bracewell, who was the father-in-law of Thomas Talbot. +Both Sir John Tempest and Sir James Harrington of Brierley, near +Barnsley, were concerned in the king's capture, and each received +one hundred marks reward; but the fact of Sir Thomas Talbot being +the chief actor, is shown by his having received the larger reward +of 100£. Further particulars respecting these and other +parties concerned, will be found in the notes to Warksworth's +<i>Chronicle</i>. The chief residence of the unhappy monarch during +his retreat was at Bolton Hall, where his boots, his gloves, and a +spoon, are still preserved, and are engraved in Whitaker's +<i>Craven</i>. An interior view of the ancient hall at Bolton, +which is still remaining, is engraved in the <i>Gentleman's +Magazine</i> for May, 1841. Sir Ralph Pudsay, of Bolton, had +married Margaret, daughter of Sir Thomas Tunstal, who attended the +king as esquire of the body.</p> +<p class="author">JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS.</p> +<p><i>Mentmore, Bucks, Notes from Register of.</i>—Having +recently had occasion to go through the entire registers of the +parish of Mentmore, Bucks, I send you three extracts, not noticed +by Lipscombe, the two first relating to an extinct branch of the +house of Hamilton, the third illustrating the "Manners and Customs +of the English" at the end of the seventeenth century.</p> +<p>"1732, William Hamilton, an infant son of Lord Viscount +Limerick, Feb. 28."</p> +<p>"1741. The Honourable Charles Hamilton, son of Lord Viscount +Limerick, Jan. 4."</p> +<p>"Memorand. A beggar woman of Slapton, whipt at Mentmoir, July +5th, 1698."</p> +<p class="author">Q.D.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>QUERIES</h2> +<h3>JOHN JOKYN, OR JOACHIM, THE FRENCH AMBASSADOR.</h3> +<p>I am very desirous to be informed in what <i>French</i> author I +can find any account of John Jokyn (Joachim?), who was ambassador +to England from France during the time of Cardinal Wolsey. I have +looked into the greater part of the French authors who have written +historically on the reign of François I. without having +found any mention of such personage—<i>L'Art de +vérifier les Dates</i>, &c., without success. He is +frequently spoken of by English writers, and particularly in the +<i>Union of the Famelies of Lancastre and Yorke</i>, by Edward +Halle, 1548, folios 135, 136, 139, 144, and 149.; at folio 144., +17th year of Hen. VIII., it is stated:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"There came over as ambassador from France, Jhon Jokyn, now +called M. de Vaux, which, as you have heard in the last year, was +kept secret in Master Lark's house; and when he came into England +he was welcomed of the Cardinal (Wolsey), and there between them +were such communications at the suit of the said Jhon, that a truce +was concluded from the 13th of July for forty days between England +and France, both on the sea, and beyond the sea," &c. +&c.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This M. Jokyn, or Joachim, appears to have been a person of +considerable influence, and it appears his purpose on this mission +was to bribe Wolsey; and it seems that the Chancellor Duprat was +aware of this, and was much displeased on the occasion.</p> +<p class="author">AMICUS. Aug 3, 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>SCRIPTURES, ROMAN CATHOLIC TRANSLATIONS OF, LUTHER'S +FAMILIARITY WITH.</h3> +<p>The replies I have gained to previous Queries encourage me to +trouble you with the following:—</p> +<p>1. Has the Roman Catholic Church ever published a translation of +the Scriptures, or any part of them, into the vernacular +<i>Irish</i>? Have their missionaries in <i>China</i> ever +translated anything beyond the Epistles and Gospels of the Missal? +Or, is there any Roman Catholic translation into any of the +vernacular languages of <i>India</i>? Or, are there any versions in +any of the American dialects by Roman Catholic authors, besides +those mentioned by Le Long in his <i>Bibliotheca Sacra</i>. And is +there any continuation of his work up to <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page230" id="page230"></a>{230}</span> the +present day? I am acquainted with Bishop Marsh's volume, but he +seems ill-informed and speaks vaguely about Roman Catholic +versions.</p> +<p>2. What is the authority for the familiar story of a bill being +brought into parliament for the suppression of all vernacular +translations in Richard II.'s reign, and of its being stoutly +opposed by John of Gaunt? "What, are we the dregs of the earth not +to hear the Scriptures in our own tongue?" Usher mentions the +circumstance (<i>Historia Dogmatica</i>, &c.), and it is +borrowed from him by Fox. But I am so ignorant as not to know the +original and cotemporary authority.</p> +<p>3. Your learned correspondent, DR. MAITLAND, in his <i>Dark +Ages</i>, snubs D'Aubigné most unmercifully for repeating an +old story about Luther's stumbling upon a Bible, and pooh-pooh's +D'Aubigné's authority, Mathesius, as no better than a goose. +May I ask whether it is possible to discover the probable +foundation of such a story, and whether Luther has left us in his +writings any account of his early familiarity with Scripture, that +would bear upon the alleged incident, and show how much of it may +be true?</p> +<p class="author">C.F.S.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MINOR QUERIES</h3> +<p><i>The Lost Tribes.</i>—A list of all the theories and +publications respecting the ten tribes commonly called the Lost +tribes, or any communication concerning them, will much oblige.</p> +<p class="author">JARLTZBERG.</p> +<p><i>Partrige Family.</i>—Can any of your readers inform me +where I can see the grant mentioned in the following <i>note</i> +taken from Strype's <i>Ecclesiastical Memorials</i>, vol. iii. p. +542: "I find a grant to the Lady Jane Partrige for life, of the +manor of Kenne in Devon, of the yearly value of 57<i>l.</i> +12<i>s.</i> 0-3/4<i>d.</i>, but this not before April, 1553." Can +any of your readers tell me how to obtain access to a private act +1st Mary, Sessio secunda. cap. 9., anno 1553, intituled, "An Act +for the Restitution in Blood of the Heirs of Sir Miles Partrige, +Knight"? Strype calls it an act for the restitution of the +daughters of Sir Miles Partrige, and I think he must be right, as I +have primâ facie proof that Sir Miles left no son. Were the +debates on the acts of parliament recorded in those days, and if +so, how can they be seen?</p> +<p class="author">J. PARTRIGE.</p> +<p>Birmingham.</p> +<p><i>Commoner marrying a Peeress.</i>—Formerly, when a +commoner married a peeress in her own right, he assumed her title +and dignity. The right was, I believe, disputed during the reign of +Henry VIII., in the case of the claimant of the barony of Talbois, +when it was decided that no man could take his wife's titles unless +he had issue male by her, but, if there were such issue, he became, +as in cases of landed property, "tenant by curtesy" of her +dignities. Can any of your correspondents inform me whether any +subsequent decision has deprived of this right a commoner marrying +a peeress and having issue male by her?</p> +<p class="author">L.R.N.</p> +<p><i>The Character "&."</i>—What is the correct name of +the character "&?" I have heard it called <i>ample-se-and</i>, +<i>ampuzzánd</i>, <i>empuzád</i>, +<i>ampássy</i>, and <i>apples-and</i>,—all evident +corruptions of one and the same word. What is that word?</p> +<p class="author">M.A. LOWER.</p> +<p><i>Combs buried with the Dead.</i>—When the corpse of St. +Cuthbert was disinterred in the cathedral of Durham, there was +found upon his breast a plain simple Saxon <i>comb</i>. A similar +relique has been also discovered in other sepulchres of the same +sanctuary.</p> +<p>Can any of your learned contributors inform me (for I am totally +ignorant) the origin and intent of this strange accompaniment of +the burial of the ancient dead. The comb of St. Cuthbert is, I +believe, carefully preserved by the Dean and Chapter of Durham.</p> +<p class="author">R.S. HAWKER.</p> +<p>Morwenstow, Cornwall.</p> +<p><i>Cave's Historia Literaria.</i>—My present Queries arise +out of a Note which I took of a passage in Adam Clarke's +<i>Bibliography</i>, under the article "W. Cave" (vol. ii. p. +161.).</p> +<p>1. Has not the bibliographer assigned a wrong date to the +publication of Cave's <i>Historia Literaria</i>, viz. 1740, instead +of 1688-1698?</p> +<p>2. Will some of your readers do me the favour of mentioning the +successive editions of the <i>Historia Literaria</i>, together with +the year and the place of appearance of each of them?</p> +<p>According to the <i>Biographia Britannica</i> (ed. 2., "Cave, +W."), this learned work came out in the year above stated, and +there were two impressions printed at Geneva in 1705 and 1720 +respectively.</p> +<p class="author">R.K.J.</p> +<p><i>Julin.</i>—Will DR. BELL, who adverts to the tradition +of the doomed city, <i>Julin</i>, in your last number (Vol. ii. p. +178.), oblige me by a "Note" of the story as it is told by Adam of +Bremen, whose work I am not within reach of? I have long wanted to +trace this legend.</p> +<p class="author">V.</p> +<p>Belgravia, Aug. 17. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Richardson Family.</i>—Can of your correspondents +inform me who "Mr. John Richardson, of the Market Place, Leeds," +was? he was living 1681 to 1700 and after, and he made entries of +the births of eleven children on the leaves of an old book, and +also an entry of the death of his wife, named Lydea, who died 20th +December, 1700. These entries are now in possession of one of his +daughters' descendants, who is desirous to know <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page231" id="page231"></a>{231}</span> of what +family Mr. Richardson was, who he married, and what was his +profession or business.</p> +<p class="author">T.N.I.</p> +<p>Wakefield.</p> +<p><i>Tobacco—its Arabic Name.</i>—One of your +correspondents, A.C.M. (Vol. ii., p. 155.), wishes to know what is +the Arabic word for <i>tobacco</i> used in Sale's <i>Koran</i>, ed. +8vo. p. 169. Perhaps, if he will refer to the chapter and verse, or +even specify <i>which</i> is the 8vo. edition which he quotes, some +of your correspondents may be able to answer his Query.</p> +<p class="author">M.D.</p> +<p><i>Pole Money.</i>—Some time ago I made a copy of</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"A particular of all the names of the several persons within the +Lordship of Marston Montgomery (in Derbyshire), and of their +estates, according to the acts of parliament, for payment of +<i>pole money</i> assessed by William Hall, constable, and +others."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This was some time between 1660 and 1681. And also of a like</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Particular of names of the several persons within the same +lordship under the sum of <i>5l.</i>, to <i>pole for</i> according +to the acts of parliament."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Can any of your correspondents inform me to what tax the above +lists applied, and what were the acts of parliament under which +this tax (or pole-money) was payable.</p> +<p class="author">T.N.I.</p> +<p>Wakefield.</p> +<p><i>Welsh Money.</i>—I have never seen in any work on coins +the slightest allusion to the money of the native princes of Wales +before the subjugation of their country by Edward I. Is any such in +existence? and, if not, how is its disappearance to be accounted +for? I read that Athelstan imposed on the Welsh an annual tribute +<i>in money</i>, which was paid for many years. Query, In what sort +of coin?</p> +<p class="author">J.C. Witton.</p> +<p><i>A skeleton in every House.</i>—Can you or any of your +correspondents explain the origin of that most significant saying +"There is a skeleton in every house?" Does it originate in some +ghastly legend?</p> +<p class="author">Mors.</p> +<p class="note">[Our correspondent is right in his conjecture. The +saying is derived from an Italian story, which is translated in the +<i>Italian Tales of Humour, Gallantry, and Romance</i>, published +some few years ago, with illustrations by Cruikshank.]</p> +<p><i>Whetstone of Reproof.</i>—Can any of your readers +inform me who was the author of the book with the following +title?</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The Whetstone of Reproofe, or a Reproving Censvre of the +misintitled Safe Way: declaring it by Discourie of the Authors +fraudulent Proceeding, and captious Cauilling, to be a miere +By-way, drawing pore Trauellers out of the royalle and common +Streete, and leading them deceitfully into a Path of Perdition. +With a Postscript of Advertisements, especially touching the +Homilie and Epistles attributed to Alfric: and a compendious +Retortiue Discussion of the misapplyed By-way. Avthor T.T. +Sacristan and Catholike Romanist.—Catvapoli, apud viduam +Marci Wyonis. Anno MDCXXXII." Sm. 8vo. pp. xvi. 570. 198.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>It is an answer to Sir Humphrey Lynd's <i>Via Tuta</i> and +<i>Via Devia</i>. In Wood's <i>Ath. Oxon.</i>, edit. Bliss, fol. +ii. col. 602, two answers to the <i>Via Tuta</i> are mentioned; but +this is not noticed. From the author stating in the preface, "I +confesse, Sir Humfrey, I am Tom Teltruth, who cannot flatter or +dissemble," I suppose the initials T.T. to be fictitious.</p> +<p class="author">John I. Dredge.</p> +<p><i>Morganatic Marriages.—Morganatique.</i>—What is +the derivation of this word, and what its <i>actual +signification</i>?</p> +<p>In the <i>Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française</i> +(ed. 4to., 1835), the word does not appear. In Boister's +<i>Dictionnaire Universel</i> (Bruxelles, 1835) it is thus +given:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Morganatique, <i>adj. 2 g.</i>, nocturne, mystérieux, +entrainée par séduction; (mariage) mariage secret des +princes d'Allemagne avec une personne d'un rang +inférieur."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>And the same definition is given by Landais (Paris, 4to., 1842), +but this does not give the derivation or literal signification of +the word "<i>morganatic</i>." It is not in Johnson's +<i>Dictionary</i>; but in Smart's <i>Dictionary Epitomized</i> +(Longman and Co., 1840) it is thus given:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Morganatic, <i>a.</i>, applied to the marriage in which a gift +in the morning is to stand in lieu of dowry, or of all right of +inheritance, that might otherwise fall to the issue."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This, however, is inconsistent with the definition of +<i>nocturne</i>, <i>mystérieux</i>, for the gift in lieu of +dowry would have nothing of mystery in it.</p> +<p>Will some of your correspondents afford, if they can, any +reasonable explanation which justifies the application of the word +to inferior or left-handed marriages?</p> +<p class="author">G.</p> +<p class="note">[Will our correspondent accept the following as a +satisfactory reply?]</p> +<p><i>Morganatic Marriage</i> (Vol. ii, p. 72.).—The fairy +Morgana was married to a mortal. Is not this a sufficient +explanation of the term morganatic being applied to marriages where +the parties are of unequal rank?</p> +<p class="author">S.S.</p> +<p><i>Gospel of Distaffs.</i>—Can any reader say where a copy +of the <i>Gospel of Distaffs</i> may be accessible? It was printed +by Wynkyn de Worde, and Sir E. Brydges, who describes it, says a +complete copy was in Mr. Heber's library. A few leaves are found in +Bagford's Collection, Harleian MS. 5919., which only raises the +desire to see the whole. Dibdin's <i>Ames' Typography</i>, vol. ii. +p. 232., has an account of it.</p> +<p class="author">W. Bell.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page232" id= +"page232"></a>{232}</span> +<h2>REPLIES.</h2> +<h3>POETA ANGLICUS.</h3> +<p>Every proof or disproof of statements continually made with +regard to the extravagant titles assumed, or complacently received, +by the bishops of Rome being both interesting and important, the +inquiry of J.B. (Vol. ii., p. 167.) is well deserving of a reply. +Speaking of a passage cited by Joannes Andreæ, in his gloss +on the preface to the Clementines, he asks, "who is the Anglicus +Poeta?" and "what is the name of his poem," in which it is said to +the pope, "Nec Deus es nec homo, quasi neuter es inter +utrumque?"</p> +<p>"Poetria nova" was the name assigned to the hexameter poem +commencing, "Papa stupor mundi," inscribed, about the year 1200, to +the reigning Pope, Innocent III., by Galfridus de Vino salvo. Of +this work several manuscript copies are to be met with in England. +I will refer only to two in the Bodleian, Laud. 850. 83.: Ken. +Digb. 1665. 64. Polycarp Leyser (<i>Hist. Poem. medii +Ævi</i>) published it in 1721; and Mabillon has set forth +another performance by the same writer in elegiac verse (<i>Vet. +Analect.</i> pp. 369-76., Paris, 1723). In the latter case the +author's name is not given, and accordingly he is entered merely as +"Poeta vetus" in Mr. Dowling's <i>Notitia Scriptorum SS. Pat.</i>, +sc. p. 279., Oxon., 1839. Your correspondent may compare with +Andreæ's extract these lines, and those which follow them, p. +374.:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Papa brevis vox est, sed virtus nominis hujus</p> +<p>Perlustrat quiequid arcus uterque tenet."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Galfridus evidently derived his surname from his treatise on +vines and wine; and he has been singularly unfortunate in the +epithet, for I have never seen VIN-SAUF correctly printed. It +varies from "de Nine salvo" to "<i>Mestisauf</i>." Pits and Oudin +call him "Vinesalf" and Fabricius and Mansi change him into "Vine +fauf."</p> +<p>The question now remains, Are the Roman Pontiffs and their +Church answerable for the toleration of such language? Uncertainty +may on this occasion be removed by our recollection of the fact, +that a "Censura" upon the glosses of the papal canon law, by +Manriq, Master of the Sacred Palace, was issued by the command of +Pope Pius V. in 1572. It was reprinted by Pappus, Argent. 1599, +12mo., and 1609, 8vo., and it contains an order for the expurgation +of the words before quoted, together with the summary in the +margin, "Papa nec Deus est nec homo," which appears in every old +edition; for instance, in that of Paris, 1532, sig. aa. iij. So far +the matter looks well, and the prospect is not hopeless. These +glosses, however, were revised by another master of the Apostolic +Palace, Sixtus Fabri, and were edited, under the sanction of Pope +Gregory XIII., in the year 1580; and from this authentic impression +the impious panegyric has not been withdrawn. The marginal +abridgment has, in compliance with Manriq's direction, been +exterminated; and this additional note has been appended as a +palliative:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Hæc verba sano modo sunt accipienda: prolata enim sunt ad +ostendendum amplissimam esse Romani Pontificis +potestatem."—Col. 4. ed. Paris, 1585.</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">R.G.</p> +<p><i>Poeta Anglicus</i> (Vol ii., p. 167).—I cannot answer +J.B.'s Queries; but I have fallen upon a <i>cross scent</i>, which +perchance may lead to their discovery.</p> +<p>1. Ioannes Pitseus, <i>de Scriptor. ad ann.</i> 1250, (<i>Relat. +Histor. de Rebus Anglicis</i>, ed. Par. 1619, p. 322.), gives the +following account "de Michaele Blaunpaino:"—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Michael Blaunpainus, vulgo <i>Magister</i> cognominatus, +natione Anglus, patria Cornubiensis, ... missus Oxonium, deinde +Parisios, ... præ cæteris se dedidit elegantiæ +linguæ Latinæ, fuitque inter præcipuos sui +temporis <i>poetus</i> per Angliam potissimum et Galliam numeratus. +Hunc subinde citat Textor in Cornucopia sub nomine Michaelis +<i>Anglici</i>.... In lucem emisit: Historiarum Normanniæ, +librum unum: Contra Henricum Abrincensem versu. librum unum. +Archipoeta vide, quod non sit. (<i>MS. in Bibliotheca +Lunleiana.</i>) Epistolarum et carminum, librum unum. Claruit anno +Messiæ 1250, sub Henrici tertii regno."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>2. Valerius Andreas, however, gives a somewhat different account +of <i>Michael Anglicus</i>. In his <i>Biblioth. Belg.</i> ed. 8vo. +Lovan, 1623, p. 609., he says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Michael Anglicus, Bellimontensis, Hanno, I. V. Professor et +<i>Poeta</i>, scripsit:</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2">Eclogarum, libros iv., ad Episc. Parisien.</p> +<p class="i2">Eclogarum, libb. ii., ad Lud. Villerium.</p> +<p class="i2">De mutatione studiorum, lib. i.</p> +<p class="i2">Elegiam deprecatoriam.</p> +</div> +</div> +<blockquote> +<p>Et alia, quæ Paris. sunt typis edita. Hujus eruditionem et +Poemata Bapt. Mantuanus et Joannes Ravisius Testor epigrammate +commendarunt: hic etiam in Epithetis suis <i>Anglici</i> +auctoritatem non semel adducit."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>3. Franciscus Sweertius (<i>Athenæ Belgricoe</i>, ed. +Antv. 1628, p. 565.) gives a similar account to this of Valerius +Andreas.</p> +<p>4. And the account given by Christopher Hendreich Brandebargca, +(ed. Berolini, 1699, p. 193.) is substantially the same; viz.,</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Anglicus Michael cognomine, sed natione Gallus, patria +Belmontensis, utriusque juris Professor, scripsit Eclogarum, lib. +iv. ad Episc." &c ... "Et diversorum carminum libros aliquot, +quæ omnia Parisiis impressa sunt. Claruit autem A.C. +1500."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>5. Moreri takes notice of this apparent confusion made between +two different writers, who lived two centuries and a half apart. +Speaking of the later <span class="pagenum"><a name="page233" id= +"page233"></a>{233}</span> of the two, he says (<i>Dictionnaire +Historique</i>, Paris, 1759, tom. i. par. ii. p. 87.):—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>Anglicus</i> (Michel), natif de Beaumont dans le Hainaut, +qui vivoit dans le XVI. siècle, étoit poëte et +professeur en droit. Nous avons divers ouvrages de sa façon, +des églogues, un traité <i>de mutatione +studiorum</i>, &c. (Valer. Andreas, <i>Bibl. Belg.</i>) +Quelques auteurs l'ont confondu avec Michel Blaumpain. (Voyez +Blaumpain.)"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Of the earlier Anglicus, Moreri says (ubi sup., tom. ii. par. i. +p. 506.):</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Blaumpain (Michel) surnommé <i>Magister</i>, Anglois de +nation, et <i>Poëte</i>, qui vivoit vers l'an 1250. Il est +nommé par quelques-un <i>Michel Anglicus</i>. Mais il y a +plus d'apparence que c'étoient deux auteurs +différens; dont l'un composa une histoire de Normandie, et +un traité contre Henri d'Avranches; et l'autre laissa +quelques pièces de poësies;—Eclogarum, libri iv., +ad Episcopum Parisiensem; Eclogarum, libri ii., ad Ludovicum +Villerium, De mutatione studioram, Elogia deprecatoria, &c. +Baptiste Mantuan parle de Michel Anglicus, qui étoit de +Beaumont dans l'Hainault. (Pitseus, <i>De Script. Angl.</i> p. +322.; Valerius Andreas in <i>Bibl</i>, p. 670.)"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Perhaps some of your readers may have access to a copy of the +<i>Paris impression</i> of Michael Anglicus, mentioned by Andreas, +Sweertius, and Hendreich. J.B. will not need to be reminded of +these words of Innocent III., in his first serm. de consecr. Pont. +Max., in which he claimed, as St. Peter's successor, to be</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Inter Deum et hominem medius constitutus; citra Deum, sed ultra +hominem; minor Deo, sed major homine: qui de omnibus judicat, et a +nemine judicatur."—<i>Innocentii tertii Op.</i>, ed. Colon. +1575, tom. i., p. 189.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Did the claim <i>originate</i> with Pope Innocent?</p> +<p class="author">J. Sansom.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>CAXTON'S PRINTING-OFFICE.</h3> +<p>I must protest against the manner in which Arun (Vol. ii., p. +187.) has proceeded with the discussion of Caxton's printing at +Westminster. Though writing anonymously himself, he has not +hesitated to charge me by name with a desire to impeach the +accuracy of Mr. C. Knight's <i>Life of Caxton</i>, of which, and of +other works of the same series, he then volunteers as the champion, +as if they, or any one of them, were the object of a general +attack. This is especially unfair, as I made the slightest possible +allusion to Mr. Knight's work, and may confess I have as yet seen +no more of it than the passage quoted by ARUN himself. Any such +admixture of personal imputations is decidedly to be deprecated, as +being likely to militate against the sober investigation of truth +which has hitherto characterised the pages of "NOTES AND QUERIES." +ARUN also chooses to say that the only question which is material, +is, Who was Caxton's patron? <i>i.e.</i> who was the Abbot of +Westminster at the time,—who may not, after all, have +actively interfered in the matter. This question remains in some +doubt; but it was not the question with which DR. RIMBAULT +commenced the discussion. The object of that gentleman's inquiry +(Vol. ii., p. 99.) was, the particular spot where Caxton's press +was fixed. From a misapprehension of the passage in Stow, a current +opinion has obtained that the first English press was erected +within the abbey-church, and in the chapel of St. Anne; and Dr. +Dibdin conjectured that the chapel of St. Anne stood on the site of +Henry VII.'s chapel. The correction of this vulgar error is, I +submit, by no means immaterial; especially at a time when a great +effort is made to propagate it by the publication of a print, +representing "William Caxton examining the first proof sheet from +his printing-press in Westminster Abbey;" the engraving of which is +to be "of the size of the favourite print of Bolton Abbey:" where +the draftsman has deliberately represented the printers at work +within the consecrated walls of the church itself! When a less +careless reader than Dr. Dibdin consults the passage of Stow, he +finds that the chapel of St. Anne stood in the opposite direction +from the church to the site of Henry VII.'s chapel, <i>i.e.</i> +within the court of the Almonry; and that Caxton's press was also +set up in the Almonry, though not (so far as appears, or is +probable) within that chapel. The second question is, When did +Caxton first set up his press in this place? And the third, the +answer to which depends on the preceding, is, Who was the abbot who +gave him admission? Now it is true, as ARUN remarks, that the +introduction of Abbot Islip's name is traced up to Stow in the year +1603: and, as Mr. Knight has observed, "the careful historian of +London here committed one error," because John Islip did not become +Abbot of Westminster until 1500. The entire passage of Stow has +been quoted by DR. RIMBAULT in "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vol. ii., p. +99.; it states that in the Almonry—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Islip, abbot of Westminster, erected the first press of +book-printing that ever was in England, about the year 1471."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Now, it appears that the various authors of repute, who have +given the point their consideration, as the editor of Dugdale's +<i>Monasticon</i> (Sir Henry Ellis), and Mr. Cunningham in his +<i>Handbook</i>, affirm that it is John Esteney who became abbot in +1474 or 1475, and not Thomas Milling, who was abbot in 1471, whose +name should be substituted for that of Islip. In that case, Stowe +committed two errors instead of one; he was wrong in his date as +well as his name. It is to this point that I directed my remarks, +which are printed in Vol. ii., p. 142. We have hitherto no evidence +that Caxton <span class="pagenum"><a name="page234" id= +"page234"></a>{234}</span> printed at Westminster before the year +1477, six years later than mentioned by Stow.</p> +<p class="author">JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>THE USE OF COFFINS.</h3> +<p>The Query of H.E. (Vol. i., p. 321.) seems to infer that the use +of coffins may be only a modern custom. In book xxiii., chapters i. +and ii., of Bingham's <i>Antiquities of the Christian Church</i>, +H.E. will find ample proof of the very early use of coffins. During +the first three centuries of the Church, one great distinction +betwixt Heathens and Christians was, that the former burned their +dead, and placed the bones and ashes in urns; whilst the latter +always buried the corpse, either in a coffin or, embalmed, in a +catacomb; so that it might be restored at the last day from its +original dust. There have frequently been dug out of the barrows +which contain Roman urns, ancient British stone coffins. Bede +mentions that the Saxons buried their dead in wood. Coffins both of +lead and iron were constructed at a very early period. When the +royal vaults at St. Denis were desecrated, during the first French +revolution, coffins were exposed that had lain there for ages.</p> +<p>Notwithstanding all this, it appears to be the case that, both +in the Norman and English periods, the common people of this +country were often wrapped in a sere-cloth after death, and so +placed, coffinless, in the earth. The illuminations in the old +missals represent this. And it is not impossible that the extract +from the "Table of Dutyes," on which H.E. founds his inquiry, may +refer to a lingering continuance of this rude custom. Indeed, a +statute passed in 1678, ordering that all dead bodies shall be +interred in woollen and no other material, is so worded as to give +the idea that there might be interments without coffins. The +statute forbids that any person be put in, wrapt, or wound up, or +buried in any shirt, shift, sheet, or shroud, unless made of +sheep's wool only; or in any coffin lined or faced with any +material but sheep's wool; as if the person might be buried either +in a garment, or in a coffin, so long as the former was made of, or +the latter lined with, wool.</p> +<p>I think the "buryall without a coffin," quoted by H.E., must +have referred to the interment of the poorest class. Their friends, +being unable to provide a coffin, conformed to an old rude custom, +which had not entirely ceased.</p> +<p class="author">Alfred Gatty</p> +<hr /> +<h3>SHAKSPEARE'S USE OF THE WORD "DELIGHTED".</h3> +<p>If the passage from <i>Measure for Measure</i>, which has been +the subject of much controversy in your recent numbers, be read in +its natural sense—there is surely nothing unintelligible in +the word "delighted" as there used.</p> +<p>The object of the poet was to show how instinctively the mind +shudders at the change produced by death—both on body and +soul; and how repulsive it must be to an active and sentient +being.</p> +<p>He therefore places in frightful contrast the condition of +<i>each</i> before and after that awful change. The BODY, +<i>now</i> endowed with "sensible warm motion," to become in death +"a kneaded clod," to "lie in cold obstruction, and to rot." The +SPIRIT, <i>now</i> "delighted" (all full of delight), to become in +death utterly powerless, an unconscious—passive +thing—"imprisoned in the viewless winds, and blown with +restless violence round about the pendant world," how intolerable +the thought, and how repulsive the contrast! It is <i>not</i> in +its state <i>after death</i>, but <i>during life</i>, that the poet +represents the spirit to be a "delighted one." If we fall into the +error of supposing him to refer to the <i>former</i> period, we are +compelled to alter our text, in order to make the passage +intelligible, or invent some new meaning to the word "delighted," +and, at the same time, we deprive the passage of the strong +antithesis in which all its spirit and force consists. It is this +strong antithesis, this painfully marked contrast between the two +states of <i>each, body</i> and <i>spirit</i>, which displays the +power and skill of the poet in handling the subject. Without it, +the passage loses half its meaning.</p> +<p>MR. HICKSON will not, I hope, accuse one who is no critic for +presuming to offer this suggestion. I tender it with diffidence, +being conscious that, although a passionate admirer of the great +bard, I am all unlearned in the art of criticism, "a plain +unlettered man," and therefore simply take what is set before me in +its natural sense, as well as I may, without searching for +recondite interpretations. On this account, I feel doubly the +necessity of apologising for interfering with the labours of so +learned and able a commentator as MR. HICKSON has shown himself to +be.</p> +<p class="author">L.B.L.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>VENTRILOQUISM</h3> +<h4>(Vol. ii., p. 88.)</h4> +<p>Plutarch (tom. ii., p. 397.D.) has these words:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>[Greek: "Ou gar esti theou hae gaerus oude ho phthoggos, oude he +lexis, oude to metron, alla taes yunaikos: ekeinos de monas tas +phantasias paristaesi, kau phos en tae psuchae poiei pros to +mellon."]</p> +</blockquote> +<p>If that be the passage referred to be Rollin, nothing is said +there about ventriloquism. The Scholiast on Aristoph. (<i>Plut.</i> +39.) tells us how the Pythian received the <i>afflatus</i>, but +says nothing about her <i>speaking</i> from her belly: He only +has</p> +<blockquote> +<p>[Greek: "Ta taes manteias hae mallon manias ephtheggeto +hraemata."]</p> +</blockquote> +<p>In another place of Plutarch (tom. ii., p. 414. E.) we have +[Greek: eggastrimuthoi] and [Greek: puthones] used as synonymous +words to express persons into whose bodies the god might be +supposed to enter, "using their <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page235" id="page235"></a>{235}</span> bodies and voices as +instruments." The only word in that passage which appears to hint +at what we call ventriloquism is [Greek: hupophtheggesthai].</p> +<p>I have very little doubt that amongst the various tricks of +ancient divination ventriloquism found a place; but I cannot give +that direct evidence which MR. SANSOM asks for. I think it very +likely that "<i>the wizards that peep and mutter</i>" (Isa. viii. +19.) were of this class; but it is not clear that the [Hebrew: +'obot]—the [Greek eggastrimuthoi] of the LXX.—were so. +The English version has "them that have familiar spirits." The +Hebrew word signifies <i>bottles</i>; and this may mean no more +than that the spirit of divination was contained in the person's +body as in a bottle, "using his body and his voice as instruments," +as in the place of Plutarch quoted above. We have something like +this, Acts, xix. 15., where "the evil spirit answered," no doubt in +the voice of the demoniac, "Jesus I know," &c. Michaelis +(Suppl., p. 39.) gives a different meaning and etymology to +[Hebrew: 'obot]. He derives it from the Arabic, which signifies (1) +<i>rediit</i>, (2) <i>occidit</i> sol, (3) <i>noctu venit</i> or +<i>noctu aliquid fecit</i>. The first and third of these meanings +will make it applicable to the [Greek: nekromanteia] (of which the +witch of Endor was a practitioner), which was carried on at night. +See Hor. <i>Sat.</i> I. ix.</p> +<p>I do not think that the damsel mentioned Acts, xvi. 16. was a +ventriloquist. The use of the word [Greek: ekraze] in the next +verse, would lead us to infer that she spoke in a loud voice +<i>with her mouth open</i>; whereas the [Greek: eggastrimuthoi] are +defined by Galen (<i>Glossar. Hippocr.</i>) as [Greek: oi +kekleismenou tou stomatos phthengomenoi].</p> +<p>Consult Vitringa and Rosenmüller on Isa. viii. 19., Wolf +and Kuinoel on Acts, xvi. 16., Biscoe on the Acts, ch. viii. +§2; where references will be found to many works which will +satisfy Mr. SANSOM better than this meagre note.</p> +<p class="author">[Hebrew: B]</p> +<p><i>Ventriloquism</i> (Vol. ii., p. 88.).—In reply to Query +1, I wish to call Mr. SANSOM'S attention to <i>Plutarch de +Oraculorum defectu</i> (Lipsiæ, 1777, vol. vii. p. 632.), and +to Webster's <i>Displaying of supposed Witchcraft</i> (chaps. vi. +and viii.). Queries 2 and 3. Besides the extraordinary work of +Webster, he may consult the elaborate dissertations of Allatius on +these subjects, in the eighth volume of <i>Critici Sacri</i>. Query +4. On the use of the term [Greek: eggastrimuthos] by the sacred +writers, <i>Ravanelli Biblioth. S.</i>, and by classical authors, +<i>Foesii Oeconomia Hippocratis</i>; and for synonymous "divinorum +ministrorum nomina," <i>Pollucis Onomasticon</i>.</p> +<p class="author">T.J.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.</h3> +<p><i>Earl of Oxford's Patent</i> (Vol. ii., p. 194.).—M.'s +quotation from the <i>Weekly Oracle</i> relates to Harley's having +been stabbed at the council-table by the Sieur de Guiscard, a +French Papist, brought up for examination 8th March, 1711. The +escape of the Chancellor of the Exchequer was the subject of an +address from both Houses to the Queen; and upon his being +sufficiently recovered to resume his seat, the Speaker delivered to +him the unanimous congratulations of the House of Commons. Harley +was shortly after created Earl of Oxford, by patent bearing date +24th May, 1711, which recites, <i>inter alia</i>,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Since, therefore, the two Houses of Parliament have declared +that the fidelity and affection he has expressed in our service +have exposed him to the hatred of wicked men, <i>and the desperate +rage of a villanous parricide</i>, since they have congratulated +his escape from such imminent dangers, and put us in mind that he +might not be preserved in vain, we willingly comply with their +desires, and grant him who comes so honourably recommended by the +votes of our Parliament, a place among our peer," &c. +&c.—Collin's <i>Peerage</i>, vol. iv. p. 260. edit. +1789.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Guiscard died in Newgate of the wounds which he received in the +scuffle when he was secured.</p> +<p class="author">BRAYBROOKE.</p> +<p class="note">[O.P.Q., who has kindly replied to M.'s inquiry, +has appended to his answer the following Query:—"Is Smollett +justified in using the words <i>assassin</i> and +<i>assassinate</i>, as applied to cases of intended homicide, when +death did not ensue?"]</p> +<p><i>The Darby Ram</i> (Vol. ii., p. 71.).—There is a +whimsical little volume, which, as it relates mainly to local +matters, may not have come under the notice of many of your +readers, to which I would refer your querist H.W.</p> +<p>It is entitled,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Gimcrackiana, or Fugitive Pieces on Manchester Men and Manners +ten years ago. Manchester, 1833." cr. 8vo.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>It is anonymous, but I believe truly ascribed to a clever young +bookseller of the name of J.S. Gregson, since dead.</p> +<p>At page 185. he gives twelve stanzas of this ballad, as the most +perfect copy from the oral chronicle of his greatgrandmother.</p> +<p>In <i>The Ballad Book</i> (Edinb. 1827, 12mo.), there is another +entitled "The Ram of Diram," of a similar kind, but consisting of +only six verses and chorus. And the <i>Dublin Penny Journal</i>, +vol. i., p. 283., contains a prose story, entitled "Darby and the +Ram," of the same veracious nature.</p> +<p class="author">F.R.A.</p> +<p><i>Rotten Row and Stockwell Street.