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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/13361-0.txt b/13361-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a78ae22 --- /dev/null +++ b/13361-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1973 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13361 *** + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 36.] SATURDAY, JULY 6, 1850. [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * *{81} + +CONTENTS + +NOTES:-- + Further Notes on Derivation of the Word "News", by + Samuel Hickson 81 + More Borrowed Thoughts, by S. W. Singer 82 + Strangers in the House of Commons, by C. Ross 83 + Folk Lore:--High Spirits considered a Presage of impending + Calamity, by C Forbes 84 + The Hydro-Incubator, by H. Kersley 84 + Etymology of the Word "Parliament" 85 + "Incidis in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim," by + C. Forbes and T. H. Friswell 85 + A Note of Admiration! 86 + The Earl of Norwich and his Son George Lord + Goring, by CH. and Lord Braybooke 86 + +QUERIES:-- + James Carkasse's Lucida Intervalla 87 + Minor Queries:--Epigrams on the Universities--Lammas'Day--Mother + Grey's Apples--Jewish Music--The Plant "Haemony"--Ventriloquism-- + Epigram on Statue of French King--Lux fiat-Hiring of Servants-- + Book of Homilies--Collar of SS.--Rainbow--Passage in Lucan--William + of Wykeham--Richard Baxter's Descendants--Passage in St. Peter-- + Juicecups--Derivation of "Yote" or "Yeot"--Pedigree of Greene + Family--Family of Love--Sir Gammer Vans 87 + +REPLIES:-- + Punishment of Death by Burning 90 + To give a Man Horns, by C. Forbes and J.E.B. Mayor 90 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Shipster--Three Dukes--Bishops + and their Precedence--Why Moses represented with + Horns--Leicester and the reputed Poisoners of his Time--New + Edition of Milton--Christian Captives--Borrowed Thoughts--North + Sides of Churchyards--Monastery--Churchyards--Epitaphs--Umbrellas-- + English Translations of Erasmus--Chantrey's Sleeping Children, & c. + 91 + +MISCELLANIES:-- + Separation of the Sexes in Time of Divine Service--Error + in Winstanley's Loyal Martyrology--Preaching in Nave only 94 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, Sales, & c. 95 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted 95 + Notices to Correspondents 95 + Advertisements 96 + + * * * * * + +NOTES + +FURTHER NOTES ON DERIVATION OF THE WORD "NEWS". + +Without being what the Germans would call a _purist_, I cannot deem it +an object of secondary importance to defend the principles of the law +and constitution of the English language. For the adoption of words we +have no rule; and we act just as our convenience or necessity dictates: +but in their formation we must strictly conform to the laws we find +established. Your correspondents C.B. and A.E.B. (Vol. ii., p. 23.) seem +to me strangely to misconceive the real point at issue between us. To a +question by the latter, why I should attempt to derive "News" indirectly +from a German adjective, I answer, because in its transformation into a +German noun declined as an adjective, it gives the form which I contend +no English process will give. The rule your correspondents deduce from +this, neither of them, it appears, can understand. As I am not certain +that their deduction is a correct one, I beg to express it in my own +words as follows:--There is no such process known to the English +language as the formation of a noun-singular out of an adjective by the +addition of "_s_": neither is there any process known by which a +noun-plural can be formed from an adjective, without the previous +formation of the singular in the same sense; except in such cases as +"the rich, the poor, the noble," &c., where the singular form is used in +a plural sense. C.B. instances "goods, the shallows, blacks, for +mourning, greens." To the first of these I have already referred; +"shallow" is unquestionably a noun-singular; and to the remaining +instances the following remarks will apply. + +As it should be understood that my argument applies solely to the +_English_ language, I think I might fairly take exception to a string of +instances with which A.E.B. endeavours to refute me from a vocabulary of +a language very expressive, no doubt, yet commonly called "slang". The +words in question are not English: I never use them myself, nor do I +recognise the right or necessity for any one else to do so; and I might, +indeed, deem this a sufficient answer. But the fact is that the language +in some degree is losing its instincts, and liberties are taken with it +now that it would not have allowed in its younger days. Have we not seen +participial adjectives made from nouns? I shall therefore waive my +objection, and answer by saying that there is no analogy between the +instances given and the case in point. They are, one and all, elliptical +expressions signifying "black clothes, green vegetables, tight +pantaloons, heavy dragoons, odd chances," &c. "Blacks" and "whites" are +not in point, the singular of either being quite as admissible as the +plural. The rule, if it be worth while to lay down a rule for the +formation of such vulgarisms, appears to be {82} that characteristic +adjective, in constant conjunction with a noun in common use, may be +used alone, the noun being understood. Custom has limited in some +measure the use of these abridged titles to classes or collective +bodies, and the adjective takes the same form that the noun itself would +have had; but, in point of fact, it would be just as good English to say +"a heavy" as "the heavies" and they all become unintelligible when we +lose sight of the noun to which they belong. If A.E.B. should assert +that a glass of "cold without," _because_, by those accustomed to +indulge in such potations, it was understood to mean "brandy and _cold_ +water, _without_ sugar," was really a draught from some "well of purest +English undefil'd," the confusion of ideas could not be more complete. + +Indeed, I very much doubt whether our word "News" contains the idea of +"new" at all. It is used with us to mean intelligence and the phrases, +"Is there any thing new?" and "Is there any news?" present, in my +opinion, two totally distinct ideas to the English mind in its ordinary +mechanical action. "Intelligence" is not necessarily "new", nor indeed +is "News:" in the oldest dictionary I possess, Baret's _Alvearie_, 1573, +I find "Olde newes or stale newes." A.E.B. is very positive that "news" +is plural, and he cites the "Cardinal of York" to prove it. All that I +can say is, that I think the Cardinal of York was wrong: and A.E.B. +thought so too, when his object was not to confound me, as may be seen +by his own practice in bloc concluding paragraph of his +communication:--"The _newes_ WAS of the victory," &c. The word "means," +on the other hand, is beyond all dispute plural. What says Shakspeare? + + "Yet nature is made letter by no mean + But nature makes that mean." + +The plural was formed by the addition of "_s_:" yet from the infrequent +use of the word except in the plural, the singular form has become +obsolete, and the same form applies now to both numbers. Those who would +apply this reasoning to "News," forget that there is the slight +difficulty of the absence of the _noun_ "new" to start from. + +I do not feel bound to furnish proof of so obvious a fact, that many of +the most striking similarities in language are mere coincidences. Words +derived from the same root, and retaining the same meaning, frequently +present the most dissimilar appearance, as "evêque" and "bishop;" and +the most distant roots frequently meet in the same word. When your +correspondents, therefore, remind me that there is a French word, +_noise_, I must remind them that it contains not one element of our +English word. Richardson gives the French word, but evidently discards +it, preferring the immediate derivation from "_noy_, that which noies or +annoys." I confess I do not understand his argument; but it was +referring to this that I said that our only known process would make a +plural noun of it. I have an impression that I have met with "annoys" +used by poetical license for "annoyances." + +"Noise" has never been used in the sense of the French word in this +country. If derived immediately from the French, it is hardly probable +that it should so entirely have lost every particle of its original +meaning. With us it is either _a loud sound_, or _fame, report, rumour_, +being in this sense rendered in the Latin by the same two words, _fama, +rumor_, as News. The former sense is strictly consequential to the +latter, which I believe to be the original signification, as shown in +its use in the following passages:-- + + "At the same time it was noised abroad in the realme" + +_Holinshed_. + + Cleopatra, catching but the least noise of this, dies + instantly. + +_Ant. and Cleo._, Act i. Sc. 2. + + _Cre_. What was his cause of anger? + _Ser_. The noise goes, this. + +_Troil. and Cres._, Act. i. Sc. 2. + +Whether I or your correspondents be right, will remain perhaps for ever +doubtful; but the flight that can discover a relationship between this +word and another pronounced[1] as nearly the same as the two languages +will admit of, and which gives at all events one sense, if not, as I +think, the primary one, is scarcely so eccentric as that which finds the +origin of a word signifying a loud sound, and fame, or rumor, in +"nisus"; not even _struggle_, in the sense of _contention_, an endeavour +an effort, a strain. + +SAMUEL HICKSON. + +St. John's Wood, June 15, 1850. + +[Footnote 1: I do not think it necessary, here, to defend my +pronunciation of German; the expressions I now use being sufficient for +the purpose of my argument. I passed over CH.'s observation on this +subject, because it did not appear to me to touch the question.] + + * * * * * + +MORE BORROWED THOUGHTS. + + O many are the poets that are sown + By nature men endowed with highest gifts, + The vision and the facility divine, + Yet wanting the accomplishment of verse, + Nor having e'er, as life advanced, been led + by circumstance to take the height, + The measure of themselves, &c. + +Wordsworth's _Excursion_, B. i. + +This admired passage has its prototype in the following from the +_Lettere di Battista Guarini_, who points to a thought of similar kind +in Dante:-- + +"O quante nolili ingegni si perdono che riuscerebbe mirabili [in poesia] +se dal seguir le inchinazione loro non fossero, ò dà loro appetiti ò da +i Padri loro sviati." + +Coleridge, in his _Bibliographia Literaria_, 1st ed., vol. i. p. 28., +relates a story of some one who desired {83} to be introduced to him, +but hesitated because he asserted that he had written an epigram on "The +Ancient Mariner," which Coleridge had himself written and inserted in +_The Morning Post_, to this effect:-- + + "Your poem must eternal be + Dear Sir! it cannot fail; + For 'tis incomprehensible, + And without head or tail." + +This was, however, only a Gadshill robbery,--stealing stolen goods. The +following epigram is said to be by Mr. Hole, in a MS. collection made by +Spence (penes me), and it appeared first in print in _Terræ Filius_, +from whence Dr. Salter copied it in his _Confusion worse Confounded_, p. +88:-- + + "Thy verses are eternal, O my friend! + For he who reads them, reads them to no end." + +In _The Crypt_, a periodical published by the late Rev. P. Hall, vol. i. +p. 30., I find the following attributed to Coleridge, but I know not on +what authority, as it does not appear among his collected poems:-- + +JOB'S LUCK, BY S. T. COLERIDGE, ESQ. + + "Sly Beelzebub took all occasions + To try Job's constancy and patience; + He took his honours, took his health, + He took his children, took his wealth, + His camels, horses, asses, cows,-- + Still the sly devil did not take his spouse. + "But heav'n, that brings out good from evil, + And likes to disappoint the devil, + Had predetermined to restore + Two-fold of all Job had before, + His children, camels, asses, cows,-- + Short-sighted devil, not to take his spouse." + +This is merely an amplified version of the 199th epigram of the 3d Book +of Owen: + + "Divitias Jobo, sobolemque, ipsamque salutem + Abstulit (hoc Domino non prohibens) Satan. + Omnibus ablatis, miserò, tamen una superstes, + Quae magis afflictum redderet, uxor erat." + +Of this there are several imitations in French, three of which are given +in the _Epigrammes Choisies d'Owen_, par M. de Kerivalant, published by +Labouisse at Lyons in 1819. + +S.W. SINGER. + +Mickleham, 1850. + + * * * * * + +STRANGERS IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS. + +(Vol. ii., p. 17.) + +As far as my observation extends, i.e. the last thirty-one years, no +alteration has taken place in the practice of the House of Commons with +respect to the admission of strangers. In 1844 the House adopted the +usual sessional order regarding strangers, which I transcribe, inserting +within brackets the only material words added by Mr. Christie in 1845:-- + + "That the Serjeant-at-Arms attending this house do, from time to + time, take into his custody any stranger or strangers that he + shall see or be informed of to be in the house or gallery + [appropriated to the members of this house, and also any + stranger who, having been admitted into any other part of the + house or gallery, shall misconduct himself, or shall not + withdraw when strangers are directed to withdraw] while the + House or any committee of the whole House is sitting, and that + no person so taken into custody be discharged out of custody + without the special order of the House. + + "That no member of the House do presume to bring any stranger or + strangers into the house, or the gallery thereof, while the + House is sitting." + +This order appears to have been framed at a time when there was no +separate gallery exclusively appropriated to strangers, and when they +were introduced by members into the gallery of what is called the "body +of the house." This state of things had passed away: and for a long +series of years strangers had been admitted to a gallery in the House of +Commons in the face of the sessional order, by which your correspondent +CH. imagines their presence was "absolutely prohibited." + +When I speak of strangers being admitted, it must not be supposed that +this was done by order of the House. No, every thing relating to the +admission of strangers to, and their accommodation in the House of +Commons, is effected by some mysterious agency for which no one is +directly responsible. Mr. Barry has built galleries for strangers in the +new house; but if the matter were made a subject of inquiry, it probably +would puzzle him to state under what authority he has acted. + +Mr. Christie wished to make the sessional order applicable to existing +circumstances; and, it may be, he desired to draw from the House a +direct sanction for the admission of strangers. In the latter purpose, +however, if he ever entertained it, he failed. The wording of his +amendment is obscure, but necessarily so. The word "gallery," as +employed by him, can only refer to the gallery appropriated to members +of the House; but he intended it to apply to the strangers' gallery. The +order should have run thus, "admitted into any other part of the house, +or into the gallery appropriated to strangers;" but Mr. Christie well +knew that the House would not adopt those words, because they contain an +admission that strangers _are_ present whilst the House is sitting, +whereas it is a parliamentary fiction that they are _not_. If a member +in debate should inadvertently allude to the possibility of his +observations being heard by a stranger, the Speaker would immediately +call him to order; yet at other times the right honourable gentleman +will listen complacently to discussions {84} arising out of the +complaints of members that strangers will not publish to the world all +that they hear pass in debate. This is one of the consistencies +resulting from the determination of the House not expressly to recognise +the presence of strangers; but, after all, I am not aware that any +practical inconvenience flows from it. The non-reporting strangers +occupy a gallery at the end of the house immediately opposite the +Speaker's chair; but the right hon. gentleman, proving the truth of the +saying, "None so blind as he who will not see," never perceives them +until just as a division is about to take place, when he invariably +orders them to withdraw. When a member wishes to exclude strangers he +addresses the Speaker, saying, "I think, Sir, I see a stranger or +strangers in the house," whereupon the Speaker instantly directs +strangers to withdraw. The Speaker issues his order in these +words:--"Strangers must withdraw." + +C. Ross. + +_Strangers in the House of Commons_.--As a rider to the notice of CH. in +"NOTES AND QUERIES," it may be well to quote for correction the +following remarks in a clever article in the last _Edinburgh Review_, on +Mr. Lewis' _Authority in Matters of Opinion_. The Reviewer says (p. +547.):-- + +"_This practice_ (viz., of publishing the debates in the House of +Commons) _which, &c., is not merely unprotected by law--it is positively +illegal_. Even the presence of auditors is a violation of the standing +orders of the House." + +ED. S. JACKSON. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_High Spirits considered a Presage of impending Calamity or Death_:-- + + 1. "How oft when men are at the point of death + Have they been merry! which their keepers call + A lightning before death." + +_Romeo and Juliet_, Act v. Sc. 3. + +2. "C'était le jour de Noel [1759]. Je m'étais levé d'assez bonne heure, +et avec une humeur plus gaie que de coutume. Dans les idées de vieille +femme, cela présage toujours quelque chose do triste.... Pour cette fois +pourtunt le hasard justifia la croyance."--_Mémoires de J. Casanova_, +vol. iii p. 29. + +3. "Upon Saturday last ... the Duke did rise up, in a well-disposed +humour, out of his bed, and cut a caper or two.... Lieutenant Felton +made a thrust with a common tenpenny knife, over Fryer's arm at the +Duke, which lighted so fatally, that he slit his heart in two, leaving +the knife sticking in the body."--_Death of Duke of Buckingham_; Howell. +_Fam. Letters_, Aug. 5, 1628. + +4. "On this fatal evening [Feb. 20, 1435], the revels of the court were +kept up to a late hour ... the prince himself appears to have been in +unusually gay and cheerful spirits. He even jested, if we may believe +the cotemporary manuscript, about a prophecy which had declared that a +king should that year be slain."--_Death of King James I_.; Tytler, +_Hist. Scotland_, vol. iii. p. 306. + +5. "'I think,' said the old gardener to one of the maids, 'the gauger's +_fie_;' by which word the common people express those violent spirits +which they think a presage of death."--_Guy Mannering_, chap. 9. + +6. "H.W.L." said: "I believe the bodies of the four persons seen by the +jury, were those of G.B., W.B., J.B., and T.B. On Friday night they were +all very merry, and Mrs. B. said she feared something would happen +before they went to bed, because they were so happy."--_Evidence given +at inquest on bodies of four persons killed by explosion of +firework-manufactory in Bermondsey_, Friday, Oct. 12, 1849. See _Times_, +Oct. 17, 1849. + +Nos. 1, 2, 5, 6, are evidently notices of the Belief; Nos. 3, 4, are +"what you will." Many of your correspondents may be able to supply +earlier and more curious illustrations. + +C. FORBES + +June 19. + + * * * * * + +THE HYDRO-INCUBATOR. + +Most, if not all, of your readers have heard of the newly-invented +machine for hatching and rearing in chickens, without the maternal aid +of the hen; probably many of them have paid a visit (and a _shilling_) +at No. 4. Leicester Square, where the incubator is to be seen in full +operation. The following extract will, therefore, be acceptable, as it +tends to show the truth of the inspired writer's words, "There is no new +thing under the sun:"-- + + "Therefore ... it were well we made our remarks in some + creatures, that might be continually in our power, to observe in + them the course of nature, every day and hour. Sir _John + Heydon_, the Lieutenant of his Majesties Ordnance (that generous + and knowing gentleman and consummate souldier, both in theory + and practice) was the first that instructed me how to do this, + by means of a furnace, so made as to imitate the warmth of a + sitting hen. In which you may lay several eggs to hatch and by + breaking them at several ages, you may distinctly observe every + hourly mutation in them, if you please. The first will be, that + on one side you shall find a great resplendent clearness in the + white. After a while, a little spot of red matter, like blood + will appear in the midst of that clearness, fast'ned to the + yolk, which will have a motion of opening and shutting, so as + sometimes you will see it, and straight again it will vanish + from your sight, and indeed, at first it is so little that you + cannot see it, but by the motion of it; for at every pulse, as + it opens you may see it, and immediately again it shuts, in such + sort as it is not to be discerned. From this red speck, after a + while, there will stream out a number of little (almost + imperceptible) red veins. At the end of some of which, in time, + there will be gathered together a knot of matter, which by + little and little will take the form of a head and you will, ere + long, begin to discern eyes and a beak in it. All this while the + first red spot of blood grows bigger and solider, till at length + it becomes {85} a fleshy substance, and, by its figure, may easily + be discern'd to be the heart; which as yet hath no other inclosure + but the substance of the egg. But by little and little, the rest + of the body of an animal is framed out of those red veins which + stream out all about from the heart. And in process of time, + that body encloses the heart within it by the chest, which grows + over on both sides, and in the end meets and closes itself fast + together. After which this little creature soon fills the shell, + by converting into several parts of itself all the substance of + the egg; and then growing weary of so strait a habitation, it + breaks prison and comes out a perfectly formed chicken."--Sir + Kenelm Digby's _Treatise of Bodies_, Ch. xxiv. p. 274. ed. 1669. + +Could Sir Kenelm return to the scenes of this upper world, and pay a +visit to Mr. Cantelo's machine, his shade might say with truthfulness, +what Horace Smith's mummy answered to his questioner,-- + + "--We men of yore + Were versed in all the knowledge you can mention." + +The operations of the two machines appear to be precisely the same: the +only difference being the Sir Kenelm's was an experimental one, made for +the purpose of investigating the process of nature; while Cantelo's, in +accordance with "the spirit of the iron time," is a practical one, made +for the purposes of utility and profit. Sir Kenelm's Treatise appears to +have been first published in the year 1644. + +HENRY KERSLEY. + +Corpus Christi Hall, Maidstone. + + * * * * * + +ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD "PARLIAMENT." + +It has been observed by a learned annotator on the _Commentaries of +Blackstone_, that, "no inconsiderable pains have been bestowed in +analysing the word 'Parliament;'" and after adducing several amusing +instances of the attempts that have been made (and those too by men of +the most recondite learning) to arrive at its true radical properties, +he concludes his remarks by observing that + + "'Parliament' imported originally nothing more than a council or + conference, and that the termination '_ment_,' in parliament, + has no more signification than it has in _impeachment_, + _engagement_, _imprisonment_, _hereditament_, and ten thouand + others of the same nature." + +He admits, however, that the civilians have, in deriving testament from +_testari mentem_, imparted a greater significance to the termination +"ment." Amidst such diversity of opinion, I am emboldened to offer a +solution of the word "Parliament," which, from its novelty alone, if +possessing no better qualification, may perhaps recommend itself to the +consideration of your readers. In my humble judgment, all former +etymologists of the word appear to have stumbled _in limine_, for I +would suggest that its compounds are "_palam_" and "_mens_." + +With the Romans there existed a law that in certain cases the verdict of +the jury might be given CLAM VEL PALAM, viz., _privily_ or _openly_, or +in other words, by _tablet_ or _ballot_, or by _voices_. Now as the +essence of a Parliament or council of the people was its representative +character, and as secrecy would be inconsistent with such a character, +it was doubtless a _sine quâ non_ that its proceedings should be +conducted "_palam_," in an open manner. The absence of the letter "_r_" +may possibly be objected to, but a moment's reflection will cast it into +the shade, the classical pronunciation of the word _palam_ being the +same as if spelt _PARlam_; and the illiterate state of this country when +the word Parliament was first introduced would easily account for a +_phonetic_ style of orthography. The words enumerated by Blackstone's +annotator are purely of English composition, and have no _correspondent_ +in the dead languages; whilst _testament_, _sacrament_, _parliament_, +and many others, are Latin words Anglicised by dropping the termination +"_um_"--a great distinction as regards the relative value of words, +which the learned annotator seems to have overlooked. "_Mentum_" is +doubtless the offspring of "_mens_", signifying the mind, thought, +deliberation, opinion; and as we find "_palam populo_" to mean "_in the +sight of the people_," so, without any great stretch of imagination, may +we interpret "_palam mente_" into "_freedom of thought or of +deliberation_" or "_an open expression of opinion_:" the essential +qualities of a representative system, and which our ancestors have been +careful to hand down to posterity in a word, viz., _Parliament_. + +FRANCISCUS. + + * * * * * + +"INCIDIS IN SCYLLAM, CUPIENS VITARE CHARYBDIM." + +I should be sorry to see this fine old _proverb in metaphor_ passed over +with no better notice than that which seems to have been assigned to it +in Boswell's _Johnson_. + +Erasmophilos, a correspondent of the _Gentleman's Magazine_ in 1774, +quotes a passage from Dr. Jortin's _Life of Erasmus_, vol. ii. p. 151., +which supplies the following particulars, viz.:-- + +1. That the line was first discovered by Galeottus Martius of Narni, +A.D. 1476. + +2. That it is in lib. v. 301. of the "Alexandreis," a poem in _ten_ +books, by Philippe Gualtier (commonly called "de Chatillon," though in +reality a native of Lille, in Flanders). + +3. That the context of the passage in which it occurs is as follows:-- + + "-- Quo tendis inertem + Rex periture, fugam? Nescis, heu perdite, nescis + Quem fugias: hostes incurris dum fugis hostem. + Incidis in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim." + +where the poet apostrophises Darius, who, while {86} flying from +Alexander, fell into the lands of Bessus. (See _Selections from Gent. +Mag_. vol. ii. p. 199. London, 1814.) + +C. FORBES. + +This celebrated Latin verse, which has become proverbial, has a very +obscure authority, probably not known to many of your readers. It is +from Gualtier de Lille, as has been remarked by Galeottus Martius and +Paquier in their researches. This Gualtier flourished in the thirteenth +century. The verse is extracted from a poem in ten books, called the +"Alexandriad," and it is the 301st of the 5th book; it relates to the +fate of Darius, who, flying from Alexander, fell into the hands of +Bessus. It runs thus:-- + + "-- Quo flectis inertem + Rex periture, fugam? Nescis, heu perdite, nescis, + Quem fugias; hostes incurris dum fugis hostem; + _Incidis in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim_" + +As honest JOHN BUNYAN, to his only bit of Latin which he quotes, places +a marginal note: "The Latin which I borrow,"--a very honest way; so I I +beg to say that I never saw this "Alexandriad," and that the above is an +excerpt from _Menagiana_, pub. 1715, edited by Bertrand de la Monnoie, +wherein may also be found much curious reading and research. + +JAMES H. FRISWELL. + + * * * * * + +A NOTE OF ADMIRATION! + +Sir Walter Scott, in a letter to Miss Johanna Baillie, dated October 12, +1825, (Lockhart's _Life of Sir W. S._, vol. vi. p. 82.), says,-- + + "I well intended to have written from Ireland, but alas! as some + stern old divine says, 'Hell is paved with good intentions.' + There was such a whirl of laking, and boating, and wondering, + and shouting, and laughing, and carousing--" [He alludes to his + visiting among the Westmoreland and Cumberland lakes on his way + home, especially] "so much to be seen, and so little time to see + it; so much to be heard, and only two ears to listen to twenty + voices, that upon the whole I grew desperate, and gave up all + thoughts of doing what was right and proper on post-days, and so + all my epistolary good intentions are gone to Macadamise, I + suppose, 'the burning marle' of the infernal regions." + +How easily a showy absurdity is substituted for a serious truth, and +taken for granted to be the right sense. Without having been there, I +may venture to affirm that "Hell is _not_ paved with good intentions, +such things being _all lost or dropt on the way_ by travellers who reach +that bourne;" for, where "Hope never comes," "good intentions" cannot +exist any more than they can be formed, since to fulfil them were +impossible. The authentic and emphatical figure in the saying is, "The +_road_ to hell is paved with good intentions;" and it was uttered by the +"stern old divine," whoever he might be, as a warning _not_ to let "good +intentions" miscarry for want of being realized at the time and upon the +spot. The moral, moreover, is manifestly this, that people may be going +to hell with "the best intentions in the world," substituting all the +while _well-meaning_ for _well-doing_. + +J.M.G + +Hallamshire. + + * * * * * + +THE EARL OF NORWICH AND HIS SON GEORGE LORD GORING. + +As in small matters accuracy is of vital consequence, let me correct a +mistake which I made, writing in a hurry, in my last communication about +the two Gorings (Vol. ii., p. 65.). The Earl of Norwich was not under +sentence of death, as is there stated, on January 8, 1649. He was then a +prisoner: he was not tried and sentenced till March.[2] + +The following notice of the son's quarrels with his brother cavaliers +occurs in a letter printed in Carte's bulky appendix to his bulky _Life +of the Duke of Ormond_. As this is an unread book, you may think it +worth while to print the passage, which is only confirmatory of +Clarendon's account of the younger Goring's proceedings in the West of +England in 1645. The letter is from Arthur Trevor to Ormond, and dated +Launceston, August 18, 1645. + + "Mr. Goring's army is broken and all his men in disorder. He + hates the council here, and I find plainly there is no love + lost; they fear he will seize on the Prince, and he, that they + will take him: what will follow hereupon may be foretold, + without the aid of the wise woman on the bank. Sir John + Colepeper was at Court lately to remove him, to the discontent + of many. In short, the war is at an end in the West; each one + looks for a ship, and nothing more. + + "Lord Digby and Mr. Goring are not friends; Prince Rupert yet + goes with Mr. Goring, but how long that will hold, I dare not + undertake, knowing both their constitutions." + +It will be observed that the writer of the letter, though a cavalier, +here calls him _Mr. Goring_, when as his father was created Earl of +Norwich in the previous year, he was _Lord Goring_ in cavalier +acceptation. + +He is indiscriminately called Mr. Goring and Lord Goring in passages of +letters by cavaliers relating to the campaign in the West of 1645, which +occur in Carte's _Collection of Letters_ (vol. i. pp. 59, 60. 81. 86.). + +A number of letters about the son, Lord Goring's proceedings in the West +in 1645 are printed in the third volume of Mr. Lister's _Life of Lord +Clarendon_. + +The Earl of Norwich's second son, Charles, who afterwards succeeded as +second earl, commanded a {87} brigade under his brother in the West in +1645. (Bulstrode's _Memoirs_, p. 142.; Carte's _Letters_, i. 116. 121.) + +Some account of the father, Earl of Norwich's operations against the +parliament in Essex in 1648, is given in a curious autobiography of +Arthur Wilson, the author of the _History of James I_., which is printed +in Peck's _Desiderata Curiosa_, book xi. part 5. Wilson was living at +the time in Essex. + +An interesting fragment of a letter from Goring the son to the Earl of +Dorset, written apparently as he was on the point of retiring into +France, and dated Pondesfred, January 26, 1646, is printed in Mr. Eliot +Warburton's _Memoirs of Prince Rupert_, iii. 215. + +Mr. Warburton, by the way, clearly confounds the father with the son +when he speaks of the Earl of Norwich's trial and reprieve (iii. 408.). +Three letters printed in Mr. W.'s second volume (pp. 172. 181, 182.), +and signed "Goring", are probably letters of the father's, but given by +Mr. Warburton to the son. + +I perceive also that Mr. Bell, the editor of the lately published +_Fairfax Correspondence_, has not avoided confusion between the father +and son. In the first volume of the correspondence relating to the civil +war (p. 281.), the editor says, under date January, 1646,-- + + "Lord Hopton in the meanwhile has been appointed to the command + in Cornwall, superseding Goring. Also has been sent off on + several negociations to France." + + Goring went off to France on his own account; his father was at that + time Charles I.'s ambassador at the court of France. + +I should like to know the year in which a letter of Goring the son's, +printed by Mr. Bell in vol. i. p. 23., was written, if it can be +ascertained. As printed, it is dated "Berwick, June 22." Is _Berwick_ +right? Is there a bath there? The letter is addressed to Sir Constantine +Huygens, and in it is this passage-- + + "I have now my lameness so much renewed that I cannot come to + clear myself; as soon as the bath has restored me to my + strength, I shall employ it in his Highness's service, if he + please to let me return into the same place of his favour that I + thought myself happy in before." + +I should expect that this letter was written from France after Goring's +abrupt retreat into that country. It is stated that the letter comes +from Mr. Bentley's collection. + +The Earl of Norwich was in Flanders in November 1569, and accompanied +the Dukes of York and Gloucester from Brussels to Breda. (Carte's +_Letters_, ii. 282.) + +CH. + +If the following account of the Goring family given by Banks (_Dormant +and Extinct Peerage_, vol. iii. p. 575.) is correct, it will appear that +the father and both his sons were styled at different times. "Lord +Goring," and that they may very easily be distinguished. + + "George Goring, of Hurstpierpont, Sussex, the son of George + Goring, and Anne his wife, sister to Edward Lord Denny, + afterwards Earl of Norwich, was created Baron Goring in the + fourth of Charles I., and in the xx'th of the same reign + advanced to the earldom of Norwich, which had become extinct by + the death of his maternal uncle above-mentioned, S.P.M. + + "He betrayed Portsmouth, of which he was governor, to the king, + and rendered him many other signal services. He married Mary, + one of the daughters of Edward Nevill, vi'th Baron of + Abergavenny, and had issue four daughters, and two sons, the + eldest of whom, George, was an eminent commander for Charles I., + and best _known as 'General Goring_,' and who, after the loss of + the crown to his royal master, retired to the Continent, and + served with credit as lieutenant-general to the King of Spain. + He married Lettice, daughter of Richard Earl of Cork, and died + abroad, S.P., in _the lifetime of his father_, who survived till + 1662, and was succeeded by _his only remaining son_, Charles + Lord Goring, and second Earl of Norwich, with whom, as he left + no issue by his wife, daughter of ---- Leman, and widow of Sir + Richard Beker, all his honours became extinct in 1672. He was + unquestionably the Lord Goring noticed by Pepys as returning to + England in 1660, and not the old peer his father, who, if + described by any title, would have been styled 'Earl of + Norwich.'" + +BRAYBROOKE. + +July 1, 1850. + +[Footnote 2: Let me also correct a misprint. Banks, the author of the +_Dormant and Extinct Perrage_, is misprinted Burke.] + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES + +JAMES CARKASSE'S LUCIDA INTERVALLA, AN ILLUSTRATION OF PEPYS' DIARY. + +I met lately with a quarto volume of poems printed at London in 1679, +entitled: + + "_Lucida Intevalla_ containing divers miscellaneous Poems + written at Finsbury and Bethlem, by the Doctor's Patient + Extraordinary." + +On the title-page was written in an old hand the native of the "patient +extraordinary" and author _James Carkasse_, and that of the "doctor" +_Thomas Allen_. A little reading convinced me that the writer was a very +fit subject for a lunatic asylum; but at page 5, I met with an allusion +to the celebrated Mr. Pepys, which I will beg to quote:-- + + "Get thee behind me then, dumb devil, begone, + The Lord hath eppthatha said to my tongue, + Him I must praise who open'd hath my lips, + Sent me from Navy, to the Ark, by Pepys; + By Mr. Pepys, who hath my rival been + For the Duke's[3] favour, more than years thirteen; + But I excluded, he high and fortunate, + This Secretary I could never mate; {88} + But Clerk of th' Acts, if I'm a parson, then + I shall prevail, the voice outdoes the pen; + Though in a gown, this challenge I may make, + And wager win, save if you can, your stake. + To th' Admiral I all submit, and vail--" + +The book from which I extract is _cropped_, so that the last line is +illegible. Can the noble editor of Pepys' _Diary_, or any of your +readers, inform me who and what was this Mr. James Carkasse? + +W.B.R. + +[Footnote 3: The Duke of York, afterwards James II.] + + * * * * * + + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Epigrams on the Universities_.--There are two clever epigrams on the +circumstance, I believe, of Charles I. sending a troop of horse to one +of the universities, about the same time that he presented some books to +the other. + +The sting of the first, if I recollect right, is directed against the +university to which the books were sent, the king-- + + "--right well discerning, + How much that loyal body wanted learning." + +The reply which this provoked, is an attack on the other university, the +innuendo being that the troops were sent there-- + + "Because that learned body wanted loyalty." + +I quote from memory. + +Can any of your readers, through the medium of your valuable paper, +favour me with the correct version of the epigrams, and with the +particular circumstances which gave rise to them? + +J. SWANN. + +Norwich. + +_Lammas Day_.--Why was the 1st of August called "Lammas Day?" Two +definitions are commonly given to the word "Lammas." 1. That it may mean +_Loaf-mass_. 2. That it may be a word having some allusion to St. Peter, +as the patron of _Lambs_. + +O'Halloran, however, in his _History of Ireland_, favours us with +another definition; upon the value of which I should be glad of the +opinion of some of your learned contributors. Speaking of Lughaidh, he +says:-- + + "From this prince the month of August was called Lughnas + (Lunas), from which the English adopted the name _Lammas_, for + the 1st day of August." + +J. SANSOM. + +_Mother Grey's Apples_.--At the time I was a little girl,--you will not, +I am sure, be ungallant enough to inquire when that was, when I tell you +I am now a woman,--I remember that the nursery maid, whose duty it was +to wait upon myself and sisters, invariably said, if she found us out of +temper--"So, so! young ladies, you are in the sulks, eh? Well, sulk +away; you'll be like 'Mother Grey's apples,' you'll be sure to come +round again." We often inquired, on the return of fine weather, who +Mother Grey was, and what were the peculiar circumstances of the apples +coming round?--questions, however, which were always evaded. Now, as the +servant was a Cambridge girl, and had a brother a _gyp_, or bedmaker, at +one of the colleges, besides her uncle keeping the tennis court there, I +have often thought there must have been some college legend or tradition +in Alma Mater, of Mother Grey and her apples. Will any of your learned +correspondents, should it happen to fall within their knowledge, take +pity on the natural curiosity of the sex, by furnishing its details? + +A.M. + +_Jewish Music_.--What was the precise character of the _Jewish music_, +both before and after David? And what variety of musical instruments had +the Jews? + +J. SANSOM + +_The Plant "Haemony_."--Can any of your readers furnish information of, +or reference to the plant _Haemony_, mentioned in Milton's _Comus_, l. +638.:-- + + "--a small unsightly root, + But of divine effect,... + The leaf was darkish, and had prickles on it, + But in another country, as he said, + _Bore a bright golden flower, but not in this soil:_ + --More medicinal is it than that Moly, + That Hermes once to wise Ulysses gave; + He called it _Haemony_, and gave it me, + And bade me keep it as of sov'reign use + 'Gainst all enchantments," &c. &c. + +The Moly that Hermes to Ulysses gave, is the wild garlick, [Greek: molu] +by some thought the wild rue. (_Odyss_. b. x. 1. 302.) It is the [Greek: +moluza] of Hippocrates, who recommends it to be eaten as an antidote +against drunkenness. But of _Haemony_ I have been unable to find any +reference among our ordinary medical authorities, Paulus Aeginata, +Celsus, Galen, or Dioscorides. A short note of reference would be very +instructive to many of the readers of Milton. + +J.M. BASHAM. + +17. Chester Street, Belgrave Square. + +_Ventriloquism_.--What evidence is there, that _ventriloquism_ was made +use of in the ancient oracles? Was the [Greek: pneuma puthonos] (Acts, +xvi. 16.) an example of the exercise of this art? Was the Witch of Endor +a ventriloquist? or what is meant by the word [Greek: eggastrimuthos] at +Isai. xix. 3., in the Septuagint? + +"Plutarch informs us," says Rollin (_Ancient History_, vol. i. p. 65.), +"that the god did not compose the verses of the oracle. He inflamed the +Pythia's imagination, and kindled in her soul that living light which +unveiled all futurity to her. The words she uttered in the heat of her +enthusiam, having neither method nor connection, and coming only by +starts, to use that expression [Greek: eggastrimuthos] from the bottom +of her stomach, or rather from her belly, were collected {89} with care +by the prophets, who gave them afterwards to the poets to be turned into +verse." + +If the Pythian priestess was really a ventriloquist, to what extent was +she conscious of the deception she practised? + +J. SANSOM. + +_Statue of French King, Epigram on_.--Can any of your readers inform me +who was the author of the following epigram, written on the occasion of +an equestrian statue of a French king attended by the Virtues being +erected in Paris:-- + + "O la belle statue! O le beau Piedestal! + Les Vertus sont à pied, le Vice est à cheval!" + +AUGUSTINE. + +_Lux Fiat_.--Who was the first Christian or Jewish writer by whom _lux +fiat_ was referred to the creation of the _angels_? + +J. SANSOM. + +_Hiring of Servants_.--At Maureuil, in the environs of Abbeville, a +practice has long existed of hiring servants in the market-place on +festival days. I have observed the same custom in various parts of +England, and particularly in the midland counties. Can any of your +correspondents inform me of the origin of this? + +W.J. + +Havre. + +_Book of Homilies_.--Burnet, in his _History of the Reformation in anno +1542_, says,-- + +"A Book of Homilies was printed, in which the Gospels and Epistles of +all the Sundays and Holidays of the year were set down with a _Homily to +every one of these_. To these were also added Sermons upon several +occasions, as for _Weddings_, _Christenings_, and _Funerals_." + +Can any learned clerk inform me where a copy of such Homilies can be +seen? + +B. + +_Collar of SS_.--Where can we find _much_ about the SS. collar? Is there +any list extant of persons who were honoured with that badge? + +B. + +_Rainbow_.--By what heathen poet is the _rainbow_ spoken of as "risus +plorantis Olympi?" + +J. SAMSON. + +_Passage in Lucan_.--What parallel passages are there to that of +_Lucan_:-- + + "Communis mundo superest rogus, ossibus astra + Misturus?" + +J. SAMSON. + +_William of Wykeham_.--Is there any better Life of William of Wykeham +than the very insufficient one of Bishop Lowth? + +What were the circumstances of the rise of William of Wykeham, +respecting which Lowth is so very scanty and unsatisfactory? + +Where did William of Wykeham get the wealth with which he built and +endowed New College, Oxon, and St. Mary's, Winchester; and rebuilt +Winchester Cathedral? + +What are the present incomes of New College, and St Mary's, Winchester? + +Is there a copy of the Statutes of these colleges in the British Museum, +or in any other public library? + +W.H.C. + +April 22, 1850. + +_Richard Baxter's Descendants_.--Can any of your correspondents inform +me of the whereabouts of the descendants of the celebrated Richard +Baxter? He was a Northamptonshire man, but I think his family removed +into some county in the west. + +W.H.B. + +_Passage in St. Peter_.--Besides the well-known passage in the +_Tempest_, what _Christian_ writers have used any kindred expression to +2 Pet. iii. 10.? + +J. SANSOM. + +8. Park Place, Oxford, June 1. 1850. + +_Juice-cups_.--Is it beneath the dignity of "NOTES AND QUERIES" to admit +an inquiry respecting the philosophy and real effect of placing an +inverted cup in a fruit pie? The question is not about the _object_, but +whether that object is, or can be, effected by the means employed. + +N.B. + +Derivation of "Yote" or "Yeot."--What is the derivation of the word +"yote" or "yeot," a term used in Glocestershire and Somersetshire, for +"leading in" iron work to stone? + +B. + +_Pedigree of Greene Family_.--At Vol. i., p. 200., reference is made to +"a fine Pedigree on vellum, of the Greene family, penes T. Wotton, Esq." + +Can any person inform me who now possesses the said pedigree, or is +there a copy of it which may be consulted? + +One John Greene, of Enfield, was clerk to the New River Company: he died +1705, and was buried at Enfield. He married Elizabeth Myddelton, +grand-daughter of Sir Hugh. I wish to find out the birth and parentage +of the said John Greene and shall be _thankful_, if I may say so much, +without adding too much to the length of my Query. + +H.T.E. + +_Family of Love_.--Referring to Dr. RIMBAULT'S communication on the +subject of this sect (Vol. ii., p. 49.), will you allow me to inquire +whether there is any evidence that its members deserved Fuller's severe +condemnation? Queen Elizabeth might consider them a "damnable sect," if +they were believed to hold heterodox opinions in religion and politics; +but were their lives or their writings immoral? + +N.B. + +_Sir Gammer Vans_.--Can any one give any account of a comic story about +one "_Sir Gammer Vans_," of whom, amongst other absurdities, it is said +"_that his aunt was a justice of peace, and his sister a captain of +horse_"? It is alluded to somewhere {90} in Swift's _Letters_ or +_Miscellanies_; and I was told by a person whose recollection, added to +my own, goes back near a hundred years, that it was supposed to be a +_political satire_, and may have been of Irish origin, as I think there +is some allusion to it in one of Goldsmith's plays or essays. + +C. + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES + +PUNISHMENT OF DEATH BY BURNING. + +Probably some of the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" will share in the +surprise expressed by E.S.S.W. (Vol. ii., p. 6.), yet many persons now +living must remember when spectacles such as he alludes to were by no +means uncommon. An examination of the newspapers and other periodicals +of the latter half of the eighteenth century would supply numerous +instances in which the punishment of strangling and burning was +inflicted; as well in cases of petit treason, for the murder of a +husband, as more frequently in cases of coining, which, as the law then +stood, was one species of high treason. I had collected a pretty long +list from the _Historical Chronicle_ in the earlier volumes of the +_Gentleman's Magazine_, but thought it scarcely of sufficient importance +to merit insertion in "NOTES AND QUERIES." Perhaps, however, the +following extracts may possess some interest: one as showing the manner +in which executions of this kind were latterly performed in London, and +the other as apparently furnishing an instance of later date than that +which Mr. Ross considers the last in which this barbarous punishment was +inflicted. The first occurs in the 56th vol. of the Magazine, Part 1. P. +524., under the date of the 21st June, 1786-- + + "This morning, the malefactors already mentioned were all + executed according to their sentence. About a quarter of an hour + after the platform had dropped, Phoebe Harris, the female + convict, was led by two officers to a stake about eleven feet + high, fixed in the ground, near the top of which was an inverted + curve made of irons, to which one end of a halter was tied. The + prisoner stood on a low stool, which, after the ordinary had + prayed with her a short time, was taken away, and she hung + suspended by the neck, her feet being scarcely more than twelve + or fourteen inches from the pavement. Soon after the signs of + life had ceased, two cartloads of faggots were placed round her + and set on fire; the flames soon burning the halter, she then + sunk a few inches, but was supported by an iron chain passed + over her chest and affixed to the stake." + +The crime for which this woman suffered was coining. Probably the method +of execution here related was adopted in consequence of the horrible +occurrence narrated by Mr. Ross. + +In vol. lix. of the same Magazine, Part 1. p. 272, under the date of the +_18th of March_, 1789, is an account of the executions of nine +malefactors at Newgate; and amongst them,-- + + "Christian Murphy, alias Bowman, for coining, was brought out + after the rest were turned off, and fixed to a stake, and burnt, + being first strangled by the stool being taken from under her." + +From the very slight difference in dates, I am inclined to think that +this is the same case with that alluded to by Mr. Ross. + +OLD BAILEY + +June 24, 1850. + + * * * * * + +TO GIVE A MAN HORNS. +(Vol. i. p. 383.) + +Your correspondent L.C. has started a most interesting inquiry, and your +readers must, I am sure, join with me in regretting that he should have +been so laconic in the third division of his Query; and have failed to +refer to, even if he did not quote, the passages from "late Greek," in +which "horns" are mentioned as a symbol of a husband's dishonor. The +earliest notice of this symbolical use of horns is, I believe, to be +found in the _Oneirocritica_ of Artemidorus, who lived during the reign +of Hadrian, A.D. 117-138: + +[Greek: "Pepi de ippon en to peri agonon logo proeiraeiai. Elege de tis +theasameno tini epi kriou kathaemenpo, kai pesonti ex autou ek ton +euprosthen, mnaesteuomeno de kai mellonti en autais tais haemerais tous +gamous epetelein, proeipein auto hoti hae gunae sou porneusei, kai kata +to legomenon, kerata soi poiaesei kai outos apethae, k.t.l."--Artem. +_Oneirocritica_, lib. ii, cap. 12.] + +See Menage, _Origines de la Langue Françoise_, Paris, 1650, in verb. +"Cornard." I have only seen Reiff's edition of Artemidorus, 8vo. Lipsiæ, +1805. His illustrations of the passage (far too numerous to be quoted) +seem to be curious, and likely to repay the reader for the trouble of +examination. His note commences with a reference to Olaus Borrichius, +_Antiqua Urb. Rom. facies_:-- + + "Alexander Magnus ....successores ejus..... in nummis omnes + cornuti quasi Jovii, honore utique manifesto, donee cornuum + decus in ludibria uxoriorum vertit somnorum interpres + Artimidorus." + +On which he observes,-- + + "Benè. Nam ante Artimidorium nullus, quod sciam, hujus scommatis + mentionem fecit. Quod enim Traug. Fred. Benedict. ad Ciceron. + _Epist. ad Div._ 7.24. ad voc. 'Cipius' conjecit, id paullo + audientus mihi videtur conjecisse." + +I have not succeeded in obtaining a sight of this edition of the +Epistles. And I should feel much obliged to any one who would quote the +"conjecture," and so enable your readers to gauge its "audacity" for +themselves. Is it not odd that Reiff should have made no remark on the +utter want of connection between the "honor manifestus," and the +"ludibria" of Olaus? or on the [Greek: kata to legomenon] of the author +that he was illustrating? {91} Artemidorus may certainly have been the +first who _recorded_ the _scomma_; but the words [Greek: kata to +legomenon] would almost justify us supposing that + + "--The horn + Was a crest ere he was born." + +Menage (referred to above) evidently lays some stress on the following +epigram, as an illustration of the question:-- + + [Greek: "Ostis eso purous katalambanei ouk agorazon, + Keinou Amaltheias hae gunae esti keras."] + +Parmenon. _Anthol._ lib. ii. + +But I confess that I am utterly unable to see its point and therefore +cannot, of course, trace its connection with the subject. Falstaff, it +is true, speaks of the "horn of abundance," but then he assigns it to +the husband, and makes the "lightness of the wife shine through it." +(_K. Henry IV._ Act i. Sc. 2., on which see Warburton's note.) + +C. FORBES. + +Temple, April 25. + +L.C. may find the following references of service to him in his inquiry +into the origin of this expression:--"Solanus ad Luc. D.M. 1. 2.; Jacobs +ad Lucill. Epigr. 9.; Belin. ad Lucian, t. iii. p. 326.; Huschk. _Anal._ +p. 168.; Lambec. ad Codin. § 126.; Nodell in _Diario Class._ t. x. p. +157.; Bayl. _Dict._ in Junone, not. E." Boissonade's note in his +_Anecdotae_, vol. iii. p. 140. + +J.E.B. MAYOR. + +Marlborough College. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES + +_Shipster_ (Vol. ii., p. 30.).--If C. B. will consult Dr. Latham's +_English Language_, 2nd ed., he will find that the termination _ster_ is +not merely a _notion_ of Tyrwhitt's, but a fact. Sempstress has a +_double_ feminine termination. _Spinster_ is the only word in the +present English which retains the old feminine meaning of the +termination _ster_. + +E.S. JACKSON. + + +_Three Dukes_ (Vol. ii., p. 9.).--I should like a more satisfactory +answer to this Query than that I given by C. (Vol. ii., p. 46.). I can +give the I names of _two_ of the Dukes (viz. Monmouth and Albermarle); +but who was the _third_, and where can a _detailed account_ of the +transaction be found? In Wades' _British History chronologically +arranged_, 3rd edit. p. 230, is the following paragraph under the date +of Feb. 28, 1671 (that is, 1670-1):-- + + "The Duke of Monmouth, who had contrived the outrage on + Coventry, in a drunken frolic with the young Duke of Albemarle + and others, deliberately kills a ward-beadle. Charles, to save + his son, pardoned all the murderers." + +The date given in the _State Poems_ is Sunday +morning, Feb. 26th, 1670-71. Mr. Lister, in his +_Life of Edward, Earl of Clarendon_ (vol. ii. p. 492.), +alludes to the affair:-- + + "The King's illegitimate son Monmouth, in company with the young + Duke of Albemarle and others, kills a watchman, who begs for + mercy, and the King pardons all the murderers." + +C.H. Cooper + +Cambridge, June 24, 1850. + + +_Bishops and their Precedence_ (Vol. ii., p. 9.).--I believe bishops +have their precedence because they are both _temporal_ and _spiritual_ +barons. Some I years ago, I took the following note from the +_Gentleman's Mag_. for a year between 1790 and 1800; I cannot say +positively what year (for I was very young at the time, and +unfortunately omitted to "note" it):-- + + "Every Bishop has a temporal barony annexed to his see. The + Bishop of Durham is Earl of Sudbury and Baron Evenwood; and the + Bishop of Norwich is Baron of Northwalsham." + +Query, where may the accounts of the respective baronies of the +bishoprics be found? + +HENRY KERSLEY. + + +_Why Moses represented with Horns_.--Your correspondent H.W. (Vol. i, p. +420.) refers the origin of what he calls the strange practice of making +Moses appear horned to a mistranslation in the Vulgate. I send you an +extract from Coleridge which suggests something more profound the such +an accidental cause; and explains the statement of Rosenmüller (p. +419.), that the Jews attributed horns to Moses "figuratively for +power:"-- + + "When I was at Rome, among many other visits to the tomb of + Julius II, I went thither once with a Prussian artist, a man of + great genius and vivacity of feeling. As we were gazing on + Michael Angelo's Moses, our conversation turned on the horns and + beard of that stupendous statue of the necessity of each to + support the other; of the superhuman effect of the former, and + the necessity if the existence of both to give a harmony and + _integrity_ both to the image and the feeling excited by it. + Conceive them removed, and the statue would become _un_natural + without being _super_natural. We called to mind the horns of the + rising sun, and I repeated the noble passage from Taylor's _Holy + Dying_. That horns were the emblem of power and sovereignty + among the Eastern nations; and are still retained as such in + Abyssinia; the Achelous of the ancient Greeks; and the probable + ideas and feelings that originally suggested the mixture of the + human and the brute form in the figure, by which they realised + the idea of their mysterious Pan, as representing intelligence + blended with a darker power, deeper, mightier, and more + universal than the conscious intellect of man; than + intelligence--all these thoughts passed in procession before our + minds."