</i>—R.R., of Glasgow, +inquires the etymology of these names (Vol. i., p. 441.). The +etymology of the first word possesses some interest, perhaps, at +the present time, owing to the name of the site of the intended +Exhibition from all Nations in Hyde Park. I sent to the publishers +of <i>Glasgow Delineated</i>, <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page236" id="page236"></a>{236}</span> which was printed at the +University press in 1826, a contradiction of the usual origin of +the name adopted in that city, showing the impossibility of the +expression bearing any reference to the dissoluteness or immorality +of the former residents, and also contradicting its having any +thing to do with "rats," or "rattons," <i>Scotticè</i>; +although, in 1458, the "Vicus Rattonum" is the term actually used +in the Archbishop of Glasgow's chartulary. My observations, which +were published in a note, concluded as follows:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The name, however, may be also traced to a very remote and +classic origin, although we are not aware that it has hitherto been +condescended on. In ancient Rome was what was called the Ratumena +Porta, 'a nomine ejus appellata (says Gessner in his Latin +<i>Thesaurus</i>) qui ludiero certamine quadrigis victor juvenis +Veiis consternatis equis excussus Romæ periit, qui equi +feruntur non ante constitisse quam pervenirent in Capitolium.' The +same story is related by Pliny, from whom and other authors, it +appears that the word Ratumena was then as proverbially applied to +jockies as Jehu in our own days. From the circumstance of the +Rotten Row Port (of Glasgow) having stood at the west end of this +street, and the Stable Green Port near the east end, which also led +to the Archbishop's castle, it is probably not only that it was the +street through which processions would generally proceed, but that +the port alluded to, and after it the street in question, were +dignified by the more learned of our ancestors with the Roman name +of which, or of the Latin Rota, the present appears a very natural +corruption."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I may here refer to Facciolati's <i>Dictionary, voce</i> +"Ratumena Porta," as well as Gessner's.</p> +<p>As to <i>Stockwell</i>, also a common name, it is obviously +indicative of the particular kind of well at the street, by which +the water was lifted not by a wheel, nor by a pump, nor a pulley, +but by a beam poised on or formed by a large <i>stock</i>, or +<i>block of wood</i>.</p> +<p class="author">Lambda.</p> +<p><i>Hornbooks</i> (Vol. ii., p. 167.).—Mr. Timbs will find +an account of hornbooks, with a woodcut of one of the time of Queen +Elizabeth, in Mr. Halliwell's <i>Notices of Fugitive Tracts</i>, +printed by the Percy Society, 1849. Your readers would confer a +favour on Mr. Timbs and myself by the communication of any +additional information.</p> +<p class="author">R.</p> +<p><i>Passages from Shakspeare</i> (Vol. ii., p. 135.).—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Ang.</i> We are all frail.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Isab.</i> Else let my brother die,</p> +<p>If not a feodary, but only he</p> +<p>Owe, and succeed thy weakness.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Ang.</i> Nay, women are frail too.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Measure for Measure</i>, Act. ii. Sc. 4.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>I should paraphrase Isabella's remarks thus:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"If it be otherwise, if we are not all frail as thou sayest, +then let my brother die, unless he be but in the same case as +others; if he alone possess and follow thee in that particular +frailty to which thou has half confessed."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>A feodary, I should observe, was an officer of the Court of +Wards, who was joined with the escheator and did not act singly; I +conceive therefore that Shakspeare by this expression indicates an +associate; one in the same plight as others; negatively, one who +does not stand alone. In <i>Cymbeline</i>, Act iii. Sc. 2., we +read:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Senseless bauble,</p> +<p>Art thou a <i>feodary</i> for this act, and lookst</p> +<p>So virgin-like without?"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>where feodary clearly means confederate, associate. According to +some, the word signifies one who holds land by the same tenure as +the rest of mankind; whilst Mr. Knight, in a note on <i>Henry +IV</i>. Part i. Act i. endeavors to show that it includes both the +companion and the feudal vassal.</p> +<p>"To owe" is frequently used by Shakspeare in the sense of to +possess, to own, as in Act i. Sc. 5. where Lucio says:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"But when they weep and kneel,</p> +<p>All their petitions are as freely theirs</p> +<p>As they themselves would <i>owe</i> them."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>So also in the following instances:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"The slaughter of the prince that <i>ow'd</i> that crown."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Richard III.</i>, Act. iv. Sc. 4.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"What art thou, that keepst me out from the house I</p> +<p><i>owe</i>?"</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Comedy of Errors</i>, Act iii. Sc. 1.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Then thou alone kingdoms of hearts shouldst <i>owe</i>."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Sonnet</i> lxx.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Further examples will be found in <i>A Lover's Complaint</i>, +the last line but two; <i>Pericles</i>, Act v. Sc. 1.; <i>Twelfth +Night</i>, Act. i Sc. 5., <i>Love's Labour's Lost</i>, Act i. Sc. +2.; <i>King John</i>, Act ii. Sc. 1.; <i>King Lear</i>, Act i. Sc. +4.</p> +<p>As the passage is allowed to be obscure, this attempt to explain +its meaning is submitted with great deference to the opinions of +your readers.</p> +<p class="author">Arun.</p> +<p><i>Mildew in Books</i> (Vol. ii., p. 103.).—In answer to +B. I mention that the following facts connected with mildew in +books have been elicited.</p> +<p>The mildew referred to is that which shows itself in the form of +roundish or irregular brown spots.</p> +<p>It is usually most abundant in those parts which are most +exposed to the air.</p> +<p>In making a microscopic examination of the spots, I ascertained +that there was no new structure present; but in manipulating I +found that these spots absorbed water more rapidly than the rest of +the paper.</p> +<p>On applying litmus, these spots were found to have a powerful +acid reaction.</p> +<p>On submitting the matter to a chemical friend, he ascertained +that the acid in question was the sulphuric, or oil of vitriol. +Experiments were then made with a dilute solution of this acid on +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page237" id= +"page237"></a>{237}</span> clean paper, and spots were produced +similar to those of mildew.</p> +<p>The acid does not naturally exist in paper, and its presence can +only be accounted for by supposing that the paper has been bleached +by the fumes of sulphur. This produces sulphurous acid, which, by +the influence of atmospheric air and moisture, is slowly converted +into sulphuric, and then produces the mildew. As this may be shown +to be an absolute <i>charring</i> of the fibres of which the paper +is composed, it is to be feared that it cannot be cured. After the +process has once commenced, it can only be checked by the utmost +attention to dryness, moisture being indispensable to its +extension, and vice versâ.</p> +<p>I do not know whether these facts are generally known, but they +would seem to be very important to paper-makers.</p> +<p class="author">T.I.</p> +<p><i>Pilgrims' Road to Canterbury</i> (Vol. ii., p. +199.).—Your correspondent PHILO-CHAUCER, I presume, desires +to know the old route to Canterbury. I should imagine that at the +time of Chaucer a great part of the country was uncultivated and +uninclosed, and a horse-track in parts of the route was probably +the nearest approximation to a road. At the present day, crossing +the London road at Wrotham, and skirting the base of the chalk +hills, there is a narrow lane which I have heard <i>called</i> "the +Pilgrims' road," and this, I suppose, is in fact the old Canterbury +road; though how near to London or Canterbury it has a distinct +existence, and to what extent it may have been absorbed in other +roads, I am not able to say. The title of "Pilgrims' road" I take +to be a piece of modern antiquarianism. In the immediate vicinity +of this portion there are some druidical remains: some at +Addington, and a portion of a small circle tolerably distinct in a +field and lane between, I think, Trottescliffe and Ryarsh. In the +absence of better information, you may perhaps make use of +this.</p> +<p class="author">S.H.</p> +<p><i>Abbé Strickland</i> (Vol. ii, p. 198.), of whom I.W.H. +asks for information, is mentioned by <i>Cox</i>, in his <i>Memoirs +of Sir Robert Walpole</i>, t. i. p. 442., and t. iii. p. 174.</p> +<p class="author">D. ROCK.</p> +<p><i>Etymology of Totnes.</i>—The Query of J.M.B. (Vol. i., +p 470.) not having been as yet answered, I venture to offer a few +notes on the subject; and, mindful of your exhortation to brevity, +compress my remarks into the smallest possible compass, though the +details of research which might be indulged in, would call for a +dissertation rather them a Note.</p> +<p>That Totnes is a place of extreme antiquity as a British town +cannot be doubted; first, from the site and character of its +venerable hill fortress; secondly, from the fact that the chief of +the four great British and Roman roads, the Fosse-way, commenced +there—"The ferthe of thisse is most of alle that tilleth from +Toteneis ... From the south-west to north-east into Englonde's +end;" and, thirdly, from the mention of it, and the antiquity +assigned to it by our earliest annals and chronicles. Without +entering into the question of the full authenticity of Brute and +the <i>Saxon Chronicle</i>, or the implicit adoption of the +legendry tales of Havillan and Geoffry of Monmouth, the concurring +testimony of those records, with the voice of tradition, the stone +of the landing, and the fact that the town is seated at the head of +an estuary the most accessible, the most sheltered, and the best +suited of any on the south-western coast for the invasion of such a +class of vessels as were those of the early navigators, abundantly +warrant the admission that it was the landing-place of some mighty +leader at a very early period of our history.</p> +<p>And now to the point of the etymology of <i>Totenais</i>, as it +stands in Domesday Book. We may, I think, safely dismiss the +derivation suggested by Westcote, on the authority of Leland, and +every thing like it derived from the French, as well as the unknown +tongue which he adopts in "Dodonesse." That we are warranted in +seeking to the Anglo-Saxon for etymology in this instance is shown +by the fact, that the names of places in Devon are very generally +derived from that language; <i>e.g.</i> taking a few only in the +neighbourhood of Totnes—Berry, Buckyatt, Dartington, Halwell, +Harberton, Hamstead, Hempstin, Stancombe.</p> +<p>First, of the termination <i>ais</i> or <i>eis</i>. The names of +many places of inferior consequence in Devon end in <i>hays</i>, +from the Ang.-Saxon <i>heag</i>, a hedge or inclosure; but this +rarely, if ever, designates a town or a place beyond a farmstead, +and seems to have been of later application as to a new location or +subinfeudation; for it is never found in Domesday Book. In that +ancient record the word <i>aisse</i> is often found alone, and +often as a prefix and as a terminal; <i>e.g.</i>, Aisbertone, +Niresse, Aisseford, Aisselie, &c. This is the Ang.-Saxon +<i>Aesc</i>, an ash; and it is uniformly so rendered in English: +but it also means a ship or boat, as built of ash. <i>Toten</i>, +the major of the name, is, I have no doubt, the genitive of +<i>Tohta</i>, "dux, herzog," a leader or commander. Thus we have +<i>Tohtanoesc</i>, the vessel of the leader, or the commander's +ship,—commemorating the fact that the boat of some great +invader was brought to land at this place.</p> +<p class="author">S.S.S</p> +<p><i>Ædricus qui Signa fundebat</i> (Vol. ii., p. 199), must +surely have been a bell-founder: signum is a very common word, in +mediæval writings, for a "bell."</p> +<p class="author">D. ROCK</p> +<p><i>Fiz-gig</i> (Vol. ii, p. 120).—I had expected that your +Querist C.B. would have received an <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page238" id="page238"></a>{238}</span> immediate reply to his +Query as to the meaning of <i>fiz-gig</i>, because the word is in +Johnson's <i>Dictionary</i>, where he may also see the line from +Sandys' <i>Job</i>, in which it caught his attention.</p> +<p>You may as well, therefore, tell him two things,—that +<i>fiz-gig</i> means a fish-cart and that Querists should abstain +from soliciting your aid in all cases where a common dictionary +would give them the information they want.</p> +<p class="author">H.W.</p> +<p><i>Guineas</i> (Vol. ii., p. 10.).—The coin named in the +document quoted by A.J.H. is the <i>Guiennois</i> a gold piece +struck at Guienne by Edward III., and also by his son the Black +Prince. It is not likely that the Guiennois was the original of the +name given to the new gold coin of Charles II., because it could +have had no claim to preference beyond the <i>Mouton</i>, the +<i>Chaise</i>, the <i>Pavillon</i>, or any other old Anglo-Gallic +coin. I think we may rest contented with the statement of Leake +(who wrote not much more than half a century after the event), and +who says that the <i>Guinea</i> was so called from the gold of +which it was made having been brought from Guinea by the African +Company, whose stamp of an elephant was ordered to be impressed +upon it.</p> +<p class="author">J.C. Witton.</p> +<p><i>Numismatics.</i>—My thanks are due to Mr. J.C. Witton +(Vol. ii., p. 42.) for his replies to my Numismatic Queries, though +I cannot coincide with his opinion on Nos. 1. and 3.</p> +<p>No ancient forger would have taken the pains to cut a die to +strike lead from; and my specimen, from its sharpness, has clearly +never been in circulation: why may it not have been a proof from +the original die?</p> +<p>Of No. 2. I have since been shown several specimens, which had +before, I suppose, escaped my notice.</p> +<p>On the coin of Macrinus, the letter below the S.C. now clearly +appears to be an η, but the one above is not a Δ, but +rather an L or inverted T. It cannot stand for [Greek: Lykabas], as +on the Egyptian coinage, as Macrinus was slain by his soldiers the +year after his accession.</p> +<p>The Etruscilla, even under a powerful magnifier, betrays no +trace of ever having been plated and has all the marks by which +numismatists determine the genuineness of a coin. The absence of +S.C., I must remind Mr. W., is not uncommon on <i>third</i> brass, +though of course it always appears on the first and second.</p> +<p>I need go no farther than the one just mentioned of Tiberius, +which has no S.C., and I possess several others which are deficient +in this particular, a Severus Alexander, Elagabalus, &c. After +Gallienus it never appears.</p> +<p class="author">E.S.T.</p> +<p><i>Querela Cantabrigiensis</i> (Vol. ii, p. 168.).—Dr. +Peter Barwick, in the life of his brother, Dr. Jno. Barwick (Eng. +Edit. Lond. 1724, 8vo.), after describing the treatment of the +University by Cromwell, adds (p. 32.) "But Mr. Barwick, no +inconsiderable part of this tragedy, together with others of the +University, groaning under the same yoke of tyranny, and each +taking a particular account of the sufferings of his own college, +gave a distinct narrative of all these barbarities, and under the +title of <i>Querela Cantabrigiensis</i>, or the <i>University of +Cambridge's Complaint</i>, got it printed by the care of Mr. +R—— B——, bookseller of <i>London</i> who +did great service to his King and country, by printing, and +dispersing in the most difficult times, books written in defence of +the royal cause." See also <i>Biog. Brit.</i>, article +"Barwick".</p> +<p class="author">John I. Dredge.</p> +<p><i>Ben Johnson</i> (Vol. ii., p. 167.)—So the name was +spelt by most of his contemporaries. The poem mentioned by N.A.B. +is printed in the <i>Underwoods</i>, Gifford's edition, ix., 68; +but the MS. may contain variations worthy of notice. I should doubt +its being autograph, not merely because the poet spelt his name +without the <i>h</i>, but because the verses in question are only +part of his <i>Eupheme</i>.</p> +<p class="author">J.O. Halliwell.</p> +<p><i>Barclay's "Argenis".</i>—Since I sent you a Query on +this subject, I have heard of <i>one</i> translation, by Miss Clara +Reeve, the authoress of <i>The Old English Baron</i> and other +works. She commenced her literary career, I believe, by a +translation of this work, which she published in 1772, under the +title of <i>The Phoenix</i>.</p> +<p class="author">Jarltzberg.</p> +<p><i>Hockey</i> (Vol. i., p. 457.).—I have not observed that +this has been yet noticed: if such be the case, permit me to refer +to a letter of the poet Cowper, dated 5th Nov., 1785 (5th vol. +<i>Works</i>, edit. by Southey, p. 174.) in which, alluding to that +day, he says,</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The boys at Olney have likewise a very entertaining sport which +commences annually upon this day; they call it <i>hockey</i>, and +it consists in dashing each other with mud, and the windows also, +so that I am forced to rise now and then and to threaten them with +a horsewhip, to preserve our own."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">F.R.A.</p> +<p><i>Praed's Poetical Works</i> (Vol. ii., p. 190.).—Your +Cambridge correspondent, Mr. Cooper, will be glad to know that +Praed's <i>poems</i> are published in a collected form; <i>Poetical +Works of Winthrop Mackworth Praed, now first collected by Rufus W. +Griswold; New York</i>, 1844. This collection contains some +thirty-six pieces. The longest poems, "Lillian" and "The +Troubadour," each in two cantos, display passages of great beauty +and exquisite musical flow. Among the charades, five in number, +"Sir Harry, he charged at Agincourt", is not to be found.</p> +<p class="author">W.M. Kingsmill.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page239" id= +"page239"></a>{239}</span> +<h2>MISCELLANEOUS</h2> +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3> +<p>We announced, after the last Annual Meetings of the Shakspeare +Society, that it had been determined to publish a complete set of +the Plays of one of Shakspeare's most prolific and interesting +contemporaries, Thomas Heywood; and that the first volume of such +collection, containing Six Plays, was then ready. A further +contribution towards this collection, containing <i>The Royal King +and Loyal Subject</i>, which has not been reprinted since the old +edition of 1637, and his very popular drama, <i>A Woman killed with +Kindness</i>, has just been issued, with an Introduction and Notes +by J. Payne Collier, Esq., the zealous and indefatigable Director +of the Society, and will, we are sure, be welcomed by every lover +of our early drama. The Shakspeare Society will, indeed, do good +service to the cause of our early literature if it prove the means +of securing us, a uniform series of the works of such of our +Elizabethan dramatists as do not stand sufficiently high in the +opinion of the uninitiated, to tempt the publishing world to put +forth their productions in a collected form.</p> +<p>We have received the following Catalogues:—John Petheram's +(94. High Holborn) Catalogue, Part CXV. (No. 9. for 1850), of Old +and New Books; Cole's (15. Great Turnstile) List, No. XXVIII., of +Useful Second-hand Books.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</h3> +<h4>WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h4> +<p>Diurnal Readings, 1 vol. 8vo.</p> +<p>Scottish Poems collected by Pinkerton, 2 vols. sm. 8vo., +1792.</p> +<h4>ODD VOLUMES</h4> +<p>Bell's Shakspeare's Plays and Poems. Vol. I.</p> +<p>Ivimey's History of the Baptists. Vol. II.</p> +<p>Edwards' Gangræna. Parts II. and III.</p> +<p>Asiatic Annual Register. Vol. VII. for 1805.</p> +<p>Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage +free</i>, to be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES", +186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>Notices to Correspondents.</h3> +<p>Nocab <i>is informed that the Prelate to whom he refers was +created a D.D. by the late Archbishop of Canterbury. It certainly +is not necessary that the recipient of such a degree should have +previously taken that of M.A. or B.A.</i></p> +<p>H.I.G., <i>Northampton. The Editor would be happy to insert the +Question of this Correspondent, relating to the Epistles of St. +Paul, but he apprehends that the discussion to which it would give +rise would, in order to its being of any use, require more space +than could be afforded, and involve a good deal of criticism and +argument not suited to these columns.</i></p> +<p>A.B. <i>(Bradpole) will find a notice of the line "Incidis in +Scyllam", &c., which is taken from Gualter de Lisle's +Alexandriad, in Notes and Queries, Vol. ii., p. 86.</i></p> +<p><i>The loan of a copy of the Teseide is freely offered to our +Brighton correspondent</i>.</p> +<p>To be Published by Subscription, in 3 vols. fcp. 8vo.</p> +<p>I. NORTHERN MYTHOLOGY, comprising the Principal Later +Superstitions of Scandinavia.</p> +<p>II. POPULAR TRADITIONS of Scandinavia and the Netherlands. By B. +Thorpe.</p> +<p>The work will be sent to press as soon as the number subscribed +for shall be adequate to cover the cost of printing.</p> +<p>Names received by Messrs. R. and J.E. Taylor, Red Lion Court, +Fleet-street.</p> +<hr class="adverts" /> +<p>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE and HISTORICAL REVIEW for AUGUST +contains, among other articles,</p> +<p>Unpublished Anecdotes of Sir Thomas Wyatt.</p> +<p>Roman Art at Cirencester (with Engravings).</p> +<p>The Congress of Vienna and Prince de Ligne.</p> +<p>Letter of H.R.H. the Duke of York in 1787.</p> +<p>Monuments in Oxford Cathedral (with two Plates).</p> +<p>Michael Drayton and his "Idea's Mirrour."</p> +<p>Date of the erection of Chaucer's Tomb.</p> +<p>Letters of Dr. Maitland and Mr. Stephens on The Ecclesiastical +History Society: with Remarks.</p> +<p>The British Museum Catalogue and Mr. Panizzi.</p> +<p>Reviews of Correspondence of Charles V., the Life of Southey, +&c., &c., Notes of the Month, Literary and Antiquarian +Intelligence, Historical Chronicle, and Obituary. Price +2<i>s.</i>6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>"The Gentleman's Magazine has been revived with a degree of +spirit and talent which promises the best assurance of its former +popularity."—<i>Taunton Courier.</i></p> +<p>"A better or more valuable work for country book societies, +lending libraries, and reading rooms, it is impossible to find +within the whole compass of English literature. Its literary +articles are peculiarly sound in principle, and its criticisms +liberal but just; whilst its Obituary confers upon it a national +importance. We are sure then we cannot do a better service to our +friends, and more especially to those connected with institutions +like those we have adverted to, than in recommending this work to +their support."—<i>Nottingham Review</i>.</p> +<p>Nichols and Son, 25. 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Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, +September 7. 1850.</p> +<hr class="full" /> + +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13427 ***</div> +</body> +</html> diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f84c2fd --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #13427 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/13427) diff --git a/old/13427-8.txt b/old/13427-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9f07e07 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/13427-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2359 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 45, Saturday, +September 7, 1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries, No. 45, Saturday, September 7, 1850 + A Medium Of Inter-Communication For Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc. + + +Author: Various + +Release Date: September 10, 2004 [EBook #13427] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 45, *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team and The Internet Library of Early Journals, + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 45.] SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * {225} + + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- + Folk Lore:--The first Mole in Cornwall--"A whistling + Wife," &c.--A Charm for Warts--Hanging out + the broom. 225 + Lord Plunket and St. Agobard. 226 + Notes on Cunningham's Handbook of London, By E.F. + Rimbault. 227 + Notes on Coleridge's Aids to Reflection, by J.E.B. + Mayor. 228 + Minor Notes:--Capture of Henry VI.--Notes from + Mentmore Register. 228 + +QUERIES:-- + Joachim, the French Ambassador. 229 + Roman Catholic Translations of the Scriptures, &c. 229 + Minor Queries:--The Lost Tribes--Partrige Family--Commoner + marrying a Peeress--The Character "&"--Combs buried with + the Dead--Cave's Historia Literaria--Julin--Richardson + Family--Arabic Name of Tobacco--Pole Money--Welsh Money--A + Skeleton in every House--Whetstone of Reproof--Morganatic + Marriages--Gospel of Distaffs. 230 + +REPLIES:-- + Poeta Anglicus. 232 + Caxton's Printing-office, by J.G. Nichols. 233 + The Use of Coffins, by Rev. A. Gatty. 234 + Shakspeare's Use of the Word "Delighted". 234 + Ventriloquism. 234 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Earl of Oxford's Patent--The + Darby Ram--Rotten Row and Stockwell + Street--Hornbooks--Passages from Shakspeare--Mildew in + Books--Pilgrims' Road to Canterbury--Abbé Strickland--Etymology + of Totnes--Ædricus qui Signa fundebat--Fiz-gig--Guineas-- + Numismatics--Querela Cantabrigiensis--Ben Johnson--Barclay's + "Argenis"--Hockey--Praed's Poetical Works. 235 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 239 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. 239 + Notices to Correspondents. 239 + Advertisements. 240 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + +FOLK LORE. + +_The First Mole in Cornwall; a Morality from the Stowe of Morwenna, in +the Rocky Land._--A lonely life for the dark and silent mole! She glides +along her narrow vaults, unconscious of the glad and glorious scenes of +earth, and air, and sea! She was born, as it were, in a grave, and in +one long living sepulchre she dwells and dies! Is not existence to her a +kind of doom? Wherefore is she thus a dark, sad exile from the blessed +light of day? Hearken! Here, in our own dear Cornwall, the first mole +was a lady of the land! Her abode was in the far west, among the hills +of Morwenna, beside the Severn sea. She was the daughter of a lordly +race, the only child of her mother, and the father of the house was +dead. Her name was Alice of the Lea. Fair was she and comely, tender and +tall; and she stood upon the threshold of her youth. But most of all did +men wonder at the glory of her large blue eyes. They were, to look upon, +like the summer waters, when the sea is soft with light! They were to +her mother a joy, and to the maiden herself--ah! benedicite--a pride. +She trusted in the loveliness of those eyes, and in her face, and +features, and form: and so it was that the damsel was wont to pass the +summer's day, in the choice of rich apparel, and precious stones, and +gold. Howbeit this was one of the ancient and common customs of those +old departed days. Now, in the fashion of her stateliness, and in the +hue and texture of her garments, there was none among the maidens of old +Cornwall like Alice of the Lea. Men sought her far and nigh, but she was +to them all, like a form of graven stone, careless and cold. Her soul +was set upon a Granville's love, fair Sir Bevil of Stowe, the flower of +the Cornish chivalry--that noble gentleman! that valorous knight! He was +her star. And well might she wait upon his eyes; for he was the garland +of the west--the loyal soldier of a sainted king. He was that stately +Granville who lived a hero-life, and died a warrior's death! + +Now there was signal made of banquet in the halls of Stowe, of wassail, +and the dance. The messengers had sped, and Alice of the Lea would be +there. Robes, precious and many, were unfolded from their rest, and the +casket poured forth jewel and gem, that the maiden might stand before +the knight victorious! It was the day--the hour--the time. Her mother +sate by her wheel at the hearth. The page waited in the hall. She came +down in her loveliness into the old oak room, and stood before the +mirrored glass. Her robe was of woven velvet, rich, and glossy, and +soft; jewels shone like stars in the midnight of her raven hair, and on +her hand there gleamed, afar off, a bright and glorious ring! She {226} +stood--she gazed upon her own countenance and form, and worshipped! "Now +all good angels succour thee, dear Alice, and bend Sir Bevil's soul! +Fain am I to see thee a wedded wife, before I die! I yearn to hold thy +children on my knee! Often shall I pray to-night that the Granville +heart may yield! Thy victory shall be my prayer!" + +"Prayer!" was the haughty answer; "with the eyes that I see in that +glass, and this vesture meet for a queen, I lack no doubting prayer!" + +Saint Mary shield us! Ah words of evil soul! There was a shriek--a +sob--a cry: and where was Alice of the Lea? Vanished--gone. They had +heard wild tones of sudden music in the air. There was a rush--a beam of +light--and she was gone, and that for ever! East sought they her, and +west, in northern paths and south; but she was never more seen in the +lands. Her mother wept till she had not a tear left; none sought to +comfort her, for it was vain. Moons waxed and waned, and the crones by +the cottage-hearth had whiled away many a shadowy night with tales of +Alice of the Lea. + +But, at the last, as the gardener in the Pleasance leaned one day on his +spade, he saw among the roses a small round hillock of earth, such as he +had never seen before, and upon it something which shone. It was her +ring! It was the very jewel she had worn the day she vanished out of +sight! They looked earnestly upon it, and they saw within the border +(for it was wide) the tracery of certain small fine letters in the +ancient Cornish tongue, which said,-- + + "Beryan Erde, + Oyn und Perde!" + +Then came the priest of the Place of Morwenna, a gray and silent man! He +had served long years at a lonely altar, a bent and solitary form. But +he had been wise in the language of his youth, and he read the legend +thus-- + + "The earth must hide + Both eyes and pride!" + +Now, as he uttered these words, they stood in the Pleasance by the +mound; and on a sudden there was a low faint cry! They beheld, and O +wondrous and strange! there was a small dark creature, clothed in a soft +velvet skin, in texture and in hue like the Lady Alice her robe; and +they saw, as it went into the earth, that it moved along without eyes, +in everlasting night. Then the ancient priest wept, for he called to +mind all these things, and saw what they meant; and he showed them how +this was the maiden, who had been visited with doom for her pride. +Therefore her rich array had been changed into the skin of a creeping +thing and her large proud eyes were sealed up; and she herself had +become + + The first mole! + Of the hillocks of Cornwall! + +Ah! woe is me! and well-a-day! that damsel so stately and fair, sweet +Lady Alice of the Lea, should be made for a judgement--the dark mother +of the moles! + +Now take ye good heed, Cornish maidens, how ye put on vain apparel, to +win love. And cast down your eyes, all ye damsels of the west, and look +ye meekly on the ground! Be ye good and gentle, tender and true; and +when ye see your image in the glass, and begin to be lifted up with the +beauty of that shadowy thing, call to mind the maiden of Morwenna, her +noble eyes and comely countenance, the vesture of price and the +glittering ring. Sit ye by the wheel, as of old they sate and as ye draw +the lengthening wool, sing ye ever-more and say, + + "Beryan Erde, + Oyn and Perde!" + + * * * * * + +"A whistling Wife" &c.--I can supply another version of the couplet +quoted in "Folk Lore" (Vol. ii., p. 164.), which has the merit of being +more rhymical and mysterious. In what district it was current I know +not. + + "A whistling wife and a crowing hen + Will call the old gentleman out of his den." + +G.L.B. + + +_A Charm for Warts._--In some parts of Ireland, especially towards the +south, they place great faith in the following charm:--When a funeral is +passing by, they rub the warts and say three times, "May these warts and +this corpse pass away and never more return;" sometimes adding, "in the +name of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost." + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_"Hanging out the Broom"._--Besides the instance given by Mr. R.F. +Johnson (Vol. i., p. 384.), perhaps some of your readers can inform me +of the origin of a somewhat similar custom, applicable to all ships and +vessels for sale or hire, by the broom (all old one being generally +used) being attached to the mast-head: if of two masts, to the +foretop-mast head. + +WP. + + * * * * * + +LORD PLUNKET AND SAINT AGOBARD. + +Some of your readers may remember a speech in parliament by, as I think, +Lord Plunket, in which his lordship argued with great eloquence in +behalf of the Bill for the Emancipation of the Roman Catholics. Among +many passages therein of equal truth and rhetorical power, there was one +long afterwards much quoted, paraphrased, and praised. It was that in +which he reminded the House, that those for whom he pleaded were +fellow-subjects of the same race, offspring of the same Creator, alike +believers in the One true God, the equal recipients of His mercies, +appealing for {227} His blessings though the medium of the same faith, +and looking forward for salvation to the One Intercessor, Mediator, and +Sacrifice for all,--men, who, as they did, addressed the Eternal in the +form of that "Universal prayer"--Our Father--the authority and the +privilege of one common parentage, offered by the all in the union of +the same spirit, in the conviction of the same wants, in the aspiration +of the same hope. I say, I think Lord Plunket so spoke, for I write from +memory dating from the period when George the Third was king. Now be +this so: according to the dogmas of some critics, Lord Plunket may be +convicted of an eloquent plagiary. Read the following extract from a +missive by S. Agobard, to be found in the _Bibl. Vet. Patrum_, tome +xiii, page 429., by Galland, addressed "Ad præfatum Imperatorem, +adversus legem Gundobadi et impia certamina quæ per eam geruntur," and +say whether, in spite of the separation of centuries, there does not +appear a family likeness, though there were no family acquaintance +between them; Saint Agobard being Bishop of Lyons in the ninth centry, +and Lord Plunket Attorney-General for Ireland in the nineteenth. + +The Saint is pleading against the judical ordeal: + + "Illi autem profecti, prædicaverunt ubique Domino cooperante; + annuntiataque est ab eis omni creaturæ; id est, cunetis + nationibus mundi; una fides indita per Deum, una spes diffusa + per Spiritum Sanctum in cordibus credentium, una caritas nata in + omnibus, una voluntas, accensum unum desiderium, tradita una + oratio; ut omnes omnino ex diversis gentibus, diversis + conditionibus, diverso sexu, nobilitate, honestate, servitute + diversa, simul dicant uni Deo, et Patri omnium; Pater Noster qui + es, &c., sicut unum Patrem invocantes, ita unam santificationem + quærentes, unum regnum postulantes, unam adimpletionem + voluntatis ejus, sicut fit in coelo optantes; unum sibi panem + quotidianum dari precantes et omnibus dimitti debita." + +To which other passages might be added, as, in fact, S. Agobard pursues +the one idea until he hunts it down to the one effect of sameness and +common antithesis. Should we say Lord Plunket had read these passages, +and is thereby convicted of eloquent plagiary? I say, No! Lauder then +equally convicted Milton of trespassing on the thoughts of others, by +somewhat apposite quotations from the classics. We are, in truth, too +much inclined to this. The little, who cannot raise themselves to the +stature of the great, are apt to strive after a socialist level, by +reducing all to one same standard--their own. Truth is common to all +ages, and will obtain utterance by the truthful and the eloquent +throughout all time. + +S.H. + +Athenæum, August 12. + + * * * * * + +NOTES ON THE SECOND EDITION OF MR. CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK OF LONDON + +14. _Long Acre._ Mr. Cunningham, upon the authority of Parton's _History +of St. Giles's_, says: + + "First known as the Elms, then called Seven Acres, and since + 1612, from the length of a certain slip of ground, then first + used as a public pathway, as Long Acre." + +The latter part of this statement is incorrect. The Seven Acres were +known as _Long Acre_ as early as 1552, when they were granted to the +Earl of Bedford. See _Strype_, B. vi. p. 88. + +Machyn, in his _Diary_, printed by the Camden Society, p. 21., under the +date A.D. 1556, has the following allusion to the _Acre_: + + "The vj day of December the Abbot of Westminster went a + procession with his convent. Before him went all the Santuary + men with crosse keys upon their garments, and after went iij for + murder: on was the Lord Dacre's sone of the North, was wypyd + with a shett abowt him for kyllyng of on Master West, squyre, + dwellyng besyd ... and anodur theyff that dyd long to one of + Master Comtroller ... dyd kylle Recherd Eggylston the + Comtroller's tayller, and kylled him in the _Long Acurs_, the + bak-syd Charyng Crosse." + +15. _Norfolk House, St. James's Square._ The present Norfolk House was +built from a design by R. Brettingham, in 1742, by Thomas Duke of +Norfolk, and finished by his brother Edward in 1762. Mr. Cunningham +speaks as if the old house, in which George III. was born, was still +standing. + +16. _Soho Square._ Mr. Cunningham has not corrected his mistake about +Mrs. Cornelys's house in this square, (see "Notes and Queries," vol. i., +pp. 244, 450.). _D'Almaine's_, which Mr. Cunningham confounds with Mrs. +Cornelys's, was at a former period tenanted by the Duke of Argyll; then +by the Earl of Bradford; and, at a later time, by the celebrated Onslow, +who held his parliamentary levees in the principal drawing-room. The +ceilings of the best rooms are adorned with paintings by Rebecca and +Angelica Kauffman. + +Mr. Cunningham has taken some pains to destroy the _Pennant_ tradition +concerning the name of this square, but he has not given us one +important piece of information, i.e. that between the years 1674 and +1681, the ground was surveyed by _Gregory King_, an eminent architect of +those days, who projected the square with the adjacent streets. Query, +Did it not take the name of _King's_ Square from the architect? This +seems very probable; more especially as the statue of Charles I. was not +placed in the square until the beginning of the next century. The centre +space was originally occupied by a splendid fountain, (the work of +Colley Cibber's father), an estimate of the "cost and charges" of which +is now before me. + +Among the eminent inhabitants of this square, not noticed by Mr. +Cunningham, were the following:--Lord {228} Berkely, Lord Byron, Lord +Grimstone, Lord Howard, Lord Leicester, Sir Thomas Mansel, Lord Morpeth, +Lord Nottingham, Lord Peterborough, Lord Pierrepoint, Lord Pigot, Dudley +North, the Earl of Dartmouth, the Duchess of Cleveland, the Duchess of +Wharton, &c. These names appear in the books of the parish of St. Anne, +between the years of 1708 and 1772. + +17. _Surrey Institution._ At one period (about 1825), this building was +known as the _Blackfriars Rotundo_. Here that execrable character, +Robert Taylor, who styled himself "the Devil's Chaplain," delivered his +blasphemous discourses. + +18. _Opera House._ Mr. Cunningham, speaking of the translation of +_Arsinoe_, the first Anglo-Italian opera performed in this country, +says: "The translation was made by Thomas Clayton." This is an error, +for Clayton himself says, in his preface: "I was obliged to have an +Italian opera translated." Clayton was the composer of the music. + +19. _James's (St.) Chapel, St. James's Palace._ Mr. Cunningham says, +"The service is chanted by the boys of the Chapel Royal." This ought to +read, "The service is chaunted by the boys _and gentlemen_ of the Chapel +Royal" The musical service of our cathedrals and collegiate +establishments cannot be performed without four kinds of voices, treble, +alto, tenor, and bass. + +20. _Bagnigge Wells._ Mr. Cunningham makes a strange mistake concerning +this once popular place of amusement when he says, "first opened to the +public in the year 1767." A stone, still to be seen, let into the wall +over what was formerly the garden entrance, has the following +inscription: + + "S + T + This is Bagnigge + Hovse neare + The Pinder a + Wakefeilde + 1680." + +The gardens were first opened for the accommodation of persons who +partook of the mineral springs; subsequently, amusements were added; and +in Bickham's curious work, _The Musical Entertainer_ (circa 1738), is an +engraving of Tom Hippersley mounted in the "singing rostrum," regaling +the company with a song. About half a century after this date, a regular +orchestra was erected, and the entertainments resembled Marylebone +Gardens and Vauxhall. The old house and gardens were demolished in 1842, +to make room for several new streets. + +Edward F. Rimbault. + + * * * * * + +NOTES ON COLERIDGE'S AIDS TO REFLECTION + +(2nd Edition, 1831) + +Introductory Aphorisms, No. xii., p. 7.: + + "Tertullian had good reason for his assertation, that the + simplest Christian (if indeed a Christian) knows more than the + most accomplished irreligious philosopher." + +The passage referred to is in the Apology, c. 46: + + "Deum quilibet opifex Christianus et invenit et ostendit et + exinde totum, quod in Deo quæritur, re quoque assignat; licet + Plato affirmet factitatorem universitatis neque inveniri facilem + et inventum enarrari in omnes difficilem." + +Note to Aphorism xxxi., p. 30.: + + "To which he [Plato] may possibly have referred in his phrase + [Greek: theoparadotos sophia]." + +Possibly Coleridge may have borrowed this from Berkeley's _Siris_, § +301., where [Greek: theoparadotos philosophia] is cited from "a heathen +writer." The word [Greek: theoparadotos] occurs in Proclus and Marinus +(see Valpy's _Stephani Thesaurus_), but not in Plato. + +The motto from Seneca, prefixed to the Aphorisms on Spiritual Religion, +is from the fourty-first Epistle of that writer. + +The question from Tertullian in the Comment on the eight of those +Aphorisms, + + "Certum est quia impossibile est."--p. 199. + +is from the _De Carne Christi_, cap. v. + +Aphorism iv., p. 227.: + + "In wonder all philosophy began." + +See Plato's _Theætetus_ § 32., p. 155. Gataker on Antonin, i. 15. +Plutarch _de EI Delph_. cap. 2. p. 385 B. Sympos, v. 7., p. 680 C. +Aristot. _Metaph_. 1. 2. 9. + +In the "Sequelæ" annexed to this Aphorism, it is said of Simonides (p. +230.), that + + "_In the fortieth day_ of his mediation the sage and philosophic + poet abandoned the problem [of the nature of God] in despair." + +Cicero (_de nat. Deor._ i. 22. § 60.) and Minucius Felix (_Octav._ 13.) +do not specify the number of days during which Simonides deferred his +answer to Hiero. + +Aphorism x. On Original Sin. (note, p. 252.) [Greek: sunetois phonun], +&c., from Pindar, _Olymp._ ii. 85. (152.) + +Conclusion, p. 399.: + + "_Evidences_ of Christianity! I am weary of this word," &c. + +See the remarks on this passage in Archbishop Whately's _Logic_, +Appendix III., near the end. + +The quotation from Apuleius, at the end of the book (p. 403.), is from +the _Metamorphos._, i. 3. + +J.E.B. Mayor + +Marlborough College. + + * * * * * + +MINOR NOTES. + +_Capture of Henry VI._ (Vol. ii., p. 181.).--There are several errors in +this historical note. The name of the Dean of Windsor was Manning, not +{229} "Manting;" "Brungerly" should be Bungerley. One of the Talbots, of +Bashall Hall, could never be "High Sheriff for the West Riding," as the +Ridings of Yorkshire never had distinct sheriffs; neither was he sheriff +of the county. The particulars of the king's capture are thus related in +the chronicle called Warksworth's _Chronicle_, which has been printed by +the Camden Society:-- + + "Also, the same yere, kynge Henry was takene byside a howse of + religione [i.e. Whalley] in Lancashyre, by the mene of a blacke + monke of Abyngtone [Abingdon] in a wode called Cletherwode [the + wood of Clitheroe], besyde Bungerly hyppyngstones, by Thomas + Talbott, sonne and heyre to sere Edmunde Talbot of Basshalle, + and Jhon Talbott, his cosyne, of Colebry [i.e. Salebury, in + Blackburn], withe other moo; which discryvide [him] beynge at + his dynere at Wadyngton halle: and [he was] carryed to London on + horsebake, and his leges bownde to the styropes." + +I have substituted the word "discryvide" for "disseyvide," as it is +printed in the Camden Society's book, where the editor, Mr. Halliwell, +understood the passage as meaning that the king was deceived or +betrayed. I take the meaning to be that the black monk of Abingdon had +descried, or discovered, the king as he was eating his dinner at +Waddington Hall; whereupon the Talbots, and some other parties in the +neighbourhood, formed plans for his apprehension, and arrested him on +the first convenient opportunity, as he was crossing the ford across the +river Ribble, formed by the hyppyngstones at Bungerley. Waddington +belonged to Sir John Tempest, of Bracewell, who was the father-in-law of +Thomas Talbot. Both Sir John Tempest and Sir James Harrington of +Brierley, near Barnsley, were concerned in the king's capture, and each +received one hundred marks reward; but the fact of Sir Thomas Talbot +being the chief actor, is shown by his having received the larger reward +of 100£. Further particulars respecting these and other parties +concerned, will be found in the notes to Warksworth's _Chronicle_. The +chief residence of the unhappy monarch during his retreat was at Bolton +Hall, where his boots, his gloves, and a spoon, are still preserved, and +are engraved in Whitaker's _Craven_. An interior view of the ancient +hall at Bolton, which is still remaining, is engraved in the +_Gentleman's Magazine_ for May, 1841. Sir Ralph Pudsay, of Bolton, had +married Margaret, daughter of Sir Thomas Tunstal, who attended the king +as esquire of the body. + +JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS. + + +_Mentmore, Bucks, Notes from Register of._--Having recently had occasion +to go through the entire registers of the parish of Mentmore, Bucks, I +send you three extracts, not noticed by Lipscombe, the two first +relating to an extinct branch of the house of Hamilton, the third +illustrating the "Manners and Customs of the English" at the end of the +seventeenth century. + +"1732, William Hamilton, an infant son of Lord Viscount Limerick, Feb. +28." + +"1741. The Honourable Charles Hamilton, son of Lord Viscount Limerick, +Jan. 4." + +"Memorand. A beggar woman of Slapton, whipt at Mentmoir, July 5th, +1698." + +Q.D. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES + +JOHN JOKYN, OR JOACHIM, THE FRENCH AMBASSADOR. + +I am very desirous to be informed in what _French_ author I can find any +account of John Jokyn (Joachim?), who was ambassador to England from +France during the time of Cardinal Wolsey. I have looked into the +greater part of the French authors who have written historically on the +reign of François I. without having found any mention of such +personage--_L'Art de vérifier les Dates_, &c., without success. He is +frequently spoken of by English writers, and particularly in the _Union +of the Famelies of Lancastre and Yorke_, by Edward Halle, 1548, folios +135, 136, 139, 144, and 149.; at folio 144., 17th year of Hen. VIII., it +is stated:-- + + "There came over as ambassador from France, Jhon Jokyn, now + called M. de Vaux, which, as you have heard in the last year, + was kept secret in Master Lark's house; and when he came into + England he was welcomed of the Cardinal (Wolsey), and there + between them were such communications at the suit of the said + Jhon, that a truce was concluded from the 13th of July for forty + days between England and France, both on the sea, and beyond the + sea," &c. &c. + +This M. Jokyn, or Joachim, appears to have been a person of considerable +influence, and it appears his purpose on this mission was to bribe +Wolsey; and it seems that the Chancellor Duprat was aware of this, and +was much displeased on the occasion. + +AMICUS. +Aug 3, 1850. + + * * * * * + +SCRIPTURES, ROMAN CATHOLIC TRANSLATIONS OF, LUTHER'S FAMILIARITY WITH. + +The replies I have gained to previous Queries encourage me to trouble +you with the following:-- + +1. Has the Roman Catholic Church ever published a translation of the +Scriptures, or any part of them, into the vernacular _Irish_? Have their +missionaries in _China_ ever translated anything beyond the Epistles and +Gospels of the Missal? Or, is there any Roman Catholic translation into +any of the vernacular languages of _India_? Or, are there any versions +in any of the American dialects by Roman Catholic authors, besides those +mentioned by Le Long in his _Bibliotheca Sacra_. And is there any +continuation of his work up to {230} the present day? I am acquainted +with Bishop Marsh's volume, but he seems ill-informed and speaks vaguely +about Roman Catholic versions. + +2. What is the authority for the familiar story of a bill being brought +into parliament for the suppression of all vernacular translations in +Richard II.'s reign, and of its being stoutly opposed by John of Gaunt? +"What, are we the dregs of the earth not to hear the Scriptures in our +own tongue?" Usher mentions the circumstance (_Historia Dogmatica_, +&c.), and it is borrowed from him by Fox. But I am so ignorant as not to +know the original and cotemporary authority. + +3. Your learned correspondent, DR. MAITLAND, in his _Dark Ages_, snubs +D'Aubigné most unmercifully for repeating an old story about Luther's +stumbling upon a Bible, and pooh-pooh's D'Aubigné's authority, +Mathesius, as no better than a goose. May I ask whether it is possible +to discover the probable foundation of such a story, and whether Luther +has left us in his writings any account of his early familiarity with +Scripture, that would bear upon the alleged incident, and show how much +of it may be true? + +C.F.S. + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES + +_The Lost Tribes._--A list of all the theories and publications +respecting the ten tribes commonly called the Lost tribes, or any +communication concerning them, will much oblige. + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Partrige Family._--Can any of your readers inform me where I can see +the grant mentioned in the following _note_ taken from Strype's +_Ecclesiastical Memorials_, vol. iii. p. 542: "I find a grant to the +Lady Jane Partrige for life, of the manor of Kenne in Devon, of the +yearly value of 57l. 12s. 0-3/4d., but this not before April, 1553." Can +any of your readers tell me how to obtain access to a private act 1st +Mary, Sessio secunda. cap. 9., anno 1553, intituled, "An Act for the +Restitution in Blood of the Heirs of Sir Miles Partrige, Knight"? Strype +calls it an act for the restitution of the daughters of Sir Miles +Partrige, and I think he must be right, as I have primâ facie proof that +Sir Miles left no son. Were the debates on the acts of parliament +recorded in those days, and if so, how can they be seen? + +J. PARTRIGE. + +Birmingham. + + +_Commoner marrying a Peeress._--Formerly, when a commoner married a +peeress in her own right, he assumed her title and dignity. The right +was, I believe, disputed during the reign of Henry VIII., in the case of +the claimant of the barony of Talbois, when it was decided that no man +could take his wife's titles unless he had issue male by her, but, if +there were such issue, he became, as in cases of landed property, +"tenant by curtesy" of her dignities. Can any of your correspondents +inform me whether any subsequent decision has deprived of this right a +commoner marrying a peeress and having issue male by her? + +L.R.N. + + +_The Character "&."_--What is the correct name of the character "&?" I +have heard it called _ample-se-and_, _ampuzzánd_, _empuzád_, _ampássy_, +and _apples-and_,--all evident corruptions of one and the same word. +What is that word? + +M.A. LOWER. + + +_Combs buried with the Dead._--When the corpse of St. Cuthbert was +disinterred in the cathedral of Durham, there was found upon his breast +a plain simple Saxon _comb_. A similar relique has been also discovered +in other sepulchres of the same sanctuary. + +Can any of your learned contributors inform me (for I am totally +ignorant) the origin and intent of this strange accompaniment of the +burial of the ancient dead. The comb of St. Cuthbert is, I believe, +carefully preserved by the Dean and Chapter of Durham. + +R.S. HAWKER. + +Morwenstow, Cornwall. + + +_Cave's Historia Literaria._--My present Queries arise out of a Note +which I took of a passage in Adam Clarke's _Bibliography_, under the +article "W. Cave" (vol. ii. p. 161.). + +1. Has not the bibliographer assigned a wrong date to the publication of +Cave's _Historia Literaria_, viz. 1740, instead of 1688-1698? + +2. Will some of your readers do me the favour of mentioning the +successive editions of the _Historia Literaria_, together with the year +and the place of appearance of each of them? + +According to the _Biographia Britannica_ (ed. 2., "Cave, W."), this +learned work came out in the year above stated, and there were two +impressions printed at Geneva in 1705 and 1720 respectively. + +R.K.J. + + +_Julin._--Will DR. BELL, who adverts to the tradition of the doomed +city, _Julin_, in your last number (Vol. ii. p. 178.), oblige me by a +"Note" of the story as it is told by Adam of Bremen, whose work I am not +within reach of? I have long wanted to trace this legend. + +V. + +Belgravia, Aug. 17. 1850. + + +_Richardson Family._--Can of your correspondents inform me who "Mr. John +Richardson, of the Market Place, Leeds," was? he was living 1681 to 1700 +and after, and he made entries of the births of eleven children on the +leaves of an old book, and also an entry of the death of his wife, named +Lydea, who died 20th December, 1700. These entries are now in possession +of one of his daughters' descendants, who is desirous to know {231} of +what family Mr. Richardson was, who he married, and what was his +profession or business. + +T.N.I. + +Wakefield. + + +_Tobacco--its Arabic Name._--One of your correspondents, A.C.M. (Vol. +ii., p. 155.), wishes to know what is the Arabic word for _tobacco_ used +in Sale's _Koran_, ed. 8vo. p. 169. Perhaps, if he will refer to the +chapter and verse, or even specify _which_ is the 8vo. edition which he +quotes, some of your correspondents may be able to answer his Query. + +M.D. + + +_Pole Money._--Some time ago I made a copy of + + "A particular of all the names of the several persons within the + Lordship of Marston Montgomery (in Derbyshire), and of their + estates, according to the acts of parliament, for payment of + _pole money_ assessed by William Hall, constable, and others." + +This was some time between 1660 and 1681. And also of a like + + "Particular of names of the several persons within the same + lordship under the sum of _5l._, to _pole for_ according to the + acts of parliament." + +Can any of your correspondents inform me to what tax the above lists +applied, and what were the acts of parliament under which this tax (or +pole-money) was payable. + +T.N.I. + +Wakefield. + + +_Welsh Money._--I have never seen in any work on coins the slightest +allusion to the money of the native princes of Wales before the +subjugation of their country by Edward I. Is any such in existence? and, +if not, how is its disappearance to be accounted for? I read that +Athelstan imposed on the Welsh an annual tribute _in money_, which was +paid for many years. Query, In what sort of coin? + +J.C. Witton. + + +_A skeleton in every House._--Can you or any of your correspondents +explain the origin of that most significant saying "There is a skeleton +in every house?" Does it originate in some ghastly legend? + +Mors. + + + [Our correspondent is right in his conjecture. The saying is + derived from an Italian story, which is translated in the + _Italian Tales of Humour, Gallantry, and Romance_, published + some few years ago, with illustrations by Cruikshank.] + + +_Whetstone of Reproof._--Can any of your readers inform me who was the +author of the book with the following title? + + "The Whetstone of Reproofe, or a Reproving Censvre of the + misintitled Safe Way: declaring it by Discourie of the Authors + fraudulent Proceeding, and captious Cauilling, to be a miere + By-way, drawing pore Trauellers out of the royalle and common + Streete, and leading them deceitfully into a Path of Perdition. + With a Postscript of Advertisements, especially touching the + Homilie and Epistles attributed to Alfric: and a compendious + Retortiue Discussion of the misapplyed By-way. Avthor T.T. + Sacristan and Catholike Romanist.--Catvapoli, apud viduam Marci + Wyonis. Anno MDCXXXII." Sm. 8vo. pp. xvi. 570. 198. + +It is an answer to Sir Humphrey Lynd's _Via Tuta_ and _Via Devia_. In +Wood's _Ath. Oxon._, edit. Bliss, fol. ii. col. 602, two answers to the +_Via Tuta_ are mentioned; but this is not noticed. From the author +stating in the preface, "I confesse, Sir Humfrey, I am Tom Teltruth, who +cannot flatter or dissemble," I suppose the initials T.T. to be +fictitious. + +John I. Dredge. + + +_Morganatic Marriages.--Morganatique._--What is the derivation of this +word, and what its _actual signification_? + +In the _Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française_ (ed. 4to., 1835), the word +does not appear. In Boister's _Dictionnaire Universel_ (Bruxelles, 1835) +it is thus given:-- + + "Morganatique, _adj. 2 g._, nocturne, mystérieux, entrainée par + séduction; (mariage) mariage secret des princes d'Allemagne avec + une personne d'un rang inférieur." + +And the same definition is given by Landais (Paris, 4to., 1842), but +this does not give the derivation or literal signification of the word +"_morganatic_." It is not in Johnson's _Dictionary_; but in Smart's +_Dictionary Epitomized_ (Longman and Co., 1840) it is thus given:-- + + "Morganatic, _a._, applied to the marriage in which a gift in + the morning is to stand in lieu of dowry, or of all right of + inheritance, that might otherwise fall to the issue." + +This, however, is inconsistent with the definition of _nocturne_, +_mystérieux_, for the gift in lieu of dowry would have nothing of +mystery in it. + +Will some of your correspondents afford, if they can, any reasonable +explanation which justifies the application of the word to inferior or +left-handed marriages? + +G. + + + [Will our correspondent accept the following as a satisfactory + reply?] + +_Morganatic Marriage_ (Vol. ii, p. 72.).--The fairy Morgana was married +to a mortal. Is not this a sufficient explanation of the term morganatic +being applied to marriages where the parties are of unequal rank? + +S.S. + + +_Gospel of Distaffs._--Can any reader say where a copy of the _Gospel of +Distaffs_ may be accessible? It was printed by Wynkyn de Worde, and Sir +E. Brydges, who describes it, says a complete copy was in Mr. Heber's +library. A few leaves are found in Bagford's Collection, Harleian MS. +5919., which only raises the desire to see the whole. Dibdin's _Ames' +Typography_, vol. ii. p. 232., has an account of it. + +W. Bell. + + * * * * * {232} + + +REPLIES. + +POETA ANGLICUS. + +Every proof or disproof of statements continually made with regard to +the extravagant titles assumed, or complacently received, by the bishops +of Rome being both interesting and important, the inquiry of J.B. (Vol. +ii., p. 167.) is well deserving of a reply. Speaking of a passage cited +by Joannes Andreæ, in his gloss on the preface to the Clementines, he +asks, "who is the Anglicus Poeta?" and "what is the name of his poem," +in which it is said to the pope, "Nec Deus es nec homo, quasi neuter es +inter utrumque?" + +"Poetria nova" was the name assigned to the hexameter poem commencing, +"Papa stupor mundi," inscribed, about the year 1200, to the reigning +Pope, Innocent III., by Galfridus de Vino salvo. Of this work several +manuscript copies are to be met with in England. I will refer only to +two in the Bodleian, Laud. 850. 83.: Ken. Digb. 1665. 64. Polycarp +Leyser (_Hist. Poem. medii Ævi_) published it in 1721; and Mabillon has +set forth another performance by the same writer in elegiac verse (_Vet. +Analect._ pp. 369-76., Paris, 1723). In the latter case the author's +name is not given, and accordingly he is entered merely as "Poeta vetus" +in Mr. Dowling's _Notitia Scriptorum SS. Pat._, sc. p. 279., Oxon., +1839. Your correspondent may compare with Andreæ's extract these lines, +and those which follow them, p. 374.: + + "Papa brevis vox est, sed virtus nominis hujus + Perlustrat quiequid arcus uterque tenet." + +Galfridus evidently derived his surname from his treatise on vines and +wine; and he has been singularly unfortunate in the epithet, for I have +never seen VIN-SAUF correctly printed. It varies from "de Nine salvo" to +"_Mestisauf_." Pits and Oudin call him "Vinesalf" and Fabricius and +Mansi change him into "Vine fauf." + +The question now remains, Are the Roman Pontiffs and their Church +answerable for the toleration of such language? Uncertainty may on this +occasion be removed by our recollection of the fact, that a "Censura" +upon the glosses of the papal canon law, by Manriq, Master of the Sacred +Palace, was issued by the command of Pope Pius V. in 1572. It was +reprinted by Pappus, Argent. 1599, 12mo., and 1609, 8vo., and it +contains an order for the expurgation of the words before quoted, +together with the summary in the margin, "Papa nec Deus est nec homo," +which appears in every old edition; for instance, in that of Paris, +1532, sig. aa. iij. So far the matter looks well, and the prospect is +not hopeless. These glosses, however, were revised by another master of +the Apostolic Palace, Sixtus Fabri, and were edited, under the sanction +of Pope Gregory XIII., in the year 1580; and from this authentic +impression the impious panegyric has not been withdrawn. The marginal +abridgment has, in compliance with Manriq's direction, been +exterminated; and this additional note has been appended as a +palliative:-- + + "Hæc verba sano modo sunt accipienda: prolata enim sunt ad + ostendendum amplissimam esse Romani Pontificis + potestatem."--Col. 4. ed. Paris, 1585. + +R.G. + +_Poeta Anglicus_ (Vol ii., p. 167).--I cannot answer J.B.'s Queries; but +I have fallen upon a _cross scent_, which perchance may lead to their +discovery. + +1. Ioannes Pitseus, _de Scriptor. ad ann._ 1250, (_Relat. Histor. de +Rebus Anglicis_, ed. Par. 1619, p. 322.), gives the following account +"de Michaele Blaunpaino:"-- + + "Michael Blaunpainus, vulgo _Magister_ cognominatus, natione + Anglus, patria Cornubiensis, ... missus Oxonium, deinde + Parisios, ... præ cæteris se dedidit elegantiæ linguæ Latinæ, + fuitque inter præcipuos sui temporis _poetus_ per Angliam + potissimum et Galliam numeratus. Hunc subinde citat Textor in + Cornucopia sub nomine Michaelis _Anglici_.... In lucem emisit: + Historiarum Normanniæ, librum unum: Contra Henricum Abrincensem + versu. librum unum. Archipoeta vide, quod non sit. (_MS. in + Bibliotheca Lunleiana._) Epistolarum et carminum, librum unum. + Claruit anno Messiæ 1250, sub Henrici tertii regno." + +2. Valerius Andreas, however, gives a somewhat different account of +_Michael Anglicus_. In his _Biblioth. Belg._ ed. 8vo. Lovan, 1623, p. +609., he says: + + "Michael Anglicus, Bellimontensis, Hanno, I. V. Professor et + _Poeta_, scripsit: + + Eclogarum, libros iv., ad Episc. Parisien. + Eclogarum, libb. ii., ad Lud. Villerium. + De mutatione studiorum, lib. i. + Elegiam deprecatoriam. + + Et alia, quæ Paris. sunt typis edita. Hujus eruditionem et + Poemata Bapt. Mantuanus et Joannes Ravisius Testor epigrammate + commendarunt: hic etiam in Epithetis suis _Anglici_ auctoritatem + non semel adducit." + +3. Franciscus Sweertius (_Athenæ Belgricoe_, ed. Antv. 1628, p. 565.) +gives a similar account to this of Valerius Andreas. + +4. And the account given by Christopher Hendreich Brandebargca, (ed. +Berolini, 1699, p. 193.) is substantially the same; viz., + + "Anglicus Michael cognomine, sed natione Gallus, patria + Belmontensis, utriusque juris Professor, scripsit Eclogarum, + lib. iv. ad Episc." &c ... "Et diversorum carminum libros + aliquot, quæ omnia Parisiis impressa sunt. Claruit autem A.C. + 1500." + +5. Moreri takes notice of this apparent confusion made between two +different writers, who lived two centuries and a half apart. Speaking of +the later {233} of the two, he says (_Dictionnaire Historique_, Paris, +1759, tom. i. par. ii. p. 87.):-- + + "_Anglicus_ (Michel), natif de Beaumont dans le Hainaut, qui + vivoit dans le XVI. siècle, étoit poëte et professeur en droit. + Nous avons divers ouvrages de sa façon, des églogues, un traité + _de mutatione studiorum_, &c. (Valer. Andreas, _Bibl. Belg._) + Quelques auteurs l'ont confondu avec Michel Blaumpain. (Voyez + Blaumpain.)" #/ + +Of the earlier Anglicus, Moreri says (ubi sup., tom. ii. par. i. p. +506.): + + "Blaumpain (Michel) surnommé _Magister_, Anglois de nation, et + _Poëte_, qui vivoit vers l'an 1250. Il est nommé par quelques-un + _Michel Anglicus_. Mais il y a plus d'apparence que c'étoient + deux auteurs différens; dont l'un composa une histoire de + Normandie, et un traité contre Henri d'Avranches; et l'autre + laissa quelques pièces de poësies;--Eclogarum, libri iv., ad + Episcopum Parisiensem; Eclogarum, libri ii., ad Ludovicum + Villerium, De mutatione studioram, Elogia deprecatoria, &c. + Baptiste Mantuan parle de Michel Anglicus, qui étoit de Beaumont + dans l'Hainault. (Pitseus, _De Script. Angl._ p. 322.; Valerius + Andreas in _Bibl_, p. 670.)" + +Perhaps some of your readers may have access to a copy of the _Paris +impression_ of Michael Anglicus, mentioned by Andreas, Sweertius, and +Hendreich. J.B. will not need to be reminded of these words of Innocent +III., in his first serm. de consecr. Pont. Max., in which he claimed, as +St. Peter's successor, to be + + "Inter Deum et hominem medius constitutus; citra Deum, sed ultra + hominem; minor Deo, sed major homine: qui de omnibus judicat, et + a nemine judicatur."--_Innocentii tertii Op._, ed. Colon. 1575, + tom. i., p. 189. + +Did the claim _originate_ with Pope Innocent? + +J. Sansom. + + * * * * * + +CAXTON'S PRINTING-OFFICE. + +I must protest against the manner in which Arun (Vol. ii., p. 187.) has +proceeded with the discussion of Caxton's printing at Westminster. +Though writing anonymously himself, he has not hesitated to charge me by +name with a desire to impeach the accuracy of Mr. C. Knight's _Life of +Caxton_, of which, and of other works of the same series, he then +volunteers as the champion, as if they, or any one of them, were the +object of a general attack. This is especially unfair, as I made the +slightest possible allusion to Mr. Knight's work, and may confess I have +as yet seen no more of it than the passage quoted by ARUN himself. Any +such admixture of personal imputations is decidedly to be deprecated, as +being likely to militate against the sober investigation of truth which +has hitherto characterised the pages of "NOTES AND QUERIES." ARUN also +chooses to say that the only question which is material, is, Who was +Caxton's patron? i.e. who was the Abbot of Westminster at the time,--who +may not, after all, have actively interfered in the matter. This +question remains in some doubt; but it was not the question with which +DR. RIMBAULT commenced the discussion. The object of that gentleman's +inquiry (Vol. ii., p. 99.) was, the particular spot where Caxton's press +was fixed. From a misapprehension of the passage in Stow, a current +opinion has obtained that the first English press was erected within the +abbey-church, and in the chapel of St. Anne; and Dr. Dibdin conjectured +that the chapel of St. Anne stood on the site of Henry VII.'s chapel. +The correction of this vulgar error is, I submit, by no means +immaterial; especially at a time when a great effort is made to +propagate it by the publication of a print, representing "William Caxton +examining the first proof sheet from his printing-press in Westminster +Abbey;" the engraving of which is to be "of the size of the favourite +print of Bolton Abbey:" where the draftsman has deliberately represented +the printers at work within the consecrated walls of the church itself! +When a less careless reader than Dr. Dibdin consults the passage of +Stow, he finds that the chapel of St. Anne stood in the opposite +direction from the church to the site of Henry VII.'s chapel, i.e. +within the court of the Almonry; and that Caxton's press was also set up +in the Almonry, though not (so far as appears, or is probable) within +that chapel. The second question is, When did Caxton first set up his +press in this place? And the third, the answer to which depends on the +preceding, is, Who was the abbot who gave him admission? Now it is true, +as ARUN remarks, that the introduction of Abbot Islip's name is traced +up to Stow in the year 1603: and, as Mr. Knight has observed, "the +careful historian of London here committed one error," because John +Islip did not become Abbot of Westminster until 1500. The entire passage +of Stow has been quoted by DR. RIMBAULT in "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vol. +ii., p. 99.; it states that in the Almonry-- + + "Islip, abbot of Westminster, erected the first press of + book-printing that ever was in England, about the year 1471." + +Now, it appears that the various authors of repute, who have given the +point their consideration, as the editor of Dugdale's _Monasticon_ (Sir +Henry Ellis), and Mr. Cunningham in his _Handbook_, affirm that it is +John Esteney who became abbot in 1474 or 1475, and not Thomas Milling, +who was abbot in 1471, whose name should be substituted for that of +Islip. In that case, Stowe committed two errors instead of one; he was +wrong in his date as well as his name. It is to this point that I +directed my remarks, which are printed in Vol. ii., p. 142. We have +hitherto no evidence that Caxton {234} printed at Westminster before the +year 1477, six years later than mentioned by Stow. + +JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS. + + * * * * * + +THE USE OF COFFINS. + +The Query of H.E. (Vol. i., p. 321.) seems to infer that the use of +coffins may be only a modern custom. In book xxiii., chapters i. and +ii., of Bingham's _Antiquities of the Christian Church_, H.E. will find +ample proof of the very early use of coffins. During the first three +centuries of the Church, one great distinction betwixt Heathens and +Christians was, that the former burned their dead, and placed the bones +and ashes in urns; whilst the latter always buried the corpse, either in +a coffin or, embalmed, in a catacomb; so that it might be restored at +the last day from its original dust. There have frequently been dug out +of the barrows which contain Roman urns, ancient British stone coffins. +Bede mentions that the Saxons buried their dead in wood. Coffins both of +lead and iron were constructed at a very early period. When the royal +vaults at St. Denis were desecrated, during the first French revolution, +coffins were exposed that had lain there for ages. + +Notwithstanding all this, it appears to be the case that, both in the +Norman and English periods, the common people of this country were often +wrapped in a sere-cloth after death, and so placed, coffinless, in the +earth. The illuminations in the old missals represent this. And it is +not impossible that the extract from the "Table of Dutyes," on which +H.E. founds his inquiry, may refer to a lingering continuance of this +rude custom. Indeed, a statute passed in 1678, ordering that all dead +bodies shall be interred in woollen and no other material, is so worded +as to give the idea that there might be interments without coffins. The +statute forbids that any person be put in, wrapt, or wound up, or buried +in any shirt, shift, sheet, or shroud, unless made of sheep's wool only; +or in any coffin lined or faced with any material but sheep's wool; as +if the person might be buried either in a garment, or in a coffin, so +long as the former was made of, or the latter lined with, wool. + +I think the "buryall without a coffin," quoted by H.E., must have +referred to the interment of the poorest class. Their friends, being +unable to provide a coffin, conformed to an old rude custom, which had +not entirely ceased. + +Alfred Gatty + + * * * * * + +SHAKSPEARE'S USE OF THE WORD "DELIGHTED". + +If the passage from _Measure for Measure_, which has been the subject of +much controversy in your recent numbers, be read in its natural +sense--there is surely nothing unintelligible in the word "delighted" as +there used. + +The object of the poet was to show how instinctively the mind shudders +at the change produced by death--both on body and soul; and how +repulsive it must be to an active and sentient being. + +He therefore places in frightful contrast the condition of _each_ before +and after that awful change. The BODY, _now_ endowed with "sensible warm +motion," to become in death "a kneaded clod," to "lie in cold +obstruction, and to rot." The SPIRIT, _now_ "delighted" (all full of +delight), to become in death utterly powerless, an unconscious--passive +thing--"imprisoned in the viewless winds, and blown with restless +violence round about the pendant world," how intolerable the thought, +and how repulsive the contrast! It is _not_ in its state _after death_, +but _during life_, that the poet represents the spirit to be a +"delighted one." If we fall into the error of supposing him to refer to +the _former_ period, we are compelled to alter our text, in order to +make the passage intelligible, or invent some new meaning to the word +"delighted," and, at the same time, we deprive the passage of the strong +antithesis in which all its spirit and force consists. It is this strong +antithesis, this painfully marked contrast between the two states of +_each, body_ and _spirit_, which displays the power and skill of the +poet in handling the subject. Without it, the passage loses half its +meaning. + +MR. HICKSON will not, I hope, accuse one who is no critic for presuming +to offer this suggestion. I tender it with diffidence, being conscious +that, although a passionate admirer of the great bard, I am all +unlearned in the art of criticism, "a plain unlettered man," and +therefore simply take what is set before me in its natural sense, as +well as I may, without searching for recondite interpretations. On this +account, I feel doubly the necessity of apologising for interfering with +the labours of so learned and able a commentator as MR. HICKSON has +shown himself to be. + +L.B.L. + + * * * * * + +VENTRILOQUISM + +(Vol. ii., p. 88.) + +Plutarch (tom. ii., p. 397.D.) has these words: + + [Greek: "Ou gar esti theou hae gaerus oude ho phthoggos, oude he + lexis, oude to metron, alla taes yunaikos: ekeinos de monas tas + phantasias paristaesi, kau phos en tae psuchae poiei pros to + mellon."] + +If that be the passage referred to be Rollin, nothing is said there +about ventriloquism. The Scholiast on Aristoph. (_Plut._ 39.) tells us +how the Pythian received the _afflatus_, but says nothing about her +_speaking_ from her belly: He only has + + [Greek: "Ta taes manteias hae mallon manias ephtheggeto + hraemata."] + +In another place of Plutarch (tom. ii., p. 414. E.) we have [Greek: +eggastrimuthoi] and [Greek: puthones] used as synonymous words to +express persons into whose bodies the god might be supposed to enter, +"using their {235} bodies and voices as instruments." The only word in +that passage which appears to hint at what we call ventriloquism is +[Greek: hupophtheggesthai]. + +I have very little doubt that amongst the various tricks of ancient +divination ventriloquism found a place; but I cannot give that direct +evidence which MR. SANSOM asks for. I think it very likely that "_the +wizards that peep and mutter_" (Isa. viii. 19.) were of this class; but +it is not clear that the [Hebrew: 'obot]--the [Greek eggastrimuthoi] of +the LXX.--were so. The English version has "them that have familiar +spirits." The Hebrew word signifies _bottles_; and this may mean no more +than that the spirit of divination was contained in the person's body as +in a bottle, "using his body and his voice as instruments," as in the +place of Plutarch quoted above. We have something like this, Acts, xix. +15., where "the evil spirit answered," no doubt in the voice of the +demoniac, "Jesus I know," &c. Michaelis (Suppl., p. 39.) gives a +different meaning and etymology to [Hebrew: 'obot]. He derives it from +the Arabic, which signifies (1) _rediit_, (2) _occidit_ sol, (3) _noctu +venit_ or _noctu aliquid fecit_. The first and third of these meanings +will make it applicable to the [Greek: nekromanteia] (of which the witch +of Endor was a practitioner), which was carried on at night. See Hor. +_Sat._ I. ix. + +I do not think that the damsel mentioned Acts, xvi. 16. was a +ventriloquist. The use of the word [Greek: ekraze] in the next verse, +would lead us to infer that she spoke in a loud voice _with her mouth +open_; whereas the [Greek: eggastrimuthoi] are defined by Galen +(_Glossar. Hippocr._) as [Greek: oi kekleismenou tou stomatos +phthengomenoi]. + +Consult Vitringa and Rosenmüller on Isa. viii. 19., Wolf and Kuinoel on +Acts, xvi. 16., Biscoe on the Acts, ch. viii. §2; where references will +be found to many works which will satisfy Mr. SANSOM better than this +meagre note. + +[Hebrew: B] + +_Ventriloquism_ (Vol. ii., p. 88.).--In reply to Query 1, I wish to call +Mr. SANSOM'S attention to _Plutarch de Oraculorum defectu_ (Lipsiæ, +1777, vol. vii. p. 632.), and to Webster's _Displaying of supposed +Witchcraft_ (chaps. vi. and viii.). Queries 2 and 3. Besides the +extraordinary work of Webster, he may consult the elaborate +dissertations of Allatius on these subjects, in the eighth volume of +_Critici Sacri_. Query 4. On the use of the term [Greek: eggastrimuthos] +by the sacred writers, _Ravanelli Biblioth. S._, and by classical +authors, _Foesii Oeconomia Hippocratis_; and for synonymous "divinorum +ministrorum nomina," _Pollucis Onomasticon_. + +T.J. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_Earl of Oxford's Patent_ (Vol. ii., p. 194.).--M.'s quotation from the +_Weekly Oracle_ relates to Harley's having been stabbed at the +council-table by the Sieur de Guiscard, a French Papist, brought up for +examination 8th March, 1711. The escape of the Chancellor of the +Exchequer was the subject of an address from both Houses to the Queen; +and upon his being sufficiently recovered to resume his seat, the +Speaker delivered to him the unanimous congratulations of the House of +Commons. Harley was shortly after created Earl of Oxford, by patent +bearing date 24th May, 1711, which recites, _inter alia_,-- + + "Since, therefore, the two Houses of Parliament have declared + that the fidelity and affection he has expressed in our service + have exposed him to the hatred of wicked men, _and the desperate + rage of a villanous parricide_, since they have congratulated + his escape from such imminent dangers, and put us in mind that + he might not be preserved in vain, we willingly comply with + their desires, and grant him who comes so honourably recommended + by the votes of our Parliament, a place among our peer," &c. + &c.