--Coleridge's _Biographia Literaria_, vol. ii. p. 127. + edit. 1817. {92} + +[The noble passage from Taylor's _Holy Dying_, which Coleridge +recreated, is subjoined.] + + "As when the sun approaches towards the gates of the morning, he + first opens a little eye of heaven, and sends away the spirits + of darkness, and gives light to a cock, and calls up the lark to + matins, and by and bye gilds the fringes of a cloud, and peeps + over the eastern hills, thrusting out his golden horns like + those which decked the brows of Moses, when he was forced to + wear a veil, because himself had seen the face of God; and + still, while a man tells the story, the sun gets up higher, till + he shows a fair face and a full light, and then he shines one + whole day, under a cloud often, and sometimes weeping great and + little showers, and sets quickly; so is a man's reason and his + life." + +--Jeremy Taylor's _Holy Dying_. + +C.K. + + +_Leicester and the reputed Poisoners of his Time_ (Vol. ii., p. +9.).--"The lady who had lost her hair and her nails," an account of whom +is requested by your correspondent H.C., was Lady Douglas, daughter of +William Lord Howard of Effingham, and widow of John Lord Sheffield. +Leicester was married to her after the death of his first wife Anne, +daughter and heir of Sir John Robsart, and had by her a son, the +celebrated Sir Robert Dudley, whose legitimacy, owing to his father's +disowning the marriage with Lady Sheffield, in order to wed Lady Essex, +was afterwards the subject of so much contention. On the publication of +this latter marriage, Lady Douglas, in order, it is said, to secure +herself from any future practices, had, from a dread of being made away +with by Leicester, united herself to Sir Edward Stafford, then +ambassador in France. Full particulars of this double marriage will be +found in Dugdale's _Antiquities of Warwickshire_. + +The extract from D'Israeli's _Amenities of Literature_ relates to +charges against Leicester, which will be found at large in _Leicester's +Commonwealth_, written by Parsons the Jesuit,--a work, however, which +must be received with great caution, from the author's well-known enmity +to the Earl of Leicester, and his hatred to the Puritans, who were +protected by that nobleman's powerful influence. + +W.J. + +Havre. + + +_New Edition of Milton_ (Vol. ii., p. 21.).--The Rev. J. Mitford, as I +have understood, is employed upon a new edition of Milton's works, both +prose and verse, to be published by Mr. Pickering. I may mention, by the +way, that the sentence from Strada, "Cupido gloriae, quae etiam +sapientibus novissima exuitur," which is quoted by Mr. Mitford on +Lycidas, Aldine edition, v. 71. ("Fame, that last infirmity of noble +minds"), is borrowed from Tacitus _Hist_. iv. 6. Compare _Athenæus_, xi. +15. § 116. p. 507. d., where Plato is represented as saying:-- + + "[Greek: Eschaton ton taes doxaes chitona en to thanato auto + apoduometha.]" + +Will you allow me to add, that the quotation from Seneca in Vol. i., p. +427. Of "NOTES AND QUERIES" is from the _Nat. Quaest. Proef_. + +J.E.B. MAYOR. + +Marlborough College, June 8. + + +_Christian Captives_ (Vol. i., p. 441.).--There is an unfortunate hiatus +in the accounts of this parish from 1642 to 1679, which prevents my +stating positively the amount of the collection here made; but in 1670, +Jan 1., there occurs the following:-- + + "Item. To Mr. Day for Copying ouer the fower parts that was + gathered in the parish for the Reliefe of Slaues in Algiears - - + - - 0 2 0" + +Mr. Day was curate of Ecclesfield at that time; and in another part of +the book there is, in his handwriting, a subscription list, which, +though only headed "Colected by hous Row for the ..." is more than +probably the copy referred to. From it the totals collected appear to +have been,-- + + _s_. _d_. +Ecclesfield 6 7-1/2 +Greno Firth 13 6 +Southey Soke 10 7 +Wadsley 4 6 + £1 15 2-1/2 + +The above are the four byerlaws, or divisions of the parish, and the +four churchwardens used separately to collect in their respective +byerlaws; and then a fair copy of the whole was made out by the curate +or schoolmaster. An ordinary collection in church, upon a brief, +averaged 7_s_. 6_d_. at this period. + +J. EASTWOOD. + +Ecclesfield. + + +_Borrowed Thoughts_ (Vol. i., p. 482.).--The number of "NOTES AND +QUERIES" here alluded to has unluckily not reached me; but in Vol. ii., +p. 30., I observe that your correspondent C., in correcting one error, +has inadvertently committed another. Monsieur de la Palisse is the hero +alluded to in the popular song which was written at the commencement of +the eighteenth century by Bernard de la Monnoye, upon the old ballad, +composed after the battle of Pavia, and commencing,-- + + "Hélas! La Palice est mort, + Il est mort devant Pavie; + Hélas! s'il n'estait pas mort, + Il serait encore en vie!" + +W.J. + +Havre. + + +_North Sides of Churchyards_ (Vol. ii., p. 55.).--A portion of many +churchyards is said to have been left unconsecrated, though not to be +used as playground for the youth of the parish, but for the burial of +excommunicated persons. This was {93} not, however, always on the north +side of the church, as is evident from the following extract from the +Register of Hart, Durham:-- + + "Dec. 17. 1596, Ellen Thompson, Fornicatrix (and then + excommunicated), was buried of Þe people in Þe chaer at the + entrance unto Þe Þeate or stile of Þe churchyard, on the east + thereof." + +Nor is the north side of the church always the less favourite part for +burial. I could name many instances where this is the only part used. + +The churchyard now within two hundred yards of me contains about an acre +of ground; the larger portion of which lies to the south of the church, +but has been very little used for sepulture till of late years, though +the churchyard is very ancient. Even now the poor have an objection to +bury their friends there. I believe the prejudice is always in favour of +the part next the town or village; that on the other side of the church +being generally called "the backside." + +I find various notices of excommunicated persons being very strangely +buried, and in extraordinary places, but I have not as yet met with any +act or injunction on the subject. If any of your readers can supply such +a document, it would be extremely interesting and useful. + +W.H.K. + +D.B. + + +_Monastery, Arrangement of one_ (Vol. i., p. 452.),--A.P.H., who +requests any information respecting the extent, arrangement, and uses of +a monastic building, has doubtless consulted Fosbroke's _British +Monachism_. + +W.J. + +Havre. + + +_Churchyards, Epitaphs_ (Vol. ii., p. 56.).--I beg to submit the +following observations in answer to the Queries under this head. + +Fairs, and also markets, were held in churchyards until put a stop to in +1285 by an enactment in the 13 Edw. I. c. 6:-- + + "E communde le rey e defend qe feire ne marche ne seient tenuz + en cimeter pur honur de seint eglise." + +Previous to the passing of this act, the king had forbidden the keeping +of Northampton fair in the church or churchyard of All Saints in that +town; and Bishop Grostête, following the monarch's example, had sent +instructions through the whole diocese of Lincoln, prohibiting fairs to +be kept in such sacred places. (See Burn's _Eccl. Law_, tit. "Church," +ed. 1788.) Fairs and markets were usually held on Sunday, until the 27 +Hen. VI. c. 5. ordered the discontinuing of this custom, with trifling +exceptions. Appended to the fourth Report of the Lincolnshire +Architectural Society is a paper by Mr. Bloxan on "Churchyard +Monuments," from which it appears that in the churchyards of Cumberland +and Cornwall, and in those of Wales, are several crosses, considered to +be as early as, if not earlier than, the twelfth century: that in the +churchyards of the Isle of Man are other crosses of various dates, from +the eighth to the twelfth century and that in some of the churchyards in +Kent, of which those of Chartham, Godmersham, and Godneston are +specified, there are remaining some of the most simple headstone crosses +that can be imagined, most of which the writer apprehends to be of the +twelfth or thirteenth century, though he adds, "there is no sufficient +reason why they should not be of later date." Several other instances +between the periods particularised are also given. The Report is not +published, but perhaps a copy might be obtained from the printer, W. +Edwards, Corn Market, Louth. See further the _Archaeological Journal_, +passim, and Mr. Cutt's work on _Sepulchral Crosses and Slabs_. The +privilege of sanctuary was taken from churchyards, as well as from all +other places, in 1623, by the 21 Jac. I. c. 28., which provides, + + "That no sanctuary or privilege of sanctuary shall be hereafter + admitted or allowed in any case" (sec. 7.). + +ARUN. + + +_Umbrella_ (Vol. i., p. 415; vol. ii., p. 25.).--Seeing that the Query +respecting this useful article of domestic economy has been +satisfactorily answered, may I be allowed to mention that umbrellas are +described by the ancients as marks of distinction. Pausanias and +Hesychius report that at Alea, a city of Arcadia, a feast called Scieria +was celebrated in honour of Bacchus, in which the statue of the rosy god +was carried in procession, crowned with vine leaves, and placed upon an +ornamental litter, in which was seated a young girl carrying an +umbrella, to indelicate the majesty of the god. On several bas-reliefs +from Persepolis, the king is represented under an umbrella, which a +female holds over his head. + +W.J. + +Havre. + + +_English Translations of Erasmus' "Encomium Moriae"_ (Vol. i., p. +385.).--Perhaps JARLZBERG, who seems interested in the various +translations of this admirable work, might like to know of a French +translation, with designs from Holbein, which I purchased some weeks ago +at a sale in a provincial French town. It is entitled _L'Eloge de la +Folie, composé en forme de Déclaration par Erasme, et traduit par Mr. +Guendeville, avec les Notes de Gerard Listre, et les belles Figures de +Holbein; le tout sur l'Oiginal de l'Academie de Bâle_. Amsterdam, chez +François l'Honore. 1735. + +W.J. + +Havre. + + +_Lady Slingsby_ (Vol. ii., p. 71.).--She was a professional actress, who +played under the name of _Mrs_. (probably _Miss_) _Mary Lee_, from about +1672 to 1680, after which date she is called _Lady_ {94} _Slingsby_, and +she played under this title for about five years, when she seems to have +quitted the stage. She survived her husband, for "Dame Mary Slingsby, +_widow_, of St. James's parish, was buried at Pancras, 1st of March, +1694." + +C. + + +_Meaning of "Bawn"_ (Vol. i., p. 60.).--The poet Campbell uses the word +_bawn_ as follows:-- + + "And fast and far, before the star + Of day-spring, rush'd we through the glade, + And saw at dawn the lofty _bawn_ + Of Castle-Connor fade." + +_O'Connor's Child_. + +ROBERT SNOW. + + +_Chantrey's Sleeping Children_ (Vol. ii., p. 70.)--Your correspondent +PLECTRUM is anxious to know on what grounds I attribute to Stothard any +part of the design of the monument in Lichfield Cathedral known as +Chantrey's "Sleeping Children?" I will endeavour to satisfy him. + +The design, suggested, as it were, by the very nature of the commission, +was communicated by Chantrey to Stothard with a request that he would +make for him two or three sketches of sleeping children, at his usual +price. What Stothard did, I have heard my father say, was very like the +monument as it now stands. The sketch from which Chantrey wrought was +given to me by my father a few months before his death, and is now +suspended on the wall of the room in which I write. + +It is a pencil-sketch, shaded with Indian ink, and is very Stothard-like +and beautiful. It wants, however, a certain sculptural grace, which +Chantrey gave with a master feeling; and it wants the snow-drops in the +hand of the younger sister,--a touch of poetic beauty suggested by my +father. + +The carver of the group (the person who copied it in marble) was the +late Mr. F.A. Legé, to whom the merit of the whole monument has been +foolishly ascribed. + +I should be sorry to impress the world with the belief that I mean in +any way to detract from the merit of Chantrey in making this statement. +I have divulged no secret. I have only endeavoured to explain what till +now has been too often misunderstood. + +PETER CUNNINGHAM. + +The following statement may perhaps give to PLECTRUM the information he +requires. + +Dining one day alone with Chantrey, in Jan. 1833, our conversation +accidentally turned upon some of his monuments, and amongst other things +he told me the circumstances connected with the monument at Lichfield to +the two children of Mrs. Robinson. As I was leaving Chantrey, I asked +him if I might write down what he had told me; his reply was, +"Certainly; indeed I rather wish you would." Before I went to bed I +wrote down what I now send you; I afterwards showed it to Chantrey, who +acknowledged it to be correct. It was hastily written, but I send it as +I wrote it at the time, without alteration. + +Nicholson, the drawing master, taught Mrs. Robinson and her two +children. Not long after the death of Mr. Robinson, the eldest child was +burnt to death; and a very short time afterwards the other child +sickened and died. Nicholson called on Chantrey and desired him to take +a cast of the child's face, as the mother wished to have some monument +of it. Chantrey immediately repaired to the house, made his cast, and +had a most affecting interview with the unhappy mother. She was desirous +of having a monument to be placed in Lichfield Cathedral, and wished to +know whether the cast just taken would enable Chantrey to make a +tolerable resemblance of her lost treasure. After reminding her how +uncertain all works of art were in that respect, he assured her he hoped +to be able to accomplish her wishes. She then conversed with him upon +the subject of the monument, of her distressed feelings at the +accumulated losses of her husband and her two children, in so short a +space of time; expatiated upon their characters, and her great +affection; and dwelt much upon her feelings when, before she retired to +bed, she had usually contemplated them when she hung over them locked in +each other's arms asleep. While she dwelt upon these recollections, it +occurred to Chantrey that the representation of this scene would be the +most appropriate monument; and as soon as he arrived at home he made a +small model of the two children, nearly as they were afterwards +executed, and as they were universally admired. As Mrs. Robinson wished +to see a drawing of the design, Chantrey called upon Stothard, and +employed him to make the requisite drawing from the small model: this +was done; and from this circumstance originated the story, from those +envious of Chantrey's rising fame, that he was indebted to Stothard for +all the merit of the original design. + +EDW. HAWKINS + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANIES. + +_Separation of the Sexes in Time of Divine Service_.--I note with +pleasure that traces of this ancient usage still exist in parts of +Sussex. In Poling Church, and also in Arundel Church, the movable Seats +are marked with the letters M. and W. respectively, according as they +are assigned to the men or women. On the first Sunday in the year I +attended service in Arundel Church, and observed, with respect to the +benches which were placed in the middle of the nave for the use of the +poorer classes, that the women as they entered proceeded to those at the +eastern end, which were left vacant for them, whilst the men by +themselves {95} occupied those at the western end. The existence of a +distinction of this kind in regard to the open seats only, affords +strong proof, if proof were necessary, that it was the introduction of +appropriated pews which led to the disuse of else long established, and +once general, custom of the men occupying the south side of the nave, +and the women the north. + +B.H.B. + + +_Error in Winstanley's Loyal Martyrology_.--Winstanley, in _The Loyall +Martyrology_ (London, printed by Thomas Mabb, 1665), p. 67., says of +Master Gerard, the author of that elaborate herbal which bears his +name--"This gallant gentleman, renowned for arts and arms, was likewise +at the storming of that (Basing) House unfortunately slain." According +to Johnson, who edited his Herbal in 1633, Gerard was born at Namptwich, +in Cheshire, in the year 1545; and died about 1607. Basing House was +stormed Oct. 1645: had Gerard served there, he would have been 100 years +old. It appears that Winstanley has confounded Gerard with his editor +Thomas Johnson above mentioned, who was killed during the siege of +Basing House, anno 1644. (See Fuller's _Worthies_, vol. iii. p. 422. +edit. 1840. London.) + +E.N.W. + + +_Preaching in Nave only.--Prayers and Preaching distinct Services_--In +Ely Cathedral the old and proper custom of sermons being delivered in +the nave only is still maintained. And this observance has doubtless led +to the continuance of another, which is a sufficient answer to those who +object to the length of our service, as it shows that formerly in +practice, as still in principle, prayers and preaching were distinct +services. In the morning of Sunday there is no sermon in either of the +parish churches in Ely, but prayers only; and those of the respective +congregations who wish to hear a sermon remove to the cathedral, where +they are joined by the ecclesiastics and others who have "been to +choir". Consequently, any one may "go to sermon" (I use the language of +the place) without having been to prayers, or to prayers in one of the +parish churches, or the choir, without necessarily hearing the sermon. + +I think it would be very interesting, if your widely scattered +correspondents would from time to time communicate in your columns such +instances of any variation from the now usual mode of celebrating divine +service as may fall under their _personal_ observation. + +B.H.B. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, &c. + +It has been frequently, more frequently, perhaps than justly, objected +to the Shakspeare Society, that few of its publications bear directly +upon the illustration of the works of the great dramatist. That the +Council would gladly publish works more immediately in connection with +Shakspeare and his writings, if the materials for them could be found, +is proved by the fact of their having just published the _Remarks of +Karl Simrock on the Plots of Shakspeare's Plays_, which that gentleman, +whose name is honoured by all lovers of early German poetry and romance, +appended to the third volume of the _Quellen der Shakspeare_, a +collection of Novels, Tales, &c., illustrative of Shakspeare, which +Simrock collected and translated in conjunction with Echtermeyer and +Henschel, and which somewhat resembles Mr. Collier's _Shakspeare's +Library_. The translation of these remarks, made for the Society, was +placed in the hands of Mr. Halliwell, and forms, with the notes and +additions of that gentleman, a volume containing much new and curious +information upon a very interesting point in Shakspearian literature. + +Messrs. Sotheby and Co., of Wellington Street, will sell on Monday, July +8th, and six following days, a very Choice Cabinet of Coins and Medals, +the property of a Nobleman; and on Monday, July 15th, and five following +days, an extensive Assemblage of Historical, Theological, and +Miscellaneous Books. + +Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, of 191. Piccadilly, announce a Sale of +Splendid Engravings by British and Foreign Artists on Monday next. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--William Nield's (46. +Burlington Arcade) Catalogue No. 3. of Very Cheap Books; Edward Stibbs' +(331. Strand) Select Catalogue of a Collection of Books just purchased +from a celebrated literary character. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +(In continuation of Lists in former Nos.) + +DRAYTON'S POLYOLBION. (A perfect copy of any edition.) + +PULEYN'S ETYMOLOGICAL COMPENDIUM. + +Odd volumes. + +INGLIS'S IRELAND. Vol. II. + +Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES", 186. Fleet street. + + * * * * * + +Notices to Correspondents + +VOLUME THE FIRST, _Complete with Index, may now be had, price 9_s_. +6_d_., bound in cloth_. THE INDEX, _published last week, is, we trust, +sufficiently full to satisfy to the utmost the wishes of our +Subscribers. We feel that, if called upon at any time to establish the +utility of_ NOTES AND QUERIES, _we may confidently point to the Index as +a proof that the Literary Inquirer, be his particular branch of Study +what it may, will not search in vain in our pages for valuable Notes and +Illustrations of it. + +Answers to several correspondents in our next_. + +Errata. No. 34. p. 60., for "D_o_lort" read "D_e_lort," and for +"Triar_mum_" , read "Triar_num_". No. 35. p. 75. in the article on +"Carucate of Land" for "acre", read "acras", and for "B_oe_julia", read +"B_a_julia". The articles "God Save the Queen," p. 71., and "Royal and +Distinguished Interments", p. 79., should have been subscripted "F.K." +instead of "J.H.M." {96} + + * * * * * + +THE EDINBURGH REVIEW, +No. CLXXXV., will be Published on WEDNESDAY next, +July 10th. + +CONTENTS: + +1. QUETELET ON PROBABILITIES. + +2. MERIVALE'S HISTORY OF ROME UNDER THE +EMPIRE. + +3. CHURCH AND STATE EDUCATION + +4. MÉRIMÉE'S HISTORY OF PEDRO THE CRUEL. + +5. BLACKIE'S AESCHYLUS. + +6. GOETHE'S FESTIVAL. + +7. GUIZOT ON THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION. + +8. THE AFRICAN SQUADRON. + +9. THE GORHAM CONTROVERSY. + +London: LONGMAN AND CO. Edinburgh: A. AND C. BLACK. + + * * * * * + +Now ready, Octavo Edition. plain, 15_s_.; Quarto Edition, having the +Plates of the Tesselated Pavements all coloured, 1_l_. 5_s_. + +Remains of Roman art, in Cirencester, the Site of Ancient Corinium: +containing Plates by De la Motte, of the magnificient Tesselated +Pavements discovered in August and September, 1849, with copies of the +grand Heads of Ceres, Flora, and Pamona; reduced by the Talootype from +facsimile tracings of the original; together with various other plates +and numerous wood engravings. + +In the Quarto edition the folding of the plates necessary for the +smaller volume is avoided. + +London: GEORGE BELL. Cirencester: Bailey and Jones. Norwich: C. Muskett. +Plymouth: R. Lidstone. Reading: George Lovejoy. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, + +A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS + +IN VARIOUS LANGUAGES, + +Among which will be found many of the Works of the FATHERS, +ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, LITURGICAL Works, COUNCILS, THEOLOGY and CANON +LAW and a Selection of many very rare Spanish Books: + +Offered for Sale at the prices affixed (for Cash) + +BY CHARLES DOLMAN, 61. NEW BOND STREET. + +***Among other important Works are the following:-- + +123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789072 + £ s. d. +ALBERTI MAGNI Opera Omnia, Studio et Labore P. +Jammy, 21 vols. folio, vellum, only 12 12 0 +AMROSII Opera, Ed. 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By EDWARD FOSS, +F.S.A. + +"A work in which a subject of great historical importance is treated +with the care, diligence, and learning it deserves; in which Mr. Foss +has brought to light many points previously unknown, corrected many +errors, and shown such ample knowledge of his subject as to conduct it +successfully through all the intricacies of a difficult investigation, +and such taste and judgement as will enable him to quit, when occasion +requires, the dry details of a professional inquiry, and to impart to +his work, as he proceeds, the grace and dignity of a philosophical +history."--_Gent. Mag._ + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN and LONGMAN. + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, In the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, July 6, 1850. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 36. Saturday, +July 6, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13361 *** diff --git a/13361-h/13361-h.htm b/13361-h/13361-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dbd2897 --- /dev/null +++ b/13361-h/13361-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,2099 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta name="generator" content= +"HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st March 2004), see www.w3.org" /> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content= +"text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> +<title>Notes And Queries, Issue 36.</title> + +<style type="text/css"> + /*<![CDATA[*/ + <!-- + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + pre {font-size: 0.7em;} + + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.adverts {width: 100%; height: 5px; color: black;} + html>body hr.adverts {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.short {text-align: center; width: 20%;} + html>body hr.short {margin-right: 40%; margin-left: 40%; width: 20%;} + + + .note, .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; + font-size: 0.9em;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; + text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem p {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem p.i2 {margin-left: 2em;} + .poem p.i4 {margin-left: 4em;} + .poem p.i6 {margin-left: 6em;} + .poem p.i8 {margin-left: 8em;} + .poem p.i10 {margin-left: 10em;} + .poem .caesura {vertical-align: -200%;} + + span.pagenum {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; + font-size: 8pt;} + + p.author {text-align: right;} + --> + /*]]>*/ +</style> +</head> +<body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13361 ***</div> + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page81" name="page81"></a>{81}</span> +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> +<hr class="full" /> +<table summary="masthead" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td align="left" width="25%"><b>No. 36.</b></td> +<td align="center" width="50%"><b>SATURDAY, JULY 6, 1850</b></td> +<td align="right" width="25%"><b>Price Threepence.<br /> +Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>CONTENTS</h2> +<table summary="^Contents" align="center"> +<tr> +<td align="left">NOTES:—</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Further Notes on Derivation of the Word "News", by +Samuel Hickson</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page81">81</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">More Borrowed Thoughts, by S. W. Singer</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page82">82</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Strangers in the House of Commons, by C. Ross</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page83">83</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Folk Lore:—High Spirits considered a Presage +of impending Calamity, by C Forbes</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page84">84</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">The Hydro-Incubator, by H. Kersley</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page84">84</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Etymology of the Word "Parliament"</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page85">85</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">"Incidis in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim," by +C. Forbes and T. H. Friswell</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page85">85</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">A Note of Admiration!</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page86">86</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">The Earl of Norwich and his Son George Lord +Goring, by CH. and Lord Braybooke</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page86">86</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">QUERIES:—</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">James Carkasse's Lucida Intervalla</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page87">87</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Queries:—Epigrams on the +Universities—Lammas'Day—Mother Grey's +Apples—Jewish Music—The Plant +"Haemony"—Ventriloquism—Epigram on Statue of French +King—Lux fiat-Hiring of Servants—Book of +Homilies—Collar of SS.—Rainbow—Passage in +Lucan—William of Wykeham—Richard Baxter's +Descendants—Passage in St. +Peter—Juicecups—Derivation of "Yote" or +"Yeot"—Pedigree of Greene Family—Family of +Love—Sir Gammer Vans</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page87">87</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">REPLIES:—</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Punishment of Death by Burning</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page90">90</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">To give a Man Horns, by C. Forbes and J.E.B. +Mayor</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page90">90</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Replies to Minor +Queries:—Shipster—Three Dukes—Bishops and their +Precedence—Why Moses represented with Horns—Leicester +and the reputed Poisoners of his Time—New Edition of +Milton—Christian Captives—Borrowed Thoughts—North +Sides of +Churchyards—Monastery—Churchyards—Epitaphs—Umbrellas—English +Translations of Erasmus—Chantrey's Sleeping Children, & +c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page91">91</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MISCELLANIES:—</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Separation of the Sexes in Time of Divine +Service—Error in Winstanley's Loyal +Martyrology—Preaching in Nave only</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page94">94</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MISCELLANEOUS:—</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, Sales, & +c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page95">95</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Books and Odd Volumes Wanted</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page95">95</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notices to Correspondents</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page95">95</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Advertisements</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page96">96</a></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>NOTES</h2> +<h3>FURTHER NOTES ON DERIVATION OF THE WORD "NEWS".</h3> +<p>Without being what the Germans would call a <i>purist</i>, I +cannot deem it an object of secondary importance to defend the +principles of the law and constitution of the English language. For +the adoption of words we have no rule; and we act just as our +convenience or necessity dictates: but in their formation we must +strictly conform to the laws we find established. Your +correspondents C.B. and A.E.B. (Vol. ii., p. 23.) seem to me +strangely to misconceive the real point at issue between us. To a +question by the latter, why I should attempt to derive "News" +indirectly from a German adjective, I answer, because in its +transformation into a German noun declined as an adjective, it +gives the form which I contend no English process will give. The +rule your correspondents deduce from this, neither of them, it +appears, can understand. As I am not certain that their deduction +is a correct one, I beg to express it in my own words as +follows:—There is no such process known to the English +language as the formation of a noun-singular out of an adjective by +the addition of "<i>s</i>": neither is there any process known by +which a noun-plural can be formed from an adjective, without the +previous formation of the singular in the same sense; except in +such cases as "the rich, the poor, the noble," &c., where the +singular form is used in a plural sense. C.B. instances "goods, the +shallows, blacks, for mourning, greens." To the first of these I +have already referred; "shallow" is unquestionably a noun-singular; +and to the remaining instances the following remarks will +apply.</p> +<p>As it should be understood that my argument applies solely to +the <i>English</i> language, I think I might fairly take exception +to a string of instances with which A.E.B. endeavours to refute me +from a vocabulary of a language very expressive, no doubt, yet +commonly called "slang". The words in question are not English: I +never use them myself, nor do I recognise the right or necessity +for any one else to do so; and I might, indeed, deem this a +sufficient answer. But the fact is that the language in some degree +is losing its instincts, and liberties are taken with it now that +it would not have allowed in its younger days. Have we not seen +participial adjectives made from nouns? I shall therefore waive my +objection, and answer by saying that there is no analogy between +the instances given and the case in point. They are, one and all, +elliptical expressions signifying "black clothes, green vegetables, +tight pantaloons, heavy dragoons, odd chances," &c. "Blacks" +and "whites" are not in point, the singular of either being quite +as admissible as the plural. The rule, if it be worth while to lay +down a rule for the formation of such vulgarisms, appears +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page82" id="page82"></a>{82}</span> +to be that characteristic adjective, in constant conjunction with a +noun in common use, may be used alone, the noun being understood. +Custom has limited in some measure the use of these abridged titles +to classes or collective bodies, and the adjective takes the same +form that the noun itself would have had; but, in point of fact, it +would be just as good English to say "a heavy" as "the heavies" and +they all become unintelligible when we lose sight of the noun to +which they belong. If A.E.B. should assert that a glass of "cold +without," <i>because</i>, by those accustomed to indulge in such +potations, it was understood to mean "brandy and <i>cold</i> water, +<i>without</i> sugar," was really a draught from some "well of +purest English undefil'd," the confusion of ideas could not be more +complete.</p> +<p>Indeed, I very much doubt whether our word "News" contains the +idea of "new" at all. It is used with us to mean intelligence and +the phrases, "Is there any thing new?" and "Is there any news?" +present, in my opinion, two totally distinct ideas to the English +mind in its ordinary mechanical action. "Intelligence" is not +necessarily "new", nor indeed is "News:" in the oldest dictionary I +possess, Baret's <i>Alvearie</i>, 1573, I find "Olde newes or stale +newes." A.E.B. is very positive that "news" is plural, and he cites +the "Cardinal of York" to prove it. All that I can say is, that I +think the Cardinal of York was wrong: and A.E.B. thought so too, +when his object was not to confound me, as may be seen by his own +practice in bloc concluding paragraph of his +communication:—"The <i>newes</i> WAS of the victory," &c. +The word "means," on the other hand, is beyond all dispute plural. +What says Shakspeare?</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Yet nature is made letter by no mean</p> +<p>But nature makes that mean."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The plural was formed by the addition of "<i>s</i>:" yet from +the infrequent use of the word except in the plural, the singular +form has become obsolete, and the same form applies now to both +numbers. Those who would apply this reasoning to "News," forget +that there is the slight difficulty of the absence of the +<i>noun</i> "new" to start from.</p> +<p>I do not feel bound to furnish proof of so obvious a fact, that +many of the most striking similarities in language are mere +coincidences. Words derived from the same root, and retaining the +same meaning, frequently present the most dissimilar appearance, as +"evêque" and "bishop;" and the most distant roots frequently +meet in the same word. When your correspondents, therefore, remind +me that there is a French word, <i>noise</i>, I must remind them +that it contains not one element of our English word. Richardson +gives the French word, but evidently discards it, preferring the +immediate derivation from "<i>noy</i>, that which noies or annoys." +I confess I do not understand his argument; but it was referring to +this that I said that our only known process would make a plural +noun of it. I have an impression that I have met with "annoys" used +by poetical license for "annoyances."</p> +<p>"Noise" has never been used in the sense of the French word in +this country. If derived immediately from the French, it is hardly +probable that it should so entirely have lost every particle of its +original meaning. With us it is either <i>a loud sound</i>, or +<i>fame, report, rumour</i>, being in this sense rendered in the +Latin by the same two words, <i>fama, rumor</i>, as News. The +former sense is strictly consequential to the latter, which I +believe to be the original signification, as shown in its use in +the following passages:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"At the same time it was noised abroad in the realme"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p><i>Holinshed</i>.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Cleopatra, catching but the least noise of this, dies</p> +<p>instantly.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p><i>Ant. and Cleo.</i>, Act i. Sc. 2.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Cre</i>. What was his cause of anger?</p> +<p><i>Ser</i>. The noise goes, this.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p><i>Troil. and Cres.</i>, Act. i. Sc. 2.</p> +<p>Whether I or your correspondents be right, will remain perhaps +for ever doubtful; but the flight that can discover a relationship +between this word and another pronounced<a id="footnotetag1" name= +"footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> as nearly +the same as the two languages will admit of, and which gives at all +events one sense, if not, as I think, the primary one, is scarcely +so eccentric as that which finds the origin of a word signifying a +loud sound, and fame, or rumor, in "nisus"; not even +<i>struggle</i>, in the sense of <i>contention</i>, an endeavour an +effort, a strain.</p> +<p class="author">SAMUEL HICKSON.</p> +<p>St. John's Wood, June 15, 1850.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1" name= +"footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag1">(return)</a> +<p>I do not think it necessary, here, to defend my pronunciation of +German; the expressions I now use being sufficient for the purpose +of my argument. I passed over CH.'s observation on this subject, +because it did not appear to me to touch the question.</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<h3>MORE BORROWED THOUGHTS.</h3> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>O many are the poets that are sown</p> +<p>By nature men endowed with highest gifts,</p> +<p>The vision and the facility divine,</p> +<p>Yet wanting the accomplishment of verse,</p> +<p>Nor having e'er, as life advanced, been led</p> +<p>by circumstance to take the height,</p> +<p>The measure of themselves, &c.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">Wordsworth's <i>Excursion</i>, B. i.</p> +<p>This admired passage has its prototype in the following from the +<i>Lettere di Battista Guarini</i>, who points to a thought of +similar kind in Dante:—</p> +<p>"O quante nolili ingegni si perdono che riuscerebbe mirabili [in +poesia] se dal seguir le inchinazione loro non fossero, ò +dà loro appetiti ò da i Padri loro sviati."</p> +<p>Coleridge, in his <i>Bibliographia Literaria</i>, 1st ed., vol. +i. p. 28., relates a story of some one who desired <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page83" id="page83"></a>{83}</span> to be +introduced to him, but hesitated because he asserted that he had +written an epigram on "The Ancient Mariner," which Coleridge had +himself written and inserted in <i>The Morning Post</i>, to this +effect:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Your poem must eternal be</p> +<p>Dear Sir! it cannot fail;</p> +<p>For 'tis incomprehensible,</p> +<p>And without head or tail."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>This was, however, only a Gadshill robbery,—stealing +stolen goods. The following epigram is said to be by Mr. Hole, in a +MS. collection made by Spence (penes me), and it appeared first in +print in <i>Terræ Filius</i>, from whence Dr. Salter copied +it in his <i>Confusion worse Confounded</i>, p. 88:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Thy verses are eternal, O my friend!</p> +<p>For he who reads them, reads them to no end."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>In <i>The Crypt</i>, a periodical published by the late Rev. P. +Hall, vol. i. p. 30., I find the following attributed to Coleridge, +but I know not on what authority, as it does not appear among his +collected poems:—</p> +<p>JOB'S LUCK, BY S. T. COLERIDGE, ESQ.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2">"Sly Beelzebub took all occasions</p> +<p class="i2">To try Job's constancy and patience;</p> +<p class="i2">He took his honours, took his health,</p> +<p class="i2">He took his children, took his wealth,</p> +<p class="i2">His camels, horses, asses, cows,—</p> +<p>Still the sly devil did not take his spouse.</p> +<p class="i2">"But heav'n, that brings out good from evil,</p> +<p class="i2">And likes to disappoint the devil,</p> +<p class="i2">Had predetermined to restore</p> +<p class="i2">Two-fold of all Job had before,</p> +<p class="i2">His children, camels, asses, cows,—</p> +<p>Short-sighted devil, not to take his spouse."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>This is merely an amplified version of the 199th epigram of the +3d Book of Owen:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Divitias Jobo, sobolemque, ipsamque salutem</p> +<p class="i2">Abstulit (hoc Domino non prohibens) Satan.</p> +<p>Omnibus ablatis, miserò, tamen una superstes,</p> +<p class="i2">Quae magis afflictum redderet, uxor erat."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Of this there are several imitations in French, three of which +are given in the <i>Epigrammes Choisies d'Owen</i>, par M. de +Kerivalant, published by Labouisse at Lyons in 1819.</p> +<p class="author">S.W. SINGER.</p> +<p>Mickleham, 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>STRANGERS IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.</h3> +<h4>(Vol. ii., p. 17.)</h4> +<p>As far as my observation extends, <i>i.e.</i> the last +thirty-one years, no alteration has taken place in the practice of +the House of Commons with respect to the admission of strangers. In +1844 the House adopted the usual sessional order regarding +strangers, which I transcribe, inserting within brackets the only +material words added by Mr. Christie in 1845:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"That the Serjeant-at-Arms attending this house do, from time to +time, take into his custody any stranger or strangers that he shall +see or be informed of to be in the house or gallery [appropriated +to the members of this house, and also any stranger who, having +been admitted into any other part of the house or gallery, shall +misconduct himself, or shall not withdraw when strangers are +directed to withdraw] while the House or any committee of the whole +House is sitting, and that no person so taken into custody be +discharged out of custody without the special order of the +House.</p> +<p>"That no member of the House do presume to bring any stranger or +strangers into the house, or the gallery thereof, while the House +is sitting."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This order appears to have been framed at a time when there was +no separate gallery exclusively appropriated to strangers, and when +they were introduced by members into the gallery of what is called +the "body of the house." This state of things had passed away: and +for a long series of years strangers had been admitted to a gallery +in the House of Commons in the face of the sessional order, by +which your correspondent CH. imagines their presence was +"absolutely prohibited."</p> +<p>When I speak of strangers being admitted, it must not be +supposed that this was done by order of the House. No, every thing +relating to the admission of strangers to, and their accommodation +in the House of Commons, is effected by some mysterious agency for +which no one is directly responsible. Mr. Barry has built galleries +for strangers in the new house; but if the matter were made a +subject of inquiry, it probably would puzzle him to state under +what authority he has acted.</p> +<p>Mr. Christie wished to make the sessional order applicable to +existing circumstances; and, it may be, he desired to draw from the +House a direct sanction for the admission of strangers. In the +latter purpose, however, if he ever entertained it, he failed. The +wording of his amendment is obscure, but necessarily so. The word +"gallery," as employed by him, can only refer to the gallery +appropriated to members of the House; but he intended it to apply +to the strangers' gallery. The order should have run thus, +"admitted into any other part of the house, or into the gallery +appropriated to strangers;" but Mr. Christie well knew that the +House would not adopt those words, because they contain an +admission that strangers <i>are</i> present whilst the House is +sitting, whereas it is a parliamentary fiction that they are +<i>not</i>. If a member in debate should inadvertently allude to +the possibility of his observations being heard by a stranger, the +Speaker would immediately call him to order; yet at other times the +right honourable gentleman will listen complacently to discussions +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page84" id="page84"></a>{84}</span> +arising out of the complaints of members that strangers will not +publish to the world all that they hear pass in debate. This is one +of the consistencies resulting from the determination of the House +not expressly to recognise the presence of strangers; but, after +all, I am not aware that any practical inconvenience flows from it. +The non-reporting strangers occupy a gallery at the end of the +house immediately opposite the Speaker's chair; but the right hon. +gentleman, proving the truth of the saying, "None so blind as he +who will not see," never perceives them until just as a division is +about to take place, when he invariably orders them to withdraw. +When a member wishes to exclude strangers he addresses the Speaker, +saying, "I think, Sir, I see a stranger or strangers in the house," +whereupon the Speaker instantly directs strangers to withdraw. The +Speaker issues his order in these words:—"Strangers must +withdraw."</p> +<p class="author">C. Ross.</p> +<p class="note"><i>Strangers in the House of Commons</i>.—As +a rider to the notice of CH. in "NOTES AND QUERIES," it may be well +to quote for correction the following remarks in a clever article +in the last <i>Edinburgh Review</i>, on Mr. Lewis' <i>Authority in +Matters of Opinion</i>. The Reviewer says (p. 547.):—</p> +<p class="note">"<i>This practice</i> (viz., of publishing the +debates in the House of Commons) <i>which, &c., is not merely +unprotected by law—it is positively illegal</i>. Even the +presence of auditors is a violation of the standing orders of the +House."</p> +<p class="author">ED. S. JACKSON.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> +<p><i>High Spirits considered a Presage of impending Calamity or +Death</i>:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>1. "How oft when men are at the point of death</p> +<p>Have they been merry! which their keepers call</p> +<p>A lightning before death."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p><i>Romeo and Juliet</i>, Act v. Sc. 3.</p> +<p>2. "C'était le jour de Noel [1759]. Je m'étais +levé d'assez bonne heure, et avec une humeur plus gaie que +de coutume. Dans les idées de vieille femme, cela +présage toujours quelque chose do triste.... Pour cette fois +pourtunt le hasard justifia la croyance."—<i>Mémoires +de J. Casanova</i>, vol. iii p. 29.</p> +<p>3. "Upon Saturday last ... the Duke did rise up, in a +well-disposed humour, out of his bed, and cut a caper or two.... +Lieutenant Felton made a thrust with a common tenpenny knife, over +Fryer's arm at the Duke, which lighted so fatally, that he slit his +heart in two, leaving the knife sticking in the +body."—<i>Death of Duke of Buckingham</i>; Howell. <i>Fam. +Letters</i>, Aug. 5, 1628.</p> +<p>4. "On this fatal evening [Feb. 20, 1435], the revels of the +court were kept up to a late hour ... the prince himself appears to +have been in unusually gay and cheerful spirits. He even jested, if +we may believe the cotemporary manuscript, about a prophecy which +had declared that a king should that year be slain."—<i>Death +of King James I</i>.; Tytler, <i>Hist. Scotland</i>, vol. iii. p. +306.</p> +<p>5. "'I think,' said the old gardener to one of the maids, 'the +gauger's <i>fie</i>;' by which word the common people express those +violent spirits which they think a presage of death."—<i>Guy +Mannering</i>, chap. 9.</p> +<p>6. "H.W.L." said: "I believe the bodies of the four persons seen +by the jury, were those of G.B., W.B., J.B., and T.B. On Friday +night they were all very merry, and Mrs. B. said she feared +something would happen before they went to bed, because they were +so happy."—<i>Evidence given at inquest on bodies of four +persons killed by explosion of firework-manufactory in +Bermondsey</i>, Friday, Oct. 12, 1849. See <i>Times</i>, Oct. 17, +1849.</p> +<p>Nos. 1, 2, 5, 6, are evidently notices of the Belief; Nos. 3, 4, +are "what you will." Many of your correspondents may be able to +supply earlier and more curious illustrations.</p> +<p class="author">C. FORBES</p> +<p>June 19.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>THE HYDRO-INCUBATOR.</h3> +<p>Most, if not all, of your readers have heard of the +newly-invented machine for hatching and rearing in chickens, +without the maternal aid of the hen; probably many of them have +paid a visit (and a <i>shilling</i>) at No. 4. Leicester Square, +where the incubator is to be seen in full operation. The following +extract will, therefore, be acceptable, as it tends to show the +truth of the inspired writer's words, "There is no new thing under +the sun:"—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Therefore ... it were well we made our remarks in some +creatures, that might be continually in our power, to observe in +them the course of nature, every day and hour. Sir <i>John +Heydon</i>, the Lieutenant of his Majesties Ordnance (that generous +and knowing gentleman and consummate souldier, both in theory and +practice) was the first that instructed me how to do this, by means +of a furnace, so made as to imitate the warmth of a sitting hen. In +which you may lay several eggs to hatch and by breaking them at +several ages, you may distinctly observe every hourly mutation in +them, if you please. The first will be, that on one side you shall +find a great resplendent clearness in the white. After a while, a +little spot of red matter, like blood will appear in the midst of +that clearness, fast'ned to the yolk, which will have a motion of +opening and shutting, so as sometimes you will see it, and straight +again it will vanish from your sight, and indeed, at first it is so +little that you cannot see it, but by the motion of it; for at +every pulse, as it opens you may see it, and immediately again it +shuts, in such sort as it is not to be discerned. From this red +speck, after a while, there will stream out a number of little +(almost imperceptible) red veins. At the end of some of which, in +time, there will be gathered together a knot of matter, which by +little and little will take the form of a head and you will, ere +long, begin to discern eyes and a beak in it. All this while the +first red spot of blood grows bigger and solider, till at length it +becomes <span class="pagenum"><a name="page85" id= +"page85"></a>{85}</span> a fleshy substance, and, by its figure, +may easily be discern'd to be the heart; which as yet hath no other +inclosure but the substance of the egg. But by little and little, +the rest of the body of an animal is framed out of those red veins +which stream out all about from the heart. And in process of time, +that body encloses the heart within it by the chest, which grows +over on both sides, and in the end meets and closes itself fast +together. After which this little creature soon fills the shell, by +converting into several parts of itself all the substance of the +egg; and then growing weary of so strait a habitation, it breaks +prison and comes out a perfectly formed chicken."—Sir Kenelm +Digby's <i>Treatise of Bodies</i>, Ch. xxiv. p. 274. ed. 1669.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Could Sir Kenelm return to the scenes of this upper world, and +pay a visit to Mr. Cantelo's machine, his shade might say with +truthfulness, what Horace Smith's mummy answered to his +questioner,—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"—We men of yore</p> +<p>Were versed in all the knowledge you can mention."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The operations of the two machines appear to be precisely the +same: the only difference being the Sir Kenelm's was an +experimental one, made for the purpose of investigating the process +of nature; while Cantelo's, in accordance with "the spirit of the +iron time," is a practical one, made for the purposes of utility +and profit. Sir Kenelm's Treatise appears to have been first +published in the year 1644.</p> +<p class="author">HENRY KERSLEY.</p> +<p>Corpus Christi Hall, Maidstone.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD "PARLIAMENT."</h3> +<p>It has been observed by a learned annotator on the +<i>Commentaries of Blackstone</i>, that, "no inconsiderable pains +have been bestowed in analysing the word 'Parliament;'" and after +adducing several amusing instances of the attempts that have been +made (and those too by men of the most recondite learning) to +arrive at its true radical properties, he concludes his remarks by +observing that</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"'Parliament' imported originally nothing more than a council or +conference, and that the termination '<i>ment</i>,' in parliament, +has no more signification than it has in <i>impeachment</i>, +<i>engagement</i>, <i>imprisonment</i>, <i>hereditament</i>, and +ten thouand others of the same nature."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>He admits, however, that the civilians have, in deriving +testament from <i>testari mentem</i>, imparted a greater +significance to the termination "ment." Amidst such diversity of +opinion, I am emboldened to offer a solution of the word +"Parliament," which, from its novelty alone, if possessing no +better qualification, may perhaps recommend itself to the +consideration of your readers. In my humble judgment, all former +etymologists of the word appear to have stumbled <i>in limine</i>, +for I would suggest that its compounds are "<i>palam</i>" and +"<i>mens</i>."</p> +<p>With the Romans there existed a law that in certain cases the +verdict of the jury might be given CLAM VEL PALAM, viz., +<i>privily</i> or <i>openly</i>, or in other words, by +<i>tablet</i> or <i>ballot</i>, or by <i>voices</i>. Now as the +essence of a Parliament or council of the people was its +representative character, and as secrecy would be inconsistent with +such a character, it was doubtless a <i>sine quâ non</i> that +its proceedings should be conducted "<i>palam</i>," in an open +manner. The absence of the letter "<i>r</i>" may possibly be +objected to, but a moment's reflection will cast it into the shade, +the classical pronunciation of the word <i>palam</i> being the same +as if spelt <i>PARlam</i>; and the illiterate state of this country +when the word Parliament was first introduced would easily account +for a <i>phonetic</i> style of orthography. The words enumerated by +Blackstone's annotator are purely of English composition, and have +no <i>correspondent</i> in the dead languages; whilst +<i>testament</i>, <i>sacrament</i>, <i>parliament</i>, and many +others, are Latin words Anglicised by dropping the termination +"<i>um</i>"—a great distinction as regards the relative value +of words, which the learned annotator seems to have overlooked. +"<i>Mentum</i>" is doubtless the offspring of "<i>mens</i>", +signifying the mind, thought, deliberation, opinion; and as we find +"<i>palam populo</i>" to mean "<i>in the sight of the people</i>," +so, without any great stretch of imagination, may we interpret +"<i>palam mente</i>" into "<i>freedom of thought or of +deliberation</i>" or "<i>an open expression of opinion</i>:" the +essential qualities of a representative system, and which our +ancestors have been careful to hand down to posterity in a word, +viz., <i>Parliament</i>.</p> +<p class="author">FRANCISCUS.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>"INCIDIS IN SCYLLAM, CUPIENS VITARE CHARYBDIM."</h3> +<p>I should be sorry to see this fine old <i>proverb in +metaphor</i> passed over with no better notice than that which +seems to have been assigned to it in Boswell's <i>Johnson</i>.</p> +<p>Erasmophilos, a correspondent of the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> +in 1774, quotes a passage from Dr. Jortin's <i>Life of Erasmus</i>, +vol. ii. p. 151., which supplies the following particulars, +viz.:—</p> +<p>1. That the line was first discovered by Galeottus Martius of +Narni, A.D. 1476.</p> +<p>2. That it is in lib. v. 301. of the "Alexandreis," a poem in +<i>ten</i> books, by Philippe Gualtier (commonly called "de +Chatillon," though in reality a native of Lille, in Flanders).</p> +<p>3. That the context of the passage in which it occurs is as +follows:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i4">"— Quo tendis inertem</p> +<p>Rex periture, fugam? Nescis, heu perdite, nescis</p> +<p>Quem fugias: hostes incurris dum fugis hostem.