--Collin's _Peerage_, vol. iv. p. 260. edit. 1789. + +Guiscard died in Newgate of the wounds which he received in the scuffle +when he was secured. + +BRAYBROOKE. + + [O.P.Q., who has kindly replied to M.'s inquiry, has appended to + his answer the following Query:--"Is Smollett justified in using + the words _assassin_ and _assassinate_, as applied to cases of + intended homicide, when death did not ensue?"] + + +_The Darby Ram_ (Vol. ii., p. 71.).--There is a whimsical little volume, +which, as it relates mainly to local matters, may not have come under +the notice of many of your readers, to which I would refer your querist +H.W. + +It is entitled,-- + + "Gimcrackiana, or Fugitive Pieces on Manchester Men and Manners + ten years ago. Manchester, 1833." cr. 8vo. + +It is anonymous, but I believe truly ascribed to a clever young +bookseller of the name of J.S. Gregson, since dead. + +At page 185. he gives twelve stanzas of this ballad, as the most perfect +copy from the oral chronicle of his greatgrandmother. + +In _The Ballad Book_ (Edinb. 1827, 12mo.), there is another entitled +"The Ram of Diram," of a similar kind, but consisting of only six verses +and chorus. And the _Dublin Penny Journal_, vol. i., p. 283., contains a +prose story, entitled "Darby and the Ram," of the same veracious nature. + +F.R.A. + + +_Rotten Row and Stockwell Street._--R.R., of Glasgow, inquires the +etymology of these names (Vol. i., p. 441.). The etymology of the first +word possesses some interest, perhaps, at the present time, owing to the +name of the site of the intended Exhibition from all Nations in Hyde +Park. I sent to the publishers of _Glasgow Delineated_, {236} which was +printed at the University press in 1826, a contradiction of the usual +origin of the name adopted in that city, showing the impossibility of +the expression bearing any reference to the dissoluteness or immorality +of the former residents, and also contradicting its having any thing to +do with "rats," or "rattons," _Scotticè_; although, in 1458, the "Vicus +Rattonum" is the term actually used in the Archbishop of Glasgow's +chartulary. My observations, which were published in a note, concluded +as follows: + + "The name, however, may be also traced to a very remote and + classic origin, although we are not aware that it has hitherto + been condescended on. In ancient Rome was what was called the + Ratumena Porta, 'a nomine ejus appellata (says Gessner in his + Latin _Thesaurus_) qui ludiero certamine quadrigis victor + juvenis Veiis consternatis equis excussus Romæ periit, qui equi + feruntur non ante constitisse quam pervenirent in Capitolium.' + The same story is related by Pliny, from whom and other authors, + it appears that the word Ratumena was then as proverbially + applied to jockies as Jehu in our own days. From the + circumstance of the Rotten Row Port (of Glasgow) having stood at + the west end of this street, and the Stable Green Port near the + east end, which also led to the Archbishop's castle, it is + probably not only that it was the street through which + processions would generally proceed, but that the port alluded + to, and after it the street in question, were dignified by the + more learned of our ancestors with the Roman name of which, or + of the Latin Rota, the present appears a very natural + corruption." + +I may here refer to Facciolati's _Dictionary, voce_ "Ratumena Porta," as +well as Gessner's. + +As to _Stockwell_, also a common name, it is obviously indicative of the +particular kind of well at the street, by which the water was lifted not +by a wheel, nor by a pump, nor a pulley, but by a beam poised on or +formed by a large _stock_, or _block of wood_. + +Lambda. + + +_Hornbooks_ (Vol. ii., p. 167.).--Mr. Timbs will find an account of +hornbooks, with a woodcut of one of the time of Queen Elizabeth, in Mr. +Halliwell's _Notices of Fugitive Tracts_, printed by the Percy Society, +1849. Your readers would confer a favour on Mr. Timbs and myself by the +communication of any additional information. + +R. + + +_Passages from Shakspeare_ (Vol. ii., p. 135.).-- + + _Ang._ We are all frail. + + _Isab._ Else let my brother die, + If not a feodary, but only he + Owe, and succeed thy weakness. + + _Ang._ Nay, women are frail too. + + _Measure for Measure_, Act. ii. Sc. 4. + +I should paraphrase Isabella's remarks thus:-- + + "If it be otherwise, if we are not all frail as thou sayest, + then let my brother die, unless he be but in the same case as + others; if he alone possess and follow thee in that particular + frailty to which thou has half confessed." + +A feodary, I should observe, was an officer of the Court of Wards, who +was joined with the escheator and did not act singly; I conceive +therefore that Shakspeare by this expression indicates an associate; one +in the same plight as others; negatively, one who does not stand alone. +In _Cymbeline_, Act iii. Sc. 2., we read: + + "Senseless bauble, + Art thou a _feodary_ for this act, and lookst + So virgin-like without?" + +where feodary clearly means confederate, associate. According to some, +the word signifies one who holds land by the same tenure as the rest of +mankind; whilst Mr. Knight, in a note on _Henry IV_. Part i. Act i. +endeavors to show that it includes both the companion and the feudal +vassal. + +"To owe" is frequently used by Shakspeare in the sense of to possess, to +own, as in Act i. Sc. 5. where Lucio says: + + "But when they weep and kneel, + All their petitions are as freely theirs + As they themselves would _owe_ them." + +So also in the following instances:-- + + "The slaughter of the prince that _ow'd_ that crown." + + _Richard III._, Act. iv. Sc. 4. + + "What art thou, that keepst me out from the house I + _owe_?" + + _Comedy of Errors_, Act iii. Sc. 1. + + "Then thou alone kingdoms of hearts shouldst _owe_." + + _Sonnet_ lxx. + +Further examples will be found in _A Lover's Complaint_, the last line +but two; _Pericles_, Act v. Sc. 1.; _Twelfth Night_, Act. i Sc. 5., +_Love's Labour's Lost_, Act i. Sc. 2.; _King John_, Act ii. Sc. 1.; +_King Lear_, Act i. Sc. 4. + +As the passage is allowed to be obscure, this attempt to explain its +meaning is submitted with great deference to the opinions of your +readers. + +Arun. + + +_Mildew in Books_ (Vol. ii., p. 103.).--In answer to B. I mention that +the following facts connected with mildew in books have been elicited. + +The mildew referred to is that which shows itself in the form of +roundish or irregular brown spots. + +It is usually most abundant in those parts which are most exposed to the +air. + +In making a microscopic examination of the spots, I ascertained that +there was no new structure present; but in manipulating I found that +these spots absorbed water more rapidly than the rest of the paper. + +On applying litmus, these spots were found to have a powerful acid +reaction. + +On submitting the matter to a chemical friend, he ascertained that the +acid in question was the sulphuric, or oil of vitriol. Experiments were +then made with a dilute solution of this acid on {237} clean paper, and +spots were produced similar to those of mildew. + +The acid does not naturally exist in paper, and its presence can only be +accounted for by supposing that the paper has been bleached by the fumes +of sulphur. This produces sulphurous acid, which, by the influence of +atmospheric air and moisture, is slowly converted into sulphuric, and +then produces the mildew. As this may be shown to be an absolute +_charring_ of the fibres of which the paper is composed, it is to be +feared that it cannot be cured. After the process has once commenced, it +can only be checked by the utmost attention to dryness, moisture being +indispensable to its extension, and vice versâ. + +I do not know whether these facts are generally known, but they would +seem to be very important to paper-makers. + +T.I. + + +_Pilgrims' Road to Canterbury_ (Vol. ii., p. 199.).--Your correspondent +PHILO-CHAUCER, I presume, desires to know the old route to Canterbury. I +should imagine that at the time of Chaucer a great part of the country +was uncultivated and uninclosed, and a horse-track in parts of the route +was probably the nearest approximation to a road. At the present day, +crossing the London road at Wrotham, and skirting the base of the chalk +hills, there is a narrow lane which I have heard _called_ "the Pilgrims' +road," and this, I suppose, is in fact the old Canterbury road; though +how near to London or Canterbury it has a distinct existence, and to +what extent it may have been absorbed in other roads, I am not able to +say. The title of "Pilgrims' road" I take to be a piece of modern +antiquarianism. In the immediate vicinity of this portion there are some +druidical remains: some at Addington, and a portion of a small circle +tolerably distinct in a field and lane between, I think, Trottescliffe +and Ryarsh. In the absence of better information, you may perhaps make +use of this. + +S.H. + + +_Abbé Strickland_ (Vol. ii, p. 198.), of whom I.W.H. asks for +information, is mentioned by _Cox_, in his _Memoirs of Sir Robert +Walpole_, t. i. p. 442., and t. iii. p. 174. + +D. ROCK. + + +_Etymology of Totnes._--The Query of J.M.B. (Vol. i., p 470.) not having +been as yet answered, I venture to offer a few notes on the subject; +and, mindful of your exhortation to brevity, compress my remarks into +the smallest possible compass, though the details of research which +might be indulged in, would call for a dissertation rather them a Note. + +That Totnes is a place of extreme antiquity as a British town cannot be +doubted; first, from the site and character of its venerable hill +fortress; secondly, from the fact that the chief of the four great +British and Roman roads, the Fosse-way, commenced there--"The ferthe of +thisse is most of alle that tilleth from Toteneis ... From the +south-west to north-east into Englonde's end;" and, thirdly, from the +mention of it, and the antiquity assigned to it by our earliest annals +and chronicles. Without entering into the question of the full +authenticity of Brute and the _Saxon Chronicle_, or the implicit +adoption of the legendry tales of Havillan and Geoffry of Monmouth, the +concurring testimony of those records, with the voice of tradition, the +stone of the landing, and the fact that the town is seated at the head +of an estuary the most accessible, the most sheltered, and the best +suited of any on the south-western coast for the invasion of such a +class of vessels as were those of the early navigators, abundantly +warrant the admission that it was the landing-place of some mighty +leader at a very early period of our history. + +And now to the point of the etymology of _Totenais_, as it stands in +Domesday Book. We may, I think, safely dismiss the derivation suggested +by Westcote, on the authority of Leland, and every thing like it derived +from the French, as well as the unknown tongue which he adopts in +"Dodonesse." That we are warranted in seeking to the Anglo-Saxon for +etymology in this instance is shown by the fact, that the names of +places in Devon are very generally derived from that language; e.g. +taking a few only in the neighbourhood of Totnes--Berry, Buckyatt, +Dartington, Halwell, Harberton, Hamstead, Hempstin, Stancombe. + +First, of the termination _ais_ or _eis_. The names of many places of +inferior consequence in Devon end in _hays_, from the Ang.-Saxon _heag_, +a hedge or inclosure; but this rarely, if ever, designates a town or a +place beyond a farmstead, and seems to have been of later application as +to a new location or subinfeudation; for it is never found in Domesday +Book. In that ancient record the word _aisse_ is often found alone, and +often as a prefix and as a terminal; e.g., Aisbertone, Niresse, +Aisseford, Aisselie, &c. This is the Ang.-Saxon _Aesc_, an ash; and it +is uniformly so rendered in English: but it also means a ship or boat, +as built of ash. _Toten_, the major of the name, is, I have no doubt, +the genitive of _Tohta_, "dux, herzog," a leader or commander. Thus we +have _Tohtanoesc_, the vessel of the leader, or the commander's +ship,--commemorating the fact that the boat of some great invader was +brought to land at this place. + +S.S.S + + +_Ædricus qui Signa fundebat_ (Vol. ii., p. 199), must surely have been a +bell-founder: signum is a very common word, in mediæval writings, for a +"bell." + +D. ROCK + + +_Fiz-gig_ (Vol. ii, p. 120).--I had expected that your Querist C.B. +would have received an {238} immediate reply to his Query as to the +meaning of _fiz-gig_, because the word is in Johnson's _Dictionary_, +where he may also see the line from Sandys' _Job_, in which it caught +his attention. + +You may as well, therefore, tell him two things,--that _fiz-gig_ means a +fish-cart and that Querists should abstain from soliciting your aid in +all cases where a common dictionary would give them the information they +want. + +H.W. + + +_Guineas_ (Vol. ii., p. 10.).--The coin named in the document quoted by +A.J.H. is the _Guiennois_ a gold piece struck at Guienne by Edward III., +and also by his son the Black Prince. It is not likely that the +Guiennois was the original of the name given to the new gold coin of +Charles II., because it could have had no claim to preference beyond the +_Mouton_, the _Chaise_, the _Pavillon_, or any other old Anglo-Gallic +coin. I think we may rest contented with the statement of Leake (who +wrote not much more than half a century after the event), and who says +that the _Guinea_ was so called from the gold of which it was made +having been brought from Guinea by the African Company, whose stamp of +an elephant was ordered to be impressed upon it. + +J.C. Witton. + + +_Numismatics._--My thanks are due to Mr. J.C. Witton (Vol. ii., p. 42.) +for his replies to my Numismatic Queries, though I cannot coincide with +his opinion on Nos. 1. and 3. + +No ancient forger would have taken the pains to cut a die to strike lead +from; and my specimen, from its sharpness, has clearly never been in +circulation: why may it not have been a proof from the original die? + +Of No. 2. I have since been shown several specimens, which had before, I +suppose, escaped my notice. + +On the coin of Macrinus, the letter below the S.C. now clearly appears +to be an [Greek: eta], but the one above is not a [Greek: Delta], but +rather an L or inverted T. It cannot stand for [Greek: Lykabas], as on +the Egyptian coinage, as Macrinus was slain by his soldiers the year +after his accession. + +The Etruscilla, even under a powerful magnifier, betrays no trace of +ever having been plated and has all the marks by which numismatists +determine the genuineness of a coin. The absence of S.C., I must remind +Mr. W., is not uncommon on _third_ brass, though of course it always +appears on the first and second. + +I need go no farther than the one just mentioned of Tiberius, which has +no S.C., and I possess several others which are deficient in this +particular, a Severus Alexander, Elagabalus, &c. After Gallienus it +never appears. + +E.S.T. + + +_Querela Cantabrigiensis_ (Vol. ii, p. 168.).--Dr. Peter Barwick, in the +life of his brother, Dr. Jno. Barwick (Eng. Edit. Lond. 1724, 8vo.), +after describing the treatment of the University by Cromwell, adds (p. +32.) "But Mr. Barwick, no inconsiderable part of this tragedy, together +with others of the University, groaning under the same yoke of tyranny, +and each taking a particular account of the sufferings of his own +college, gave a distinct narrative of all these barbarities, and under +the title of _Querela Cantabrigiensis_, or the _University of +Cambridge's Complaint_, got it printed by the care of Mr. R---- B----, +bookseller of _London_ who did great service to his King and country, by +printing, and dispersing in the most difficult times, books written in +defence of the royal cause." See also _Biog. Brit._, article "Barwick". + +John I. Dredge. + + +_Ben Johnson_ (Vol. ii., p. 167.)--So the name was spelt by most of his +contemporaries. The poem mentioned by N.A.B. is printed in the +_Underwoods_, Gifford's edition, ix., 68; but the MS. may contain +variations worthy of notice. I should doubt its being autograph, not +merely because the poet spelt his name without the _h_, but because the +verses in question are only part of his _Eupheme_. + +J.O. Halliwell. + + +_Barclay's "Argenis"._--Since I sent you a Query on this subject, I have +heard of _one_ translation, by Miss Clara Reeve, the authoress of _The +Old English Baron_ and other works. She commenced her literary career, I +believe, by a translation of this work, which she published in 1772, +under the title of _The Phoenix_. + +Jarltzberg. + + +_Hockey_ (Vol. i., p. 457.).--I have not observed that this has been yet +noticed: if such be the case, permit me to refer to a letter of the poet +Cowper, dated 5th Nov., 1785 (5th vol. _Works_, edit. by Southey, p. +174.) in which, alluding to that day, he says, + + "The boys at Olney have likewise a very entertaining sport which + commences annually upon this day; they call it _hockey_, and it + consists in dashing each other with mud, and the windows also, + so that I am forced to rise now and then and to threaten them + with a horsewhip, to preserve our own." + +F.R.A. + + +_Praed's Poetical Works_ (Vol. ii., p. 190.).--Your Cambridge +correspondent, Mr. Cooper, will be glad to know that Praed's _poems_ are +published in a collected form; _Poetical Works of Winthrop Mackworth +Praed, now first collected by Rufus W. Griswold; New York_, 1844. This +collection contains some thirty-six pieces. The longest poems, "Lillian" +and "The Troubadour," each in two cantos, display passages of great +beauty and exquisite musical flow. Among the charades, five in number, +"Sir Harry, he charged at Agincourt", is not to be found. + +W.M. Kingsmill. + + * * * * * {239} + + +MISCELLANEOUS + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +We announced, after the last Annual Meetings of the Shakspeare Society, +that it had been determined to publish a complete set of the Plays of +one of Shakspeare's most prolific and interesting contemporaries, Thomas +Heywood; and that the first volume of such collection, containing Six +Plays, was then ready. A further contribution towards this collection, +containing _The Royal King and Loyal Subject_, which has not been +reprinted since the old edition of 1637, and his very popular drama, _A +Woman killed with Kindness_, has just been issued, with an Introduction +and Notes by J. Payne Collier, Esq., the zealous and indefatigable +Director of the Society, and will, we are sure, be welcomed by every +lover of our early drama. The Shakspeare Society will, indeed, do good +service to the cause of our early literature if it prove the means of +securing us, a uniform series of the works of such of our Elizabethan +dramatists as do not stand sufficiently high in the opinion of the +uninitiated, to tempt the publishing world to put forth their +productions in a collected form. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--John Petheram's (94. High +Holborn) Catalogue, Part CXV. (No. 9. for 1850), of Old and New Books; +Cole's (15. Great Turnstile) List, No. XXVIII., of Useful Second-hand +Books. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +Diurnal Readings, 1 vol. 8vo. + +Scottish Poems collected by Pinkerton, 2 vols. sm. 8vo., 1792. + +ODD VOLUMES + +Bell's Shakspeare's Plays and Poems. Vol. I. + +Ivimey's History of the Baptists. Vol. II. + +Edwards' Gangræna. Parts II. and III. + +Asiatic Annual Register. Vol. VII. for 1805. + +Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES", 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Notices to Correspondents. + +Nocab _is informed that the Prelate to whom he refers was created a D.D. +by the late Archbishop of Canterbury. It certainly is not necessary that +the recipient of such a degree should have previously taken that of M.A. +or B.A._ + +H.I.G., _Northampton. The Editor would be happy to insert the Question +of this Correspondent, relating to the Epistles of St. Paul, but he +apprehends that the discussion to which it would give rise would, in +order to its being of any use, require more space than could be +afforded, and involve a good deal of criticism and argument not suited +to these columns._ + +A.B. _(Bradpole) will find a notice of the line "Incidis in Scyllam", +&c., which is taken from Gualter de Lisle's Alexandriad, in Notes and +Queries, Vol. ii., p. 86._ + +_The loan of a copy of the Teseide is freely offered to our Brighton +correspondent_. + +To be Published by Subscription, in 3 vols. fcp. 8vo. + +I. NORTHERN MYTHOLOGY, comprising the Principal Later Superstitions of +Scandinavia. + +II. POPULAR TRADITIONS of Scandinavia and the Netherlands. By B. Thorpe. + +The work will be sent to press as soon as the number subscribed for +shall be adequate to cover the cost of printing. + +Names received by Messrs. R. and J.E. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries, No. 45, Saturday, September 7, 1850 + A Medium Of Inter-Communication For Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc. + + +Author: Various + +Release Date: September 10, 2004 [EBook #13427] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 45, *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team and The Internet Library of Early Journals, + + + + + + +</pre> + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page225" name= +"page225"></a>{225}</span> +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> +<hr class="full" /> +<table summary="masthead" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td align="left" width="25%"><b>No. 45.</b></td> +<td align="center" width="50%"><b>SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, +1850</b></td> +<td align="right" width="25%"><b>Price Threepence.<br /> +Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> +<table summary="Contents" align="center"> +<tr> +<td>NOTES:</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Folk Lore:—The first Mole in +Cornwall—"A whistling Wife," &c.—A Charm for +Warts—Hanging out the broom</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page225">225</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Lord Plunket and St. Agobard</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page226">226</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes on Cunningham's Handbook of London, By E.F. +Rimbault</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page227">227</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes on Coleridge's Aids to Reflection, by J.E.B. +Mayor</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page228">228</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Notes:—Capture of Henry +VI.—Notes from Mentmore Register</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page228">228</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">QUERIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Joachim, the French Ambassador</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page229">229</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Roman Catholic Translations of the Scriptures, +&c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page229">229</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Queries:—The Lost +Tribes—Partrige Family—Commoner marrying a +Peeress—The Character "&"—Combs buried with the +Dead—Cave's Historia Literaria—Julin—Richardson +Family—Arabic Name of Tobacco—Pole Money—Welsh +Money—A Skeleton in every House—Whetstone of +Reproof—Morganatic Marriages—Gospel of Distaffs</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page230">230</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">REPLIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Poeta Anglicus</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page232">232</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Caxton's Printing-office, by J.G. Nichols</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page233">233</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">The Use of Coffins, by Rev. A. Gatty</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page234">234</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Shakspeare's Use of the Word "Delighted"</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page234">234</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Ventriloquism</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page234">234</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Replies to Minor Queries:—Earl of Oxford's +Patent—The Darby Ram—Rotten Row and Stockwell +Street—Hornbooks—Passages from Shakspeare—Mildew +in Books—Pilgrims' Road to Canterbury—Abbé +Strickland—Etymology of Totnes—Ædricus qui Signa +fundebat—Fiz-gig—Guineas— +Numismatics—Querela Cantabrigiensis—Ben +Johnson—Barclay's "Argenis"—Hockey—Praed's +Poetical Works</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page235">235</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MISCELLANEOUS:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page239">239</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Books and Odd Volumes Wanted</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page239">239</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notices to Correspondents</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page239">239</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Advertisements</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page240">240</a></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>NOTES.</h2> +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> +<p><i>The First Mole in Cornwall; a Morality from the Stowe of +Morwenna, in the Rocky Land.</i>—A lonely life for the dark +and silent mole! She glides along her narrow vaults, unconscious of +the glad and glorious scenes of earth, and air, and sea! She was +born, as it were, in a grave, and in one long living sepulchre she +dwells and dies! Is not existence to her a kind of doom? Wherefore +is she thus a dark, sad exile from the blessed light of day? +Hearken! Here, in our own dear Cornwall, the first mole was a lady +of the land! Her abode was in the far west, among the hills of +Morwenna, beside the Severn sea. She was the daughter of a lordly +race, the only child of her mother, and the father of the house was +dead. Her name was Alice of the Lea. Fair was she and comely, +tender and tall; and she stood upon the threshold of her youth. But +most of all did men wonder at the glory of her large blue eyes. +They were, to look upon, like the summer waters, when the sea is +soft with light! They were to her mother a joy, and to the maiden +herself—ah! benedicite—a pride. She trusted in the +loveliness of those eyes, and in her face, and features, and form: +and so it was that the damsel was wont to pass the summer's day, in +the choice of rich apparel, and precious stones, and gold. Howbeit +this was one of the ancient and common customs of those old +departed days. Now, in the fashion of her stateliness, and in the +hue and texture of her garments, there was none among the maidens +of old Cornwall like Alice of the Lea. Men sought her far and nigh, +but she was to them all, like a form of graven stone, careless and +cold. Her soul was set upon a Granville's love, fair Sir Bevil of +Stowe, the flower of the Cornish chivalry—that noble +gentleman! that valorous knight! He was her star. And well might +she wait upon his eyes; for he was the garland of the +west—the loyal soldier of a sainted king. He was that stately +Granville who lived a hero-life, and died a warrior's death!</p> +<p>Now there was signal made of banquet in the halls of Stowe, of +wassail, and the dance. The messengers had sped, and Alice of the +Lea would be there. Robes, precious and many, were unfolded from +their rest, and the casket poured forth jewel and gem, that the +maiden might stand before the knight victorious! It was the +day—the hour—the time. Her mother sate by her wheel at +the hearth. The page waited in the hall. She came down in her +loveliness into the old oak room, and stood before the mirrored +glass. Her robe was of woven velvet, rich, and glossy, and soft; +jewels shone like stars in the midnight of her raven hair, and on +her hand there gleamed, afar off, a bright and glorious ring! She +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page226" id= +"page226"></a>{226}</span> stood—she gazed upon her own +countenance and form, and worshipped! "Now all good angels succour +thee, dear Alice, and bend Sir Bevil's soul! Fain am I to see thee +a wedded wife, before I die! I yearn to hold thy children on my +knee! Often shall I pray to-night that the Granville heart may +yield! Thy victory shall be my prayer!"</p> +<p>"Prayer!" was the haughty answer; "with the eyes that I see in +that glass, and this vesture meet for a queen, I lack no doubting +prayer!"</p> +<p>Saint Mary shield us! Ah words of evil soul! There was a +shriek—a sob—a cry: and where was Alice of the Lea? +Vanished—gone. They had heard wild tones of sudden music in +the air. There was a rush—a beam of light—and she was +gone, and that for ever! East sought they her, and west, in +northern paths and south; but she was never more seen in the lands. +Her mother wept till she had not a tear left; none sought to +comfort her, for it was vain. Moons waxed and waned, and the crones +by the cottage-hearth had whiled away many a shadowy night with +tales of Alice of the Lea.</p> +<p>But, at the last, as the gardener in the Pleasance leaned one +day on his spade, he saw among the roses a small round hillock of +earth, such as he had never seen before, and upon it something +which shone. It was her ring! It was the very jewel she had worn +the day she vanished out of sight! They looked earnestly upon it, +and they saw within the border (for it was wide) the tracery of +certain small fine letters in the ancient Cornish tongue, which +said,—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Beryan Erde,</p> +<p>Oyn und Perde!"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Then came the priest of the Place of Morwenna, a gray and silent +man! He had served long years at a lonely altar, a bent and +solitary form. But he had been wise in the language of his youth, +and he read the legend thus—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"The earth must hide</p> +<p>Both eyes and pride!"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Now, as he uttered these words, they stood in the Pleasance by +the mound; and on a sudden there was a low faint cry! They beheld, +and O wondrous and strange! there was a small dark creature, +clothed in a soft velvet skin, in texture and in hue like the Lady +Alice her robe; and they saw, as it went into the earth, that it +moved along without eyes, in everlasting night. Then the ancient +priest wept, for he called to mind all these things, and saw what +they meant; and he showed them how this was the maiden, who had +been visited with doom for her pride. Therefore her rich array had +been changed into the skin of a creeping thing and her large proud +eyes were sealed up; and she herself had become</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>The first mole!</p> +<p>Of the hillocks of Cornwall!</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Ah! woe is me! and well-a-day! that damsel so stately and fair, +sweet Lady Alice of the Lea, should be made for a +judgement—the dark mother of the moles!</p> +<p>Now take ye good heed, Cornish maidens, how ye put on vain +apparel, to win love. And cast down your eyes, all ye damsels of +the west, and look ye meekly on the ground! Be ye good and gentle, +tender and true; and when ye see your image in the glass, and begin +to be lifted up with the beauty of that shadowy thing, call to mind +the maiden of Morwenna, her noble eyes and comely countenance, the +vesture of price and the glittering ring. Sit ye by the wheel, as +of old they sate and as ye draw the lengthening wool, sing ye +ever-more and say,</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Beryan Erde,</p> +<p>Oyn and Perde!"</p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<p>"A whistling Wife" &c.—I can supply another version of +the couplet quoted in "Folk Lore" (Vol. ii., p. 164.), which has +the merit of being more rhymical and mysterious. In what district +it was current I know not.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"A whistling wife and a crowing hen</p> +<p>Will call the old gentleman out of his den."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">G.L.B.</p> +<p><i>A Charm for Warts.</i>—In some parts of Ireland, +especially towards the south, they place great faith in the +following charm:—When a funeral is passing by, they rub the +warts and say three times, "May these warts and this corpse pass +away and never more return;" sometimes adding, "in the name of the +Father, Son, and Holy Ghost."</p> +<p class="author">JARLTZBERG.</p> +<p><i>"Hanging out the Broom".</i>—Besides the instance given +by Mr. R.F. Johnson (Vol. i., p. 384.), perhaps some of your +readers can inform me of the origin of a somewhat similar custom, +applicable to all ships and vessels for sale or hire, by the broom +(all old one being generally used) being attached to the mast-head: +if of two masts, to the foretop-mast head.</p> +<p class="author">WP.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>LORD PLUNKET AND SAINT AGOBARD.</h3> +<p>Some of your readers may remember a speech in parliament by, as +I think, Lord Plunket, in which his lordship argued with great +eloquence in behalf of the Bill for the Emancipation of the Roman +Catholics. Among many passages therein of equal truth and +rhetorical power, there was one long afterwards much quoted, +paraphrased, and praised. It was that in which he reminded the +House, that those for whom he pleaded were fellow-subjects of the +same race, offspring of the same Creator, alike believers in the +One true God, the equal recipients of His mercies, appealing for +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page227" id= +"page227"></a>{227}</span> His blessings though the medium of the +same faith, and looking forward for salvation to the One +Intercessor, Mediator, and Sacrifice for all,—men, who, as +they did, addressed the Eternal in the form of that "Universal +prayer"—Our Father—the authority and the privilege of +one common parentage, offered by the all in the union of the same +spirit, in the conviction of the same wants, in the aspiration of +the same hope. I say, I think Lord Plunket so spoke, for I write +from memory dating from the period when George the Third was king. +Now be this so: according to the dogmas of some critics, Lord +Plunket may be convicted of an eloquent plagiary. Read the +following extract from a missive by S. Agobard, to be found in the +<i>Bibl. Vet. Patrum</i>, tome xiii, page 429., by Galland, +addressed "Ad præfatum Imperatorem, adversus legem Gundobadi +et impia certamina quæ per eam geruntur," and say whether, in +spite of the separation of centuries, there does not appear a +family likeness, though there were no family acquaintance between +them; Saint Agobard being Bishop of Lyons in the ninth century, and +Lord Plunket Attorney-General for Ireland in the nineteenth.</p> +<p>The Saint is pleading against the judical ordeal:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Illi autem profecti, prædicaverunt ubique Domino +cooperante; annuntiataque est ab eis omni creaturæ; id est, +cunetis nationibus mundi; una fides indita per Deum, una spes +diffusa per Spiritum Sanctum in cordibus credentium, una caritas +nata in omnibus, una voluntas, accensum unum desiderium, tradita +una oratio; ut omnes omnino ex diversis gentibus, diversis +conditionibus, diverso sexu, nobilitate, honestate, servitute +diversa, simul dicant uni Deo, et Patri omnium; Pater Noster qui +es, &c., sicut unum Patrem invocantes, ita unam santificationem +quærentes, unum regnum postulantes, unam adimpletionem +voluntatis ejus, sicut fit in coelo optantes; unum sibi panem +quotidianum dari precantes et omnibus dimitti debita."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>To which other passages might be added, as, in fact, S. Agobard +pursues the one idea until he hunts it down to the one effect of +sameness and common antithesis. Should we say Lord Plunket had read +these passages, and is thereby convicted of eloquent plagiary? I +say, No! Lauder then equally convicted Milton of trespassing on the +thoughts of others, by somewhat apposite quotations from the +classics. We are, in truth, too much inclined to this. The little, +who cannot raise themselves to the stature of the great, are apt to +strive after a socialist level, by reducing all to one same +standard—their own. Truth is common to all ages, and will +obtain utterance by the truthful and the eloquent throughout all +time.</p> +<p class="author">S.H.</p> +<p>Athenæum, August 12.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>NOTES ON THE SECOND EDITION OF MR. CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK OF +LONDON</h3> +<p>14. <i>Long Acre.</i> Mr. Cunningham, upon the authority of +Parton's <i>History of St. Giles's</i>, says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"First known as the Elms, then called Seven Acres, and since +1612, from the length of a certain slip of ground, then first used +as a public pathway, as Long Acre."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The latter part of this statement is incorrect. The Seven Acres +were known as <i>Long Acre</i> as early as 1552, when they were +granted to the Earl of Bedford. See <i>Strype</i>, B. vi. p. +88.</p> +<p>Machyn, in his <i>Diary</i>, printed by the Camden Society, p. +21., under the date A.D. 1556, has the following allusion to the +<i>Acre</i>:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The vj day of December the Abbot of Westminster went a +procession with his convent. Before him went all the Santuary men +with crosse keys upon their garments, and after went iij for +murder: on was the Lord Dacre's sone of the North, was wypyd with a +shett abowt him for kyllyng of on Master West, squyre, dwellyng +besyd ... and anodur theyff that dyd long to one of Master +Comtroller ... dyd kylle Recherd Eggylston the Comtroller's +tayller, and kylled him in the <i>Long Acurs</i>, the bak-syd +Charyng Crosse."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>15. <i>Norfolk House, St. James's Square.</i> The present +Norfolk House was built from a design by R. Brettingham, in 1742, +by Thomas Duke of Norfolk, and finished by his brother Edward in +1762. Mr. Cunningham speaks as if the old house, in which George +III. was born, was still standing.</p> +<p>16. <i>Soho Square.</i> Mr. Cunningham has not corrected his +mistake about Mrs. Cornelys's house in this square, (see "Notes and +Queries," vol. i., pp. 244, 450.). <i>D'Almaine's</i>, which Mr. +Cunningham confounds with Mrs. Cornelys's, was at a former period +tenanted by the Duke of Argyll; then by the Earl of Bradford; and, +at a later time, by the celebrated Onslow, who held his +parliamentary levees in the principal drawing-room. The ceilings of +the best rooms are adorned with paintings by Rebecca and Angelica +Kauffman.</p> +<p>Mr. Cunningham has taken some pains to destroy the +<i>Pennant</i> tradition concerning the name of this square, but he +has not given us one important piece of information, <i>i.e.</i> +that between the years 1674 and 1681, the ground was surveyed by +<i>Gregory King</i>, an eminent architect of those days, who +projected the square with the adjacent streets. Query, Did it not +take the name of <i>King's</i> Square from the architect? This +seems very probable; more especially as the statue of Charles I. +was not placed in the square until the beginning of the next +century. The centre space was originally occupied by a splendid +fountain, (the work of Colley Cibber's father), an estimate of the +"cost and charges" of which is now before me.</p> +<p>Among the eminent inhabitants of this square, not noticed by Mr. +Cunningham, were the following:—Lord <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page228" id="page228"></a>{228}</span> Berkely, +Lord Byron, Lord Grimstone, Lord Howard, Lord Leicester, Sir Thomas +Mansel, Lord Morpeth, Lord Nottingham, Lord Peterborough, Lord +Pierrepoint, Lord Pigot, Dudley North, the Earl of Dartmouth, the +Duchess of Cleveland, the Duchess of Wharton, &c. These names +appear in the books of the parish of St. Anne, between the years of +1708 and 1772.</p> +<p>17. <i>Surrey Institution.</i> At one period (about 1825), this +building was known as the <i>Blackfriars Rotundo</i>. Here that +execrable character, Robert Taylor, who styled himself "the Devil's +Chaplain," delivered his blasphemous discourses.</p> +<p>18. <i>Opera House.</i> Mr. Cunningham, speaking of the +translation of <i>Arsinoe</i>, the first Anglo-Italian opera +performed in this country, says: "The translation was made by +Thomas Clayton." This is an error, for Clayton himself says, in his +preface: "I was obliged to have an Italian opera translated." +Clayton was the composer of the music.</p> +<p>19. <i>James's (St.) Chapel, St. James's Palace.</i> Mr. +Cunningham says, "The service is chanted by the boys of the Chapel +Royal." This ought to read, "The service is chaunted by the boys +<i>and gentlemen</i> of the Chapel Royal" The musical service of +our cathedrals and collegiate establishments cannot be performed +without four kinds of voices, treble, alto, tenor, and bass.</p> +<p>20. <i>Bagnigge Wells.</i> Mr. Cunningham makes a strange +mistake concerning this once popular place of amusement when he +says, "first opened to the public in the year 1767." A stone, still +to be seen, let into the wall over what was formerly the garden +entrance, has the following inscription:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"S + T</p> +<p>This is Bagnigge</p> +<p>Hovse neare</p> +<p>The Pinder a</p> +<p>Wakefeilde</p> +<p>1680."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The gardens were first opened for the accommodation of persons +who partook of the mineral springs; subsequently, amusements were +added; and in Bickham's curious work, <i>The Musical +Entertainer</i> (circa 1738), is an engraving of Tom Hippersley +mounted in the "singing rostrum," regaling the company with a song. +About half a century after this date, a regular orchestra was +erected, and the entertainments resembled Marylebone Gardens and +Vauxhall. The old house and gardens were demolished in 1842, to +make room for several new streets.</p> +<p class="author">Edward F. Rimbault.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>NOTES ON COLERIDGE'S AIDS TO REFLECTION</h3> +<h4>(2nd Edition, 1831)</h4> +<p>Introductory Aphorisms, No. xii., p. 7.:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Tertullian had good reason for his assertation, that the +simplest Christian (if indeed a Christian) knows more than the most +accomplished irreligious philosopher."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The passage referred to is in the Apology, c. 46:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Deum quilibet opifex Christianus et invenit et ostendit et +exinde totum, quod in Deo quæritur, re quoque assignat; licet +Plato affirmet factitatorem universitatis neque inveniri facilem et +inventum enarrari in omnes difficilem."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Note to Aphorism xxxi., p. 30.:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"To which he [Plato] may possibly have referred in his phrase +[Greek: theoparadotos sophia]."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Possibly Coleridge may have borrowed this from Berkeley's +<i>Siris</i>, § 301., where [Greek: theoparadotos philosophia] +is cited from "a heathen writer." The word [Greek: theoparadotos] +occurs in Proclus and Marinus (see Valpy's <i>Stephani +Thesaurus</i>), but not in Plato.</p> +<p>The motto from Seneca, prefixed to the Aphorisms on Spiritual +Religion, is from the fourty-first Epistle of that writer.</p> +<p>The question from Tertullian in the Comment on the eight of +those Aphorisms,</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Certum est quia impossibile est."—p. 199.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>is from the <i>De Carne Christi</i>, cap. v.</p> +<p>Aphorism iv., p. 227.:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"In wonder all philosophy began."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>See Plato's <i>Theætetus</i> § 32., p. 155. Gataker +on Antonin, i. 15. Plutarch <i>de EI Delph</i>. cap. 2. p. 385 B. +Sympos, v. 7., p. 680 C. Aristot. <i>Metaph</i>. 1. 2. 9.</p> +<p>In the "Sequelæ" annexed to this Aphorism, it is said of +Simonides (p. 230.), that</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>In the fortieth day</i> of his mediation the sage and +philosophic poet abandoned the problem [of the nature of God] in +despair."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Cicero (<i>de nat. Deor.</i> i. 22. § 60.) and Minucius +Felix (<i>Octav.</i> 13.) do not specify the number of days during +which Simonides deferred his answer to Hiero.</p> +<p>Aphorism x. On Original Sin. (note, p. 252.) [Greek: sunetois +phonun], &c., from Pindar, <i>Olymp.</i> ii. 85. (152.)</p> +<p>Conclusion, p. 399.:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>Evidences</i> of Christianity! I am weary of this word," +&c.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>See the remarks on this passage in Archbishop Whately's +<i>Logic</i>, Appendix III., near the end.</p> +<p>The quotation from Apuleius, at the end of the book (p. 403.), +is from the <i>Metamorphos.</i>, i. 3.</p> +<p class="author">J.E.B. Mayor</p> +<p>Marlborough College.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MINOR NOTES.</h3> +<p><i>Capture of Henry VI.</i> (Vol. ii., p. 181.).—There are +several errors in this historical note. The name of the Dean of +Windsor was Manning, not <span class="pagenum"><a name="page229" +id="page229"></a>{229}</span> "Manting;" "Brungerly" should be +Bungerley. One of the Talbots, of Bashall Hall, could never be +"High Sheriff for the West Riding," as the Ridings of Yorkshire +never had distinct sheriffs; neither was he sheriff of the county. +The particulars of the king's capture are thus related in the +chronicle called Warksworth's <i>Chronicle</i>, which has been +printed by the Camden Society:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Also, the same yere, kynge Henry was takene byside a howse of +religione [i.e. Whalley] in Lancashyre, by the mene of a blacke +monke of Abyngtone [Abingdon] in a wode called Cletherwode [the +wood of Clitheroe], besyde Bungerly hyppyngstones, by Thomas +Talbott, sonne and heyre to sere Edmunde Talbot of Basshalle, and +Jhon Talbott, his cosyne, of Colebry [i.e. Salebury, in Blackburn], +withe other moo; which discryvide [him] beynge at his dynere at +Wadyngton halle: and [he was] carryed to London on horsebake, and +his leges bownde to the styropes."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I have substituted the word "discryvide" for "disseyvide," as it +is printed in the Camden Society's book, where the editor, Mr. +Halliwell, understood the passage as meaning that the king was +deceived or betrayed. I take the meaning to be that the black monk +of Abingdon had descried, or discovered, the king as he was eating +his dinner at Waddington Hall; whereupon the Talbots, and some +other parties in the neighbourhood, formed plans for his +apprehension, and arrested him on the first convenient opportunity, +as he was crossing the ford across the river Ribble, formed by the +hyppyngstones at Bungerley. Waddington belonged to Sir John +Tempest, of Bracewell, who was the father-in-law of Thomas Talbot. +Both Sir John Tempest and Sir James Harrington of Brierley, near +Barnsley, were concerned in the king's capture, and each received +one hundred marks reward; but the fact of Sir Thomas Talbot being +the chief actor, is shown by his having received the larger reward +of 100£. Further particulars respecting these and other +parties concerned, will be found in the notes to Warksworth's +<i>Chronicle</i>. The chief residence of the unhappy monarch during +his retreat was at Bolton Hall, where his boots, his gloves, and a +spoon, are still preserved, and are engraved in Whitaker's +<i>Craven</i>. An interior view of the ancient hall at Bolton, +which is still remaining, is engraved in the <i>Gentleman's +Magazine</i> for May, 1841. Sir Ralph Pudsay, of Bolton, had +married Margaret, daughter of Sir Thomas Tunstal, who attended the +king as esquire of the body.</p> +<p class="author">JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS.</p> +<p><i>Mentmore, Bucks, Notes from Register of.</i>—Having +recently had occasion to go through the entire registers of the +parish of Mentmore, Bucks, I send you three extracts, not noticed +by Lipscombe, the two first relating to an extinct branch of the +house of Hamilton, the third illustrating the "Manners and Customs +of the English" at the end of the seventeenth century.</p> +<p>"1732, William Hamilton, an infant son of Lord Viscount +Limerick, Feb. 28."</p> +<p>"1741. The Honourable Charles Hamilton, son of Lord Viscount +Limerick, Jan. 4."</p> +<p>"Memorand. A beggar woman of Slapton, whipt at Mentmoir, July +5th, 1698."</p> +<p class="author">Q.D.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>QUERIES</h2> +<h3>JOHN JOKYN, OR JOACHIM, THE FRENCH AMBASSADOR.</h3> +<p>I am very desirous to be informed in what <i>French</i> author I +can find any account of John Jokyn (Joachim?), who was ambassador +to England from France during the time of Cardinal Wolsey. I have +looked into the greater part of the French authors who have written +historically on the reign of François I. without having +found any mention of such personage—<i>L'Art de +vérifier les Dates</i>, &c., without success. He is +frequently spoken of by English writers, and particularly in the +<i>Union of the Famelies of Lancastre and Yorke</i>, by Edward +Halle, 1548, folios 135, 136, 139, 144, and 149.; at folio 144., +17th year of Hen. VIII., it is stated:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"There came over as ambassador from France, Jhon Jokyn, now +called M. de Vaux, which, as you have heard in the last year, was +kept secret in Master Lark's house; and when he came into England +he was welcomed of the Cardinal (Wolsey), and there between them +were such communications at the suit of the said Jhon, that a truce +was concluded from the 13th of July for forty days between England +and France, both on the sea, and beyond the sea," &c. +&c.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This M. Jokyn, or Joachim, appears to have been a person of +considerable influence, and it appears his purpose on this mission +was to bribe Wolsey; and it seems that the Chancellor Duprat was +aware of this, and was much displeased on the occasion.</p> +<p class="author">AMICUS. Aug 3, 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>SCRIPTURES, ROMAN CATHOLIC TRANSLATIONS OF, LUTHER'S +FAMILIARITY WITH.</h3> +<p>The replies I have gained to previous Queries encourage me to +trouble you with the following:—</p> +<p>1. Has the Roman Catholic Church ever published a translation of +the Scriptures, or any part of them, into the vernacular +<i>Irish</i>? Have their missionaries in <i>China</i> ever +translated anything beyond the Epistles and Gospels of the Missal? +Or, is there any Roman Catholic translation into any of the +vernacular languages of <i>India</i>? Or, are there any versions in +any of the American dialects by Roman Catholic authors, besides +those mentioned by Le Long in his <i>Bibliotheca Sacra</i>. And is +there any continuation of his work up to <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page230" id="page230"></a>{230}</span> the +present day? I am acquainted with Bishop Marsh's volume, but he +seems ill-informed and speaks vaguely about Roman Catholic +versions.</p> +<p>2. What is the authority for the familiar story of a bill being +brought into parliament for the suppression of all vernacular +translations in Richard II.'s reign, and of its being stoutly +opposed by John of Gaunt? "What, are we the dregs of the earth not +to hear the Scriptures in our own tongue?" Usher mentions the +circumstance (<i>Historia Dogmatica</i>, &c.), and it is +borrowed from him by Fox. But I am so ignorant as not to know the +original and cotemporary authority.</p> +<p>3. Your learned correspondent, DR. MAITLAND, in his <i>Dark +Ages</i>, snubs D'Aubigné most unmercifully for repeating an +old story about Luther's stumbling upon a Bible, and pooh-pooh's +D'Aubigné's authority, Mathesius, as no better than a goose. +May I ask whether it is possible to discover the probable +foundation of such a story, and whether Luther has left us in his +writings any account of his early familiarity with Scripture, that +would bear upon the alleged incident, and show how much of it may +be true?</p> +<p class="author">C.F.S.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MINOR QUERIES</h3> +<p><i>The Lost Tribes.</i>—A list of all the theories and +publications respecting the ten tribes commonly called the Lost +tribes, or any communication concerning them, will much oblige.</p> +<p class="author">JARLTZBERG.</p> +<p><i>Partrige Family.</i>—Can any of your readers inform me +where I can see the grant mentioned in the following <i>note</i> +taken from Strype's <i>Ecclesiastical Memorials</i>, vol. iii. p. +542: "I find a grant to the Lady Jane Partrige for life, of the +manor of Kenne in Devon, of the yearly value of 57<i>l.</i> +12<i>s.</i> 0-3/4<i>d.</i>, but this not before April, 1553." Can +any of your readers tell me how to obtain access to a private act +1st Mary, Sessio secunda. cap. 9., anno 1553, intituled, "An Act +for the Restitution in Blood of the Heirs of Sir Miles Partrige, +Knight"? Strype calls it an act for the restitution of the +daughters of Sir Miles Partrige, and I think he must be right, as I +have primâ facie proof that Sir Miles left no son. Were the +debates on the acts of parliament recorded in those days, and if +so, how can they be seen?</p> +<p class="author">J. PARTRIGE.</p> +<p>Birmingham.</p> +<p><i>Commoner marrying a Peeress.</i>—Formerly, when a +commoner married a peeress in her own right, he assumed her title +and dignity. The right was, I believe, disputed during the reign of +Henry VIII., in the case of the claimant of the barony of Talbois, +when it was decided that no man could take his wife's titles unless +he had issue male by her, but, if there were such issue, he became, +as in cases of landed property, "tenant by curtesy" of her +dignities. Can any of your correspondents inform me whether any +subsequent decision has deprived of this right a commoner marrying +a peeress and having issue male by her?</p> +<p class="author">L.R.N.</p> +<p><i>The Character "&."</i>—What is the correct name of +the character "&?" I have heard it called <i>ample-se-and</i>, +<i>ampuzzánd</i>, <i>empuzád</i>, +<i>ampássy</i>, and <i>apples-and</i>,—all evident +corruptions of one and the same word. What is that word?</p> +<p class="author">M.A. LOWER.</p> +<p><i>Combs buried with the Dead.</i>—When the corpse of St. +Cuthbert was disinterred in the cathedral of Durham, there was +found upon his breast a plain simple Saxon <i>comb</i>. A similar +relique has been also discovered in other sepulchres of the same +sanctuary.</p> +<p>Can any of your learned contributors inform me (for I am totally +ignorant) the origin and intent of this strange accompaniment of +the burial of the ancient dead. The comb of St. Cuthbert is, I +believe, carefully preserved by the Dean and Chapter of Durham.</p> +<p class="author">R.S. HAWKER.</p> +<p>Morwenstow, Cornwall.</p> +<p><i>Cave's Historia Literaria.</i>—My present Queries arise +out of a Note which I took of a passage in Adam Clarke's +<i>Bibliography</i>, under the article "W. Cave" (vol. ii. p. +161.).</p> +<p>1. Has not the bibliographer assigned a wrong date to the +publication of Cave's <i>Historia Literaria</i>, viz. 1740, instead +of 1688-1698?</p> +<p>2. Will some of your readers do me the favour of mentioning the +successive editions of the <i>Historia Literaria</i>, together with +the year and the place of appearance of each of them?</p> +<p>According to the <i>Biographia Britannica</i> (ed. 2., "Cave, +W."), this learned work came out in the year above stated, and +there were two impressions printed at Geneva in 1705 and 1720 +respectively.</p> +<p class="author">R.K.J.</p> +<p><i>Julin.</i>—Will DR. BELL, who adverts to the tradition +of the doomed city, <i>Julin</i>, in your last number (Vol. ii. p. +178.), oblige me by a "Note" of the story as it is told by Adam of +Bremen, whose work I am not within reach of? I have long wanted to +trace this legend.</p> +<p class="author">V.</p> +<p>Belgravia, Aug. 17. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Richardson Family.</i>—Can of your correspondents +inform me who "Mr. John Richardson, of the Market Place, Leeds," +was? he was living 1681 to 1700 and after, and he made entries of +the births of eleven children on the leaves of an old book, and +also an entry of the death of his wife, named Lydea, who died 20th +December, 1700. These entries are now in possession of one of his +daughters' descendants, who is desirous to know <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page231" id="page231"></a>{231}</span> of what +family Mr. Richardson was, who he married, and what was his +profession or business.</p> +<p class="author">T.N.I.</p> +<p>Wakefield.</p> +<p><i>Tobacco—its Arabic Name.</i>—One of your +correspondents, A.C.M. (Vol. ii., p. 155.), wishes to know what is +the Arabic word for <i>tobacco</i> used in Sale's <i>Koran</i>, ed. +8vo. p. 169. Perhaps, if he will refer to the chapter and verse, or +even specify <i>which</i> is the 8vo. edition which he quotes, some +of your correspondents may be able to answer his Query.</p> +<p class="author">M.D.</p> +<p><i>Pole Money.</i>—Some time ago I made a copy of</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"A particular of all the names of the several persons within the +Lordship of Marston Montgomery (in Derbyshire), and of their +estates, according to the acts of parliament, for payment of +<i>pole money</i> assessed by William Hall, constable, and +others."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This was some time between 1660 and 1681. And also of a like</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Particular of names of the several persons within the same +lordship under the sum of <i>5l.</i>, to <i>pole for</i> according +to the acts of parliament."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Can any of your correspondents inform me to what tax the above +lists applied, and what were the acts of parliament under which +this tax (or pole-money) was payable.</p> +<p class="author">T.N.I.</p> +<p>Wakefield.</p> +<p><i>Welsh Money.</i>—I have never seen in any work on coins +the slightest allusion to the money of the native princes of Wales +before the subjugation of their country by Edward I. Is any such in +existence? and, if not, how is its disappearance to be accounted +for? I read that Athelstan imposed on the Welsh an annual tribute +<i>in money</i>, which was paid for many years. Query, In what sort +of coin?</p> +<p class="author">J.C. Witton.</p> +<p><i>A skeleton in every House.</i>—Can you or any of your +correspondents explain the origin of that most significant saying +"There is a skeleton in every house?" Does it originate in some +ghastly legend?</p> +<p class="author">Mors.</p> +<p class="note">[Our correspondent is right in his conjecture. The +saying is derived from an Italian story, which is translated in the +<i>Italian Tales of Humour, Gallantry, and Romance</i>, published +some few years ago, with illustrations by Cruikshank.]</p> +<p><i>Whetstone of Reproof.</i>—Can any of your readers +inform me who was the author of the book with the following +title?</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The Whetstone of Reproofe, or a Reproving Censvre of the +misintitled Safe Way: declaring it by Discourie of the Authors +fraudulent Proceeding, and captious Cauilling, to be a miere +By-way, drawing pore Trauellers out of the royalle and common +Streete, and leading them deceitfully into a Path of Perdition. +With a Postscript of Advertisements, especially touching the +Homilie and Epistles attributed to Alfric: and a compendious +Retortiue Discussion of the misapplyed By-way. Avthor T.T. +Sacristan and Catholike Romanist.—Catvapoli, apud viduam +Marci Wyonis. Anno MDCXXXII." Sm. 8vo. pp. xvi. 570. 198.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>It is an answer to Sir Humphrey Lynd's <i>Via Tuta</i> and +<i>Via Devia</i>. In Wood's <i>Ath. Oxon.</i>, edit. Bliss, fol. +ii. col. 602, two answers to the <i>Via Tuta</i> are mentioned; but +this is not noticed. From the author stating in the preface, "I +confesse, Sir Humfrey, I am Tom Teltruth, who cannot flatter or +dissemble," I suppose the initials T.T. to be fictitious.</p> +<p class="author">John I. Dredge.</p> +<p><i>Morganatic Marriages.—Morganatique.</i>—What is +the derivation of this word, and what its <i>actual +signification</i>?</p> +<p>In the <i>Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française</i> +(ed. 4to., 1835), the word does not appear. In Boister's +<i>Dictionnaire Universel</i> (Bruxelles, 1835) it is thus +given:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Morganatique, <i>adj. 2 g.</i>, nocturne, mystérieux, +entrainée par séduction; (mariage) mariage secret des +princes d'Allemagne avec une personne d'un rang +inférieur."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>And the same definition is given by Landais (Paris, 4to., 1842), +but this does not give the derivation or literal signification of +the word "<i>morganatic</i>." It is not in Johnson's +<i>Dictionary</i>; but in Smart's <i>Dictionary Epitomized</i> +(Longman and Co., 1840) it is thus given:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Morganatic, <i>a.</i>, applied to the marriage in which a gift +in the morning is to stand in lieu of dowry, or of all right of +inheritance, that might otherwise fall to the issue."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This, however, is inconsistent with the definition of +<i>nocturne</i>, <i>mystérieux</i>, for the gift in lieu of +dowry would have nothing of mystery in it.</p> +<p>Will some of your correspondents afford, if they can, any +reasonable explanation which justifies the application of the word +to inferior or left-handed marriages?</p> +<p class="author">G.</p> +<p class="note">[Will our correspondent accept the following as a +satisfactory reply?]</p> +<p><i>Morganatic Marriage</i> (Vol. ii, p. 72.).—The fairy +Morgana was married to a mortal. Is not this a sufficient +explanation of the term morganatic being applied to marriages where +the parties are of unequal rank?</p> +<p class="author">S.S.</p> +<p><i>Gospel of Distaffs.</i>—Can any reader say where a copy +of the <i>Gospel of Distaffs</i> may be accessible? It was printed +by Wynkyn de Worde, and Sir E. Brydges, who describes it, says a +complete copy was in Mr. Heber's library. A few leaves are found in +Bagford's Collection, Harleian MS. 5919., which only raises the +desire to see the whole. Dibdin's <i>Ames' Typography</i>, vol. ii. +p. 232., has an account of it.</p> +<p class="author">W. Bell.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page232" id= +"page232"></a>{232}</span> +<h2>REPLIES.</h2> +<h3>POETA ANGLICUS.</h3> +<p>Every proof or disproof of statements continually made with +regard to the extravagant titles assumed, or complacently received, +by the bishops of Rome being both interesting and important, the +inquiry of J.B. (Vol. ii., p. 167.) is well deserving of a reply. +Speaking of a passage cited by Joannes Andreæ, in his gloss +on the preface to the Clementines, he asks, "who is the Anglicus +Poeta?" and "what is the name of his poem," in which it is said to +the pope, "Nec Deus es nec homo, quasi neuter es inter +utrumque?"</p> +<p>"Poetria nova" was the name assigned to the hexameter poem +commencing, "Papa stupor mundi," inscribed, about the year 1200, to +the reigning Pope, Innocent III., by Galfridus de Vino salvo. Of +this work several manuscript copies are to be met with in England. +I will refer only to two in the Bodleian, Laud. 850. 83.: Ken. +Digb. 1665. 64. Polycarp Leyser (<i>Hist. Poem. medii +Ævi</i>) published it in 1721; and Mabillon has set forth +another performance by the same writer in elegiac verse (<i>Vet. +Analect.</i> pp. 369-76., Paris, 1723). In the latter case the +author's name is not given, and accordingly he is entered merely as +"Poeta vetus" in Mr. Dowling's <i>Notitia Scriptorum SS. Pat.</i>, +sc. p. 279., Oxon., 1839. Your correspondent may compare with +Andreæ's extract these lines, and those which follow them, p. +374.:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Papa brevis vox est, sed virtus nominis hujus</p> +<p>Perlustrat quiequid arcus uterque tenet."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Galfridus evidently derived his surname from his treatise on +vines and wine; and he has been singularly unfortunate in the +epithet, for I have never seen VIN-SAUF correctly printed. It +varies from "de Nine salvo" to "<i>Mestisauf</i>." Pits and Oudin +call him "Vinesalf" and Fabricius and Mansi change him into "Vine +fauf."</p> +<p>The question now remains, Are the Roman Pontiffs and their +Church answerable for the toleration of such language? Uncertainty +may on this occasion be removed by our recollection of the fact, +that a "Censura" upon the glosses of the papal canon law, by +Manriq, Master of the Sacred Palace, was issued by the command of +Pope Pius V. in 1572. It was reprinted by Pappus, Argent. 1599, +12mo., and 1609, 8vo., and it contains an order for the expurgation +of the words before quoted, together with the summary in the +margin, "Papa nec Deus est nec homo," which appears in every old +edition; for instance, in that of Paris, 1532, sig. aa. iij. So far +the matter looks well, and the prospect is not hopeless. These +glosses, however, were revised by another master of the Apostolic +Palace, Sixtus Fabri, and were edited, under the sanction of Pope +Gregory XIII., in the year 1580; and from this authentic impression +the impious panegyric has not been withdrawn. The marginal +abridgment has, in compliance with Manriq's direction, been +exterminated; and this additional note has been appended as a +palliative:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Hæc verba sano modo sunt accipienda: prolata enim sunt ad +ostendendum amplissimam esse Romani Pontificis +potestatem."—Col. 4. ed. Paris, 1585.</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">R.G.</p> +<p><i>Poeta Anglicus</i> (Vol ii., p. 167).—I cannot answer +J.B.'s Queries; but I have fallen upon a <i>cross scent</i>, which +perchance may lead to their discovery.</p> +<p>1. Ioannes Pitseus, <i>de Scriptor. ad ann.</i> 1250, (<i>Relat. +Histor. de Rebus Anglicis</i>, ed. Par. 1619, p. 322.), gives the +following account "de Michaele Blaunpaino:"—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Michael Blaunpainus, vulgo <i>Magister</i> cognominatus, +natione Anglus, patria Cornubiensis, ... missus Oxonium, deinde +Parisios, ... præ cæteris se dedidit elegantiæ +linguæ Latinæ, fuitque inter præcipuos sui +temporis <i>poetus</i> per Angliam potissimum et Galliam numeratus. +Hunc subinde citat Textor in Cornucopia sub nomine Michaelis +<i>Anglici</i>.... In lucem emisit: Historiarum Normanniæ, +librum unum: Contra Henricum Abrincensem versu. librum unum. +Archipoeta vide, quod non sit. (<i>MS. in Bibliotheca +Lunleiana.</i>) Epistolarum et carminum, librum unum. Claruit anno +Messiæ 1250, sub Henrici tertii regno."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>2. Valerius Andreas, however, gives a somewhat different account +of <i>Michael Anglicus</i>. In his <i>Biblioth. Belg.</i> ed. 8vo. +Lovan, 1623, p. 609., he says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Michael Anglicus, Bellimontensis, Hanno, I. V. Professor et +<i>Poeta</i>, scripsit:</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2">Eclogarum, libros iv., ad Episc. Parisien.</p> +<p class="i2">Eclogarum, libb. ii., ad Lud. Villerium.</p> +<p class="i2">De mutatione studiorum, lib. i.</p> +<p class="i2">Elegiam deprecatoriam.</p> +</div> +</div> +<blockquote> +<p>Et alia, quæ Paris. sunt typis edita. Hujus eruditionem et +Poemata Bapt. Mantuanus et Joannes Ravisius Testor epigrammate +commendarunt: hic etiam in Epithetis suis <i>Anglici</i> +auctoritatem non semel adducit."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>3. Franciscus Sweertius (<i>Athenæ Belgricoe</i>, ed. +Antv. 1628, p. 565.) gives a similar account to this of Valerius +Andreas.</p> +<p>4. And the account given by Christopher Hendreich Brandebargca, +(ed. Berolini, 1699, p. 193.) is substantially the same; viz.,</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Anglicus Michael cognomine, sed natione Gallus, patria +Belmontensis, utriusque juris Professor, scripsit Eclogarum, lib. +iv. ad Episc." &c ... "Et diversorum carminum libros aliquot, +quæ omnia Parisiis impressa sunt. Claruit autem A.C. +1500."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>5. Moreri takes notice of this apparent confusion made between +two different writers, who lived two centuries and a half apart. +Speaking of the later <span class="pagenum"><a name="page233" id= +"page233"></a>{233}</span> of the two, he says (<i>Dictionnaire +Historique</i>, Paris, 1759, tom. i. par. ii. p. 87.):—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>Anglicus</i> (Michel), natif de Beaumont dans le Hainaut, +qui vivoit dans le XVI. siècle, étoit poëte et +professeur en droit. Nous avons divers ouvrages de sa façon, +des églogues, un traité <i>de mutatione +studiorum</i>, &c. (Valer. Andreas, <i>Bibl. Belg.</i>) +Quelques auteurs l'ont confondu avec Michel Blaumpain. (Voyez +Blaumpain.)"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Of the earlier Anglicus, Moreri says (ubi sup., tom. ii. par. i. +p. 506.):</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Blaumpain (Michel) surnommé <i>Magister</i>, Anglois de +nation, et <i>Poëte</i>, qui vivoit vers l'an 1250. Il est +nommé par quelques-un <i>Michel Anglicus</i>. Mais il y a +plus d'apparence que c'étoient deux auteurs +différens; dont l'un composa une histoire de Normandie, et +un traité contre Henri d'Avranches; et l'autre laissa +quelques pièces de poësies;—Eclogarum, libri iv., +ad Episcopum Parisiensem; Eclogarum, libri ii., ad Ludovicum +Villerium, De mutatione studioram, Elogia deprecatoria, &c. +Baptiste Mantuan parle de Michel Anglicus, qui étoit de +Beaumont dans l'Hainault. (Pitseus, <i>De Script. Angl.</i> p. +322.; Valerius Andreas in <i>Bibl</i>, p. 670.)"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Perhaps some of your readers may have access to a copy of the +<i>Paris impression</i> of Michael Anglicus, mentioned by Andreas, +Sweertius, and Hendreich. J.B. will not need to be reminded of +these words of Innocent III., in his first serm. de consecr. Pont. +Max., in which he claimed, as St. Peter's successor, to be</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Inter Deum et hominem medius constitutus; citra Deum, sed ultra +hominem; minor Deo, sed major homine: qui de omnibus judicat, et a +nemine judicatur."—<i>Innocentii tertii Op.</i>, ed. Colon. +1575, tom. i., p. 189.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Did the claim <i>originate</i> with Pope Innocent?</p> +<p class="author">J. Sansom.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>CAXTON'S PRINTING-OFFICE.</h3> +<p>I must protest against the manner in which Arun (Vol. ii., p. +187.) has proceeded with the discussion of Caxton's printing at +Westminster. Though writing anonymously himself, he has not +hesitated to charge me by name with a desire to impeach the +accuracy of Mr. C. Knight's <i>Life of Caxton</i>, of which, and of +other works of the same series, he then volunteers as the champion, +as if they, or any one of them, were the object of a general +attack. This is especially unfair, as I made the slightest possible +allusion to Mr. Knight's work, and may confess I have as yet seen +no more of it than the passage quoted by ARUN himself. Any such +admixture of personal imputations is decidedly to be deprecated, as +being likely to militate against the sober investigation of truth +which has hitherto characterised the pages of "NOTES AND QUERIES." +ARUN also chooses to say that the only question which is material, +is, Who was Caxton's patron? <i>i.e.</i> who was the Abbot of +Westminster at the time,—who may not, after all, have +actively interfered in the matter. This question remains in some +doubt; but it was not the question with which DR. RIMBAULT +commenced the discussion. The object of that gentleman's inquiry +(Vol. ii., p. 99.) was, the particular spot where Caxton's press +was fixed. From a misapprehension of the passage in Stow, a current +opinion has obtained that the first English press was erected +within the abbey-church, and in the chapel of St. Anne; and Dr. +Dibdin conjectured that the chapel of St. Anne stood on the site of +Henry VII.'s chapel. The correction of this vulgar error is, I +submit, by no means immaterial; especially at a time when a great +effort is made to propagate it by the publication of a print, +representing "William Caxton examining the first proof sheet from +his printing-press in Westminster Abbey;" the engraving of which is +to be "of the size of the favourite print of Bolton Abbey:" where +the draftsman has deliberately represented the printers at work +within the consecrated walls of the church itself! When a less +careless reader than Dr. Dibdin consults the passage of Stow, he +finds that the chapel of St. Anne stood in the opposite direction +from the church to the site of Henry VII.'s chapel, <i>i.e.</i> +within the court of the Almonry; and that Caxton's press was also +set up in the Almonry, though not (so far as appears, or is +probable) within that chapel. The second question is, When did +Caxton first set up his press in this place? And the third, the +answer to which depends on the preceding, is, Who was the abbot who +gave him admission? Now it is true, as ARUN remarks, that the +introduction of Abbot Islip's name is traced up to Stow in the year +1603: and, as Mr. Knight has observed, "the careful historian of +London here committed one error," because John Islip did not become +Abbot of Westminster until 1500. The entire passage of Stow has +been quoted by DR. RIMBAULT in "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vol. ii., p. +99.; it states that in the Almonry—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Islip, abbot of Westminster, erected the first press of +book-printing that ever was in England, about the year 1471."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Now, it appears that the various authors of repute, who have +given the point their consideration, as the editor of Dugdale's +<i>Monasticon</i> (Sir Henry Ellis), and Mr. Cunningham in his +<i>Handbook</i>, affirm that it is John Esteney who became abbot in +1474 or 1475, and not Thomas Milling, who was abbot in 1471, whose +name should be substituted for that of Islip. In that case, Stowe +committed two errors instead of one; he was wrong in his date as +well as his name. It is to this point that I directed my remarks, +which are printed in Vol. ii., p. 142. We have hitherto no evidence +that Caxton <span class="pagenum"><a name="page234" id= +"page234"></a>{234}</span> printed at Westminster before the year +1477, six years later than mentioned by Stow.</p> +<p class="author">JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>THE USE OF COFFINS.</h3> +<p>The Query of H.E. (Vol. i., p. 321.) seems to infer that the use +of coffins may be only a modern custom. In book xxiii., chapters i. +and ii., of Bingham's <i>Antiquities of the Christian Church</i>, +H.E. will find ample proof of the very early use of coffins. During +the first three centuries of the Church, one great distinction +betwixt Heathens and Christians was, that the former burned their +dead, and placed the bones and ashes in urns; whilst the latter +always buried the corpse, either in a coffin or, embalmed, in a +catacomb; so that it might be restored at the last day from its +original dust. There have frequently been dug out of the barrows +which contain Roman urns, ancient British stone coffins. Bede +mentions that the Saxons buried their dead in wood. Coffins both of +lead and iron were constructed at a very early period. When the +royal vaults at St. Denis were desecrated, during the first French +revolution, coffins were exposed that had lain there for ages.</p> +<p>Notwithstanding all this, it appears to be the case that, both +in the Norman and English periods, the common people of this +country were often wrapped in a sere-cloth after death, and so +placed, coffinless, in the earth. The illuminations in the old +missals represent this. And it is not impossible that the extract +from the "Table of Dutyes," on which H.E. founds his inquiry, may +refer to a lingering continuance of this rude custom. Indeed, a +statute passed in 1678, ordering that all dead bodies shall be +interred in woollen and no other material, is so worded as to give +the idea that there might be interments without coffins. The +statute forbids that any person be put in, wrapt, or wound up, or +buried in any shirt, shift, sheet, or shroud, unless made of +sheep's wool only; or in any coffin lined or faced with any +material but sheep's wool; as if the person might be buried either +in a garment, or in a coffin, so long as the former was made of, or +the latter lined with, wool.</p> +<p>I think the "buryall without a coffin," quoted by H.E., must +have referred to the interment of the poorest class. Their friends, +being unable to provide a coffin, conformed to an old rude custom, +which had not entirely ceased.</p> +<p class="author">Alfred Gatty</p> +<hr /> +<h3>SHAKSPEARE'S USE OF THE WORD "DELIGHTED".</h3> +<p>If the passage from <i>Measure for Measure</i>, which has been +the subject of much controversy in your recent numbers, be read in +its natural sense—there is surely nothing unintelligible in +the word "delighted" as there used.</p> +<p>The object of the poet was to show how instinctively the mind +shudders at the change produced by death—both on body and +soul; and how repulsive it must be to an active and sentient +being.</p> +<p>He therefore places in frightful contrast the condition of +<i>each</i> before and after that awful change. The BODY, +<i>now</i> endowed with "sensible warm motion," to become in death +"a kneaded clod," to "lie in cold obstruction, and to rot." The +SPIRIT, <i>now</i> "delighted" (all full of delight), to become in +death utterly powerless, an unconscious—passive +thing—"imprisoned in the viewless winds, and blown with +restless violence round about the pendant world," how intolerable +the thought, and how repulsive the contrast! It is <i>not</i> in +its state <i>after death</i>, but <i>during life</i>, that the poet +represents the spirit to be a "delighted one." If we fall into the +error of supposing him to refer to the <i>former</i> period, we are +compelled to alter our text, in order to make the passage +intelligible, or invent some new meaning to the word "delighted," +and, at the same time, we deprive the passage of the strong +antithesis in which all its spirit and force consists. It is this +strong antithesis, this painfully marked contrast between the two +states of <i>each, body</i> and <i>spirit</i>, which displays the +power and skill of the poet in handling the subject. Without it, +the passage loses half its meaning.</p> +<p>MR. HICKSON will not, I hope, accuse one who is no critic for +presuming to offer this suggestion. I tender it with diffidence, +being conscious that, although a passionate admirer of the great +bard, I am all unlearned in the art of criticism, "a plain +unlettered man," and therefore simply take what is set before me in +its natural sense, as well as I may, without searching for +recondite interpretations. On this account, I feel doubly the +necessity of apologising for interfering with the labours of so +learned and able a commentator as MR. HICKSON has shown himself to +be.