</p> +<p>Incidis in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"></div> +</div> +<p>where the poet apostrophises Darius, who, while <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page86" id="page86"></a>{86}</span> flying from +Alexander, fell into the lands of Bessus. (See <i>Selections from +Gent. Mag</i>. vol. ii. p. 199. London, 1814.)</p> +<p class="author">C. FORBES.</p> +<p>This celebrated Latin verse, which has become proverbial, has a +very obscure authority, probably not known to many of your readers. +It is from Gualtier de Lille, as has been remarked by Galeottus +Martius and Paquier in their researches. This Gualtier flourished +in the thirteenth century. The verse is extracted from a poem in +ten books, called the "Alexandriad," and it is the 301st of the 5th +book; it relates to the fate of Darius, who, flying from Alexander, +fell into the hands of Bessus. It runs thus:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"— Quo flectis inertem</p> +<p>Rex periture, fugam? Nescis, heu perdite, nescis,</p> +<p>Quem fugias; hostes incurris dum fugis hostem;</p> +<p><i>Incidis in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim</i>"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>As honest JOHN BUNYAN, to his only bit of Latin which he quotes, +places a marginal note: "The Latin which I borrow,"—a very +honest way; so I I beg to say that I never saw this "Alexandriad," +and that the above is an excerpt from <i>Menagiana</i>, pub. 1715, +edited by Bertrand de la Monnoie, wherein may also be found much +curious reading and research.</p> +<p class="author">JAMES H. FRISWELL.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>A NOTE OF ADMIRATION!</h3> +<p>Sir Walter Scott, in a letter to Miss Johanna Baillie, dated +October 12, 1825, (Lockhart's <i>Life of Sir W. S.</i>, vol. vi. p. +82.), says,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"I well intended to have written from Ireland, but alas! as some +stern old divine says, 'Hell is paved with good intentions.' There +was such a whirl of laking, and boating, and wondering, and +shouting, and laughing, and carousing—" [He alludes to his +visiting among the Westmoreland and Cumberland lakes on his way +home, especially] "so much to be seen, and so little time to see +it; so much to be heard, and only two ears to listen to twenty +voices, that upon the whole I grew desperate, and gave up all +thoughts of doing what was right and proper on post-days, and so +all my epistolary good intentions are gone to Macadamise, I +suppose, 'the burning marle' of the infernal regions."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>How easily a showy absurdity is substituted for a serious truth, +and taken for granted to be the right sense. Without having been +there, I may venture to affirm that "Hell is <i>not</i> paved with +good intentions, such things being <i>all lost or dropt on the +way</i> by travellers who reach that bourne;" for, where "Hope +never comes," "good intentions" cannot exist any more than they can +be formed, since to fulfil them were impossible. The authentic and +emphatical figure in the saying is, "The <i>road</i> to hell is +paved with good intentions;" and it was uttered by the "stern old +divine," whoever he might be, as a warning <i>not</i> to let "good +intentions" miscarry for want of being realized at the time and +upon the spot. The moral, moreover, is manifestly this, that people +may be going to hell with "the best intentions in the world," +substituting all the while <i>well-meaning</i> for +<i>well-doing</i>.</p> +<p class="author">J.M.G</p> +<p>Hallamshire.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>THE EARL OF NORWICH AND HIS SON GEORGE LORD GORING.</h3> +<p>As in small matters accuracy is of vital consequence, let me +correct a mistake which I made, writing in a hurry, in my last +communication about the two Gorings (Vol. ii., p. 65.). The Earl of +Norwich was not under sentence of death, as is there stated, on +January 8, 1649. He was then a prisoner: he was not tried and +sentenced till March.<a id="footnotetag2" name= +"footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a></p> +<p>The following notice of the son's quarrels with his brother +cavaliers occurs in a letter printed in Carte's bulky appendix to +his bulky <i>Life of the Duke of Ormond</i>. As this is an unread +book, you may think it worth while to print the passage, which is +only confirmatory of Clarendon's account of the younger Goring's +proceedings in the West of England in 1645. The letter is from +Arthur Trevor to Ormond, and dated Launceston, August 18, 1645.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Mr. Goring's army is broken and all his men in disorder. He +hates the council here, and I find plainly there is no love lost; +they fear he will seize on the Prince, and he, that they will take +him: what will follow hereupon may be foretold, without the aid of +the wise woman on the bank. Sir John Colepeper was at Court lately +to remove him, to the discontent of many. In short, the war is at +an end in the West; each one looks for a ship, and nothing +more.</p> +<p>"Lord Digby and Mr. Goring are not friends; Prince Rupert yet +goes with Mr. Goring, but how long that will hold, I dare not +undertake, knowing both their constitutions."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>It will be observed that the writer of the letter, though a +cavalier, here calls him <i>Mr. Goring</i>, when as his father was +created Earl of Norwich in the previous year, he was <i>Lord +Goring</i> in cavalier acceptation.</p> +<p>He is indiscriminately called Mr. Goring and Lord Goring in +passages of letters by cavaliers relating to the campaign in the +West of 1645, which occur in Carte's <i>Collection of Letters</i> +(vol. i. pp. 59, 60. 81. 86.).</p> +<p>A number of letters about the son, Lord Goring's proceedings in +the West in 1645 are printed in the third volume of Mr. Lister's +<i>Life of Lord Clarendon</i>.</p> +<p>The Earl of Norwich's second son, Charles, who afterwards +succeeded as second earl, commanded a <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page87" id="page87"></a>{87}</span> brigade +under his brother in the West in 1645. (Bulstrode's <i>Memoirs</i>, +p. 142.; Carte's <i>Letters</i>, i. 116. 121.)</p> +<p>Some account of the father, Earl of Norwich's operations against +the parliament in Essex in 1648, is given in a curious +autobiography of Arthur Wilson, the author of the <i>History of +James I</i>., which is printed in Peck's <i>Desiderata Curiosa</i>, +book xi. part 5. Wilson was living at the time in Essex.</p> +<p>An interesting fragment of a letter from Goring the son to the +Earl of Dorset, written apparently as he was on the point of +retiring into France, and dated Pondesfred, January 26, 1646, is +printed in Mr. Eliot Warburton's <i>Memoirs of Prince Rupert</i>, +iii. 215.</p> +<p>Mr. Warburton, by the way, clearly confounds the father with the +son when he speaks of the Earl of Norwich's trial and reprieve +(iii. 408.). Three letters printed in Mr. W.'s second volume (pp. +172. 181, 182.), and signed "Goring", are probably letters of the +father's, but given by Mr. Warburton to the son.</p> +<p>I perceive also that Mr. Bell, the editor of the lately +published <i>Fairfax Correspondence</i>, has not avoided confusion +between the father and son. In the first volume of the +correspondence relating to the civil war (p. 281.), the editor +says, under date January, 1646,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Lord Hopton in the meanwhile has been appointed to the command +in Cornwall, superseding Goring. Also has been sent off on several +negociations to France."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Goring went off to France on his own account; his father was at +that time Charles I.'s ambassador at the court of France.</p> +<p>I should like to know the year in which a letter of Goring the +son's, printed by Mr. Bell in vol. i. p. 23., was written, if it +can be ascertained. As printed, it is dated "Berwick, June 22." Is +<i>Berwick</i> right? Is there a bath there? The letter is +addressed to Sir Constantine Huygens, and in it is this +passage—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"I have now my lameness so much renewed that I cannot come to +clear myself; as soon as the bath has restored me to my strength, I +shall employ it in his Highness's service, if he please to let me +return into the same place of his favour that I thought myself +happy in before."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I should expect that this letter was written from France after +Goring's abrupt retreat into that country. It is stated that the +letter comes from Mr. Bentley's collection.</p> +<p>The Earl of Norwich was in Flanders in November 1569, and +accompanied the Dukes of York and Gloucester from Brussels to +Breda. (Carte's <i>Letters</i>, ii. 282.)</p> +<p class="author">CH.</p> +<p>If the following account of the Goring family given by Banks +(<i>Dormant and Extinct Peerage</i>, vol. iii. p. 575.) is correct, +it will appear that the father and both his sons were styled at +different times. "Lord Goring," and that they may very easily be +distinguished.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"George Goring, of Hurstpierpont, Sussex, the son of George +Goring, and Anne his wife, sister to Edward Lord Denny, afterwards +Earl of Norwich, was created Baron Goring in the fourth of Charles +I., and in the xx<sup>th</sup> of the same reign advanced to the +earldom of Norwich, which had become extinct by the death of his +maternal uncle above-mentioned, S.P.M.</p> +<p>"He betrayed Portsmouth, of which he was governor, to the king, +and rendered him many other signal services. He married Mary, one +of the daughters of Edward Nevill, vi<sup>th</sup> Baron of +Abergavenny, and had issue four daughters, and two sons, the eldest +of whom, George, was an eminent commander for Charles I., and best +<i>known as 'General Goring</i>,' and who, after the loss of the +crown to his royal master, retired to the Continent, and served +with credit as lieutenant-general to the King of Spain. He married +Lettice, daughter of Richard Earl of Cork, and died abroad, S.P., +in <i>the lifetime of his father</i>, who survived till 1662, and +was succeeded by <i>his only remaining son</i>, Charles Lord +Goring, and second Earl of Norwich, with whom, as he left no issue +by his wife, daughter of —— Leman, and widow of Sir +Richard Beker, all his honours became extinct in 1672. He was +unquestionably the Lord Goring noticed by Pepys as returning to +England in 1660, and not the old peer his father, who, if described +by any title, would have been styled 'Earl of Norwich.'"</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">BRAYBROOKE.</p> +<p>July 1, 1850.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote2" name= +"footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag2">(return)</a> +<p>Let me also correct a misprint. Banks, the author of the +<i>Dormant and Extinct Perrage</i>, is misprinted Burke.</p> +</blockquote> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>QUERIES</h2> +<h3>JAMES CARKASSE'S LUCIDA INTERVALLA, AN ILLUSTRATION OF PEPYS' +DIARY.</h3> +<p>I met lately with a quarto volume of poems printed at London in +1679, entitled:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>Lucida Intevalla</i> containing divers miscellaneous Poems +written at Finsbury and Bethlem, by the Doctor's Patient +Extraordinary."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>On the title-page was written in an old hand the native of the +"patient extraordinary" and author <i>James Carkasse</i>, and that +of the "doctor" <i>Thomas Allen</i>. A little reading convinced me +that the writer was a very fit subject for a lunatic asylum; but at +page 5, I met with an allusion to the celebrated Mr. Pepys, which I +will beg to quote:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Get thee behind me then, dumb devil, begone,</p> +<p>The Lord hath eppthatha said to my tongue,</p> +<p>Him I must praise who open'd hath my lips,</p> +<p>Sent me from Navy, to the Ark, by Pepys;</p> +<p>By Mr. Pepys, who hath my rival been</p> +<p>For the Duke's<a id="footnotetag3" name= +"footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a> favour, +more than years thirteen;</p> +<p>But I excluded, he high and fortunate,</p> +<p>This Secretary I could never mate;</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page88" id="page88"></a>{88}</span> +<p>But Clerk of th' Acts, if I'm a parson, then</p> +<p>I shall prevail, the voice outdoes the pen;</p> +<p>Though in a gown, this challenge I may make,</p> +<p>And wager win, save if you can, your stake.</p> +<p>To th' Admiral I all submit, and vail—"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The book from which I extract is <i>cropped</i>, so that the +last line is illegible. Can the noble editor of Pepys' +<i>Diary</i>, or any of your readers, inform me who and what was +this Mr. James Carkasse?</p> +<p>W.B.R.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote3" name= +"footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag3">(return)</a> +<p>The Duke of York, afterwards James II.</p> +</blockquote> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>MINOR QUERIES.</h2> +<p><i>Epigrams on the Universities</i>.—There are two clever +epigrams on the circumstance, I believe, of Charles I. sending a +troop of horse to one of the universities, about the same time that +he presented some books to the other.</p> +<p>The sting of the first, if I recollect right, is directed +against the university to which the books were sent, the +king—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"—right well discerning,</p> +<p>How much that loyal body wanted learning."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The reply which this provoked, is an attack on the other +university, the innuendo being that the troops were sent +there—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Because that learned body wanted loyalty."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>I quote from memory.</p> +<p>Can any of your readers, through the medium of your valuable +paper, favour me with the correct version of the epigrams, and with +the particular circumstances which gave rise to them?</p> +<p class="author">J. SWANN.</p> +<p>Norwich.</p> +<p><i>Lammas Day</i>.—Why was the 1st of August called +"Lammas Day?" Two definitions are commonly given to the word +"Lammas." 1. That it may mean <i>Loaf-mass</i>. 2. That it may be a +word having some allusion to St. Peter, as the patron of +<i>Lambs</i>.</p> +<p>O'Halloran, however, in his <i>History of Ireland</i>, favours +us with another definition; upon the value of which I should be +glad of the opinion of some of your learned contributors. Speaking +of Lughaidh, he says:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"From this prince the month of August was called Lughnas +(Lunas), from which the English adopted the name <i>Lammas</i>, for +the 1st day of August."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">J. SANSOM.</p> +<p><i>Mother Grey's Apples</i>.—At the time I was a little +girl,—you will not, I am sure, be ungallant enough to inquire +when that was, when I tell you I am now a woman,—I remember +that the nursery maid, whose duty it was to wait upon myself and +sisters, invariably said, if she found us out of temper—"So, +so! young ladies, you are in the sulks, eh? Well, sulk away; you'll +be like 'Mother Grey's apples,' you'll be sure to come round +again." We often inquired, on the return of fine weather, who +Mother Grey was, and what were the peculiar circumstances of the +apples coming round?—questions, however, which were always +evaded. Now, as the servant was a Cambridge girl, and had a brother +a <i>gyp</i>, or bedmaker, at one of the colleges, besides her +uncle keeping the tennis court there, I have often thought there +must have been some college legend or tradition in Alma Mater, of +Mother Grey and her apples. Will any of your learned +correspondents, should it happen to fall within their knowledge, +take pity on the natural curiosity of the sex, by furnishing its +details?</p> +<p class="author">A.M.</p> +<p><i>Jewish Music</i>.—What was the precise character of the +<i>Jewish music</i>, both before and after David? And what variety +of musical instruments had the Jews?</p> +<p class="author">J. SANSOM</p> +<p><i>The Plant "Haemony</i>."—Can any of your readers +furnish information of, or reference to the plant <i>Haemony</i>, +mentioned in Milton's <i>Comus</i>, l. 638.:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"—a small unsightly root,</p> +<p>But of divine effect,...</p> +<p>The leaf was darkish, and had prickles on it,</p> +<p>But in another country, as he said,</p> +<p><i>Bore a bright golden flower, but not in this soil:</i></p> +<p>—More medicinal is it than that Moly,</p> +<p>That Hermes once to wise Ulysses gave;</p> +<p>He called it <i>Haemony</i>, and gave it me,</p> +<p>And bade me keep it as of sov'reign use</p> +<p>'Gainst all enchantments," &c. &c.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The Moly that Hermes to Ulysses gave, is the wild garlick, +[Greek: molu] by some thought the wild rue. (<i>Odyss</i>. b. x. 1. +302.) It is the [Greek: moluza] of Hippocrates, who recommends it +to be eaten as an antidote against drunkenness. But of +<i>Haemony</i> I have been unable to find any reference among our +ordinary medical authorities, Paulus Aeginata, Celsus, Galen, or +Dioscorides. A short note of reference would be very instructive to +many of the readers of Milton.</p> +<p class="author">J.M. BASHAM.</p> +<p>17. Chester Street, Belgrave Square.</p> +<p><i>Ventriloquism</i>.—What evidence is there, that +<i>ventriloquism</i> was made use of in the ancient oracles? Was +the [Greek: pneuma puthonos] (Acts, xvi. 16.) an example of the +exercise of this art? Was the Witch of Endor a ventriloquist? or +what is meant by the word [Greek: eggastrimuthos] at Isai. xix. 3., +in the Septuagint?</p> +<p>"Plutarch informs us," says Rollin (<i>Ancient History</i>, vol. +i. p. 65.), "that the god did not compose the verses of the oracle. +He inflamed the Pythia's imagination, and kindled in her soul that +living light which unveiled all futurity to her. The words she +uttered in the heat of her enthusiam, having neither method nor +connection, and coming only by starts, to use that expression +[Greek: eggastrimuthos] from the bottom of her stomach, or rather +from her belly, were collected <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page89" id="page89"></a>{89}</span> with care by the prophets, who +gave them afterwards to the poets to be turned into verse."</p> +<p>If the Pythian priestess was really a ventriloquist, to what +extent was she conscious of the deception she practised?</p> +<p class="author">J. SANSOM.</p> +<p><i>Statue of French King, Epigram on</i>.—Can any of your +readers inform me who was the author of the following epigram, +written on the occasion of an equestrian statue of a French king +attended by the Virtues being erected in Paris:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"O la belle statue! O le beau Piedestal!</p> +<p>Les Vertus sont à pied, le Vice est à cheval!"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">AUGUSTINE.</p> +<p><i>Lux Fiat</i>.—Who was the first Christian or Jewish +writer by whom <i>lux fiat</i> was referred to the creation of the +<i>angels</i>?</p> +<p class="author">J. SANSOM.</p> +<p><i>Hiring of Servants</i>.—At Maureuil, in the environs of +Abbeville, a practice has long existed of hiring servants in the +market-place on festival days. I have observed the same custom in +various parts of England, and particularly in the midland counties. +Can any of your correspondents inform me of the origin of this?</p> +<p class="author">W.J.</p> +<p>Havre.</p> +<p><i>Book of Homilies</i>.—Burnet, in his <i>History of the +Reformation in anno 1542</i>, says,—</p> +<p>"A Book of Homilies was printed, in which the Gospels and +Epistles of all the Sundays and Holidays of the year were set down +with a <i>Homily to every one of these</i>. To these were also +added Sermons upon several occasions, as for <i>Weddings</i>, +<i>Christenings</i>, and <i>Funerals</i>."</p> +<p>Can any learned clerk inform me where a copy of such Homilies +can be seen?</p> +<p class="author">B.</p> +<p><i>Collar of SS</i>.—Where can we find <i>much</i> about +the SS. collar? Is there any list extant of persons who were +honoured with that badge?</p> +<p class="author">B.</p> +<p><i>Rainbow</i>.—By what heathen poet is the <i>rainbow</i> +spoken of as "risus plorantis Olympi?"</p> +<p class="author">J. SAMSON.</p> +<p><i>Passage in Lucan</i>.—What parallel passages are there +to that of <i>Lucan</i>:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Communis mundo superest rogus, ossibus astra</p> +<p>Misturus?"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">J. SAMSON.</p> +<p><i>William of Wykeham</i>.—Is there any better Life of +William of Wykeham than the very insufficient one of Bishop +Lowth?</p> +<p>What were the circumstances of the rise of William of Wykeham, +respecting which Lowth is so very scanty and unsatisfactory?</p> +<p>Where did William of Wykeham get the wealth with which he built +and endowed New College, Oxon, and St. Mary's, Winchester; and +rebuilt Winchester Cathedral?</p> +<p>What are the present incomes of New College, and St Mary's, +Winchester?</p> +<p>Is there a copy of the Statutes of these colleges in the British +Museum, or in any other public library?</p> +<p class="author">W.H.C.</p> +<p>April 22, 1850.</p> +<p><i>Richard Baxter's Descendants</i>.—Can any of your +correspondents inform me of the whereabouts of the descendants of +the celebrated Richard Baxter? He was a Northamptonshire man, but I +think his family removed into some county in the west.</p> +<p class="author">W.H.B.</p> +<p><i>Passage in St. Peter</i>.—Besides the well-known +passage in the <i>Tempest</i>, what <i>Christian</i> writers have +used any kindred expression to 2 Pet. iii. 10.?</p> +<p class="author">J. SANSOM.</p> +<p>8. Park Place, Oxford, June 1. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Juice-cups</i>.—Is it beneath the dignity of "NOTES AND +QUERIES" to admit an inquiry respecting the philosophy and real +effect of placing an inverted cup in a fruit pie? The question is +not about the <i>object</i>, but whether that object is, or can be, +effected by the means employed.</p> +<p class="author">N.B.</p> +<p>Derivation of "Yote" or "Yeot."—What is the derivation of +the word "yote" or "yeot," a term used in Glocestershire and +Somersetshire, for "leading in" iron work to stone?</p> +<p class="author">B.</p> +<p><i>Pedigree of Greene Family</i>.—At Vol. i., p. 200., +reference is made to "a fine Pedigree on vellum, of the Greene +family, penes T. Wotton, Esq."</p> +<p>Can any person inform me who now possesses the said pedigree, or +is there a copy of it which may be consulted?</p> +<p>One John Greene, of Enfield, was clerk to the New River Company: +he died 1705, and was buried at Enfield. He married Elizabeth +Myddelton, grand-daughter of Sir Hugh. I wish to find out the birth +and parentage of the said John Greene and shall be <i>thankful</i>, +if I may say so much, without adding too much to the length of my +Query.</p> +<p class="author">H.T.E.</p> +<p><i>Family of Love</i>.—Referring to Dr. RIMBAULT'S +communication on the subject of this sect (Vol. ii., p. 49.), will +you allow me to inquire whether there is any evidence that its +members deserved Fuller's severe condemnation? Queen Elizabeth +might consider them a "damnable sect," if they were believed to +hold heterodox opinions in religion and politics; but were their +lives or their writings immoral?</p> +<p class="author">N.B.</p> +<p><i>Sir Gammer Vans</i>.—Can any one give any account of a +comic story about one "<i>Sir Gammer Vans</i>," of whom, amongst +other absurdities, it is said "<i>that his aunt was a justice of +peace, and his sister a captain of horse</i>"? It is alluded to +somewhere <span class="pagenum"><a name="page90" id= +"page90"></a>{90}</span> in Swift's <i>Letters</i> or +<i>Miscellanies</i>; and I was told by a person whose recollection, +added to my own, goes back near a hundred years, that it was +supposed to be a <i>political satire</i>, and may have been of +Irish origin, as I think there is some allusion to it in one of +Goldsmith's plays or essays.</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>REPLIES</h2> +<h3>PUNISHMENT OF DEATH BY BURNING.</h3> +<p>Probably some of the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" will share +in the surprise expressed by E.S.S.W. (Vol. ii., p. 6.), yet many +persons now living must remember when spectacles such as he alludes +to were by no means uncommon. An examination of the newspapers and +other periodicals of the latter half of the eighteenth century +would supply numerous instances in which the punishment of +strangling and burning was inflicted; as well in cases of petit +treason, for the murder of a husband, as more frequently in cases +of coining, which, as the law then stood, was one species of high +treason. I had collected a pretty long list from the <i>Historical +Chronicle</i> in the earlier volumes of the <i>Gentleman's +Magazine</i>, but thought it scarcely of sufficient importance to +merit insertion in "NOTES AND QUERIES." Perhaps, however, the +following extracts may possess some interest: one as showing the +manner in which executions of this kind were latterly performed in +London, and the other as apparently furnishing an instance of later +date than that which Mr. Ross considers the last in which this +barbarous punishment was inflicted. The first occurs in the 56th +vol. of the Magazine, Part 1. P. 524., under the date of the 21st +June, 1786—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"This morning, the malefactors already mentioned were all +executed according to their sentence. About a quarter of an hour +after the platform had dropped, Phoebe Harris, the female convict, +was led by two officers to a stake about eleven feet high, fixed in +the ground, near the top of which was an inverted curve made of +irons, to which one end of a halter was tied. The prisoner stood on +a low stool, which, after the ordinary had prayed with her a short +time, was taken away, and she hung suspended by the neck, her feet +being scarcely more than twelve or fourteen inches from the +pavement. Soon after the signs of life had ceased, two cartloads of +faggots were placed round her and set on fire; the flames soon +burning the halter, she then sunk a few inches, but was supported +by an iron chain passed over her chest and affixed to the +stake."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The crime for which this woman suffered was coining. Probably +the method of execution here related was adopted in consequence of +the horrible occurrence narrated by Mr. Ross.</p> +<p>In vol. lix. of the same Magazine, Part 1. p. 272, under the +date of the <i>18th of March</i>, 1789, is an account of the +executions of nine malefactors at Newgate; and amongst +them,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Christian Murphy, alias Bowman, for coining, was brought out +after the rest were turned off, and fixed to a stake, and burnt, +being first strangled by the stool being taken from under her."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>From the very slight difference in dates, I am inclined to think +that this is the same case with that alluded to by Mr. Ross.</p> +<p class="author">OLD BAILEY</p> +<p>June 24, 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>TO GIVE A MAN HORNS.</h3> +<h4>(Vol. i. p. 383.)</h4> +<p>Your correspondent L.C. has started a most interesting inquiry, +and your readers must, I am sure, join with me in regretting that +he should have been so laconic in the third division of his Query; +and have failed to refer to, even if he did not quote, the passages +from "late Greek," in which "horns" are mentioned as a symbol of a +husband's dishonor. The earliest notice of this symbolical use of +horns is, I believe, to be found in the <i>Oneirocritica</i> of +Artemidorus, who lived during the reign of Hadrian, A.D. +117-138:</p> +<p>[Greek: "Pepi de ippon en to peri agonon logo proeiraeiai. Elege +de tis theasameno tini epi kriou kathaemenpo, kai pesonti ex autou +ek ton euprosthen, mnaesteuomeno de kai mellonti en autais tais +haemerais tous gamous epetelein, proeipein auto hoti hae gunae sou +porneusei, kai kata to legomenon, kerata soi poiaesei kai outos +apethae, k.t.l."—Artem. <i>Oneirocritica</i>, lib. ii, cap. +12.]</p> +<p>See Menage, <i>Origines de la Langue Françoise</i>, +Paris, 1650, in verb. "Cornard." I have only seen Reiff's edition +of Artemidorus, 8vo. Lipsiæ, 1805. His illustrations of the +passage (far too numerous to be quoted) seem to be curious, and +likely to repay the reader for the trouble of examination. His note +commences with a reference to Olaus Borrichius, <i>Antiqua Urb. +Rom. facies</i>:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Alexander Magnus ....successores ejus..... in nummis omnes +cornuti quasi Jovii, honore utique manifesto, donee cornuum decus +in ludibria uxoriorum vertit somnorum interpres Artimidorus."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>On which he observes,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Benè. Nam ante Artimidorium nullus, quod sciam, hujus +scommatis mentionem fecit. Quod enim Traug. Fred. Benedict. ad +Ciceron. <i>Epist. ad Div.</i> 7.24. ad voc. 'Cipius' conjecit, id +paullo audientus mihi videtur conjecisse."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I have not succeeded in obtaining a sight of this edition of the +Epistles. And I should feel much obliged to any one who would quote +the "conjecture," and so enable your readers to gauge its +"audacity" for themselves. Is it not odd that Reiff should have +made no remark on the utter want of connection between the "honor +manifestus," and the "ludibria" of Olaus? or on the [Greek: kata to +legomenon] of the author that he was illustrating? <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page91" id="page91"></a>{91}</span> Artemidorus +may certainly have been the first who <i>recorded</i> the +<i>scomma</i>; but the words [Greek: kata to legomenon] would +almost justify us supposing that</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i8">"—The horn</p> +<p>Was a crest ere he was born."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Menage (referred to above) evidently lays some stress on the +following epigram, as an illustration of the question:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>[Greek: "Ostis eso purous katalambanei ouk agorazon,</p> +<p>Keinou Amaltheias hae gunae esti keras."]</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Parmenon. <i>Anthol.</i> lib. ii.</p> +<p>But I confess that I am utterly unable to see its point and +therefore cannot, of course, trace its connection with the subject. +Falstaff, it is true, speaks of the "horn of abundance," but then +he assigns it to the husband, and makes the "lightness of the wife +shine through it." (<i>K. Henry IV.</i> Act i. Sc. 2., on which see +Warburton's note.)</p> +<p class="author">C. FORBES.</p> +<p>Temple, April 25.</p> +<p>L.C. may find the following references of service to him in his +inquiry into the origin of this expression:—"Solanus ad Luc. +D.M. 1. 2.; Jacobs ad Lucill. Epigr. 9.; Belin. ad Lucian, t. iii. +p. 326.; Huschk. <i>Anal.</i> p. 168.; Lambec. ad Codin. § +126.; Nodell in <i>Diario Class.</i> t. x. p. 157.; Bayl. +<i>Dict.</i> in Junone, not. E." Boissonade's note in his +<i>Anecdotae</i>, vol. iii. p. 140.</p> +<p class="author">J.E.B. MAYOR.</p> +<p>Marlborough College.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>Replies to Minor Queries</h3> +<p><i>Shipster</i> (Vol. ii., p. 30.).—If C. B. will consult +Dr. Latham's <i>English Language</i>, 2nd ed., he will find that +the termination <i>ster</i> is not merely a <i>notion</i> of +Tyrwhitt's, but a fact. Sempstress has a <i>double</i> feminine +termination. <i>Spinster</i> is the only word in the present +English which retains the old feminine meaning of the termination +<i>ster</i>.</p> +<p class="author">E.S. JACKSON.</p> +<p><i>Three Dukes</i> (Vol. ii., p. 9.).—I should like a more +satisfactory answer to this Query than that I given by C. (Vol. +ii., p. 46.). I can give the I names of <i>two</i> of the Dukes +(viz. Monmouth and Albermarle); but who was the <i>third</i>, and +where can a <i>detailed account</i> of the transaction be found? In +Wades' <i>British History chronologically arranged</i>, 3rd edit. +p. 230, is the following paragraph under the date of Feb. 28, 1671 +(that is, 1670-1):—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The Duke of Monmouth, who had contrived the outrage on +Coventry, in a drunken frolic with the young Duke of Albemarle and +others, deliberately kills a ward-beadle. Charles, to save his son, +pardoned all the murderers."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The date given in the <i>State Poems</i> is Sunday morning, Feb. +26th, 1670-71. Mr. Lister, in his <i>Life of Edward, Earl of +Clarendon</i> (vol. ii. p. 492.), alludes to the affair:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The King's illegitimate son Monmouth, in company with the young +Duke of Albemarle and others, kills a watchman, who begs for mercy, +and the King pardons all the murderers."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">C.H. Cooper</p> +<p>Cambridge, June 24, 1850.</p> +<p><i>Bishops and their Precedence</i> (Vol. ii., p. 9.).—I +believe bishops have their precedence because they are both +<i>temporal</i> and <i>spiritual</i> barons. Some I years ago, I +took the following note from the <i>Gentleman's Mag</i>. for a year +between 1790 and 1800; I cannot say positively what year (for I was +very young at the time, and unfortunately omitted to "note" +it):—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Every Bishop has a temporal barony annexed to his see. The +Bishop of Durham is Earl of Sudbury and Baron Evenwood; and the +Bishop of Norwich is Baron of Northwalsham."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Query, where may the accounts of the respective baronies of the +bishoprics be found?</p> +<p class="author">HENRY KERSLEY.</p> +<p><i>Why Moses represented with Horns</i>.—Your +correspondent H.W. (Vol. i, p. 420.) refers the origin of what he +calls the strange practice of making Moses appear horned to a +mistranslation in the Vulgate. I send you an extract from Coleridge +which suggests something more profound the such an accidental +cause; and explains the statement of Rosenmüller (p. 419.), +that the Jews attributed horns to Moses "figuratively for +power:"—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"When I was at Rome, among many other visits to the tomb of +Julius II, I went thither once with a Prussian artist, a man of +great genius and vivacity of feeling. As we were gazing on Michael +Angelo's Moses, our conversation turned on the horns and beard of +that stupendous statue of the necessity of each to support the +other; of the superhuman effect of the former, and the necessity if +the existence of both to give a harmony and <i>integrity</i> both +to the image and the feeling excited by it. Conceive them removed, +and the statue would become <i>un</i>natural without being +<i>super</i>natural. We called to mind the horns of the rising sun, +and I repeated the noble passage from Taylor's <i>Holy Dying</i>. +That horns were the emblem of power and sovereignty among the +Eastern nations; and are still retained as such in Abyssinia; the +Achelous of the ancient Greeks; and the probable ideas and feelings +that originally suggested the mixture of the human and the brute +form in the figure, by which they realised the idea of their +mysterious Pan, as representing intelligence blended with a darker +power, deeper, mightier, and more universal than the conscious +intellect of man; than intelligence—all these thoughts passed +in procession before our minds."—Coleridge's <i>Biographia +Literaria</i>, vol. ii. p. 127. edit. 1817.</p> +</blockquote> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page92" id="page92"></a>{92}</span> +<p class="note">[The noble passage from Taylor's <i>Holy Dying</i>, +which Coleridge recreated, is subjoined.]</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"As when the sun approaches towards the gates of the morning, he +first opens a little eye of heaven, and sends away the spirits of +darkness, and gives light to a cock, and calls up the lark to +matins, and by and bye gilds the fringes of a cloud, and peeps over +the eastern hills, thrusting out his golden horns like those which +decked the brows of Moses, when he was forced to wear a veil, +because himself had seen the face of God; and still, while a man +tells the story, the sun gets up higher, till he shows a fair face +and a full light, and then he shines one whole day, under a cloud +often, and sometimes weeping great and little showers, and sets +quickly; so is a man's reason and his life."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>—Jeremy Taylor's <i>Holy Dying</i>.</p> +<p class="author">C.K.</p> +<p><i>Leicester and the reputed Poisoners of his Time</i> (Vol. +ii., p. 9.).—"The lady who had lost her hair and her nails," +an account of whom is requested by your correspondent H.C., was +Lady Douglas, daughter of William Lord Howard of Effingham, and +widow of John Lord Sheffield. Leicester was married to her after +the death of his first wife Anne, daughter and heir of Sir John +Robsart, and had by her a son, the celebrated Sir Robert Dudley, +whose legitimacy, owing to his father's disowning the marriage with +Lady Sheffield, in order to wed Lady Essex, was afterwards the +subject of so much contention. On the publication of this latter +marriage, Lady Douglas, in order, it is said, to secure herself +from any future practices, had, from a dread of being made away +with by Leicester, united herself to Sir Edward Stafford, then +ambassador in France. Full particulars of this double marriage will +be found in Dugdale's <i>Antiquities of Warwickshire</i>.</p> +<p>The extract from D'Israeli's <i>Amenities of Literature</i> +relates to charges against Leicester, which will be found at large +in <i>Leicester's Commonwealth</i>, written by Parsons the +Jesuit,—a work, however, which must be received with great +caution, from the author's well-known enmity to the Earl of +Leicester, and his hatred to the Puritans, who were protected by +that nobleman's powerful influence.</p> +<p class="author">W.J.</p> +<p>Havre.</p> +<p><i>New Edition of Milton</i> (Vol. ii., p. 21.).—The Rev. +J. Mitford, as I have understood, is employed upon a new edition of +Milton's works, both prose and verse, to be published by Mr. +Pickering. I may mention, by the way, that the sentence from +Strada, "Cupido gloriae, quae etiam sapientibus novissima exuitur," +which is quoted by Mr. Mitford on Lycidas, Aldine edition, v. 71. +("Fame, that last infirmity of noble minds"), is borrowed from +Tacitus <i>Hist</i>. iv. 6. Compare <i>Athenæus</i>, xi. 15. +§ 116. p. 507. d., where Plato is represented as +saying:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"[Greek: Eschaton ton taes doxaes chitona en to thanato auto +apoduometha.]"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Will you allow me to add, that the quotation from Seneca in Vol. +i., p. 427. Of "NOTES AND QUERIES" is from the <i>Nat. Quaest. +Proef</i>.</p> +<p class="author">J.E.B. MAYOR.</p> +<p>Marlborough College, June 8.</p> +<p><i>Christian Captives</i> (Vol. i., p. 441.).—There is an +unfortunate hiatus in the accounts of this parish from 1642 to +1679, which prevents my stating positively the amount of the +collection here made; but in 1670, Jan 1., there occurs the +following:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Item. To Mr. Day for Copying ouer the fower parts that was +gathered in the parish for the Reliefe of Slaues in Algiears - - - +- 0 2 0"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Mr. Day was curate of Ecclesfield at that time; and in another +part of the book there is, in his handwriting, a subscription list, +which, though only headed "Colected by hous Row for the ..." is +more than probably the copy referred to. From it the totals +collected appear to have been,—</p> +<table summary="Subscription list" align="center"> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td align="right"><i>s</i>.</td> +<td align="right"><i>d</i>.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Ecclesfield</td> +<td></td> +<td align="right">6</td> +<td align="right">7-1/2</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Greno Firth</td> +<td></td> +<td align="right">13</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Southey Soke</td> +<td></td> +<td align="right">10</td> +<td align="right">7</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Wadsley</td> +<td></td> +<td align="right">4</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td align="right">£1</td> +<td align="right">15</td> +<td align="right">2-1/2</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p>The above are the four byerlaws, or divisions of the parish, and +the four churchwardens used separately to collect in their +respective byerlaws; and then a fair copy of the whole was made out +by the curate or schoolmaster. An ordinary collection in church, +upon a brief, averaged 7<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. at this period.</p> +<p class="author">J. EASTWOOD.</p> +<p>Ecclesfield.</p> +<p><i>Borrowed Thoughts</i> (Vol. i., p. 482.).—The number of +"NOTES AND QUERIES" here alluded to has unluckily not reached me; +but in Vol. ii., p. 30., I observe that your correspondent C., in +correcting one error, has inadvertently committed another. Monsieur +de la Palisse is the hero alluded to in the popular song which was +written at the commencement of the eighteenth century by Bernard de +la Monnoye, upon the old ballad, composed after the battle of +Pavia, and commencing,—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Hélas! La Palice est mort,</p> +<p class="i2">Il est mort devant Pavie;</p> +<p>Hélas! s'il n'estait pas mort,</p> +<p class="i2">Il serait encore en vie!"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">W.J.</p> +<p>Havre.</p> +<p><i>North Sides of Churchyards</i> (Vol. ii., p. 55.).—A +portion of many churchyards is said to have been left +unconsecrated, though not to be used as playground for the youth of +the parish, but for the burial of excommunicated persons. This was +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page93" id="page93"></a>{93}</span> +not, however, always on the north side of the church, as is evident +from the following extract from the Register of Hart, +Durham:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Dec. 17. 1596, Ellen Thompson, Fornicatrix (and then +excommunicated), was buried of Þe people in Þe chaer at +the entrance unto Þe Þeate or stile of Þe +churchyard, on the east thereof."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Nor is the north side of the church always the less favourite +part for burial. I could name many instances where this is the only +part used.</p> +<p>The churchyard now within two hundred yards of me contains about +an acre of ground; the larger portion of which lies to the south of +the church, but has been very little used for sepulture till of +late years, though the churchyard is very ancient. Even now the +poor have an objection to bury their friends there. I believe the +prejudice is always in favour of the part next the town or village; +that on the other side of the church being generally called "the +backside."</p> +<p>I find various notices of excommunicated persons being very +strangely buried, and in extraordinary places, but I have not as +yet met with any act or injunction on the subject. If any of your +readers can supply such a document, it would be extremely +interesting and useful.</p> +<p class="author">W.H.K.</p> +<p>D.B.</p> +<p><i>Monastery, Arrangement of one</i> (Vol. i., p. +452.),—A.P.H., who requests any information respecting the +extent, arrangement, and uses of a monastic building, has doubtless +consulted Fosbroke's <i>British Monachism</i>.</p> +<p class="author">W.J.</p> +<p>Havre.</p> +<p><i>Churchyards, Epitaphs</i> (Vol. ii., p. 56.).—I beg to +submit the following observations in answer to the Queries under +this head.</p> +<p>Fairs, and also markets, were held in churchyards until put a +stop to in 1285 by an enactment in the 13 Edw. I. c. 6:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"E communde le rey e defend qe feire ne marche ne seient tenuz +en cimeter pur honur de seint eglise."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Previous to the passing of this act, the king had forbidden the +keeping of Northampton fair in the church or churchyard of All +Saints in that town; and Bishop Grostête, following the +monarch's example, had sent instructions through the whole diocese +of Lincoln, prohibiting fairs to be kept in such sacred places. +(See Burn's <i>Eccl. Law</i>, tit. "Church," ed. 1788.) Fairs and +markets were usually held on Sunday, until the 27 Hen. VI. c. 5. +ordered the discontinuing of this custom, with trifling exceptions. +Appended to the fourth Report of the Lincolnshire Architectural +Society is a paper by Mr. Bloxan on "Churchyard Monuments," from +which it appears that in the churchyards of Cumberland and +Cornwall, and in those of Wales, are several crosses, considered to +be as early as, if not earlier than, the twelfth century: that in +the churchyards of the Isle of Man are other crosses of various +dates, from the eighth to the twelfth century and that in some of +the churchyards in Kent, of which those of Chartham, Godmersham, +and Godneston are specified, there are remaining some of the most +simple headstone crosses that can be imagined, most of which the +writer apprehends to be of the twelfth or thirteenth century, +though he adds, "there is no sufficient reason why they should not +be of later date." Several other instances between the periods +particularised are also given. The Report is not published, but +perhaps a copy might be obtained from the printer, W. Edwards, Corn +Market, Louth. See further the <i>Archaeological Journal</i>, +passim, and Mr. Cutt's work on <i>Sepulchral Crosses and Slabs</i>. +The privilege of sanctuary was taken from churchyards, as well as +from all other places, in 1623, by the 21 Jac. I. c. 28., which +provides,</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"That no sanctuary or privilege of sanctuary shall be hereafter +admitted or allowed in any case" (sec. 7.).</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">ARUN.</p> +<p><i>Umbrella</i> (Vol. i., p. 415; vol. ii., p. +25.).—Seeing that the Query respecting this useful article of +domestic economy has been satisfactorily answered, may I be allowed +to mention that umbrellas are described by the ancients as marks of +distinction. Pausanias and Hesychius report that at Alea, a city of +Arcadia, a feast called Scieria was celebrated in honour of +Bacchus, in which the statue of the rosy god was carried in +procession, crowned with vine leaves, and placed upon an ornamental +litter, in which was seated a young girl carrying an umbrella, to +indelicate the majesty of the god. On several bas-reliefs from +Persepolis, the king is represented under an umbrella, which a +female holds over his head.</p> +<p class="author">W.J.</p> +<p>Havre.</p> +<p><i>English Translations of Erasmus' "Encomium Moriae"</i> (Vol. +i., p. 385.).—Perhaps JARLZBERG, who seems interested in the +various translations of this admirable work, might like to know of +a French translation, with designs from Holbein, which I purchased +some weeks ago at a sale in a provincial French town. It is +entitled <i>L'Eloge de la Folie, composé en forme de +Déclaration par Erasme, et traduit par Mr. Guendeville, avec +les Notes de Gerard Listre, et les belles Figures de Holbein; le +tout sur l'Oiginal de l'Academie de Bâle</i>. Amsterdam, chez +François l'Honore. 1735.</p> +<p class="author">W.J.</p> +<p>Havre.</p> +<p><i>Lady Slingsby</i> (Vol. ii., p. 71.).—She was a +professional actress, who played under the name of <i>Mrs</i>. +(probably <i>Miss</i>) <i>Mary Lee</i>, from about 1672 to 1680, +after which date she is called <i>Lady</i> <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page94" id="page94"></a>{94}</span> +<i>Slingsby</i>, and she played under this title for about five +years, when she seems to have quitted the stage. She survived her +husband, for "Dame Mary Slingsby, <i>widow</i>, of St. James's +parish, was buried at Pancras, 1st of March, 1694."</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<p><i>Meaning of "Bawn"</i> (Vol. i., p. 60.).—The poet +Campbell uses the word <i>bawn</i> as follows:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"And fast and far, before the star</p> +<p>Of day-spring, rush'd we through the glade,</p> +<p>And saw at dawn the lofty <i>bawn</i></p> +<p>Of Castle-Connor fade."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p><i>O'Connor's Child</i>.</p> +<p class="author">ROBERT SNOW.</p> +<p><i>Chantrey's Sleeping Children</i> (Vol. ii., p. +70.)—Your correspondent PLECTRUM is anxious to know on what +grounds I attribute to Stothard any part of the design of the +monument in Lichfield Cathedral known as Chantrey's "Sleeping +Children?" I will endeavour to satisfy him.</p> +<p>The design, suggested, as it were, by the very nature of the +commission, was communicated by Chantrey to Stothard with a request +that he would make for him two or three sketches of sleeping +children, at his usual price. What Stothard did, I have heard my +father say, was very like the monument as it now stands. The sketch +from which Chantrey wrought was given to me by my father a few +months before his death, and is now suspended on the wall of the +room in which I write.</p> +<p>It is a pencil-sketch, shaded with Indian ink, and is very +Stothard-like and beautiful. It wants, however, a certain +sculptural grace, which Chantrey gave with a master feeling; and it +wants the snow-drops in the hand of the younger sister,—a +touch of poetic beauty suggested by my father.</p> +<p>The carver of the group (the person who copied it in marble) was +the late Mr. F.A. Legé, to whom the merit of the whole +monument has been foolishly ascribed.</p> +<p>I should be sorry to impress the world with the belief that I +mean in any way to detract from the merit of Chantrey in making +this statement. I have divulged no secret. I have only endeavoured +to explain what till now has been too often misunderstood.</p> +<p class="author">PETER CUNNINGHAM.</p> +<p>The following statement may perhaps give to PLECTRUM the +information he requires.</p> +<p>Dining one day alone with Chantrey, in Jan. 1833, our +conversation accidentally turned upon some of his monuments, and +amongst other things he told me the circumstances connected with +the monument at Lichfield to the two children of Mrs. Robinson. As +I was leaving Chantrey, I asked him if I might write down what he +had told me; his reply was, "Certainly; indeed I rather wish you +would." Before I went to bed I wrote down what I now send you; I +afterwards showed it to Chantrey, who acknowledged it to be +correct. It was hastily written, but I send it as I wrote it at the +time, without alteration.</p> +<p>Nicholson, the drawing master, taught Mrs. Robinson and her two +children. Not long after the death of Mr. Robinson, the eldest +child was burnt to death; and a very short time afterwards the +other child sickened and died. Nicholson called on Chantrey and +desired him to take a cast of the child's face, as the mother +wished to have some monument of it. Chantrey immediately repaired +to the house, made his cast, and had a most affecting interview +with the unhappy mother. She was desirous of having a monument to +be placed in Lichfield Cathedral, and wished to know whether the +cast just taken would enable Chantrey to make a tolerable +resemblance of her lost treasure. After reminding her how uncertain +all works of art were in that respect, he assured her he hoped to +be able to accomplish her wishes. She then conversed with him upon +the subject of the monument, of her distressed feelings at the +accumulated losses of her husband and her two children, in so short +a space of time; expatiated upon their characters, and her great +affection; and dwelt much upon her feelings when, before she +retired to bed, she had usually contemplated them when she hung +over them locked in each other's arms asleep. While she dwelt upon +these recollections, it occurred to Chantrey that the +representation of this scene would be the most appropriate +monument; and as soon as he arrived at home he made a small model +of the two children, nearly as they were afterwards executed, and +as they were universally admired. As Mrs. Robinson wished to see a +drawing of the design, Chantrey called upon Stothard, and employed +him to make the requisite drawing from the small model: this was +done; and from this circumstance originated the story, from those +envious of Chantrey's rising fame, that he was indebted to Stothard +for all the merit of the original design.</p> +<p class="author">EDW. HAWKINS</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>MISCELLANIES.</h2> +<p><i>Separation of the Sexes in Time of Divine +Service</i>.—I note with pleasure that traces of this ancient +usage still exist in parts of Sussex. In Poling Church, and also in +Arundel Church, the movable Seats are marked with the letters M. +and W. respectively, according as they are assigned to the men or +women. On the first Sunday in the year I attended service in +Arundel Church, and observed, with respect to the benches which +were placed in the middle of the nave for the use of the poorer +classes, that the women as they entered proceeded to those at the +eastern end, which were left vacant for them, whilst the men by +themselves <span class="pagenum"><a name="page95" id= +"page95"></a>{95}</span> occupied those at the western end. The +existence of a distinction of this kind in regard to the open seats +only, affords strong proof, if proof were necessary, that it was +the introduction of appropriated pews which led to the disuse of +else long established, and once general, custom of the men +occupying the south side of the nave, and the women the north.</p> +<p class="author">B.H.B.</p> +<p><i>Error in Winstanley's Loyal +Martyrology</i>.—Winstanley, in <i>The Loyall Martyrology</i> +(London, printed by Thomas Mabb, 1665), p. 67., says of Master +Gerard, the author of that elaborate herbal which bears his +name—"This gallant gentleman, renowned for arts and arms, was +likewise at the storming of that (Basing) House unfortunately +slain." According to Johnson, who edited his Herbal in 1633, Gerard +was born at Namptwich, in Cheshire, in the year 1545; and died +about 1607. Basing House was stormed Oct. 1645: had Gerard served +there, he would have been 100 years old. It appears that Winstanley +has confounded Gerard with his editor Thomas Johnson above +mentioned, who was killed during the siege of Basing House, anno +1644. (See Fuller's <i>Worthies</i>, vol. iii. p. 422. edit. 1840. +London.)</p> +<p class="author">E.N.W.</p> +<p><i>Preaching in Nave only.—Prayers and Preaching distinct +Services</i>—In Ely Cathedral the old and proper custom of +sermons being delivered in the nave only is still maintained. And +this observance has doubtless led to the continuance of another, +which is a sufficient answer to those who object to the length of +our service, as it shows that formerly in practice, as still in +principle, prayers and preaching were distinct services. In the +morning of Sunday there is no sermon in either of the parish +churches in Ely, but prayers only; and those of the respective +congregations who wish to hear a sermon remove to the cathedral, +where they are joined by the ecclesiastics and others who have +"been to choir". Consequently, any one may "go to sermon" (I use +the language of the place) without having been to prayers, or to +prayers in one of the parish churches, or the choir, without +necessarily hearing the sermon.</p> +<p>I think it would be very interesting, if your widely scattered +correspondents would from time to time communicate in your columns +such instances of any variation from the now usual mode of +celebrating divine service as may fall under their <i>personal</i> +observation.</p> +<p class="author">B.H.B.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>Miscellaneous</h2> +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, &c.</h3> +<p>It has been frequently, more frequently, perhaps than justly, +objected to the Shakspeare Society, that few of its publications +bear directly upon the illustration of the works of the great +dramatist. That the Council would gladly publish works more +immediately in connection with Shakspeare and his writings, if the +materials for them could be found, is proved by the fact of their +having just published the <i>Remarks of Karl Simrock on the Plots +of Shakspeare's Plays</i>, which that gentleman, whose name is +honoured by all lovers of early German poetry and romance, appended +to the third volume of the <i>Quellen der Shakspeare</i>, a +collection of Novels, Tales, &c., illustrative of Shakspeare, +which Simrock collected and translated in conjunction with +Echtermeyer and Henschel, and which somewhat resembles Mr. +Collier's <i>Shakspeare's Library</i>. The translation of these +remarks, made for the Society, was placed in the hands of Mr. +Halliwell, and forms, with the notes and additions of that +gentleman, a volume containing much new and curious information +upon a very interesting point in Shakspearian literature.</p> +<p>Messrs. Sotheby and Co., of Wellington Street, will sell on +Monday, July 8th, and six following days, a very Choice Cabinet of +Coins and Medals, the property of a Nobleman; and on Monday, July +15th, and five following days, an extensive Assemblage of +Historical, Theological, and Miscellaneous Books.