</p> +<p class="author">L.B.L.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>VENTRILOQUISM</h3> +<h4>(Vol. ii., p. 88.)</h4> +<p>Plutarch (tom. ii., p. 397.D.) has these words:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>[Greek: "Ou gar esti theou hae gaerus oude ho phthoggos, oude he +lexis, oude to metron, alla taes yunaikos: ekeinos de monas tas +phantasias paristaesi, kau phos en tae psuchae poiei pros to +mellon."]</p> +</blockquote> +<p>If that be the passage referred to be Rollin, nothing is said +there about ventriloquism. The Scholiast on Aristoph. (<i>Plut.</i> +39.) tells us how the Pythian received the <i>afflatus</i>, but +says nothing about her <i>speaking</i> from her belly: He only +has</p> +<blockquote> +<p>[Greek: "Ta taes manteias hae mallon manias ephtheggeto +hraemata."]</p> +</blockquote> +<p>In another place of Plutarch (tom. ii., p. 414. E.) we have +[Greek: eggastrimuthoi] and [Greek: puthones] used as synonymous +words to express persons into whose bodies the god might be +supposed to enter, "using their <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page235" id="page235"></a>{235}</span> bodies and voices as +instruments." The only word in that passage which appears to hint +at what we call ventriloquism is [Greek: hupophtheggesthai].</p> +<p>I have very little doubt that amongst the various tricks of +ancient divination ventriloquism found a place; but I cannot give +that direct evidence which MR. SANSOM asks for. I think it very +likely that "<i>the wizards that peep and mutter</i>" (Isa. viii. +19.) were of this class; but it is not clear that the [Hebrew: +'obot]—the [Greek eggastrimuthoi] of the LXX.—were so. +The English version has "them that have familiar spirits." The +Hebrew word signifies <i>bottles</i>; and this may mean no more +than that the spirit of divination was contained in the person's +body as in a bottle, "using his body and his voice as instruments," +as in the place of Plutarch quoted above. We have something like +this, Acts, xix. 15., where "the evil spirit answered," no doubt in +the voice of the demoniac, "Jesus I know," &c. Michaelis +(Suppl., p. 39.) gives a different meaning and etymology to +[Hebrew: 'obot]. He derives it from the Arabic, which signifies (1) +<i>rediit</i>, (2) <i>occidit</i> sol, (3) <i>noctu venit</i> or +<i>noctu aliquid fecit</i>. The first and third of these meanings +will make it applicable to the [Greek: nekromanteia] (of which the +witch of Endor was a practitioner), which was carried on at night. +See Hor. <i>Sat.</i> I. ix.</p> +<p>I do not think that the damsel mentioned Acts, xvi. 16. was a +ventriloquist. The use of the word [Greek: ekraze] in the next +verse, would lead us to infer that she spoke in a loud voice +<i>with her mouth open</i>; whereas the [Greek: eggastrimuthoi] are +defined by Galen (<i>Glossar. Hippocr.</i>) as [Greek: oi +kekleismenou tou stomatos phthengomenoi].</p> +<p>Consult Vitringa and Rosenmüller on Isa. viii. 19., Wolf +and Kuinoel on Acts, xvi. 16., Biscoe on the Acts, ch. viii. +§2; where references will be found to many works which will +satisfy Mr. SANSOM better than this meagre note.</p> +<p class="author">[Hebrew: B]</p> +<p><i>Ventriloquism</i> (Vol. ii., p. 88.).—In reply to Query +1, I wish to call Mr. SANSOM'S attention to <i>Plutarch de +Oraculorum defectu</i> (Lipsiæ, 1777, vol. vii. p. 632.), and +to Webster's <i>Displaying of supposed Witchcraft</i> (chaps. vi. +and viii.). Queries 2 and 3. Besides the extraordinary work of +Webster, he may consult the elaborate dissertations of Allatius on +these subjects, in the eighth volume of <i>Critici Sacri</i>. Query +4. On the use of the term [Greek: eggastrimuthos] by the sacred +writers, <i>Ravanelli Biblioth. S.</i>, and by classical authors, +<i>Foesii Oeconomia Hippocratis</i>; and for synonymous "divinorum +ministrorum nomina," <i>Pollucis Onomasticon</i>.</p> +<p class="author">T.J.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.</h3> +<p><i>Earl of Oxford's Patent</i> (Vol. ii., p. 194.).—M.'s +quotation from the <i>Weekly Oracle</i> relates to Harley's having +been stabbed at the council-table by the Sieur de Guiscard, a +French Papist, brought up for examination 8th March, 1711. The +escape of the Chancellor of the Exchequer was the subject of an +address from both Houses to the Queen; and upon his being +sufficiently recovered to resume his seat, the Speaker delivered to +him the unanimous congratulations of the House of Commons. Harley +was shortly after created Earl of Oxford, by patent bearing date +24th May, 1711, which recites, <i>inter alia</i>,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Since, therefore, the two Houses of Parliament have declared +that the fidelity and affection he has expressed in our service +have exposed him to the hatred of wicked men, <i>and the desperate +rage of a villanous parricide</i>, since they have congratulated +his escape from such imminent dangers, and put us in mind that he +might not be preserved in vain, we willingly comply with their +desires, and grant him who comes so honourably recommended by the +votes of our Parliament, a place among our peer," &c. +&c.—Collin's <i>Peerage</i>, vol. iv. p. 260. edit. +1789.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Guiscard died in Newgate of the wounds which he received in the +scuffle when he was secured.</p> +<p class="author">BRAYBROOKE.</p> +<p class="note">[O.P.Q., who has kindly replied to M.'s inquiry, +has appended to his answer the following Query:—"Is Smollett +justified in using the words <i>assassin</i> and +<i>assassinate</i>, as applied to cases of intended homicide, when +death did not ensue?"]</p> +<p><i>The Darby Ram</i> (Vol. ii., p. 71.).—There is a +whimsical little volume, which, as it relates mainly to local +matters, may not have come under the notice of many of your +readers, to which I would refer your querist H.W.</p> +<p>It is entitled,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Gimcrackiana, or Fugitive Pieces on Manchester Men and Manners +ten years ago. Manchester, 1833." cr. 8vo.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>It is anonymous, but I believe truly ascribed to a clever young +bookseller of the name of J.S. Gregson, since dead.</p> +<p>At page 185. he gives twelve stanzas of this ballad, as the most +perfect copy from the oral chronicle of his greatgrandmother.</p> +<p>In <i>The Ballad Book</i> (Edinb. 1827, 12mo.), there is another +entitled "The Ram of Diram," of a similar kind, but consisting of +only six verses and chorus. And the <i>Dublin Penny Journal</i>, +vol. i., p. 283., contains a prose story, entitled "Darby and the +Ram," of the same veracious nature.</p> +<p class="author">F.R.A.</p> +<p><i>Rotten Row and Stockwell Street.</i>—R.R., of Glasgow, +inquires the etymology of these names (Vol. i., p. 441.). The +etymology of the first word possesses some interest, perhaps, at +the present time, owing to the name of the site of the intended +Exhibition from all Nations in Hyde Park. I sent to the publishers +of <i>Glasgow Delineated</i>, <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page236" id="page236"></a>{236}</span> which was printed at the +University press in 1826, a contradiction of the usual origin of +the name adopted in that city, showing the impossibility of the +expression bearing any reference to the dissoluteness or immorality +of the former residents, and also contradicting its having any +thing to do with "rats," or "rattons," <i>Scotticè</i>; +although, in 1458, the "Vicus Rattonum" is the term actually used +in the Archbishop of Glasgow's chartulary. My observations, which +were published in a note, concluded as follows:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The name, however, may be also traced to a very remote and +classic origin, although we are not aware that it has hitherto been +condescended on. In ancient Rome was what was called the Ratumena +Porta, 'a nomine ejus appellata (says Gessner in his Latin +<i>Thesaurus</i>) qui ludiero certamine quadrigis victor juvenis +Veiis consternatis equis excussus Romæ periit, qui equi +feruntur non ante constitisse quam pervenirent in Capitolium.' The +same story is related by Pliny, from whom and other authors, it +appears that the word Ratumena was then as proverbially applied to +jockies as Jehu in our own days. From the circumstance of the +Rotten Row Port (of Glasgow) having stood at the west end of this +street, and the Stable Green Port near the east end, which also led +to the Archbishop's castle, it is probably not only that it was the +street through which processions would generally proceed, but that +the port alluded to, and after it the street in question, were +dignified by the more learned of our ancestors with the Roman name +of which, or of the Latin Rota, the present appears a very natural +corruption."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I may here refer to Facciolati's <i>Dictionary, voce</i> +"Ratumena Porta," as well as Gessner's.</p> +<p>As to <i>Stockwell</i>, also a common name, it is obviously +indicative of the particular kind of well at the street, by which +the water was lifted not by a wheel, nor by a pump, nor a pulley, +but by a beam poised on or formed by a large <i>stock</i>, or +<i>block of wood</i>.</p> +<p class="author">Lambda.</p> +<p><i>Hornbooks</i> (Vol. ii., p. 167.).—Mr. Timbs will find +an account of hornbooks, with a woodcut of one of the time of Queen +Elizabeth, in Mr. Halliwell's <i>Notices of Fugitive Tracts</i>, +printed by the Percy Society, 1849. Your readers would confer a +favour on Mr. Timbs and myself by the communication of any +additional information.</p> +<p class="author">R.</p> +<p><i>Passages from Shakspeare</i> (Vol. ii., p. 135.).—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Ang.</i> We are all frail.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Isab.</i> Else let my brother die,</p> +<p>If not a feodary, but only he</p> +<p>Owe, and succeed thy weakness.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Ang.</i> Nay, women are frail too.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Measure for Measure</i>, Act. ii. Sc. 4.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>I should paraphrase Isabella's remarks thus:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"If it be otherwise, if we are not all frail as thou sayest, +then let my brother die, unless he be but in the same case as +others; if he alone possess and follow thee in that particular +frailty to which thou has half confessed."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>A feodary, I should observe, was an officer of the Court of +Wards, who was joined with the escheator and did not act singly; I +conceive therefore that Shakspeare by this expression indicates an +associate; one in the same plight as others; negatively, one who +does not stand alone. In <i>Cymbeline</i>, Act iii. Sc. 2., we +read:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Senseless bauble,</p> +<p>Art thou a <i>feodary</i> for this act, and lookst</p> +<p>So virgin-like without?"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>where feodary clearly means confederate, associate. According to +some, the word signifies one who holds land by the same tenure as +the rest of mankind; whilst Mr. Knight, in a note on <i>Henry +IV</i>. Part i. Act i. endeavors to show that it includes both the +companion and the feudal vassal.</p> +<p>"To owe" is frequently used by Shakspeare in the sense of to +possess, to own, as in Act i. Sc. 5. where Lucio says:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"But when they weep and kneel,</p> +<p>All their petitions are as freely theirs</p> +<p>As they themselves would <i>owe</i> them."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>So also in the following instances:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"The slaughter of the prince that <i>ow'd</i> that crown."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Richard III.</i>, Act. iv. Sc. 4.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"What art thou, that keepst me out from the house I</p> +<p><i>owe</i>?"</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Comedy of Errors</i>, Act iii. Sc. 1.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Then thou alone kingdoms of hearts shouldst <i>owe</i>."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Sonnet</i> lxx.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Further examples will be found in <i>A Lover's Complaint</i>, +the last line but two; <i>Pericles</i>, Act v. Sc. 1.; <i>Twelfth +Night</i>, Act. i Sc. 5., <i>Love's Labour's Lost</i>, Act i. Sc. +2.; <i>King John</i>, Act ii. Sc. 1.; <i>King Lear</i>, Act i. Sc. +4.</p> +<p>As the passage is allowed to be obscure, this attempt to explain +its meaning is submitted with great deference to the opinions of +your readers.</p> +<p class="author">Arun.</p> +<p><i>Mildew in Books</i> (Vol. ii., p. 103.).—In answer to +B. I mention that the following facts connected with mildew in +books have been elicited.</p> +<p>The mildew referred to is that which shows itself in the form of +roundish or irregular brown spots.</p> +<p>It is usually most abundant in those parts which are most +exposed to the air.</p> +<p>In making a microscopic examination of the spots, I ascertained +that there was no new structure present; but in manipulating I +found that these spots absorbed water more rapidly than the rest of +the paper.</p> +<p>On applying litmus, these spots were found to have a powerful +acid reaction.</p> +<p>On submitting the matter to a chemical friend, he ascertained +that the acid in question was the sulphuric, or oil of vitriol. +Experiments were then made with a dilute solution of this acid on +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page237" id= +"page237"></a>{237}</span> clean paper, and spots were produced +similar to those of mildew.</p> +<p>The acid does not naturally exist in paper, and its presence can +only be accounted for by supposing that the paper has been bleached +by the fumes of sulphur. This produces sulphurous acid, which, by +the influence of atmospheric air and moisture, is slowly converted +into sulphuric, and then produces the mildew. As this may be shown +to be an absolute <i>charring</i> of the fibres of which the paper +is composed, it is to be feared that it cannot be cured. After the +process has once commenced, it can only be checked by the utmost +attention to dryness, moisture being indispensable to its +extension, and vice versâ.</p> +<p>I do not know whether these facts are generally known, but they +would seem to be very important to paper-makers.</p> +<p class="author">T.I.</p> +<p><i>Pilgrims' Road to Canterbury</i> (Vol. ii., p. +199.).—Your correspondent PHILO-CHAUCER, I presume, desires +to know the old route to Canterbury. I should imagine that at the +time of Chaucer a great part of the country was uncultivated and +uninclosed, and a horse-track in parts of the route was probably +the nearest approximation to a road. At the present day, crossing +the London road at Wrotham, and skirting the base of the chalk +hills, there is a narrow lane which I have heard <i>called</i> "the +Pilgrims' road," and this, I suppose, is in fact the old Canterbury +road; though how near to London or Canterbury it has a distinct +existence, and to what extent it may have been absorbed in other +roads, I am not able to say. The title of "Pilgrims' road" I take +to be a piece of modern antiquarianism. In the immediate vicinity +of this portion there are some druidical remains: some at +Addington, and a portion of a small circle tolerably distinct in a +field and lane between, I think, Trottescliffe and Ryarsh. In the +absence of better information, you may perhaps make use of +this.</p> +<p class="author">S.H.</p> +<p><i>Abbé Strickland</i> (Vol. ii, p. 198.), of whom I.W.H. +asks for information, is mentioned by <i>Cox</i>, in his <i>Memoirs +of Sir Robert Walpole</i>, t. i. p. 442., and t. iii. p. 174.</p> +<p class="author">D. ROCK.</p> +<p><i>Etymology of Totnes.</i>—The Query of J.M.B. (Vol. i., +p 470.) not having been as yet answered, I venture to offer a few +notes on the subject; and, mindful of your exhortation to brevity, +compress my remarks into the smallest possible compass, though the +details of research which might be indulged in, would call for a +dissertation rather them a Note.</p> +<p>That Totnes is a place of extreme antiquity as a British town +cannot be doubted; first, from the site and character of its +venerable hill fortress; secondly, from the fact that the chief of +the four great British and Roman roads, the Fosse-way, commenced +there—"The ferthe of thisse is most of alle that tilleth from +Toteneis ... From the south-west to north-east into Englonde's +end;" and, thirdly, from the mention of it, and the antiquity +assigned to it by our earliest annals and chronicles. Without +entering into the question of the full authenticity of Brute and +the <i>Saxon Chronicle</i>, or the implicit adoption of the +legendry tales of Havillan and Geoffry of Monmouth, the concurring +testimony of those records, with the voice of tradition, the stone +of the landing, and the fact that the town is seated at the head of +an estuary the most accessible, the most sheltered, and the best +suited of any on the south-western coast for the invasion of such a +class of vessels as were those of the early navigators, abundantly +warrant the admission that it was the landing-place of some mighty +leader at a very early period of our history.</p> +<p>And now to the point of the etymology of <i>Totenais</i>, as it +stands in Domesday Book. We may, I think, safely dismiss the +derivation suggested by Westcote, on the authority of Leland, and +every thing like it derived from the French, as well as the unknown +tongue which he adopts in "Dodonesse." That we are warranted in +seeking to the Anglo-Saxon for etymology in this instance is shown +by the fact, that the names of places in Devon are very generally +derived from that language; <i>e.g.</i> taking a few only in the +neighbourhood of Totnes—Berry, Buckyatt, Dartington, Halwell, +Harberton, Hamstead, Hempstin, Stancombe.</p> +<p>First, of the termination <i>ais</i> or <i>eis</i>. The names of +many places of inferior consequence in Devon end in <i>hays</i>, +from the Ang.-Saxon <i>heag</i>, a hedge or inclosure; but this +rarely, if ever, designates a town or a place beyond a farmstead, +and seems to have been of later application as to a new location or +subinfeudation; for it is never found in Domesday Book. In that +ancient record the word <i>aisse</i> is often found alone, and +often as a prefix and as a terminal; <i>e.g.</i>, Aisbertone, +Niresse, Aisseford, Aisselie, &c. This is the Ang.-Saxon +<i>Aesc</i>, an ash; and it is uniformly so rendered in English: +but it also means a ship or boat, as built of ash. <i>Toten</i>, +the major of the name, is, I have no doubt, the genitive of +<i>Tohta</i>, "dux, herzog," a leader or commander. Thus we have +<i>Tohtanoesc</i>, the vessel of the leader, or the commander's +ship,—commemorating the fact that the boat of some great +invader was brought to land at this place.</p> +<p class="author">S.S.S</p> +<p><i>Ædricus qui Signa fundebat</i> (Vol. ii., p. 199), must +surely have been a bell-founder: signum is a very common word, in +mediæval writings, for a "bell."</p> +<p class="author">D. ROCK</p> +<p><i>Fiz-gig</i> (Vol. ii, p. 120).—I had expected that your +Querist C.B. would have received an <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page238" id="page238"></a>{238}</span> immediate reply to his +Query as to the meaning of <i>fiz-gig</i>, because the word is in +Johnson's <i>Dictionary</i>, where he may also see the line from +Sandys' <i>Job</i>, in which it caught his attention.</p> +<p>You may as well, therefore, tell him two things,—that +<i>fiz-gig</i> means a fish-cart and that Querists should abstain +from soliciting your aid in all cases where a common dictionary +would give them the information they want.</p> +<p class="author">H.W.</p> +<p><i>Guineas</i> (Vol. ii., p. 10.).—The coin named in the +document quoted by A.J.H. is the <i>Guiennois</i> a gold piece +struck at Guienne by Edward III., and also by his son the Black +Prince. It is not likely that the Guiennois was the original of the +name given to the new gold coin of Charles II., because it could +have had no claim to preference beyond the <i>Mouton</i>, the +<i>Chaise</i>, the <i>Pavillon</i>, or any other old Anglo-Gallic +coin. I think we may rest contented with the statement of Leake +(who wrote not much more than half a century after the event), and +who says that the <i>Guinea</i> was so called from the gold of +which it was made having been brought from Guinea by the African +Company, whose stamp of an elephant was ordered to be impressed +upon it.</p> +<p class="author">J.C. Witton.</p> +<p><i>Numismatics.</i>—My thanks are due to Mr. J.C. Witton +(Vol. ii., p. 42.) for his replies to my Numismatic Queries, though +I cannot coincide with his opinion on Nos. 1. and 3.</p> +<p>No ancient forger would have taken the pains to cut a die to +strike lead from; and my specimen, from its sharpness, has clearly +never been in circulation: why may it not have been a proof from +the original die?</p> +<p>Of No. 2. I have since been shown several specimens, which had +before, I suppose, escaped my notice.</p> +<p>On the coin of Macrinus, the letter below the S.C. now clearly +appears to be an η, but the one above is not a Δ, but +rather an L or inverted T. It cannot stand for [Greek: Lykabas], as +on the Egyptian coinage, as Macrinus was slain by his soldiers the +year after his accession.</p> +<p>The Etruscilla, even under a powerful magnifier, betrays no +trace of ever having been plated and has all the marks by which +numismatists determine the genuineness of a coin. The absence of +S.C., I must remind Mr. W., is not uncommon on <i>third</i> brass, +though of course it always appears on the first and second.</p> +<p>I need go no farther than the one just mentioned of Tiberius, +which has no S.C., and I possess several others which are deficient +in this particular, a Severus Alexander, Elagabalus, &c. After +Gallienus it never appears.</p> +<p class="author">E.S.T.</p> +<p><i>Querela Cantabrigiensis</i> (Vol. ii, p. 168.).—Dr. +Peter Barwick, in the life of his brother, Dr. Jno. Barwick (Eng. +Edit. Lond. 1724, 8vo.), after describing the treatment of the +University by Cromwell, adds (p. 32.) "But Mr. Barwick, no +inconsiderable part of this tragedy, together with others of the +University, groaning under the same yoke of tyranny, and each +taking a particular account of the sufferings of his own college, +gave a distinct narrative of all these barbarities, and under the +title of <i>Querela Cantabrigiensis</i>, or the <i>University of +Cambridge's Complaint</i>, got it printed by the care of Mr. +R—— B——, bookseller of <i>London</i> who +did great service to his King and country, by printing, and +dispersing in the most difficult times, books written in defence of +the royal cause." See also <i>Biog. Brit.</i>, article +"Barwick".</p> +<p class="author">John I. Dredge.</p> +<p><i>Ben Johnson</i> (Vol. ii., p. 167.)—So the name was +spelt by most of his contemporaries. The poem mentioned by N.A.B. +is printed in the <i>Underwoods</i>, Gifford's edition, ix., 68; +but the MS. may contain variations worthy of notice. I should doubt +its being autograph, not merely because the poet spelt his name +without the <i>h</i>, but because the verses in question are only +part of his <i>Eupheme</i>.</p> +<p class="author">J.O. Halliwell.</p> +<p><i>Barclay's "Argenis".</i>—Since I sent you a Query on +this subject, I have heard of <i>one</i> translation, by Miss Clara +Reeve, the authoress of <i>The Old English Baron</i> and other +works. She commenced her literary career, I believe, by a +translation of this work, which she published in 1772, under the +title of <i>The Phoenix</i>.</p> +<p class="author">Jarltzberg.</p> +<p><i>Hockey</i> (Vol. i., p. 457.).—I have not observed that +this has been yet noticed: if such be the case, permit me to refer +to a letter of the poet Cowper, dated 5th Nov., 1785 (5th vol. +<i>Works</i>, edit. by Southey, p. 174.) in which, alluding to that +day, he says,</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The boys at Olney have likewise a very entertaining sport which +commences annually upon this day; they call it <i>hockey</i>, and +it consists in dashing each other with mud, and the windows also, +so that I am forced to rise now and then and to threaten them with +a horsewhip, to preserve our own."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">F.R.A.</p> +<p><i>Praed's Poetical Works</i> (Vol. ii., p. 190.).—Your +Cambridge correspondent, Mr. Cooper, will be glad to know that +Praed's <i>poems</i> are published in a collected form; <i>Poetical +Works of Winthrop Mackworth Praed, now first collected by Rufus W. +Griswold; New York</i>, 1844. This collection contains some +thirty-six pieces. The longest poems, "Lillian" and "The +Troubadour," each in two cantos, display passages of great beauty +and exquisite musical flow. Among the charades, five in number, +"Sir Harry, he charged at Agincourt", is not to be found.</p> +<p class="author">W.M. Kingsmill.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page239" id= +"page239"></a>{239}</span> +<h2>MISCELLANEOUS</h2> +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3> +<p>We announced, after the last Annual Meetings of the Shakspeare +Society, that it had been determined to publish a complete set of +the Plays of one of Shakspeare's most prolific and interesting +contemporaries, Thomas Heywood; and that the first volume of such +collection, containing Six Plays, was then ready. A further +contribution towards this collection, containing <i>The Royal King +and Loyal Subject</i>, which has not been reprinted since the old +edition of 1637, and his very popular drama, <i>A Woman killed with +Kindness</i>, has just been issued, with an Introduction and Notes +by J. Payne Collier, Esq., the zealous and indefatigable Director +of the Society, and will, we are sure, be welcomed by every lover +of our early drama. The Shakspeare Society will, indeed, do good +service to the cause of our early literature if it prove the means +of securing us, a uniform series of the works of such of our +Elizabethan dramatists as do not stand sufficiently high in the +opinion of the uninitiated, to tempt the publishing world to put +forth their productions in a collected form.</p> +<p>We have received the following Catalogues:—John Petheram's +(94. High Holborn) Catalogue, Part CXV. (No. 9. for 1850), of Old +and New Books; Cole's (15. Great Turnstile) List, No. XXVIII., of +Useful Second-hand Books.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</h3> +<h4>WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h4> +<p>Diurnal Readings, 1 vol. 8vo.</p> +<p>Scottish Poems collected by Pinkerton, 2 vols. sm. 8vo., +1792.</p> +<h4>ODD VOLUMES</h4> +<p>Bell's Shakspeare's Plays and Poems. Vol. I.</p> +<p>Ivimey's History of the Baptists. Vol. II.</p> +<p>Edwards' Gangræna. Parts II. and III.</p> +<p>Asiatic Annual Register. Vol. VII. for 1805.</p> +<p>Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage +free</i>, to be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES", +186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>Notices to Correspondents.</h3> +<p>Nocab <i>is informed that the Prelate to whom he refers was +created a D.D. by the late Archbishop of Canterbury. It certainly +is not necessary that the recipient of such a degree should have +previously taken that of M.A. or B.A.</i></p> +<p>H.I.G., <i>Northampton. The Editor would be happy to insert the +Question of this Correspondent, relating to the Epistles of St. +Paul, but he apprehends that the discussion to which it would give +rise would, in order to its being of any use, require more space +than could be afforded, and involve a good deal of criticism and +argument not suited to these columns.</i></p> +<p>A.B. <i>(Bradpole) will find a notice of the line "Incidis in +Scyllam", &c., which is taken from Gualter de Lisle's +Alexandriad, in Notes and Queries, Vol. ii., p. 86.</i></p> +<p><i>The loan of a copy of the Teseide is freely offered to our +Brighton correspondent</i>.</p> +<p>To be Published by Subscription, in 3 vols. fcp. 8vo.</p> +<p>I. NORTHERN MYTHOLOGY, comprising the Principal Later +Superstitions of Scandinavia.</p> +<p>II. POPULAR TRADITIONS of Scandinavia and the Netherlands. By B. +Thorpe.</p> +<p>The work will be sent to press as soon as the number subscribed +for shall be adequate to cover the cost of printing.</p> +<p>Names received by Messrs. R. and J.E. Taylor, Red Lion Court, +Fleet-street.</p> +<hr class="adverts" /> +<p>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE and HISTORICAL REVIEW for AUGUST +contains, among other articles,</p> +<p>Unpublished Anecdotes of Sir Thomas Wyatt.</p> +<p>Roman Art at Cirencester (with Engravings).</p> +<p>The Congress of Vienna and Prince de Ligne.</p> +<p>Letter of H.R.H. the Duke of York in 1787.</p> +<p>Monuments in Oxford Cathedral (with two Plates).</p> +<p>Michael Drayton and his "Idea's Mirrour."</p> +<p>Date of the erection of Chaucer's Tomb.</p> +<p>Letters of Dr. Maitland and Mr. Stephens on The Ecclesiastical +History Society: with Remarks.</p> +<p>The British Museum Catalogue and Mr. Panizzi.</p> +<p>Reviews of Correspondence of Charles V., the Life of Southey, +&c., &c., Notes of the Month, Literary and Antiquarian +Intelligence, Historical Chronicle, and Obituary. Price +2<i>s.</i>6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>"The Gentleman's Magazine has been revived with a degree of +spirit and talent which promises the best assurance of its former +popularity."—<i>Taunton Courier.</i></p> +<p>"A better or more valuable work for country book societies, +lending libraries, and reading rooms, it is impossible to find +within the whole compass of English literature. Its literary +articles are peculiarly sound in principle, and its criticisms +liberal but just; whilst its Obituary confers upon it a national +importance. We are sure then we cannot do a better service to our +friends, and more especially to those connected with institutions +like those we have adverted to, than in recommending this work to +their support."—<i>Nottingham Review</i>.</p> +<p>Nichols and Son, 25. Parliament Street.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>BUILDING FOR THE EXHIBITION OF INDUSTRY OF ALL NATIONS, +1851.</h3> +<p>THE ATHENÆUM</p> +<p>Of Saturday, August 31st, contains a perspective view of Mr. +Paxton's design for the building as finally approved by Her +Majesty's Commissioners, and now in course of erection in Hyde +Park. The Athenæum of Saturday, the 7th of September, will +contain a view of the south front, a view of the east front, a +portion on an enlarged scale, and a ground plan.</p> +<p>Several journals having published views of a building which it +was supposed would be the building erected, the publisher of The +Athenæum considers it proper to state that the views +announced above have never been seen by the public, and are totally +dissimilar to those engraved in the professional journals.</p> +<p>The Athenæum is published every Saturday, and may be had, +by order, of any Bookseller, price 4<i>d.</i>, or stamped to pass +free by post, 5<i>d.</i>; and contains,</p> +<p>Reviews, with extracts, of every important new English book, and +of the more important foreign.</p> +<p>Reports of the learned and scientific societies, with abstracts +of all papers of interest.</p> +<p>Authentic Accounts of all scientific voyages and +expeditions.</p> +<p>Criticisms on Art, with critical notices of exhibitions, picture +collections, new prints, &c.</p> +<p>Foreign Correspondence on literature, science, and art.</p> +<p>Music and Drama, including reports on the opera, concerts, +theatres, new music, &c.</p> +<p>Biographical Notices of men distinguished in literature, +science, and art.</p> +<p>Original Papers and Poems.</p> +<p>Miscellanea, including all that is likely to interest the +informed and intelligent.</p> +<p>The Athenæum is so conducted that the reader, however far +distant, is, in respect to literature, science, and the arts, on an +equality, in point of information, with the best-informed circles +of the metropolis.</p> +<p>The publisher will on this occasion send a single copy on +receipt of five postage stamps.</p> +<p>Office, 14. Wellington-Street North, Strand, London.</p> +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page240" id= +"page240"></a>{240}</span> +<p>BOOKS RECENTLY PUBLISHED BY JOHN HENRY PARKER, OXFORD AND 377. +STRAND, LONDON.</p> +<hr /> +<p>I. THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND LEAVES HER CHILDREN FREE TO WHOM TO +OPEN THEIR GRIEFS. A Letter to the Rev. W.U. RICHARDS, Minister of +Margaret Chapel. By the Rev. E.B. PUSEY, D.D. 8vo. 5<i>s.</i></p> +<p>II. THE ROYAL SUPREMACY NOT AN ARBITRARY AUTHORITY, BUT LIMITED +BY THE LAWS OF THE CHURCH OF WHICH KINGS ARE MEMBERS. By the Rev. +E.B. PUSEY, D.D., Regius Professor of Hebrew, Canon of Christ +Church, late Fellow of Oriel College. Part 1. Ancient Precedents. +8vo. 7<i>s.</i> Part II. in the press.</p> +<p>III. THE CHARACTER OF PILATE AND THE SPIRIT OF THE AGE. A Course +of Sermons preached at the Chapel Royal, Whitehall, by the Rev. W. +SEWELL, B.D., Fellow and Tutor of Exeter College, and Whitehall +Preacher, 12mo. Price 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>IV. WESTMINSTER CHURCHES. A Sermon preached in the Chapel Royal, +Whitehall, on the Fourth Sunday after Easter, 1850. By the Rev. W. +SEWELL. 12mo. 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>V. DAILY STEPS TOWARDS HEAVEN. A small pocket volume, containing +a few PRACTICAL THOUGHTS on the GOSPEL HISTORY, with Texts for +every Day in the Year, commencing with Advent. A new edition, +cloth, 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; bound, 4<i>s.</i></p> +<p>VI. HYMNALE SECUNDUM USUM INSIGNIS AC PRAECLARAE ECCLESIAE +SARISBURIENSIS. Accedunt Hymni quidam secundum usus Matris +Ecclesiæ Eboracensis et insignis Ecclesiæ Herford. +18mos. cloth. 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>VII. A REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE GENERAL MEETING OF +CLERGY AND LAITY AT ST. MARTIN'S HALL, AND FREEMASONS' HALL, July +23, 1850. Reprinted from the "Guardian," with Revisions. 12mo. +Price 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>VIII. FIVE SERMONS ON THE PRINCIPLES OF FAITH AND CHURCH +AUTHORITY. By the Rev. C. MARRIOTT, B.D., Fellow of Oriel College, +Oxford, and Vicar of St. Mary the Virgin, in Oxford. 8vo. +2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>IX. A PLEA FOR THE FAITHFUL RESTORATION OF OUR ANCIENT CHURCHES. +By GEORGE GILBERT SCOTT, Architect. Crown 8vo. 2<i>s.</i> +6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>X. AN ESSAY ON THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF WINDOW TRACERY IN +ENGLAND. With Numerous Illustrations. Two Parts, 8vo., price +5<i>s.</i> each.</p> +<p>XI. A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN GRECIAN, ROMAN, ITALIAN, AND +GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE. Exemplified by upwards of Eighteen Hundred +Illustrations, drawn from the best Examples. Fifth Edition, 3 vols. +8vo. cloth, gilt tops, 2<i>l.</i> 8<i>s.</i></p> +<hr /> +<p>THE PUBLISHERS' CIRCULAR AND GENERAL RECORD OF BRITISH and +FOREIGN LITERATURE, containing a complete alphabetical list of all +new works published in Great Britain, and every work of interest +published abroad. On the 15th instant, will be published No. 312. +vol. xiii. price 4<i>d.</i>, (subscription, 8<i>s.</i> per annum), +<i>stamped</i>. To book societies, book-buyers, and all persons +engaged in literary pursuits, the "Circular" is of material +service, containing, as it does, a perfect transcript of the Title, +number of Pages and Plates, Size, and Price of every Book published +in the United Kingdom, or imported from Foreign Countries,—a +desideratum never before attempted in England. It contains also the +Advertisements and Announcements of all the principal publishing +houses. To publishers it is one of the most useful channels for +advertising their publications, as well as all other matters +relating to the trade, there being but few booksellers who do not +find it to their interest to read and circulate it. Issued every +Fortnight. Published on the 1st and 15th of every month, by SAMPSON +LOW, at the office, 169. Fleet-street, London.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Preparing for publication, in 2 vols. small 8vo.</p> +<p>THE FOLK-LORE of ENGLAND. By WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary +of the Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays and +Legends of all Nations," &c. One objec. of the present work is +to furnish new contributions to the History of our National +Folk-Lore; and especially some of the more striking Illustrations +of the subject to be found in the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other +Continental Antiquaries.</p> +<p>Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable +Customs and Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are +earnestly solicited, and will be thankfully acknowledged by the +Editor. They may be addressed to the care of Mr. BELL, Office of +"NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>TESTIMONIAL TO DR. CONOLLY.—At a meeting held at 12. Old +Burlington Street, Saturday, August 3d. 1850, the Right Hon. Lord +Ashley in the chair; the following resolutions among others were +unanimously agreed to:</p> +<p>That Dr. JOHN CONOLLY, of Hanwell, is, in the opinion of this +meeting, eminently entitled to some public mark of esteem and +gratitude, for his long, zealous, disinterested, and most +successful labours in ameliorating the treatment of the insane.</p> +<p>That a committee be now formed, for the purpose of carrying into +effect the foregoing Resolution, by making the requisite +arrangements for the presentation to Dr. Conolly of <i>A Public +Testimonial</i>, commemorative of his invaluable services in the +cause of humanity, and expressive of the just appreciation of those +services by his numerous friends and admirers, and by the public +generally.</p> +<p>THE COMMITTEE subsequently resolved:</p> +<p>That in the opinion of the committee, the most appropriate +Testimonial will be a PORTRAIT of Dr. CONOLLY (for which he is +requested to sit), to be presented to his family, and an ENGRAVING +of the same, to be presented to the subscribers; and that the +ultimate arrangement of this latter point be made at a future +meeting of the committee.</p> +<p>It has been determined that the individual subscriptions shall +be limited to Five Guineas; that subscribers of Two Guineas and +upwards shall receive a proof impression of the Engraving; and +subscribers of One Guinea, a print.</p> +<p>It is also proposed to present Dr. CONOLLY with a piece of +plate, should the funds permit after defraying the expenses of the +painting and engraving.</p> +<p>Subscribers' names and subscriptions will be received by the +secretaries, at 12. Old Burlington Street, and 4. Burlington +Gardens, and by the Treasurers, at the Union Bank, Regent Street +Branch, Argyll Place, London. Post-office Orders should be made +payable at the Post-office <i>Piccadilly</i>, to one of the +Secretaries.</p> +<p>JOHN FORBES, RICHARD FRANKUM, <i>Secretaries</i>.</p> +<p><i>London, August 3d, 1850</i>.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at +No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City +of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, +in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, +Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, +September 7. 1850.