</p> +<p>Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, of 191. Piccadilly, announce a Sale +of Splendid Engravings by British and Foreign Artists on Monday +next.</p> +<p>We have received the following Catalogues:—William Nield's +(46. Burlington Arcade) Catalogue No. 3. of Very Cheap Books; +Edward Stibbs' (331. Strand) Select Catalogue of a Collection of +Books just purchased from a celebrated literary character.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</h3> +<h4>WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h4> +<h4>(In continuation of Lists in former Nos.)</h4> +<p>DRAYTON'S POLYOLBION. (A perfect copy of any edition.)</p> +<p>PULEYN'S ETYMOLOGICAL COMPENDIUM.</p> +<h4>Odd volumes.</h4> +<p>INGLIS'S IRELAND. Vol. II.</p> +<p>Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage +free</i>, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES", +186. Fleet street.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>Notices to Correspondents</h3> +<p>VOLUME THE FIRST, <i>Complete with Index, may now be had, price +9s. 6d., bound in cloth</i>. THE INDEX, <i>published last week, is, +we trust, sufficiently full to satisfy to the utmost the wishes of +our Subscribers. We feel that, if called upon at any time to +establish the utility of</i> NOTES AND QUERIES, <i>we may +confidently point to the Index as a proof that the Literary +Inquirer, be his particular branch of Study what it may, will not +search in vain in our pages for valuable Notes and Illustrations of +it.</i></p> +<p><i>Answers to several correspondents in our next</i>.</p> +<p>Errata. No. 34. p. 60., for "D<i>o</i>lort" read +"D<i>e</i>lort," and for "Triar<i>mum</i>" , read +"Triar<i>num</i>". No. 35. p. 75. in the article on "Carucate of +Land" for "acre", read "acras", and for "B<i>oe</i>julia", read +"B<i>a</i>julia". The articles "God Save the Queen," p. 71., and +"Royal and Distinguished Interments", p. 79., should have been +subscripted "F.K." instead of "J.H.M."</p> +<hr class="adverts" /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page96" id="page96"></a>{96}</span> +<p>THE EDINBURGH REVIEW, No. CLXXXV., will be Published on +WEDNESDAY next, July 10th.</p> +<p>CONTENTS:</p> +<p>1. QUETELET ON PROBABILITIES.</p> +<p>2. MERIVALE'S HISTORY OF ROME UNDER THE EMPIRE.</p> +<p>3. CHURCH AND STATE EDUCATION</p> +<p>4. MÉRIMÉE'S HISTORY OF PEDRO THE CRUEL.</p> +<p>5. BLACKIE'S AESCHYLUS.</p> +<p>6. GOETHE'S FESTIVAL.</p> +<p>7. GUIZOT ON THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION.</p> +<p>8. THE AFRICAN SQUADRON.</p> +<p>9. THE GORHAM CONTROVERSY.</p> +<p>London: LONGMAN AND CO. Edinburgh: A. AND C. BLACK.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Now ready, Octavo Edition. plain, 15<i>s</i>.; Quarto Edition, +having the Plates of the Tesselated Pavements all coloured, +1<i>l</i>. 5<i>s</i>.</p> +<p>Remains of Roman art, in Cirencester, the Site of Ancient +Corinium: containing Plates by De la Motte, of the magnificient +Tesselated Pavements discovered in August and September, 1849, with +copies of the grand Heads of Ceres, Flora, and Pamona; reduced by +the Talootype from facsimile tracings of the original; together +with various other plates and numerous wood engravings.</p> +<p>In the Quarto edition the folding of the plates necessary for +the smaller volume is avoided.</p> +<p>London: GEORGE BELL. Cirencester: Bailey and Jones. Norwich: C. +Muskett. Plymouth: R. Lidstone. Reading: George Lovejoy.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Just Published,</p> +<p>A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS</p> +<p>IN VARIOUS LANGUAGES,</p> +<p>Among which will be found many of the Works of the FATHERS, +ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, LITURGICAL Works, COUNCILS, THEOLOGY and +CANON LAW and a Selection of many very rare Spanish Books:</p> +<p>Offered for Sale at the prices affixed (for Cash)</p> +<p>BY CHARLES DOLMAN, 61. NEW BOND STREET.</p> +<p>***Among other important Works are the following:—</p> +<table summary="Book list" align="center"> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td align="right">£</td> +<td align="right">s.</td> +<td align="right">d.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">ALBERTI MAGNI Opera Omnia, Studio et Labore P. +Jammy, 21 vols. folio, vellum, only</td> +<td align="right">12</td> +<td align="right">12</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">AMROSII Opera, Ed. Benedictina, 2 vols. folio, +large paper</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +<td align="right">16</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">ARNAUD, Antoine, Oeuvres Complettes, 49 vols. in +44, 4to., only</td> +<td align="right">7</td> +<td align="right">7</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">ATHANASII Opera Omnia, Editio Benedictina, 1698, 5 +vols. folio, fine copy, calf, gilt</td> +<td align="right">14</td> +<td align="right">14</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">AUGUSTINI Opera Omnia, Editio Benedictina, 1700, +12 vols. in 9, folio</td> +<td align="right">11</td> +<td align="right">11</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">BEDAE Opera Omnia, 8 vols. in 5, folio</td> +<td align="right">2</td> +<td align="right">16</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">BIBLIOTHECA Veterum Patrum, De la Bigne Collecta, +12 vols. in 9, folio</td> +<td align="right">5</td> +<td align="right">5</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">BOLLANDII ACTA SANCTORUM, 43 vols. folio, vellum, +Venice, 1734-70, only</td> +<td align="right">25</td> +<td align="right">10</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">BULLARIUM ROMANUM, Ed. C. Coquelines, &c., 32 +vols. folio, only</td> +<td align="right">22</td> +<td align="right">10</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">CHRYSOSTOMI Opera Omnia 13 vols. folio, 1734</td> +<td align="right">14</td> +<td align="right">14</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">DECISIONES Rotae Romanae Recentiores, 24 vols. +folio</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">EPHRAEM SYRI Opera Omnia, 6 vols, folio</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +<td align="right">16</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">GALLIA CHRISTIANA, Opera D. Samarthani, 13 vols. +folio</td> +<td align="right">14</td> +<td align="right">14</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">HIERONYMI Opera Omnia, Ed. D Vallarsii, 11 vols. +folio</td> +<td align="right">14</td> +<td align="right">14</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">LE QUIEN, Oriens Christianus, 3 vols. folio</td> +<td align="right">7</td> +<td align="right">7</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MENOLOGIUM Graecorum, 3 vols folio</td> +<td align="right">3</td> +<td align="right">10</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">ORIGENIS Opera Omnia, Ed. De la Rue, 4 vols. +folio</td> +<td align="right">12</td> +<td align="right">12</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p>N.B. The Catalogue will be forwarded Free by post, on receipt of +two postage stamps.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Now Publishing, The Churches of the Middle Ages. By HENRY BOWMAN +and JOSEPH S. CROWTHERS, Architects, Manchester. To be completed in +Twenty Parts, each containing Six Plates, Imperial Folio. Issued at +intervals of two months. Price per Part to Subscribers. Proofs, +large paper, 10<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>.; Tinted, small paper, +9<i>s</i>.; Plain, 7<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. Parts 1 to 8 are now +published, and contain illustrations of Ewerby Church, +Lincolnshire; Temple Balsall Chapel, Warwickshire; and Heckington +Church, Lincolnshire.</p> +<p>"Ewerby is a magnificent specimen of a Flowing Middle-Pointed +Church. It is most perfectly measured and described: one can follow +the most recondite beauties of the construction, mouldings and +joints, in these Plates, almost as well as in the original +structure. Such a monograph as this will be of incalculable value +to the architects of our Colonies or the United States, who have no +means of access to ancient churches. The Plates are on stone done +with remarkable skill and distinctness. Of Heckington we can only +say that the perspective view from the south-east presents a very +vision of beauty; we can hardly conceive anything more perfect. We +heartily recommend this series to all who are able to patronize +it." —<i>Ecclesiologist</i> Oct. 1849.</p> +<p>London. GEORGE BELL., 186. Fleet Street</p> +<hr /> +<p>THE PRIMAEVAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND ILLUSTRATED BY THOSE OF +DENMARK.</p> +<p>The Primaeval Antiquities of Denmark. By J.J.A. WORSAAE. Member +of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Copenhagen. Translated and +applied to the illustration of similar Remains in England, by +WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary of the Camden Society. With +numerous Woodcuts. 8vo. 10<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>.</p> +<p>"The best antiquarian handbook we have ever met with—so +clear is the arrangement, and so well and so plainly is each +subject illustrated by well-executed engravings.... It is the joint +production of two men who have already distinguished themselves as +authors and antiquarians."—<i>Morning Herald.</i></p> +<p>"A book of remarkable interest and ability.... Mr. Worsaae's +book is in all ways a valuable addition to our literature.... Mr. +Thoms has executed the translation in flowing and idiomatic +English, and has appended many curious and interesting notes and +observations of his own."—<i>Guardian.</i></p> +<p>"The work, which we desire to commend to the attention of our +readers, is signally interesting to the British antiquary. Highly +interesting and important work."—<i>Archaeological +Journal.</i></p> +<p>See also the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> for February 1850.</p> +<p>Oxford: JOHN HENRY PARKER, and 337. Strand. London</p> +<hr /> +<p>Preparing for publication, in 2 vols. small 8vo.</p> +<p>The Folk-Lore of England. By WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary +of the Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays and +Legends of all Nations." &c. One object of the present work is +to furnish new contributions to the History of our National +Folk-Lore; and especially some of the more striking illustrations +of the subject to be found in the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other +Continental Antiquaries.</p> +<p>Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable +Customs and Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are +earnestly solicited, and will be thankfully acknowledged by the +Editor. They may be addressed to the care of MR. BELL, Office of +"NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Vols. I. and II. 8vo., price 28<i>s</i>. cloth.</p> +<p>The Judges of England; from the TIME of the CONQUEST. By EDWARD +FOSS, F.S.A.</p> +<p>"A work in which a subject of great historical importance is +treated with the care, diligence, and learning it deserves; in +which Mr. Foss has brought to light many points previously unknown, +corrected many errors, and shown such ample knowledge of his +subject as to conduct it successfully through all the intricacies +of a difficult investigation, and such taste and judgement as will +enable him to quit, when occasion requires, the dry details of a +professional inquiry, and to impart to his work, as he proceeds, +the grace and dignity of a philosophical history."—<i>Gent. +Mag.</i></p> +<p>London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN and LONGMAN.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p>Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at +No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City +of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, +in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, In the City of London, +Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, July +6, 1850.</p> +<hr class="full" /> + +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13361 ***</div> +</body> +</html> diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b57dc4a --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #13361 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/13361) diff --git a/old/13361-8.txt b/old/13361-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4721b74 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/13361-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2365 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 36. Saturday, July 6, +1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries, No. 36. Saturday, July 6, 1850 + A Medium Of Inter-Communication For Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc. + + +Author: Various + +Release Date: September 3, 2004 [EBook #13361] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 36. *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team and The Internet Library of Early Journals, + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 36.] SATURDAY, JULY 6, 1850. [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * *{81} + +CONTENTS + +NOTES:-- + Further Notes on Derivation of the Word "News", by + Samuel Hickson 81 + More Borrowed Thoughts, by S. W. Singer 82 + Strangers in the House of Commons, by C. Ross 83 + Folk Lore:--High Spirits considered a Presage of impending + Calamity, by C Forbes 84 + The Hydro-Incubator, by H. Kersley 84 + Etymology of the Word "Parliament" 85 + "Incidis in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim," by + C. Forbes and T. H. Friswell 85 + A Note of Admiration! 86 + The Earl of Norwich and his Son George Lord + Goring, by CH. and Lord Braybooke 86 + +QUERIES:-- + James Carkasse's Lucida Intervalla 87 + Minor Queries:--Epigrams on the Universities--Lammas'Day--Mother + Grey's Apples--Jewish Music--The Plant "Haemony"--Ventriloquism-- + Epigram on Statue of French King--Lux fiat-Hiring of Servants-- + Book of Homilies--Collar of SS.--Rainbow--Passage in Lucan--William + of Wykeham--Richard Baxter's Descendants--Passage in St. Peter-- + Juicecups--Derivation of "Yote" or "Yeot"--Pedigree of Greene + Family--Family of Love--Sir Gammer Vans 87 + +REPLIES:-- + Punishment of Death by Burning 90 + To give a Man Horns, by C. Forbes and J.E.B. Mayor 90 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Shipster--Three Dukes--Bishops + and their Precedence--Why Moses represented with + Horns--Leicester and the reputed Poisoners of his Time--New + Edition of Milton--Christian Captives--Borrowed Thoughts--North + Sides of Churchyards--Monastery--Churchyards--Epitaphs--Umbrellas-- + English Translations of Erasmus--Chantrey's Sleeping Children, & c. + 91 + +MISCELLANIES:-- + Separation of the Sexes in Time of Divine Service--Error + in Winstanley's Loyal Martyrology--Preaching in Nave only 94 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, Sales, & c. 95 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted 95 + Notices to Correspondents 95 + Advertisements 96 + + * * * * * + +NOTES + +FURTHER NOTES ON DERIVATION OF THE WORD "NEWS". + +Without being what the Germans would call a _purist_, I cannot deem it +an object of secondary importance to defend the principles of the law +and constitution of the English language. For the adoption of words we +have no rule; and we act just as our convenience or necessity dictates: +but in their formation we must strictly conform to the laws we find +established. Your correspondents C.B. and A.E.B. (Vol. ii., p. 23.) seem +to me strangely to misconceive the real point at issue between us. To a +question by the latter, why I should attempt to derive "News" indirectly +from a German adjective, I answer, because in its transformation into a +German noun declined as an adjective, it gives the form which I contend +no English process will give. The rule your correspondents deduce from +this, neither of them, it appears, can understand. As I am not certain +that their deduction is a correct one, I beg to express it in my own +words as follows:--There is no such process known to the English +language as the formation of a noun-singular out of an adjective by the +addition of "_s_": neither is there any process known by which a +noun-plural can be formed from an adjective, without the previous +formation of the singular in the same sense; except in such cases as +"the rich, the poor, the noble," &c., where the singular form is used in +a plural sense. C.B. instances "goods, the shallows, blacks, for +mourning, greens." To the first of these I have already referred; +"shallow" is unquestionably a noun-singular; and to the remaining +instances the following remarks will apply. + +As it should be understood that my argument applies solely to the +_English_ language, I think I might fairly take exception to a string of +instances with which A.E.B. endeavours to refute me from a vocabulary of +a language very expressive, no doubt, yet commonly called "slang". The +words in question are not English: I never use them myself, nor do I +recognise the right or necessity for any one else to do so; and I might, +indeed, deem this a sufficient answer. But the fact is that the language +in some degree is losing its instincts, and liberties are taken with it +now that it would not have allowed in its younger days. Have we not seen +participial adjectives made from nouns? I shall therefore waive my +objection, and answer by saying that there is no analogy between the +instances given and the case in point. They are, one and all, elliptical +expressions signifying "black clothes, green vegetables, tight +pantaloons, heavy dragoons, odd chances," &c. "Blacks" and "whites" are +not in point, the singular of either being quite as admissible as the +plural. The rule, if it be worth while to lay down a rule for the +formation of such vulgarisms, appears to be {82} that characteristic +adjective, in constant conjunction with a noun in common use, may be +used alone, the noun being understood. Custom has limited in some +measure the use of these abridged titles to classes or collective +bodies, and the adjective takes the same form that the noun itself would +have had; but, in point of fact, it would be just as good English to say +"a heavy" as "the heavies" and they all become unintelligible when we +lose sight of the noun to which they belong. If A.E.B. should assert +that a glass of "cold without," _because_, by those accustomed to +indulge in such potations, it was understood to mean "brandy and _cold_ +water, _without_ sugar," was really a draught from some "well of purest +English undefil'd," the confusion of ideas could not be more complete. + +Indeed, I very much doubt whether our word "News" contains the idea of +"new" at all. It is used with us to mean intelligence and the phrases, +"Is there any thing new?" and "Is there any news?" present, in my +opinion, two totally distinct ideas to the English mind in its ordinary +mechanical action. "Intelligence" is not necessarily "new", nor indeed +is "News:" in the oldest dictionary I possess, Baret's _Alvearie_, 1573, +I find "Olde newes or stale newes." A.E.B. is very positive that "news" +is plural, and he cites the "Cardinal of York" to prove it. All that I +can say is, that I think the Cardinal of York was wrong: and A.E.B. +thought so too, when his object was not to confound me, as may be seen +by his own practice in bloc concluding paragraph of his +communication:--"The _newes_ WAS of the victory," &c. The word "means," +on the other hand, is beyond all dispute plural. What says Shakspeare? + + "Yet nature is made letter by no mean + But nature makes that mean." + +The plural was formed by the addition of "_s_:" yet from the infrequent +use of the word except in the plural, the singular form has become +obsolete, and the same form applies now to both numbers. Those who would +apply this reasoning to "News," forget that there is the slight +difficulty of the absence of the _noun_ "new" to start from. + +I do not feel bound to furnish proof of so obvious a fact, that many of +the most striking similarities in language are mere coincidences. Words +derived from the same root, and retaining the same meaning, frequently +present the most dissimilar appearance, as "evêque" and "bishop;" and +the most distant roots frequently meet in the same word. When your +correspondents, therefore, remind me that there is a French word, +_noise_, I must remind them that it contains not one element of our +English word. Richardson gives the French word, but evidently discards +it, preferring the immediate derivation from "_noy_, that which noies or +annoys." I confess I do not understand his argument; but it was +referring to this that I said that our only known process would make a +plural noun of it. I have an impression that I have met with "annoys" +used by poetical license for "annoyances." + +"Noise" has never been used in the sense of the French word in this +country. If derived immediately from the French, it is hardly probable +that it should so entirely have lost every particle of its original +meaning. With us it is either _a loud sound_, or _fame, report, rumour_, +being in this sense rendered in the Latin by the same two words, _fama, +rumor_, as News. The former sense is strictly consequential to the +latter, which I believe to be the original signification, as shown in +its use in the following passages:-- + + "At the same time it was noised abroad in the realme" + +_Holinshed_. + + Cleopatra, catching but the least noise of this, dies + instantly. + +_Ant. and Cleo._, Act i. Sc. 2. + + _Cre_. What was his cause of anger? + _Ser_. The noise goes, this. + +_Troil. and Cres._, Act. i. Sc. 2. + +Whether I or your correspondents be right, will remain perhaps for ever +doubtful; but the flight that can discover a relationship between this +word and another pronounced[1] as nearly the same as the two languages +will admit of, and which gives at all events one sense, if not, as I +think, the primary one, is scarcely so eccentric as that which finds the +origin of a word signifying a loud sound, and fame, or rumor, in +"nisus"; not even _struggle_, in the sense of _contention_, an endeavour +an effort, a strain. + +SAMUEL HICKSON. + +St. John's Wood, June 15, 1850. + +[Footnote 1: I do not think it necessary, here, to defend my +pronunciation of German; the expressions I now use being sufficient for +the purpose of my argument. I passed over CH.'s observation on this +subject, because it did not appear to me to touch the question.] + + * * * * * + +MORE BORROWED THOUGHTS. + + O many are the poets that are sown + By nature men endowed with highest gifts, + The vision and the facility divine, + Yet wanting the accomplishment of verse, + Nor having e'er, as life advanced, been led + by circumstance to take the height, + The measure of themselves, &c. + +Wordsworth's _Excursion_, B. i. + +This admired passage has its prototype in the following from the +_Lettere di Battista Guarini_, who points to a thought of similar kind +in Dante:-- + +"O quante nolili ingegni si perdono che riuscerebbe mirabili [in poesia] +se dal seguir le inchinazione loro non fossero, ò dà loro appetiti ò da +i Padri loro sviati." + +Coleridge, in his _Bibliographia Literaria_, 1st ed., vol. i. p. 28., +relates a story of some one who desired {83} to be introduced to him, +but hesitated because he asserted that he had written an epigram on "The +Ancient Mariner," which Coleridge had himself written and inserted in +_The Morning Post_, to this effect:-- + + "Your poem must eternal be + Dear Sir! it cannot fail; + For 'tis incomprehensible, + And without head or tail." + +This was, however, only a Gadshill robbery,--stealing stolen goods. The +following epigram is said to be by Mr. Hole, in a MS. collection made by +Spence (penes me), and it appeared first in print in _Terræ Filius_, +from whence Dr. Salter copied it in his _Confusion worse Confounded_, p. +88:-- + + "Thy verses are eternal, O my friend! + For he who reads them, reads them to no end." + +In _The Crypt_, a periodical published by the late Rev. P. Hall, vol. i. +p. 30., I find the following attributed to Coleridge, but I know not on +what authority, as it does not appear among his collected poems:-- + +JOB'S LUCK, BY S. T. COLERIDGE, ESQ. + + "Sly Beelzebub took all occasions + To try Job's constancy and patience; + He took his honours, took his health, + He took his children, took his wealth, + His camels, horses, asses, cows,-- + Still the sly devil did not take his spouse. + "But heav'n, that brings out good from evil, + And likes to disappoint the devil, + Had predetermined to restore + Two-fold of all Job had before, + His children, camels, asses, cows,-- + Short-sighted devil, not to take his spouse." + +This is merely an amplified version of the 199th epigram of the 3d Book +of Owen: + + "Divitias Jobo, sobolemque, ipsamque salutem + Abstulit (hoc Domino non prohibens) Satan. + Omnibus ablatis, miserò, tamen una superstes, + Quae magis afflictum redderet, uxor erat." + +Of this there are several imitations in French, three of which are given +in the _Epigrammes Choisies d'Owen_, par M. de Kerivalant, published by +Labouisse at Lyons in 1819. + +S.W. SINGER. + +Mickleham, 1850. + + * * * * * + +STRANGERS IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS. + +(Vol. ii., p. 17.) + +As far as my observation extends, i.e. the last thirty-one years, no +alteration has taken place in the practice of the House of Commons with +respect to the admission of strangers. In 1844 the House adopted the +usual sessional order regarding strangers, which I transcribe, inserting +within brackets the only material words added by Mr. Christie in 1845:-- + + "That the Serjeant-at-Arms attending this house do, from time to + time, take into his custody any stranger or strangers that he + shall see or be informed of to be in the house or gallery + [appropriated to the members of this house, and also any + stranger who, having been admitted into any other part of the + house or gallery, shall misconduct himself, or shall not + withdraw when strangers are directed to withdraw] while the + House or any committee of the whole House is sitting, and that + no person so taken into custody be discharged out of custody + without the special order of the House. + + "That no member of the House do presume to bring any stranger or + strangers into the house, or the gallery thereof, while the + House is sitting." + +This order appears to have been framed at a time when there was no +separate gallery exclusively appropriated to strangers, and when they +were introduced by members into the gallery of what is called the "body +of the house." This state of things had passed away: and for a long +series of years strangers had been admitted to a gallery in the House of +Commons in the face of the sessional order, by which your correspondent +CH. imagines their presence was "absolutely prohibited." + +When I speak of strangers being admitted, it must not be supposed that +this was done by order of the House. No, every thing relating to the +admission of strangers to, and their accommodation in the House of +Commons, is effected by some mysterious agency for which no one is +directly responsible. Mr. Barry has built galleries for strangers in the +new house; but if the matter were made a subject of inquiry, it probably +would puzzle him to state under what authority he has acted. + +Mr. Christie wished to make the sessional order applicable to existing +circumstances; and, it may be, he desired to draw from the House a +direct sanction for the admission of strangers. In the latter purpose, +however, if he ever entertained it, he failed. The wording of his +amendment is obscure, but necessarily so. The word "gallery," as +employed by him, can only refer to the gallery appropriated to members +of the House; but he intended it to apply to the strangers' gallery. The +order should have run thus, "admitted into any other part of the house, +or into the gallery appropriated to strangers;" but Mr. Christie well +knew that the House would not adopt those words, because they contain an +admission that strangers _are_ present whilst the House is sitting, +whereas it is a parliamentary fiction that they are _not_. If a member +in debate should inadvertently allude to the possibility of his +observations being heard by a stranger, the Speaker would immediately +call him to order; yet at other times the right honourable gentleman +will listen complacently to discussions {84} arising out of the +complaints of members that strangers will not publish to the world all +that they hear pass in debate. This is one of the consistencies +resulting from the determination of the House not expressly to recognise +the presence of strangers; but, after all, I am not aware that any +practical inconvenience flows from it. The non-reporting strangers +occupy a gallery at the end of the house immediately opposite the +Speaker's chair; but the right hon. gentleman, proving the truth of the +saying, "None so blind as he who will not see," never perceives them +until just as a division is about to take place, when he invariably +orders them to withdraw. When a member wishes to exclude strangers he +addresses the Speaker, saying, "I think, Sir, I see a stranger or +strangers in the house," whereupon the Speaker instantly directs +strangers to withdraw. The Speaker issues his order in these +words:--"Strangers must withdraw." + +C. Ross. + +_Strangers in the House of Commons_.--As a rider to the notice of CH. in +"NOTES AND QUERIES," it may be well to quote for correction the +following remarks in a clever article in the last _Edinburgh Review_, on +Mr. Lewis' _Authority in Matters of Opinion_. The Reviewer says (p. +547.):-- + +"_This practice_ (viz., of publishing the debates in the House of +Commons) _which, &c., is not merely unprotected by law--it is positively +illegal_. Even the presence of auditors is a violation of the standing +orders of the House." + +ED. S. JACKSON. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_High Spirits considered a Presage of impending Calamity or Death_:-- + + 1. "How oft when men are at the point of death + Have they been merry! which their keepers call + A lightning before death." + +_Romeo and Juliet_, Act v. Sc. 3. + +2. "C'était le jour de Noel [1759]. Je m'étais levé d'assez bonne heure, +et avec une humeur plus gaie que de coutume. Dans les idées de vieille +femme, cela présage toujours quelque chose do triste.... Pour cette fois +pourtunt le hasard justifia la croyance."--_Mémoires de J. Casanova_, +vol. iii p. 29. + +3. "Upon Saturday last ... the Duke did rise up, in a well-disposed +humour, out of his bed, and cut a caper or two.... Lieutenant Felton +made a thrust with a common tenpenny knife, over Fryer's arm at the +Duke, which lighted so fatally, that he slit his heart in two, leaving +the knife sticking in the body."--_Death of Duke of Buckingham_; Howell. +_Fam. Letters_, Aug. 5, 1628. + +4. "On this fatal evening [Feb. 20, 1435], the revels of the court were +kept up to a late hour ... the prince himself appears to have been in +unusually gay and cheerful spirits. He even jested, if we may believe +the cotemporary manuscript, about a prophecy which had declared that a +king should that year be slain."--_Death of King James I_.; Tytler, +_Hist. Scotland_, vol. iii. p. 306. + +5. "'I think,' said the old gardener to one of the maids, 'the gauger's +_fie_;' by which word the common people express those violent spirits +which they think a presage of death."--_Guy Mannering_, chap. 9. + +6. "H.W.L." said: "I believe the bodies of the four persons seen by the +jury, were those of G.B., W.B., J.B., and T.B. On Friday night they were +all very merry, and Mrs. B. said she feared something would happen +before they went to bed, because they were so happy."--_Evidence given +at inquest on bodies of four persons killed by explosion of +firework-manufactory in Bermondsey_, Friday, Oct. 12, 1849. See _Times_, +Oct. 17, 1849. + +Nos. 1, 2, 5, 6, are evidently notices of the Belief; Nos. 3, 4, are +"what you will." Many of your correspondents may be able to supply +earlier and more curious illustrations. + +C. FORBES + +June 19. + + * * * * * + +THE HYDRO-INCUBATOR. + +Most, if not all, of your readers have heard of the newly-invented +machine for hatching and rearing in chickens, without the maternal aid +of the hen; probably many of them have paid a visit (and a _shilling_) +at No. 4. Leicester Square, where the incubator is to be seen in full +operation. The following extract will, therefore, be acceptable, as it +tends to show the truth of the inspired writer's words, "There is no new +thing under the sun:"-- + + "Therefore ... it were well we made our remarks in some + creatures, that might be continually in our power, to observe in + them the course of nature, every day and hour. Sir _John + Heydon_, the Lieutenant of his Majesties Ordnance (that generous + and knowing gentleman and consummate souldier, both in theory + and practice) was the first that instructed me how to do this, + by means of a furnace, so made as to imitate the warmth of a + sitting hen. In which you may lay several eggs to hatch and by + breaking them at several ages, you may distinctly observe every + hourly mutation in them, if you please. The first will be, that + on one side you shall find a great resplendent clearness in the + white. After a while, a little spot of red matter, like blood + will appear in the midst of that clearness, fast'ned to the + yolk, which will have a motion of opening and shutting, so as + sometimes you will see it, and straight again it will vanish + from your sight, and indeed, at first it is so little that you + cannot see it, but by the motion of it; for at every pulse, as + it opens you may see it, and immediately again it shuts, in such + sort as it is not to be discerned. From this red speck, after a + while, there will stream out a number of little (almost + imperceptible) red veins. At the end of some of which, in time, + there will be gathered together a knot of matter, which by + little and little will take the form of a head and you will, ere + long, begin to discern eyes and a beak in it. All this while the + first red spot of blood grows bigger and solider, till at length + it becomes {85} a fleshy substance, and, by its figure, may easily + be discern'd to be the heart; which as yet hath no other inclosure + but the substance of the egg. But by little and little, the rest + of the body of an animal is framed out of those red veins which + stream out all about from the heart. And in process of time, + that body encloses the heart within it by the chest, which grows + over on both sides, and in the end meets and closes itself fast + together. After which this little creature soon fills the shell, + by converting into several parts of itself all the substance of + the egg; and then growing weary of so strait a habitation, it + breaks prison and comes out a perfectly formed chicken."--Sir + Kenelm Digby's _Treatise of Bodies_, Ch. xxiv. p. 274. ed. 1669. + +Could Sir Kenelm return to the scenes of this upper world, and pay a +visit to Mr. Cantelo's machine, his shade might say with truthfulness, +what Horace Smith's mummy answered to his questioner,-- + + "--We men of yore + Were versed in all the knowledge you can mention." + +The operations of the two machines appear to be precisely the same: the +only difference being the Sir Kenelm's was an experimental one, made for +the purpose of investigating the process of nature; while Cantelo's, in +accordance with "the spirit of the iron time," is a practical one, made +for the purposes of utility and profit. Sir Kenelm's Treatise appears to +have been first published in the year 1644. + +HENRY KERSLEY. + +Corpus Christi Hall, Maidstone. + + * * * * * + +ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD "PARLIAMENT." + +It has been observed by a learned annotator on the _Commentaries of +Blackstone_, that, "no inconsiderable pains have been bestowed in +analysing the word 'Parliament;'" and after adducing several amusing +instances of the attempts that have been made (and those too by men of +the most recondite learning) to arrive at its true radical properties, +he concludes his remarks by observing that + + "'Parliament' imported originally nothing more than a council or + conference, and that the termination '_ment_,' in parliament, + has no more signification than it has in _impeachment_, + _engagement_, _imprisonment_, _hereditament_, and ten thouand + others of the same nature." + +He admits, however, that the civilians have, in deriving testament from +_testari mentem_, imparted a greater significance to the termination +"ment." Amidst such diversity of opinion, I am emboldened to offer a +solution of the word "Parliament," which, from its novelty alone, if +possessing no better qualification, may perhaps recommend itself to the +consideration of your readers. In my humble judgment, all former +etymologists of the word appear to have stumbled _in limine_, for I +would suggest that its compounds are "_palam_" and "_mens_." + +With the Romans there existed a law that in certain cases the verdict of +the jury might be given CLAM VEL PALAM, viz., _privily_ or _openly_, or +in other words, by _tablet_ or _ballot_, or by _voices_. Now as the +essence of a Parliament or council of the people was its representative +character, and as secrecy would be inconsistent with such a character, +it was doubtless a _sine quâ non_ that its proceedings should be +conducted "_palam_," in an open manner. The absence of the letter "_r_" +may possibly be objected to, but a moment's reflection will cast it into +the shade, the classical pronunciation of the word _palam_ being the +same as if spelt _PARlam_; and the illiterate state of this country when +the word Parliament was first introduced would easily account for a +_phonetic_ style of orthography. The words enumerated by Blackstone's +annotator are purely of English composition, and have no _correspondent_ +in the dead languages; whilst _testament_, _sacrament_, _parliament_, +and many others, are Latin words Anglicised by dropping the termination +"_um_"--a great distinction as regards the relative value of words, +which the learned annotator seems to have overlooked. "_Mentum_" is +doubtless the offspring of "_mens_", signifying the mind, thought, +deliberation, opinion; and as we find "_palam populo_" to mean "_in the +sight of the people_," so, without any great stretch of imagination, may +we interpret "_palam mente_" into "_freedom of thought or of +deliberation_" or "_an open expression of opinion_:" the essential +qualities of a representative system, and which our ancestors have been +careful to hand down to posterity in a word, viz., _Parliament_. + +FRANCISCUS. + + * * * * * + +"INCIDIS IN SCYLLAM, CUPIENS VITARE CHARYBDIM." + +I should be sorry to see this fine old _proverb in metaphor_ passed over +with no better notice than that which seems to have been assigned to it +in Boswell's _Johnson_. + +Erasmophilos, a correspondent of the _Gentleman's Magazine_ in 1774, +quotes a passage from Dr. Jortin's _Life of Erasmus_, vol. ii. p. 151., +which supplies the following particulars, viz.:-- + +1. That the line was first discovered by Galeottus Martius of Narni, +A.D. 1476. + +2. That it is in lib. v. 301. of the "Alexandreis," a poem in _ten_ +books, by Philippe Gualtier (commonly called "de Chatillon," though in +reality a native of Lille, in Flanders). + +3. That the context of the passage in which it occurs is as follows:-- + + "-- Quo tendis inertem + Rex periture, fugam? Nescis, heu perdite, nescis + Quem fugias: hostes incurris dum fugis hostem. + Incidis in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim." + +where the poet apostrophises Darius, who, while {86} flying from +Alexander, fell into the lands of Bessus. (See _Selections from Gent. +Mag_. vol. ii. p. 199. London, 1814.) + +C. FORBES. + +This celebrated Latin verse, which has become proverbial, has a very +obscure authority, probably not known to many of your readers. It is +from Gualtier de Lille, as has been remarked by Galeottus Martius and +Paquier in their researches. This Gualtier flourished in the thirteenth +century. The verse is extracted from a poem in ten books, called the +"Alexandriad," and it is the 301st of the 5th book; it relates to the +fate of Darius, who, flying from Alexander, fell into the hands of +Bessus. It runs thus:-- + + "-- Quo flectis inertem + Rex periture, fugam? Nescis, heu perdite, nescis, + Quem fugias; hostes incurris dum fugis hostem; + _Incidis in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim_" + +As honest JOHN BUNYAN, to his only bit of Latin which he quotes, places +a marginal note: "The Latin which I borrow,"--a very honest way; so I I +beg to say that I never saw this "Alexandriad," and that the above is an +excerpt from _Menagiana_, pub. 1715, edited by Bertrand de la Monnoie, +wherein may also be found much curious reading and research. + +JAMES H. FRISWELL. + + * * * * * + +A NOTE OF ADMIRATION! + +Sir Walter Scott, in a letter to Miss Johanna Baillie, dated October 12, +1825, (Lockhart's _Life of Sir W. S._, vol. vi. p. 82.), says,-- + + "I well intended to have written from Ireland, but alas! as some + stern old divine says, 'Hell is paved with good intentions.' + There was such a whirl of laking, and boating, and wondering, + and shouting, and laughing, and carousing--" [He alludes to his + visiting among the Westmoreland and Cumberland lakes on his way + home, especially] "so much to be seen, and so little time to see + it; so much to be heard, and only two ears to listen to twenty + voices, that upon the whole I grew desperate, and gave up all + thoughts of doing what was right and proper on post-days, and so + all my epistolary good intentions are gone to Macadamise, I + suppose, 'the burning marle' of the infernal regions." + +How easily a showy absurdity is substituted for a serious truth, and +taken for granted to be the right sense. Without having been there, I +may venture to affirm that "Hell is _not_ paved with good intentions, +such things being _all lost or dropt on the way_ by travellers who reach +that bourne;" for, where "Hope never comes," "good intentions" cannot +exist any more than they can be formed, since to fulfil them were +impossible. The authentic and emphatical figure in the saying is, "The +_road_ to hell is paved with good intentions;" and it was uttered by the +"stern old divine," whoever he might be, as a warning _not_ to let "good +intentions" miscarry for want of being realized at the time and upon the +spot. The moral, moreover, is manifestly this, that people may be going +to hell with "the best intentions in the world," substituting all the +while _well-meaning_ for _well-doing_. + +J.M.G + +Hallamshire. + + * * * * * + +THE EARL OF NORWICH AND HIS SON GEORGE LORD GORING. + +As in small matters accuracy is of vital consequence, let me correct a +mistake which I made, writing in a hurry, in my last communication about +the two Gorings (Vol. ii., p. 65.). The Earl of Norwich was not under +sentence of death, as is there stated, on January 8, 1649. He was then a +prisoner: he was not tried and sentenced till March.[2] + +The following notice of the son's quarrels with his brother cavaliers +occurs in a letter printed in Carte's bulky appendix to his bulky _Life +of the Duke of Ormond_. As this is an unread book, you may think it +worth while to print the passage, which is only confirmatory of +Clarendon's account of the younger Goring's proceedings in the West of +England in 1645. The letter is from Arthur Trevor to Ormond, and dated +Launceston, August 18, 1645. + + "Mr. Goring's army is broken and all his men in disorder. He + hates the council here, and I find plainly there is no love + lost; they fear he will seize on the Prince, and he, that they + will take him: what will follow hereupon may be foretold, + without the aid of the wise woman on the bank. Sir John + Colepeper was at Court lately to remove him, to the discontent + of many. In short, the war is at an end in the West; each one + looks for a ship, and nothing more. + + "Lord Digby and Mr. Goring are not friends; Prince Rupert yet + goes with Mr. Goring, but how long that will hold, I dare not + undertake, knowing both their constitutions." + +It will be observed that the writer of the letter, though a cavalier, +here calls him _Mr. Goring_, when as his father was created Earl of +Norwich in the previous year, he was _Lord Goring_ in cavalier +acceptation. + +He is indiscriminately called Mr. Goring and Lord Goring in passages of +letters by cavaliers relating to the campaign in the West of 1645, which +occur in Carte's _Collection of Letters_ (vol. i. pp. 59, 60. 81. 86.). + +A number of letters about the son, Lord Goring's proceedings in the West +in 1645 are printed in the third volume of Mr. Lister's _Life of Lord +Clarendon_. + +The Earl of Norwich's second son, Charles, who afterwards succeeded as +second earl, commanded a {87} brigade under his brother in the West in +1645. (Bulstrode's _Memoirs_, p. 142.; Carte's _Letters_, i. 116. 121.) + +Some account of the father, Earl of Norwich's operations against the +parliament in Essex in 1648, is given in a curious autobiography of +Arthur Wilson, the author of the _History of James I_., which is printed +in Peck's _Desiderata Curiosa_, book xi. part 5. Wilson was living at +the time in Essex. + +An interesting fragment of a letter from Goring the son to the Earl of +Dorset, written apparently as he was on the point of retiring into +France, and dated Pondesfred, January 26, 1646, is printed in Mr. Eliot +Warburton's _Memoirs of Prince Rupert_, iii. 215. + +Mr. Warburton, by the way, clearly confounds the father with the son +when he speaks of the Earl of Norwich's trial and reprieve (iii. 408.). +Three letters printed in Mr. W.'s second volume (pp. 172. 181, 182.), +and signed "Goring", are probably letters of the father's, but given by +Mr. Warburton to the son. + +I perceive also that Mr. Bell, the editor of the lately published +_Fairfax Correspondence_, has not avoided confusion between the father +and son. In the first volume of the correspondence relating to the civil +war (p. 281.), the editor says, under date January, 1646,-- + + "Lord Hopton in the meanwhile has been appointed to the command + in Cornwall, superseding Goring. Also has been sent off on + several negociations to France." + + Goring went off to France on his own account; his father was at that + time Charles I.'s ambassador at the court of France. + +I should like to know the year in which a letter of Goring the son's, +printed by Mr. Bell in vol. i. p. 23., was written, if it can be +ascertained. As printed, it is dated "Berwick, June 22." Is _Berwick_ +right? Is there a bath there? The letter is addressed to Sir Constantine +Huygens, and in it is this passage-- + + "I have now my lameness so much renewed that I cannot come to + clear myself; as soon as the bath has restored me to my + strength, I shall employ it in his Highness's service, if he + please to let me return into the same place of his favour that I + thought myself happy in before." + +I should expect that this letter was written from France after Goring's +abrupt retreat into that country. It is stated that the letter comes +from Mr. Bentley's collection. + +The Earl of Norwich was in Flanders in November 1569, and accompanied +the Dukes of York and Gloucester from Brussels to Breda. (Carte's +_Letters_, ii. 282.) + +CH. + +If the following account of the Goring family given by Banks (_Dormant +and Extinct Peerage_, vol. iii. p. 575.) is correct, it will appear that +the father and both his sons were styled at different times. "Lord +Goring," and that they may very easily be distinguished. + + "George Goring, of Hurstpierpont, Sussex, the son of George + Goring, and Anne his wife, sister to Edward Lord Denny, + afterwards Earl of Norwich, was created Baron Goring in the + fourth of Charles I., and in the xx'th of the same reign + advanced to the earldom of Norwich, which had become extinct by + the death of his maternal uncle above-mentioned, S.P.M. + + "He betrayed Portsmouth, of which he was governor, to the king, + and rendered him many other signal services. He married Mary, + one of the daughters of Edward Nevill, vi'th Baron of + Abergavenny, and had issue four daughters, and two sons, the + eldest of whom, George, was an eminent commander for Charles I., + and best _known as 'General Goring_,' and who, after the loss of + the crown to his royal master, retired to the Continent, and + served with credit as lieutenant-general to the King of Spain. + He married Lettice, daughter of Richard Earl of Cork, and died + abroad, S.P., in _the lifetime of his father_, who survived till + 1662, and was succeeded by _his only remaining son_, Charles + Lord Goring, and second Earl of Norwich, with whom, as he left + no issue by his wife, daughter of ---- Leman, and widow of Sir + Richard Beker, all his honours became extinct in 1672. He was + unquestionably the Lord Goring noticed by Pepys as returning to + England in 1660, and not the old peer his father, who, if + described by any title, would have been styled 'Earl of + Norwich.'" + +BRAYBROOKE. + +July 1, 1850. + +[Footnote 2: Let me also correct a misprint. Banks, the author of the +_Dormant and Extinct Perrage_, is misprinted Burke.] + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES + +JAMES CARKASSE'S LUCIDA INTERVALLA, AN ILLUSTRATION OF PEPYS' DIARY. + +I met lately with a quarto volume of poems printed at London in 1679, +entitled: + + "_Lucida Intevalla_ containing divers miscellaneous Poems + written at Finsbury and Bethlem, by the Doctor's Patient + Extraordinary." + +On the title-page was written in an old hand the native of the "patient +extraordinary" and author _James Carkasse_, and that of the "doctor" +_Thomas Allen_. A little reading convinced me that the writer was a very +fit subject for a lunatic asylum; but at page 5, I met with an allusion +to the celebrated Mr. Pepys, which I will beg to quote:-- + + "Get thee behind me then, dumb devil, begone, + The Lord hath eppthatha said to my tongue, + Him I must praise who open'd hath my lips, + Sent me from Navy, to the Ark, by Pepys; + By Mr. Pepys, who hath my rival been + For the Duke's[3] favour, more than years thirteen; + But I excluded, he high and fortunate, + This Secretary I could never mate; {88} + But Clerk of th' Acts, if I'm a parson, then + I shall prevail, the voice outdoes the pen; + Though in a gown, this challenge I may make, + And wager win, save if you can, your stake. + To th' Admiral I all submit, and vail--" + +The book from which I extract is _cropped_, so that the last line is +illegible. Can the noble editor of Pepys' _Diary_, or any of your +readers, inform me who and what was this Mr. James Carkasse? + +W.B.R. + +[Footnote 3: The Duke of York, afterwards James II.] + + * * * * * + + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Epigrams on the Universities_.--There are two clever epigrams on the +circumstance, I believe, of Charles I. sending a troop of horse to one +of the universities, about the same time that he presented some books to +the other. + +The sting of the first, if I recollect right, is directed against the +university to which the books were sent, the king-- + + "--right well discerning, + How much that loyal body wanted learning." + +The reply which this provoked, is an attack on the other university, the +innuendo being that the troops were sent there-- + + "Because that learned body wanted loyalty." + +I quote from memory. + +Can any of your readers, through the medium of your valuable paper, +favour me with the correct version of the epigrams, and with the +particular circumstances which gave rise to them? + +J. SWANN. + +Norwich. + +_Lammas Day_.--Why was the 1st of August called "Lammas Day?" Two +definitions are commonly given to the word "Lammas." 1. That it may mean +_Loaf-mass_. 2. That it may be a word having some allusion to St. Peter, +as the patron of _Lambs_. + +O'Halloran, however, in his _History of Ireland_, favours us with +another definition; upon the value of which I should be glad of the +opinion of some of your learned contributors. Speaking of Lughaidh, he +says:-- + + "From this prince the month of August was called Lughnas + (Lunas), from which the English adopted the name _Lammas_, for + the 1st day of August." + +J. SANSOM. + +_Mother Grey's Apples_.--At the time I was a little girl,--you will not, +I am sure, be ungallant enough to inquire when that was, when I tell you +I am now a woman,--I remember that the nursery maid, whose duty it was +to wait upon myself and sisters, invariably said, if she found us out of +temper--"So, so! young ladies, you are in the sulks, eh? Well, sulk +away; you'll be like 'Mother Grey's apples,' you'll be sure to come +round again." We often inquired, on the return of fine weather, who +Mother Grey was, and what were the peculiar circumstances of the apples +coming round?--questions, however, which were always evaded. Now, as the +servant was a Cambridge girl, and had a brother a _gyp_, or bedmaker, at +one of the colleges, besides her uncle keeping the tennis court there, I +have often thought there must have been some college legend or tradition +in Alma Mater, of Mother Grey and her apples. Will any of your learned +correspondents, should it happen to fall within their knowledge, take +pity on the natural curiosity of the sex, by furnishing its details? + +A.M. + +_Jewish Music_.--What was the precise character of the _Jewish music_, +both before and after David? And what variety of musical instruments had +the Jews? + +J. SANSOM + +_The Plant "Haemony_."--Can any of your readers furnish information of, +or reference to the plant _Haemony_, mentioned in Milton's _Comus_, l. +638.:-- + + "--a small unsightly root, + But of divine effect,... + The leaf was darkish, and had prickles on it, + But in another country, as he said, + _Bore a bright golden flower, but not in this soil:_ + --More medicinal is it than that Moly, + That Hermes once to wise Ulysses gave; + He called it _Haemony_, and gave it me, + And bade me keep it as of sov'reign use + 'Gainst all enchantments," &c. &c. + +The Moly that Hermes to Ulysses gave, is the wild garlick, [Greek: molu] +by some thought the wild rue. (_Odyss_. b. x. 1. 302.) It is the [Greek: +moluza] of Hippocrates, who recommends it to be eaten as an antidote +against drunkenness. But of _Haemony_ I have been unable to find any +reference among our ordinary medical authorities, Paulus Aeginata, +Celsus, Galen, or Dioscorides. A short note of reference would be very +instructive to many of the readers of Milton. + +J.M. BASHAM. + +17. Chester Street, Belgrave Square. + +_Ventriloquism_.--What evidence is there, that _ventriloquism_ was made +use of in the ancient oracles? Was the [Greek: pneuma puthonos] (Acts, +xvi. 16.) an example of the exercise of this art? Was the Witch of Endor +a ventriloquist? or what is meant by the word [Greek: eggastrimuthos] at +Isai. xix. 3., in the Septuagint? + +"Plutarch informs us," says Rollin (_Ancient History_, vol. i. p. 65.), +"that the god did not compose the verses of the oracle. He inflamed the +Pythia's imagination, and kindled in her soul that living light which +unveiled all futurity to her. The words she uttered in the heat of her +enthusiam, having neither method nor connection, and coming only by +starts, to use that expression [Greek: eggastrimuthos] from the bottom +of her stomach, or rather from her belly, were collected {89} with care +by the prophets, who gave them afterwards to the poets to be turned into +verse." + +If the Pythian priestess was really a ventriloquist, to what extent was +she conscious of the deception she practised? + +J. SANSOM. + +_Statue of French King, Epigram on_.--Can any of your readers inform me +who was the author of the following epigram, written on the occasion of +an equestrian statue of a French king attended by the Virtues being +erected in Paris:-- + + "O la belle statue! O le beau Piedestal! + Les Vertus sont à pied, le Vice est à cheval!" + +AUGUSTINE. + +_Lux Fiat_.--Who was the first Christian or Jewish writer by whom _lux +fiat_ was referred to the creation of the _angels_? + +J. SANSOM. + +_Hiring of Servants_.--At Maureuil, in the environs of Abbeville, a +practice has long existed of hiring servants in the market-place on +festival days. I have observed the same custom in various parts of +England, and particularly in the midland counties. Can any of your +correspondents inform me of the origin of this? + +W.J. + +Havre. + +_Book of Homilies_.--Burnet, in his _History of the Reformation in anno +1542_, says,-- + +"A Book of Homilies was printed, in which the Gospels and Epistles of +all the Sundays and Holidays of the year were set down with a _Homily to +every one of these_. To these were also added Sermons upon several +occasions, as for _Weddings_, _Christenings_, and _Funerals_." + +Can any learned clerk inform me where a copy of such Homilies can be +seen? + +B. + +_Collar of SS_.--Where can we find _much_ about the SS. collar? Is there +any list extant of persons who were honoured with that badge? + +B. + +_Rainbow_.--By what heathen poet is the _rainbow_ spoken of as "risus +plorantis Olympi?" + +J. SAMSON. + +_Passage in Lucan_.--What parallel passages are there to that of +_Lucan_:-- + + "Communis mundo superest rogus, ossibus astra + Misturus?" + +J. SAMSON. + +_William of Wykeham_.--Is there any better Life of William of Wykeham +than the very insufficient one of Bishop Lowth? + +What were the circumstances of the rise of William of Wykeham, +respecting which Lowth is so very scanty and unsatisfactory? + +Where did William of Wykeham get the wealth with which he built and +endowed New College, Oxon, and St. Mary's, Winchester; and rebuilt +Winchester Cathedral? + +What are the present incomes of New College, and St Mary's, Winchester? + +Is there a copy of the Statutes of these colleges in the British Museum, +or in any other public library? + +W.H.C. + +April 22, 1850. + +_Richard Baxter's Descendants_.--Can any of your correspondents inform +me of the whereabouts of the descendants of the celebrated Richard +Baxter? He was a Northamptonshire man, but I think his family removed +into some county in the west. + +W.H.B. + +_Passage in St. Peter_.--Besides the well-known passage in the +_Tempest_, what _Christian_ writers have used any kindred expression to +2 Pet. iii. 10.? + +J. SANSOM. + +8. Park Place, Oxford, June 1. 1850. + +_Juice-cups_.--Is it beneath the dignity of "NOTES AND QUERIES" to admit +an inquiry respecting the philosophy and real effect of placing an +inverted cup in a fruit pie? The question is not about the _object_, but +whether that object is, or can be, effected by the means employed. + +N.B. + +Derivation of "Yote" or "Yeot."--What is the derivation of the word +"yote" or "yeot," a term used in Glocestershire and Somersetshire, for +"leading in" iron work to stone? + +B. + +_Pedigree of Greene Family_.--At Vol. i., p. 200., reference is made to +"a fine Pedigree on vellum, of the Greene family, penes T. Wotton, Esq." + +Can any person inform me who now possesses the said pedigree, or is +there a copy of it which may be consulted? + +One John Greene, of Enfield, was clerk to the New River Company: he died +1705, and was buried at Enfield. He married Elizabeth Myddelton, +grand-daughter of Sir Hugh. I wish to find out the birth and parentage +of the said John Greene and shall be _thankful_, if I may say so much, +without adding too much to the length of my Query. + +H.T.E. + +_Family of Love_.--Referring to Dr. RIMBAULT'S communication on the +subject of this sect (Vol. ii., p. 49.), will you allow me to inquire +whether there is any evidence that its members deserved Fuller's severe +condemnation? Queen Elizabeth might consider them a "damnable sect," if +they were believed to hold heterodox opinions in religion and politics; +but were their lives or their writings immoral? + +N.B. + +_Sir Gammer Vans_.--Can any one give any account of a comic story about +one "_Sir Gammer Vans_," of whom, amongst other absurdities, it is said +"_that his aunt was a justice of peace, and his sister a captain of +horse_"? It is alluded to somewhere {90} in Swift's _Letters_ or +_Miscellanies_; and I was told by a person whose recollection, added to +my own, goes back near a hundred years, that it was supposed to be a +_political satire_, and may have been of Irish origin, as I think there +is some allusion to it in one of Goldsmith's plays or essays. + +C. + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES + +PUNISHMENT OF DEATH BY BURNING. + +Probably some of the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" will share in the +surprise expressed by E.S.S.W. (Vol. ii., p. 6.), yet many persons now +living must remember when spectacles such as he alludes to were by no +means uncommon. An examination of the newspapers and other periodicals +of the latter half of the eighteenth century would supply numerous +instances in which the punishment of strangling and burning was +inflicted; as well in cases of petit treason, for the murder of a +husband, as more frequently in cases of coining, which, as the law then +stood, was one species of high treason. I had collected a pretty long +list from the _Historical Chronicle_ in the earlier volumes of the +_Gentleman's Magazine_, but thought it scarcely of sufficient importance +to merit insertion in "NOTES AND QUERIES." Perhaps, however, the +following extracts may possess some interest: one as showing the manner +in which executions of this kind were latterly performed in London, and +the other as apparently furnishing an instance of later date than that +which Mr. Ross considers the last in which this barbarous punishment was +inflicted. The first occurs in the 56th vol. of the Magazine, Part 1. P. +524., under the date of the 21st June, 1786-- + + "This morning, the malefactors already mentioned were all + executed according to their sentence. About a quarter of an hour + after the platform had dropped, Phoebe Harris, the female + convict, was led by two officers to a stake about eleven feet + high, fixed in the ground, near the top of which was an inverted + curve made of irons, to which one end of a halter was tied. The + prisoner stood on a low stool, which, after the ordinary had + prayed with her a short time, was taken away, and she hung + suspended by the neck, her feet being scarcely more than twelve + or fourteen inches from the pavement. Soon after the signs of + life had ceased, two cartloads of faggots were placed round her + and set on fire; the flames soon burning the halter, she then + sunk a few inches, but was supported by an iron chain passed + over her chest and affixed to the stake." + +The crime for which this woman suffered was coining. Probably the method +of execution here related was adopted in consequence of the horrible +occurrence narrated by Mr. Ross. + +In vol. lix. of the same Magazine, Part 1. p. 272, under the date of the +_18th of March_, 1789, is an account of the executions of nine +malefactors at Newgate; and amongst them,-- + + "Christian Murphy, alias Bowman, for coining, was brought out + after the rest were turned off, and fixed to a stake, and burnt, + being first strangled by the stool being taken from under her." + +From the very slight difference in dates, I am inclined to think that +this is the same case with that alluded to by Mr. Ross. + +OLD BAILEY + +June 24, 1850. + + * * * * * + +TO GIVE A MAN HORNS. +(Vol. i. p. 383.) + +Your correspondent L.C. has started a most interesting inquiry, and your +readers must, I am sure, join with me in regretting that he should have +been so laconic in the third division of his Query; and have failed to +refer to, even if he did not quote, the passages from "late Greek," in +which "horns" are mentioned as a symbol of a husband's dishonor. The +earliest notice of this symbolical use of horns is, I believe, to be +found in the _Oneirocritica_ of Artemidorus, who lived during the reign +of Hadrian, A.D. 117-138: + +[Greek: "Pepi de ippon en to peri agonon logo proeiraeiai. Elege de tis +theasameno tini epi kriou kathaemenpo, kai pesonti ex autou ek ton +euprosthen, mnaesteuomeno de kai mellonti en autais tais haemerais tous +gamous epetelein, proeipein auto hoti hae gunae sou porneusei, kai kata +to legomenon, kerata soi poiaesei kai outos apethae, k.t.l."--Artem. +_Oneirocritica_, lib. ii, cap. 12.] + +See Menage, _Origines de la Langue Françoise_, Paris, 1650, in verb. +"Cornard." I have only seen Reiff's edition of Artemidorus, 8vo. Lipsiæ, +1805. His illustrations of the passage (far too numerous to be quoted) +seem to be curious, and likely to repay the reader for the trouble of +examination. His note commences with a reference to Olaus Borrichius, +_Antiqua Urb. Rom. facies_:-- + + "Alexander Magnus ....successores ejus..... in nummis omnes + cornuti quasi Jovii, honore utique manifesto, donee cornuum + decus in ludibria uxoriorum vertit somnorum interpres + Artimidorus." + +On which he observes,-- + + "Benè. Nam ante Artimidorium nullus, quod sciam, hujus scommatis + mentionem fecit. Quod enim Traug. Fred. Benedict. ad Ciceron. + _Epist. ad Div._ 7.24. ad voc. 'Cipius' conjecit, id paullo + audientus mihi videtur conjecisse." + +I have not succeeded in obtaining a sight of this edition of the +Epistles. And I should feel much obliged to any one who would quote the +"conjecture," and so enable your readers to gauge its "audacity" for +themselves. Is it not odd that Reiff should have made no remark on the +utter want of connection between the "honor manifestus," and the +"ludibria" of Olaus? or on the [Greek: kata to legomenon] of the author +that he was illustrating? {91} Artemidorus may certainly have been the +first who _recorded_ the _scomma_; but the words [Greek: kata to +legomenon] would almost justify us supposing that + + "--The horn + Was a crest ere he was born." + +Menage (referred to above) evidently lays some stress on the following +epigram, as an illustration of the question:-- + + [Greek: "Ostis eso purous katalambanei ouk agorazon, + Keinou Amaltheias hae gunae esti keras."] + +Parmenon. _Anthol._ lib. ii. + +But I confess that I am utterly unable to see its point and therefore +cannot, of course, trace its connection with the subject. Falstaff, it +is true, speaks of the "horn of abundance," but then he assigns it to +the husband, and makes the "lightness of the wife shine through it." +(_K. Henry IV._ Act i. Sc. 2., on which see Warburton's note.) + +C. FORBES. + +Temple, April 25. + +L.C. may find the following references of service to him in his inquiry +into the origin of this expression:--"Solanus ad Luc. D.M. 1. 2.; Jacobs +ad Lucill. Epigr. 9.; Belin. ad Lucian, t. iii. p. 326.; Huschk. _Anal._ +p. 168.; Lambec. ad Codin. § 126.; Nodell in _Diario Class._ t. x. p. +157.; Bayl. _Dict._ in Junone, not. E." Boissonade's note in his +_Anecdotae_, vol. iii. p. 140. + +J.E.B. MAYOR. + +Marlborough College. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES + +_Shipster_ (Vol. ii., p. 30.).--If C. B. will consult Dr. Latham's +_English Language_, 2nd ed., he will find that the termination _ster_ is +not merely a _notion_ of Tyrwhitt's, but a fact. Sempstress has a +_double_ feminine termination. _Spinster_ is the only word in the +present English which retains the old feminine meaning of the +termination _ster_. + +E.S. JACKSON. + + +_Three Dukes_ (Vol. ii., p. 9.).--I should like a more satisfactory +answer to this Query than that I given by C. (Vol. ii., p. 46.). I can +give the I names of _two_ of the Dukes (viz. Monmouth and Albermarle); +but who was the _third_, and where can a _detailed account_ of the +transaction be found? In Wades' _British History chronologically +arranged_, 3rd edit. p. 230, is the following paragraph under the date +of Feb. 28, 1671 (that is, 1670-1):-- + + "The Duke of Monmouth, who had contrived the outrage on + Coventry, in a drunken frolic with the young Duke of Albemarle + and others, deliberately kills a ward-beadle. Charles, to save + his son, pardoned all the murderers." + +The date given in the _State Poems_ is Sunday +morning, Feb. 26th, 1670-71. Mr. Lister, in his +_Life of Edward, Earl of Clarendon_ (vol. ii. p. 492.), +alludes to the affair:-- + + "The King's illegitimate son Monmouth, in company with the young + Duke of Albemarle and others, kills a watchman, who begs for + mercy, and the King pardons all the murderers." + +C.H. Cooper + +Cambridge, June 24, 1850. + + +_Bishops and their Precedence_ (Vol. ii., p. 9.).--I believe bishops +have their precedence because they are both _temporal_ and _spiritual_ +barons. Some I years ago, I took the following note from the +_Gentleman's Mag_. for a year between 1790 and 1800; I cannot say +positively what year (for I was very young at the time, and +unfortunately omitted to "note" it):-- + + "Every Bishop has a temporal barony annexed to his see. The + Bishop of Durham is Earl of Sudbury and Baron Evenwood; and the + Bishop of Norwich is Baron of Northwalsham." + +Query, where may the accounts of the respective baronies of the +bishoprics be found? + +HENRY KERSLEY. + + +_Why Moses represented with Horns_.--Your correspondent H.W. (Vol. i, p. +420.) refers the origin of what he calls the strange practice of making +Moses appear horned to a mistranslation in the Vulgate. I send you an +extract from Coleridge which suggests something more profound the such +an accidental cause; and explains the statement of Rosenmüller (p. +419.), that the Jews attributed horns to Moses "figuratively for +power:"-- + + "When I was at Rome, among many other visits to the tomb of + Julius II, I went thither once with a Prussian artist, a man of + great genius and vivacity of feeling. As we were gazing on + Michael Angelo's Moses, our conversation turned on the horns and + beard of that stupendous statue of the necessity of each to + support the other; of the superhuman effect of the former, and + the necessity if the existence of both to give a harmony and + _integrity_ both to the image and the feeling excited by it. + Conceive them removed, and the statue would become _un_natural + without being _super_natural. We called to mind the horns of the + rising sun, and I repeated the noble passage from Taylor's _Holy + Dying_. That horns were the emblem of power and sovereignty + among the Eastern nations; and are still retained as such in + Abyssinia; the Achelous of the ancient Greeks; and the probable + ideas and feelings that originally suggested the mixture of the + human and the brute form in the figure, by which they realised + the idea of their mysterious Pan, as representing intelligence + blended with a darker power, deeper, mightier, and more + universal than the conscious intellect of man; than + intelligence--all these thoughts passed in procession before our + minds."--Coleridge's _Biographia Literaria_, vol. ii. p. 127. + edit. 1817. {92} + +[The noble passage from Taylor's _Holy Dying_, which Coleridge +recreated, is subjoined.] + + "As when the sun approaches towards the gates of the morning, he + first opens a little eye of heaven, and sends away the spirits + of darkness, and gives light to a cock, and calls up the lark to + matins, and by and bye gilds the fringes of a cloud, and peeps + over the eastern hills, thrusting out his golden horns like + those which decked the brows of Moses, when he was forced to + wear a veil, because himself had seen the face of God; and + still, while a man tells the story, the sun gets up higher, till + he shows a fair face and a full light, and then he shines one + whole day, under a cloud often, and sometimes weeping great and + little showers, and sets quickly; so is a man's reason and his + life." + +--Jeremy Taylor's _Holy Dying_. + +C.K. + + +_Leicester and the reputed Poisoners of his Time_ (Vol. ii., p. +9.).--"The lady who had lost her hair and her nails," an account of whom +is requested by your correspondent H.C., was Lady Douglas, daughter of +William Lord Howard of Effingham, and widow of John Lord Sheffield. +Leicester was married to her after the death of his first wife Anne, +daughter and heir of Sir John Robsart, and had by her a son, the +celebrated Sir Robert Dudley, whose legitimacy, owing to his father's +disowning the marriage with Lady Sheffield, in order to wed Lady Essex, +was afterwards the subject of so much contention. On the publication of +this latter marriage, Lady Douglas, in order, it is said, to secure +herself from any future practices, had, from a dread of being made away +with by Leicester, united herself to Sir Edward Stafford, then +ambassador in France. Full particulars of this double marriage will be +found in Dugdale's _Antiquities of Warwickshire_. + +The extract from D'Israeli's _Amenities of Literature_ relates to +charges against Leicester, which will be found at large in _Leicester's +Commonwealth_, written by Parsons the Jesuit,--a work, however, which +must be received with great caution, from the author's well-known enmity +to the Earl of Leicester, and his hatred to the Puritans, who were +protected by that nobleman's powerful influence. + +W.J. + +Havre. + + +_New Edition of Milton_ (Vol. ii., p. 21.).--The Rev. J. Mitford, as I +have understood, is employed upon a new edition of Milton's works, both +prose and verse, to be published by Mr. Pickering. I may mention, by the +way, that the sentence from Strada, "Cupido gloriae, quae etiam +sapientibus novissima exuitur," which is quoted by Mr. Mitford on +Lycidas, Aldine edition, v. 71. ("Fame, that last infirmity of noble +minds"), is borrowed from Tacitus _Hist_. iv. 6. Compare _Athenæus_, xi. +15. § 116. p. 507. d., where Plato is represented as saying:-- + + "[Greek: Eschaton ton taes doxaes chitona en to thanato auto + apoduometha.]" + +Will you allow me to add, that the quotation from Seneca in Vol. i., p. +427. Of "NOTES AND QUERIES" is from the _Nat. Quaest. Proef_. + +J.E.B. MAYOR. + +Marlborough College, June 8. + + +_Christian Captives_ (Vol. i., p. 441.).--There is an unfortunate hiatus +in the accounts of this parish from 1642 to 1679, which prevents my +stating positively the amount of the collection here made; but in 1670, +Jan 1., there occurs the following:-- + + "Item. To Mr. Day for Copying ouer the fower parts that was + gathered in the parish for the Reliefe of Slaues in Algiears - - + - - 0 2 0" + +Mr. Day was curate of Ecclesfield at that time; and in another part of +the book there is, in his handwriting, a subscription list, which, +though only headed "Colected by hous Row for the ..." is more than +probably the copy referred to. From it the totals collected appear to +have been,-- + + _s_. _d_. +Ecclesfield 6 7-1/2 +Greno Firth 13 6 +Southey Soke 10 7 +Wadsley 4 6 + £1 15 2-1/2 + +The above are the four byerlaws, or divisions of the parish, and the +four churchwardens used separately to collect in their respective +byerlaws; and then a fair copy of the whole was made out by the curate +or schoolmaster. An ordinary collection in church, upon a brief, +averaged 7_s_. 6_d_. at this period. + +J. EASTWOOD. + +Ecclesfield. + + +_Borrowed Thoughts_ (Vol. i., p. 482.).--The number of "NOTES AND +QUERIES" here alluded to has unluckily not reached me; but in Vol. ii., +p. 30., I observe that your correspondent C., in correcting one error, +has inadvertently committed another. Monsieur de la Palisse is the hero +alluded to in the popular song which was written at the commencement of +the eighteenth century by Bernard de la Monnoye, upon the old ballad, +composed after the battle of Pavia, and commencing,-- + + "Hélas! La Palice est mort, + Il est mort devant Pavie; + Hélas! s'il n'estait pas mort, + Il serait encore en vie!" + +W.J. + +Havre. + + +_North Sides of Churchyards_ (Vol. ii., p. 55.).--A portion of many +churchyards is said to have been left unconsecrated, though not to be +used as playground for the youth of the parish, but for the burial of +excommunicated persons. This was {93} not, however, always on the north +side of the church, as is evident from the following extract from the +Register of Hart, Durham:-- + + "Dec. 17. 1596, Ellen Thompson, Fornicatrix (and then + excommunicated), was buried of Þe people in Þe chaer at the + entrance unto Þe Þeate or stile of Þe churchyard, on the east + thereof." + +Nor is the north side of the church always the less favourite part for +burial. I could name many instances where this is the only part used. + +The churchyard now within two hundred yards of me contains about an acre +of ground; the larger portion of which lies to the south of the church, +but has been very little used for sepulture till of late years, though +the churchyard is very ancient. Even now the poor have an objection to +bury their friends there. I believe the prejudice is always in favour of +the part next the town or village; that on the other side of the church +being generally called "the backside." + +I find various notices of excommunicated persons being very strangely +buried, and in extraordinary places, but I have not as yet met with any +act or injunction on the subject. If any of your readers can supply such +a document, it would be extremely interesting and useful. + +W.H.K. + +D.B. + + +_Monastery, Arrangement of one_ (Vol. i., p. 452.),--A.P.H., who +requests any information respecting the extent, arrangement, and uses of +a monastic building, has doubtless consulted Fosbroke's _British +Monachism_. + +W.J. + +Havre. + + +_Churchyards, Epitaphs_ (Vol. ii., p. 56.).--I beg to submit the +following observations in answer to the Queries under this head. + +Fairs, and also markets, were held in churchyards until put a stop to in +1285 by an enactment in the 13 Edw. I. c. 6:-- + + "E communde le rey e defend qe feire ne marche ne seient tenuz + en cimeter pur honur de seint eglise." + +Previous to the passing of this act, the king had forbidden the keeping +of Northampton fair in the church or churchyard of All Saints in that +town; and Bishop Grostête, following the monarch's example, had sent +instructions through the whole diocese of Lincoln, prohibiting fairs to +be kept in such sacred places. (See Burn's _Eccl. Law_, tit. "Church," +ed. 1788.) Fairs and markets were usually held on Sunday, until the 27 +Hen. VI. c. 5. ordered the discontinuing of this custom, with trifling +exceptions. Appended to the fourth Report of the Lincolnshire +Architectural Society is a paper by Mr. Bloxan on "Churchyard +Monuments," from which it appears that in the churchyards of Cumberland +and Cornwall, and in those of Wales, are several crosses, considered to +be as early as, if not earlier than, the twelfth century: that in the +churchyards of the Isle of Man are other crosses of various dates, from +the eighth to the twelfth century and that in some of the churchyards in +Kent, of which those of Chartham, Godmersham, and Godneston are +specified, there are remaining some of the most simple headstone crosses +that can be imagined, most of which the writer apprehends to be of the +twelfth or thirteenth century, though he adds, "there is no sufficient +reason why they should not be of later date." Several other instances +between the periods particularised are also given. The Report is not +published, but perhaps a copy might be obtained from the printer, W. +Edwards, Corn Market, Louth. See further the _Archaeological Journal_, +passim, and Mr. Cutt's work on _Sepulchral Crosses and Slabs_. The +privilege of sanctuary was taken from churchyards, as well as from all +other places, in 1623, by the 21 Jac. I. c. 28., which provides, + + "That no sanctuary or privilege of sanctuary shall be hereafter + admitted or allowed in any case" (sec. 7.). + +ARUN. + + +_Umbrella_ (Vol. i., p. 415; vol. ii., p. 25.).--Seeing that the Query +respecting this useful article of domestic economy has been +satisfactorily answered, may I be allowed to mention that umbrellas are +described by the ancients as marks of distinction. Pausanias and +Hesychius report that at Alea, a city of Arcadia, a feast called Scieria +was celebrated in honour of Bacchus, in which the statue of the rosy god +was carried in procession, crowned with vine leaves, and placed upon an +ornamental litter, in which was seated a young girl carrying an +umbrella, to indelicate the majesty of the god. On several bas-reliefs +from Persepolis, the king is represented under an umbrella, which a +female holds over his head. + +W.J. + +Havre. + + +_English Translations of Erasmus' "Encomium Moriae"_ (Vol. i., p. +385.).--Perhaps JARLZBERG, who seems interested in the various +translations of this admirable work, might like to know of a French +translation, with designs from Holbein, which I purchased some weeks ago +at a sale in a provincial French town. It is entitled _L'Eloge de la +Folie, composé en forme de Déclaration par Erasme, et traduit par Mr. +Guendeville, avec les Notes de Gerard Listre, et les belles Figures de +Holbein; le tout sur l'Oiginal de l'Academie de Bâle_. Amsterdam, chez +François l'Honore. 1735. + +W.J. + +Havre. + + +_Lady Slingsby_ (Vol. ii., p. 71.).--She was a professional actress, who +played under the name of _Mrs_. (probably _Miss_) _Mary Lee_, from about +1672 to 1680, after which date she is called _Lady_ {94} _Slingsby_, and +she played under this title for about five years, when she seems to have +quitted the stage. She survived her husband, for "Dame Mary Slingsby, +_widow_, of St. James's parish, was buried at Pancras, 1st of March, +1694." + +C. + + +_Meaning of "Bawn"_ (Vol. i., p. 60.).--The poet Campbell uses the word +_bawn_ as follows:-- + + "And fast and far, before the star + Of day-spring, rush'd we through the glade, + And saw at dawn the lofty _bawn_ + Of Castle-Connor fade." + +_O'Connor's Child_. + +ROBERT SNOW. + + +_Chantrey's Sleeping Children_ (Vol. ii., p. 70.)--Your correspondent +PLECTRUM is anxious to know on what grounds I attribute to Stothard any +part of the design of the monument in Lichfield Cathedral known as +Chantrey's "Sleeping Children?" I will endeavour to satisfy him. + +The design, suggested, as it were, by the very nature of the commission, +was communicated by Chantrey to Stothard with a request that he would +make for him two or three sketches of sleeping children, at his usual +price. What Stothard did, I have heard my father say, was very like the +monument as it now stands. The sketch from which Chantrey wrought was +given to me by my father a few months before his death, and is now +suspended on the wall of the room in which I write. + +It is a pencil-sketch, shaded with Indian ink, and is very Stothard-like +and beautiful. It wants, however, a certain sculptural grace, which +Chantrey gave with a master feeling; and it wants the snow-drops in the +hand of the younger sister,--a touch of poetic beauty suggested by my +father. + +The carver of the group (the person who copied it in marble) was the +late Mr. F.A. Legé, to whom the merit of the whole monument has been +foolishly ascribed. + +I should be sorry to impress the world with the belief that I mean in +any way to detract from the merit of Chantrey in making this statement. +I have divulged no secret. I have only endeavoured to explain what till +now has been too often misunderstood. + +PETER CUNNINGHAM. + +The following statement may perhaps give to PLECTRUM the information he +requires. + +Dining one day alone with Chantrey, in Jan. 1833, our conversation +accidentally turned upon some of his monuments, and amongst other things +he told me the circumstances connected with the monument at Lichfield to +the two children of Mrs. Robinson. As I was leaving Chantrey, I asked +him if I might write down what he had told me; his reply was, +"Certainly; indeed I rather wish you would." Before I went to bed I +wrote down what I now send you; I afterwards showed it to Chantrey, who +acknowledged it to be correct. It was hastily written, but I send it as +I wrote it at the time, without alteration. + +Nicholson, the drawing master, taught Mrs. Robinson and her two +children. Not long after the death of Mr. Robinson, the eldest child was +burnt to death; and a very short time afterwards the other child +sickened and died. Nicholson called on Chantrey and desired him to take +a cast of the child's face, as the mother wished to have some monument +of it. Chantrey immediately repaired to the house, made his cast, and +had a most affecting interview with the unhappy mother. She was desirous +of having a monument to be placed in Lichfield Cathedral, and wished to +know whether the cast just taken would enable Chantrey to make a +tolerable resemblance of her lost treasure. After reminding her how +uncertain all works of art were in that respect, he assured her he hoped +to be able to accomplish her wishes. She then conversed with him upon +the subject of the monument, of her distressed feelings at the +accumulated losses of her husband and her two children, in so short a +space of time; expatiated upon their characters, and her great +affection; and dwelt much upon her feelings when, before she retired to +bed, she had usually contemplated them when she hung over them locked in +each other's arms asleep. While she dwelt upon these recollections, it +occurred to Chantrey that the representation of this scene would be the +most appropriate monument; and as soon as he arrived at home he made a +small model of the two children, nearly as they were afterwards +executed, and as they were universally admired. As Mrs. Robinson wished +to see a drawing of the design, Chantrey called upon Stothard, and +employed him to make the requisite drawing from the small model: this +was done; and from this circumstance originated the story, from those +envious of Chantrey's rising fame, that he was indebted to Stothard for +all the merit of the original design. + +EDW. HAWKINS + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANIES. + +_Separation of the Sexes in Time of Divine Service_.--I note with +pleasure that traces of this ancient usage still exist in parts of +Sussex. In Poling Church, and also in Arundel Church, the movable Seats +are marked with the letters M. and W. respectively, according as they +are assigned to the men or women. On the first Sunday in the year I +attended service in Arundel Church, and observed, with respect to the +benches which were placed in the middle of the nave for the use of the +poorer classes, that the women as they entered proceeded to those at the +eastern end, which were left vacant for them, whilst the men by +themselves {95} occupied those at the western end. The existence of a +distinction of this kind in regard to the open seats only, affords +strong proof, if proof were necessary, that it was the introduction of +appropriated pews which led to the disuse of else long established, and +once general, custom of the men occupying the south side of the nave, +and the women the north. + +B.H.B. + + +_Error in Winstanley's Loyal Martyrology_.--Winstanley, in _The Loyall +Martyrology_ (London, printed by Thomas Mabb, 1665), p. 67., says of +Master Gerard, the author of that elaborate herbal which bears his +name--"This gallant gentleman, renowned for arts and arms, was likewise +at the storming of that (Basing) House unfortunately slain." According +to Johnson, who edited his Herbal in 1633, Gerard was born at Namptwich, +in Cheshire, in the year 1545; and died about 1607. Basing House was +stormed Oct. 1645: had Gerard served there, he would have been 100 years +old. It appears that Winstanley has confounded Gerard with his editor +Thomas Johnson above mentioned, who was killed during the siege of +Basing House, anno 1644. (See Fuller's _Worthies_, vol. iii. p. 422. +edit. 1840. London.) + +E.N.W. + + +_Preaching in Nave only.--Prayers and Preaching distinct Services_--In +Ely Cathedral the old and proper custom of sermons being delivered in +the nave only is still maintained. And this observance has doubtless led +to the continuance of another, which is a sufficient answer to those who +object to the length of our service, as it shows that formerly in +practice, as still in principle, prayers and preaching were distinct +services. In the morning of Sunday there is no sermon in either of the +parish churches in Ely, but prayers only; and those of the respective +congregations who wish to hear a sermon remove to the cathedral, where +they are joined by the ecclesiastics and others who have "been to +choir". Consequently, any one may "go to sermon" (I use the language of +the place) without having been to prayers, or to prayers in one of the +parish churches, or the choir, without necessarily hearing the sermon. + +I think it would be very interesting, if your widely scattered +correspondents would from time to time communicate in your columns such +instances of any variation from the now usual mode of celebrating divine +service as may fall under their _personal_ observation. + +B.H.B. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, &c. + +It has been frequently, more frequently, perhaps than justly, objected +to the Shakspeare Society, that few of its publications bear directly +upon the illustration of the works of the great dramatist. That the +Council would gladly publish works more immediately in connection with +Shakspeare and his writings, if the materials for them could be found, +is proved by the fact of their having just published the _Remarks of +Karl Simrock on the Plots of Shakspeare's Plays_, which that gentleman, +whose name is honoured by all lovers of early German poetry and romance, +appended to the third volume of the _Quellen der Shakspeare_, a +collection of Novels, Tales, &c., illustrative of Shakspeare, which +Simrock collected and translated in conjunction with Echtermeyer and +Henschel, and which somewhat resembles Mr. Collier's _Shakspeare's +Library_. The translation of these remarks, made for the Society, was +placed in the hands of Mr. Halliwell, and forms, with the notes and +additions of that gentleman, a volume containing much new and curious +information upon a very interesting point in Shakspearian literature. + +Messrs. Sotheby and Co., of Wellington Street, will sell on Monday, July +8th, and six following days, a very Choice Cabinet of Coins and Medals, +the property of a Nobleman; and on Monday, July 15th, and five following +days, an extensive Assemblage of Historical, Theological, and +Miscellaneous Books. + +Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, of 191. Piccadilly, announce a Sale of +Splendid Engravings by British and Foreign Artists on Monday next. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--William Nield's (46. +Burlington Arcade) Catalogue No. 3. of Very Cheap Books; Edward Stibbs' +(331. Strand) Select Catalogue of a Collection of Books just purchased +from a celebrated literary character. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +(In continuation of Lists in former Nos.) + +DRAYTON'S POLYOLBION. (A perfect copy of any edition.) + +PULEYN'S ETYMOLOGICAL COMPENDIUM. + +Odd volumes. + +INGLIS'S IRELAND. Vol. II. + +Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES", 186. Fleet street. + + * * * * * + +Notices to Correspondents + +VOLUME THE FIRST, _Complete with Index, may now be had, price 9_s_. +6_d_., bound in cloth_. THE INDEX, _published last week, is, we trust, +sufficiently full to satisfy to the utmost the wishes of our +Subscribers. We feel that, if called upon at any time to establish the +utility of_ NOTES AND QUERIES, _we may confidently point to the Index as +a proof that the Literary Inquirer, be his particular branch of Study +what it may, will not search in vain in our pages for valuable Notes and +Illustrations of it. + +Answers to several correspondents in our next_. + +Errata. No. 34. p. 60., for "D_o_lort" read "D_e_lort," and for +"Triar_mum_" , read "Triar_num_". No. 35. p. 75. in the article on +"Carucate of Land" for "acre", read "acras", and for "B_oe_julia", read +"B_a_julia". The articles "God Save the Queen," p. 71., and "Royal and +Distinguished Interments", p. 79., should have been subscripted "F.K." +instead of "J.H.M." {96} + + * * * * * + +THE EDINBURGH REVIEW, +No. CLXXXV., will be Published on WEDNESDAY next, +July 10th. + +CONTENTS: + +1. QUETELET ON PROBABILITIES. + +2. MERIVALE'S HISTORY OF ROME UNDER THE +EMPIRE. + +3. CHURCH AND STATE EDUCATION + +4. MÉRIMÉE'S HISTORY OF PEDRO THE CRUEL. + +5. BLACKIE'S AESCHYLUS. + +6. GOETHE'S FESTIVAL. + +7. GUIZOT ON THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION. + +8. THE AFRICAN SQUADRON. + +9. THE GORHAM CONTROVERSY. + +London: LONGMAN AND CO. Edinburgh: A. AND C. BLACK. + + * * * * * + +Now ready, Octavo Edition. plain, 15_s_.; Quarto Edition, having the +Plates of the Tesselated Pavements all coloured, 1_l_. 5_s_. + +Remains of Roman art, in Cirencester, the Site of Ancient Corinium: +containing Plates by De la Motte, of the magnificient Tesselated +Pavements discovered in August and September, 1849, with copies of the +grand Heads of Ceres, Flora, and Pamona; reduced by the Talootype from +facsimile tracings of the original; together with various other plates +and numerous wood engravings. + +In the Quarto edition the folding of the plates necessary for the +smaller volume is avoided. + +London: GEORGE BELL. Cirencester: Bailey and Jones. Norwich: C. Muskett. +Plymouth: R. Lidstone. Reading: George Lovejoy. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, + +A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS + +IN VARIOUS LANGUAGES, + +Among which will be found many of the Works of the FATHERS, +ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, LITURGICAL Works, COUNCILS, THEOLOGY and CANON +LAW and a Selection of many very rare Spanish Books: + +Offered for Sale at the prices affixed (for Cash) + +BY CHARLES DOLMAN, 61. NEW BOND STREET. + +***Among other important Works are the following:-- + +123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789072 + £ s. d. +ALBERTI MAGNI Opera Omnia, Studio et Labore P. +Jammy, 21 vols. folio, vellum, only 12 12 0 +AMROSII Opera, Ed. Benedictina, 2 vols. folio, large paper 6 16 6 +ARNAUD, Antoine, Oeuvres Complettes, 49 vols. in 44, +4to., only 7 7 0 +ATHANASII Opera Omnia, Editio Benedictina, 1698, +5 vols. folio, fine copy, calf, gilt 14 14 0 +AUGUSTINI Opera Omnia, Editio Benedictina, 1700, 12 +vols. in 9, folio 11 11 0 +BEDAE Opera Omnia, 8 vols. in 5, folio 2 16 0 +BIBLIOTHECA Veterum Patrum, De la Bigne Collecta, +12 vols. in 9, folio 5 5 0 +BOLLANDII ACTA SANCTORUM, 43 vols. folio, vellum, +Venice, 1734-70, only 25 10 0 +BULLARIUM ROMANUM, Ed. C. Coquelines, &c., 32 vols. +folio, only 22 10 0 +CHRYSOSTOMI Opera Omnia 13 vols. folio, 1734 14 14 0 +DECISIONES Rotae Romanae Recentiores, 24 vols. folio 6 6 0 +EPHRAEM SYRI Opera Omnia, 6 vols, folio 6 16 6 +GALLIA CHRISTIANA, Opera D. Samarthani, 13 vols. +folio 14 14 0 +HIERONYMI Opera Omnia, Ed. D Vallarsii, 11 vols. +folio 14 14 0 +LE QUIEN, Oriens Christianus, 3 vols. folio 7 7 0 +MENOLOGIUM Graecorum, 3 vols folio 3 10 0 +ORIGENIS Opera Omnia, Ed. De la Rue, 4 vols. folio 12 12 0 + +N.B. The Catalogue will be forwarded Free by post, on receipt of two +postage stamps. + + * * * * * + +Now Publishing, The Churches of the Middle Ages. By HENRY BOWMAN and +JOSEPH S. CROWTHERS, Architects, Manchester. To be completed in Twenty +Parts, each containing Six Plates, Imperial Folio. Issued at intervals +of two months. Price per Part to Subscribers. Proofs, large paper, +10_s_. 6_d_.; Tinted, small paper, 9_s_.; Plain, 7_s_. 6_d_. Parts 1 to +8 are now published, and contain illustrations of Ewerby Church, +Lincolnshire; Temple Balsall Chapel, Warwickshire; and Heckington +Church, Lincolnshire. + +"Ewerby is a magnificent specimen of a Flowing Middle-Pointed Church. It +is most perfectly measured and described: one can follow the most +recondite beauties of the construction, mouldings and joints, in these +Plates, almost as well as in the original structure. Such a monograph as +this will be of incalculable value to the architects of our Colonies or +the United States, who have no means of access to ancient churches. The +Plates are on stone done with remarkable skill and distinctness. Of +Heckington we can only say that the perspective view from the south-east +presents a very vision of beauty; we can hardly conceive anything more +perfect. We heartily recommend this series to all who are able to +patronize it." --_Ecclesiologist_ Oct. 1849. + +London. GEORGE BELL., 186. Fleet Street + + * * * * * + +THE PRIMAEVAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND ILLUSTRATED BY THOSE OF DENMARK. + +The Primaeval Antiquities of Denmark. By J.J.A. WORSAAE. Member of the +Royal Society of Antiquaries of Copenhagen. Translated and applied to +the illustration of similar Remains in England, by WILLIAM J. THOMS, +F.S.A., Secretary of the Camden Society. With numerous Woodcuts. 8vo. +10_s_. 6_d_. + +"The best antiquarian handbook we have ever met with--so clear is the +arrangement, and so well and so plainly is each subject illustrated by +well-executed engravings.... It is the joint production of two men who +have already distinguished themselves as authors and +antiquarians."--_Morning Herald._ + +"A book of remarkable interest and ability.... Mr. Worsaae's book is in +all ways a valuable addition to our literature.... Mr. Thoms has +executed the translation in flowing and idiomatic English, and has +appended many curious and interesting notes and observations of his +own."--_Guardian._ + +"The work, which we desire to commend to the attention of our readers, +is signally interesting to the British antiquary. Highly interesting and +important work."--_Archaeological Journal._ + +See also the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for February 1850. + +Oxford: JOHN HENRY PARKER, and 337. Strand. London + + * * * * * + +Preparing for publication, in 2 vols. small 8vo. + +The Folk-Lore of England. By WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary of the +Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays and Legends of +all Nations." &c. One object of the present work is to furnish new +contributions to the History of our National Folk-Lore; and especially +some of the more striking illustrations of the subject to be found in +the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental Antiquaries. + +Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable Customs and +Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are earnestly solicited, and +will be thankfully acknowledged by the Editor. They may be addressed to +the care of MR. BELL, Office of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Vols. I. and II. 8vo., price 28_s_. cloth. + +The Judges of England; from the TIME of the CONQUEST. By EDWARD FOSS, +F.S.A. + +"A work in which a subject of great historical importance is treated +with the care, diligence, and learning it deserves; in which Mr. Foss +has brought to light many points previously unknown, corrected many +errors, and shown such ample knowledge of his subject as to conduct it +successfully through all the intricacies of a difficult investigation, +and such taste and judgement as will enable him to quit, when occasion +requires, the dry details of a professional inquiry, and to impart to +his work, as he proceeds, the grace and dignity of a philosophical +history."--_Gent. Mag._ + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN and LONGMAN. + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, In the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, July 6, 1850. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 36. Saturday, +July 6, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 36. *** + +***** This file should be named 13361-8.txt or 13361-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/3/3/6/13361/ + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team and The Internet Library of Early Journals, + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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Saturday, July 6, +1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries, No. 36. Saturday, July 6, 1850 + A Medium Of Inter-Communication For Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc. + + +Author: Various + +Release Date: September 3, 2004 [EBook #13361] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 36. *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team and The Internet Library of Early Journals, + + + + + + +</pre> + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page81" name="page81"></a>{81}</span> +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> +<hr class="full" /> +<table summary="masthead" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td align="left" width="25%"><b>No. 36.</b></td> +<td align="center" width="50%"><b>SATURDAY, JULY 6, 1850</b></td> +<td align="right" width="25%"><b>Price Threepence.<br /> +Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>CONTENTS</h2> +<table summary="^Contents" align="center"> +<tr> +<td align="left">NOTES:—</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Further Notes on Derivation of the Word "News", by +Samuel Hickson</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page81">81</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">More Borrowed Thoughts, by S. W. Singer</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page82">82</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Strangers in the House of Commons, by C. Ross</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page83">83</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Folk Lore:—High Spirits considered a Presage +of impending Calamity, by C Forbes</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page84">84</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">The Hydro-Incubator, by H. Kersley</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page84">84</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Etymology of the Word "Parliament"</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page85">85</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">"Incidis in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim," by +C. Forbes and T. H. Friswell</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page85">85</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">A Note of Admiration!</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page86">86</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">The Earl of Norwich and his Son George Lord +Goring, by CH. and Lord Braybooke</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page86">86</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">QUERIES:—</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">James Carkasse's Lucida Intervalla</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page87">87</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Queries:—Epigrams on the +Universities—Lammas'Day—Mother Grey's +Apples—Jewish Music—The Plant +"Haemony"—Ventriloquism—Epigram on Statue of French +King—Lux fiat-Hiring of Servants—Book of +Homilies—Collar of SS.—Rainbow—Passage in +Lucan—William of Wykeham—Richard Baxter's +Descendants—Passage in St. +Peter—Juicecups—Derivation of "Yote" or +"Yeot"—Pedigree of Greene Family—Family of +Love—Sir Gammer Vans</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page87">87</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">REPLIES:—</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Punishment of Death by Burning</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page90">90</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">To give a Man Horns, by C. Forbes and J.E.B. +Mayor</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page90">90</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Replies to Minor +Queries:—Shipster—Three Dukes—Bishops and their +Precedence—Why Moses represented with Horns—Leicester +and the reputed Poisoners of his Time—New Edition of +Milton—Christian Captives—Borrowed Thoughts—North +Sides of +Churchyards—Monastery—Churchyards—Epitaphs—Umbrellas—English +Translations of Erasmus—Chantrey's Sleeping Children, & +c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page91">91</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MISCELLANIES:—</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Separation of the Sexes in Time of Divine +Service—Error in Winstanley's Loyal +Martyrology—Preaching in Nave only</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page94">94</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MISCELLANEOUS:—</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, Sales, & +c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page95">95</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Books and Odd Volumes Wanted</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page95">95</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notices to Correspondents</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page95">95</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Advertisements</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page96">96</a></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>NOTES</h2> +<h3>FURTHER NOTES ON DERIVATION OF THE WORD "NEWS".</h3> +<p>Without being what the Germans would call a <i>purist</i>, I +cannot deem it an object of secondary importance to defend the +principles of the law and constitution of the English language. For +the adoption of words we have no rule; and we act just as our +convenience or necessity dictates: but in their formation we must +strictly conform to the laws we find established. Your +correspondents C.B. and A.E.B. (Vol. ii., p. 23.) seem to me +strangely to misconceive the real point at issue between us. To a +question by the latter, why I should attempt to derive "News" +indirectly from a German adjective, I answer, because in its +transformation into a German noun declined as an adjective, it +gives the form which I contend no English process will give. The +rule your correspondents deduce from this, neither of them, it +appears, can understand. As I am not certain that their deduction +is a correct one, I beg to express it in my own words as +follows:—There is no such process known to the English +language as the formation of a noun-singular out of an adjective by +the addition of "<i>s</i>": neither is there any process known by +which a noun-plural can be formed from an adjective, without the +previous formation of the singular in the same sense; except in +such cases as "the rich, the poor, the noble," &c., where the +singular form is used in a plural sense. C.B. instances "goods, the +shallows, blacks, for mourning, greens." To the first of these I +have already referred; "shallow" is unquestionably a noun-singular; +and to the remaining instances the following remarks will +apply.</p> +<p>As it should be understood that my argument applies solely to +the <i>English</i> language, I think I might fairly take exception +to a string of instances with which A.E.B. endeavours to refute me +from a vocabulary of a language very expressive, no doubt, yet +commonly called "slang". The words in question are not English: I +never use them myself, nor do I recognise the right or necessity +for any one else to do so; and I might, indeed, deem this a +sufficient answer. But the fact is that the language in some degree +is losing its instincts, and liberties are taken with it now that +it would not have allowed in its younger days. Have we not seen +participial adjectives made from nouns? I shall therefore waive my +objection, and answer by saying that there is no analogy between +the instances given and the case in point. They are, one and all, +elliptical expressions signifying "black clothes, green vegetables, +tight pantaloons, heavy dragoons, odd chances," &c. "Blacks" +and "whites" are not in point, the singular of either being quite +as admissible as the plural. The rule, if it be worth while to lay +down a rule for the formation of such vulgarisms, appears +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page82" id="page82"></a>{82}</span> +to be that characteristic adjective, in constant conjunction with a +noun in common use, may be used alone, the noun being understood. +Custom has limited in some measure the use of these abridged titles +to classes or collective bodies, and the adjective takes the same +form that the noun itself would have had; but, in point of fact, it +would be just as good English to say "a heavy" as "the heavies" and +they all become unintelligible when we lose sight of the noun to +which they belong. If A.E.B. should assert that a glass of "cold +without," <i>because</i>, by those accustomed to indulge in such +potations, it was understood to mean "brandy and <i>cold</i> water, +<i>without</i> sugar," was really a draught from some "well of +purest English undefil'd," the confusion of ideas could not be more +complete.</p> +<p>Indeed, I very much doubt whether our word "News" contains the +idea of "new" at all. It is used with us to mean intelligence and +the phrases, "Is there any thing new?" and "Is there any news?" +present, in my opinion, two totally distinct ideas to the English +mind in its ordinary mechanical action. "Intelligence" is not +necessarily "new", nor indeed is "News:" in the oldest dictionary I +possess, Baret's <i>Alvearie</i>, 1573, I find "Olde newes or stale +newes." A.E.B. is very positive that "news" is plural, and he cites +the "Cardinal of York" to prove it. All that I can say is, that I +think the Cardinal of York was wrong: and A.E.B. thought so too, +when his object was not to confound me, as may be seen by his own +practice in bloc concluding paragraph of his +communication:—"The <i>newes</i> WAS of the victory," &c. +The word "means," on the other hand, is beyond all dispute plural. +What says Shakspeare?</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Yet nature is made letter by no mean</p> +<p>But nature makes that mean."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The plural was formed by the addition of "<i>s</i>:" yet from +the infrequent use of the word except in the plural, the singular +form has become obsolete, and the same form applies now to both +numbers. Those who would apply this reasoning to "News," forget +that there is the slight difficulty of the absence of the +<i>noun</i> "new" to start from.</p> +<p>I do not feel bound to furnish proof of so obvious a fact, that +many of the most striking similarities in language are mere +coincidences. Words derived from the same root, and retaining the +same meaning, frequently present the most dissimilar appearance, as +"evêque" and "bishop;" and the most distant roots frequently +meet in the same word. When your correspondents, therefore, remind +me that there is a French word, <i>noise</i>, I must remind them +that it contains not one element of our English word. Richardson +gives the French word, but evidently discards it, preferring the +immediate derivation from "<i>noy</i>, that which noies or annoys." +I confess I do not understand his argument; but it was referring to +this that I said that our only known process would make a plural +noun of it. I have an impression that I have met with "annoys" used +by poetical license for "annoyances."</p> +<p>"Noise" has never been used in the sense of the French word in +this country. If derived immediately from the French, it is hardly +probable that it should so entirely have lost every particle of its +original meaning. With us it is either <i>a loud sound</i>, or +<i>fame, report, rumour</i>, being in this sense rendered in the +Latin by the same two words, <i>fama, rumor</i>, as News. The +former sense is strictly consequential to the latter, which I +believe to be the original signification, as shown in its use in +the following passages:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"At the same time it was noised abroad in the realme"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p><i>Holinshed</i>.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Cleopatra, catching but the least noise of this, dies</p> +<p>instantly.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p><i>Ant. and Cleo.</i>, Act i. Sc. 2.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Cre</i>. What was his cause of anger?</p> +<p><i>Ser</i>. The noise goes, this.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p><i>Troil. and Cres.</i>, Act. i. Sc. 2.</p> +<p>Whether I or your correspondents be right, will remain perhaps +for ever doubtful; but the flight that can discover a relationship +between this word and another pronounced<a id="footnotetag1" name= +"footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> as nearly +the same as the two languages will admit of, and which gives at all +events one sense, if not, as I think, the primary one, is scarcely +so eccentric as that which finds the origin of a word signifying a +loud sound, and fame, or rumor, in "nisus"; not even +<i>struggle</i>, in the sense of <i>contention</i>, an endeavour an +effort, a strain.</p> +<p class="author">SAMUEL HICKSON.</p> +<p>St. John's Wood, June 15, 1850.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1" name= +"footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag1">(return)</a> +<p>I do not think it necessary, here, to defend my pronunciation of +German; the expressions I now use being sufficient for the purpose +of my argument. I passed over CH.'s observation on this subject, +because it did not appear to me to touch the question.</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<h3>MORE BORROWED THOUGHTS.</h3> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>O many are the poets that are sown</p> +<p>By nature men endowed with highest gifts,</p> +<p>The vision and the facility divine,</p> +<p>Yet wanting the accomplishment of verse,</p> +<p>Nor having e'er, as life advanced, been led</p> +<p>by circumstance to take the height,</p> +<p>The measure of themselves, &c.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">Wordsworth's <i>Excursion</i>, B. i.</p> +<p>This admired passage has its prototype in the following from the +<i>Lettere di Battista Guarini</i>, who points to a thought of +similar kind in Dante:—</p> +<p>"O quante nolili ingegni si perdono che riuscerebbe mirabili [in +poesia] se dal seguir le inchinazione loro non fossero, ò +dà loro appetiti ò da i Padri loro sviati."</p> +<p>Coleridge, in his <i>Bibliographia Literaria</i>, 1st ed., vol. +i. p. 28., relates a story of some one who desired <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page83" id="page83"></a>{83}</span> to be +introduced to him, but hesitated because he asserted that he had +written an epigram on "The Ancient Mariner," which Coleridge had +himself written and inserted in <i>The Morning Post</i>, to this +effect:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Your poem must eternal be</p> +<p>Dear Sir! it cannot fail;</p> +<p>For 'tis incomprehensible,</p> +<p>And without head or tail."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>This was, however, only a Gadshill robbery,—stealing +stolen goods. The following epigram is said to be by Mr. Hole, in a +MS. collection made by Spence (penes me), and it appeared first in +print in <i>Terræ Filius</i>, from whence Dr. Salter copied +it in his <i>Confusion worse Confounded</i>, p. 88:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Thy verses are eternal, O my friend!</p> +<p>For he who reads them, reads them to no end."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>In <i>The Crypt</i>, a periodical published by the late Rev. P. +Hall, vol. i. p. 30., I find the following attributed to Coleridge, +but I know not on what authority, as it does not appear among his +collected poems:—</p> +<p>JOB'S LUCK, BY S. T. COLERIDGE, ESQ.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2">"Sly Beelzebub took all occasions</p> +<p class="i2">To try Job's constancy and patience;</p> +<p class="i2">He took his honours, took his health,</p> +<p class="i2">He took his children, took his wealth,</p> +<p class="i2">His camels, horses, asses, cows,—</p> +<p>Still the sly devil did not take his spouse.</p> +<p class="i2">"But heav'n, that brings out good from evil,</p> +<p class="i2">And likes to disappoint the devil,</p> +<p class="i2">Had predetermined to restore</p> +<p class="i2">Two-fold of all Job had before,</p> +<p class="i2">His children, camels, asses, cows,—</p> +<p>Short-sighted devil, not to take his spouse."