</p> +<hr class="full" /> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 45, Saturday, +September 7, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 45, *** + +***** This file should be named 13427-h.htm or 13427-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/3/4/2/13427/ + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team and The Internet Library of Early Journals, + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries, No. 45, Saturday, September 7, 1850 + A Medium Of Inter-Communication For Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc. + + +Author: Various + +Release Date: September 10, 2004 [EBook #13427] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 45, *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team and The Internet Library of Early Journals, + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 45.] SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * {225} + + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- + Folk Lore:--The first Mole in Cornwall--"A whistling + Wife," &c.--A Charm for Warts--Hanging out + the broom. 225 + Lord Plunket and St. Agobard. 226 + Notes on Cunningham's Handbook of London, By E.F. + Rimbault. 227 + Notes on Coleridge's Aids to Reflection, by J.E.B. + Mayor. 228 + Minor Notes:--Capture of Henry VI.--Notes from + Mentmore Register. 228 + +QUERIES:-- + Joachim, the French Ambassador. 229 + Roman Catholic Translations of the Scriptures, &c. 229 + Minor Queries:--The Lost Tribes--Partrige Family--Commoner + marrying a Peeress--The Character "&"--Combs buried with + the Dead--Cave's Historia Literaria--Julin--Richardson + Family--Arabic Name of Tobacco--Pole Money--Welsh Money--A + Skeleton in every House--Whetstone of Reproof--Morganatic + Marriages--Gospel of Distaffs. 230 + +REPLIES:-- + Poeta Anglicus. 232 + Caxton's Printing-office, by J.G. Nichols. 233 + The Use of Coffins, by Rev. A. Gatty. 234 + Shakspeare's Use of the Word "Delighted". 234 + Ventriloquism. 234 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Earl of Oxford's Patent--The + Darby Ram--Rotten Row and Stockwell + Street--Hornbooks--Passages from Shakspeare--Mildew in + Books--Pilgrims' Road to Canterbury--Abbe Strickland--Etymology + of Totnes--AEdricus qui Signa fundebat--Fiz-gig--Guineas-- + Numismatics--Querela Cantabrigiensis--Ben Johnson--Barclay's + "Argenis"--Hockey--Praed's Poetical Works. 235 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 239 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. 239 + Notices to Correspondents. 239 + Advertisements. 240 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + +FOLK LORE. + +_The First Mole in Cornwall; a Morality from the Stowe of Morwenna, in +the Rocky Land._--A lonely life for the dark and silent mole! She glides +along her narrow vaults, unconscious of the glad and glorious scenes of +earth, and air, and sea! She was born, as it were, in a grave, and in +one long living sepulchre she dwells and dies! Is not existence to her a +kind of doom? Wherefore is she thus a dark, sad exile from the blessed +light of day? Hearken! Here, in our own dear Cornwall, the first mole +was a lady of the land! Her abode was in the far west, among the hills +of Morwenna, beside the Severn sea. She was the daughter of a lordly +race, the only child of her mother, and the father of the house was +dead. Her name was Alice of the Lea. Fair was she and comely, tender and +tall; and she stood upon the threshold of her youth. But most of all did +men wonder at the glory of her large blue eyes. They were, to look upon, +like the summer waters, when the sea is soft with light! They were to +her mother a joy, and to the maiden herself--ah! benedicite--a pride. +She trusted in the loveliness of those eyes, and in her face, and +features, and form: and so it was that the damsel was wont to pass the +summer's day, in the choice of rich apparel, and precious stones, and +gold. Howbeit this was one of the ancient and common customs of those +old departed days. Now, in the fashion of her stateliness, and in the +hue and texture of her garments, there was none among the maidens of old +Cornwall like Alice of the Lea. Men sought her far and nigh, but she was +to them all, like a form of graven stone, careless and cold. Her soul +was set upon a Granville's love, fair Sir Bevil of Stowe, the flower of +the Cornish chivalry--that noble gentleman! that valorous knight! He was +her star. And well might she wait upon his eyes; for he was the garland +of the west--the loyal soldier of a sainted king. He was that stately +Granville who lived a hero-life, and died a warrior's death! + +Now there was signal made of banquet in the halls of Stowe, of wassail, +and the dance. The messengers had sped, and Alice of the Lea would be +there. Robes, precious and many, were unfolded from their rest, and the +casket poured forth jewel and gem, that the maiden might stand before +the knight victorious! It was the day--the hour--the time. Her mother +sate by her wheel at the hearth. The page waited in the hall. She came +down in her loveliness into the old oak room, and stood before the +mirrored glass. Her robe was of woven velvet, rich, and glossy, and +soft; jewels shone like stars in the midnight of her raven hair, and on +her hand there gleamed, afar off, a bright and glorious ring! She {226} +stood--she gazed upon her own countenance and form, and worshipped! "Now +all good angels succour thee, dear Alice, and bend Sir Bevil's soul! +Fain am I to see thee a wedded wife, before I die! I yearn to hold thy +children on my knee! Often shall I pray to-night that the Granville +heart may yield! Thy victory shall be my prayer!" + +"Prayer!" was the haughty answer; "with the eyes that I see in that +glass, and this vesture meet for a queen, I lack no doubting prayer!" + +Saint Mary shield us! Ah words of evil soul! There was a shriek--a +sob--a cry: and where was Alice of the Lea? Vanished--gone. They had +heard wild tones of sudden music in the air. There was a rush--a beam of +light--and she was gone, and that for ever! East sought they her, and +west, in northern paths and south; but she was never more seen in the +lands. Her mother wept till she had not a tear left; none sought to +comfort her, for it was vain. Moons waxed and waned, and the crones by +the cottage-hearth had whiled away many a shadowy night with tales of +Alice of the Lea. + +But, at the last, as the gardener in the Pleasance leaned one day on his +spade, he saw among the roses a small round hillock of earth, such as he +had never seen before, and upon it something which shone. It was her +ring! It was the very jewel she had worn the day she vanished out of +sight! They looked earnestly upon it, and they saw within the border +(for it was wide) the tracery of certain small fine letters in the +ancient Cornish tongue, which said,-- + + "Beryan Erde, + Oyn und Perde!" + +Then came the priest of the Place of Morwenna, a gray and silent man! He +had served long years at a lonely altar, a bent and solitary form. But +he had been wise in the language of his youth, and he read the legend +thus-- + + "The earth must hide + Both eyes and pride!" + +Now, as he uttered these words, they stood in the Pleasance by the +mound; and on a sudden there was a low faint cry! They beheld, and O +wondrous and strange! there was a small dark creature, clothed in a soft +velvet skin, in texture and in hue like the Lady Alice her robe; and +they saw, as it went into the earth, that it moved along without eyes, +in everlasting night. Then the ancient priest wept, for he called to +mind all these things, and saw what they meant; and he showed them how +this was the maiden, who had been visited with doom for her pride. +Therefore her rich array had been changed into the skin of a creeping +thing and her large proud eyes were sealed up; and she herself had +become + + The first mole! + Of the hillocks of Cornwall! + +Ah! woe is me! and well-a-day! that damsel so stately and fair, sweet +Lady Alice of the Lea, should be made for a judgement--the dark mother +of the moles! + +Now take ye good heed, Cornish maidens, how ye put on vain apparel, to +win love. And cast down your eyes, all ye damsels of the west, and look +ye meekly on the ground! Be ye good and gentle, tender and true; and +when ye see your image in the glass, and begin to be lifted up with the +beauty of that shadowy thing, call to mind the maiden of Morwenna, her +noble eyes and comely countenance, the vesture of price and the +glittering ring. Sit ye by the wheel, as of old they sate and as ye draw +the lengthening wool, sing ye ever-more and say, + + "Beryan Erde, + Oyn and Perde!" + + * * * * * + +"A whistling Wife" &c.--I can supply another version of the couplet +quoted in "Folk Lore" (Vol. ii., p. 164.), which has the merit of being +more rhymical and mysterious. In what district it was current I know +not. + + "A whistling wife and a crowing hen + Will call the old gentleman out of his den." + +G.L.B. + + +_A Charm for Warts._--In some parts of Ireland, especially towards the +south, they place great faith in the following charm:--When a funeral is +passing by, they rub the warts and say three times, "May these warts and +this corpse pass away and never more return;" sometimes adding, "in the +name of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost." + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_"Hanging out the Broom"._--Besides the instance given by Mr. R.F. +Johnson (Vol. i., p. 384.), perhaps some of your readers can inform me +of the origin of a somewhat similar custom, applicable to all ships and +vessels for sale or hire, by the broom (all old one being generally +used) being attached to the mast-head: if of two masts, to the +foretop-mast head. + +WP. + + * * * * * + +LORD PLUNKET AND SAINT AGOBARD. + +Some of your readers may remember a speech in parliament by, as I think, +Lord Plunket, in which his lordship argued with great eloquence in +behalf of the Bill for the Emancipation of the Roman Catholics. Among +many passages therein of equal truth and rhetorical power, there was one +long afterwards much quoted, paraphrased, and praised. It was that in +which he reminded the House, that those for whom he pleaded were +fellow-subjects of the same race, offspring of the same Creator, alike +believers in the One true God, the equal recipients of His mercies, +appealing for {227} His blessings though the medium of the same faith, +and looking forward for salvation to the One Intercessor, Mediator, and +Sacrifice for all,--men, who, as they did, addressed the Eternal in the +form of that "Universal prayer"--Our Father--the authority and the +privilege of one common parentage, offered by the all in the union of +the same spirit, in the conviction of the same wants, in the aspiration +of the same hope. I say, I think Lord Plunket so spoke, for I write from +memory dating from the period when George the Third was king. Now be +this so: according to the dogmas of some critics, Lord Plunket may be +convicted of an eloquent plagiary. Read the following extract from a +missive by S. Agobard, to be found in the _Bibl. Vet. Patrum_, tome +xiii, page 429., by Galland, addressed "Ad praefatum Imperatorem, +adversus legem Gundobadi et impia certamina quae per eam geruntur," and +say whether, in spite of the separation of centuries, there does not +appear a family likeness, though there were no family acquaintance +between them; Saint Agobard being Bishop of Lyons in the ninth centry, +and Lord Plunket Attorney-General for Ireland in the nineteenth. + +The Saint is pleading against the judical ordeal: + + "Illi autem profecti, praedicaverunt ubique Domino cooperante; + annuntiataque est ab eis omni creaturae; id est, cunetis + nationibus mundi; una fides indita per Deum, una spes diffusa + per Spiritum Sanctum in cordibus credentium, una caritas nata in + omnibus, una voluntas, accensum unum desiderium, tradita una + oratio; ut omnes omnino ex diversis gentibus, diversis + conditionibus, diverso sexu, nobilitate, honestate, servitute + diversa, simul dicant uni Deo, et Patri omnium; Pater Noster qui + es, &c., sicut unum Patrem invocantes, ita unam santificationem + quaerentes, unum regnum postulantes, unam adimpletionem + voluntatis ejus, sicut fit in coelo optantes; unum sibi panem + quotidianum dari precantes et omnibus dimitti debita." + +To which other passages might be added, as, in fact, S. Agobard pursues +the one idea until he hunts it down to the one effect of sameness and +common antithesis. Should we say Lord Plunket had read these passages, +and is thereby convicted of eloquent plagiary? I say, No! Lauder then +equally convicted Milton of trespassing on the thoughts of others, by +somewhat apposite quotations from the classics. We are, in truth, too +much inclined to this. The little, who cannot raise themselves to the +stature of the great, are apt to strive after a socialist level, by +reducing all to one same standard--their own. Truth is common to all +ages, and will obtain utterance by the truthful and the eloquent +throughout all time. + +S.H. + +Athenaeum, August 12. + + * * * * * + +NOTES ON THE SECOND EDITION OF MR. CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK OF LONDON + +14. _Long Acre._ Mr. Cunningham, upon the authority of Parton's _History +of St. Giles's_, says: + + "First known as the Elms, then called Seven Acres, and since + 1612, from the length of a certain slip of ground, then first + used as a public pathway, as Long Acre." + +The latter part of this statement is incorrect. The Seven Acres were +known as _Long Acre_ as early as 1552, when they were granted to the +Earl of Bedford. See _Strype_, B. vi. p. 88. + +Machyn, in his _Diary_, printed by the Camden Society, p. 21., under the +date A.D. 1556, has the following allusion to the _Acre_: + + "The vj day of December the Abbot of Westminster went a + procession with his convent. Before him went all the Santuary + men with crosse keys upon their garments, and after went iij for + murder: on was the Lord Dacre's sone of the North, was wypyd + with a shett abowt him for kyllyng of on Master West, squyre, + dwellyng besyd ... and anodur theyff that dyd long to one of + Master Comtroller ... dyd kylle Recherd Eggylston the + Comtroller's tayller, and kylled him in the _Long Acurs_, the + bak-syd Charyng Crosse." + +15. _Norfolk House, St. James's Square._ The present Norfolk House was +built from a design by R. Brettingham, in 1742, by Thomas Duke of +Norfolk, and finished by his brother Edward in 1762. Mr. Cunningham +speaks as if the old house, in which George III. was born, was still +standing. + +16. _Soho Square._ Mr. Cunningham has not corrected his mistake about +Mrs. Cornelys's house in this square, (see "Notes and Queries," vol. i., +pp. 244, 450.). _D'Almaine's_, which Mr. Cunningham confounds with Mrs. +Cornelys's, was at a former period tenanted by the Duke of Argyll; then +by the Earl of Bradford; and, at a later time, by the celebrated Onslow, +who held his parliamentary levees in the principal drawing-room. The +ceilings of the best rooms are adorned with paintings by Rebecca and +Angelica Kauffman. + +Mr. Cunningham has taken some pains to destroy the _Pennant_ tradition +concerning the name of this square, but he has not given us one +important piece of information, i.e. that between the years 1674 and +1681, the ground was surveyed by _Gregory King_, an eminent architect of +those days, who projected the square with the adjacent streets. Query, +Did it not take the name of _King's_ Square from the architect? This +seems very probable; more especially as the statue of Charles I. was not +placed in the square until the beginning of the next century. The centre +space was originally occupied by a splendid fountain, (the work of +Colley Cibber's father), an estimate of the "cost and charges" of which +is now before me. + +Among the eminent inhabitants of this square, not noticed by Mr. +Cunningham, were the following:--Lord {228} Berkely, Lord Byron, Lord +Grimstone, Lord Howard, Lord Leicester, Sir Thomas Mansel, Lord Morpeth, +Lord Nottingham, Lord Peterborough, Lord Pierrepoint, Lord Pigot, Dudley +North, the Earl of Dartmouth, the Duchess of Cleveland, the Duchess of +Wharton, &c. These names appear in the books of the parish of St. Anne, +between the years of 1708 and 1772. + +17. _Surrey Institution._ At one period (about 1825), this building was +known as the _Blackfriars Rotundo_. Here that execrable character, +Robert Taylor, who styled himself "the Devil's Chaplain," delivered his +blasphemous discourses. + +18. _Opera House._ Mr. Cunningham, speaking of the translation of +_Arsinoe_, the first Anglo-Italian opera performed in this country, +says: "The translation was made by Thomas Clayton." This is an error, +for Clayton himself says, in his preface: "I was obliged to have an +Italian opera translated." Clayton was the composer of the music. + +19. _James's (St.) Chapel, St. James's Palace._ Mr. Cunningham says, +"The service is chanted by the boys of the Chapel Royal." This ought to +read, "The service is chaunted by the boys _and gentlemen_ of the Chapel +Royal" The musical service of our cathedrals and collegiate +establishments cannot be performed without four kinds of voices, treble, +alto, tenor, and bass. + +20. _Bagnigge Wells._ Mr. Cunningham makes a strange mistake concerning +this once popular place of amusement when he says, "first opened to the +public in the year 1767." A stone, still to be seen, let into the wall +over what was formerly the garden entrance, has the following +inscription: + + "S + T + This is Bagnigge + Hovse neare + The Pinder a + Wakefeilde + 1680." + +The gardens were first opened for the accommodation of persons who +partook of the mineral springs; subsequently, amusements were added; and +in Bickham's curious work, _The Musical Entertainer_ (circa 1738), is an +engraving of Tom Hippersley mounted in the "singing rostrum," regaling +the company with a song. About half a century after this date, a regular +orchestra was erected, and the entertainments resembled Marylebone +Gardens and Vauxhall. The old house and gardens were demolished in 1842, +to make room for several new streets. + +Edward F. Rimbault. + + * * * * * + +NOTES ON COLERIDGE'S AIDS TO REFLECTION + +(2nd Edition, 1831) + +Introductory Aphorisms, No. xii., p. 7.: + + "Tertullian had good reason for his assertation, that the + simplest Christian (if indeed a Christian) knows more than the + most accomplished irreligious philosopher." + +The passage referred to is in the Apology, c. 46: + + "Deum quilibet opifex Christianus et invenit et ostendit et + exinde totum, quod in Deo quaeritur, re quoque assignat; licet + Plato affirmet factitatorem universitatis neque inveniri facilem + et inventum enarrari in omnes difficilem." + +Note to Aphorism xxxi., p. 30.: + + "To which he [Plato] may possibly have referred in his phrase + [Greek: theoparadotos sophia]." + +Possibly Coleridge may have borrowed this from Berkeley's _Siris_, Sec. +301., where [Greek: theoparadotos philosophia] is cited from "a heathen +writer." The word [Greek: theoparadotos] occurs in Proclus and Marinus +(see Valpy's _Stephani Thesaurus_), but not in Plato. + +The motto from Seneca, prefixed to the Aphorisms on Spiritual Religion, +is from the fourty-first Epistle of that writer. + +The question from Tertullian in the Comment on the eight of those +Aphorisms, + + "Certum est quia impossibile est."--p. 199. + +is from the _De Carne Christi_, cap. v. + +Aphorism iv., p. 227.: + + "In wonder all philosophy began." + +See Plato's _Theaetetus_ Sec. 32., p. 155. Gataker on Antonin, i. 15. +Plutarch _de EI Delph_. cap. 2. p. 385 B. Sympos, v. 7., p. 680 C. +Aristot. _Metaph_. 1. 2. 9. + +In the "Sequelae" annexed to this Aphorism, it is said of Simonides (p. +230.), that + + "_In the fortieth day_ of his mediation the sage and philosophic + poet abandoned the problem [of the nature of God] in despair." + +Cicero (_de nat. Deor._ i. 22. Sec. 60.) and Minucius Felix (_Octav._ 13.) +do not specify the number of days during which Simonides deferred his +answer to Hiero. + +Aphorism x. On Original Sin. (note, p. 252.) [Greek: sunetois phonun], +&c., from Pindar, _Olymp._ ii. 85. (152.) + +Conclusion, p. 399.: + + "_Evidences_ of Christianity! I am weary of this word," &c. + +See the remarks on this passage in Archbishop Whately's _Logic_, +Appendix III., near the end. + +The quotation from Apuleius, at the end of the book (p. 403.), is from +the _Metamorphos._, i. 3. + +J.E.B. Mayor + +Marlborough College. + + * * * * * + +MINOR NOTES. + +_Capture of Henry VI._ (Vol. ii., p. 181.).--There are several errors in +this historical note. The name of the Dean of Windsor was Manning, not +{229} "Manting;" "Brungerly" should be Bungerley. One of the Talbots, of +Bashall Hall, could never be "High Sheriff for the West Riding," as the +Ridings of Yorkshire never had distinct sheriffs; neither was he sheriff +of the county. The particulars of the king's capture are thus related in +the chronicle called Warksworth's _Chronicle_, which has been printed by +the Camden Society:-- + + "Also, the same yere, kynge Henry was takene byside a howse of + religione [i.e. Whalley] in Lancashyre, by the mene of a blacke + monke of Abyngtone [Abingdon] in a wode called Cletherwode [the + wood of Clitheroe], besyde Bungerly hyppyngstones, by Thomas + Talbott, sonne and heyre to sere Edmunde Talbot of Basshalle, + and Jhon Talbott, his cosyne, of Colebry [i.e. Salebury, in + Blackburn], withe other moo; which discryvide [him] beynge at + his dynere at Wadyngton halle: and [he was] carryed to London on + horsebake, and his leges bownde to the styropes." + +I have substituted the word "discryvide" for "disseyvide," as it is +printed in the Camden Society's book, where the editor, Mr. Halliwell, +understood the passage as meaning that the king was deceived or +betrayed. I take the meaning to be that the black monk of Abingdon had +descried, or discovered, the king as he was eating his dinner at +Waddington Hall; whereupon the Talbots, and some other parties in the +neighbourhood, formed plans for his apprehension, and arrested him on +the first convenient opportunity, as he was crossing the ford across the +river Ribble, formed by the hyppyngstones at Bungerley. Waddington +belonged to Sir John Tempest, of Bracewell, who was the father-in-law of +Thomas Talbot. Both Sir John Tempest and Sir James Harrington of +Brierley, near Barnsley, were concerned in the king's capture, and each +received one hundred marks reward; but the fact of Sir Thomas Talbot +being the chief actor, is shown by his having received the larger reward +of 100L. Further particulars respecting these and other parties +concerned, will be found in the notes to Warksworth's _Chronicle_. The +chief residence of the unhappy monarch during his retreat was at Bolton +Hall, where his boots, his gloves, and a spoon, are still preserved, and +are engraved in Whitaker's _Craven_. An interior view of the ancient +hall at Bolton, which is still remaining, is engraved in the +_Gentleman's Magazine_ for May, 1841. Sir Ralph Pudsay, of Bolton, had +married Margaret, daughter of Sir Thomas Tunstal, who attended the king +as esquire of the body. + +JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS. + + +_Mentmore, Bucks, Notes from Register of._--Having recently had occasion +to go through the entire registers of the parish of Mentmore, Bucks, I +send you three extracts, not noticed by Lipscombe, the two first +relating to an extinct branch of the house of Hamilton, the third +illustrating the "Manners and Customs of the English" at the end of the +seventeenth century. + +"1732, William Hamilton, an infant son of Lord Viscount Limerick, Feb. +28." + +"1741. The Honourable Charles Hamilton, son of Lord Viscount Limerick, +Jan. 4." + +"Memorand. A beggar woman of Slapton, whipt at Mentmoir, July 5th, +1698." + +Q.D. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES + +JOHN JOKYN, OR JOACHIM, THE FRENCH AMBASSADOR. + +I am very desirous to be informed in what _French_ author I can find any +account of John Jokyn (Joachim?), who was ambassador to England from +France during the time of Cardinal Wolsey. I have looked into the +greater part of the French authors who have written historically on the +reign of Francois I. without having found any mention of such +personage--_L'Art de verifier les Dates_, &c., without success. He is +frequently spoken of by English writers, and particularly in the _Union +of the Famelies of Lancastre and Yorke_, by Edward Halle, 1548, folios +135, 136, 139, 144, and 149.; at folio 144., 17th year of Hen. VIII., it +is stated:-- + + "There came over as ambassador from France, Jhon Jokyn, now + called M. de Vaux, which, as you have heard in the last year, + was kept secret in Master Lark's house; and when he came into + England he was welcomed of the Cardinal (Wolsey), and there + between them were such communications at the suit of the said + Jhon, that a truce was concluded from the 13th of July for forty + days between England and France, both on the sea, and beyond the + sea," &c. &c. + +This M. Jokyn, or Joachim, appears to have been a person of considerable +influence, and it appears his purpose on this mission was to bribe +Wolsey; and it seems that the Chancellor Duprat was aware of this, and +was much displeased on the occasion. + +AMICUS. +Aug 3, 1850. + + * * * * * + +SCRIPTURES, ROMAN CATHOLIC TRANSLATIONS OF, LUTHER'S FAMILIARITY WITH. + +The replies I have gained to previous Queries encourage me to trouble +you with the following:-- + +1. Has the Roman Catholic Church ever published a translation of the +Scriptures, or any part of them, into the vernacular _Irish_? Have their +missionaries in _China_ ever translated anything beyond the Epistles and +Gospels of the Missal? Or, is there any Roman Catholic translation into +any of the vernacular languages of _India_? Or, are there any versions +in any of the American dialects by Roman Catholic authors, besides those +mentioned by Le Long in his _Bibliotheca Sacra_. And is there any +continuation of his work up to {230} the present day? I am acquainted +with Bishop Marsh's volume, but he seems ill-informed and speaks vaguely +about Roman Catholic versions. + +2. What is the authority for the familiar story of a bill being brought +into parliament for the suppression of all vernacular translations in +Richard II.'s reign, and of its being stoutly opposed by John of Gaunt? +"What, are we the dregs of the earth not to hear the Scriptures in our +own tongue?" Usher mentions the circumstance (_Historia Dogmatica_, +&c.), and it is borrowed from him by Fox. But I am so ignorant as not to +know the original and cotemporary authority. + +3. Your learned correspondent, DR. MAITLAND, in his _Dark Ages_, snubs +D'Aubigne most unmercifully for repeating an old story about Luther's +stumbling upon a Bible, and pooh-pooh's D'Aubigne's authority, +Mathesius, as no better than a goose. May I ask whether it is possible +to discover the probable foundation of such a story, and whether Luther +has left us in his writings any account of his early familiarity with +Scripture, that would bear upon the alleged incident, and show how much +of it may be true? + +C.F.S. + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES + +_The Lost Tribes._--A list of all the theories and publications +respecting the ten tribes commonly called the Lost tribes, or any +communication concerning them, will much oblige. + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Partrige Family._--Can any of your readers inform me where I can see +the grant mentioned in the following _note_ taken from Strype's +_Ecclesiastical Memorials_, vol. iii. p. 542: "I find a grant to the +Lady Jane Partrige for life, of the manor of Kenne in Devon, of the +yearly value of 57l. 12s. 0-3/4d., but this not before April, 1553." Can +any of your readers tell me how to obtain access to a private act 1st +Mary, Sessio secunda. cap. 9., anno 1553, intituled, "An Act for the +Restitution in Blood of the Heirs of Sir Miles Partrige, Knight"? Strype +calls it an act for the restitution of the daughters of Sir Miles +Partrige, and I think he must be right, as I have prima facie proof that +Sir Miles left no son. Were the debates on the acts of parliament +recorded in those days, and if so, how can they be seen? + +J. PARTRIGE. + +Birmingham. + + +_Commoner marrying a Peeress._--Formerly, when a commoner married a +peeress in her own right, he assumed her title and dignity. The right +was, I believe, disputed during the reign of Henry VIII., in the case of +the claimant of the barony of Talbois, when it was decided that no man +could take his wife's titles unless he had issue male by her, but, if +there were such issue, he became, as in cases of landed property, +"tenant by curtesy" of her dignities. Can any of your correspondents +inform me whether any subsequent decision has deprived of this right a +commoner marrying a peeress and having issue male by her? + +L.R.N. + + +_The Character "&."_--What is the correct name of the character "&?" I +have heard it called _ample-se-and_, _ampuzzand_, _empuzad_, _ampassy_, +and _apples-and_,--all evident corruptions of one and the same word. +What is that word? + +M.A. LOWER. + + +_Combs buried with the Dead._--When the corpse of St. Cuthbert was +disinterred in the cathedral of Durham, there was found upon his breast +a plain simple Saxon _comb_. A similar relique has been also discovered +in other sepulchres of the same sanctuary. + +Can any of your learned contributors inform me (for I am totally +ignorant) the origin and intent of this strange accompaniment of the +burial of the ancient dead. The comb of St. Cuthbert is, I believe, +carefully preserved by the Dean and Chapter of Durham. + +R.S. HAWKER. + +Morwenstow, Cornwall. + + +_Cave's Historia Literaria._--My present Queries arise out of a Note +which I took of a passage in Adam Clarke's _Bibliography_, under the +article "W. Cave" (vol. ii. p. 161.). + +1. Has not the bibliographer assigned a wrong date to the publication of +Cave's _Historia Literaria_, viz. 1740, instead of 1688-1698? + +2. Will some of your readers do me the favour of mentioning the +successive editions of the _Historia Literaria_, together with the year +and the place of appearance of each of them? + +According to the _Biographia Britannica_ (ed. 2., "Cave, W."), this +learned work came out in the year above stated, and there were two +impressions printed at Geneva in 1705 and 1720 respectively. + +R.K.J. + + +_Julin._--Will DR. BELL, who adverts to the tradition of the doomed +city, _Julin_, in your last number (Vol. ii. p. 178.), oblige me by a +"Note" of the story as it is told by Adam of Bremen, whose work I am not +within reach of? I have long wanted to trace this legend. + +V. + +Belgravia, Aug. 17. 1850. + + +_Richardson Family._--Can of your correspondents inform me who "Mr. John +Richardson, of the Market Place, Leeds," was? he was living 1681 to 1700 +and after, and he made entries of the births of eleven children on the +leaves of an old book, and also an entry of the death of his wife, named +Lydea, who died 20th December, 1700. These entries are now in possession +of one of his daughters' descendants, who is desirous to know {231} of +what family Mr. Richardson was, who he married, and what was his +profession or business. + +T.N.I. + +Wakefield. + + +_Tobacco--its Arabic Name._--One of your correspondents, A.C.M. (Vol. +ii., p. 155.), wishes to know what is the Arabic word for _tobacco_ used +in Sale's _Koran_, ed. 8vo. p. 169. Perhaps, if he will refer to the +chapter and verse, or even specify _which_ is the 8vo. edition which he +quotes, some of your correspondents may be able to answer his Query. + +M.D. + + +_Pole Money._--Some time ago I made a copy of + + "A particular of all the names of the several persons within the + Lordship of Marston Montgomery (in Derbyshire), and of their + estates, according to the acts of parliament, for payment of + _pole money_ assessed by William Hall, constable, and others." + +This was some time between 1660 and 1681. And also of a like + + "Particular of names of the several persons within the same + lordship under the sum of _5l._, to _pole for_ according to the + acts of parliament." + +Can any of your correspondents inform me to what tax the above lists +applied, and what were the acts of parliament under which this tax (or +pole-money) was payable. + +T.N.I. + +Wakefield. + + +_Welsh Money._--I have never seen in any work on coins the slightest +allusion to the money of the native princes of Wales before the +subjugation of their country by Edward I. Is any such in existence? and, +if not, how is its disappearance to be accounted for? I read that +Athelstan imposed on the Welsh an annual tribute _in money_, which was +paid for many years. Query, In what sort of coin? + +J.C. Witton. + + +_A skeleton in every House._--Can you or any of your correspondents +explain the origin of that most significant saying "There is a skeleton +in every house?" Does it originate in some ghastly legend? + +Mors. + + + [Our correspondent is right in his conjecture. The saying is + derived from an Italian story, which is translated in the + _Italian Tales of Humour, Gallantry, and Romance_, published + some few years ago, with illustrations by Cruikshank.] + + +_Whetstone of Reproof._--Can any of your readers inform me who was the +author of the book with the following title? + + "The Whetstone of Reproofe, or a Reproving Censvre of the + misintitled Safe Way: declaring it by Discourie of the Authors + fraudulent Proceeding, and captious Cauilling, to be a miere + By-way, drawing pore Trauellers out of the royalle and common + Streete, and leading them deceitfully into a Path of Perdition. + With a Postscript of Advertisements, especially touching the + Homilie and Epistles attributed to Alfric: and a compendious + Retortiue Discussion of the misapplyed By-way. Avthor T.T. + Sacristan and Catholike Romanist.--Catvapoli, apud viduam Marci + Wyonis. Anno MDCXXXII." Sm. 8vo. pp. xvi. 570. 198. + +It is an answer to Sir Humphrey Lynd's _Via Tuta_ and _Via Devia_. In +Wood's _Ath. Oxon._, edit. Bliss, fol. ii. col. 602, two answers to the +_Via Tuta_ are mentioned; but this is not noticed. From the author +stating in the preface, "I confesse, Sir Humfrey, I am Tom Teltruth, who +cannot flatter or dissemble," I suppose the initials T.T. to be +fictitious. + +John I. Dredge. + + +_Morganatic Marriages.--Morganatique._--What is the derivation of this +word, and what its _actual signification_? + +In the _Dictionnaire de l'Academie Francaise_ (ed. 4to., 1835), the word +does not appear. In Boister's _Dictionnaire Universel_ (Bruxelles, 1835) +it is thus given:-- + + "Morganatique, _adj. 2 g._, nocturne, mysterieux, entrainee par + seduction; (mariage) mariage secret des princes d'Allemagne avec + une personne d'un rang inferieur." + +And the same definition is given by Landais (Paris, 4to., 1842), but +this does not give the derivation or literal signification of the word +"_morganatic_." It is not in Johnson's _Dictionary_; but in Smart's +_Dictionary Epitomized_ (Longman and Co., 1840) it is thus given:-- + + "Morganatic, _a._, applied to the marriage in which a gift in + the morning is to stand in lieu of dowry, or of all right of + inheritance, that might otherwise fall to the issue." + +This, however, is inconsistent with the definition of _nocturne_, +_mysterieux_, for the gift in lieu of dowry would have nothing of +mystery in it. + +Will some of your correspondents afford, if they can, any reasonable +explanation which justifies the application of the word to inferior or +left-handed marriages? + +G. + + + [Will our correspondent accept the following as a satisfactory + reply?] + +_Morganatic Marriage_ (Vol. ii, p. 72.).--The fairy Morgana was married +to a mortal. Is not this a sufficient explanation of the term morganatic +being applied to marriages where the parties are of unequal rank? + +S.S. + + +_Gospel of Distaffs._--Can any reader say where a copy of the _Gospel of +Distaffs_ may be accessible? It was printed by Wynkyn de Worde, and Sir +E. Brydges, who describes it, says a complete copy was in Mr. Heber's +library. A few leaves are found in Bagford's Collection, Harleian MS. +5919., which only raises the desire to see the whole. Dibdin's _Ames' +Typography_, vol. ii. p. 232., has an account of it. + +W. Bell. + + * * * * * {232} + + +REPLIES. + +POETA ANGLICUS. + +Every proof or disproof of statements continually made with regard to +the extravagant titles assumed, or complacently received, by the bishops +of Rome being both interesting and important, the inquiry of J.B. (Vol. +ii., p. 167.) is well deserving of a reply. Speaking of a passage cited +by Joannes Andreae, in his gloss on the preface to the Clementines, he +asks, "who is the Anglicus Poeta?" and "what is the name of his poem," +in which it is said to the pope, "Nec Deus es nec homo, quasi neuter es +inter utrumque?" + +"Poetria nova" was the name assigned to the hexameter poem commencing, +"Papa stupor mundi," inscribed, about the year 1200, to the reigning +Pope, Innocent III., by Galfridus de Vino salvo. Of this work several +manuscript copies are to be met with in England. I will refer only to +two in the Bodleian, Laud. 850. 83.: Ken. Digb. 1665. 64. Polycarp +Leyser (_Hist. Poem. medii AEvi_) published it in 1721; and Mabillon has +set forth another performance by the same writer in elegiac verse (_Vet. +Analect._ pp. 369-76., Paris, 1723). In the latter case the author's +name is not given, and accordingly he is entered merely as "Poeta vetus" +in Mr. Dowling's _Notitia Scriptorum SS. Pat._, sc. p. 279., Oxon., +1839. Your correspondent may compare with Andreae's extract these lines, +and those which follow them, p. 374.: + + "Papa brevis vox est, sed virtus nominis hujus + Perlustrat quiequid arcus uterque tenet." + +Galfridus evidently derived his surname from his treatise on vines and +wine; and he has been singularly unfortunate in the epithet, for I have +never seen VIN-SAUF correctly printed. It varies from "de Nine salvo" to +"_Mestisauf_." Pits and Oudin call him "Vinesalf" and Fabricius and +Mansi change him into "Vine fauf." + +The question now remains, Are the Roman Pontiffs and their Church +answerable for the toleration of such language? Uncertainty may on this +occasion be removed by our recollection of the fact, that a "Censura" +upon the glosses of the papal canon law, by Manriq, Master of the Sacred +Palace, was issued by the command of Pope Pius V. in 1572. It was +reprinted by Pappus, Argent. 1599, 12mo., and 1609, 8vo., and it +contains an order for the expurgation of the words before quoted, +together with the summary in the margin, "Papa nec Deus est nec homo," +which appears in every old edition; for instance, in that of Paris, +1532, sig. aa. iij. So far the matter looks well, and the prospect is +not hopeless. These glosses, however, were revised by another master of +the Apostolic Palace, Sixtus Fabri, and were edited, under the sanction +of Pope Gregory XIII., in the year 1580; and from this authentic +impression the impious panegyric has not been withdrawn. The marginal +abridgment has, in compliance with Manriq's direction, been +exterminated; and this additional note has been appended as a +palliative:-- + + "Haec verba sano modo sunt accipienda: prolata enim sunt ad + ostendendum amplissimam esse Romani Pontificis + potestatem."--Col. 4. ed. Paris, 1585. + +R.G. + +_Poeta Anglicus_ (Vol ii., p. 167).