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>This is merely an amplified version of the 199th epigram of the +3d Book of Owen:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Divitias Jobo, sobolemque, ipsamque salutem</p> +<p class="i2">Abstulit (hoc Domino non prohibens) Satan.</p> +<p>Omnibus ablatis, miserò, tamen una superstes,</p> +<p class="i2">Quae magis afflictum redderet, uxor erat."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Of this there are several imitations in French, three of which +are given in the <i>Epigrammes Choisies d'Owen</i>, par M. de +Kerivalant, published by Labouisse at Lyons in 1819.</p> +<p class="author">S.W. SINGER.</p> +<p>Mickleham, 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>STRANGERS IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.</h3> +<h4>(Vol. ii., p. 17.)</h4> +<p>As far as my observation extends, <i>i.e.</i> the last +thirty-one years, no alteration has taken place in the practice of +the House of Commons with respect to the admission of strangers. In +1844 the House adopted the usual sessional order regarding +strangers, which I transcribe, inserting within brackets the only +material words added by Mr. Christie in 1845:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"That the Serjeant-at-Arms attending this house do, from time to +time, take into his custody any stranger or strangers that he shall +see or be informed of to be in the house or gallery [appropriated +to the members of this house, and also any stranger who, having +been admitted into any other part of the house or gallery, shall +misconduct himself, or shall not withdraw when strangers are +directed to withdraw] while the House or any committee of the whole +House is sitting, and that no person so taken into custody be +discharged out of custody without the special order of the +House.</p> +<p>"That no member of the House do presume to bring any stranger or +strangers into the house, or the gallery thereof, while the House +is sitting."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This order appears to have been framed at a time when there was +no separate gallery exclusively appropriated to strangers, and when +they were introduced by members into the gallery of what is called +the "body of the house." This state of things had passed away: and +for a long series of years strangers had been admitted to a gallery +in the House of Commons in the face of the sessional order, by +which your correspondent CH. imagines their presence was +"absolutely prohibited."</p> +<p>When I speak of strangers being admitted, it must not be +supposed that this was done by order of the House. No, every thing +relating to the admission of strangers to, and their accommodation +in the House of Commons, is effected by some mysterious agency for +which no one is directly responsible. Mr. Barry has built galleries +for strangers in the new house; but if the matter were made a +subject of inquiry, it probably would puzzle him to state under +what authority he has acted.</p> +<p>Mr. Christie wished to make the sessional order applicable to +existing circumstances; and, it may be, he desired to draw from the +House a direct sanction for the admission of strangers. In the +latter purpose, however, if he ever entertained it, he failed. The +wording of his amendment is obscure, but necessarily so. The word +"gallery," as employed by him, can only refer to the gallery +appropriated to members of the House; but he intended it to apply +to the strangers' gallery. The order should have run thus, +"admitted into any other part of the house, or into the gallery +appropriated to strangers;" but Mr. Christie well knew that the +House would not adopt those words, because they contain an +admission that strangers <i>are</i> present whilst the House is +sitting, whereas it is a parliamentary fiction that they are +<i>not</i>. If a member in debate should inadvertently allude to +the possibility of his observations being heard by a stranger, the +Speaker would immediately call him to order; yet at other times the +right honourable gentleman will listen complacently to discussions +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page84" id="page84"></a>{84}</span> +arising out of the complaints of members that strangers will not +publish to the world all that they hear pass in debate. This is one +of the consistencies resulting from the determination of the House +not expressly to recognise the presence of strangers; but, after +all, I am not aware that any practical inconvenience flows from it. +The non-reporting strangers occupy a gallery at the end of the +house immediately opposite the Speaker's chair; but the right hon. +gentleman, proving the truth of the saying, "None so blind as he +who will not see," never perceives them until just as a division is +about to take place, when he invariably orders them to withdraw. +When a member wishes to exclude strangers he addresses the Speaker, +saying, "I think, Sir, I see a stranger or strangers in the house," +whereupon the Speaker instantly directs strangers to withdraw. The +Speaker issues his order in these words:—"Strangers must +withdraw."</p> +<p class="author">C. Ross.</p> +<p class="note"><i>Strangers in the House of Commons</i>.—As +a rider to the notice of CH. in "NOTES AND QUERIES," it may be well +to quote for correction the following remarks in a clever article +in the last <i>Edinburgh Review</i>, on Mr. Lewis' <i>Authority in +Matters of Opinion</i>. The Reviewer says (p. 547.):—</p> +<p class="note">"<i>This practice</i> (viz., of publishing the +debates in the House of Commons) <i>which, &c., is not merely +unprotected by law—it is positively illegal</i>. Even the +presence of auditors is a violation of the standing orders of the +House."</p> +<p class="author">ED. S. JACKSON.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> +<p><i>High Spirits considered a Presage of impending Calamity or +Death</i>:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>1. "How oft when men are at the point of death</p> +<p>Have they been merry! which their keepers call</p> +<p>A lightning before death."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p><i>Romeo and Juliet</i>, Act v. Sc. 3.</p> +<p>2. "C'était le jour de Noel [1759]. Je m'étais +levé d'assez bonne heure, et avec une humeur plus gaie que +de coutume. Dans les idées de vieille femme, cela +présage toujours quelque chose do triste.... Pour cette fois +pourtunt le hasard justifia la croyance."—<i>Mémoires +de J. Casanova</i>, vol. iii p. 29.</p> +<p>3. "Upon Saturday last ... the Duke did rise up, in a +well-disposed humour, out of his bed, and cut a caper or two.... +Lieutenant Felton made a thrust with a common tenpenny knife, over +Fryer's arm at the Duke, which lighted so fatally, that he slit his +heart in two, leaving the knife sticking in the +body."—<i>Death of Duke of Buckingham</i>; Howell. <i>Fam. +Letters</i>, Aug. 5, 1628.</p> +<p>4. "On this fatal evening [Feb. 20, 1435], the revels of the +court were kept up to a late hour ... the prince himself appears to +have been in unusually gay and cheerful spirits. He even jested, if +we may believe the cotemporary manuscript, about a prophecy which +had declared that a king should that year be slain."—<i>Death +of King James I</i>.; Tytler, <i>Hist. Scotland</i>, vol. iii. p. +306.</p> +<p>5. "'I think,' said the old gardener to one of the maids, 'the +gauger's <i>fie</i>;' by which word the common people express those +violent spirits which they think a presage of death."—<i>Guy +Mannering</i>, chap. 9.</p> +<p>6. "H.W.L." said: "I believe the bodies of the four persons seen +by the jury, were those of G.B., W.B., J.B., and T.B. On Friday +night they were all very merry, and Mrs. B. said she feared +something would happen before they went to bed, because they were +so happy."—<i>Evidence given at inquest on bodies of four +persons killed by explosion of firework-manufactory in +Bermondsey</i>, Friday, Oct. 12, 1849. See <i>Times</i>, Oct. 17, +1849.</p> +<p>Nos. 1, 2, 5, 6, are evidently notices of the Belief; Nos. 3, 4, +are "what you will." Many of your correspondents may be able to +supply earlier and more curious illustrations.</p> +<p class="author">C. FORBES</p> +<p>June 19.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>THE HYDRO-INCUBATOR.</h3> +<p>Most, if not all, of your readers have heard of the +newly-invented machine for hatching and rearing in chickens, +without the maternal aid of the hen; probably many of them have +paid a visit (and a <i>shilling</i>) at No. 4. Leicester Square, +where the incubator is to be seen in full operation. The following +extract will, therefore, be acceptable, as it tends to show the +truth of the inspired writer's words, "There is no new thing under +the sun:"—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Therefore ... it were well we made our remarks in some +creatures, that might be continually in our power, to observe in +them the course of nature, every day and hour. Sir <i>John +Heydon</i>, the Lieutenant of his Majesties Ordnance (that generous +and knowing gentleman and consummate souldier, both in theory and +practice) was the first that instructed me how to do this, by means +of a furnace, so made as to imitate the warmth of a sitting hen. In +which you may lay several eggs to hatch and by breaking them at +several ages, you may distinctly observe every hourly mutation in +them, if you please. The first will be, that on one side you shall +find a great resplendent clearness in the white. After a while, a +little spot of red matter, like blood will appear in the midst of +that clearness, fast'ned to the yolk, which will have a motion of +opening and shutting, so as sometimes you will see it, and straight +again it will vanish from your sight, and indeed, at first it is so +little that you cannot see it, but by the motion of it; for at +every pulse, as it opens you may see it, and immediately again it +shuts, in such sort as it is not to be discerned. From this red +speck, after a while, there will stream out a number of little +(almost imperceptible) red veins. At the end of some of which, in +time, there will be gathered together a knot of matter, which by +little and little will take the form of a head and you will, ere +long, begin to discern eyes and a beak in it. All this while the +first red spot of blood grows bigger and solider, till at length it +becomes <span class="pagenum"><a name="page85" id= +"page85"></a>{85}</span> a fleshy substance, and, by its figure, +may easily be discern'd to be the heart; which as yet hath no other +inclosure but the substance of the egg. But by little and little, +the rest of the body of an animal is framed out of those red veins +which stream out all about from the heart. And in process of time, +that body encloses the heart within it by the chest, which grows +over on both sides, and in the end meets and closes itself fast +together. After which this little creature soon fills the shell, by +converting into several parts of itself all the substance of the +egg; and then growing weary of so strait a habitation, it breaks +prison and comes out a perfectly formed chicken."—Sir Kenelm +Digby's <i>Treatise of Bodies</i>, Ch. xxiv. p. 274. ed. 1669.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Could Sir Kenelm return to the scenes of this upper world, and +pay a visit to Mr. Cantelo's machine, his shade might say with +truthfulness, what Horace Smith's mummy answered to his +questioner,—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"—We men of yore</p> +<p>Were versed in all the knowledge you can mention."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The operations of the two machines appear to be precisely the +same: the only difference being the Sir Kenelm's was an +experimental one, made for the purpose of investigating the process +of nature; while Cantelo's, in accordance with "the spirit of the +iron time," is a practical one, made for the purposes of utility +and profit. Sir Kenelm's Treatise appears to have been first +published in the year 1644.</p> +<p class="author">HENRY KERSLEY.</p> +<p>Corpus Christi Hall, Maidstone.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD "PARLIAMENT."</h3> +<p>It has been observed by a learned annotator on the +<i>Commentaries of Blackstone</i>, that, "no inconsiderable pains +have been bestowed in analysing the word 'Parliament;'" and after +adducing several amusing instances of the attempts that have been +made (and those too by men of the most recondite learning) to +arrive at its true radical properties, he concludes his remarks by +observing that</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"'Parliament' imported originally nothing more than a council or +conference, and that the termination '<i>ment</i>,' in parliament, +has no more signification than it has in <i>impeachment</i>, +<i>engagement</i>, <i>imprisonment</i>, <i>hereditament</i>, and +ten thouand others of the same nature."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>He admits, however, that the civilians have, in deriving +testament from <i>testari mentem</i>, imparted a greater +significance to the termination "ment." Amidst such diversity of +opinion, I am emboldened to offer a solution of the word +"Parliament," which, from its novelty alone, if possessing no +better qualification, may perhaps recommend itself to the +consideration of your readers. In my humble judgment, all former +etymologists of the word appear to have stumbled <i>in limine</i>, +for I would suggest that its compounds are "<i>palam</i>" and +"<i>mens</i>."</p> +<p>With the Romans there existed a law that in certain cases the +verdict of the jury might be given CLAM VEL PALAM, viz., +<i>privily</i> or <i>openly</i>, or in other words, by +<i>tablet</i> or <i>ballot</i>, or by <i>voices</i>. Now as the +essence of a Parliament or council of the people was its +representative character, and as secrecy would be inconsistent with +such a character, it was doubtless a <i>sine quâ non</i> that +its proceedings should be conducted "<i>palam</i>," in an open +manner. The absence of the letter "<i>r</i>" may possibly be +objected to, but a moment's reflection will cast it into the shade, +the classical pronunciation of the word <i>palam</i> being the same +as if spelt <i>PARlam</i>; and the illiterate state of this country +when the word Parliament was first introduced would easily account +for a <i>phonetic</i> style of orthography. The words enumerated by +Blackstone's annotator are purely of English composition, and have +no <i>correspondent</i> in the dead languages; whilst +<i>testament</i>, <i>sacrament</i>, <i>parliament</i>, and many +others, are Latin words Anglicised by dropping the termination +"<i>um</i>"—a great distinction as regards the relative value +of words, which the learned annotator seems to have overlooked. +"<i>Mentum</i>" is doubtless the offspring of "<i>mens</i>", +signifying the mind, thought, deliberation, opinion; and as we find +"<i>palam populo</i>" to mean "<i>in the sight of the people</i>," +so, without any great stretch of imagination, may we interpret +"<i>palam mente</i>" into "<i>freedom of thought or of +deliberation</i>" or "<i>an open expression of opinion</i>:" the +essential qualities of a representative system, and which our +ancestors have been careful to hand down to posterity in a word, +viz., <i>Parliament</i>.</p> +<p class="author">FRANCISCUS.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>"INCIDIS IN SCYLLAM, CUPIENS VITARE CHARYBDIM."</h3> +<p>I should be sorry to see this fine old <i>proverb in +metaphor</i> passed over with no better notice than that which +seems to have been assigned to it in Boswell's <i>Johnson</i>.</p> +<p>Erasmophilos, a correspondent of the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> +in 1774, quotes a passage from Dr. Jortin's <i>Life of Erasmus</i>, +vol. ii. p. 151., which supplies the following particulars, +viz.:—</p> +<p>1. That the line was first discovered by Galeottus Martius of +Narni, A.D. 1476.</p> +<p>2. That it is in lib. v. 301. of the "Alexandreis," a poem in +<i>ten</i> books, by Philippe Gualtier (commonly called "de +Chatillon," though in reality a native of Lille, in Flanders).</p> +<p>3. That the context of the passage in which it occurs is as +follows:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i4">"— Quo tendis inertem</p> +<p>Rex periture, fugam? Nescis, heu perdite, nescis</p> +<p>Quem fugias: hostes incurris dum fugis hostem.</p> +<p>Incidis in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"></div> +</div> +<p>where the poet apostrophises Darius, who, while <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page86" id="page86"></a>{86}</span> flying from +Alexander, fell into the lands of Bessus. (See <i>Selections from +Gent. Mag</i>. vol. ii. p. 199. London, 1814.)</p> +<p class="author">C. FORBES.</p> +<p>This celebrated Latin verse, which has become proverbial, has a +very obscure authority, probably not known to many of your readers. +It is from Gualtier de Lille, as has been remarked by Galeottus +Martius and Paquier in their researches. This Gualtier flourished +in the thirteenth century. The verse is extracted from a poem in +ten books, called the "Alexandriad," and it is the 301st of the 5th +book; it relates to the fate of Darius, who, flying from Alexander, +fell into the hands of Bessus. It runs thus:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"— Quo flectis inertem</p> +<p>Rex periture, fugam? Nescis, heu perdite, nescis,</p> +<p>Quem fugias; hostes incurris dum fugis hostem;</p> +<p><i>Incidis in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim</i>"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>As honest JOHN BUNYAN, to his only bit of Latin which he quotes, +places a marginal note: "The Latin which I borrow,"—a very +honest way; so I I beg to say that I never saw this "Alexandriad," +and that the above is an excerpt from <i>Menagiana</i>, pub. 1715, +edited by Bertrand de la Monnoie, wherein may also be found much +curious reading and research.</p> +<p class="author">JAMES H. FRISWELL.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>A NOTE OF ADMIRATION!</h3> +<p>Sir Walter Scott, in a letter to Miss Johanna Baillie, dated +October 12, 1825, (Lockhart's <i>Life of Sir W. S.</i>, vol. vi. p. +82.), says,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"I well intended to have written from Ireland, but alas! as some +stern old divine says, 'Hell is paved with good intentions.' There +was such a whirl of laking, and boating, and wondering, and +shouting, and laughing, and carousing—" [He alludes to his +visiting among the Westmoreland and Cumberland lakes on his way +home, especially] "so much to be seen, and so little time to see +it; so much to be heard, and only two ears to listen to twenty +voices, that upon the whole I grew desperate, and gave up all +thoughts of doing what was right and proper on post-days, and so +all my epistolary good intentions are gone to Macadamise, I +suppose, 'the burning marle' of the infernal regions."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>How easily a showy absurdity is substituted for a serious truth, +and taken for granted to be the right sense. Without having been +there, I may venture to affirm that "Hell is <i>not</i> paved with +good intentions, such things being <i>all lost or dropt on the +way</i> by travellers who reach that bourne;" for, where "Hope +never comes," "good intentions" cannot exist any more than they can +be formed, since to fulfil them were impossible. The authentic and +emphatical figure in the saying is, "The <i>road</i> to hell is +paved with good intentions;" and it was uttered by the "stern old +divine," whoever he might be, as a warning <i>not</i> to let "good +intentions" miscarry for want of being realized at the time and +upon the spot. The moral, moreover, is manifestly this, that people +may be going to hell with "the best intentions in the world," +substituting all the while <i>well-meaning</i> for +<i>well-doing</i>.</p> +<p class="author">J.M.G</p> +<p>Hallamshire.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>THE EARL OF NORWICH AND HIS SON GEORGE LORD GORING.</h3> +<p>As in small matters accuracy is of vital consequence, let me +correct a mistake which I made, writing in a hurry, in my last +communication about the two Gorings (Vol. ii., p. 65.). The Earl of +Norwich was not under sentence of death, as is there stated, on +January 8, 1649. He was then a prisoner: he was not tried and +sentenced till March.<a id="footnotetag2" name= +"footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a></p> +<p>The following notice of the son's quarrels with his brother +cavaliers occurs in a letter printed in Carte's bulky appendix to +his bulky <i>Life of the Duke of Ormond</i>. As this is an unread +book, you may think it worth while to print the passage, which is +only confirmatory of Clarendon's account of the younger Goring's +proceedings in the West of England in 1645. The letter is from +Arthur Trevor to Ormond, and dated Launceston, August 18, 1645.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Mr. Goring's army is broken and all his men in disorder. He +hates the council here, and I find plainly there is no love lost; +they fear he will seize on the Prince, and he, that they will take +him: what will follow hereupon may be foretold, without the aid of +the wise woman on the bank. Sir John Colepeper was at Court lately +to remove him, to the discontent of many. In short, the war is at +an end in the West; each one looks for a ship, and nothing +more.</p> +<p>"Lord Digby and Mr. Goring are not friends; Prince Rupert yet +goes with Mr. Goring, but how long that will hold, I dare not +undertake, knowing both their constitutions."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>It will be observed that the writer of the letter, though a +cavalier, here calls him <i>Mr. Goring</i>, when as his father was +created Earl of Norwich in the previous year, he was <i>Lord +Goring</i> in cavalier acceptation.</p> +<p>He is indiscriminately called Mr. Goring and Lord Goring in +passages of letters by cavaliers relating to the campaign in the +West of 1645, which occur in Carte's <i>Collection of Letters</i> +(vol. i. pp. 59, 60. 81. 86.).</p> +<p>A number of letters about the son, Lord Goring's proceedings in +the West in 1645 are printed in the third volume of Mr. Lister's +<i>Life of Lord Clarendon</i>.</p> +<p>The Earl of Norwich's second son, Charles, who afterwards +succeeded as second earl, commanded a <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page87" id="page87"></a>{87}</span> brigade +under his brother in the West in 1645. (Bulstrode's <i>Memoirs</i>, +p. 142.; Carte's <i>Letters</i>, i. 116. 121.)</p> +<p>Some account of the father, Earl of Norwich's operations against +the parliament in Essex in 1648, is given in a curious +autobiography of Arthur Wilson, the author of the <i>History of +James I</i>., which is printed in Peck's <i>Desiderata Curiosa</i>, +book xi. part 5. Wilson was living at the time in Essex.</p> +<p>An interesting fragment of a letter from Goring the son to the +Earl of Dorset, written apparently as he was on the point of +retiring into France, and dated Pondesfred, January 26, 1646, is +printed in Mr. Eliot Warburton's <i>Memoirs of Prince Rupert</i>, +iii. 215.</p> +<p>Mr. Warburton, by the way, clearly confounds the father with the +son when he speaks of the Earl of Norwich's trial and reprieve +(iii. 408.). Three letters printed in Mr. W.'s second volume (pp. +172. 181, 182.), and signed "Goring", are probably letters of the +father's, but given by Mr. Warburton to the son.</p> +<p>I perceive also that Mr. Bell, the editor of the lately +published <i>Fairfax Correspondence</i>, has not avoided confusion +between the father and son. In the first volume of the +correspondence relating to the civil war (p. 281.), the editor +says, under date January, 1646,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Lord Hopton in the meanwhile has been appointed to the command +in Cornwall, superseding Goring. Also has been sent off on several +negociations to France."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Goring went off to France on his own account; his father was at +that time Charles I.'s ambassador at the court of France.</p> +<p>I should like to know the year in which a letter of Goring the +son's, printed by Mr. Bell in vol. i. p. 23., was written, if it +can be ascertained. As printed, it is dated "Berwick, June 22." Is +<i>Berwick</i> right? Is there a bath there? The letter is +addressed to Sir Constantine Huygens, and in it is this +passage—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"I have now my lameness so much renewed that I cannot come to +clear myself; as soon as the bath has restored me to my strength, I +shall employ it in his Highness's service, if he please to let me +return into the same place of his favour that I thought myself +happy in before."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I should expect that this letter was written from France after +Goring's abrupt retreat into that country. It is stated that the +letter comes from Mr. Bentley's collection.</p> +<p>The Earl of Norwich was in Flanders in November 1569, and +accompanied the Dukes of York and Gloucester from Brussels to +Breda. (Carte's <i>Letters</i>, ii. 282.)</p> +<p class="author">CH.</p> +<p>If the following account of the Goring family given by Banks +(<i>Dormant and Extinct Peerage</i>, vol. iii. p. 575.) is correct, +it will appear that the father and both his sons were styled at +different times. "Lord Goring," and that they may very easily be +distinguished.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"George Goring, of Hurstpierpont, Sussex, the son of George +Goring, and Anne his wife, sister to Edward Lord Denny, afterwards +Earl of Norwich, was created Baron Goring in the fourth of Charles +I., and in the xx<sup>th</sup> of the same reign advanced to the +earldom of Norwich, which had become extinct by the death of his +maternal uncle above-mentioned, S.P.M.</p> +<p>"He betrayed Portsmouth, of which he was governor, to the king, +and rendered him many other signal services. He married Mary, one +of the daughters of Edward Nevill, vi<sup>th</sup> Baron of +Abergavenny, and had issue four daughters, and two sons, the eldest +of whom, George, was an eminent commander for Charles I., and best +<i>known as 'General Goring</i>,' and who, after the loss of the +crown to his royal master, retired to the Continent, and served +with credit as lieutenant-general to the King of Spain. He married +Lettice, daughter of Richard Earl of Cork, and died abroad, S.P., +in <i>the lifetime of his father</i>, who survived till 1662, and +was succeeded by <i>his only remaining son</i>, Charles Lord +Goring, and second Earl of Norwich, with whom, as he left no issue +by his wife, daughter of —— Leman, and widow of Sir +Richard Beker, all his honours became extinct in 1672. He was +unquestionably the Lord Goring noticed by Pepys as returning to +England in 1660, and not the old peer his father, who, if described +by any title, would have been styled 'Earl of Norwich.'"</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">BRAYBROOKE.</p> +<p>July 1, 1850.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote2" name= +"footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag2">(return)</a> +<p>Let me also correct a misprint. Banks, the author of the +<i>Dormant and Extinct Perrage</i>, is misprinted Burke.</p> +</blockquote> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>QUERIES</h2> +<h3>JAMES CARKASSE'S LUCIDA INTERVALLA, AN ILLUSTRATION OF PEPYS' +DIARY.</h3> +<p>I met lately with a quarto volume of poems printed at London in +1679, entitled:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>Lucida Intevalla</i> containing divers miscellaneous Poems +written at Finsbury and Bethlem, by the Doctor's Patient +Extraordinary."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>On the title-page was written in an old hand the native of the +"patient extraordinary" and author <i>James Carkasse</i>, and that +of the "doctor" <i>Thomas Allen</i>. A little reading convinced me +that the writer was a very fit subject for a lunatic asylum; but at +page 5, I met with an allusion to the celebrated Mr. Pepys, which I +will beg to quote:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Get thee behind me then, dumb devil, begone,</p> +<p>The Lord hath eppthatha said to my tongue,</p> +<p>Him I must praise who open'd hath my lips,</p> +<p>Sent me from Navy, to the Ark, by Pepys;</p> +<p>By Mr. Pepys, who hath my rival been</p> +<p>For the Duke's<a id="footnotetag3" name= +"footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a> favour, +more than years thirteen;</p> +<p>But I excluded, he high and fortunate,</p> +<p>This Secretary I could never mate;</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page88" id="page88"></a>{88}</span> +<p>But Clerk of th' Acts, if I'm a parson, then</p> +<p>I shall prevail, the voice outdoes the pen;</p> +<p>Though in a gown, this challenge I may make,</p> +<p>And wager win, save if you can, your stake.</p> +<p>To th' Admiral I all submit, and vail—"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The book from which I extract is <i>cropped</i>, so that the +last line is illegible. Can the noble editor of Pepys' +<i>Diary</i>, or any of your readers, inform me who and what was +this Mr. James Carkasse?</p> +<p>W.B.R.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote3" name= +"footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag3">(return)</a> +<p>The Duke of York, afterwards James II.</p> +</blockquote> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>MINOR QUERIES.</h2> +<p><i>Epigrams on the Universities</i>.—There are two clever +epigrams on the circumstance, I believe, of Charles I. sending a +troop of horse to one of the universities, about the same time that +he presented some books to the other.</p> +<p>The sting of the first, if I recollect right, is directed +against the university to which the books were sent, the +king—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"—right well discerning,</p> +<p>How much that loyal body wanted learning."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The reply which this provoked, is an attack on the other +university, the innuendo being that the troops were sent +there—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Because that learned body wanted loyalty."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>I quote from memory.</p> +<p>Can any of your readers, through the medium of your valuable +paper, favour me with the correct version of the epigrams, and with +the particular circumstances which gave rise to them?</p> +<p class="author">J. SWANN.</p> +<p>Norwich.</p> +<p><i>Lammas Day</i>.—Why was the 1st of August called +"Lammas Day?" Two definitions are commonly given to the word +"Lammas." 1. That it may mean <i>Loaf-mass</i>. 2. That it may be a +word having some allusion to St. Peter, as the patron of +<i>Lambs</i>.</p> +<p>O'Halloran, however, in his <i>History of Ireland</i>, favours +us with another definition; upon the value of which I should be +glad of the opinion of some of your learned contributors. Speaking +of Lughaidh, he says:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"From this prince the month of August was called Lughnas +(Lunas), from which the English adopted the name <i>Lammas</i>, for +the 1st day of August."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">J. SANSOM.</p> +<p><i>Mother Grey's Apples</i>.—At the time I was a little +girl,—you will not, I am sure, be ungallant enough to inquire +when that was, when I tell you I am now a woman,—I remember +that the nursery maid, whose duty it was to wait upon myself and +sisters, invariably said, if she found us out of temper—"So, +so! young ladies, you are in the sulks, eh? Well, sulk away; you'll +be like 'Mother Grey's apples,' you'll be sure to come round +again." We often inquired, on the return of fine weather, who +Mother Grey was, and what were the peculiar circumstances of the +apples coming round?—questions, however, which were always +evaded. Now, as the servant was a Cambridge girl, and had a brother +a <i>gyp</i>, or bedmaker, at one of the colleges, besides her +uncle keeping the tennis court there, I have often thought there +must have been some college legend or tradition in Alma Mater, of +Mother Grey and her apples. Will any of your learned +correspondents, should it happen to fall within their knowledge, +take pity on the natural curiosity of the sex, by furnishing its +details?</p> +<p class="author">A.M.</p> +<p><i>Jewish Music</i>.—What was the precise character of the +<i>Jewish music</i>, both before and after David? And what variety +of musical instruments had the Jews?</p> +<p class="author">J. SANSOM</p> +<p><i>The Plant "Haemony</i>."—Can any of your readers +furnish information of, or reference to the plant <i>Haemony</i>, +mentioned in Milton's <i>Comus</i>, l. 638.:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"—a small unsightly root,</p> +<p>But of divine effect,...</p> +<p>The leaf was darkish, and had prickles on it,</p> +<p>But in another country, as he said,</p> +<p><i>Bore a bright golden flower, but not in this soil:</i></p> +<p>—More medicinal is it than that Moly,</p> +<p>That Hermes once to wise Ulysses gave;</p> +<p>He called it <i>Haemony</i>, and gave it me,</p> +<p>And bade me keep it as of sov'reign use</p> +<p>'Gainst all enchantments," &c. &c.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The Moly that Hermes to Ulysses gave, is the wild garlick, +[Greek: molu] by some thought the wild rue. (<i>Odyss</i>. b. x. 1. +302.) It is the [Greek: moluza] of Hippocrates, who recommends it +to be eaten as an antidote against drunkenness. But of +<i>Haemony</i> I have been unable to find any reference among our +ordinary medical authorities, Paulus Aeginata, Celsus, Galen, or +Dioscorides. A short note of reference would be very instructive to +many of the readers of Milton.</p> +<p class="author">J.M. BASHAM.</p> +<p>17. Chester Street, Belgrave Square.</p> +<p><i>Ventriloquism</i>.—What evidence is there, that +<i>ventriloquism</i> was made use of in the ancient oracles? Was +the [Greek: pneuma puthonos] (Acts, xvi. 16.) an example of the +exercise of this art? Was the Witch of Endor a ventriloquist? or +what is meant by the word [Greek: eggastrimuthos] at Isai. xix. 3., +in the Septuagint?</p> +<p>"Plutarch informs us," says Rollin (<i>Ancient History</i>, vol. +i. p. 65.), "that the god did not compose the verses of the oracle. +He inflamed the Pythia's imagination, and kindled in her soul that +living light which unveiled all futurity to her. The words she +uttered in the heat of her enthusiam, having neither method nor +connection, and coming only by starts, to use that expression +[Greek: eggastrimuthos] from the bottom of her stomach, or rather +from her belly, were collected <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page89" id="page89"></a>{89}</span> with care by the prophets, who +gave them afterwards to the poets to be turned into verse."</p> +<p>If the Pythian priestess was really a ventriloquist, to what +extent was she conscious of the deception she practised?</p> +<p class="author">J. SANSOM.</p> +<p><i>Statue of French King, Epigram on</i>.—Can any of your +readers inform me who was the author of the following epigram, +written on the occasion of an equestrian statue of a French king +attended by the Virtues being erected in Paris:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"O la belle statue! O le beau Piedestal!</p> +<p>Les Vertus sont à pied, le Vice est à cheval!"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">AUGUSTINE.</p> +<p><i>Lux Fiat</i>.—Who was the first Christian or Jewish +writer by whom <i>lux fiat</i> was referred to the creation of the +<i>angels</i>?</p> +<p class="author">J. SANSOM.</p> +<p><i>Hiring of Servants</i>.—At Maureuil, in the environs of +Abbeville, a practice has long existed of hiring servants in the +market-place on festival days. I have observed the same custom in +various parts of England, and particularly in the midland counties. +Can any of your correspondents inform me of the origin of this?</p> +<p class="author">W.J.</p> +<p>Havre.</p> +<p><i>Book of Homilies</i>.—Burnet, in his <i>History of the +Reformation in anno 1542</i>, says,—</p> +<p>"A Book of Homilies was printed, in which the Gospels and +Epistles of all the Sundays and Holidays of the year were set down +with a <i>Homily to every one of these</i>. To these were also +added Sermons upon several occasions, as for <i>Weddings</i>, +<i>Christenings</i>, and <i>Funerals</i>."</p> +<p>Can any learned clerk inform me where a copy of such Homilies +can be seen?</p> +<p class="author">B.</p> +<p><i>Collar of SS</i>.—Where can we find <i>much</i> about +the SS. collar? Is there any list extant of persons who were +honoured with that badge?</p> +<p class="author">B.</p> +<p><i>Rainbow</i>.—By what heathen poet is the <i>rainbow</i> +spoken of as "risus plorantis Olympi?"</p> +<p class="author">J. SAMSON.</p> +<p><i>Passage in Lucan</i>.—What parallel passages are there +to that of <i>Lucan</i>:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Communis mundo superest rogus, ossibus astra</p> +<p>Misturus?"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">J. SAMSON.</p> +<p><i>William of Wykeham</i>.—Is there any better Life of +William of Wykeham than the very insufficient one of Bishop +Lowth?</p> +<p>What were the circumstances of the rise of William of Wykeham, +respecting which Lowth is so very scanty and unsatisfactory?</p> +<p>Where did William of Wykeham get the wealth with which he built +and endowed New College, Oxon, and St. Mary's, Winchester; and +rebuilt Winchester Cathedral?</p> +<p>What are the present incomes of New College, and St Mary's, +Winchester?</p> +<p>Is there a copy of the Statutes of these colleges in the British +Museum, or in any other public library?</p> +<p class="author">W.H.C.</p> +<p>April 22, 1850.</p> +<p><i>Richard Baxter's Descendants</i>.—Can any of your +correspondents inform me of the whereabouts of the descendants of +the celebrated Richard Baxter? He was a Northamptonshire man, but I +think his family removed into some county in the west.</p> +<p class="author">W.H.B.</p> +<p><i>Passage in St. Peter</i>.—Besides the well-known +passage in the <i>Tempest</i>, what <i>Christian</i> writers have +used any kindred expression to 2 Pet. iii. 10.?</p> +<p class="author">J. SANSOM.</p> +<p>8. Park Place, Oxford, June 1. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Juice-cups</i>.—Is it beneath the dignity of "NOTES AND +QUERIES" to admit an inquiry respecting the philosophy and real +effect of placing an inverted cup in a fruit pie? The question is +not about the <i>object</i>, but whether that object is, or can be, +effected by the means employed.</p> +<p class="author">N.B.</p> +<p>Derivation of "Yote" or "Yeot."—What is the derivation of +the word "yote" or "yeot," a term used in Glocestershire and +Somersetshire, for "leading in" iron work to stone?</p> +<p class="author">B.</p> +<p><i>Pedigree of Greene Family</i>.—At Vol. i., p. 200., +reference is made to "a fine Pedigree on vellum, of the Greene +family, penes T. Wotton, Esq."</p> +<p>Can any person inform me who now possesses the said pedigree, or +is there a copy of it which may be consulted?</p> +<p>One John Greene, of Enfield, was clerk to the New River Company: +he died 1705, and was buried at Enfield. He married Elizabeth +Myddelton, grand-daughter of Sir Hugh. I wish to find out the birth +and parentage of the said John Greene and shall be <i>thankful</i>, +if I may say so much, without adding too much to the length of my +Query.</p> +<p class="author">H.T.E.</p> +<p><i>Family of Love</i>.—Referring to Dr. RIMBAULT'S +communication on the subject of this sect (Vol. ii., p. 49.), will +you allow me to inquire whether there is any evidence that its +members deserved Fuller's severe condemnation? Queen Elizabeth +might consider them a "damnable sect," if they were believed to +hold heterodox opinions in religion and politics; but were their +lives or their writings immoral?</p> +<p class="author">N.B.</p> +<p><i>Sir Gammer Vans</i>.—Can any one give any account of a +comic story about one "<i>Sir Gammer Vans</i>," of whom, amongst +other absurdities, it is said "<i>that his aunt was a justice of +peace, and his sister a captain of horse</i>"? It is alluded to +somewhere <span class="pagenum"><a name="page90" id= +"page90"></a>{90}</span> in Swift's <i>Letters</i> or +<i>Miscellanies</i>; and I was told by a person whose recollection, +added to my own, goes back near a hundred years, that it was +supposed to be a <i>political satire</i>, and may have been of +Irish origin, as I think there is some allusion to it in one of +Goldsmith's plays or essays.</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>REPLIES</h2> +<h3>PUNISHMENT OF DEATH BY BURNING.</h3> +<p>Probably some of the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" will share +in the surprise expressed by E.S.S.W. (Vol. ii., p. 6.), yet many +persons now living must remember when spectacles such as he alludes +to were by no means uncommon. An examination of the newspapers and +other periodicals of the latter half of the eighteenth century +would supply numerous instances in which the punishment of +strangling and burning was inflicted; as well in cases of petit +treason, for the murder of a husband, as more frequently in cases +of coining, which, as the law then stood, was one species of high +treason. I had collected a pretty long list from the <i>Historical +Chronicle</i> in the earlier volumes of the <i>Gentleman's +Magazine</i>, but thought it scarcely of sufficient importance to +merit insertion in "NOTES AND QUERIES." Perhaps, however, the +following extracts may possess some interest: one as showing the +manner in which executions of this kind were latterly performed in +London, and the other as apparently furnishing an instance of later +date than that which Mr. Ross considers the last in which this +barbarous punishment was inflicted. The first occurs in the 56th +vol. of the Magazine, Part 1. P. 524., under the date of the 21st +June, 1786—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"This morning, the malefactors already mentioned were all +executed according to their sentence. About a quarter of an hour +after the platform had dropped, Phoebe Harris, the female convict, +was led by two officers to a stake about eleven feet high, fixed in +the ground, near the top of which was an inverted curve made of +irons, to which one end of a halter was tied. The prisoner stood on +a low stool, which, after the ordinary had prayed with her a short +time, was taken away, and she hung suspended by the neck, her feet +being scarcely more than twelve or fourteen inches from the +pavement. Soon after the signs of life had ceased, two cartloads of +faggots were placed round her and set on fire; the flames soon +burning the halter, she then sunk a few inches, but was supported +by an iron chain passed over her chest and affixed to the +stake."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The crime for which this woman suffered was coining. Probably +the method of execution here related was adopted in consequence of +the horrible occurrence narrated by Mr. Ross.</p> +<p>In vol. lix. of the same Magazine, Part 1. p. 272, under the +date of the <i>18th of March</i>, 1789, is an account of the +executions of nine malefactors at Newgate; and amongst +them,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Christian Murphy, alias Bowman, for coining, was brought out +after the rest were turned off, and fixed to a stake, and burnt, +being first strangled by the stool being taken from under her."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>From the very slight difference in dates, I am inclined to think +that this is the same case with that alluded to by Mr. Ross.</p> +<p class="author">OLD BAILEY</p> +<p>June 24, 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>TO GIVE A MAN HORNS.</h3> +<h4>(Vol. i. p. 383.)</h4> +<p>Your correspondent L.C. has started a most interesting inquiry, +and your readers must, I am sure, join with me in regretting that +he should have been so laconic in the third division of his Query; +and have failed to refer to, even if he did not quote, the passages +from "late Greek," in which "horns" are mentioned as a symbol of a +husband's dishonor. The earliest notice of this symbolical use of +horns is, I believe, to be found in the <i>Oneirocritica</i> of +Artemidorus, who lived during the reign of Hadrian, A.D. +117-138:</p> +<p>[Greek: "Pepi de ippon en to peri agonon logo proeiraeiai. Elege +de tis theasameno tini epi kriou kathaemenpo, kai pesonti ex autou +ek ton euprosthen, mnaesteuomeno de kai mellonti en autais tais +haemerais tous gamous epetelein, proeipein auto hoti hae gunae sou +porneusei, kai kata to legomenon, kerata soi poiaesei kai outos +apethae, k.t.l."—Artem. <i>Oneirocritica</i>, lib. ii, cap. +12.]</p> +<p>See Menage, <i>Origines de la Langue Françoise</i>, +Paris, 1650, in verb. "Cornard." I have only seen Reiff's edition +of Artemidorus, 8vo. Lipsiæ, 1805. His illustrations of the +passage (far too numerous to be quoted) seem to be curious, and +likely to repay the reader for the trouble of examination. His note +commences with a reference to Olaus Borrichius, <i>Antiqua Urb. +Rom. facies</i>:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Alexander Magnus ....successores ejus..... in nummis omnes +cornuti quasi Jovii, honore utique manifesto, donee cornuum decus +in ludibria uxoriorum vertit somnorum interpres Artimidorus."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>On which he observes,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Benè. Nam ante Artimidorium nullus, quod sciam, hujus +scommatis mentionem fecit. Quod enim Traug. Fred. Benedict. ad +Ciceron. <i>Epist. ad Div.</i> 7.24. ad voc. 'Cipius' conjecit, id +paullo audientus mihi videtur conjecisse."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I have not succeeded in obtaining a sight of this edition of the +Epistles. And I should feel much obliged to any one who would quote +the "conjecture," and so enable your readers to gauge its +"audacity" for themselves. Is it not odd that Reiff should have +made no remark on the utter want of connection between the "honor +manifestus," and the "ludibria" of Olaus? or on the [Greek: kata to +legomenon] of the author that he was illustrating? <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page91" id="page91"></a>{91}</span> Artemidorus +may certainly have been the first who <i>recorded</i> the +<i>scomma</i>; but the words [Greek: kata to legomenon] would +almost justify us supposing that</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i8">"—The horn</p> +<p>Was a crest ere he was born."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Menage (referred to above) evidently lays some stress on the +following epigram, as an illustration of the question:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>[Greek: "Ostis eso purous katalambanei ouk agorazon,</p> +<p>Keinou Amaltheias hae gunae esti keras."]</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Parmenon. <i>Anthol.</i> lib. ii.</p> +<p>But I confess that I am utterly unable to see its point and +therefore cannot, of course, trace its connection with the subject. +Falstaff, it is true, speaks of the "horn of abundance," but then +he assigns it to the husband, and makes the "lightness of the wife +shine through it." (<i>K. Henry IV.</i> Act i. Sc. 2., on which see +Warburton's note.)</p> +<p class="author">C. FORBES.</p> +<p>Temple, April 25.</p> +<p>L.C. may find the following references of service to him in his +inquiry into the origin of this expression:—"Solanus ad Luc. +D.M. 1. 2.; Jacobs ad Lucill. Epigr. 9.; Belin. ad Lucian, t. iii. +p. 326.; Huschk. <i>Anal.</i> p. 168.; Lambec. ad Codin. § +126.; Nodell in <i>Diario Class.</i> t. x. p. 157.; Bayl. +<i>Dict.</i> in Junone, not. E." Boissonade's note in his +<i>Anecdotae</i>, vol. iii. p. 140.</p> +<p class="author">J.E.B. MAYOR.</p> +<p>Marlborough College.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>Replies to Minor Queries</h3> +<p><i>Shipster</i> (Vol. ii., p. 30.).—If C. B. will consult +Dr. Latham's <i>English Language</i>, 2nd ed., he will find that +the termination <i>ster</i> is not merely a <i>notion</i> of +Tyrwhitt's, but a fact. Sempstress has a <i>double</i> feminine +termination. <i>Spinster</i> is the only word in the present +English which retains the old feminine meaning of the termination +<i>ster</i>.</p> +<p class="author">E.S. JACKSON.</p> +<p><i>Three Dukes</i> (Vol. ii., p. 9.).—I should like a more +satisfactory answer to this Query than that I given by C. (Vol. +ii., p. 46.). I can give the I names of <i>two</i> of the Dukes +(viz. Monmouth and Albermarle); but who was the <i>third</i>, and +where can a <i>detailed account</i> of the transaction be found? In +Wades' <i>British History chronologically arranged</i>, 3rd edit. +p. 230, is the following paragraph under the date of Feb. 28, 1671 +(that is, 1670-1):—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The Duke of Monmouth, who had contrived the outrage on +Coventry, in a drunken frolic with the young Duke of Albemarle and +others, deliberately kills a ward-beadle. Charles, to save his son, +pardoned all the murderers."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The date given in the <i>State Poems</i> is Sunday morning, Feb. +26th, 1670-71. Mr. Lister, in his <i>Life of Edward, Earl of +Clarendon</i> (vol. ii. p. 492.), alludes to the affair:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The King's illegitimate son Monmouth, in company with the young +Duke of Albemarle and others, kills a watchman, who begs for mercy, +and the King pardons all the murderers."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">C.H. Cooper</p> +<p>Cambridge, June 24, 1850.</p> +<p><i>Bishops and their Precedence</i> (Vol. ii., p. 9.).—I +believe bishops have their precedence because they are both +<i>temporal</i> and <i>spiritual</i> barons. Some I years ago, I +took the following note from the <i>Gentleman's Mag</i>. for a year +between 1790 and 1800; I cannot say positively what year (for I was +very young at the time, and unfortunately omitted to "note" +it):—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Every Bishop has a temporal barony annexed to his see. The +Bishop of Durham is Earl of Sudbury and Baron Evenwood; and the +Bishop of Norwich is Baron of Northwalsham."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Query, where may the accounts of the respective baronies of the +bishoprics be found?</p> +<p class="author">HENRY KERSLEY.</p> +<p><i>Why Moses represented with Horns</i>.—Your +correspondent H.W. (Vol. i, p. 420.) refers the origin of what he +calls the strange practice of making Moses appear horned to a +mistranslation in the Vulgate. I send you an extract from Coleridge +which suggests something more profound the such an accidental +cause; and explains the statement of Rosenmüller (p. 419.), +that the Jews attributed horns to Moses "figuratively for +power:"—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"When I was at Rome, among many other visits to the tomb of +Julius II, I went thither once with a Prussian artist, a man of +great genius and vivacity of feeling. As we were gazing on Michael +Angelo's Moses, our conversation turned on the horns and beard of +that stupendous statue of the necessity of each to support the +other; of the superhuman effect of the former, and the necessity if +the existence of both to give a harmony and <i>integrity</i> both +to the image and the feeling excited by it. Conceive them removed, +and the statue would become <i>un</i>natural without being +<i>super</i>natural. We called to mind the horns of the rising sun, +and I repeated the noble passage from Taylor's <i>Holy Dying</i>. +That horns were the emblem of power and sovereignty among the +Eastern nations; and are still retained as such in Abyssinia; the +Achelous of the ancient Greeks; and the probable ideas and feelings +that originally suggested the mixture of the human and the brute +form in the figure, by which they realised the idea of their +mysterious Pan, as representing intelligence blended with a darker +power, deeper, mightier, and more universal than the conscious +intellect of man; than intelligence—all these thoughts passed +in procession before our minds."—Coleridge's <i>Biographia +Literaria</i>, vol. ii. p. 127. edit. 1817.</p> +</blockquote> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page92" id="page92"></a>{92}</span> +<p class="note">[The noble passage from Taylor's <i>Holy Dying</i>, +which Coleridge recreated, is subjoined.]</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"As when the sun approaches towards the gates of the morning, he +first opens a little eye of heaven, and sends away the spirits of +darkness, and gives light to a cock, and calls up the lark to +matins, and by and bye gilds the fringes of a cloud, and peeps over +the eastern hills, thrusting out his golden horns like those which +decked the brows of Moses, when he was forced to wear a veil, +because himself had seen the face of God; and still, while a man +tells the story, the sun gets up higher, till he shows a fair face +and a full light, and then he shines one whole day, under a cloud +often, and sometimes weeping great and little showers, and sets +quickly; so is a man's reason and his life."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>—Jeremy Taylor's <i>Holy Dying</i>.</p> +<p class="author">C.K.</p> +<p><i>Leicester and the reputed Poisoners of his Time</i> (Vol. +ii., p. 9.).—"The lady who had lost her hair and her nails," +an account of whom is requested by your correspondent H.C., was +Lady Douglas, daughter of William Lord Howard of Effingham, and +widow of John Lord Sheffield. Leicester was married to her after +the death of his first wife Anne, daughter and heir of Sir John +Robsart, and had by her a son, the celebrated Sir Robert Dudley, +whose legitimacy, owing to his father's disowning the marriage with +Lady Sheffield, in order to wed Lady Essex, was afterwards the +subject of so much contention. On the publication of this latter +marriage, Lady Douglas, in order, it is said, to secure herself +from any future practices, had, from a dread of being made away +with by Leicester, united herself to Sir Edward Stafford, then +ambassador in France. Full particulars of this double marriage will +be found in Dugdale's <i>Antiquities of Warwickshire</i>.</p> +<p>The extract from D'Israeli's <i>Amenities of Literature</i> +relates to charges against Leicester, which will be found at large +in <i>Leicester's Commonwealth</i>, written by Parsons the +Jesuit,—a work, however, which must be received with great +caution, from the author's well-known enmity to the Earl of +Leicester, and his hatred to the Puritans, who were protected by +that nobleman's powerful influence.</p> +<p class="author">W.J.</p> +<p>Havre.</p> +<p><i>New Edition of Milton</i> (Vol. ii., p. 21.).—The Rev. +J. Mitford, as I have understood, is employed upon a new edition of +Milton's works, both prose and verse, to be published by Mr. +Pickering. I may mention, by the way, that the sentence from +Strada, "Cupido gloriae, quae etiam sapientibus novissima exuitur," +which is quoted by Mr. Mitford on Lycidas, Aldine edition, v. 71. +("Fame, that last infirmity of noble minds"), is borrowed from +Tacitus <i>Hist</i>. iv. 6. Compare <i>Athenæus</i>, xi. 15. +§ 116. p. 507. d., where Plato is represented as +saying:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"[Greek: Eschaton ton taes doxaes chitona en to thanato auto +apoduometha.]"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Will you allow me to add, that the quotation from Seneca in Vol. +i., p. 427. Of "NOTES AND QUERIES" is from the <i>Nat. Quaest. +Proef</i>.</p> +<p class="author">J.E.B. MAYOR.</p> +<p>Marlborough College, June 8.</p> +<p><i>Christian Captives</i> (Vol. i., p. 441.).—There is an +unfortunate hiatus in the accounts of this parish from 1642 to +1679, which prevents my stating positively the amount of the +collection here made; but in 1670, Jan 1., there occurs the +following:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Item. To Mr. Day for Copying ouer the fower parts that was +gathered in the parish for the Reliefe of Slaues in Algiears - - - +- 0 2 0"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Mr. Day was curate of Ecclesfield at that time; and in another +part of the book there is, in his handwriting, a subscription list, +which, though only headed "Colected by hous Row for the ..." is +more than probably the copy referred to. From it the totals +collected appear to have been,—</p> +<table summary="Subscription list" align="center"> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td align="right"><i>s</i>.</td> +<td align="right"><i>d</i>.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Ecclesfield</td> +<td></td> +<td align="right">6</td> +<td align="right">7-1/2</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Greno Firth</td> +<td></td> +<td align="right">13</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Southey Soke</td> +<td></td> +<td align="right">10</td> +<td align="right">7</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Wadsley</td> +<td></td> +<td align="right">4</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td align="right">£1</td> +<td align="right">15</td> +<td align="right">2-1/2</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p>The above are the four byerlaws, or divisions of the parish, and +the four churchwardens used separately to collect in their +respective byerlaws; and then a fair copy of the whole was made out +by the curate or schoolmaster. An ordinary collection in church, +upon a brief, averaged 7<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. at this period.</p> +<p class="author">J. EASTWOOD.</p> +<p>Ecclesfield.</p> +<p><i>Borrowed Thoughts</i> (Vol. i., p. 482.).—The number of +"NOTES AND QUERIES" here alluded to has unluckily not reached me; +but in Vol. ii., p. 30., I observe that your correspondent C., in +correcting one error, has inadvertently committed another. Monsieur +de la Palisse is the hero alluded to in the popular song which was +written at the commencement of the eighteenth century by Bernard de +la Monnoye, upon the old ballad, composed after the battle of +Pavia, and commencing,—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Hélas! La Palice est mort,</p> +<p class="i2">Il est mort devant Pavie;</p> +<p>Hélas! s'il n'estait pas mort,</p> +<p class="i2">Il serait encore en vie!"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">W.J.</p> +<p>Havre.</p> +<p><i>North Sides of Churchyards</i> (Vol. ii., p. 55.).—A +portion of many churchyards is said to have been left +unconsecrated, though not to be used as playground for the youth of +the parish, but for the burial of excommunicated persons. This was +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page93" id="page93"></a>{93}</span> +not, however, always on the north side of the church, as is evident +from the following extract from the Register of Hart, +Durham:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Dec. 17. 1596, Ellen Thompson, Fornicatrix (and then +excommunicated), was buried of Þe people in Þe chaer at +the entrance unto Þe Þeate or stile of Þe +churchyard, on the east thereof."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Nor is the north side of the church always the less favourite +part for burial. I could name many instances where this is the only +part used.</p> +<p>The churchyard now within two hundred yards of me contains about +an acre of ground; the larger portion of which lies to the south of +the church, but has been very little used for sepulture till of +late years, though the churchyard is very ancient. Even now the +poor have an objection to bury their friends there. I believe the +prejudice is always in favour of the part next the town or village; +that on the other side of the church being generally called "the +backside."</p> +<p>I find various notices of excommunicated persons being very +strangely buried, and in extraordinary places, but I have not as +yet met with any act or injunction on the subject. If any of your +readers can supply such a document, it would be extremely +interesting and useful.</p> +<p class="author">W.H.K.</p> +<p>D.B.</p> +<p><i>Monastery, Arrangement of one</i> (Vol. i., p. +452.),—A.P.H., who requests any information respecting the +extent, arrangement, and uses of a monastic building, has doubtless +consulted Fosbroke's <i>British Monachism</i>.</p> +<p class="author">W.J.</p> +<p>Havre.</p> +<p><i>Churchyards, Epitaphs</i> (Vol. ii., p. 56.).—I beg to +submit the following observations in answer to the Queries under +this head.</p> +<p>Fairs, and also markets, were held in churchyards until put a +stop to in 1285 by an enactment in the 13 Edw. I. c. 6:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"E communde le rey e defend qe feire ne marche ne seient tenuz +en cimeter pur honur de seint eglise."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Previous to the passing of this act, the king had forbidden the +keeping of Northampton fair in the church or churchyard of All +Saints in that town; and Bishop Grostête, following the +monarch's example, had sent instructions through the whole diocese +of Lincoln, prohibiting fairs to be kept in such sacred places. +(See Burn's <i>Eccl. Law</i>, tit. "Church," ed. 1788.) Fairs and +markets were usually held on Sunday, until the 27 Hen. VI. c. 5. +ordered the discontinuing of this custom, with trifling exceptions. +Appended to the fourth Report of the Lincolnshire Architectural +Society is a paper by Mr. Bloxan on "Churchyard Monuments," from +which it appears that in the churchyards of Cumberland and +Cornwall, and in those of Wales, are several crosses, considered to +be as early as, if not earlier than, the twelfth century: that in +the churchyards of the Isle of Man are other crosses of various +dates, from the eighth to the twelfth century and that in some of +the churchyards in Kent, of which those of Chartham, Godmersham, +and Godneston are specified, there are remaining some of the most +simple headstone crosses that can be imagined, most of which the +writer apprehends to be of the twelfth or thirteenth century, +though he adds, "there is no sufficient reason why they should not +be of later date." Several other instances between the periods +particularised are also given. The Report is not published, but +perhaps a copy might be obtained from the printer, W. Edwards, Corn +Market, Louth. See further the <i>Archaeological Journal</i>, +passim, and Mr. Cutt's work on <i>Sepulchral Crosses and Slabs</i>. +The privilege of sanctuary was taken from churchyards, as well as +from all other places, in 1623, by the 21 Jac. I. c. 28., which +provides,</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"That no sanctuary or privilege of sanctuary shall be hereafter +admitted or allowed in any case" (sec. 7.).</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">ARUN.</p> +<p><i>Umbrella</i> (Vol. i., p. 415; vol. ii., p. +25.).—Seeing that the Query respecting this useful article of +domestic economy has been satisfactorily answered, may I be allowed +to mention that umbrellas are described by the ancients as marks of +distinction. Pausanias and Hesychius report that at Alea, a city of +Arcadia, a feast called Scieria was celebrated in honour of +Bacchus, in which the statue of the rosy god was carried in +procession, crowned with vine leaves, and placed upon an ornamental +litter, in which was seated a young girl carrying an umbrella, to +indelicate the majesty of the god. On several bas-reliefs from +Persepolis, the king is represented under an umbrella, which a +female holds over his head.</p> +<p class="author">W.J.</p> +<p>Havre.</p> +<p><i>English Translations of Erasmus' "Encomium Moriae"</i> (Vol. +i., p. 385.).—Perhaps JARLZBERG, who seems interested in the +various translations of this admirable work, might like to know of +a French translation, with designs from Holbein, which I purchased +some weeks ago at a sale in a provincial French town. It is +entitled <i>L'Eloge de la Folie, composé en forme de +Déclaration par Erasme, et traduit par Mr. Guendeville, avec +les Notes de Gerard Listre, et les belles Figures de Holbein; le +tout sur l'Oiginal de l'Academie de Bâle</i>. Amsterdam, chez +François l'Honore. 1735.</p> +<p class="author">W.J.</p> +<p>Havre.</p> +<p><i>Lady Slingsby</i> (Vol. ii., p. 71.).—She was a +professional actress, who played under the name of <i>Mrs</i>. +(probably <i>Miss</i>) <i>Mary Lee</i>, from about 1672 to 1680, +after which date she is called <i>Lady</i> <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page94" id="page94"></a>{94}</span> +<i>Slingsby</i>, and she played under this title for about five +years, when she seems to have quitted the stage. She survived her +husband, for "Dame Mary Slingsby, <i>widow</i>, of St. James's +parish, was buried at Pancras, 1st of March, 1694."</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<p><i>Meaning of "Bawn"</i> (Vol. i., p. 60.).—The poet +Campbell uses the word <i>bawn</i> as follows:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"And fast and far, before the star</p> +<p>Of day-spring, rush'd we through the glade,</p> +<p>And saw at dawn the lofty <i>bawn</i></p> +<p>Of Castle-Connor fade."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p><i>O'Connor's Child</i>.</p> +<p class="author">ROBERT SNOW.</p> +<p><i>Chantrey's Sleeping Children</i> (Vol. ii., p. +70.)—Your correspondent PLECTRUM is anxious to know on what +grounds I attribute to Stothard any part of the design of the +monument in Lichfield Cathedral known as Chantrey's "Sleeping +Children?" I will endeavour to satisfy him.</p> +<p>The design, suggested, as it were, by the very nature of the +commission, was communicated by Chantrey to Stothard with a request +that he would make for him two or three sketches of sleeping +children, at his usual price. What Stothard did, I have heard my +father say, was very like the monument as it now stands. The sketch +from which Chantrey wrought was given to me by my father a few +months before his death, and is now suspended on the wall of the +room in which I write.</p> +<p>It is a pencil-sketch, shaded with Indian ink, and is very +Stothard-like and beautiful. It wants, however, a certain +sculptural grace, which Chantrey gave with a master feeling; and it +wants the snow-drops in the hand of the younger sister,—a +touch of poetic beauty suggested by my father.</p> +<p>The carver of the group (the person who copied it in marble) was +the late Mr. F.A. Legé, to whom the merit of the whole +monument has been foolishly ascribed.</p> +<p>I should be sorry to impress the world with the belief that I +mean in any way to detract from the merit of Chantrey in making +this statement. I have divulged no secret. I have only endeavoured +to explain what till now has been too often misunderstood.</p> +<p class="author">PETER CUNNINGHAM.</p> +<p>The following statement may perhaps give to PLECTRUM the +information he requires.</p> +<p>Dining one day alone with Chantrey, in Jan. 1833, our +conversation accidentally turned upon some of his monuments, and +amongst other things he told me the circumstances connected with +the monument at Lichfield to the two children of Mrs. Robinson. As +I was leaving Chantrey, I asked him if I might write down what he +had told me; his reply was, "Certainly; indeed I rather wish you +would." Before I went to bed I wrote down what I now send you; I +afterwards showed it to Chantrey, who acknowledged it to be +correct. It was hastily written, but I send it as I wrote it at the +time, without alteration.</p> +<p>Nicholson, the drawing master, taught Mrs. Robinson and her two +children. Not long after the death of Mr. Robinson, the eldest +child was burnt to death; and a very short time afterwards the +other child sickened and died. Nicholson called on Chantrey and +desired him to take a cast of the child's face, as the mother +wished to have some monument of it. Chantrey immediately repaired +to the house, made his cast, and had a most affecting interview +with the unhappy mother. She was desirous of having a monument to +be placed in Lichfield Cathedral, and wished to know whether the +cast just taken would enable Chantrey to make a tolerable +resemblance of her lost treasure. After reminding her how uncertain +all works of art were in that respect, he assured her he hoped to +be able to accomplish her wishes. She then conversed with him upon +the subject of the monument, of her distressed feelings at the +accumulated losses of her husband and her two children, in so short +a space of time; expatiated upon their characters, and her great +affection; and dwelt much upon her feelings when, before she +retired to bed, she had usually contemplated them when she hung +over them locked in each other's arms asleep. While she dwelt upon +these recollections, it occurred to Chantrey that the +representation of this scene would be the most appropriate +monument; and as soon as he arrived at home he made a small model +of the two children, nearly as they were afterwards executed, and +as they were universally admired. As Mrs. Robinson wished to see a +drawing of the design, Chantrey called upon Stothard, and employed +him to make the requisite drawing from the small model: this was +done; and from this circumstance originated the story, from those +envious of Chantrey's rising fame, that he was indebted to Stothard +for all the merit of the original design.</p> +<p class="author">EDW. HAWKINS</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>MISCELLANIES.</h2> +<p><i>Separation of the Sexes in Time of Divine +Service</i>.—I note with pleasure that traces of this ancient +usage still exist in parts of Sussex. In Poling Church, and also in +Arundel Church, the movable Seats are marked with the letters M. +and W. respectively, according as they are assigned to the men or +women. On the first Sunday in the year I attended service in +Arundel Church, and observed, with respect to the benches which +were placed in the middle of the nave for the use of the poorer +classes, that the women as they entered proceeded to those at the +eastern end, which were left vacant for them, whilst the men by +themselves <span class="pagenum"><a name="page95" id= +"page95"></a>{95}</span> occupied those at the western end. The +existence of a distinction of this kind in regard to the open seats +only, affords strong proof, if proof were necessary, that it was +the introduction of appropriated pews which led to the disuse of +else long established, and once general, custom of the men +occupying the south side of the nave, and the women the north.</p> +<p class="author">B.H.B.</p> +<p><i>Error in Winstanley's Loyal +Martyrology</i>.—Winstanley, in <i>The Loyall Martyrology</i> +(London, printed by Thomas Mabb, 1665), p. 67., says of Master +Gerard, the author of that elaborate herbal which bears his +name—"This gallant gentleman, renowned for arts and arms, was +likewise at the storming of that (Basing) House unfortunately +slain." According to Johnson, who edited his Herbal in 1633, Gerard +was born at Namptwich, in Cheshire, in the year 1545; and died +about 1607. Basing House was stormed Oct. 1645: had Gerard served +there, he would have been 100 years old. It appears that Winstanley +has confounded Gerard with his editor Thomas Johnson above +mentioned, who was killed during the siege of Basing House, anno +1644. (See Fuller's <i>Worthies</i>, vol. iii. p. 422. edit. 1840. +London.)</p> +<p class="author">E.N.W.</p> +<p><i>Preaching in Nave only.—Prayers and Preaching distinct +Services</i>—In Ely Cathedral the old and proper custom of +sermons being delivered in the nave only is still maintained. And +this observance has doubtless led to the continuance of another, +which is a sufficient answer to those who object to the length of +our service, as it shows that formerly in practice, as still in +principle, prayers and preaching were distinct services. In the +morning of Sunday there is no sermon in either of the parish +churches in Ely, but prayers only; and those of the respective +congregations who wish to hear a sermon remove to the cathedral, +where they are joined by the ecclesiastics and others who have +"been to choir". Consequently, any one may "go to sermon" (I use +the language of the place) without having been to prayers, or to +prayers in one of the parish churches, or the choir, without +necessarily hearing the sermon.</p> +<p>I think it would be very interesting, if your widely scattered +correspondents would from time to time communicate in your columns +such instances of any variation from the now usual mode of +celebrating divine service as may fall under their <i>personal</i> +observation.</p> +<p class="author">B.H.B.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>Miscellaneous</h2> +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, &c.</h3> +<p>It has been frequently, more frequently, perhaps than justly, +objected to the Shakspeare Society, that few of its publications +bear directly upon the illustration of the works of the great +dramatist. That the Council would gladly publish works more +immediately in connection with Shakspeare and his writings, if the +materials for them could be found, is proved by the fact of their +having just published the <i>Remarks of Karl Simrock on the Plots +of Shakspeare's Plays</i>, which that gentleman, whose name is +honoured by all lovers of early German poetry and romance, appended +to the third volume of the <i>Quellen der Shakspeare</i>, a +collection of Novels, Tales, &c., illustrative of Shakspeare, +which Simrock collected and translated in conjunction with +Echtermeyer and Henschel, and which somewhat resembles Mr. +Collier's <i>Shakspeare's Library</i>. The translation of these +remarks, made for the Society, was placed in the hands of Mr. +Halliwell, and forms, with the notes and additions of that +gentleman, a volume containing much new and curious information +upon a very interesting point in Shakspearian literature.</p> +<p>Messrs. Sotheby and Co., of Wellington Street, will sell on +Monday, July 8th, and six following days, a very Choice Cabinet of +Coins and Medals, the property of a Nobleman; and on Monday, July +15th, and five following days, an extensive Assemblage of +Historical, Theological, and Miscellaneous Books.</p> +<p>Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, of 191. Piccadilly, announce a Sale +of Splendid Engravings by British and Foreign Artists on Monday +next.</p> +<p>We have received the following Catalogues:—William Nield's +(46. Burlington Arcade) Catalogue No. 3. of Very Cheap Books; +Edward Stibbs' (331. Strand) Select Catalogue of a Collection of +Books just purchased from a celebrated literary character.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</h3> +<h4>WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h4> +<h4>(In continuation of Lists in former Nos.)</h4> +<p>DRAYTON'S POLYOLBION. (A perfect copy of any edition.)</p> +<p>PULEYN'S ETYMOLOGICAL COMPENDIUM.</p> +<h4>Odd volumes.</h4> +<p>INGLIS'S IRELAND. Vol. II.</p> +<p>Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage +free</i>, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES", +186. Fleet street.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>Notices to Correspondents</h3> +<p>VOLUME THE FIRST, <i>Complete with Index, may now be had, price +9s. 6d., bound in cloth</i>. THE INDEX, <i>published last week, is, +we trust, sufficiently full to satisfy to the utmost the wishes of +our Subscribers. We feel that, if called upon at any time to +establish the utility of</i> NOTES AND QUERIES, <i>we may +confidently point to the Index as a proof that the Literary +Inquirer, be his particular branch of Study what it may, will not +search in vain in our pages for valuable Notes and Illustrations of +it.</i></p> +<p><i>Answers to several correspondents in our next</i>.</p> +<p>Errata. No. 34. p. 60., for "D<i>o</i>lort" read +"D<i>e</i>lort," and for "Triar<i>mum</i>" , read +"Triar<i>num</i>". No. 35. p. 75. in the article on "Carucate of +Land" for "acre", read "acras", and for "B<i>oe</i>julia", read +"B<i>a</i>julia". The articles "God Save the Queen," p. 71., and +"Royal and Distinguished Interments", p. 79., should have been +subscripted "F.K." instead of "J.H.M."</p> +<hr class="adverts" /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page96" id="page96"></a>{96}</span> +<p>THE EDINBURGH REVIEW, No. CLXXXV., will be Published on +WEDNESDAY next, July 10th.</p> +<p>CONTENTS:</p> +<p>1. QUETELET ON PROBABILITIES.</p> +<p>2. MERIVALE'S HISTORY OF ROME UNDER THE EMPIRE.</p> +<p>3. CHURCH AND STATE EDUCATION</p> +<p>4. MÉRIMÉE'S HISTORY OF PEDRO THE CRUEL.</p> +<p>5. BLACKIE'S AESCHYLUS.</p> +<p>6. GOETHE'S FESTIVAL.</p> +<p>7. GUIZOT ON THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION.</p> +<p>8. THE AFRICAN SQUADRON.</p> +<p>9. THE GORHAM CONTROVERSY.</p> +<p>London: LONGMAN AND CO. Edinburgh: A. AND C. BLACK.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Now ready, Octavo Edition. plain, 15<i>s</i>.; Quarto Edition, +having the Plates of the Tesselated Pavements all coloured, +1<i>l</i>. 5<i>s</i>.</p> +<p>Remains of Roman art, in Cirencester, the Site of Ancient +Corinium: containing Plates by De la Motte, of the magnificient +Tesselated Pavements discovered in August and September, 1849, with +copies of the grand Heads of Ceres, Flora, and Pamona; reduced by +the Talootype from facsimile tracings of the original; together +with various other plates and numerous wood engravings.</p> +<p>In the Quarto edition the folding of the plates necessary for +the smaller volume is avoided.</p> +<p>London: GEORGE BELL. Cirencester: Bailey and Jones. Norwich: C. +Muskett. Plymouth: R. Lidstone. Reading: George Lovejoy.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Just Published,</p> +<p>A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS</p> +<p>IN VARIOUS LANGUAGES,</p> +<p>Among which will be found many of the Works of the FATHERS, +ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, LITURGICAL Works, COUNCILS, THEOLOGY and +CANON LAW and a Selection of many very rare Spanish Books:</p> +<p>Offered for Sale at the prices affixed (for Cash)</p> +<p>BY CHARLES DOLMAN, 61. NEW BOND STREET.</p> +<p>***Among other important Works are the following:—</p> +<table summary="Book list" align="center"> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td align="right">£</td> +<td align="right">s.</td> +<td align="right">d.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">ALBERTI MAGNI Opera Omnia, Studio et Labore P. +Jammy, 21 vols. folio, vellum, only</td> +<td align="right">12</td> +<td align="right">12</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">AMROSII Opera, Ed. Benedictina, 2 vols. folio, +large paper</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +<td align="right">16</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">ARNAUD, Antoine, Oeuvres Complettes, 49 vols. in +44, 4to., only</td> +<td align="right">7</td> +<td align="right">7</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">ATHANASII Opera Omnia, Editio Benedictina, 1698, 5 +vols. folio, fine copy, calf, gilt</td> +<td align="right">14</td> +<td align="right">14</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">AUGUSTINI Opera Omnia, Editio Benedictina, 1700, +12 vols. in 9, folio</td> +<td align="right">11</td> +<td align="right">11</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">BEDAE Opera Omnia, 8 vols. in 5, folio</td> +<td align="right">2</td> +<td align="right">16</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">BIBLIOTHECA Veterum Patrum, De la Bigne Collecta, +12 vols. in 9, folio</td> +<td align="right">5</td> +<td align="right">5</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">BOLLANDII ACTA SANCTORUM, 43 vols. folio, vellum, +Venice, 1734-70, only</td> +<td align="right">25</td> +<td align="right">10</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">BULLARIUM ROMANUM, Ed. C. Coquelines, &c., 32 +vols. folio, only</td> +<td align="right">22</td> +<td align="right">10</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">CHRYSOSTOMI Opera Omnia 13 vols. folio, 1734</td> +<td align="right">14</td> +<td align="right">14</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">DECISIONES Rotae Romanae Recentiores, 24 vols. +folio</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">EPHRAEM SYRI Opera Omnia, 6 vols, folio</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +<td align="right">16</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">GALLIA CHRISTIANA, Opera D. Samarthani, 13 vols. +folio</td> +<td align="right">14</td> +<td align="right">14</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">HIERONYMI Opera Omnia, Ed. D Vallarsii, 11 vols. +folio</td> +<td align="right">14</td> +<td align="right">14</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">LE QUIEN, Oriens Christianus, 3 vols. folio</td> +<td align="right">7</td> +<td align="right">7</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MENOLOGIUM Graecorum, 3 vols folio</td> +<td align="right">3</td> +<td align="right">10</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">ORIGENIS Opera Omnia, Ed. De la Rue, 4 vols. +folio</td> +<td align="right">12</td> +<td align="right">12</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p>N.B. The Catalogue will be forwarded Free by post, on receipt of +two postage stamps.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Now Publishing, The Churches of the Middle Ages. By HENRY BOWMAN +and JOSEPH S. CROWTHERS, Architects, Manchester. To be completed in +Twenty Parts, each containing Six Plates, Imperial Folio. Issued at +intervals of two months. Price per Part to Subscribers. Proofs, +large paper, 10<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>.; Tinted, small paper, +9<i>s</i>.; Plain, 7<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. Parts 1 to 8 are now +published, and contain illustrations of Ewerby Church, +Lincolnshire; Temple Balsall Chapel, Warwickshire; and Heckington +Church, Lincolnshire.</p> +<p>"Ewerby is a magnificent specimen of a Flowing Middle-Pointed +Church. It is most perfectly measured and described: one can follow +the most recondite beauties of the construction, mouldings and +joints, in these Plates, almost as well as in the original +structure. Such a monograph as this will be of incalculable value +to the architects of our Colonies or the United States, who have no +means of access to ancient churches. The Plates are on stone done +with remarkable skill and distinctness. Of Heckington we can only +say that the perspective view from the south-east presents a very +vision of beauty; we can hardly conceive anything more perfect. We +heartily recommend this series to all who are able to patronize +it." —<i>Ecclesiologist</i> Oct. 1849.</p> +<p>London. GEORGE BELL., 186. Fleet Street</p> +<hr /> +<p>THE PRIMAEVAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND ILLUSTRATED BY THOSE OF +DENMARK.</p> +<p>The Primaeval Antiquities of Denmark. By J.J.A. WORSAAE. Member +of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Copenhagen. Translated and +applied to the illustration of similar Remains in England, by +WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary of the Camden Society. With +numerous Woodcuts. 8vo. 10<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>.</p> +<p>"The best antiquarian handbook we have ever met with—so +clear is the arrangement, and so well and so plainly is each +subject illustrated by well-executed engravings.... It is the joint +production of two men who have already distinguished themselves as +authors and antiquarians."—<i>Morning Herald.</i></p> +<p>"A book of remarkable interest and ability.... Mr. Worsaae's +book is in all ways a valuable addition to our literature.... Mr. +Thoms has executed the translation in flowing and idiomatic +English, and has appended many curious and interesting notes and +observations of his own."—<i>Guardian.</i></p> +<p>"The work, which we desire to commend to the attention of our +readers, is signally interesting to the British antiquary. Highly +interesting and important work."—<i>Archaeological +Journal.</i></p> +<p>See also the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> for February 1850.</p> +<p>Oxford: JOHN HENRY PARKER, and 337. Strand. London</p> +<hr /> +<p>Preparing for publication, in 2 vols. small 8vo.</p> +<p>The Folk-Lore of England. By WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary +of the Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays and +Legends of all Nations." &c. One object of the present work is +to furnish new contributions to the History of our National +Folk-Lore; and especially some of the more striking illustrations +of the subject to be found in the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other +Continental Antiquaries.</p> +<p>Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable +Customs and Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are +earnestly solicited, and will be thankfully acknowledged by the +Editor. They may be addressed to the care of MR. BELL, Office of +"NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Vols. I. and II. 8vo., price 28<i>s</i>. cloth.</p> +<p>The Judges of England; from the TIME of the CONQUEST. By EDWARD +FOSS, F.S.A.</p> +<p>"A work in which a subject of great historical importance is +treated with the care, diligence, and learning it deserves; in +which Mr. Foss has brought to light many points previously unknown, +corrected many errors, and shown such ample knowledge of his +subject as to conduct it successfully through all the intricacies +of a difficult investigation, and such taste and judgement as will +enable him to quit, when occasion requires, the dry details of a +professional inquiry, and to impart to his work, as he proceeds, +the grace and dignity of a philosophical history."—<i>Gent. +Mag.</i></p> +<p>London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN and LONGMAN.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p>Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at +No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City +of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, +in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, In the City of London, +Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, July +6, 1850.</p> +<hr class="full" /> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 36. Saturday, +July 6, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 36. *** + +***** This file should be named 13361-h.htm or 13361-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/3/3/6/13361/ + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team and The Internet Library of Early Journals, + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries, No. 36. Saturday, July 6, 1850 + A Medium Of Inter-Communication For Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc. + + +Author: Various + +Release Date: September 3, 2004 [EBook #13361] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 36. *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team and The Internet Library of Early Journals, + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 36.] SATURDAY, JULY 6, 1850. [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * *{81} + +CONTENTS + +NOTES:-- + Further Notes on Derivation of the Word "News", by + Samuel Hickson 81 + More Borrowed Thoughts, by S. W. Singer 82 + Strangers in the House of Commons, by C. Ross 83 + Folk Lore:--High Spirits considered a Presage of impending + Calamity, by C Forbes 84 + The Hydro-Incubator, by H. Kersley 84 + Etymology of the Word "Parliament" 85 + "Incidis in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim," by + C. Forbes and T. H. Friswell 85 + A Note of Admiration! 86 + The Earl of Norwich and his Son George Lord + Goring, by CH. and Lord Braybooke 86 + +QUERIES:-- + James Carkasse's Lucida Intervalla 87 + Minor Queries:--Epigrams on the Universities--Lammas'Day--Mother + Grey's Apples--Jewish Music--The Plant "Haemony"--Ventriloquism-- + Epigram on Statue of French King--Lux fiat-Hiring of Servants-- + Book of Homilies--Collar of SS.--Rainbow--Passage in Lucan--William + of Wykeham--Richard Baxter's Descendants--Passage in St. Peter-- + Juicecups--Derivation of "Yote" or "Yeot"--Pedigree of Greene + Family--Family of Love--Sir Gammer Vans 87 + +REPLIES:-- + Punishment of Death by Burning 90 + To give a Man Horns, by C. Forbes and J.E.B. Mayor 90 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Shipster--Three Dukes--Bishops + and their Precedence--Why Moses represented with + Horns--Leicester and the reputed Poisoners of his Time--New + Edition of Milton--Christian Captives--Borrowed Thoughts--North + Sides of Churchyards--Monastery--Churchyards--Epitaphs--Umbrellas-- + English Translations of Erasmus--Chantrey's Sleeping Children, & c. + 91 + +MISCELLANIES:-- + Separation of the Sexes in Time of Divine Service--Error + in Winstanley's Loyal Martyrology--Preaching in Nave only 94 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, Sales, & c. 95 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted 95 + Notices to Correspondents 95 + Advertisements 96 + + * * * * * + +NOTES + +FURTHER NOTES ON DERIVATION OF THE WORD "NEWS". + +Without being what the Germans would call a _purist_, I cannot deem it +an object of secondary importance to defend the principles of the law +and constitution of the English language. For the adoption of words we +have no rule; and we act just as our convenience or necessity dictates: +but in their formation we must strictly conform to the laws we find +established. Your correspondents C.B. and A.E.B. (Vol. ii., p. 23.) seem +to me strangely to misconceive the real point at issue between us. To a +question by the latter, why I should attempt to derive "News" indirectly +from a German adjective, I answer, because in its transformation into a +German noun declined as an adjective, it gives the form which I contend +no English process will give. The rule your correspondents deduce from +this, neither of them, it appears, can understand. As I am not certain +that their deduction is a correct one, I beg to express it in my own +words as follows:--There is no such process known to the English +language as the formation of a noun-singular out of an adjective by the +addition of "_s_": neither is there any process known by which a +noun-plural can be formed from an adjective, without the previous +formation of the singular in the same sense; except in such cases as +"the rich, the poor, the noble," &c., where the singular form is used in +a plural sense. C.B. instances "goods, the shallows, blacks, for +mourning, greens." To the first of these I have already referred; +"shallow" is unquestionably a noun-singular; and to the remaining +instances the following remarks will apply. + +As it should be understood that my argument applies solely to the +_English_ language, I think I might fairly take exception to a string of +instances with which A.E.B. endeavours to refute me from a vocabulary of +a language very expressive, no doubt, yet commonly called "slang". The +words in question are not English: I never use them myself, nor do I +recognise the right or necessity for any one else to do so; and I might, +indeed, deem this a sufficient answer. But the fact is that the language +in some degree is losing its instincts, and liberties are taken with it +now that it would not have allowed in its younger days. Have we not seen +participial adjectives made from nouns? I shall therefore waive my +objection, and answer by saying that there is no analogy between the +instances given and the case in point. They are, one and all, elliptical +expressions signifying "black clothes, green vegetables, tight +pantaloons, heavy dragoons, odd chances," &c. "Blacks" and "whites" are +not in point, the singular of either being quite as admissible as the +plural. The rule, if it be worth while to lay down a rule for the +formation of such vulgarisms, appears to be {82} that characteristic +adjective, in constant conjunction with a noun in common use, may be +used alone, the noun being understood. Custom has limited in some +measure the use of these abridged titles to classes or collective +bodies, and the adjective takes the same form that the noun itself would +have had; but, in point of fact, it would be just as good English to say +"a heavy" as "the heavies" and they all become unintelligible when we +lose sight of the noun to which they belong. If A.E.B. should assert +that a glass of "cold without," _because_, by those accustomed to +indulge in such potations, it was understood to mean "brandy and _cold_ +water, _without_ sugar," was really a draught from some "well of purest +English undefil'd," the confusion of ideas could not be more complete. + +Indeed, I very much doubt whether our word "News" contains the idea of +"new" at all. It is used with us to mean intelligence and the phrases, +"Is there any thing new?" and "Is there any news?" present, in my +opinion, two totally distinct ideas to the English mind in its ordinary +mechanical action. "Intelligence" is not necessarily "new", nor indeed +is "News:" in the oldest dictionary I possess, Baret's _Alvearie_, 1573, +I find "Olde newes or stale newes." A.E.B. is very positive that "news" +is plural, and he cites the "Cardinal of York" to prove it. All that I +can say is, that I think the Cardinal of York was wrong: and A.E.B. +thought so too, when his object was not to confound me, as may be seen +by his own practice in bloc concluding paragraph of his +communication:--"The _newes_ WAS of the victory," &c. The word "means," +on the other hand, is beyond all dispute plural. What says Shakspeare? + + "Yet nature is made letter by no mean + But nature makes that mean." + +The plural was formed by the addition of "_s_:" yet from the infrequent +use of the word except in the plural, the singular form has become +obsolete, and the same form applies now to both numbers. Those who would +apply this reasoning to "News," forget that there is the slight +difficulty of the absence of the _noun_ "new" to start from. + +I do not feel bound to furnish proof of so obvious a fact, that many of +the most striking similarities in language are mere coincidences. Words +derived from the same root, and retaining the same meaning, frequently +present the most dissimilar appearance, as "eveque" and "bishop;" and +the most distant roots frequently meet in the same word. When your +correspondents, therefore, remind me that there is a French word, +_noise_, I must remind them that it contains not one element of our +English word. Richardson gives the French word, but evidently discards +it, preferring the immediate derivation from "_noy_, that which noies or +annoys." I confess I do not understand his argument; but it was +referring to this that I said that our only known process would make a +plural noun of it. I have an impression that I have met with "annoys" +used by poetical license for "annoyances." + +"Noise" has never been used in the sense of the French word in this +country. If derived immediately from the French, it is hardly probable +that it should so entirely have lost every particle of its original +meaning. With us it is either _a loud sound_, or _fame, report, rumour_, +being in this sense rendered in the Latin by the same two words, _fama, +rumor_, as News. The former sense is strictly consequential to the +latter, which I believe to be the original signification, as shown in +its use in the following passages:-- + + "At the same time it was noised abroad in the realme" + +_Holinshed_. + + Cleopatra, catching but the least noise of this, dies + instantly. + +_Ant. and Cleo._, Act i. Sc. 2. + + _Cre_. What was his cause of anger? + _Ser_. The noise goes, this. + +_Troil. and Cres._, Act. i. Sc. 2. + +Whether I or your correspondents be right, will remain perhaps for ever +doubtful; but the flight that can discover a relationship between this +word and another pronounced[1] as nearly the same as the two languages +will admit of, and which gives at all events one sense, if not, as I +think, the primary one, is scarcely so eccentric as that which finds the +origin of a word signifying a loud sound, and fame, or rumor, in +"nisus"; not even _struggle_, in the sense of _contention_, an endeavour +an effort, a strain. + +SAMUEL HICKSON. + +St. John's Wood, June 15, 1850. + +[Footnote 1: I do not think it necessary, here, to defend my +pronunciation of German; the expressions I now use being sufficient for +the purpose of my argument. I passed over CH.'s observation on this +subject, because it did not appear to me to touch the question.] + + * * * * * + +MORE BORROWED THOUGHTS. + + O many are the poets that are sown + By nature men endowed with highest gifts, + The vision and the facility divine, + Yet wanting the accomplishment of verse, + Nor having e'er, as life advanced, been led + by circumstance to take the height, + The measure of themselves, &c. + +Wordsworth's _Excursion_, B. i. + +This admired passage has its prototype in the following from the +_Lettere di Battista Guarini_, who points to a thought of similar kind +in Dante:-- + +"O quante nolili ingegni si perdono che riuscerebbe mirabili [in poesia] +se dal seguir le inchinazione loro non fossero, o da loro appetiti o da +i Padri loro sviati." + +Coleridge, in his _Bibliographia Literaria_, 1st ed., vol. i. p. 28., +relates a story of some one who desired {83} to be introduced to him, +but hesitated because he asserted that he had written an epigram on "The +Ancient Mariner," which Coleridge had himself written and inserted in +_The Morning Post_, to this effect:-- + + "Your poem must eternal be + Dear Sir! it cannot fail; + For 'tis incomprehensible, + And without head or tail." + +This was, however, only a Gadshill robbery,--stealing stolen goods. The +following epigram is said to be by Mr. Hole, in a MS. collection made by +Spence (penes me), and it appeared first in print in _Terrae Filius_, +from whence Dr. Salter copied it in his _Confusion worse Confounded_, p. +88:-- + + "Thy verses are eternal, O my friend! + For he who reads them, reads them to no end." + +In _The Crypt_, a periodical published by the late Rev. P. Hall, vol. i. +p. 30., I find the following attributed to Coleridge, but I know not on +what authority, as it does not appear among his collected poems:-- + +JOB'S LUCK, BY S. T. COLERIDGE, ESQ. + + "Sly Beelzebub took all occasions + To try Job's constancy and patience; + He took his honours, took his health, + He took his children, took his wealth, + His camels, horses, asses, cows,-- + Still the sly devil did not take his spouse. + "But heav'n, that brings out good from evil, + And likes to disappoint the devil, + Had predetermined to restore + Two-fold of all Job had before, + His children, camels, asses, cows,-- + Short-sighted devil, not to take his spouse." + +This is merely an amplified version of the 199th epigram of the 3d Book +of Owen: + + "Divitias Jobo, sobolemque, ipsamque salutem + Abstulit (hoc Domino non prohibens) Satan. + Omnibus ablatis, misero, tamen una superstes, + Quae magis afflictum redderet, uxor erat." + +Of this there are several imitations in French, three of which are given +in the _Epigrammes Choisies d'Owen_, par M. de Kerivalant, published by +Labouisse at Lyons in 1819. + +S.W. SINGER. + +Mickleham, 1850. + + * * * * * + +STRANGERS IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS. + +(Vol. ii., p. 17.) + +As far as my observation extends, i.e. the last thirty-one years, no +alteration has taken place in the practice of the House of Commons with +respect to the admission of strangers. In 1844 the House adopted the +usual sessional order regarding strangers, which I transcribe, inserting +within brackets the only material words added by Mr. Christie in 1845:-- + + "That the Serjeant-at-Arms attending this house do, from time to + time, take into his custody any stranger or strangers that he + shall see or be informed of to be in the house or gallery + [appropriated to the members of this house, and also any + stranger who, having been admitted into any other part of the + house or gallery, shall misconduct himself, or shall not + withdraw when strangers are directed to withdraw] while the + House or any committee of the whole House is sitting, and that + no person so taken into custody be discharged out of custody + without the special order of the House. + + "That no member of the House do presume to bring any stranger or + strangers into the house, or the gallery thereof, while the + House is sitting." + +This order appears to have been framed at a time when there was no +separate gallery exclusively appropriated to strangers, and when they +were introduced by members into the gallery of what is called the "body +of the house." This state of things had passed away: and for a long +series of years strangers had been admitted to a gallery in the House of +Commons in the face of the sessional order, by which your correspondent +CH. imagines their presence was "absolutely prohibited." + +When I speak of strangers being admitted, it must not be supposed that +this was done by order of the House. No, every thing relating to the +admission of strangers to, and their accommodation in the House of +Commons, is effected by some mysterious agency for which no one is +directly responsible. Mr. Barry has built galleries for strangers in the +new house; but if the matter were made a subject of inquiry, it probably +would puzzle him to state under what authority he has acted. + +Mr. Christie wished to make the sessional order applicable to existing +circumstances; and, it may be, he desired to draw from the House a +direct sanction for the admission of strangers. In the latter purpose, +however, if he ever entertained it, he failed. The wording of his +amendment is obscure, but necessarily so. The word "gallery," as +employed by him, can only refer to the gallery appropriated to members +of the House; but he intended it to apply to the strangers' gallery. The +order should have run thus, "admitted into any other part of the house, +or into the gallery appropriated to strangers;" but Mr. Christie well +knew that the House would not adopt those words, because they contain an +admission that strangers _are_ present whilst the House is sitting, +whereas it is a parliamentary fiction that they are _not_. If a member +in debate should inadvertently allude to the possibility of his +observations being heard by a stranger, the Speaker would immediately +call him to order; yet at other times the right honourable gentleman +will listen complacently to discussions {84} arising out of the +complaints of members that strangers will not publish to the world all +that they hear pass in debate. This is one of the consistencies +resulting from the determination of the House not expressly to recognise +the presence of strangers; but, after all, I am not aware that any +practical inconvenience flows from it. The non-reporting strangers +occupy a gallery at the end of the house immediately opposite the +Speaker's chair; but the right hon. gentleman, proving the truth of the +saying, "None so blind as he who will not see," never perceives them +until just as a division is about to take place, when he invariably +orders them to withdraw. When a member wishes to exclude strangers he +addresses the Speaker, saying, "I think, Sir, I see a stranger or +strangers in the house," whereupon the Speaker instantly directs +strangers to withdraw. The Speaker issues his order in these +words:--"Strangers must withdraw." + +C. Ross. + +_Strangers in the House of Commons_.--As a rider to the notice of CH. in +"NOTES AND QUERIES," it may be well to quote for correction the +following remarks in a clever article in the last _Edinburgh Review_, on +Mr. Lewis' _Authority in Matters of Opinion_. The Reviewer says (p. +547.):-- + +"_This practice_ (viz., of publishing the debates in the House of +Commons) _which, &c., is not merely unprotected by law--it is positively +illegal_. Even the presence of auditors is a violation of the standing +orders of the House." + +ED. S. JACKSON. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_High Spirits considered a Presage of impending Calamity or Death_:-- + + 1. "How oft when men are at the point of death + Have they been merry! which their keepers call + A lightning before death." + +_Romeo and Juliet_, Act v. Sc. 3. + +2. "C'etait le jour de Noel [1759]. Je m'etais leve d'assez bonne heure, +et avec une humeur plus gaie que de coutume. Dans les idees de vieille +femme, cela presage toujours quelque chose do triste.... Pour cette fois +pourtunt le hasard justifia la croyance."--_Memoires de J. Casanova_, +vol. iii p. 29. + +3. "Upon Saturday last ... the Duke did rise up, in a well-disposed +humour, out of his bed, and cut a caper or two.... Lieutenant Felton +made a thrust with a common tenpenny knife, over Fryer's arm at the +Duke, which lighted so fatally, that he slit his heart in two, leaving +the knife sticking in the body."--_Death of Duke of Buckingham_; Howell. +_Fam. Letters_, Aug. 5, 1628. + +4. "On this fatal evening [Feb. 20, 1435], the revels of the court were +kept up to a late hour ... the prince himself appears to have been in +unusually gay and cheerful spirits. He even jested, if we may believe +the cotemporary manuscript, about a prophecy which had declared that a +king should that year be slain."--_Death of King James I_.; Tytler, +_Hist. Scotland_, vol. iii. p. 306. + +5. "'I think,' said the old gardener to one of the maids, 'the gauger's +_fie_;' by which word the common people express those violent spirits +which they think a presage of death."--_Guy Mannering_, chap. 9. + +6. "H.W.L." said: "I believe the bodies of the four persons seen by the +jury, were those of G.B., W.B., J.B., and T.B. On Friday night they were +all very merry, and Mrs. B. said she feared something would happen +before they went to bed, because they were so happy."--_Evidence given +at inquest on bodies of four persons killed by explosion of +firework-manufactory in Bermondsey_, Friday, Oct. 12, 1849. See _Times_, +Oct. 17, 1849. + +Nos. 1, 2, 5, 6, are evidently notices of the Belief; Nos. 3, 4, are +"what you will." Many of your correspondents may be able to supply +earlier and more curious illustrations. + +C. FORBES + +June 19. + + * * * * * + +THE HYDRO-INCUBATOR. + +Most, if not all, of your readers have heard of the newly-invented +machine for hatching and rearing in chickens, without the maternal aid +of the hen; probably many of them have paid a visit (and a _shilling_) +at No. 4. Leicester Square, where the incubator is to be seen in full +operation. The following extract will, therefore, be acceptable, as it +tends to show the truth of the inspired writer's words, "There is no new +thing under the sun:"-- + + "Therefore ... it were well we made our remarks in some + creatures, that might be continually in our power, to observe in + them the course of nature, every day and hour. Sir _John + Heydon_, the Lieutenant of his Majesties Ordnance (that generous + and knowing gentleman and consummate souldier, both in theory + and practice) was the first that instructed me how to do this, + by means of a furnace, so made as to imitate the warmth of a + sitting hen. In which you may lay several eggs to hatch and by + breaking them at several ages, you may distinctly observe every + hourly mutation in them, if you please. The first will be, that + on one side you shall find a great resplendent clearness in the + white. After a while, a little spot of red matter, like blood + will appear in the midst of that clearness, fast'ned to the + yolk, which will have a motion of opening and shutting, so as + sometimes you will see it, and straight again it will vanish + from your sight, and indeed, at first it is so little that you + cannot see it, but by the motion of it; for at every pulse, as + it opens you may see it, and immediately again it shuts, in such + sort as it is not to be discerned. From this red speck, after a + while, there will stream out a number of little (almost + imperceptible) red veins. At the end of some of which, in time, + there will be gathered together a knot of matter, which by + little and little will take the form of a head and you will, ere + long, begin to discern eyes and a beak in it. All this while the + first red spot of blood grows bigger and solider, till at length + it becomes {85} a fleshy substance, and, by its figure, may easily + be discern'd to be the heart; which as yet hath no other inclosure + but the substance of the egg. But by little and little, the rest + of the body of an animal is framed out of those red veins which + stream out all about from the heart. And in process of time, + that body encloses the heart within it by the chest, which grows + over on both sides, and in the end meets and closes itself fast + together. After which this little creature soon fills the shell, + by converting into several parts of itself all the substance of + the egg; and then growing weary of so strait a habitation, it + breaks prison and comes out a perfectly formed chicken."--Sir + Kenelm Digby's _Treatise of Bodies_, Ch. xxiv. p. 274. ed. 1669. + +Could Sir Kenelm return to the scenes of this upper world, and pay a +visit to Mr. Cantelo's machine, his shade might say with truthfulness, +what Horace Smith's mummy answered to his questioner,-- + + "--We men of yore + Were versed in all the knowledge you can mention." + +The operations of the two machines appear to be precisely the same: the +only difference being the Sir Kenelm's was an experimental one, made for +the purpose of investigating the process of nature; while Cantelo's, in +accordance with "the spirit of the iron time," is a practical one, made +for the purposes of utility and profit. Sir Kenelm's Treatise appears to +have been first published in the year 1644. + +HENRY KERSLEY. + +Corpus Christi Hall, Maidstone. + + * * * * * + +ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD "PARLIAMENT." + +It has been observed by a learned annotator on the _Commentaries of +Blackstone_, that, "no inconsiderable pains have been bestowed in +analysing the word 'Parliament;'" and after adducing several amusing +instances of the attempts that have been made (and those too by men of +the most recondite learning) to arrive at its true radical properties, +he concludes his remarks by observing that + + "'Parliament' imported originally nothing more than a council or + conference, and that the termination '_ment_,' in parliament, + has no more signification than it has in _impeachment_, + _engagement_, _imprisonment_, _hereditament_, and ten thouand + others of the same nature." + +He admits, however, that the civilians have, in deriving testament from +_testari mentem_, imparted a greater significance to the termination +"ment." Amidst such diversity of opinion, I am emboldened to offer a +solution of the word "Parliament," which, from its novelty alone, if +possessing no better qualification, may perhaps recommend itself to the +consideration of your readers. In my humble judgment, all former +etymologists of the word appear to have stumbled _in limine_, for I +would suggest that its compounds are "_palam_" and "_mens_." + +With the Romans there existed a law that in certain cases the verdict of +the jury might be given CLAM VEL PALAM, viz., _privily_ or _openly_, or +in other words, by _tablet_ or _ballot_, or by _voices_. Now as the +essence of a Parliament or council of the people was its representative +character, and as secrecy would be inconsistent with such a character, +it was doubtless a _sine qua non_ that its proceedings should be +conducted "_palam_," in an open manner. The absence of the letter "_r_" +may possibly be objected to, but a moment's reflection will cast it into +the shade, the classical pronunciation of the word _palam_ being the +same as if spelt _PARlam_; and the illiterate state of this country when +the word Parliament was first introduced would easily account for a +_phonetic_ style of orthography. The words enumerated by Blackstone's +annotator are purely of English composition, and have no _correspondent_ +in the dead languages; whilst _testament_, _sacrament_, _parliament_, +and many others, are Latin words Anglicised by dropping the termination +"_um_"--a great distinction as regards the relative value of words, +which the learned annotator seems to have overlooked. "_Mentum_" is +doubtless the offspring of "_mens_", signifying the mind, thought, +deliberation, opinion; and as we find "_palam populo_" to mean "_in the +sight of the people_," so, without any great stretch of imagination, may +we interpret "_palam mente_" into "_freedom of thought or of +deliberation_" or "_an open expression of opinion_:" the essential +qualities of a representative system, and which our ancestors have been +careful to hand down to posterity in a word, viz., _Parliament_. + +FRANCISCUS. + + * * * * * + +"INCIDIS IN SCYLLAM, CUPIENS VITARE CHARYBDIM." + +I should be sorry to see this fine old _proverb in metaphor_ passed over +with no better notice than that which seems to have been assigned to it +in Boswell's _Johnson_. + +Erasmophilos, a correspondent of the _Gentleman's Magazine_ in 1774, +quotes a passage from Dr. Jortin's _Life of Erasmus_, vol. ii. p. 151., +which supplies the following particulars, viz.:-- + +1. That the line was first discovered by Galeottus Martius of Narni, +A.D. 1476. + +2. That it is in lib. v. 301. of the "Alexandreis," a poem in _ten_ +books, by Philippe Gualtier (commonly called "de Chatillon," though in +reality a native of Lille, in Flanders). + +3. That the context of the passage in which it occurs is as follows:-- + + "-- Quo tendis inertem + Rex periture, fugam? Nescis, heu perdite, nescis + Quem fugias: hostes incurris dum fugis hostem. + Incidis in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim." + +where the poet apostrophises Darius, who, while {86} flying from +Alexander, fell into the lands of Bessus. (See _Selections from Gent. +Mag_. vol. ii. p. 199. London, 1814.) + +C. FORBES. + +This celebrated Latin verse, which has become proverbial, has a very +obscure authority, probably not known to many of your readers. It is +from Gualtier de Lille, as has been remarked by Galeottus Martius and +Paquier in their researches. This Gualtier flourished in the thirteenth +century. The verse is extracted from a poem in ten books, called the +"Alexandriad," and it is the 301st of the 5th book; it relates to the +fate of Darius, who, flying from Alexander, fell into the hands of +Bessus. It runs thus:-- + + "-- Quo flectis inertem + Rex periture, fugam? Nescis, heu perdite, nescis, + Quem fugias; hostes incurris dum fugis hostem; + _Incidis in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim_" + +As honest JOHN BUNYAN, to his only bit of Latin which he quotes, places +a marginal note: "The Latin which I borrow,"--a very honest way; so I I +beg to say that I never saw this "Alexandriad," and that the above is an +excerpt from _Menagiana_, pub. 1715, edited by Bertrand de la Monnoie, +wherein may also be found much curious reading and research. + +JAMES H. FRISWELL. + + * * * * * + +A NOTE OF ADMIRATION! + +Sir Walter Scott, in a letter to Miss Johanna Baillie, dated October 12, +1825, (Lockhart's _Life of Sir W. S._, vol. vi. p. 82.), says,-- + + "I well intended to have written from Ireland, but alas! as some + stern old divine says, 'Hell is paved with good intentions.' + There was such a whirl of laking, and boating, and wondering, + and shouting, and laughing, and carousing--" [He alludes to his + visiting among the Westmoreland and Cumberland lakes on his way + home, especially] "so much to be seen, and so little time to see + it; so much to be heard, and only two ears to listen to twenty + voices, that upon the whole I grew desperate, and gave up all + thoughts of doing what was right and proper on post-days, and so + all my epistolary good intentions are gone to Macadamise, I + suppose, 'the burning marle' of the infernal regions." + +How easily a showy absurdity is substituted for a serious truth, and +taken for granted to be the right sense. Without having been there, I +may venture to affirm that "Hell is _not_ paved with good intentions, +such things being _all lost or dropt on the way_ by travellers who reach +that bourne;" for, where "Hope never comes," "good intentions" cannot +exist any more than they can be formed, since to fulfil them were +impossible. The authentic and emphatical figure in the saying is, "The +_road_ to hell is paved with good intentions;" and it was uttered by the +"stern old divine," whoever he might be, as a warning _not_ to let "good +intentions" miscarry for want of being realized at the time and upon the +spot. The moral, moreover, is manifestly this, that people may be going +to hell with "the best intentions in the world," substituting all the +while _well-meaning_ for _well-doing_. + +J.M.G + +Hallamshire. + + * * * * * + +THE EARL OF NORWICH AND HIS SON GEORGE LORD GORING. + +As in small matters accuracy is of vital consequence, let me correct a +mistake which I made, writing in a hurry, in my last communication about +the two Gorings (Vol. ii., p. 65.). The Earl of Norwich was not under +sentence of death, as is there stated, on January 8, 1649. He was then a +prisoner: he was not tried and sentenced till March.