--I cannot answer J.B.'s Queries; but +I have fallen upon a _cross scent_, which perchance may lead to their +discovery. + +1. Ioannes Pitseus, _de Scriptor. ad ann._ 1250, (_Relat. Histor. de +Rebus Anglicis_, ed. Par. 1619, p. 322.), gives the following account +"de Michaele Blaunpaino:"-- + + "Michael Blaunpainus, vulgo _Magister_ cognominatus, natione + Anglus, patria Cornubiensis, ... missus Oxonium, deinde + Parisios, ... prae caeteris se dedidit elegantiae linguae Latinae, + fuitque inter praecipuos sui temporis _poetus_ per Angliam + potissimum et Galliam numeratus. Hunc subinde citat Textor in + Cornucopia sub nomine Michaelis _Anglici_.... In lucem emisit: + Historiarum Normanniae, librum unum: Contra Henricum Abrincensem + versu. librum unum. Archipoeta vide, quod non sit. (_MS. in + Bibliotheca Lunleiana._) Epistolarum et carminum, librum unum. + Claruit anno Messiae 1250, sub Henrici tertii regno." + +2. Valerius Andreas, however, gives a somewhat different account of +_Michael Anglicus_. In his _Biblioth. Belg._ ed. 8vo. Lovan, 1623, p. +609., he says: + + "Michael Anglicus, Bellimontensis, Hanno, I. V. Professor et + _Poeta_, scripsit: + + Eclogarum, libros iv., ad Episc. Parisien. + Eclogarum, libb. ii., ad Lud. Villerium. + De mutatione studiorum, lib. i. + Elegiam deprecatoriam. + + Et alia, quae Paris. sunt typis edita. Hujus eruditionem et + Poemata Bapt. Mantuanus et Joannes Ravisius Testor epigrammate + commendarunt: hic etiam in Epithetis suis _Anglici_ auctoritatem + non semel adducit." + +3. Franciscus Sweertius (_Athenae Belgricoe_, ed. Antv. 1628, p. 565.) +gives a similar account to this of Valerius Andreas. + +4. And the account given by Christopher Hendreich Brandebargca, (ed. +Berolini, 1699, p. 193.) is substantially the same; viz., + + "Anglicus Michael cognomine, sed natione Gallus, patria + Belmontensis, utriusque juris Professor, scripsit Eclogarum, + lib. iv. ad Episc." &c ... "Et diversorum carminum libros + aliquot, quae omnia Parisiis impressa sunt. Claruit autem A.C. + 1500." + +5. Moreri takes notice of this apparent confusion made between two +different writers, who lived two centuries and a half apart. Speaking of +the later {233} of the two, he says (_Dictionnaire Historique_, Paris, +1759, tom. i. par. ii. p. 87.):-- + + "_Anglicus_ (Michel), natif de Beaumont dans le Hainaut, qui + vivoit dans le XVI. siecle, etoit poete et professeur en droit. + Nous avons divers ouvrages de sa facon, des eglogues, un traite + _de mutatione studiorum_, &c. (Valer. Andreas, _Bibl. Belg._) + Quelques auteurs l'ont confondu avec Michel Blaumpain. (Voyez + Blaumpain.)" #/ + +Of the earlier Anglicus, Moreri says (ubi sup., tom. ii. par. i. p. +506.): + + "Blaumpain (Michel) surnomme _Magister_, Anglois de nation, et + _Poete_, qui vivoit vers l'an 1250. Il est nomme par quelques-un + _Michel Anglicus_. Mais il y a plus d'apparence que c'etoient + deux auteurs differens; dont l'un composa une histoire de + Normandie, et un traite contre Henri d'Avranches; et l'autre + laissa quelques pieces de poesies;--Eclogarum, libri iv., ad + Episcopum Parisiensem; Eclogarum, libri ii., ad Ludovicum + Villerium, De mutatione studioram, Elogia deprecatoria, &c. + Baptiste Mantuan parle de Michel Anglicus, qui etoit de Beaumont + dans l'Hainault. (Pitseus, _De Script. Angl._ p. 322.; Valerius + Andreas in _Bibl_, p. 670.)" + +Perhaps some of your readers may have access to a copy of the _Paris +impression_ of Michael Anglicus, mentioned by Andreas, Sweertius, and +Hendreich. J.B. will not need to be reminded of these words of Innocent +III., in his first serm. de consecr. Pont. Max., in which he claimed, as +St. Peter's successor, to be + + "Inter Deum et hominem medius constitutus; citra Deum, sed ultra + hominem; minor Deo, sed major homine: qui de omnibus judicat, et + a nemine judicatur."--_Innocentii tertii Op._, ed. Colon. 1575, + tom. i., p. 189. + +Did the claim _originate_ with Pope Innocent? + +J. Sansom. + + * * * * * + +CAXTON'S PRINTING-OFFICE. + +I must protest against the manner in which Arun (Vol. ii., p. 187.) has +proceeded with the discussion of Caxton's printing at Westminster. +Though writing anonymously himself, he has not hesitated to charge me by +name with a desire to impeach the accuracy of Mr. C. Knight's _Life of +Caxton_, of which, and of other works of the same series, he then +volunteers as the champion, as if they, or any one of them, were the +object of a general attack. This is especially unfair, as I made the +slightest possible allusion to Mr. Knight's work, and may confess I have +as yet seen no more of it than the passage quoted by ARUN himself. Any +such admixture of personal imputations is decidedly to be deprecated, as +being likely to militate against the sober investigation of truth which +has hitherto characterised the pages of "NOTES AND QUERIES." ARUN also +chooses to say that the only question which is material, is, Who was +Caxton's patron? i.e. who was the Abbot of Westminster at the time,--who +may not, after all, have actively interfered in the matter. This +question remains in some doubt; but it was not the question with which +DR. RIMBAULT commenced the discussion. The object of that gentleman's +inquiry (Vol. ii., p. 99.) was, the particular spot where Caxton's press +was fixed. From a misapprehension of the passage in Stow, a current +opinion has obtained that the first English press was erected within the +abbey-church, and in the chapel of St. Anne; and Dr. Dibdin conjectured +that the chapel of St. Anne stood on the site of Henry VII.'s chapel. +The correction of this vulgar error is, I submit, by no means +immaterial; especially at a time when a great effort is made to +propagate it by the publication of a print, representing "William Caxton +examining the first proof sheet from his printing-press in Westminster +Abbey;" the engraving of which is to be "of the size of the favourite +print of Bolton Abbey:" where the draftsman has deliberately represented +the printers at work within the consecrated walls of the church itself! +When a less careless reader than Dr. Dibdin consults the passage of +Stow, he finds that the chapel of St. Anne stood in the opposite +direction from the church to the site of Henry VII.'s chapel, i.e. +within the court of the Almonry; and that Caxton's press was also set up +in the Almonry, though not (so far as appears, or is probable) within +that chapel. The second question is, When did Caxton first set up his +press in this place? And the third, the answer to which depends on the +preceding, is, Who was the abbot who gave him admission? Now it is true, +as ARUN remarks, that the introduction of Abbot Islip's name is traced +up to Stow in the year 1603: and, as Mr. Knight has observed, "the +careful historian of London here committed one error," because John +Islip did not become Abbot of Westminster until 1500. The entire passage +of Stow has been quoted by DR. RIMBAULT in "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vol. +ii., p. 99.; it states that in the Almonry-- + + "Islip, abbot of Westminster, erected the first press of + book-printing that ever was in England, about the year 1471." + +Now, it appears that the various authors of repute, who have given the +point their consideration, as the editor of Dugdale's _Monasticon_ (Sir +Henry Ellis), and Mr. Cunningham in his _Handbook_, affirm that it is +John Esteney who became abbot in 1474 or 1475, and not Thomas Milling, +who was abbot in 1471, whose name should be substituted for that of +Islip. In that case, Stowe committed two errors instead of one; he was +wrong in his date as well as his name. It is to this point that I +directed my remarks, which are printed in Vol. ii., p. 142. We have +hitherto no evidence that Caxton {234} printed at Westminster before the +year 1477, six years later than mentioned by Stow. + +JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS. + + * * * * * + +THE USE OF COFFINS. + +The Query of H.E. (Vol. i., p. 321.) seems to infer that the use of +coffins may be only a modern custom. In book xxiii., chapters i. and +ii., of Bingham's _Antiquities of the Christian Church_, H.E. will find +ample proof of the very early use of coffins. During the first three +centuries of the Church, one great distinction betwixt Heathens and +Christians was, that the former burned their dead, and placed the bones +and ashes in urns; whilst the latter always buried the corpse, either in +a coffin or, embalmed, in a catacomb; so that it might be restored at +the last day from its original dust. There have frequently been dug out +of the barrows which contain Roman urns, ancient British stone coffins. +Bede mentions that the Saxons buried their dead in wood. Coffins both of +lead and iron were constructed at a very early period. When the royal +vaults at St. Denis were desecrated, during the first French revolution, +coffins were exposed that had lain there for ages. + +Notwithstanding all this, it appears to be the case that, both in the +Norman and English periods, the common people of this country were often +wrapped in a sere-cloth after death, and so placed, coffinless, in the +earth. The illuminations in the old missals represent this. And it is +not impossible that the extract from the "Table of Dutyes," on which +H.E. founds his inquiry, may refer to a lingering continuance of this +rude custom. Indeed, a statute passed in 1678, ordering that all dead +bodies shall be interred in woollen and no other material, is so worded +as to give the idea that there might be interments without coffins. The +statute forbids that any person be put in, wrapt, or wound up, or buried +in any shirt, shift, sheet, or shroud, unless made of sheep's wool only; +or in any coffin lined or faced with any material but sheep's wool; as +if the person might be buried either in a garment, or in a coffin, so +long as the former was made of, or the latter lined with, wool. + +I think the "buryall without a coffin," quoted by H.E., must have +referred to the interment of the poorest class. Their friends, being +unable to provide a coffin, conformed to an old rude custom, which had +not entirely ceased. + +Alfred Gatty + + * * * * * + +SHAKSPEARE'S USE OF THE WORD "DELIGHTED". + +If the passage from _Measure for Measure_, which has been the subject of +much controversy in your recent numbers, be read in its natural +sense--there is surely nothing unintelligible in the word "delighted" as +there used. + +The object of the poet was to show how instinctively the mind shudders +at the change produced by death--both on body and soul; and how +repulsive it must be to an active and sentient being. + +He therefore places in frightful contrast the condition of _each_ before +and after that awful change. The BODY, _now_ endowed with "sensible warm +motion," to become in death "a kneaded clod," to "lie in cold +obstruction, and to rot." The SPIRIT, _now_ "delighted" (all full of +delight), to become in death utterly powerless, an unconscious--passive +thing--"imprisoned in the viewless winds, and blown with restless +violence round about the pendant world," how intolerable the thought, +and how repulsive the contrast! It is _not_ in its state _after death_, +but _during life_, that the poet represents the spirit to be a +"delighted one." If we fall into the error of supposing him to refer to +the _former_ period, we are compelled to alter our text, in order to +make the passage intelligible, or invent some new meaning to the word +"delighted," and, at the same time, we deprive the passage of the strong +antithesis in which all its spirit and force consists. It is this strong +antithesis, this painfully marked contrast between the two states of +_each, body_ and _spirit_, which displays the power and skill of the +poet in handling the subject. Without it, the passage loses half its +meaning. + +MR. HICKSON will not, I hope, accuse one who is no critic for presuming +to offer this suggestion. I tender it with diffidence, being conscious +that, although a passionate admirer of the great bard, I am all +unlearned in the art of criticism, "a plain unlettered man," and +therefore simply take what is set before me in its natural sense, as +well as I may, without searching for recondite interpretations. On this +account, I feel doubly the necessity of apologising for interfering with +the labours of so learned and able a commentator as MR. HICKSON has +shown himself to be. + +L.B.L. + + * * * * * + +VENTRILOQUISM + +(Vol. ii., p. 88.) + +Plutarch (tom. ii., p. 397.D.) has these words: + + [Greek: "Ou gar esti theou hae gaerus oude ho phthoggos, oude he + lexis, oude to metron, alla taes yunaikos: ekeinos de monas tas + phantasias paristaesi, kau phos en tae psuchae poiei pros to + mellon."] + +If that be the passage referred to be Rollin, nothing is said there +about ventriloquism. The Scholiast on Aristoph. (_Plut._ 39.) tells us +how the Pythian received the _afflatus_, but says nothing about her +_speaking_ from her belly: He only has + + [Greek: "Ta taes manteias hae mallon manias ephtheggeto + hraemata."] + +In another place of Plutarch (tom. ii., p. 414. E.) we have [Greek: +eggastrimuthoi] and [Greek: puthones] used as synonymous words to +express persons into whose bodies the god might be supposed to enter, +"using their {235} bodies and voices as instruments." The only word in +that passage which appears to hint at what we call ventriloquism is +[Greek: hupophtheggesthai]. + +I have very little doubt that amongst the various tricks of ancient +divination ventriloquism found a place; but I cannot give that direct +evidence which MR. SANSOM asks for. I think it very likely that "_the +wizards that peep and mutter_" (Isa. viii. 19.) were of this class; but +it is not clear that the [Hebrew: 'obot]--the [Greek eggastrimuthoi] of +the LXX.--were so. The English version has "them that have familiar +spirits." The Hebrew word signifies _bottles_; and this may mean no more +than that the spirit of divination was contained in the person's body as +in a bottle, "using his body and his voice as instruments," as in the +place of Plutarch quoted above. We have something like this, Acts, xix. +15., where "the evil spirit answered," no doubt in the voice of the +demoniac, "Jesus I know," &c. Michaelis (Suppl., p. 39.) gives a +different meaning and etymology to [Hebrew: 'obot]. He derives it from +the Arabic, which signifies (1) _rediit_, (2) _occidit_ sol, (3) _noctu +venit_ or _noctu aliquid fecit_. The first and third of these meanings +will make it applicable to the [Greek: nekromanteia] (of which the witch +of Endor was a practitioner), which was carried on at night. See Hor. +_Sat._ I. ix. + +I do not think that the damsel mentioned Acts, xvi. 16. was a +ventriloquist. The use of the word [Greek: ekraze] in the next verse, +would lead us to infer that she spoke in a loud voice _with her mouth +open_; whereas the [Greek: eggastrimuthoi] are defined by Galen +(_Glossar. Hippocr._) as [Greek: oi kekleismenou tou stomatos +phthengomenoi]. + +Consult Vitringa and Rosenmueller on Isa. viii. 19., Wolf and Kuinoel on +Acts, xvi. 16., Biscoe on the Acts, ch. viii. Sec.2; where references will +be found to many works which will satisfy Mr. SANSOM better than this +meagre note. + +[Hebrew: B] + +_Ventriloquism_ (Vol. ii., p. 88.).--In reply to Query 1, I wish to call +Mr. SANSOM'S attention to _Plutarch de Oraculorum defectu_ (Lipsiae, +1777, vol. vii. p. 632.), and to Webster's _Displaying of supposed +Witchcraft_ (chaps. vi. and viii.). Queries 2 and 3. Besides the +extraordinary work of Webster, he may consult the elaborate +dissertations of Allatius on these subjects, in the eighth volume of +_Critici Sacri_. Query 4. On the use of the term [Greek: eggastrimuthos] +by the sacred writers, _Ravanelli Biblioth. S._, and by classical +authors, _Foesii Oeconomia Hippocratis_; and for synonymous "divinorum +ministrorum nomina," _Pollucis Onomasticon_. + +T.J. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_Earl of Oxford's Patent_ (Vol. ii., p. 194.).--M.'s quotation from the +_Weekly Oracle_ relates to Harley's having been stabbed at the +council-table by the Sieur de Guiscard, a French Papist, brought up for +examination 8th March, 1711. The escape of the Chancellor of the +Exchequer was the subject of an address from both Houses to the Queen; +and upon his being sufficiently recovered to resume his seat, the +Speaker delivered to him the unanimous congratulations of the House of +Commons. Harley was shortly after created Earl of Oxford, by patent +bearing date 24th May, 1711, which recites, _inter alia_,-- + + "Since, therefore, the two Houses of Parliament have declared + that the fidelity and affection he has expressed in our service + have exposed him to the hatred of wicked men, _and the desperate + rage of a villanous parricide_, since they have congratulated + his escape from such imminent dangers, and put us in mind that + he might not be preserved in vain, we willingly comply with + their desires, and grant him who comes so honourably recommended + by the votes of our Parliament, a place among our peer," &c. + &c.--Collin's _Peerage_, vol. iv. p. 260. edit. 1789. + +Guiscard died in Newgate of the wounds which he received in the scuffle +when he was secured. + +BRAYBROOKE. + + [O.P.Q., who has kindly replied to M.'s inquiry, has appended to + his answer the following Query:--"Is Smollett justified in using + the words _assassin_ and _assassinate_, as applied to cases of + intended homicide, when death did not ensue?"] + + +_The Darby Ram_ (Vol. ii., p. 71.).--There is a whimsical little volume, +which, as it relates mainly to local matters, may not have come under +the notice of many of your readers, to which I would refer your querist +H.W. + +It is entitled,-- + + "Gimcrackiana, or Fugitive Pieces on Manchester Men and Manners + ten years ago. Manchester, 1833." cr. 8vo. + +It is anonymous, but I believe truly ascribed to a clever young +bookseller of the name of J.S. Gregson, since dead. + +At page 185. he gives twelve stanzas of this ballad, as the most perfect +copy from the oral chronicle of his greatgrandmother. + +In _The Ballad Book_ (Edinb. 1827, 12mo.), there is another entitled +"The Ram of Diram," of a similar kind, but consisting of only six verses +and chorus. And the _Dublin Penny Journal_, vol. i., p. 283., contains a +prose story, entitled "Darby and the Ram," of the same veracious nature. + +F.R.A. + + +_Rotten Row and Stockwell Street._--R.R., of Glasgow, inquires the +etymology of these names (Vol. i., p. 441.). The etymology of the first +word possesses some interest, perhaps, at the present time, owing to the +name of the site of the intended Exhibition from all Nations in Hyde +Park. I sent to the publishers of _Glasgow Delineated_, {236} which was +printed at the University press in 1826, a contradiction of the usual +origin of the name adopted in that city, showing the impossibility of +the expression bearing any reference to the dissoluteness or immorality +of the former residents, and also contradicting its having any thing to +do with "rats," or "rattons," _Scottice_; although, in 1458, the "Vicus +Rattonum" is the term actually used in the Archbishop of Glasgow's +chartulary. My observations, which were published in a note, concluded +as follows: + + "The name, however, may be also traced to a very remote and + classic origin, although we are not aware that it has hitherto + been condescended on. In ancient Rome was what was called the + Ratumena Porta, 'a nomine ejus appellata (says Gessner in his + Latin _Thesaurus_) qui ludiero certamine quadrigis victor + juvenis Veiis consternatis equis excussus Romae periit, qui equi + feruntur non ante constitisse quam pervenirent in Capitolium.' + The same story is related by Pliny, from whom and other authors, + it appears that the word Ratumena was then as proverbially + applied to jockies as Jehu in our own days. From the + circumstance of the Rotten Row Port (of Glasgow) having stood at + the west end of this street, and the Stable Green Port near the + east end, which also led to the Archbishop's castle, it is + probably not only that it was the street through which + processions would generally proceed, but that the port alluded + to, and after it the street in question, were dignified by the + more learned of our ancestors with the Roman name of which, or + of the Latin Rota, the present appears a very natural + corruption." + +I may here refer to Facciolati's _Dictionary, voce_ "Ratumena Porta," as +well as Gessner's. + +As to _Stockwell_, also a common name, it is obviously indicative of the +particular kind of well at the street, by which the water was lifted not +by a wheel, nor by a pump, nor a pulley, but by a beam poised on or +formed by a large _stock_, or _block of wood_. + +Lambda. + + +_Hornbooks_ (Vol. ii., p. 167.).--Mr. Timbs will find an account of +hornbooks, with a woodcut of one of the time of Queen Elizabeth, in Mr. +Halliwell's _Notices of Fugitive Tracts_, printed by the Percy Society, +1849. Your readers would confer a favour on Mr. Timbs and myself by the +communication of any additional information. + +R. + + +_Passages from Shakspeare_ (Vol. ii., p. 135.).-- + + _Ang._ We are all frail. + + _Isab._ Else let my brother die, + If not a feodary, but only he + Owe, and succeed thy weakness. + + _Ang._ Nay, women are frail too. + + _Measure for Measure_, Act. ii. Sc. 4. + +I should paraphrase Isabella's remarks thus:-- + + "If it be otherwise, if we are not all frail as thou sayest, + then let my brother die, unless he be but in the same case as + others; if he alone possess and follow thee in that particular + frailty to which thou has half confessed." + +A feodary, I should observe, was an officer of the Court of Wards, who +was joined with the escheator and did not act singly; I conceive +therefore that Shakspeare by this expression indicates an associate; one +in the same plight as others; negatively, one who does not stand alone. +In _Cymbeline_, Act iii. Sc. 2., we read: + + "Senseless bauble, + Art thou a _feodary_ for this act, and lookst + So virgin-like without?" + +where feodary clearly means confederate, associate. According to some, +the word signifies one who holds land by the same tenure as the rest of +mankind; whilst Mr. Knight, in a note on _Henry IV_. Part i. Act i. +endeavors to show that it includes both the companion and the feudal +vassal. + +"To owe" is frequently used by Shakspeare in the sense of to possess, to +own, as in Act i. Sc. 5. where Lucio says: + + "But when they weep and kneel, + All their petitions are as freely theirs + As they themselves would _owe_ them." + +So also in the following instances:-- + + "The slaughter of the prince that _ow'd_ that crown." + + _Richard III._, Act. iv. Sc. 4. + + "What art thou, that keepst me out from the house I + _owe_?" + + _Comedy of Errors_, Act iii. Sc. 1. + + "Then thou alone kingdoms of hearts shouldst _owe_." + + _Sonnet_ lxx. + +Further examples will be found in _A Lover's Complaint_, the last line +but two; _Pericles_, Act v. Sc. 1.; _Twelfth Night_, Act. i Sc. 5., +_Love's Labour's Lost_, Act i. Sc. 2.; _King John_, Act ii. Sc. 1.; +_King Lear_, Act i. Sc. 4. + +As the passage is allowed to be obscure, this attempt to explain its +meaning is submitted with great deference to the opinions of your +readers. + +Arun. + + +_Mildew in Books_ (Vol. ii., p. 103.).--In answer to B. I mention that +the following facts connected with mildew in books have been elicited. + +The mildew referred to is that which shows itself in the form of +roundish or irregular brown spots. + +It is usually most abundant in those parts which are most exposed to the +air. + +In making a microscopic examination of the spots, I ascertained that +there was no new structure present; but in manipulating I found that +these spots absorbed water more rapidly than the rest of the paper. + +On applying litmus, these spots were found to have a powerful acid +reaction. + +On submitting the matter to a chemical friend, he ascertained that the +acid in question was the sulphuric, or oil of vitriol. Experiments were +then made with a dilute solution of this acid on {237} clean paper, and +spots were produced similar to those of mildew. + +The acid does not naturally exist in paper, and its presence can only be +accounted for by supposing that the paper has been bleached by the fumes +of sulphur. This produces sulphurous acid, which, by the influence of +atmospheric air and moisture, is slowly converted into sulphuric, and +then produces the mildew. As this may be shown to be an absolute +_charring_ of the fibres of which the paper is composed, it is to be +feared that it cannot be cured. After the process has once commenced, it +can only be checked by the utmost attention to dryness, moisture being +indispensable to its extension, and vice versa. + +I do not know whether these facts are generally known, but they would +seem to be very important to paper-makers. + +T.I. + + +_Pilgrims' Road to Canterbury_ (Vol. ii., p. 199.).--Your correspondent +PHILO-CHAUCER, I presume, desires to know the old route to Canterbury. I +should imagine that at the time of Chaucer a great part of the country +was uncultivated and uninclosed, and a horse-track in parts of the route +was probably the nearest approximation to a road. At the present day, +crossing the London road at Wrotham, and skirting the base of the chalk +hills, there is a narrow lane which I have heard _called_ "the Pilgrims' +road," and this, I suppose, is in fact the old Canterbury road; though +how near to London or Canterbury it has a distinct existence, and to +what extent it may have been absorbed in other roads, I am not able to +say. The title of "Pilgrims' road" I take to be a piece of modern +antiquarianism. In the immediate vicinity of this portion there are some +druidical remains: some at Addington, and a portion of a small circle +tolerably distinct in a field and lane between, I think, Trottescliffe +and Ryarsh. In the absence of better information, you may perhaps make +use of this. + +S.H. + + +_Abbe Strickland_ (Vol. ii, p. 198.), of whom I.W.H. asks for +information, is mentioned by _Cox_, in his _Memoirs of Sir Robert +Walpole_, t. i. p. 442., and t. iii. p. 174. + +D. ROCK. + + +_Etymology of Totnes._--The Query of J.M.B. (Vol. i., p 470.) not having +been as yet answered, I venture to offer a few notes on the subject; +and, mindful of your exhortation to brevity, compress my remarks into +the smallest possible compass, though the details of research which +might be indulged in, would call for a dissertation rather them a Note. + +That Totnes is a place of extreme antiquity as a British town cannot be +doubted; first, from the site and character of its venerable hill +fortress; secondly, from the fact that the chief of the four great +British and Roman roads, the Fosse-way, commenced there--"The ferthe of +thisse is most of alle that tilleth from Toteneis ... From the +south-west to north-east into Englonde's end;" and, thirdly, from the +mention of it, and the antiquity assigned to it by our earliest annals +and chronicles. Without entering into the question of the full +authenticity of Brute and the _Saxon Chronicle_, or the implicit +adoption of the legendry tales of Havillan and Geoffry of Monmouth, the +concurring testimony of those records, with the voice of tradition, the +stone of the landing, and the fact that the town is seated at the head +of an estuary the most accessible, the most sheltered, and the best +suited of any on the south-western coast for the invasion of such a +class of vessels as were those of the early navigators, abundantly +warrant the admission that it was the landing-place of some mighty +leader at a very early period of our history. + +And now to the point of the etymology of _Totenais_, as it stands in +Domesday Book. We may, I think, safely dismiss the derivation suggested +by Westcote, on the authority of Leland, and every thing like it derived +from the French, as well as the unknown tongue which he adopts in +"Dodonesse." That we are warranted in seeking to the Anglo-Saxon for +etymology in this instance is shown by the fact, that the names of +places in Devon are very generally derived from that language; e.g. +taking a few only in the neighbourhood of Totnes--Berry, Buckyatt, +Dartington, Halwell, Harberton, Hamstead, Hempstin, Stancombe. + +First, of the termination _ais_ or _eis_. The names of many places of +inferior consequence in Devon end in _hays_, from the Ang.-Saxon _heag_, +a hedge or inclosure; but this rarely, if ever, designates a town or a +place beyond a farmstead, and seems to have been of later application as +to a new location or subinfeudation; for it is never found in Domesday +Book. In that ancient record the word _aisse_ is often found alone, and +often as a prefix and as a terminal; e.g., Aisbertone, Niresse, +Aisseford, Aisselie, &c. This is the Ang.-Saxon _Aesc_, an ash; and it +is uniformly so rendered in English: but it also means a ship or boat, +as built of ash. _Toten_, the major of the name, is, I have no doubt, +the genitive of _Tohta_, "dux, herzog," a leader or commander. Thus we +have _Tohtanoesc_, the vessel of the leader, or the commander's +ship,--commemorating the fact that the boat of some great invader was +brought to land at this place. + +S.S.S + + +_AEdricus qui Signa fundebat_ (Vol. ii., p. 199), must surely have been a +bell-founder: signum is a very common word, in mediaeval writings, for a +"bell." + +D. ROCK + + +_Fiz-gig_ (Vol. ii, p. 120).--I had expected that your Querist C.B. +would have received an {238} immediate reply to his Query as to the +meaning of _fiz-gig_, because the word is in Johnson's _Dictionary_, +where he may also see the line from Sandys' _Job_, in which it caught +his attention. + +You may as well, therefore, tell him two things,--that _fiz-gig_ means a +fish-cart and that Querists should abstain from soliciting your aid in +all cases where a common dictionary would give them the information they +want. + +H.W. + + +_Guineas_ (Vol. ii., p. 10.).--The coin named in the document quoted by +A.J.H. is the _Guiennois_ a gold piece struck at Guienne by Edward III., +and also by his son the Black Prince. It is not likely that the +Guiennois was the original of the name given to the new gold coin of +Charles II., because it could have had no claim to preference beyond the +_Mouton_, the _Chaise_, the _Pavillon_, or any other old Anglo-Gallic +coin. I think we may rest contented with the statement of Leake (who +wrote not much more than half a century after the event), and who says +that the _Guinea_ was so called from the gold of which it was made +having been brought from Guinea by the African Company, whose stamp of +an elephant was ordered to be impressed upon it. + +J.C. Witton. + + +_Numismatics._--My thanks are due to Mr. J.C. Witton (Vol. ii., p. 42.) +for his replies to my Numismatic Queries, though I cannot coincide with +his opinion on Nos. 1. and 3. + +No ancient forger would have taken the pains to cut a die to strike lead +from; and my specimen, from its sharpness, has clearly never been in +circulation: why may it not have been a proof from the original die? + +Of No. 2. I have since been shown several specimens, which had before, I +suppose, escaped my notice. + +On the coin of Macrinus, the letter below the S.C. now clearly appears +to be an [Greek: eta], but the one above is not a [Greek: Delta], but +rather an L or inverted T. It cannot stand for [Greek: Lykabas], as on +the Egyptian coinage, as Macrinus was slain by his soldiers the year +after his accession. + +The Etruscilla, even under a powerful magnifier, betrays no trace of +ever having been plated and has all the marks by which numismatists +determine the genuineness of a coin. The absence of S.C., I must remind +Mr. W., is not uncommon on _third_ brass, though of course it always +appears on the first and second. + +I need go no farther than the one just mentioned of Tiberius, which has +no S.C., and I possess several others which are deficient in this +particular, a Severus Alexander, Elagabalus, &c. After Gallienus it +never appears. + +E.S.T. + + +_Querela Cantabrigiensis_ (Vol. ii, p. 168.).--Dr. Peter Barwick, in the +life of his brother, Dr. Jno. Barwick (Eng. Edit. Lond. 1724, 8vo.), +after describing the treatment of the University by Cromwell, adds (p. +32.) "But Mr. Barwick, no inconsiderable part of this tragedy, together +with others of the University, groaning under the same yoke of tyranny, +and each taking a particular account of the sufferings of his own +college, gave a distinct narrative of all these barbarities, and under +the title of _Querela Cantabrigiensis_, or the _University of +Cambridge's Complaint_, got it printed by the care of Mr. R---- B----, +bookseller of _London_ who did great service to his King and country, by +printing, and dispersing in the most difficult times, books written in +defence of the royal cause." See also _Biog. Brit._, article "Barwick". + +John I. Dredge. + + +_Ben Johnson_ (Vol. ii., p. 167.)--So the name was spelt by most of his +contemporaries. The poem mentioned by N.A.B. is printed in the +_Underwoods_, Gifford's edition, ix., 68; but the MS. may contain +variations worthy of notice. I should doubt its being autograph, not +merely because the poet spelt his name without the _h_, but because the +verses in question are only part of his _Eupheme_. + +J.O. Halliwell. + + +_Barclay's "Argenis"._--Since I sent you a Query on this subject, I have +heard of _one_ translation, by Miss Clara Reeve, the authoress of _The +Old English Baron_ and other works. She commenced her literary career, I +believe, by a translation of this work, which she published in 1772, +under the title of _The Phoenix_. + +Jarltzberg. + + +_Hockey_ (Vol. i., p. 457.).--I have not observed that this has been yet +noticed: if such be the case, permit me to refer to a letter of the poet +Cowper, dated 5th Nov., 1785 (5th vol. _Works_, edit. by Southey, p. +174.) in which, alluding to that day, he says, + + "The boys at Olney have likewise a very entertaining sport which + commences annually upon this day; they call it _hockey_, and it + consists in dashing each other with mud, and the windows also, + so that I am forced to rise now and then and to threaten them + with a horsewhip, to preserve our own." + +F.R.A. + + +_Praed's Poetical Works_ (Vol. ii., p. 190.).--Your Cambridge +correspondent, Mr. Cooper, will be glad to know that Praed's _poems_ are +published in a collected form; _Poetical Works of Winthrop Mackworth +Praed, now first collected by Rufus W. Griswold; New York_, 1844. This +collection contains some thirty-six pieces. The longest poems, "Lillian" +and "The Troubadour," each in two cantos, display passages of great +beauty and exquisite musical flow. Among the charades, five in number, +"Sir Harry, he charged at Agincourt", is not to be found. + +W.M. Kingsmill. + + * * * * * {239} + + +MISCELLANEOUS + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +We announced, after the last Annual Meetings of the Shakspeare Society, +that it had been determined to publish a complete set of the Plays of +one of Shakspeare's most prolific and interesting contemporaries, Thomas +Heywood; and that the first volume of such collection, containing Six +Plays, was then ready. A further contribution towards this collection, +containing _The Royal King and Loyal Subject_, which has not been +reprinted since the old edition of 1637, and his very popular drama, _A +Woman killed with Kindness_, has just been issued, with an Introduction +and Notes by J. Payne Collier, Esq., the zealous and indefatigable +Director of the Society, and will, we are sure, be welcomed by every +lover of our early drama. The Shakspeare Society will, indeed, do good +service to the cause of our early literature if it prove the means of +securing us, a uniform series of the works of such of our Elizabethan +dramatists as do not stand sufficiently high in the opinion of the +uninitiated, to tempt the publishing world to put forth their +productions in a collected form. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--John Petheram's (94. High +Holborn) Catalogue, Part CXV. (No. 9. for 1850), of Old and New Books; +Cole's (15. Great Turnstile) List, No. XXVIII., of Useful Second-hand +Books. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +Diurnal Readings, 1 vol. 8vo. + +Scottish Poems collected by Pinkerton, 2 vols. sm. 8vo., 1792. + +ODD VOLUMES + +Bell's Shakspeare's Plays and Poems. Vol. I. + +Ivimey's History of the Baptists. Vol. II. + +Edwards' Gangraena. Parts II. and III. + +Asiatic Annual Register. Vol. VII. for 1805. + +Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES", 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Notices to Correspondents. + +Nocab _is informed that the Prelate to whom he refers was created a D.D. +by the late Archbishop of Canterbury. It certainly is not necessary that +the recipient of such a degree should have previously taken that of M.A. +or B.A._ + +H.I.G., _Northampton. The Editor would be happy to insert the Question +of this Correspondent, relating to the Epistles of St. Paul, but he +apprehends that the discussion to which it would give rise would, in +order to its being of any use, require more space than could be +afforded, and involve a good deal of criticism and argument not suited +to these columns._ + +A.B. _(Bradpole) will find a notice of the line "Incidis in Scyllam", +&c., which is taken from Gualter de Lisle's Alexandriad, in Notes and +Queries, Vol. ii., p. 86._ + +_The loan of a copy of the Teseide is freely offered to our Brighton +correspondent_. + +To be Published by Subscription, in 3 vols. fcp. 8vo. + +I. NORTHERN MYTHOLOGY, comprising the Principal Later Superstitions of +Scandinavia. + +II. POPULAR TRADITIONS of Scandinavia and the Netherlands. By B. Thorpe. + +The work will be sent to press as soon as the number subscribed for +shall be adequate to cover the cost of printing. + +Names received by Messrs. R. and J.E. 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THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary of the +Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays and Legends of +all Nations," &c. One objec. of the present work is to furnish new +contributions to the History of our National Folk-Lore; and especially +some of the more striking Illustrations of the subject to be found in +the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental Antiquaries. + +Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable Customs and +Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are earnestly solicited, and +will be thankfully acknowledged by the Editor. They may be addressed to +the care of Mr. BELL, Office of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +TESTIMONIAL TO DR. CONOLLY.--At a meeting held at 12. Old Burlington +Street, Saturday, August 3d. 1850, the Right Hon. Lord Ashley in the +chair; the following resolutions among others were unanimously agreed +to: + +That Dr. JOHN CONOLLY, of Hanwell, is, in the opinion of this meeting, +eminently entitled to some public mark of esteem and gratitude, for his +long, zealous, disinterested, and most successful labours in +ameliorating the treatment of the insane. + +That a committee be now formed, for the purpose of carrying into effect +the foregoing Resolution, by making the requisite arrangements for the +presentation to Dr. Conolly of _A Public Testimonial_, commemorative of +his invaluable services in the cause of humanity, and expressive of the +just appreciation of those services by his numerous friends and +admirers, and by the public generally. + +THE COMMITTEE subsequently resolved: + +That in the opinion of the committee, the most appropriate Testimonial +will be a PORTRAIT of Dr. CONOLLY (for which he is requested to sit), to +be presented to his family, and an ENGRAVING of the same, to be +presented to the subscribers; and that the ultimate arrangement of this +latter point be made at a future meeting of the committee. + +It has been determined that the individual subscriptions shall be +limited to Five Guineas; that subscribers of Two Guineas and upwards +shall receive a proof impression of the Engraving; and subscribers of +One Guinea, a print. + +It is also proposed to present Dr. CONOLLY with a piece of plate, should +the funds permit after defraying the expenses of the painting and +engraving. + +Subscribers' names and subscriptions will be received by the +secretaries, at 12. Old Burlington Street, and 4. Burlington Gardens, +and by the Treasurers, at the Union Bank, Regent Street Branch, Argyll +Place, London. Post-office Orders should be made payable at the +Post-office _Piccadilly_, to one of the Secretaries. + +JOHN FORBES, +RICHARD FRANKUM, +_Secretaries_. + +_London, August 3d, 1850_. + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. 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