[2] + +The following notice of the son's quarrels with his brother cavaliers +occurs in a letter printed in Carte's bulky appendix to his bulky _Life +of the Duke of Ormond_. As this is an unread book, you may think it +worth while to print the passage, which is only confirmatory of +Clarendon's account of the younger Goring's proceedings in the West of +England in 1645. The letter is from Arthur Trevor to Ormond, and dated +Launceston, August 18, 1645. + + "Mr. Goring's army is broken and all his men in disorder. He + hates the council here, and I find plainly there is no love + lost; they fear he will seize on the Prince, and he, that they + will take him: what will follow hereupon may be foretold, + without the aid of the wise woman on the bank. Sir John + Colepeper was at Court lately to remove him, to the discontent + of many. In short, the war is at an end in the West; each one + looks for a ship, and nothing more. + + "Lord Digby and Mr. Goring are not friends; Prince Rupert yet + goes with Mr. Goring, but how long that will hold, I dare not + undertake, knowing both their constitutions." + +It will be observed that the writer of the letter, though a cavalier, +here calls him _Mr. Goring_, when as his father was created Earl of +Norwich in the previous year, he was _Lord Goring_ in cavalier +acceptation. + +He is indiscriminately called Mr. Goring and Lord Goring in passages of +letters by cavaliers relating to the campaign in the West of 1645, which +occur in Carte's _Collection of Letters_ (vol. i. pp. 59, 60. 81. 86.). + +A number of letters about the son, Lord Goring's proceedings in the West +in 1645 are printed in the third volume of Mr. Lister's _Life of Lord +Clarendon_. + +The Earl of Norwich's second son, Charles, who afterwards succeeded as +second earl, commanded a {87} brigade under his brother in the West in +1645. (Bulstrode's _Memoirs_, p. 142.; Carte's _Letters_, i. 116. 121.) + +Some account of the father, Earl of Norwich's operations against the +parliament in Essex in 1648, is given in a curious autobiography of +Arthur Wilson, the author of the _History of James I_., which is printed +in Peck's _Desiderata Curiosa_, book xi. part 5. Wilson was living at +the time in Essex. + +An interesting fragment of a letter from Goring the son to the Earl of +Dorset, written apparently as he was on the point of retiring into +France, and dated Pondesfred, January 26, 1646, is printed in Mr. Eliot +Warburton's _Memoirs of Prince Rupert_, iii. 215. + +Mr. Warburton, by the way, clearly confounds the father with the son +when he speaks of the Earl of Norwich's trial and reprieve (iii. 408.). +Three letters printed in Mr. W.'s second volume (pp. 172. 181, 182.), +and signed "Goring", are probably letters of the father's, but given by +Mr. Warburton to the son. + +I perceive also that Mr. Bell, the editor of the lately published +_Fairfax Correspondence_, has not avoided confusion between the father +and son. In the first volume of the correspondence relating to the civil +war (p. 281.), the editor says, under date January, 1646,-- + + "Lord Hopton in the meanwhile has been appointed to the command + in Cornwall, superseding Goring. Also has been sent off on + several negociations to France." + + Goring went off to France on his own account; his father was at that + time Charles I.'s ambassador at the court of France. + +I should like to know the year in which a letter of Goring the son's, +printed by Mr. Bell in vol. i. p. 23., was written, if it can be +ascertained. As printed, it is dated "Berwick, June 22." Is _Berwick_ +right? Is there a bath there? The letter is addressed to Sir Constantine +Huygens, and in it is this passage-- + + "I have now my lameness so much renewed that I cannot come to + clear myself; as soon as the bath has restored me to my + strength, I shall employ it in his Highness's service, if he + please to let me return into the same place of his favour that I + thought myself happy in before." + +I should expect that this letter was written from France after Goring's +abrupt retreat into that country. It is stated that the letter comes +from Mr. Bentley's collection. + +The Earl of Norwich was in Flanders in November 1569, and accompanied +the Dukes of York and Gloucester from Brussels to Breda. (Carte's +_Letters_, ii. 282.) + +CH. + +If the following account of the Goring family given by Banks (_Dormant +and Extinct Peerage_, vol. iii. p. 575.) is correct, it will appear that +the father and both his sons were styled at different times. "Lord +Goring," and that they may very easily be distinguished. + + "George Goring, of Hurstpierpont, Sussex, the son of George + Goring, and Anne his wife, sister to Edward Lord Denny, + afterwards Earl of Norwich, was created Baron Goring in the + fourth of Charles I., and in the xx'th of the same reign + advanced to the earldom of Norwich, which had become extinct by + the death of his maternal uncle above-mentioned, S.P.M. + + "He betrayed Portsmouth, of which he was governor, to the king, + and rendered him many other signal services. He married Mary, + one of the daughters of Edward Nevill, vi'th Baron of + Abergavenny, and had issue four daughters, and two sons, the + eldest of whom, George, was an eminent commander for Charles I., + and best _known as 'General Goring_,' and who, after the loss of + the crown to his royal master, retired to the Continent, and + served with credit as lieutenant-general to the King of Spain. + He married Lettice, daughter of Richard Earl of Cork, and died + abroad, S.P., in _the lifetime of his father_, who survived till + 1662, and was succeeded by _his only remaining son_, Charles + Lord Goring, and second Earl of Norwich, with whom, as he left + no issue by his wife, daughter of ---- Leman, and widow of Sir + Richard Beker, all his honours became extinct in 1672. He was + unquestionably the Lord Goring noticed by Pepys as returning to + England in 1660, and not the old peer his father, who, if + described by any title, would have been styled 'Earl of + Norwich.'" + +BRAYBROOKE. + +July 1, 1850. + +[Footnote 2: Let me also correct a misprint. Banks, the author of the +_Dormant and Extinct Perrage_, is misprinted Burke.] + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES + +JAMES CARKASSE'S LUCIDA INTERVALLA, AN ILLUSTRATION OF PEPYS' DIARY. + +I met lately with a quarto volume of poems printed at London in 1679, +entitled: + + "_Lucida Intevalla_ containing divers miscellaneous Poems + written at Finsbury and Bethlem, by the Doctor's Patient + Extraordinary." + +On the title-page was written in an old hand the native of the "patient +extraordinary" and author _James Carkasse_, and that of the "doctor" +_Thomas Allen_. A little reading convinced me that the writer was a very +fit subject for a lunatic asylum; but at page 5, I met with an allusion +to the celebrated Mr. Pepys, which I will beg to quote:-- + + "Get thee behind me then, dumb devil, begone, + The Lord hath eppthatha said to my tongue, + Him I must praise who open'd hath my lips, + Sent me from Navy, to the Ark, by Pepys; + By Mr. Pepys, who hath my rival been + For the Duke's[3] favour, more than years thirteen; + But I excluded, he high and fortunate, + This Secretary I could never mate; {88} + But Clerk of th' Acts, if I'm a parson, then + I shall prevail, the voice outdoes the pen; + Though in a gown, this challenge I may make, + And wager win, save if you can, your stake. + To th' Admiral I all submit, and vail--" + +The book from which I extract is _cropped_, so that the last line is +illegible. Can the noble editor of Pepys' _Diary_, or any of your +readers, inform me who and what was this Mr. James Carkasse? + +W.B.R. + +[Footnote 3: The Duke of York, afterwards James II.] + + * * * * * + + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Epigrams on the Universities_.--There are two clever epigrams on the +circumstance, I believe, of Charles I. sending a troop of horse to one +of the universities, about the same time that he presented some books to +the other. + +The sting of the first, if I recollect right, is directed against the +university to which the books were sent, the king-- + + "--right well discerning, + How much that loyal body wanted learning." + +The reply which this provoked, is an attack on the other university, the +innuendo being that the troops were sent there-- + + "Because that learned body wanted loyalty." + +I quote from memory. + +Can any of your readers, through the medium of your valuable paper, +favour me with the correct version of the epigrams, and with the +particular circumstances which gave rise to them? + +J. SWANN. + +Norwich. + +_Lammas Day_.--Why was the 1st of August called "Lammas Day?" Two +definitions are commonly given to the word "Lammas." 1. That it may mean +_Loaf-mass_. 2. That it may be a word having some allusion to St. Peter, +as the patron of _Lambs_. + +O'Halloran, however, in his _History of Ireland_, favours us with +another definition; upon the value of which I should be glad of the +opinion of some of your learned contributors. Speaking of Lughaidh, he +says:-- + + "From this prince the month of August was called Lughnas + (Lunas), from which the English adopted the name _Lammas_, for + the 1st day of August." + +J. SANSOM. + +_Mother Grey's Apples_.--At the time I was a little girl,--you will not, +I am sure, be ungallant enough to inquire when that was, when I tell you +I am now a woman,--I remember that the nursery maid, whose duty it was +to wait upon myself and sisters, invariably said, if she found us out of +temper--"So, so! young ladies, you are in the sulks, eh? Well, sulk +away; you'll be like 'Mother Grey's apples,' you'll be sure to come +round again." We often inquired, on the return of fine weather, who +Mother Grey was, and what were the peculiar circumstances of the apples +coming round?--questions, however, which were always evaded. Now, as the +servant was a Cambridge girl, and had a brother a _gyp_, or bedmaker, at +one of the colleges, besides her uncle keeping the tennis court there, I +have often thought there must have been some college legend or tradition +in Alma Mater, of Mother Grey and her apples. Will any of your learned +correspondents, should it happen to fall within their knowledge, take +pity on the natural curiosity of the sex, by furnishing its details? + +A.M. + +_Jewish Music_.--What was the precise character of the _Jewish music_, +both before and after David? And what variety of musical instruments had +the Jews? + +J. SANSOM + +_The Plant "Haemony_."--Can any of your readers furnish information of, +or reference to the plant _Haemony_, mentioned in Milton's _Comus_, l. +638.:-- + + "--a small unsightly root, + But of divine effect,... + The leaf was darkish, and had prickles on it, + But in another country, as he said, + _Bore a bright golden flower, but not in this soil:_ + --More medicinal is it than that Moly, + That Hermes once to wise Ulysses gave; + He called it _Haemony_, and gave it me, + And bade me keep it as of sov'reign use + 'Gainst all enchantments," &c. &c. + +The Moly that Hermes to Ulysses gave, is the wild garlick, [Greek: molu] +by some thought the wild rue. (_Odyss_. b. x. 1. 302.) It is the [Greek: +moluza] of Hippocrates, who recommends it to be eaten as an antidote +against drunkenness. But of _Haemony_ I have been unable to find any +reference among our ordinary medical authorities, Paulus Aeginata, +Celsus, Galen, or Dioscorides. A short note of reference would be very +instructive to many of the readers of Milton. + +J.M. BASHAM. + +17. Chester Street, Belgrave Square. + +_Ventriloquism_.--What evidence is there, that _ventriloquism_ was made +use of in the ancient oracles? Was the [Greek: pneuma puthonos] (Acts, +xvi. 16.) an example of the exercise of this art? Was the Witch of Endor +a ventriloquist? or what is meant by the word [Greek: eggastrimuthos] at +Isai. xix. 3., in the Septuagint? + +"Plutarch informs us," says Rollin (_Ancient History_, vol. i. p. 65.), +"that the god did not compose the verses of the oracle. He inflamed the +Pythia's imagination, and kindled in her soul that living light which +unveiled all futurity to her. The words she uttered in the heat of her +enthusiam, having neither method nor connection, and coming only by +starts, to use that expression [Greek: eggastrimuthos] from the bottom +of her stomach, or rather from her belly, were collected {89} with care +by the prophets, who gave them afterwards to the poets to be turned into +verse." + +If the Pythian priestess was really a ventriloquist, to what extent was +she conscious of the deception she practised? + +J. SANSOM. + +_Statue of French King, Epigram on_.--Can any of your readers inform me +who was the author of the following epigram, written on the occasion of +an equestrian statue of a French king attended by the Virtues being +erected in Paris:-- + + "O la belle statue! O le beau Piedestal! + Les Vertus sont a pied, le Vice est a cheval!" + +AUGUSTINE. + +_Lux Fiat_.--Who was the first Christian or Jewish writer by whom _lux +fiat_ was referred to the creation of the _angels_? + +J. SANSOM. + +_Hiring of Servants_.--At Maureuil, in the environs of Abbeville, a +practice has long existed of hiring servants in the market-place on +festival days. I have observed the same custom in various parts of +England, and particularly in the midland counties. Can any of your +correspondents inform me of the origin of this? + +W.J. + +Havre. + +_Book of Homilies_.--Burnet, in his _History of the Reformation in anno +1542_, says,-- + +"A Book of Homilies was printed, in which the Gospels and Epistles of +all the Sundays and Holidays of the year were set down with a _Homily to +every one of these_. To these were also added Sermons upon several +occasions, as for _Weddings_, _Christenings_, and _Funerals_." + +Can any learned clerk inform me where a copy of such Homilies can be +seen? + +B. + +_Collar of SS_.--Where can we find _much_ about the SS. collar? Is there +any list extant of persons who were honoured with that badge? + +B. + +_Rainbow_.--By what heathen poet is the _rainbow_ spoken of as "risus +plorantis Olympi?" + +J. SAMSON. + +_Passage in Lucan_.--What parallel passages are there to that of +_Lucan_:-- + + "Communis mundo superest rogus, ossibus astra + Misturus?" + +J. SAMSON. + +_William of Wykeham_.--Is there any better Life of William of Wykeham +than the very insufficient one of Bishop Lowth? + +What were the circumstances of the rise of William of Wykeham, +respecting which Lowth is so very scanty and unsatisfactory? + +Where did William of Wykeham get the wealth with which he built and +endowed New College, Oxon, and St. Mary's, Winchester; and rebuilt +Winchester Cathedral? + +What are the present incomes of New College, and St Mary's, Winchester? + +Is there a copy of the Statutes of these colleges in the British Museum, +or in any other public library? + +W.H.C. + +April 22, 1850. + +_Richard Baxter's Descendants_.--Can any of your correspondents inform +me of the whereabouts of the descendants of the celebrated Richard +Baxter? He was a Northamptonshire man, but I think his family removed +into some county in the west. + +W.H.B. + +_Passage in St. Peter_.--Besides the well-known passage in the +_Tempest_, what _Christian_ writers have used any kindred expression to +2 Pet. iii. 10.? + +J. SANSOM. + +8. Park Place, Oxford, June 1. 1850. + +_Juice-cups_.--Is it beneath the dignity of "NOTES AND QUERIES" to admit +an inquiry respecting the philosophy and real effect of placing an +inverted cup in a fruit pie? The question is not about the _object_, but +whether that object is, or can be, effected by the means employed. + +N.B. + +Derivation of "Yote" or "Yeot."--What is the derivation of the word +"yote" or "yeot," a term used in Glocestershire and Somersetshire, for +"leading in" iron work to stone? + +B. + +_Pedigree of Greene Family_.--At Vol. i., p. 200., reference is made to +"a fine Pedigree on vellum, of the Greene family, penes T. Wotton, Esq." + +Can any person inform me who now possesses the said pedigree, or is +there a copy of it which may be consulted? + +One John Greene, of Enfield, was clerk to the New River Company: he died +1705, and was buried at Enfield. He married Elizabeth Myddelton, +grand-daughter of Sir Hugh. I wish to find out the birth and parentage +of the said John Greene and shall be _thankful_, if I may say so much, +without adding too much to the length of my Query. + +H.T.E. + +_Family of Love_.--Referring to Dr. RIMBAULT'S communication on the +subject of this sect (Vol. ii., p. 49.), will you allow me to inquire +whether there is any evidence that its members deserved Fuller's severe +condemnation? Queen Elizabeth might consider them a "damnable sect," if +they were believed to hold heterodox opinions in religion and politics; +but were their lives or their writings immoral? + +N.B. + +_Sir Gammer Vans_.--Can any one give any account of a comic story about +one "_Sir Gammer Vans_," of whom, amongst other absurdities, it is said +"_that his aunt was a justice of peace, and his sister a captain of +horse_"? It is alluded to somewhere {90} in Swift's _Letters_ or +_Miscellanies_; and I was told by a person whose recollection, added to +my own, goes back near a hundred years, that it was supposed to be a +_political satire_, and may have been of Irish origin, as I think there +is some allusion to it in one of Goldsmith's plays or essays. + +C. + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES + +PUNISHMENT OF DEATH BY BURNING. + +Probably some of the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" will share in the +surprise expressed by E.S.S.W. (Vol. ii., p. 6.), yet many persons now +living must remember when spectacles such as he alludes to were by no +means uncommon. An examination of the newspapers and other periodicals +of the latter half of the eighteenth century would supply numerous +instances in which the punishment of strangling and burning was +inflicted; as well in cases of petit treason, for the murder of a +husband, as more frequently in cases of coining, which, as the law then +stood, was one species of high treason. I had collected a pretty long +list from the _Historical Chronicle_ in the earlier volumes of the +_Gentleman's Magazine_, but thought it scarcely of sufficient importance +to merit insertion in "NOTES AND QUERIES." Perhaps, however, the +following extracts may possess some interest: one as showing the manner +in which executions of this kind were latterly performed in London, and +the other as apparently furnishing an instance of later date than that +which Mr. Ross considers the last in which this barbarous punishment was +inflicted. The first occurs in the 56th vol. of the Magazine, Part 1. P. +524., under the date of the 21st June, 1786-- + + "This morning, the malefactors already mentioned were all + executed according to their sentence. About a quarter of an hour + after the platform had dropped, Phoebe Harris, the female + convict, was led by two officers to a stake about eleven feet + high, fixed in the ground, near the top of which was an inverted + curve made of irons, to which one end of a halter was tied. The + prisoner stood on a low stool, which, after the ordinary had + prayed with her a short time, was taken away, and she hung + suspended by the neck, her feet being scarcely more than twelve + or fourteen inches from the pavement. Soon after the signs of + life had ceased, two cartloads of faggots were placed round her + and set on fire; the flames soon burning the halter, she then + sunk a few inches, but was supported by an iron chain passed + over her chest and affixed to the stake." + +The crime for which this woman suffered was coining. Probably the method +of execution here related was adopted in consequence of the horrible +occurrence narrated by Mr. Ross. + +In vol. lix. of the same Magazine, Part 1. p. 272, under the date of the +_18th of March_, 1789, is an account of the executions of nine +malefactors at Newgate; and amongst them,-- + + "Christian Murphy, alias Bowman, for coining, was brought out + after the rest were turned off, and fixed to a stake, and burnt, + being first strangled by the stool being taken from under her." + +From the very slight difference in dates, I am inclined to think that +this is the same case with that alluded to by Mr. Ross. + +OLD BAILEY + +June 24, 1850. + + * * * * * + +TO GIVE A MAN HORNS. +(Vol. i. p. 383.) + +Your correspondent L.C. has started a most interesting inquiry, and your +readers must, I am sure, join with me in regretting that he should have +been so laconic in the third division of his Query; and have failed to +refer to, even if he did not quote, the passages from "late Greek," in +which "horns" are mentioned as a symbol of a husband's dishonor. The +earliest notice of this symbolical use of horns is, I believe, to be +found in the _Oneirocritica_ of Artemidorus, who lived during the reign +of Hadrian, A.D. 117-138: + +[Greek: "Pepi de ippon en to peri agonon logo proeiraeiai. Elege de tis +theasameno tini epi kriou kathaemenpo, kai pesonti ex autou ek ton +euprosthen, mnaesteuomeno de kai mellonti en autais tais haemerais tous +gamous epetelein, proeipein auto hoti hae gunae sou porneusei, kai kata +to legomenon, kerata soi poiaesei kai outos apethae, k.t.l."--Artem. +_Oneirocritica_, lib. ii, cap. 12.] + +See Menage, _Origines de la Langue Francoise_, Paris, 1650, in verb. +"Cornard." I have only seen Reiff's edition of Artemidorus, 8vo. Lipsiae, +1805. His illustrations of the passage (far too numerous to be quoted) +seem to be curious, and likely to repay the reader for the trouble of +examination. His note commences with a reference to Olaus Borrichius, +_Antiqua Urb. Rom. facies_:-- + + "Alexander Magnus ....successores ejus..... in nummis omnes + cornuti quasi Jovii, honore utique manifesto, donee cornuum + decus in ludibria uxoriorum vertit somnorum interpres + Artimidorus." + +On which he observes,-- + + "Bene. Nam ante Artimidorium nullus, quod sciam, hujus scommatis + mentionem fecit. Quod enim Traug. Fred. Benedict. ad Ciceron. + _Epist. ad Div._ 7.24. ad voc. 'Cipius' conjecit, id paullo + audientus mihi videtur conjecisse." + +I have not succeeded in obtaining a sight of this edition of the +Epistles. And I should feel much obliged to any one who would quote the +"conjecture," and so enable your readers to gauge its "audacity" for +themselves. Is it not odd that Reiff should have made no remark on the +utter want of connection between the "honor manifestus," and the +"ludibria" of Olaus? or on the [Greek: kata to legomenon] of the author +that he was illustrating? {91} Artemidorus may certainly have been the +first who _recorded_ the _scomma_; but the words [Greek: kata to +legomenon] would almost justify us supposing that + + "--The horn + Was a crest ere he was born." + +Menage (referred to above) evidently lays some stress on the following +epigram, as an illustration of the question:-- + + [Greek: "Ostis eso purous katalambanei ouk agorazon, + Keinou Amaltheias hae gunae esti keras."] + +Parmenon. _Anthol._ lib. ii. + +But I confess that I am utterly unable to see its point and therefore +cannot, of course, trace its connection with the subject. Falstaff, it +is true, speaks of the "horn of abundance," but then he assigns it to +the husband, and makes the "lightness of the wife shine through it." +(_K. Henry IV._ Act i. Sc. 2., on which see Warburton's note.) + +C. FORBES. + +Temple, April 25. + +L.C. may find the following references of service to him in his inquiry +into the origin of this expression:--"Solanus ad Luc. D.M. 1. 2.; Jacobs +ad Lucill. Epigr. 9.; Belin. ad Lucian, t. iii. p. 326.; Huschk. _Anal._ +p. 168.; Lambec. ad Codin. Sec. 126.; Nodell in _Diario Class._ t. x. p. +157.; Bayl. _Dict._ in Junone, not. E." Boissonade's note in his +_Anecdotae_, vol. iii. p. 140. + +J.E.B. MAYOR. + +Marlborough College. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES + +_Shipster_ (Vol. ii., p. 30.).--If C. B. will consult Dr. Latham's +_English Language_, 2nd ed., he will find that the termination _ster_ is +not merely a _notion_ of Tyrwhitt's, but a fact. Sempstress has a +_double_ feminine termination. _Spinster_ is the only word in the +present English which retains the old feminine meaning of the +termination _ster_. + +E.S. JACKSON. + + +_Three Dukes_ (Vol. ii., p. 9.).--I should like a more satisfactory +answer to this Query than that I given by C. (Vol. ii., p. 46.). I can +give the I names of _two_ of the Dukes (viz. Monmouth and Albermarle); +but who was the _third_, and where can a _detailed account_ of the +transaction be found? In Wades' _British History chronologically +arranged_, 3rd edit. p. 230, is the following paragraph under the date +of Feb. 28, 1671 (that is, 1670-1):-- + + "The Duke of Monmouth, who had contrived the outrage on + Coventry, in a drunken frolic with the young Duke of Albemarle + and others, deliberately kills a ward-beadle. Charles, to save + his son, pardoned all the murderers." + +The date given in the _State Poems_ is Sunday +morning, Feb. 26th, 1670-71. Mr. Lister, in his +_Life of Edward, Earl of Clarendon_ (vol. ii. p. 492.), +alludes to the affair:-- + + "The King's illegitimate son Monmouth, in company with the young + Duke of Albemarle and others, kills a watchman, who begs for + mercy, and the King pardons all the murderers." + +C.H. Cooper + +Cambridge, June 24, 1850. + + +_Bishops and their Precedence_ (Vol. ii., p. 9.).--I believe bishops +have their precedence because they are both _temporal_ and _spiritual_ +barons. Some I years ago, I took the following note from the +_Gentleman's Mag_. for a year between 1790 and 1800; I cannot say +positively what year (for I was very young at the time, and +unfortunately omitted to "note" it):-- + + "Every Bishop has a temporal barony annexed to his see. The + Bishop of Durham is Earl of Sudbury and Baron Evenwood; and the + Bishop of Norwich is Baron of Northwalsham." + +Query, where may the accounts of the respective baronies of the +bishoprics be found? + +HENRY KERSLEY. + + +_Why Moses represented with Horns_.--Your correspondent H.W. (Vol. i, p. +420.) refers the origin of what he calls the strange practice of making +Moses appear horned to a mistranslation in the Vulgate. I send you an +extract from Coleridge which suggests something more profound the such +an accidental cause; and explains the statement of Rosenmueller (p. +419.), that the Jews attributed horns to Moses "figuratively for +power:"-- + + "When I was at Rome, among many other visits to the tomb of + Julius II, I went thither once with a Prussian artist, a man of + great genius and vivacity of feeling. As we were gazing on + Michael Angelo's Moses, our conversation turned on the horns and + beard of that stupendous statue of the necessity of each to + support the other; of the superhuman effect of the former, and + the necessity if the existence of both to give a harmony and + _integrity_ both to the image and the feeling excited by it. + Conceive them removed, and the statue would become _un_natural + without being _super_natural. We called to mind the horns of the + rising sun, and I repeated the noble passage from Taylor's _Holy + Dying_. That horns were the emblem of power and sovereignty + among the Eastern nations; and are still retained as such in + Abyssinia; the Achelous of the ancient Greeks; and the probable + ideas and feelings that originally suggested the mixture of the + human and the brute form in the figure, by which they realised + the idea of their mysterious Pan, as representing intelligence + blended with a darker power, deeper, mightier, and more + universal than the conscious intellect of man; than + intelligence--all these thoughts passed in procession before our + minds."--Coleridge's _Biographia Literaria_, vol. ii. p. 127. + edit. 1817. {92} + +[The noble passage from Taylor's _Holy Dying_, which Coleridge +recreated, is subjoined.] + + "As when the sun approaches towards the gates of the morning, he + first opens a little eye of heaven, and sends away the spirits + of darkness, and gives light to a cock, and calls up the lark to + matins, and by and bye gilds the fringes of a cloud, and peeps + over the eastern hills, thrusting out his golden horns like + those which decked the brows of Moses, when he was forced to + wear a veil, because himself had seen the face of God; and + still, while a man tells the story, the sun gets up higher, till + he shows a fair face and a full light, and then he shines one + whole day, under a cloud often, and sometimes weeping great and + little showers, and sets quickly; so is a man's reason and his + life." + +--Jeremy Taylor's _Holy Dying_. + +C.K. + + +_Leicester and the reputed Poisoners of his Time_ (Vol. ii., p. +9.).--"The lady who had lost her hair and her nails," an account of whom +is requested by your correspondent H.C., was Lady Douglas, daughter of +William Lord Howard of Effingham, and widow of John Lord Sheffield. +Leicester was married to her after the death of his first wife Anne, +daughter and heir of Sir John Robsart, and had by her a son, the +celebrated Sir Robert Dudley, whose legitimacy, owing to his father's +disowning the marriage with Lady Sheffield, in order to wed Lady Essex, +was afterwards the subject of so much contention. On the publication of +this latter marriage, Lady Douglas, in order, it is said, to secure +herself from any future practices, had, from a dread of being made away +with by Leicester, united herself to Sir Edward Stafford, then +ambassador in France. Full particulars of this double marriage will be +found in Dugdale's _Antiquities of Warwickshire_. + +The extract from D'Israeli's _Amenities of Literature_ relates to +charges against Leicester, which will be found at large in _Leicester's +Commonwealth_, written by Parsons the Jesuit,--a work, however, which +must be received with great caution, from the author's well-known enmity +to the Earl of Leicester, and his hatred to the Puritans, who were +protected by that nobleman's powerful influence. + +W.J. + +Havre. + + +_New Edition of Milton_ (Vol. ii., p. 21.).--The Rev. J. Mitford, as I +have understood, is employed upon a new edition of Milton's works, both +prose and verse, to be published by Mr. Pickering. I may mention, by the +way, that the sentence from Strada, "Cupido gloriae, quae etiam +sapientibus novissima exuitur," which is quoted by Mr. Mitford on +Lycidas, Aldine edition, v. 71. ("Fame, that last infirmity of noble +minds"), is borrowed from Tacitus _Hist_. iv. 6. Compare _Athenaeus_, xi. +15. Sec. 116. p. 507. d., where Plato is represented as saying:-- + + "[Greek: Eschaton ton taes doxaes chitona en to thanato auto + apoduometha.]" + +Will you allow me to add, that the quotation from Seneca in Vol. i., p. +427. Of "NOTES AND QUERIES" is from the _Nat. Quaest. Proef_. + +J.E.B. MAYOR. + +Marlborough College, June 8. + + +_Christian Captives_ (Vol. i., p. 441.).--There is an unfortunate hiatus +in the accounts of this parish from 1642 to 1679, which prevents my +stating positively the amount of the collection here made; but in 1670, +Jan 1., there occurs the following:-- + + "Item. To Mr. Day for Copying ouer the fower parts that was + gathered in the parish for the Reliefe of Slaues in Algiears - - + - - 0 2 0" + +Mr. Day was curate of Ecclesfield at that time; and in another part of +the book there is, in his handwriting, a subscription list, which, +though only headed "Colected by hous Row for the ..." is more than +probably the copy referred to. From it the totals collected appear to +have been,-- + + _s_. _d_. +Ecclesfield 6 7-1/2 +Greno Firth 13 6 +Southey Soke 10 7 +Wadsley 4 6 + L1 15 2-1/2 + +The above are the four byerlaws, or divisions of the parish, and the +four churchwardens used separately to collect in their respective +byerlaws; and then a fair copy of the whole was made out by the curate +or schoolmaster. An ordinary collection in church, upon a brief, +averaged 7_s_. 6_d_. at this period. + +J. EASTWOOD. + +Ecclesfield. + + +_Borrowed Thoughts_ (Vol. i., p. 482.).--The number of "NOTES AND +QUERIES" here alluded to has unluckily not reached me; but in Vol. ii., +p. 30., I observe that your correspondent C., in correcting one error, +has inadvertently committed another. Monsieur de la Palisse is the hero +alluded to in the popular song which was written at the commencement of +the eighteenth century by Bernard de la Monnoye, upon the old ballad, +composed after the battle of Pavia, and commencing,-- + + "Helas! La Palice est mort, + Il est mort devant Pavie; + Helas! s'il n'estait pas mort, + Il serait encore en vie!" + +W.J. + +Havre. + + +_North Sides of Churchyards_ (Vol. ii., p. 55.).--A portion of many +churchyards is said to have been left unconsecrated, though not to be +used as playground for the youth of the parish, but for the burial of +excommunicated persons. This was {93} not, however, always on the north +side of the church, as is evident from the following extract from the +Register of Hart, Durham:-- + + "Dec. 17. 1596, Ellen Thompson, Fornicatrix (and then + excommunicated), was buried of Þe people in Þe chaer at the + entrance unto Þe Þeate or stile of Þe churchyard, on the east + thereof." + +Nor is the north side of the church always the less favourite part for +burial. I could name many instances where this is the only part used. + +The churchyard now within two hundred yards of me contains about an acre +of ground; the larger portion of which lies to the south of the church, +but has been very little used for sepulture till of late years, though +the churchyard is very ancient. Even now the poor have an objection to +bury their friends there. I believe the prejudice is always in favour of +the part next the town or village; that on the other side of the church +being generally called "the backside." + +I find various notices of excommunicated persons being very strangely +buried, and in extraordinary places, but I have not as yet met with any +act or injunction on the subject. If any of your readers can supply such +a document, it would be extremely interesting and useful. + +W.H.K. + +D.B. + + +_Monastery, Arrangement of one_ (Vol. i., p. 452.),--A.P.H., who +requests any information respecting the extent, arrangement, and uses of +a monastic building, has doubtless consulted Fosbroke's _British +Monachism_. + +W.J. + +Havre. + + +_Churchyards, Epitaphs_ (Vol. ii., p. 56.).--I beg to submit the +following observations in answer to the Queries under this head. + +Fairs, and also markets, were held in churchyards until put a stop to in +1285 by an enactment in the 13 Edw. I. c. 6:-- + + "E communde le rey e defend qe feire ne marche ne seient tenuz + en cimeter pur honur de seint eglise." + +Previous to the passing of this act, the king had forbidden the keeping +of Northampton fair in the church or churchyard of All Saints in that +town; and Bishop Grostete, following the monarch's example, had sent +instructions through the whole diocese of Lincoln, prohibiting fairs to +be kept in such sacred places. (See Burn's _Eccl. Law_, tit. "Church," +ed. 1788.) Fairs and markets were usually held on Sunday, until the 27 +Hen. VI. c. 5. ordered the discontinuing of this custom, with trifling +exceptions. Appended to the fourth Report of the Lincolnshire +Architectural Society is a paper by Mr. Bloxan on "Churchyard +Monuments," from which it appears that in the churchyards of Cumberland +and Cornwall, and in those of Wales, are several crosses, considered to +be as early as, if not earlier than, the twelfth century: that in the +churchyards of the Isle of Man are other crosses of various dates, from +the eighth to the twelfth century and that in some of the churchyards in +Kent, of which those of Chartham, Godmersham, and Godneston are +specified, there are remaining some of the most simple headstone crosses +that can be imagined, most of which the writer apprehends to be of the +twelfth or thirteenth century, though he adds, "there is no sufficient +reason why they should not be of later date." Several other instances +between the periods particularised are also given. The Report is not +published, but perhaps a copy might be obtained from the printer, W. +Edwards, Corn Market, Louth. See further the _Archaeological Journal_, +passim, and Mr. Cutt's work on _Sepulchral Crosses and Slabs_. The +privilege of sanctuary was taken from churchyards, as well as from all +other places, in 1623, by the 21 Jac. I. c. 28., which provides, + + "That no sanctuary or privilege of sanctuary shall be hereafter + admitted or allowed in any case" (sec. 7.). + +ARUN. + + +_Umbrella_ (Vol. i., p. 415; vol. ii., p. 25.).--Seeing that the Query +respecting this useful article of domestic economy has been +satisfactorily answered, may I be allowed to mention that umbrellas are +described by the ancients as marks of distinction. Pausanias and +Hesychius report that at Alea, a city of Arcadia, a feast called Scieria +was celebrated in honour of Bacchus, in which the statue of the rosy god +was carried in procession, crowned with vine leaves, and placed upon an +ornamental litter, in which was seated a young girl carrying an +umbrella, to indelicate the majesty of the god. On several bas-reliefs +from Persepolis, the king is represented under an umbrella, which a +female holds over his head. + +W.J. + +Havre. + + +_English Translations of Erasmus' "Encomium Moriae"_ (Vol. i., p. +385.).--Perhaps JARLZBERG, who seems interested in the various +translations of this admirable work, might like to know of a French +translation, with designs from Holbein, which I purchased some weeks ago +at a sale in a provincial French town. It is entitled _L'Eloge de la +Folie, compose en forme de Declaration par Erasme, et traduit par Mr. +Guendeville, avec les Notes de Gerard Listre, et les belles Figures de +Holbein; le tout sur l'Oiginal de l'Academie de Bale_. Amsterdam, chez +Francois l'Honore. 1735. + +W.J. + +Havre. + + +_Lady Slingsby_ (Vol. ii., p. 71.).--She was a professional actress, who +played under the name of _Mrs_. (probably _Miss_) _Mary Lee_, from about +1672 to 1680, after which date she is called _Lady_ {94} _Slingsby_, and +she played under this title for about five years, when she seems to have +quitted the stage. She survived her husband, for "Dame Mary Slingsby, +_widow_, of St. James's parish, was buried at Pancras, 1st of March, +1694." + +C. + + +_Meaning of "Bawn"_ (Vol. i., p. 60.).--The poet Campbell uses the word +_bawn_ as follows:-- + + "And fast and far, before the star + Of day-spring, rush'd we through the glade, + And saw at dawn the lofty _bawn_ + Of Castle-Connor fade." + +_O'Connor's Child_. + +ROBERT SNOW. + + +_Chantrey's Sleeping Children_ (Vol. ii., p. 70.)--Your correspondent +PLECTRUM is anxious to know on what grounds I attribute to Stothard any +part of the design of the monument in Lichfield Cathedral known as +Chantrey's "Sleeping Children?" I will endeavour to satisfy him. + +The design, suggested, as it were, by the very nature of the commission, +was communicated by Chantrey to Stothard with a request that he would +make for him two or three sketches of sleeping children, at his usual +price. What Stothard did, I have heard my father say, was very like the +monument as it now stands. The sketch from which Chantrey wrought was +given to me by my father a few months before his death, and is now +suspended on the wall of the room in which I write. + +It is a pencil-sketch, shaded with Indian ink, and is very Stothard-like +and beautiful. It wants, however, a certain sculptural grace, which +Chantrey gave with a master feeling; and it wants the snow-drops in the +hand of the younger sister,--a touch of poetic beauty suggested by my +father. + +The carver of the group (the person who copied it in marble) was the +late Mr. F.A. Lege, to whom the merit of the whole monument has been +foolishly ascribed. + +I should be sorry to impress the world with the belief that I mean in +any way to detract from the merit of Chantrey in making this statement. +I have divulged no secret. I have only endeavoured to explain what till +now has been too often misunderstood. + +PETER CUNNINGHAM. + +The following statement may perhaps give to PLECTRUM the information he +requires. + +Dining one day alone with Chantrey, in Jan. 1833, our conversation +accidentally turned upon some of his monuments, and amongst other things +he told me the circumstances connected with the monument at Lichfield to +the two children of Mrs. Robinson. As I was leaving Chantrey, I asked +him if I might write down what he had told me; his reply was, +"Certainly; indeed I rather wish you would." Before I went to bed I +wrote down what I now send you; I afterwards showed it to Chantrey, who +acknowledged it to be correct. It was hastily written, but I send it as +I wrote it at the time, without alteration. + +Nicholson, the drawing master, taught Mrs. Robinson and her two +children. Not long after the death of Mr. Robinson, the eldest child was +burnt to death; and a very short time afterwards the other child +sickened and died. Nicholson called on Chantrey and desired him to take +a cast of the child's face, as the mother wished to have some monument +of it. Chantrey immediately repaired to the house, made his cast, and +had a most affecting interview with the unhappy mother. She was desirous +of having a monument to be placed in Lichfield Cathedral, and wished to +know whether the cast just taken would enable Chantrey to make a +tolerable resemblance of her lost treasure. After reminding her how +uncertain all works of art were in that respect, he assured her he hoped +to be able to accomplish her wishes. She then conversed with him upon +the subject of the monument, of her distressed feelings at the +accumulated losses of her husband and her two children, in so short a +space of time; expatiated upon their characters, and her great +affection; and dwelt much upon her feelings when, before she retired to +bed, she had usually contemplated them when she hung over them locked in +each other's arms asleep. While she dwelt upon these recollections, it +occurred to Chantrey that the representation of this scene would be the +most appropriate monument; and as soon as he arrived at home he made a +small model of the two children, nearly as they were afterwards +executed, and as they were universally admired. As Mrs. Robinson wished +to see a drawing of the design, Chantrey called upon Stothard, and +employed him to make the requisite drawing from the small model: this +was done; and from this circumstance originated the story, from those +envious of Chantrey's rising fame, that he was indebted to Stothard for +all the merit of the original design. + +EDW. HAWKINS + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANIES. + +_Separation of the Sexes in Time of Divine Service_.--I note with +pleasure that traces of this ancient usage still exist in parts of +Sussex. In Poling Church, and also in Arundel Church, the movable Seats +are marked with the letters M. and W. respectively, according as they +are assigned to the men or women. On the first Sunday in the year I +attended service in Arundel Church, and observed, with respect to the +benches which were placed in the middle of the nave for the use of the +poorer classes, that the women as they entered proceeded to those at the +eastern end, which were left vacant for them, whilst the men by +themselves {95} occupied those at the western end. The existence of a +distinction of this kind in regard to the open seats only, affords +strong proof, if proof were necessary, that it was the introduction of +appropriated pews which led to the disuse of else long established, and +once general, custom of the men occupying the south side of the nave, +and the women the north. + +B.H.B. + + +_Error in Winstanley's Loyal Martyrology_.--Winstanley, in _The Loyall +Martyrology_ (London, printed by Thomas Mabb, 1665), p. 67., says of +Master Gerard, the author of that elaborate herbal which bears his +name--"This gallant gentleman, renowned for arts and arms, was likewise +at the storming of that (Basing) House unfortunately slain." According +to Johnson, who edited his Herbal in 1633, Gerard was born at Namptwich, +in Cheshire, in the year 1545; and died about 1607. Basing House was +stormed Oct. 1645: had Gerard served there, he would have been 100 years +old. It appears that Winstanley has confounded Gerard with his editor +Thomas Johnson above mentioned, who was killed during the siege of +Basing House, anno 1644. (See Fuller's _Worthies_, vol. iii. p. 422. +edit. 1840. London.) + +E.N.W. + + +_Preaching in Nave only.--Prayers and Preaching distinct Services_--In +Ely Cathedral the old and proper custom of sermons being delivered in +the nave only is still maintained. And this observance has doubtless led +to the continuance of another, which is a sufficient answer to those who +object to the length of our service, as it shows that formerly in +practice, as still in principle, prayers and preaching were distinct +services. In the morning of Sunday there is no sermon in either of the +parish churches in Ely, but prayers only; and those of the respective +congregations who wish to hear a sermon remove to the cathedral, where +they are joined by the ecclesiastics and others who have "been to +choir". Consequently, any one may "go to sermon" (I use the language of +the place) without having been to prayers, or to prayers in one of the +parish churches, or the choir, without necessarily hearing the sermon. + +I think it would be very interesting, if your widely scattered +correspondents would from time to time communicate in your columns such +instances of any variation from the now usual mode of celebrating divine +service as may fall under their _personal_ observation. + +B.H.B. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, &c. + +It has been frequently, more frequently, perhaps than justly, objected +to the Shakspeare Society, that few of its publications bear directly +upon the illustration of the works of the great dramatist. That the +Council would gladly publish works more immediately in connection with +Shakspeare and his writings, if the materials for them could be found, +is proved by the fact of their having just published the _Remarks of +Karl Simrock on the Plots of Shakspeare's Plays_, which that gentleman, +whose name is honoured by all lovers of early German poetry and romance, +appended to the third volume of the _Quellen der Shakspeare_, a +collection of Novels, Tales, &c., illustrative of Shakspeare, which +Simrock collected and translated in conjunction with Echtermeyer and +Henschel, and which somewhat resembles Mr. Collier's _Shakspeare's +Library_. The translation of these remarks, made for the Society, was +placed in the hands of Mr. Halliwell, and forms, with the notes and +additions of that gentleman, a volume containing much new and curious +information upon a very interesting point in Shakspearian literature. + +Messrs. Sotheby and Co., of Wellington Street, will sell on Monday, July +8th, and six following days, a very Choice Cabinet of Coins and Medals, +the property of a Nobleman; and on Monday, July 15th, and five following +days, an extensive Assemblage of Historical, Theological, and +Miscellaneous Books. + +Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, of 191. Piccadilly, announce a Sale of +Splendid Engravings by British and Foreign Artists on Monday next. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--William Nield's (46. +Burlington Arcade) Catalogue No. 3. of Very Cheap Books; Edward Stibbs' +(331. Strand) Select Catalogue of a Collection of Books just purchased +from a celebrated literary character. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +(In continuation of Lists in former Nos.) + +DRAYTON'S POLYOLBION. (A perfect copy of any edition.) + +PULEYN'S ETYMOLOGICAL COMPENDIUM. + +Odd volumes. + +INGLIS'S IRELAND. Vol. II. + +Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES", 186. Fleet street. + + * * * * * + +Notices to Correspondents + +VOLUME THE FIRST, _Complete with Index, may now be had, price 9_s_. +6_d_., bound in cloth_. THE INDEX, _published last week, is, we trust, +sufficiently full to satisfy to the utmost the wishes of our +Subscribers. We feel that, if called upon at any time to establish the +utility of_ NOTES AND QUERIES, _we may confidently point to the Index as +a proof that the Literary Inquirer, be his particular branch of Study +what it may, will not search in vain in our pages for valuable Notes and +Illustrations of it. + +Answers to several correspondents in our next_. + +Errata. No. 34. p. 60., for "D_o_lort" read "D_e_lort," and for +"Triar_mum_" , read "Triar_num_". No. 35. p. 75. in the article on +"Carucate of Land" for "acre", read "acras", and for "B_oe_julia", read +"B_a_julia". The articles "God Save the Queen," p. 71., and "Royal and +Distinguished Interments", p. 79., should have been subscripted "F.K." +instead of "J.H.M." {96} + + * * * * * + +THE EDINBURGH REVIEW, +No. CLXXXV., will be Published on WEDNESDAY next, +July 10th. + +CONTENTS: + +1. QUETELET ON PROBABILITIES. + +2. MERIVALE'S HISTORY OF ROME UNDER THE +EMPIRE. + +3. CHURCH AND STATE EDUCATION + +4. MERIMEE'S HISTORY OF PEDRO THE CRUEL. + +5. BLACKIE'S AESCHYLUS. + +6. GOETHE'S FESTIVAL. + +7. GUIZOT ON THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION. + +8. THE AFRICAN SQUADRON. + +9. THE GORHAM CONTROVERSY. + +London: LONGMAN AND CO. Edinburgh: A. AND C. BLACK. + + * * * * * + +Now ready, Octavo Edition. plain, 15_s_.; Quarto Edition, having the +Plates of the Tesselated Pavements all coloured, 1_l_. 5_s_. + +Remains of Roman art, in Cirencester, the Site of Ancient Corinium: +containing Plates by De la Motte, of the magnificient Tesselated +Pavements discovered in August and September, 1849, with copies of the +grand Heads of Ceres, Flora, and Pamona; reduced by the Talootype from +facsimile tracings of the original; together with various other plates +and numerous wood engravings. + +In the Quarto edition the folding of the plates necessary for the +smaller volume is avoided. + +London: GEORGE BELL. Cirencester: Bailey and Jones. Norwich: C. Muskett. +Plymouth: R. Lidstone. Reading: George Lovejoy. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, + +A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS + +IN VARIOUS LANGUAGES, + +Among which will be found many of the Works of the FATHERS, +ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, LITURGICAL Works, COUNCILS, THEOLOGY and CANON +LAW and a Selection of many very rare Spanish Books: + +Offered for Sale at the prices affixed (for Cash) + +BY CHARLES DOLMAN, 61. NEW BOND STREET. + +***Among other important Works are the following:-- + +123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789072 + L s. d. +ALBERTI MAGNI Opera Omnia, Studio et Labore P. +Jammy, 21 vols. folio, vellum, only 12 12 0 +AMROSII Opera, Ed. Benedictina, 2 vols. folio, large paper 6 16 6 +ARNAUD, Antoine, Oeuvres Complettes, 49 vols. in 44, +4to., only 7 7 0 +ATHANASII Opera Omnia, Editio Benedictina, 1698, +5 vols. folio, fine copy, calf, gilt 14 14 0 +AUGUSTINI Opera Omnia, Editio Benedictina, 1700, 12 +vols. in 9, folio 11 11 0 +BEDAE Opera Omnia, 8 vols. in 5, folio 2 16 0 +BIBLIOTHECA Veterum Patrum, De la Bigne Collecta, +12 vols. in 9, folio 5 5 0 +BOLLANDII ACTA SANCTORUM, 43 vols. folio, vellum, +Venice, 1734-70, only 25 10 0 +BULLARIUM ROMANUM, Ed. C. Coquelines, &c., 32 vols. +folio, only 22 10 0 +CHRYSOSTOMI Opera Omnia 13 vols. folio, 1734 14 14 0 +DECISIONES Rotae Romanae Recentiores, 24 vols. folio 6 6 0 +EPHRAEM SYRI Opera Omnia, 6 vols, folio 6 16 6 +GALLIA CHRISTIANA, Opera D. Samarthani, 13 vols. +folio 14 14 0 +HIERONYMI Opera Omnia, Ed. D Vallarsii, 11 vols. +folio 14 14 0 +LE QUIEN, Oriens Christianus, 3 vols. folio 7 7 0 +MENOLOGIUM Graecorum, 3 vols folio 3 10 0 +ORIGENIS Opera Omnia, Ed. De la Rue, 4 vols. folio 12 12 0 + +N.B. The Catalogue will be forwarded Free by post, on receipt of two +postage stamps. + + * * * * * + +Now Publishing, The Churches of the Middle Ages. By HENRY BOWMAN and +JOSEPH S. CROWTHERS, Architects, Manchester. To be completed in Twenty +Parts, each containing Six Plates, Imperial Folio. Issued at intervals +of two months. Price per Part to Subscribers. Proofs, large paper, +10_s_. 6_d_.; Tinted, small paper, 9_s_.; Plain, 7_s_. 6_d_. Parts 1 to +8 are now published, and contain illustrations of Ewerby Church, +Lincolnshire; Temple Balsall Chapel, Warwickshire; and Heckington +Church, Lincolnshire. + +"Ewerby is a magnificent specimen of a Flowing Middle-Pointed Church. It +is most perfectly measured and described: one can follow the most +recondite beauties of the construction, mouldings and joints, in these +Plates, almost as well as in the original structure. Such a monograph as +this will be of incalculable value to the architects of our Colonies or +the United States, who have no means of access to ancient churches. The +Plates are on stone done with remarkable skill and distinctness. Of +Heckington we can only say that the perspective view from the south-east +presents a very vision of beauty; we can hardly conceive anything more +perfect. We heartily recommend this series to all who are able to +patronize it." --_Ecclesiologist_ Oct. 1849. + +London. GEORGE BELL., 186. Fleet Street + + * * * * * + +THE PRIMAEVAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND ILLUSTRATED BY THOSE OF DENMARK. + +The Primaeval Antiquities of Denmark. By J.J.A. WORSAAE. Member of the +Royal Society of Antiquaries of Copenhagen. Translated and applied to +the illustration of similar Remains in England, by WILLIAM J. THOMS, +F.S.A., Secretary of the Camden Society. With numerous Woodcuts. 8vo. +10_s_. 6_d_. + +"The best antiquarian handbook we have ever met with--so clear is the +arrangement, and so well and so plainly is each subject illustrated by +well-executed engravings.... It is the joint production of two men who +have already distinguished themselves as authors and +antiquarians."--_Morning Herald._ + +"A book of remarkable interest and ability.... Mr. Worsaae's book is in +all ways a valuable addition to our literature.... Mr. Thoms has +executed the translation in flowing and idiomatic English, and has +appended many curious and interesting notes and observations of his +own."--_Guardian._ + +"The work, which we desire to commend to the attention of our readers, +is signally interesting to the British antiquary. Highly interesting and +important work."--_Archaeological Journal._ + +See also the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for February 1850. + +Oxford: JOHN HENRY PARKER, and 337. Strand. London + + * * * * * + +Preparing for publication, in 2 vols. small 8vo. + +The Folk-Lore of England. By WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary of the +Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays and Legends of +all Nations." &c. One object of the present work is to furnish new +contributions to the History of our National Folk-Lore; and especially +some of the more striking illustrations of the subject to be found in +the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental Antiquaries. + +Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable Customs and +Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are earnestly solicited, and +will be thankfully acknowledged by the Editor. They may be addressed to +the care of MR. BELL, Office of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Vols. I. and II. 8vo., price 28_s_. cloth. + +The Judges of England; from the TIME of the CONQUEST. By EDWARD FOSS, +F.S.A. + +"A work in which a subject of great historical importance is treated +with the care, diligence, and learning it deserves; in which Mr. Foss +has brought to light many points previously unknown, corrected many +errors, and shown such ample knowledge of his subject as to conduct it +successfully through all the intricacies of a difficult investigation, +and such taste and judgement as will enable him to quit, when occasion +requires, the dry details of a professional inquiry, and to impart to +his work, as he proceeds, the grace and dignity of a philosophical +history."--_Gent. Mag._ + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN and LONGMAN. + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, In the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, July 6, 1850. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 36. Saturday, +July 6, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 36. *** + +***** This file should be named 13361.txt or 13361.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/3/3/6/13361/ + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team and The Internet Library of Early Journals, + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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